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AEC Audit Report / Information 2025

May 22, 2026

51840_rns_2026-05-22_535e6ddf-b884-4d98-a2bc-36d2d98af02e.pdf

Audit Report / Information

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Stock code: 1514

Allis Electric Co., Ltd. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Financial Statements
for the Years Ended December 31, 2025 and 2024

(With Auditors' Report Thereon)

12F., No. 19-11, Sanchong Rd., Taipei
TEL:(02)26553456
FAX:(02)26553388

The independent auditors' report and the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been translated into English from the original Chinese version prepared and used in the Republic of China. If there is any conflict between the English version and the original Chinese version or any difference in the interpretation of the two versions, the Chinese-language independent auditors' report and consolidated financial statements shall prevail.


Allis Electric Co., Ltd. and Subsidiaries
Table of Contents

Contents Page
I. Cover page
II. Table of Contents
III. Representation Letter
IV. Independent Auditors’ Report 1~IV
V. Consolidated Balance Sheets 1
VI. Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income 2
VII. Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity 3
VIII. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 4~5
IX. Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
1. General 6
2. Approval Date and Procedures of the Financial Statements 6
3. Application of New, Amended and Revised Standards and Interpretations 6~7
4. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies 7~17
5. Critical Accounting Judgments and Key Sources of Estimation Uncertainty 17
6. Significant Accounts Disclosures 18~46
7. Transactions with Related Parties 46~48
8. Pledged Assets 48
9. Significant Contingent Liabilities and Unrecognized Commitments 49
10. Significant Loss from Disasters
11. Significant Subsequent Events
12. Others
13. Additional Disclosures
(1) Information on Significant Transactions 49、52~56
(2) Information on Investees 49、57
(3) Information on Investment in Mainland China 49、58
14. Segment Information 50~51

REPRESENTATION LETTER

The entities that are required to be included in the consolidated financial statements of affiliates in accordance with the "Criteria Governing Preparation of Affiliation Reports, Consolidated Business Reports and Consolidated Financial Statements of Affiliated Enterprises" for the year ended December 31, 2025 are all the same as those included in the consolidated financial statements of Allis Electric Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries prepared in conformity with the International Financial Reporting Standard 10 "Consolidated Financial Statements". Relevant information that should be disclosed in the consolidated financial statements of affiliates is included in the consolidated financial statements of Allis Electric Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries. Hence, we do not prepare a separate set of consolidated financial statements of affiliates.

Very truly yours,

ALLIS ELECTRIC CO., LTD.

By

Herr-Yeh Sung

Chairman

March 12, 2026


Earnest & Co., CPAs.

4F., No.501, Sec.2, Tiding Blvd., Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C)

恵眾聯合會計師事務所

台北市琉頂大道二段501號4樓

TEL:(02)87519698 FAX:(02)87515658

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT

Allis Electric Co., Ltd.

Opinion

We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Allis Electric Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “Allis Electric Group”), which comprise the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and the notes to the consolidated financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies.

In our opinion, based on our audits and the reports of other auditors (refer to Other Matter section), the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Allis Electric Group as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and its consolidated financial performance and its consolidated cash flows for the years then ended, in accordance with the Regulations Governing the Preparation of Financial Reports by Securities Issuers and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), International Accounting Standards (IAS), IFRIC Interpretations (IFRIC), and SIC Interpretations (SIC) endorsed and issued into effect by the Financial Supervisory Commission of the Republic of China.

Basis for Opinion

We conducted our audits in accordance with the Regulations Governing Financial Statement Audit and Attestation Engagements of Certified Public Accountants and Standards on Auditing of the Republic of China. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors’ Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of Allis Electric Group in accordance with The Norm of Professional Ethics for Certified Public Accountant of the Republic of China, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Key Audit Matters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the consolidated financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.

Revenue Recognition

Please refer to Note 4(16) of the consolidated financial statements for the accounting policies on revenue recognition.

Because revenue is high-risk in nature and parts of goods are customized, revenue recognition was identified as one of the key audit matters.

We obtained an understanding of and tested the design and operating effectiveness of internal


controls over revenue recognition. We also performed tests of the occurrence of sales revenue for newly added customers that are related parties with significant transactions or newly ranked among the top ten customers, and examined whether the sales counterparties were consistent with the recipients of payments and reviewed subsequent collections to assess whether any unusual matters existed.

Estimated Impairment of Accounts Receivable

Please refer to Note 4(6) of the consolidated financial statements for the accounting policies on impairment of accounts receivables and Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements for uncertainty of accounting estimation and assumptions for the estimated impairment of accounts receivable.

Because of measuring expected credit losses on accounts receivable involve significant judgments and uncertainties, the estimated impairment of accounts receivables was identified as one of the key audit matters.

We evaluated the reasonableness of allowance for impairment loss by testing the aging of accounts receivables and by quantifying the potential risk of accounts receivables that were overdue at the balance sheet date. We tested the recoverability of the accounts receivables by vouching cash receipts after the balance sheet date. For the estimated impairment of accounts receivable, we evaluated the adequacy of management's provision for impairment based on customers' past default experience, current financial position, existing market conditions as well as forward looking estimates.

Other Matter

We did not audit the financial statements of certain subsidiaries of Allis Electric Group as of and for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, which were included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, but such financial statements were audited by other auditors whose reports have been furnished to us, and our opinion, insofar as it relates to the amounts included in Allis Electric Group's consolidated financial statements for such subsidiaries, is based solely on the reports of other auditors. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the total assets of such subsidiaries were NT$487,400 thousand and NT$487,330 thousand, respectively, which represented 3.67% and 4.32%, respectively, of Allis Electric Group's consolidated total assets. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the operating revenue of such subsidiaries were NT$540,256 thousand and NT$617,909 thousand, respectively, which represented 5.11% and 6.96%, respectively, of Allis Electric Group's consolidated total operating revenue. In addition, we did not audit the financial statements of certain associates of Allis Electric Group as of and for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, which reflected in the consolidated financial statements using the equity of accounting, but such financial statements were audited by other auditors whose reports have been furnished to us. Thus, our opinion, insofar as it relates to the amounts included in Allis Electric Group's consolidated financial statements for such associates, is based solely on the reports of other auditors. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the aforementioned investments accounted for using equity method were NT$420,025 thousand and NT$389,201 thousand, respectively, which represented 3.16% and 3.45%, respectively, of Allis Electric Group's consolidated total assets. Allis Electric Group's share of comprehensive income or loss of such associates were NT$60,355 thousand and NT$74,402 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, which represented 6.62% and 8.23%, respectively, of Allis Electric Group's consolidated total comprehensive income.

We have also audited the parent company only financial statements of Allis Electric Co., Ltd. as of and for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 on which we have issued an unmodified opinion with Other Matter section.

~II~


Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Consolidated Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with the Regulations Governing the Preparation of Financial Reports by Securities Issuers, and IFRS, IAS, IFRIC, and SIC endorsed and issued into effect by the Financial Supervisory Commission of the Republic of China, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is responsible for assessing Allis Electric Group’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate Allis Electric Group or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.

Those charged with governance, including the audit committee, are responsible for overseeing Allis Electric Group’s financial reporting process.

Auditors’ Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditors’ report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with the Standards on Auditing of the Republic of China will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements.

As part of an audit in accordance with the Standards on Auditing of the Republic of China, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:

  1. Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.

  2. Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of Allis Electric Group’s internal control.

  3. Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management.

  4. Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on Allis Electric Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditors’ report to the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditors’ report. However, future events or conditions may cause Allis Electric Group to cease to continue as a going concern.

  5. Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements,

~III~


including the disclosures, and whether the consolidated financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.

  1. Obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of entities or business activities within Allis Electric Group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision, and performance of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion.

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.

From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025 and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditors' report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.

The engagement partners on the audit resulting in this independent auditors' report are Yu-Ling Hung and Min-Chih Chuo.

Earnest & Co., CPAs.
Taipei, Taiwan
Republic of China

March 12, 2026

Notice to Readers

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are intended only to present the consolidated financial position, financial performance and cash flows in accordance with accounting principles and practices generally accepted in the Republic of China and not those of any other jurisdictions. The standards, procedures and practices to audit such consolidated financial statements are those generally applied in the Republic of China.

For the convenience of readers, the auditors' report and the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been translated into English from the original Chinese version prepared and used in the Republic of China. If there is any conflict between the English version and the original Chinese version or any difference in the interpretation of the two versions, the Chinese-language independent auditors' report and consolidated financial statements shall prevail.

~IV~


Allis Electric Co., Ltd. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024
(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)

ASSETS Notes 2025.12.31 2024.12.31 LIABILITIES AND EQUITY Notes 2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Amount % Amount % Amount % Amount %
CURRENT ASSETS
1100 Cash and cash equivalents Note 4 and 6 $ 1,694,233 12.76 $ 1,023,242 9.06 2100 Short-term loans Note 6 $ 1,598,288 12.05 $ 1,970,000
1110 Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss Note 4 and 6 3,058 0.02 69 0.00 2120 Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss Note 4 and 6 7,800 0.06 98
1120 Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income Note 4 and 6 135,968 1.02 142,350 1.26 2130 Contract liabilities Note 4 and 7 590,121 4.44 383,921
1140 Contract assets Note 4 1,435,110 10.81 832,546 7.37 2150 Notes payable Note 7 71,985 0.54 30,125
1150 Notes receivable, net Note 4, 6 and 7 64,663 0.49 95,397 0.85 2170 Accounts payable 2,361,732 17.78 1,975,606
1170 Accounts receivable, net Note 4 and 6 4,514,644 34.00 3,819,728 33.83 2180 Accounts payable to related parties Note 7 138,592 1.04 139,661
1180 Accounts receivable from related parties Note 6 and 7 95,651 0.72 12,930 0.12 2200 Other payables Note 7 472,515 3.56 415,307
1200 Other receivables Note 4, 6, 7, and 8 33,659 0.25 58,231 0.51 2230 Current tax liabilities Note 4 138,144 1.04 84,676
1220 Current tax assets Note 4 1,490 0.01 471 0.00 2250 Provisions Note 4 and 6 12,100 0.09 12,100
1310 Inventories Note 4 and 6 2,200,329 16.57 2,374,348 21.03 2280 Lease liabilities Note 4 4,122 0.03 3,567
1410 Prepayments 148,341 1.12 93,046 0.82 2320 Current portion of long-term loans Note 6 38,907 0.29 29,762
1479 Other current assets Note 6 191 0.00 4,250 0.04 2399 Other current liabilities 1,074 0.01 1,031
11xx Total current assets 10,327,337 77.77 8,456,608 74.89 21xx Total current liabilities 5,435,380 40.93 5,045,854
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
2530 Bonds payable Note 4 and 6 1,094,676 8.24 9,690
2540 Long-term loans Note 6 147,566 1.11 185,866
2570 Deferred tax liabilities Note 4 and 6 186,545 1.40 174,476
2580 Lease liabilities Note 4 4,529 0.04 5,672
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
1510 Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss Note 4 and 6 13,500 0.10 - - 2580 Guarantee deposits 3,986 0.03 3,459
1517 Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income Note 4 and 6 122,134 0.92 131,038 1.16 2645 Total non-current liabilities 1,437,302 10.82 379,163
1550 Investments accounted for using equity method Note 4 and 6 420,025 3.16 389,201 3.45 25xx Total liabilities 6,872,682 51.75 5,425,017
1600 Property, plant and equipment Note 4, 6 and 8 1,730,411 13.03 1,728,841 15.31 24xx Total liabilities
1755 Right-of-use assets Note 4 and 6 8,384 0.06 9,114 0.08
1760 Investment properties Note 4, 6 and 8 345,465 2.60 347,523 3.08 EQUITY ATTRIBUTABLE TO OWNERS OF THE PARENT Note 6
1780 Intangible assets Note 4 and 6 36,469 0.28 26,898 0.24 3110 Ordinary shares 2,731,085 20.56 2,675,437
1840 Deferred tax assets Note 4 and 6 34,903 0.26 27,010 0.24 3130 Bond conversion entitlement certificates - - 435
1915 Prepayments for equipment 35,070 0.27 18,376 0.16 3100 Total share capital 2,731,085 20.56 2,675,872
1920 Refundable deposits 130,721 0.99 109,812 0.97 3200 Capital surplus 1,113,619 8.39 985,582
1975 Net defined benefit asset Note 4 and 6 65,233 0.49 37,346 0.33
1980 Other receivables Note 6 440 0.00 407 0.00 Retained earnings
1990 Other non-current assets Note 6 9,748 0.07 9,748 0.09 3310 Legal reserve 416,508 3.14 333,094
15xx Total non-current assets 2,952,503 22.23 2,835,314 25.11 3320 Special reserve 448,174 3.37 448,977
3350 Unappropriated earnings 1,681,647 12.67 1,362,388
3300 Total retained earnings 2,546,329 19.18 2,144,459
3400 Other equity (26,289) (0.20) (11,378)
3500 Treasury Stock (30,866) (0.23) (30,866)
31xx Total equity attributable to owners of the parent 6,333,878 47.70 5,763,669
36xx NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS Note 6 73,280 0.55 103,236
3xxx Total equity 6,407,158 48.25 5,866,905
1xxx TOTAL ASSETS $ 13,279,840 100.00 $ 11,291,922 100.00 TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY $ 13,279,840 100.00 $ 11,291,922

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
(With Earnest & Co., CPAs auditors' report dated March 12, 2026)


Allis Electric Co., Ltd. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024
(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars, Except Earnings Per Share)

Notes 2025 Amount % 2024 Amount %
4000 OPERATING REVENUE Note 4, 6 and 7 $ 10,570,657 100.00 $ 8,877,878 100.00
5000 OPERATING COST Note 6 and 7 8,589,801 81.26 7,174,157 80.81
5900 GROSS PROFIT 1,980,856 18.74 1,703,721 19.19
5910 LESS: UNREALIZED GROSS PROFIT ON SALES 1,347 0.01
5920 ADD: REALIZED GROSS PROFIT ON SALES 469 0.01
5950 NET GROSS PROFIT 1,981,325 18.75 1,702,374 19.18
OPERATING EXPENSES
6100 Selling and marketing expenses Note 7 505,465 4.78 466,382 5.25
6200 General and administrative expenses 263,558 2.50 221,855 2.50
6300 Research and development expenses Note 7 130,892 1.24 121,500 1.37
6450 Expected credit impairment loss (gains) 12,926 0.12 (5,923) (0.06)
6000 Total operating expenses 912,841 8.64 803,814 9.06
6900 OPERATING INCOME 1,068,484 10.11 898,560 10.12
NON-OPERATING INCOME AND EXPENSES
7010 Other income Note 6 and 7 46,361 0.44 33,577 0.38
7020 Other gains and losses Note 6 20,198 0.19 32,576 0.37
7050 Finance costs Note 6 (59,847) (0.57) (43,853) (0.50)
7060 Share of profit of associates accounted for using equity method Note 4 and 6 60,281 0.57 71,197 0.80
7000 Total non-operating income and expenses 66,993 0.63 93,497 1.05
7900 INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX 1,135,477 10.74 992,057 11.17
7950 INCOME TAX EXPENSE Note 4 and 6 228,271 2.16 181,251 2.04
8200 NET INCOME 907,206 8.58 810,806 9.13
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss
8311 Remeasurement of defined benefit plans Note 4 and 6 21,079 0.20 29,557 0.33
8316 Unrealized gains (losses) from investments in equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income Note 4 (23,252) (0.22) 52,481 0.59
8321 Share of remeasurement of defined benefit plans of associates accounted for using equity method Note 4 (19) 0.00 1,984 0.02
8349 Income tax relating to items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss Note 4 and 6 (4,008) (0.04) (81) (0.00)
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss
8361 Exchange differences on translating foreign operation 10,876 0.11 8,551 0.10
8370 Share of other comprehensive income (loss) of associates accounted for using equity method Note 4 93 0.00 1,221 0.02
8300 Other comprehensive income, net 4,769 0.05 93,713 1.06
8500 TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR $ 911,975 8.63 $ 904,519 10.19
8600 NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO
8610 Owners of the parent $ 893,312 8.45 $ 801,224 9.02
8620 Non-controlling interests 13,894 0.13 9,582 0.11
$ 907,206 8.58 $ 810,806 9.13
8700 TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO
8710 Owners of the parent $ 895,540 8.47 $ 893,831 10.07
8720 Non-controlling interests 16,435 0.16 10,688 0.12
$ 911,975 8.63 $ 904,519 10.19
9750 BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE Note 6 $ 3.30 $ 2.98
9850 DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE Note 6 $ 3.23 $ 2.94

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
(With Earnest & Co., CPAs auditors' report dated March 12, 2026)


Allis Electric Co., Ltd. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024
(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)
Equity Attributable to Owners of Parent

Share Capital Retained Earnings Other Equity Treasury Stock Total Non-controlling Interests Total Equity
Ordinary Shares Bond Conversion Entitlement Certificates Capital Surplus Legal Reserve Special Reserve Unappropriated Earnings Exchange Differences on Translating Foreign Operation Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive Income (41,616) $ 4,635,227 $ 100,149 $ 4,735,376
BALANCE, JANUARY 1, 2024 $ 2,469,353 $ 58,439 $ 440,925 $ 258,944 $ 449,780 $ 1,068,907 (8,209) $(61,296) $(41,616) $ 4,635,227 $ 100,149 $ 4,735,376
Appropriation of the 2023 earnings
Legal reserve appropriated - - - 74,150 - (74,150) - - - - - -
Cash dividends - - - - - (414,672) - - - (414,672) - (414,672)
Stock dividends 51,834 - - - - (51,834) - - - - - -
Net income in 2024 - - - - - 801,224 - - - 801,224 9,582 810,806
Other comprehensive income and loss in 2024, net of income tax - - - - - 31,405 8,474 52,728 - 92,607 1,106 93,713
Total comprehensive income in 2024 - - - - - 832,629 8,474 52,728 - 893,831 10,688 904,519
Reversal of special reserve - - - - (803) 803 - - - - - -
Return of donation from owners - - (7) - - - - - - (7) - (7)
Sale of the Company's shares held by subsidiaries - - 76,398 - - - - - 10,750 87,148 53 87,201
Disposal of investments in equity instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income - - - - - 3,075 - (3,075) - - - -
Cash dividends from subsidiaries - - - - - - - - - - (9,589) (9,589)
Changes in equity of subsidiary accounted for using the equity method - - - - - (198) - - - (198) - (198)
Cash dividends distributed to subsidiaries - - 3,402 - - - - - - 3,402 2 3,404
Changes in ownership interests in subsidiary - - 329 - - (2,172) - - - (1,843) 1,933 90
Conversion of convertible bonds - 96,246 464,535 - - - - - - 560,781 - 560,781
Bond conversion entitlement certificates converted to ordinary shares 154,250 (154,250) - - - - - - - - - -
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2024 2,675,437 435 985,582 333,094 448,977 1,362,388 265 (11,643) (30,866) 5,763,669 103,236 5,866,905
Appropriation of the 2024 earnings
Legal reserve appropriated - - - 83,414 - (83,414) - - - - - -
Cash dividends - - - - - (455,046) - - - (455,046) - (455,046)
Stock dividends 53,535 - - - - (53,535) - - - - - -
Net income in 2025 - - - - - 893,312 - - - 893,312 13,894 907,206
Other comprehensive income and loss in 2025, net of income tax - - - - - 17,009 8,324 (23,105) - 2,228 2,541 4,769
Total comprehensive income in 2025 - - - - - 910,321 8,324 (23,105) - 895,540 16,435 911,975
Reversal of special reserve - - - - (803) 803 - - - - - -
Equity components of convertible bonds issued by the Company - - 116,242 - - - - - - 116,242 - 116,242
Disposal of investments in equity instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income - - - - - 130 - (130) - - - -
Cash dividends from subsidiaries - - - - - - - - - - (5,601) (5,601)
Changes in equity of subsidiary accounted for using the equity method - - 108 - - - - - - 108 22 130
Cash dividends distributed to subsidiaries - - 3,729 - - - - - - 3,729 3 3,732
Changes in ownership interests in subsidiary - - - - - - - - - - (40,815) (40,815)
Conversion of convertible bonds - 1,678 7,958 - - - - - - 9,636 - 9,636
Bond conversion entitlement certificates converted to ordinary shares 2,113 (2,113) - - - - - - - - - -
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2025 $ 2,731,085 $ - $ 1,113,619 $ 416,508 $ 448,174 $ 1,681,647 $ 8,589 $(34,878) $(30,866) $ 6,333,878 $ 73,280 $ 6,407,158

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
(With Earnest & Co., CPAs auditors' report dated March 12, 2026)

~ 3 ~


Allis Electric Co., Ltd. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024
(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)

2025 2024
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Income before income tax $ 1,135,477 $ 992,057
Adjustments for
Adjustments to reconcile profit (loss)
Depreciation expense 72,669 63,411
Amortization expense 11,374 5,352
Expected credit impairment loss (gain) 12,926 (5,923)
Net gain on financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss (8,273) (5,052)
Interest expense 59,847 43,853
Interest income (15,796) (7,187)
Dividend income (8,137) (5,545)
Share of profit of associates accounted for using equity method (60,281) (71,197)
Net loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment 703 386
Net gain on disposal of other assets (334)
Unrealized (realized) gross profit on sales (469) 1,347
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Change in fair value of financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss (781) 154
Increase in contract assets (602,564) (341,403)
Decrease in notes receivable 31,029 115,461
Decrease in notes receivable from related parties 7,837
Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable (698,133) 308,632
Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable from related parties (82,721) 18,664
Decrease in other receivables 12,441 30,068
Decrease in inventories 181,309 277,737
Increase in prepayments (55,190) (9,897)
Decrease (increase) in other current assets 4,198 (1,933)
Increase in net defined benefit asset (6,808) (18,926)
Increase (decrease) in contract liabilities 205,650 (92,532)
Increase in notes payable 41,860 2,176
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable 373,490 (265,819)
Decrease in accounts payable to related parties (1,069) (69,826)
Increase (decrease) in other payables 61,772 (79,364)
Increase (decrease) in other current liabilities 43 (893)
Cash inflow generated from operations 664,232 891,638
Income tax paid (175,550) (197,968)
Net cash generated from operating activities 488,682 693,670

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Allis Electric Co., Ltd. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024
(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)

2025 2024
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Acquisition of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (13,500)
Acquisition of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (9,020) (27,093)
Proceeds from disposal of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income 1,055 12,714
Proceeds from disposal of partial interest in a subsidiary 930
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment (75,596) (130,334)
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment 88
Acquisition of intangible assets (20,891) (24,872)
Decrease (increase) in prepayments for equipment (16,694) 4,635
Increase in refundable deposits (20,909) (5,499)
Decrease in other receivables 13,081 6
Interest received 15,373 7,178
Cash dividend received 38,137 56,547
Others 334
Net cash flows used in investing activities (88,542) (105,788)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES :
Increase in short-term loans 8,214,665 10,198,184
Decrease in short-term loans (8,586,456) (10,152,184)
Proceeds from issuance of convertible bonds 1,200,713
Increase in long-term loans 35,000
Decrease in long-term loans (29,444) (30,130)
Repayment of the principal portion of lease liabilities (3,705) (4,430)
Increase in guarantee deposits 527 3
Interest paid (36,411) (41,062)
Cash dividends paid (456,915) (420,805)
Proceeds from disposal of treasury stock 91,977
Acquisition of subsidiary (40,815)
Others (7)
Net cash flows generated from (used in) financing activities 262,159 (323,454)
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 8,692 7,735
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 670,991 272,163
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF THE YEAR 1,023,242 751,079
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF THE YEAR $ 1,694,233 $ 1,023,242

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
(With Earnest & Co., CPAs auditors' report dated March 12, 2026)

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Allis Electric Co., Ltd. and Subsidiaries
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024
(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars, Unless Stated Otherwise)

1. GENERAL

Allis Electric Co., Ltd. (the "Company") was incorporated in September 1968. Allis Electric Co., Ltd. and Subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the "Group" is engaged in manufacturing and selling of switchgear, transformer, electrical products, and construction and installation of electrical equipment. Please refer to Note 4(2) and 14.

The consolidated financial statements are presented in the Company's functional currency, the New Taiwan dollar.

2. APPROVAL DATE AND PROCEDURES OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The consolidated financial statements were approved by the Company's board of directors on March 12, 2026.

3. APPLICATION OF NEW, AMENDED AND REVISED STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS

(1) Initial application of the amendments to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), International Accounting Standards (IAS), IFRIC Interpretations (IFRIC), and SIC Interpretations (SIC) (collectively, the "IFRS Accounting Standards") endorsed and issued into effect by the Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC)

The initial application of the IFRS Accounting Standards endorsed and issued into effect by the FSC did not have any material impact on the Company's accounting policies.

(2) The IFRS Accounting Standards endorsed by the FSC for application starting from 2026

New, Amended and Revised Standards and Interpretations Effective Date Announced by IASB
Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7 “Amendments to the Classification and Measurement of Financial Instruments” January 1, 2026
Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7 “Contracts Referencing Nature-Dependent Electricity” January 1, 2026
Annual Improvements to IFRS Accounting Standards-Volume 11 January 1, 2026
IFRS 17 “Insurance Contracts” (including the 2020 and 2021 amendments to IFRS 17) January 1, 2023

As of the date the consolidated financial statements were authorized for issue, the Group has assessed that the application of aforementioned standards and interpretations will not have a material impact on the Group's financial position and financial performance.

(3) The IFRS Accounting Standards in issue but not yet endorsed and issued into effect by the FSC

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New, Amended and Revised Standards and Interpretations
Effective Date Announced by IASB

Amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28 “Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or Joint Venture” To be determined by IASB
IFRS 18 ” Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements” January 1, 2027
IFRS 19 ” Subsidiaries without Public Accountability: Disclosure” January 1, 2027
Amendments to IAS 21 “Translation to a Hyperinflationary Presentation Currency” January 1, 2027

IFRS 18 “Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements”

IFRS 18 will supersede IAS 1 “Presentation of Financial Statements”. The main changes comprise:

  • Items of income and expenses included in the statement of profit or loss shall be classified into the operating, investing, financing, income taxes and discontinued operations categories.
  • The statement of profit or loss shall present totals and subtotals for operating profit or loss, profit or loss before financing and income taxes and profit or loss.
  • Provides guidance to enhance the requirements of aggregation and disaggregation: The Group shall identify the assets, liabilities, equity, income, expenses and cash flows that arise from individual transactions or other events and shall classify and aggregate them into groups based on shared characteristics, so as to result in the presentation in the primary financial statements of line items that have at least one similar characteristic. The Group shall disaggregate items with dissimilar characteristics in the primary financial statements and in the notes. The Group labels items as “other” only if it cannot find a more informative label.
  • Disclosures on Management-defined Performance Measures (MPMs): When in public communications outside financial statements and communicating to users of financial statements management’s view of an aspect of the financial performance of the Group as a whole, the Group shall disclose related information about its MPMs in a single note to the financial statements, including the description of such measures, calculations, reconciliations to the subtotal or total specified by IFRS Accounting Standards and the income tax and non-controlling interests effects of related reconciliation items.

Except for the above-mentioned impacts, as of the date the consolidated financial statements were authorized for issue, the Group is continuously assessing the possible impact that the application of the aforementioned standards and interpretations will have on the Group’s financial position and financial performance and will disclose the relevant impact when the assessment is completed.

4. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

(1) Statement of compliance

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Regulations Governing the Preparation of Financial Reports by Securities Issuers and IFRS Accounting Standards as endorsed and issued into effect by the FSC.

(2) Basis of consolidation

a. The basis of the consolidated financial statements

The consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the Company and the entities controlled by the Company. Income and expenses of


subsidiaries acquired or disposed of during the period are included in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income from the effective date of acquisition or up to the effective date of disposal, as appropriate. When necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies into line with those used by the Group. All intra-group transactions, balances, income and expenses are eliminated in full upon consolidation. Total comprehensive income of subsidiaries is attributed to the owners of the Company and to the non-controlling interests even if this results in the non-controlling interests having a deficit balance.

Changes in the Group's ownership interests in subsidiaries that do not result in the Group losing control over the subsidiaries are accounted for as equity transactions. The carrying amounts of the Group's interests and the non-controlling interests are adjusted to reflect the changes in their relative interests in the subsidiaries. Any difference between the amount by which the non-controlling interests are adjusted and the fair value of the consideration paid or received is recognized directly in equity and attributed to the owners of the Company.

When the Group loses control of a subsidiary, a gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss and is calculated as the difference between (i) the aggregate of the fair value of the consideration received and any investment retained in the former subsidiary at its fair value at the date when control is lost and (ii) the assets (including any goodwill) and liabilities and any non-controlling interests of the former subsidiary at their carrying amounts at the date when control is lost. The Group accounts for all amounts recognized in other comprehensive income in relation to that subsidiary on the same basis as would be required if the Group had directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities.

b. The subsidiaries in the consolidated financial statements

Name of Subsidiaries Principle Businesses Activities Location Percentage of Ownership
2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Air King Industrial Co., Ltd. Design and installation of electrical equipment Taipei, Taiwan 83.12% 83.12%
Ares Technology Co., Ltd. Manufacturing of UPS New Taipei City, Taiwan 100.00% 100.00%
Yishun Investment Co., Ltd. Investment and holding Taipei, Taiwan 99.94% 99.94%
Allis Communications Co., Ltd. Manufacturing of GPS antennas New Taipei City, Taiwan 82.64% 82.64%
Hengyuan Allis Electric Co., Ltd. Selling of electrical equipment Qingdao, China 100.00% 65.38%
AEC International S.r.l. Selling of electrical equipment Italy 70.00% 70.00%
PHD Powerhouse Distributions (PTY) Ltd. Selling of electrical equipment South Africa 93.75% 93.75%
Allis Electric (S) Pte. Ltd. Selling of electrical equipment Singapore 100.00% 100.00%

(3) Foreign currencies

In preparing the financial statements of each individual group entity, transactions in currencies other than the entity's functional currency (foreign currencies) are recognized at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at that date. Exchange differences on monetary items arising from settlement or translation are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they arise.


Non-monetary items measured at fair value that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined. Exchange differences arising from the retranslation of non-monetary items are included in profit or loss for the period except for exchange differences arising from the retranslation of non-monetary items in respect of which gains and losses are recognized directly in other comprehensive income, in which case, the exchange differences are also recognized directly in other comprehensive income.

Non-monetary items that are measured at historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated.

For the purpose of presenting consolidated financial statements, the assets and liabilities of the Company's foreign operations (including subsidiaries and associates in other countries that use currency different from the currency of the Company) are translated into the New Taiwan dollars using exchange rates prevailing at the end of each reporting period. Income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates for the period. Exchange differences arising, if any, are recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity (attributed to the owners of the Company and non-controlling interests as appropriate).

(4) Classification of current and non-current assets and liabilities

Current assets include:

a. Assets held primarily for the purpose of trading;
b. Assets expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting period; and
c. Cash and cash equivalents unless the asset is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

Current liabilities include:

a. Liabilities held primarily for the purpose of trading;
b. Liabilities due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, even if an agreement to refinance or to reschedule payments on a long-term basis is completed after the reporting period and before the consolidated financial statements are authorized for issue; and
c. Liabilities for which the Group does not have the right at the end of the reporting period to defer settlement beyond twelve months.

Assets and liabilities that are not classified as current are classified as non-current.

The Group engages in the construction business, which has an operating cycle of over one year, the normal operating cycle applies when considering the classification of the Group's construction-related assets and liabilities.

(5) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and that are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Cash and cash equivalents are cash on hand, checking accounts and demand deposit, and short-term time deposits with original maturities less than one year.

(6) Financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.

Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at FVTPL) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to

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the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at FVTPL are recognized immediately in profit or loss.

Financial assets

All regular way purchases or sales of financial assets are recognized and derecognized on a trade date basis. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the time frame established by regulation or convention in the marketplace.

a. Measurement categories

Financial assets are classified into the following categories: Financial assets at FVTPL, financial assets at amortized cost and investments in equity instruments at FVTOCI.

① Financial assets at FVTPL

Financial assets are classified as at FVTPL when the financial asset is mandatorily classified as at FVTPL. Financial assets mandatorily classified as at FVTPL include investments in equity instruments which are not designated as at FVTOCI and debt instruments that do not meet the amortized cost criteria or the FVTOCI criteria.

Financial assets at FVTPL are subsequently measured at fair value, and any remeasurement gains or losses on such financial assets are recognized in profit or loss.

② Financial assets at amortized cost

Financial assets that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at amortized cost:

i. The financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows; and
ii. The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Subsequent to initial recognition, financial assets at amortized cost are measured at amortized cost, which equals to their gross carrying amount determined by the effective interest method less any impairment loss. Exchange differences are recognized in profit or loss.

③ Investments in equity instruments at FVTOCI

On initial recognition, the Group may make an irrevocable election to designate investments in equity instruments as at FVTOCI. Designation as at FVTOCI is not permitted if the equity investment is held for trading or if it is contingent consideration recognized by an acquirer in a business combination.

Investments in equity instruments at FVTOCI are subsequently measured at fair value with gains and losses arising from changes in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in other equity. The cumulative gain or loss will not be reclassified to profit or loss on disposal of the equity investments, instead, they will be transferred to retained earnings.

Dividends on these investments in equity instruments are recognized in profit or loss when the Group's right to receive the dividends is established, unless the dividends clearly represent a recovery of part of the cost of the investment.

b. Impairment of financial assets

At the end of each reporting period, the Group recognizes a loss allowance for

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expected credit losses on financial assets at amortized cost (including accounts receivable).

The Group always recognizes lifetime expected credit losses (ECLs) for accounts receivable. For all other financial assets, if the credit risk on a financial instrument has not increased significantly since initial recognition, the Group measures the loss allowance at an amount equal to 12-month ECLs. If the credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition, the Group recognizes lifetime ECLs.

Expected credit losses reflect the weighted average of credit losses with the respective risks of a default occurring as the weights. 12-month ECLs represent the portion of lifetime ECLs that is expected to result from default events on a financial instrument that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date. In contrast, Lifetime ECLs represent the expected credit losses that will result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument.

The impairment loss of all financial assets is recognized in profit or loss by a reduction in their carrying amounts through a loss allowance account, except for investments in debt instruments that are measured at FVTOCI, for which the loss allowance is recognized in other comprehensive income and the carrying amounts of such financial assets are not reduced.

c. Derecognition of financial assets

The Group derecognizes a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party.

On derecognition of a financial asset at amortized cost in its entirety, the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognized in profit or loss. On derecognition of an investment in an equity instrument at FVTOCI, the cumulative gain or loss which had been recognized in other comprehensive income is transferred directly to retained earnings, without recycling through profit or loss.

Equity instruments

Debt and equity instruments issued by the Group entity are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.

Equity instruments issued by the Group entity are recognized at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

The repurchase of the Company's own equity instruments is recognized in and deducted directly from equity. No gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Company's own equity instruments.

Financial liabilities

a. Subsequent measurement

Financial liabilities are subsequently measured either at amortized cost using effective interest method or at FVTPL.

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognized in profit or loss.

b. Derecognition of financial liabilities

The Group derecognizes financial liabilities when, and only when, the Group's obligations are discharged, cancelled or they expire. The difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability derecognized and the consideration paid,

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including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed, is recognized in profit or loss.

Convertible bonds

The component parts of compound instruments (i.e., convertible bonds) issued by the Company are classified separately as financial liabilities and equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.

On initial recognition, the fair value of the liability component is estimated using the prevailing market interest rate for similar non-convertible instruments. This amount is recorded as a liability on an amortized cost basis using the effective interest method until extinguished upon conversion or upon the instrument's maturity date. Any embedded derivative liability is measured at fair value.

The conversion option classified as equity is determined by deducting the amount of the liability component from the fair value of the compound instrument as a whole. This is recognized and included in equity, net of income tax effects, and is not subsequently remeasured. In addition, the conversion option classified as equity will remain in equity until the conversion option is exercised; in which case, the balance recognized in equity will be transferred to capital surplus – share premiums. When the conversion option remains unexercised at maturity, the balance recognized in equity will be transferred to capital surplus – share premiums.

Transaction costs that relate to the issuance of the convertible bonds are allocated to the liability and equity components in proportion to the allocation of the gross proceeds. Transaction costs relating to the equity component are recognized directly in equity. Transaction costs relating to the liability component are included in the carrying amount of the liability component.

Derivative financial instruments

The Group enters into the foreign exchange forward contracts to manage its exposure to foreign exchange rate risks.

Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value at the date on which the derivative contracts are entered into and are subsequently remeasured to their fair value at the end of each reporting period. The resulting gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss immediately. When the fair value of a derivative financial instrument is positive, the derivative is recognized as a financial asset; when the fair value of a derivative financial instrument is negative, the derivative is recognized as a financial liability.

(7) Inventories

Inventories consist of raw materials, finished goods and work-in-process and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Inventory write-downs are made by item, except where it may be appropriate to group similar or related items. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price of inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale. Inventories are recorded at the weighted-average cost on the balance sheet date.

(8) Investments accounted for using equity method

An associate is an entity over which the Group has significant influence and that is not a subsidiary. Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee but is not control over those policies.

The Group uses the equity method to account for its investments in associates. Under the equity method, investments in an associate are initially recognized at cost and adjusted thereafter to recognize the Group's share of the profit or loss and other comprehensive income of the associate as well as the distribution received. The Group

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also recognizes the changes in the Group's share of equity of associates. When the Group's share of losses of an associate equals or exceeds its interest in that associate (which includes any carrying amount of the investment accounted for by the equity method and long-term interests that, in substance, form part of the Group's net investment in the associate), the Group discontinues recognizing its share of further losses, if any. Additional losses and liabilities are recognized only to the extent that the Group has incurred legal obligations, or constructive obligations, or made payments on behalf of that associate.

Any excess of the cost of acquisition over the Group's share of the net fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities of an associate at the date of acquisition is recognized as goodwill, which is included within the carrying amount of the investment and is not amortized. Any excess of the Group's share of the net fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities over the cost acquisition, after reassessment, this is recognized immediately in profit or loss.

The entire carrying amount of the investment (including goodwill) is tested for impairment as a single asset by comparing its recoverable amount (higher of value in use and fair value less costs to sell) with its carrying amount. Any impairment loss recognized forms part of the carrying amount of the investment. Any reversal of that impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the recoverable amount of the investment subsequently increases.

When the Group subscribes to additional shares in an associate at a percentage different from its existing ownership percentage, the resulting carrying amount of the investment differs from the amount of the Group's proportionate interest in the net assets of the associate. The Group records such a difference as an adjustment to investments accounted for using equity method with the corresponding amount charged or credited to capital surplus. If the Group's ownership interest is reduced due to the additional subscription of the new shares of associate, the proportionate amount of the gains or losses previously recognized in other comprehensive income in relation to that associate is reclassified to profit or loss on the same basis as would be required if the associate had directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities. When the adjustment should be debited to capital surplus, but the capital surplus recognized from investments accounted for by the equity method is insufficient, the shortage is debited to retained earnings.

The Group discontinues the use of the equity method from the date on which its investment ceases to be an associate. Any retained investment is measured at fair value at that date and the fair value is regarded as its fair value on initial recognition as a financial asset. The difference between the previous carrying amount of the associate attributable to the retained interest and its fair value is included in the determination of the gain or loss on disposal of the associate. The Group accounts for all amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income in relation to that associate on the same basis as would be required if that associate had directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities.

When a group entity transacts with its associate, profits and losses resulting from the transactions with the associate are recognized in the Group's consolidated financial statements only to the extent of interests in the associate that are not related to the Group.

(9) Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss.

Property, plant and equipment in the course of construction are carried at cost, less any recognized impairment loss. Cost includes professional fees and borrowing costs eligible for capitalization. Such properties are depreciated and classified to the appropriate categories of property, plant and equipment when completed and ready for

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intended use.

Freehold land is not depreciated.

Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is recognized using the straight-line method. Each significant part is depreciated separately. The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.

On derecognition of an item of property, plant and equipment, the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognized in profit or loss.

(10) Leases

a. The Group as lessee

The Group recognizes right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for all leases at the commencement date of a lease, except for low-value asset leases and short-term leases accounted for applying a recognition exemption where lease payments are recognized as expenses on a straight-line basis over the lease terms.

Right-of-use assets are initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial measurement of lease liabilities adjusted for lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs needed to restore the underlying assets, and less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses and adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liabilities. Right-of-use assets are presented on a separate line in the consolidated balance sheets.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement dates to the earlier of the end of the useful lives of the right-of-use assets or the end of the lease terms.

Lease liabilities are initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, which comprise fixed payments, in-substance fixed payments, variable lease payments which depend on an index or a rate. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in a lease, if that rate can be readily determined. If that rate cannot be readily determined, the Group uses the lessee's incremental borrowing rate.

Subsequently, lease liabilities are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, with interest expense recognized over the lease terms. When there is a change in a lease term or a change in future lease payments resulting from a change in an index or a rate used to determine those payments, the Group remeasures the lease liabilities with a corresponding adjustment to the right-of-use-assets. However, if the carrying amount of the right-of-use assets is reduced to zero, any remaining amount of the remeasurement is recognized in profit or loss. Lease liabilities are presented on a separate line in the consolidated balance sheets.

b. The Group as lessor

Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of a lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

Lease income from operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the lease. Initial direct costs incurred in obtaining operating leases are added to the carrying amounts of the underlying assets and recognized as expenses on a straight-line basis over the lease terms.

(11) Investment properties

Investment properties are properties held to earn rentals and/or for capital appreciation. Investment properties also include land held for a currently undetermined

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future use.

Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss. Depreciation on buildings is recognized using the straight-line method.

On derecognition of an investment property, the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is included in profit or loss.

(12) Intangible assets

Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment loss. Amortization is recognized on a straight-line basis. The estimated useful life, residual value, and amortization method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis. The residual value of an intangible asset with a finite useful life shall be assumed to be zero unless the Group expects to dispose of the intangible asset before the end of its economic life.

On derecognition of an intangible asset, the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognized in profit or loss.

(13) Impairment of property, plant and equipment, right-of-use assets, investment properties and intangible assets other than goodwill

At the end of each reporting period, the Group reviews the carrying amounts of its property, plant and equipment, right-of-use assets, investment properties and other intangible assets, excluding goodwill, to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss. When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Group estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. Corporate assets are allocated to the individual cash-generating units on a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation.

The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. If the recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset or cash-generating unit is reduced to its recoverable amount, with the resulting impairment loss recognized in profit or loss.

When an impairment loss is subsequently reversed, the carrying amount of the asset or cash-generating unit is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but only to the extent of the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset or cash-generating unit in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss.

(14) Retirement benefits

Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit plans are recognized as expenses when employees have rendered services entitling them to the contributions.

Defined benefit costs (including service cost, net interest and remeasurement) under the defined benefit retirement benefit plans are determined using the projected unit credit method. Service cost (including current service cost, past service cost and gains or losses on settlements) and interest on the net defined benefit liability (asset) are recognized as employee benefits expense in the period they occur. Remeasurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets (excluding interest), is recognized in other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurement recognized in other comprehensive income is reflected immediately in retained earnings and will not be reclassified to profit or loss.

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Net defined benefit liability (asset) represents the actual deficit (surplus) in the Group’s defined benefit plan. Any surplus resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of any refunds from the plans or reductions in future contributions to the plans.

(15) Provisions

Provisions are measured at the best estimate of the discounted cash flows of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation.

(16) Revenue Recognition

The Group identifies the performance obligations in the contract with the customers, allocates transaction price to each performance obligation and recognizes revenue when performance obligations are satisfied.

a. Revenue from sale of goods

Revenue from sale of goods comes from sales of transformer, switchgear, transmission and distribution apparatus and electrical equipment. Sales of goods are recognized as revenue when the goods are delivered to the customer’s specific location or shipped because it is the time when the customer has full discretion over the manner of distribution and price to sell the goods, has the primary responsibility for sales to future customers and bears the risks of obsolescence. Revenue and accounts receivables are recognized concurrently. Advance receipts received before the merchandise has been transferred are recognized as a contract liability.

b. Construction contract revenue

Customers control construction contract while they are construction in progress, and thus, the Group recognizes revenue over time. The Group measures the progress on the basis of costs incurred relative to the total expected costs as there is a direct relationship between the costs incurred and the progress of satisfying the performance obligations. Contract assets are recognized during the construction and are reclassified to accounts receivables at the point at which the customer is invoiced. If the milestone payments exceed the revenue recognized to date, then the Group recognizes contract liabilities for the difference. Certain payments, which are retained by the customer as specified in the contract, are intended to ensure that the Group adequately completes all of its contractual obligations. Such retention receivables are recognized as contract assets until the Group satisfies its performance obligations.

(17) Taxation

Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

a. Current tax

According to the Income Tax Law of the Republic of China, an additional tax on unappropriated earnings is provided for as income tax in the year the shareholders approve to retain earnings.

Adjustments of prior years’ tax liabilities are added to or deducted from the current year’s tax provision.

b. Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences, unused loss

~ 16 ~


carryforwards and unused tax credits to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilized.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and associates, except where the Group is able to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising from deductible temporary differences associated with such investments and interests are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profits against which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. A previously unrecognized deferred tax asset is also reviewed at the end of each reporting period and recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profit will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the asset realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

c. Current and deferred tax

Current and deferred taxes are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity; in which case, the current and deferred taxes are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

  1. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGMENTS AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY

In the application of the Group’s accounting policies, management is required to make judgments, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

Estimated impairment of accounts receivable

The provision for impairment of account receivable is based on assumptions about risk of default and expected loss. The Group uses judgment in making these assumptions and in selecting the inputs to the impairment calculation, based on the Group’s historical experience, existing market conditions as well as forward looking estimates as of the end of each reporting period. Where the actual future cash inflows are less than expected, a material impairment loss may arise.

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the carrying amounts of accounts receivable were NT$4,610,295 thousand and NT$3,832,658 thousand, respectively.

~ 17 ~


6. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTS DISCLOSURES

(1) Cash and cash equivalents

2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Petty cash and cash on hand $ 1,544 $ 1,484
Checking accounts and demand deposits 1,391,450 999,008
Cash equivalents
(Time deposits with original maturities less than one year) 301,239 22,750
Total $ 1,694,233 $ 1,023,242

(2) Financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Financial assets 2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Financial assets mandatorily classified as at FVTPL
Redemption and put options of convertible bonds $ — $ 69
Foreign exchange forward contracts 3,058
Limited Partnership 13,500
$ 16,558 $ 69
Current $ 3,058 $ 69
Non-current $ 13,500 $ —
Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities mandatorily classified as at FVTPL
Foreign exchange forward contracts $ — $ (98)
Redemption and put options of convertible bonds (7,800)
$ (7,800) $ (98)

a. The Group entered into foreign exchange forward contracts to manage exposures to exchange rate fluctuations of foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities. However, these contracts did not meet the criteria for hedge effectiveness and, therefore, were not accounted for using hedge accounting.

b. Outstanding foreign exchange forward contracts consisted of the following:

Maturity Date Contract Amount
2025.12.31
Sell NTD/Buy USD 2026.1.30-2026.09.30 USD 3,960 /NTD 120,530
2024.12.31
Sell NTD/Buy CNY 2024.10.22-2025.02.20 CNY 3,500 /NTD 15,791

(3) Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Listed shares $ 135,968 $ 142,350
Unlisted shares 122,134 131,038
Total $ 258,102 $ 273,388

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, FVTOCI were not pledged as collateral for bank borrowings.

(4) Notes receivable and accounts receivable

2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Notes receivable $ 64,982 $ 95,882
Less: Allowance for impairment loss (319) (485)
Notes receivable, net $ 64,663 $ 95,397
Accounts receivable $ 4,624,035 $ 3,938,674
Less: Unrealized interest income (7,567) (35,800)
Allowance for impairment loss (101,824) (83,146)
Accounts receivable, net $ 4,514,644 $ 3,819,728
Accounts receivable from related parties $ 95,651 $ 12,930

The Group applies the simplified approach to allowing for expected credit losses prescribed by IFRS 9, which permits the use of lifetime expected loss allowances for all accounts receivables. The expected credit losses on accounts receivables are estimated with reference to past default experiences of the debtor and an analysis of the debtor's current financial position, adjusted for general economic conditions of the industry in which the debtors operate and an assessment of both the current as well as the forecasted direction of economic conditions at the reporting date.

All notes receivable were not past due.

The following table details the loss allowance of accounts receivables:

2025.12.31

Not Past Due Past Due 0-3 Months Past Due 3-6 Months Past Due 6-9 Months Past Due 9-12 Months Past Due 1-2 years Past Due Over 2 years Total
Gross carrying amount $ 2,736,723 $1,114,814 $ 329,113 $ 245,575 $ 170,244 $ 66,541 $ 59,551 $ 4,722,561
Loss allowance (34,323) (25,900) (15,164) (9,209) (7,946) (3,327) (5,955) (101,824)
Amortized cost $ 2,702,400 $1,088,914 $ 313,949 $ 236,366 $ 162,298 $ 63,214 $ 53,596 $ 4,620,737

2024.12.31

Not Past Due Past Due 0-3 Months Past Due 3-6 Months Past Due 6-9 Months Past Due 9-12 Months Past Due 1-2 years Past Due Over 2 years Total
Gross carrying amount $ 2,476,307 $ 900,502 $ 237,206 $ 170,041 $ 87,058 $ 41,795 $ 38,695 $ 3,951,604
Loss allowance (4,955) (6,987) (4,482) (22,551) (11,523) (11,294) (21,354) (83,146)
Amortized cost $ 2,471,352 $ 893,515 $ 232,724 $ 147,490 $ 75,535 $ 30,501 $ 17,341 $ 3,868,458

The movements of the loss allowance of notes receivable and accounts receivables were as follows:

2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Balance, beginning of the year $ 83,631 $ 97,297
Loss allowance recognized (reversal) 12,926 (5,923)
Amounts recovered 5,868
Amounts written off (400) (8,004)
Effect of foreign currency exchange differences 118 261
Balance, end of the year $ 102,143 $ 83,631

(5) Other receivables, net

2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Pledged time deposits $ 4,812 $ 4,734
Loan receivable 7,385 20,466
Restricted deposit 10,410 9,863
Others 11,492 23,575
Other receivables, net $ 34,099 $ 58,638
Current $ 33,659 $ 58,231
Non-current 440 407
Total $ 34,099 $ 58,638

(6) Inventories

2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Finished goods $ 529,467 $ 427,831
Work-in-process 341,406 475,426
Raw materials 1,301,379 1,414,346
Inventory in transit 28,077 56,745
Inventories, net $ 2,200,329 $ 2,374,348

For the cost of inventories recognized as cost of goods sold for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, please refer to Note 6(20).

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, write-down of inventories to net realizable value and reversal of write-down of inventories resulting from disposal of slowing-moving inventories were included in the cost of goods sold as follows:

Inventory losses (reversal of write-down of inventories) 2025 2024
$ (92) $ 287

As of the above-mentioned balance sheet date, inventory has not been pledged as collateral for bank loans.

~ 20 ~


(7) Investments accounted for using equity method

Name of Associates 2025.12.31 2024.12.31
% of Ownership Amount % of Ownership Amount
Nissin-Allis Electric Co., Ltd. 30.00% $ 321,698 30.00% $ 296,874
Nissin Allis Union Ion Equipment Co., Ltd. 40.00% 98,327 40.00% 92,327
AYM International Corporation 40.00% 40.00%
Intelici Corporation 29.16% 29.16%
Total $ 420,025 $ 389,201

The aforementioned associates were not listed companies and immaterial to the Group.

Aggregate information of associates that are not individually material:

2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Equity $ 1,326,325 $ 1,230,143
2025 2024
The Group’s share of :
Net income for the year $ 60,281 $ 71,197
Other comprehensive income 74 3,205
Total comprehensive income for the year $ 60,355 $ 74,402

(8) Property, plant and equipment

2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Land $ 797,517 $ 789,714
Buildings 694,309 708,202
Machinery and equipment 133,793 121,915
Transportation equipment 11,027 12,380
Other equipment 93,765 96,630
Construction in progress
Total carrying amounts $ 1,730,411 $ 1,728,841
Cost Land Buildings
--- --- ---
Balance at January 1, 2025 $ 789,714 $ 1,159,802
Additions 7,803 12,303
Disposals
Effect of foreign currency exchange differences
Balance at December 31, 2025 $ 797,517 $ 1,172,105

Accumulated depreciation and impairment Land Buildings Machinery and Equipment Transportation Equipment Other Equipment Construction in Progress Total
Balance at January 1, 2025 $ — $ 451,600 $ 424,865 $ 36,315 $ 119,285 $ — $ 1,032,065
Depreciation expense 26,196 24,174 2,653 13,749 66,772
Disposals (62,594) (1,649) (3,933) (68,176)
Effect of foreign currency exchange differences 1,303 13 296 1,612
Balance at December 31, 2025 $ — $ 477,796 $ 387,748 $ 37,332 $ 129,397 $ — $ 1,032,273
Carrying amounts at December 31, 2025 $ 797,517 $ 694,309 $ 133,793 $ 11,027 $ 93,765 $ — $ 1,730,411
Cost Land Buildings Machinery and Equipment Transportation Equipment Other Equipment Construction in Progress Total
Balance at January 1, 2024 $ 757,675 $ 870,735 $ 511,047 $ 47,680 $ 171,249 $ 285,537 $ 2,643,923
Additions 32,039 5,576 42,800 1,990 47,356 (4,711) 125,050
Disposals (7,135) (982) (3,506) (11,623)
Internal transfer 280,182 644 (280,826)
Transfer from investment properties 3,309 3,309
Effect of foreign currency exchange differences 68 7 172 247
Balance at December 31, 2024 $ 789,714 $ 1,159,802 $ 546,780 $ 48,695 $ 215,915 $ — $ 2,760,906
Accumulated depreciation and impairment
Balance at January 1, 2024 $ — $ 427,103 $ 411,573 $ 34,758 $ 110,970 $ — $ 984,404
Depreciation expense 23,011 20,351 2,514 11,357 57,233
Disposals (7,109) (964) (3,164) (11,237)
Transfer from investment properties 1,486 1,486
Effect of foreign currency exchange differences 50 7 122 179
Balance at December 31, 2024 $ — $ 451,600 $ 424,865 $ 36,315 $ 119,285 $ — $ 1,032,065
Carrying amounts at December 31, 2024 $ 789,714 $ 708,202 $ 121,915 $ 12,380 $ 96,630 $ — $ 1,728,841

a. The above items of property, plant and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives as follows:

Buildings 3-55 years

Machinery and equipment 3-13 years

Transportation equipment 5-13 years

Other equipment 3-13 years

b. For the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment pledged as collateral for bank borrowings, please refer to Note 8.

c. For the year ended December 31, 2024, capitalized interest was NT$1,324 thousand; the capitalization rate was 1.836%.

d. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the titles to farmland with carrying amounts of NT$46,006 thousand were temporarily registered under the names of Herr-Yeh Sung and Mei-Qiu Sung, who had signed agreements and pledged the land to the Company.


(9) Right-of-use assets

2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Buildings $ 2,369 $ 2,987
Transportation equipment 1,009 1,041
Other equipment 5,006 5,086
Total carrying amounts $ 8,384 $ 9,114
Cost Buildings Transportation Equipment Other Equipment Total
Balance at January 1, 2025 $ 3,399 $ 2,325 $ 7,712 $ 13,436
Additions 476 2,505 2,981
Decrease (584) (2,457) (3,041)
Effect of foreign currency exchange differences 171 115 286
Balance at December 31, 2025 $ 3,399 $ 2,388 $ 7,875 $ 13,662
Accumulated depreciation
Balance at January 1, 2025 $ 412 $ 1,284 $ 2,626 $ 4,322
Depreciation expense 618 571 2,650 3,839
Decrease (584) (2,457) (3,041)
Effect of foreign currency exchange differences 108 50 158
Balance at December 31, 2025 $ 1,030 $ 1,379 $ 2,869 $ 5,278
Carrying amounts at December 31, 2025 $ 2,369 $ 1,009 $ 5,006 $ 8,384
Cost Buildings Transportation Equipment Other Equipment Total
Balance at January 1, 2024 $ — $ 2,138 $ 16,249 $ 18,387
Additions 3,399 640 5,264 9,303
Decrease (531) (13,858) (14,389)
Effect of foreign currency exchange differences 78 57 135
Balance at December 31, 2024 $ 3,399 $ 2,325 $ 7,712 $ 13,436
Accumulated depreciation
Balance at January 1, 2024 $ — $ 874 $ 13,490 $ 14,364
Depreciation expense 412 729 2,980 4,121
Decrease (370) (13,858) (14,228)
Effect of foreign currency exchange differences 51 14 65
Balance at December 31, 2024 $ 412 $ 1,284 $ 2,626 $ 4,322
Carrying amounts at December 31, 2024 $ 2,987 $ 1,041 $ 5,086 $ 9,114

~ 23 ~


(10) Investment properties

2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Land $ 308,269 $ 308,269
Buildings 37,196 39,254
Total carrying amounts $ 345,465 $ 347,523
Cost Land Buildings Total
Balance at January 1, 2025 $ 308,269 $ 70,768 $ 379,037
Additions
Balance at December 31, 2025 $ 308,269 $ 70,768 $ 379,037
Accumulated depreciation
Balance at January 1, 2025 $ — $ 31,514 $ 31,514
Depreciation expense 2,058 2,058
Balance at December 31, 2025 $ — $ 33,572 $ 33,572
Carrying amounts at December 31, 2025 $ 308,269 $ 37,196 $ 345,465
Cost Land Buildings Total
Balance at January 1, 2024 $ 308,269 $ 74,077 $ 382,346
Additions
Transfer to property, plant and equipment (3,309) (3,309)
Balance at December 31, 2024 $ 308,269 $ 70,768 $ 379,037
Accumulated depreciation
Balance at January 1, 2024 $ — $ 30,943 $ 30,943
Depreciation expense 2,057 2,057
Transfer to property, plant and equipment (1,486) (1,486)
Balance at December 31, 2024 $ — $ 31,514 $ 31,514
Carrying amounts at December 31, 2024 $ 308,269 $ 39,254 $ 347,523

a. The investment properties held by the Group are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of 45 to 60 years.
b. For the carrying amount of investment properties pledged as collateral for bank borrowings, please refer to Note 8.
c. The fair values of the investment properties owned by the Group were NT$687,988 thousand and NT$734,142 thousand as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The fair values of the investment properties were measured by management using the comparison approach with unobservable inputs (Level 3).

(11) Intangible assets

2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Computer software $ 8,248 $ 8,649
Other intangible assets 28,221 18,249
Total carrying amounts $ 36,469 $ 26,898

Cost Computer Software Other Intangible Assets Total
Balance at January 1, 2025 $ 50,212 $ 77,571 $ 127,783
Additions 2,195 18,696 20,891
Decrease (1,269) (1,269)
Effect of foreign currency exchange differences 2 3,045 3,047
Balance at December 31, 2025 $ 51,140 $ 99,312 $ 150,452
Accumulated amortization
Balance at January 1, 2025 $ 41,563 $ 59,322 $ 100,885
Amortization expense 2,596 8,778 11,374
Decrease (1,269) (1,269)
Effect of foreign currency exchange differences 2 2,991 2,993
Balance at December 31, 2025 $ 42,892 $ 71,091 $ 113,983
Carrying amounts at December 31, 2025 $ 8,248 $ 28,221 $ 36,469
Cost Computer Software Other Intangible Assets Total
Balance at January 1, 2024 $ 45,102 $ 73,642 $ 118,744
Additions 9,046 15,826 24,872
Decrease (4,072) (11,896) (15,968)
Effect of foreign currency exchange differences 136 (1) 135
Balance at December 31, 2024 $ 50,212 $ 77,571 $ 127,783
Accumulated amortization
Balance at January 1, 2024 $ 43,403 $ 67,986 $ 111,389
Amortization expense 2,230 3,122 5,352
Decrease (4,072) (11,896) (15,968)
Effect of foreign currency exchange differences 2 110 112
Balance at December 31, 2024 $ 41,563 $ 59,322 $ 100,885
Carrying amounts at December 31, 2024 $ 8,649 $ 18,249 $ 26,898

The above items of intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives as follows:

Computer software
2-7 years

Other intangible assets
3-10 years

(12) Retirement benefit plans

a. Defined contribution plans

The Company and domestic subsidiaries adopted a pension plan under the R.O.C. Labor Pension Act (the "LPA"), which is a state-managed defined contribution plan. Under the LPA, an entity makes monthly contributions to employees' individual pension accounts at 6% of monthly salaries and wages. For employee benefit expenses under the defined contribution plan for the years ended


December 31, 2025 and 2024, please refer to Note 6(24).

b. Defined benefit plans

The defined benefit plan adopted by the Company and certain domestic subsidiaries in accordance with the R.O.C. Labor Standards Law is operated by the government. Pension benefits are calculated on the basis of the length of service and average monthly salaries of the 6 months before retirement. Except Air King Industrial Co., Ltd. has terminated the pension contribution from 2011, the Company and Ares Technology Co., Ltd. contribute amounts equal to 2%, of total monthly salaries and wages to a pension fund administered by the pension fund monitoring committee. Pension contributions are deposited in the Bank of Taiwan in the committee's name. Before the end of each year, the Group assesses the balance in the pension fund. If the amount of the balance in the pension fund is inadequate to pay retirement benefits for employees who conform to retirement requirements in the next year, the Group is required to fund the difference in one appropriation that should be made before the end of March of the following year. The pension fund is managed by the Bureau of Labor Funds, Ministry of Labor ("the Bureau"); the Group has no right to influence the investment policy and strategy.

The amounts included in the consolidated balance sheets in respect of the Group's defined benefit plans were as follows:

2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Present value of defined benefit obligation $ (399,974) $ (403,481)
Fair value of plan assets 465,207 440,827
Net defined benefit assets $ 65,233 $ 37,346

Movements in the present value of the defined benefit obligation were as follows:

2025 2024
Balance, beginning of year $ 403,481 $ 418,112
Current service cost 148 245
Interest expense 5,996 4,586
Remeasurement
Actuarial loss (gain) - changes in financial assumptions 2,944 (6,616)
Actuarial loss - experience adjustments 7,267 14,795
Benefits paid (19,862) (27,641)
Balance, end of year $ 399,974 $ 403,481

Movements in the fair value of the plan assets were as follows:

2025 2024
Balance, beginning of year $ 440,827 $ 406,975
Interest income 6,677 4,548
Remeasurement
Return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest) 31,290 37,736
Contributions from employer 6,275 19,209
Benefits paid (19,862) (27,641)
Balance, end of year $ 465,207 $ 440,827

For information on the utilization of the labor pension fund assets, including the yield of the fund and assets allocation, please refer to the website of the Bureau.

The pension costs of the defined benefit plans were recognized as follows:

2025 2024
Current service cost $ 148 $ 245
Net interest expense (income) (681) 38
Total $ (533) $ 283

Through the defined benefit plans under the Labor Standards Law, the Group is exposed to the following risks:

① Investment risk: The plan assets are invested in domestic and foreign equity and debt securities, bank deposits, etc. The investment is conducted at the discretion of the Bureau or under the mandated management. However, in accordance with relevant regulations, the return generated by plan assets should not be below the interest rate for a 2 year time deposit with local banks.

② Interest risk: A decrease in the government bond interest rate will increase the present value of the defined benefit obligation; however, this will be partially offset by an increase in the return on the plan's debt investments.

③ Salary risk: The present value of the defined benefit obligation is calculated by reference to the future salaries of plan participants. As such an increase in the salary of the plan participants will increase the present value of the defined benefit obligation.

The actuarial valuations of the present value of the defined benefit obligation were carried out by qualified actuaries. The significant assumptions used for the purposes of the actuarial valuations were as follows:

Measurement Date
2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Discount rate 1.3% 1.5%~1.6%
Expected rate of salary increase 0.5%~3.0% 0.5%~3.0%

If possible reasonable change in each of the significant actuarial assumptions will occur and all other assumptions will remain constant, the present value of the defined benefit obligation would increase (decrease) as follows:

2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Discount rates
0.1 % increase $ (1,535) $ (1,692)
0.1 % decrease 1,552 1,710
Expected rate of salary increase
0.1 % increase $ 1,261 $ 1,385
0.1 % decrease (1,251) (1,373)

~ 28 ~

2025.12.31 2024.12.31
The expected contributions to the plan for the next year $3,360 $15,300
The average duration of the defined benefit obligation 3.7~6.2 years 4.1~7.2 years

(13) Other assets

2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Golf club card $ 12,847 $ 12,847
Others 191 4,250
Less: Accumulated impairment (3,099) (3,099)
Total $ 9,939 $ 13,998
Current $ 191 $ 4,250
--- --- ---
Non-current 9,748 9,748
Total $ 9,939 $ 13,998

(14) Short-term loans

2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Purchase loans $ 18,288 $ —
Unsecured loans 1,380,000 1,040,000
Secured loans 200,000 930,000
Total $ 1,598,288 $ 1,970,000
Annual interest rate 1.82%~4.65% 1.875%~2.32%

(15) Provisions

Warranty provision 2025 2024
Balance, beginning of the year $ 12,100 $ 12,100
Provisions recognized 6,833 5,922
Utilized (6,833) (5,922)
Balance, end of the year $ 12,100 $ 12,100

Provisions were estimated based on historical experience, management judgment, and any known factors that would significantly affect the warranty.

(16) Bonds payable

2025.12.31 2024.12.31
2nd domestic unsecured convertible bonds $ 1,094,676 $ —
1st domestic unsecured convertible bonds 9,690
Bonds payable $ 1,094,676 $ 9,690

~ 29 ~

2nd domestic unsecured convertible bonds

On January 13, 2025, the Company issued its second domestic 5-year unsecured zero-coupon convertible bonds, comprising 12,000 units with a face value of NT$100 thousand each and a total principal amount of NT$1,200,000 thousand. The bonds were issued at 100.5% of their face value.

Bondholders are entitled to convert bonds into the Company's ordinary shares at price per share from April 14, 2025 (three months after the issuance date) to January 13, 2030 (the maturity date), except for the period of suspension of transfer stipulated by legal order or conversion measures. The conversion price was set at NT$ 113.2 per share, and the subsequent conversion price will be adjusted in accordance with the provisions of the issuance measures in case of ex-rights or ex-dividends in the issuance measures.

If the closing price of the Company's ordinary shares exceeds the conversion price by 30% or more for 30 consecutive trading days or the aggregate outstanding balance of bonds payable is less than 10% of the original issuance amount, the Company has the right to redeem the outstanding bonds payable at face value in cash during the period from April 14, 2025 (three months after the issuance date) to December 4, 2029 (40 days prior to the maturity date).

The bondholders have the right to require the Company to redeem any bonds in cash at 100.7519% of the face value on January 13, 2028 (the third anniversary of the issuance date).

The amount of the face value of the convertible bonds has to be fully paid off in cash at maturity by the Company.

The effective interest rate of the liability component was 2.305% per annum on initial recognition.

Amount
Proceeds from issuance (less transaction costs) $ 1,200,713
Equity component (less transaction costs allocated to the equity component) (116,242 )
Redemption and put options (13,680 )
Liability component at the date of issue (less transaction costs allocated to the liability component) 1,070,791
Interest charged at an effective interest 23,885
Liability component on December 31, 2025 $ 1,094,676

1st domestic unsecured convertible bonds.

On August 17, 2023, the Company issued its first domestic 5-year unsecured zero-coupon convertible bonds, comprising 10,000 units with a face value of NT$100 thousand each and a total principal amount of NT$1,000,000 thousand. The bonds were issued at 100.5% of their face value.

Bondholders are entitled to convert bonds into the Company's ordinary shares at price per share from November 18, 2023 (three months after the issuance date) to August 17, 2028 (the maturity date), except for the period of suspension of transfer stipulated by legal order or conversion measures. The conversion price was set at NT$ 67 per share, and the subsequent conversion price will be adjusted in accordance with the provisions of the issuance measures in case of ex-rights or ex-dividends in the issuance measures.


If the closing price of the Company’s ordinary shares exceeds the conversion price by 30% or more for 30 consecutive trading days or the aggregate outstanding balance of bonds payable is less than 10% of the original issuance amount, the Company has the right to redeem the outstanding bonds payable at face value in cash during the period from November 18, 2023 (three months after the issuance date) to July 8, 2028 (40 days prior to the maturity date).

The bondholders have the right to require the Company to redeem any bonds in cash at 100.7519% of the face value on August 17, 2026 (the third anniversary of the issuance date).

The amount of the face value of the convertible bonds has to be fully paid off in cash at maturity by the Company.

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the convertible bonds with face values of NT$1,000,000 thousand and NT$989,600 thousand, respectively, were converted to 15,636 thousand and 15,469 thousand ordinary shares.

The effective interest rate of the liability component was 1.972% per annum on initial recognition.

Amount
Proceeds from issuance (less transaction costs) $ 999,615
Equity component (less transaction costs allocated to the equity component) (83,247)
Redemption and put options (9,400)
Liability component at the date of issue (less transaction costs allocated to the liability component) 906,968
Interest charged at an effective interest 6,382
Conversion of bonds payable to ordinary shares (341,286)
Liability component on December 31, 2023 572,064
Interest charged at an effective interest rate 2,287
Conversion of bonds payable to ordinary shares (564,661)
Liability component on December 31, 2024 9,690
Interest charged at an effective interest rate 33
Conversion of bonds payable to ordinary shares (9,723)
Liability component on December 31, 2025 $ —

(17) Long-term loans

Item 2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Unsecured loans $ 2,657 $ 5,338
Secured loans 183,816 210,290
Subtotal 186,473 215,628
Less: Current portion of long-term loans (38,907) (29,762)
Total $ 147,566 $ 185,866
Annual Interest Rate 2.07%~8.85% 1.25%~8.85%

(18) Equity

a. Ordinary shares

2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Authorized share capital $ 3,500,000 $ 3,500,000
Issued share capital $ 2,731,085 $ 2,675,437

The par value is NT$10 dollars.

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the convertible bonds with face values of NT$1,000,000 thousand and NT$989,600 thousand, respectively, were converted into 15,636 thousand and 15,425 thousand shares, which have been registered and recorded as ordinary shares.

The capitalization of retained earnings of NT$53,535 thousand and issuance of 5,353 thousand shares have been approved in the stockholders' meeting on June 11, 2025. The ex-right date was September 15, 2025 and the stock issuance date was October 14, 2025.

The capitalization of retained earnings of NT$51,834 thousand and issuance of 5,183 thousand shares have been approved in the stockholders' meeting on June 26, 2024. The ex-right date was September 15, 2024 and the stock issuance date was October 14, 2024.

b. Bond conversion entitlement certificates

2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Bond conversion entitlement certificates $ - $ 435

As of December 31, 2024, the convertible bonds with a face value of NT$2,700 thousand was converted to 44 thousand ordinary shares. As the registration of the changes was not completed, bond conversion entitlement certificates were recognized.

c. Capital surplus

2025.12.31 2024.12.31
From the issuance of ordinary shares $ 895,962 $ 887,138
From treasury stock transactions 98,774 95,045
From difference between consideration and carrying amount arising from actual acquisition or disposal of subsidiaries 329 329
Changes in equity of subsidiaries and associates accounted for using equity method 718 610
Equity component of convertible bonds payable 116,242 866
From donations 1,594 1,594
$ 1,113,619 $ 985,582

Under Company Act, the capital surplus arising from shares issued in excess of par (including share premium from the issuance of ordinary shares and treasury stock transactions) and donations may be used to offset a deficit; in addition, when the Company has no deficit, such capital surplus may be distributed as cash dividends or


transferred to share capital once a year within a certain percentage of the Company's paid-in capital.

d. Retained Earnings and Dividend Policy

① Under the dividend policy as set forth in the Company's Articles of Incorporation, where the Company made profit in a fiscal year, the profit shall be first utilized for paying taxes, offsetting losses of previous years, setting aside as legal reserve 10% of the remaining profit, setting aside or reversing a special reserve in accordance with the laws and regulations or in the necessary situation, and then any remaining profit together with any undistributed retained earnings shall be used for distribution of dividends and bonuses to shareholders.

The Company considers its long-term financial planning, future funding requirements, interest of shareholders as well as the amount of capital surplus, retained earnings and profit forecast when determining the stock dividends or cash dividends to be paid. However, distribution of earnings shall be made preferably by way of cash dividends. Distribution of earnings may also be made by way of stock dividend, provided that the ratio for stock dividends shall not exceed 50% of the total distribution.

② Appropriation of earnings to the legal reserve shall be made until the legal reserve equals the Company's paid-in capital. The legal reserve may be used to offset deficits. If the Company has no deficit and the legal reserve has exceeded 25% of the Company's paid-in capital, the excess may be transferred to capital or distributed in cash.

③ Items referred to under Rule No. 1010012865 issued by the FSC (Rule No. 1090150022 issued by the FSC was adopted in appropriations of earnings since 2021) and in the directive titled "Questions and Answers for Special Reserves Appropriated Following Adoption of IFRSs" should be appropriated to or reversed from a special reserve by the Company. For any subsequent reversal of the deduction in other shareholders' equity, the appropriate amount of earnings distribution should be reversed from the net debit balance.

④ The appropriations of earnings for 2024 and 2023 approved in the shareholders' general meetings on June 11, 2025 and June 26, 2024, respectively.

The appropriations of 2024 and 2023 earnings were as follows:

2024 2023
Legal reserve $ 83,414 $ 74,150
Cash dividends 455,046 414,672
Stock dividends 53,535 51,834
$ 591,995 $ 540,656

The appropriations of earnings for 2025 were proposed by the Company's board of directors on March 12, 2026 as follows:

2025
Legal reserve $ 91,125
Cash dividends 546,217
Stock dividends 54,622
$ 691,964

The appropriations of 2025 earnings are subject to the resolution of the shareholders' meeting to be held on June 11, 2026.

e. Special reserves

2025 2024
Balance, beginning of year $ 448,977 $ 449,780
Reversal:
Depreciation expense on investment properties (803) (803)
Balance, end of year $ 448,174 $ 448,977
f. Non-controlling interests
2025 2024
Balance, beginning of year $ 103,236 $ 100,149
Attributable to non-controlling interests
Net income 13,894 9,582
Exchange differences on translating foreign operation 2,645 1,298
Unrealized gains (losses) from investments in equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (147) (247)
Remeasurement of defined benefit plans 43 55
Sale of the Company’s shares held by subsidiaries 53
Cash dividends distributed by subsidiaries (5,601) (9,589)
Cash dividends distributed to subsidiaries 3 2
Changes in ownership interests in subsidiaries (40,815) 1,933
Change in equity of subsidiaries accounted for using equity method 22
Balance, end of year $ 73,280 $ 103,236

g. Treasury stock

(In thousands of shares)
2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Shares held by the subsidiaries 2,239 2,195

The Company's shares held by the subsidiary, Yishun Investment Co., Ltd., are accounted for as treasury stock. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the book value of treasury stock was NT$30,866 thousand; the market value of treasury stock was NT$222,736 thousand and NT$220,565 thousand, respectively.

The Company's shares held by subsidiaries are regarded as treasury stock with all shareholders' rights, except the rights to participate in the Company's capital increase in cash and right to vote.

~ 33 ~


(19) Operating revenue

2025 2024
Revenue from sale of goods $ 7,863,897 $ 7,501,387
Construction contract revenue 2,623,617 1,355,033
Other operating revenue 83,143 21,458
$ 10,570,657 $ 8,877,878

(20) Operating cost

2025 2024
Cost of goods sold $ 6,360,452 $ 6,060,918
Construction contract cost 2,213,154 1,106,090
Other operating cost 16,195 7,149
$ 8,589,801 $ 7,174,157

(21) Other income

2025 2024
Interest income $ 15,796 $ 7,187
Rental income 13,678 13,273
Dividend income 8,137 5,545
Others 8,750 7,572
$ 46,361 $ 33,577

(22) Other gains and losses

2025 2024
Net foreign exchange gain $ 18,591 $ 33,114
Net gain on financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss 8,273 5,052
Net loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment (703) (386)
Depreciation on investment properties (2,058) (2,057)
Other losses (3,905) (3,147)
$ 20,198 $ 32,576

(23) Finance costs

2025 2024
Interest on bank loans $ 35,639 $ 41,100
Interest on lease liabilities 247 421
Interest on convertible bonds 23,918 2,287
Others 43 45
$ 59,847 $ 43,853

(24) Additional information of expenses by nature

Net income included the following items:

2025 2024
Depreciation and amortization expense
Depreciation on property, plant and equipment $ 66,772 $ 57,233
Depreciation on right-of-use assets 3,839 4,121
Depreciation on investment properties 2,058 2,057
Amortization on intangible assets 11,374 5,352
Total $ 84,043 $ 68,763

Operating expenses directly related to investment properties:

2025 2024
Direct operating expenses of investment properties that generated rental income $ 1,191 $ 1,196
Direct operating expenses of investment properties that did not generate rental income 5 5
Total $ 1,196 $ 1,201
Research and development costs expensed as incurred $ 130,892 $ 121,500
Employee benefits expense 2025 2024
Post-employment benefits (Note 6(12))
Defined contribution plans $ 29,672 $ 26,749
Defined benefit plans (533) 283
Subtotal 29,139 27,032
Salaries and bonus expense 894,622 806,692
Insurance expense 74,833 68,097
Others 40,581 37,228
Total $ 1,039,175 $ 939,049

According to Articles of Incorporation, the Company accrued employees' compensation and remuneration of directors at the rates of 4% and no higher than 2%, respectively, of net profit before income tax, employees' compensation, and remuneration of directors. The employees' compensation and remuneration of directors for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

2025 2024
Employees’ compensation $ 46,721 $ 41,050
Remuneration of directors 23,361 20,525
$ 70,082 $ 61,575

If there is a change in the amounts after the annual financial statements were authorized for issue, the differences are recorded as a change in the accounting estimate.

There is no difference between the actual amounts of employees' compensation and remuneration of directors paid and the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024.

~ 35 ~


Information on the employees' compensation and remuneration of directors resolved by the Company's board of directors is available at the Market Observation Post System website of the Taiwan Stock Exchange.

(25) Income taxes

a. Income tax expense recognized in profit or loss

① Major components of income tax expense :

2025 2024
Current tax
In respect of the current year $ 224,999 $ 163,899
Adjustments for prior years 3,051 1,088
Subtotal 228,050 164,987
Deferred tax
Origination and reversal of temporary differences 221 16,264
Income tax expense $ 228,271 $ 181,251

② A reconciliation of accounting profit and income tax expense was as follows:

2025 2024
Income before tax $ 1,135,477 $ 992,057
Income tax expense calculated at the statutory rate $ 239,981 $ 208,488
Tax effect of adjusting items:
Tax-exempt income (2,657) (2,181)
Investment gain 3,618
Nondeductible items in determining taxable income 3,959 1,384
Origination and reversal of temporary differences (17,818) (44,671)
Income tax on unappropriated earnings 8,647 3,956
Loss carryforwards (2,425) (249)
Investment tax credit (4,688) (6,446)
Adjustments for prior years 3,051 1,088
Current tax 228,050 164,987
Deferred tax
Origination and reversal of temporary differences 221 16,264
Income tax expense $ 228,271 $ 181,251

③ Income tax recognized in other comprehensive income

2025 2024
Deferred income tax expense
Related to remeasurement of defined benefit plans $ (4,008) $ (81)

④ Income tax recognized directly in equity

Current income tax

Disposal of equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income

2025 2024
$ – $ (4,975)

The Group applied a tax rate of 20% for entities subject to the R.O.C. Income Tax Law; for other jurisdictions, the Group measures taxes by using the applicable tax rate for each individual jurisdiction.

b. Deferred tax assets

The movements of deferred tax assets (liabilities) were as follows:

2025

Deferred tax assets Opening Balance Recognized in Profit or Loss Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Effect of Foreign Currency Exchange Differences Closing Balance
Temporary differences
Loss allowance $ – $ 9,417 $ – $ – $ 9,417
Allowance for inventory loss 12,245 12,245
Payable for annual leave 5,216 (101) 5,115
Unrealized exchange losses (gains) (2,503) 1,159 (1,344)
Impairment loss 4,417 (1,000) 3,417
Others 7,635 (1,635) 53 6,053
Total $ 27,010 $ 7,840 $ – $ 53 $ 34,903
Deferred tax liabilities Opening Balance Recognized in Profit or Loss Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Effect of Foreign Currency Exchange Differences Closing Balance
Land value increment tax $ (174,220) $ – $ – $ – $ (174,220)
Net defined benefit asset (674) (7,653) (4,008) (12,335)
Others 418 (408) 10
Total $ (174,476) $ (8,061) $ (4,008) $ – $ (186,545)
2024
Deferred tax assets Opening Balance Recognized in Profit or Loss Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Effect of Foreign Currency Exchange Differences Closing Balance
Temporary differences
Allowance for inventory loss $ 18,875 $ (6,630) $ – $ – $ 12,245
Payable for annual leave 4,932 284 5,216
Unrealized exchange losses (gains) 6,669 (9,172) (2,503)
Impairment loss 5,000 (583) 4,417
Others 8,241 (644) 38 7,635
Total $ 43,717 $ (16,745) $ – $ 38 $ 27,010

~ 38 ~

Deferred tax liabilities Opening Balance Recognized in Profit or Loss Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Effect of Foreign Currency Exchange Differences Closing Balance
Land value increment tax $ (174,220) $ — $ — $ — $ (174,220)
Others (656) 481 (81) (256)
Total $ (174,876) $ 481 $ (81) $ — $ (174,476)

c. Information about loss carryforwards

As of December 31, 2025, unused loss carryforwards and expiry year were as follows:

Unused Amount Expiry Year
$ 12,513 2026
12,546 2028
15,649 2029
6,061 2030
4,165 2031
2,383 2034
5,252 2035
$ 58,569

d. Deductible temporary differences and unused loss carryforwards for which no deferred tax assets have been recognized

2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Loss carryforwards $ 54,818 $ 50,551
Deductible temporary differences 8,379 45,638
Total $ 63,197 $ 96,189

e. Income tax assessments

The income tax returns of the Company, Air King Industrial Co., Ltd., Ares Technology Co., Ltd., Allis Communications Co., Ltd. and Yishun Investment Co., Ltd. through 2023 have been assessed by the tax authority.

(26) Earnings per share

2025 2024
Basic earnings per share (NT$) $ 3.30 $ 2.98
Diluted earnings per share (NT$) $ 3.23 $ 2.94

The earnings and weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding in the computation of earnings per share were as follows:


2025 2024
Net income for the year attributable to owners of the Company $ 893,312 $ 801,224
Net income in the computation of basic earnings per share $ 893,312 $ 801,224
Effects of potentially dilutive ordinary shares
After-tax interest on convertible bonds 23,754 2,264
Valuation gain on redemption and put options of convertible bonds (5,898) (4,996)
Net income in the computation of diluted earnings per share $ 911,168 $ 798,492
Shares
Weighted average number of ordinary shares in computation of basic earnings per share (in thousands of shares) 270,842 268,626
Effects of potentially dilutive ordinary shares
Convertible bonds 10,656 2,044
Employees’ compensation 544 491
Weighted average number of ordinary shares in the computation of diluted earnings per share (in thousands of shares) 282,042 271,161

Retroactive adjustments were applied to the Company’s earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

(27) Non-cash transaction

2025 2024
Partial cash investing activities:
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment $ 68,908 $ 125,050
Decrease in other payables 6,688 5,284
Cash paid $ 75,596 $ 130,334

(28) Significant lease agreements

a. The Group as lessee

2025 2024
Expenses relating to short-term leases $ 40,271 $ 26,809
Total cash outflow for leases $ 44,223 $ 31,660

b. The Group as lessor

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the future lease payments receivable under operating leases of investment properties were as follows:


2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Not later than 1 year $ 12,776 $ 13,986
1-2 years 9,572 12,390
2-3 years 6,891 9,483
3-4 years 1,856 6,891
4-5 years 1,856
Total $ 31,095 $ 44,606

(29) Capital management

In consideration of the industry dynamics and future developments, as well as external environment factors, the Company maintains an optimal capital structure to enhance long-term shareholder value by managing its capital in a manner to ensure that it has sufficient and necessary financial resources to fund its working capital needs, research and development activities, dividend payments, and other business requirements for continuing operations to reward shareholders and take into consideration the interests of other stakeholders. In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Company may adjust the amount of dividends paid to shareholders, issue new shares, return capital to shareholders, or repurchase shares.

(30) Financial instruments

a. Fair value of financial instruments

① The fair value measurements are grouped into Levels 1 to 3 based on the degree to which the fair value measurement inputs are observable, as described below:

  • Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
  • Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e., as prices) or indirectly (i.e., derived from prices); and
  • Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

② Except as detailed below, the management of the Group considers that the carrying amounts of those financial instruments that are not measured at fair value approximate their fair values.

2025.12.31 Fair Value
Carrying Amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Financial liabilities at amortized cost -Convertible bonds $ 1,094,676 $ — $ — $ 1,094,640 $ 1,094,640

2024.12.31

Fair Value

Carrying Amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Financial liabilities at amortized cost -Convertible bonds $ 9,690 $ — $ — $ 9,590 $ 9,590

③ Financial instruments that are measured at fair value

The following table presents the Group's financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

2025.12.31
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Financial assets at FVTPL
Foreign exchange forward contracts $ — $ 3,058 $ — $ 3,058
Limited Partnership 13,500 13,500
Total $ — $ 3,058 $ 13,500 $ 16,558
Financial assets at FVTOCI
Listed shares $ 135,968 $ — $ — $ 135,968
Unlisted shares 122,134 122,134
Total $ 135,968 $ — $ 122,134 $ 258,102
Financial liabilities at FVTPL
Redemption and put options of convertible bonds $ — $ — $ 7,800 $ 7,800
2024.12.31
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Financial assets at FVTPL
Redemption and put options of convertible bonds $ — $ — $ 69 $ 69
Financial assets at FVTOCI
Listed shares $ 142,350 $ — $ — $ 142,350
Unlisted shares 131,038 131,038
Total $ 142,350 $ — $ 131,038 $ 273,388
Financial liabilities at FVTPL
Foreign exchange forward contracts $ — $ 98 $ — $ 98

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 for the year ended December 31, 2025. For the year ended December 31, 2024, due to the listing of emerging stocks, quoted prices in active markets became available. Accordingly, the fair value of NT$88,633 thousand was transferred from Level 2 to Level 1.

~ 41 ~


Reconciliation of Level 3 fair value measurements of financial instruments was as follows:

Financial assets (liabilities) at FVTPL
2025 2024
Balance, beginning of the year $ 69 $ (1,064)
Redemption and put options of convertible bonds (13,680)
Convertible bonds converted into ordinary shares (87) (3,863)
Acquisition 13,500
Recognized in profit or loss 5,898 4,996
Balance, end of the year $ 5,700 $ 69
Financial assets at FVTOCI
2025 2024
Balance, beginning of the year $ 131,038 $ 86,283
Acquisition 13,001
Recognized in other comprehensive income (8,904) 31,754
Balance, end of the year $ 122,134 $ 131,038

④ Valuation techniques and inputs applied for the purpose of Level 2 fair value measurement

The fair values of derivatives - foreign exchange forward contracts were determined using discounted cash flow approach. Future cash flows are estimated based on observable forward exchange rates at the end of the reporting period and contract forward rates, discounted at a rate that reflects the credit risk of various counterparties.

⑤ Valuation techniques and inputs applied for the purpose of Level 3 fair value measurement

The fair values of unlisted equity securities were determined using the market approach. The market approach refers to the comparable market transaction price and related information to estimate the fair value of the investment target. The significant unobservable inputs are discounted prices for the lack of marketability.

The fair value of derivatives - redemption and put options of convertible bonds were evaluated using a binary tree convertible bond valuation model based on the share price and its volatility, conversion price, risk-free interest rate, risk discount rate and duration.

b. Categories of financial instruments

Financial assets 2025.12.31 2024.12.31
FVTPL $ 16,558 $ 69
FVTOCI 258,102 273,388
Amortized cost (Note1) 6,535,501 5,120,218
Total $ 6,810,161 $ 5,393,675
Financial liabilities 2025.12.31 2024.12.31
FVTPL $ 7,800 $ 98
Amortized cost (Note2) 6,075,042 4,853,391
Total $ 6,082,842 $ 4,853,489

Note1: The balances include cash and cash equivalents, notes and accounts receivable, other receivables, current tax assets and refundable deposits.

Note2: The balances include short-term loans, notes and accounts payable, other payables, current tax liabilities, bonds payable, long-term loans (including current portion of long-term loans), lease liabilities and guarantee deposits.

c. Financial risk management objectives and policies

The Group’s major financial risk management goal is to manage risks that relate to operating activities. These risks include currency risk, interest rate risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. In order to lower relevant financial risks, the Group identifies and assesses the risks and takes actions to manage uncertainty of the market with the objective to reduce the potentially adverse effects the market fluctuations may have on its financial performance.

The Group’s important financial activities are reviewed by the board of directors in accordance with related regulations and internal controls. Compliance with policies and exposure limits is reviewed by the internal auditors on a continuous basis.

d. Market risk

The Group’s activities exposed it primarily to the market risks of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. The Group entered into foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge portion of foreign exchange risk.

① Foreign currency risk

The Group undertook transactions denominated in foreign currencies; consequently, exposures to exchange rate fluctuations arose. The Group used foreign exchange forward contracts to partially offset the risk of foreign currency exposure. These foreign exchange forward contracts are intended to reduce the influence of the exchange rate fluctuations on the Group’s income.

The information on assets and liabilities denominated in non-functional currency whose values would be materially affected by the exchange rate fluctuations at the end of the reporting period and sensitivity analysis were as follows (in thousands of respective foreign currencies or New Taiwan dollars):

Financial assets 2025.12.31
Foreign Currencies Exchange Rate Carrying Amounts (NTD) Sensitivity Analysis
Variations Impact on Profit (loss) Impact on Equity
Monetary items
USD $ 22,842 31.445 718,267 ±10% ±71,827 ±71,827
EUR 3,990 36.94 147,391 ±10% ±14,739 ±14,739
JPY 4,193 0.2011 843 ±10% ±84 ±84
RMB 343 4.50 1,544 ±10% ±154 ±154
SGD 3,946 24.49 96,638 ±10% ±9,664 ±9,664
ZAR 16,932 1.894 32,069 ±10% ±3,207 ±3,207
AUD 4 21.06 84 ±10% ±8 ±8
Financial liabilities
Monetary items
USD 14,204 31.445 446,645 ±10% ¥44,665 ¥44,665
EUR 1,165 36.94 43,035 ±10% ¥4,304 ¥4,304
RMB 7,764 4.50 34,938 ±10% ¥3,494 ¥3,494
SGD 2,953 24.49 72,319 ±10% ¥7,232 ¥7,232
ZAR 13,409 1.894 25,397 ±10% ¥2,540 ¥2,540

2024.12.31

Financial assets Foreign Currencies Exchange Rate Carrying Amounts (NTD) Sensitivity Analysis
Variations Impact on Profit (loss) Impact on Equity
Monetary items
USD $ 9,796 32.785 321,162 ±10% ±32,116 ±32,116
EUR 4,436 34.14 151,445 ±10% ±15,145 ±15,145
JPY 169,084 0.2096 35,440 ±10% ±3,544 ±3,544
SGD 1,321 24.14 31,889 ±10% ±3,189 ±3,189
ZAR 21,343 1.744 37,222 ±10% ±3,722 ±3,722
AUD 4 20.42 82 ±10% ±8 ±8
Financial liabilities
Monetary items
USD 1,200 32.785 39,342 ±10% ¥3,934 ¥3,934
EUR 994 34.14 33,935 ±10% ¥3,394 ¥3,394
JPY 168,700 0.2096 35,360 ±10% ¥3,536 ¥3,536
RMB 9,926 4.484 44,508 ±10% ¥4,451 ¥4,451
SGD 2,660 24.14 64,212 ±10% ¥6,421 ¥6,421
ZAR 10,862 1.744 18,943 ±10% ¥1,894 ¥1,894

The sensitivity analysis included only outstanding foreign currency denominated items at the end of the reporting period under the assumption of a 10% change in foreign currency rates.

② Interest rate risk

The Group is exposed to interest rate risks related to floating rate short-term and long-term loans. The risk is managed by the Group by maintaining an appropriate mix of fixed and floating rate borrowings.

For sensitivity analysis of interest rate risk, the analysis was prepared assuming the amount of the liability outstanding at the end of the reporting period was outstanding for the whole year. If interest rates had been a quarter of a percent higher/lower and all other variables were held constant, the Group's pre-tax profit for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 would decrease/increase by NT$4,462 thousand and NT$5,464 thousand, respectively.

③ Other price risk

The Group is exposed to price risk through its investments in equity securities. The management of the Group manages risk by holding different risk portfolios.

If equity prices had been 5% higher/lower, pre-tax profit for the year ended December 31, 2025 would have increased/decreased by NT$675 thousand as a result of the changes in fair value of financial assets at FVTPL, and the other comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 would have increased/decreased by NT$12,905 thousand and NT$13,669 thousand, respectively, as a result of the changes in fair value of financial assets at FVTOCI.

e. Credit risk management

Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial losses to the Group. The Group is exposed to credit risks from operating activities, primarily accounts receivables, and from investing


activities, primarily bank deposits, fixed-income investments and other financial instruments with banks. Credit risk is managed separately for business related and financial related exposures. As of the end of the reporting period, the Group's maximum credit risk exposure is equal to the carrying amount of the recognized financial assets as stated in the consolidated balance sheets.

① Business related credit risk

In order to maintain the credit quality of accounts receivable, the Group has established procedures to monitor and limit exposure to credit risk on accounts receivables. Credit evaluation is performed in the consideration of the relevant factors, such as customer's financial condition, transaction history and economic conditions. The Group grants credit to customers on the basis of the credit evaluation and collects payments in installments to reduce credit risk.

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Group's ten largest customers accounted for 86.58% and 80.63% of its total accounts receivables, respectively.

② Financial credit risk

The Group's exposure to financial credit risk which pertained to bank deposits, fixed-income investments and other financial instruments were evaluated and monitored by Group's financial department. Since the counterparties are creditworthy banks and financial institutions with good credit rating, thus, there's no significant credit risk.

f. Liquidity risk management

The Group manages liquidity risk by monitoring and maintaining a level of cash and cash equivalents deemed adequate to finance the Group's operations and mitigate the effects of fluctuations in cash flows. In addition, the management monitors the utilization of bank borrowings and ensures compliance with loan covenants.

The Group relies on bank borrowings as a significant source of liquidity. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the amount of unused financing facilities were NT$5,024,639 thousand and NT$4,230,120 thousand, respectively.

① Liquidity risk table for non-derivative financial liabilities

The table below summarized the maturity profile of the Group's financial liabilities based on contractual undiscounted payments.

2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Less than 1 Year More than 1 Year Total Less than 1 Year More than 1 Year Total
Non-derivative financial liabilities
Short-term loans $ 1,598,288 $ — $ 1,598,288 $ 1,970,000 $ — $ 1,970,000
Notes and accounts payable 2,395,213 177,096 2,572,309 2,026,143 119,249 2,145,392
Current tax liabilities 138,144 138,144 84,676 84,676
Other payables 444,444 28,071 472,515 388,899 26,408 415,307
Bonds payable 1,200,000 1,200,000 10,400 10,400
Long-term loans 38,907 147,566 186,473 29,762 185,866 215,628
Lease liabilities 4,122 4,529 8,651 3,567 5,672 9,239
Guarantee deposits 529 3,457 3,986 2 3,457 3,459
$ 4,619,647 $ 1,560,719 $ 6,180,366 $ 4,503,049 $ 351,052 $ 4,854,101

② Liquidity risk table for derivative financial liabilities

The following table detailed the Group’s liquidity analysis for its derivative financial instruments. The table was based on the undiscounted contractual net cash inflows and outflows on derivative instruments that settle on a net basis, and the undiscounted gross inflows and outflows on those derivatives that require gross settlement. When the amount payable or receivable was not fixed, the amount disclosed was determined by reference to the projected interest rates as illustrated by the yield curves at the end of the year.

Less than 1 Year
Derivative financial instruments 2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Gross settled foreign exchange forward contract
Inflows $ 123,588 $ 15,693
Outflows (120,530) (15,791)
$ 3,058 $ (98)
  1. TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES

Transactions, balances, revenue and expenses between the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated on consolidation and are not disclosed in this note. Details of transactions between the Group and other related parties were disclosed below.

(1) Names and relationships of related parties

Related Party Relationship with the Group
Nissin-Allis Electric Co., Ltd. Associate
Nissin Allis Union Ion Equipment Co., Ltd. Associate
Le-Min Industrial Co., Ltd. Related party in substance
Taiwan Marine Electric Co., Ltd. Related party in substance
Impact Power Inc. Related party in substance
Huede Industrial Co., Ltd. The director of the Company
Yong Ming Investment Consultant Co., Ltd. Related party in substance
Qing Wen Investment Co., Ltd. Related party in substance
Dudu Investments Co., Ltd. The director of the Company
CANTAL INTEGRANTION Pte Ltd. Related party in substance
(Ceased to be a related party since January 1, 2025.)
Cantel Electric Pte Ltd. Related party in substance
(Ceased to be a related party since January 1, 2025.)
Cantel SwitchGear Pte Ltd. Related party in substance
(Ceased to be a related party since January 1, 2025.)
Cantel United Pte Ltd. Related party in substance
(Ceased to be a related party since January 1, 2025.)
ACDC Dynamic Express Related party in substance
PHD Power CC Related party in substance
PHD Properties (Pty) Ltd. Related party in substance
M.D.F.F. Pires Related party in substance
Herr-Yeh Sung Key management personnel

(2) Operating revenue

Line Items Related Parties Categories 2025 2024
Operating revenue Associates $ 46,648 $ 70,464
Others 78,115 23,506
$ 124,763 $ 93,970

(3) Purchase and factory overhead

Line Items Related Parties Categories 2025 2024
Purchase and factory overhead Associates $ 251,707 $ 240,638
Others 121,204 102,587
$ 372,911 $ 343,225

(4) Receivables from related parties

Line Items Related Parties Categories 2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Notes receivable Others $ 1,916 $ —
Accounts receivable from related parties Associates $ 32,050 $ 9,447
Others 63,601 3,483
$ 95,651 $ 12,930
Other receivables Associates $ 125 $ 202
Others 5,114
$ 5,239 $ 202

The outstanding receivables from related parties are unsecured.

(5) Payable to related parties

Line Items Related Parties Categories 2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Notes payable Associates $ — $ 4
Others 3,045
$ — $ 3,049
Accounts payable to related parties Associates $ 98,531 $ 102,988
Others 40,061 36,673
$ 138,592 $ 139,661
Other payables Associates $ — $ 48
Others 897 400
$ 897 $ 448

(6) Others

Line Items Related Parties Categories 2025 2024
Selling and marketing expenses Others $ 1,534 $ 2,080
Research and development expenses Others $ 15 $ 40
Other income Associates $ 119 $ 2,509
Others 46 46
$ 165 $ 2,555
2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Contract liability Others $ 12 $ 12

The sales and purchase prices and payment terms to related parties were not significantly different from those to third parties. The rental collected monthly was based on those prevailing in the market.

(7) Acquisition of investments accounted for using equity method

Related Parties Categories 2025 2024
Others $ 40,815 $ –

(8) Compensation of key management personnel

2025 2024
Short-term benefits $ 145,530 $ 118,809
Post-employment benefits 3,106 2,960
$ 148,636 $ 121,769

The compensation of key management personnel was determined by the remuneration committee based on the performance of individuals and market trends.

(9) Other

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, farmland with carrying amounts of NT$308 thousand was temporarily registered under the name of Herr-Yeh Sung, who had signed an agreement and pledged the land to the Company. Please refer to Note 6(8).

8. PLEDGED ASSETS

The following assets had been pledged or mortgaged as collateral for short-term and long-term loans, tender bonds provided on construction bidding or performance bonds:

2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Pledged time deposits (accounted for as other receivables) $ 4,812 $ 4,734
Property, plant and equipment, net 1,041,299 1,053,360
Investment properties, net 340,888 342,835
Total $ 1,386,999 $ 1,400,929

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9. SIGNIFICANT CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND UNRECOGNIZED COMMITMENTS

As of December 31, 2025, significant contingent liabilities and unrecognized commitments of the Group were as follows:

(1) The guaranteed notes issued were NT$6,561,748 thousand, including:

a. The guaranteed notes issued for bank loans were NT$5,825,723 thousand.
b. The guaranteed notes issued as performance guarantees for sales contracts were NT$736,025 thousand.

(2) Information related endorsements/guarantees provided, please refer to Table 2 attached.

(3) Unused letters of credit were US$3,990 thousand.

  1. SIGNIFICANT LOSS FROM DISASTERS: None.

  2. SIGNIFICANT SUBSEQUENT EVENTS: None.

  3. OTHERS: None.

  4. ADDITIONAL DISCLOSURES

(1) Information on significant transactions:

a. Financing provided to others: Please refer to Table 1 attached.
b. Endorsements/guarantees provided: Please refer to Table 2 attached.
c. Significant marketable securities held (excluding investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint controlled entities): Please refer to Table 3 attached.
d. Total purchases from or sales to related parties amounting to at least NT$100 million or 20% of the paid-in capital: Please refer to Table 4 attached.
e. Receivables from related parties amounting to at least NT$100 million or 20% of the paid-in capital: None.
f. Others: Intercompany relationships and significant intercompany transactions : Please refer to Table 5 attached.

(2) Information on investees (excluding investee company in mainland China): Please refer to Table 6 attached.

(3) Information on investment in mainland China:

a. Information on any investee company in mainland China, showing the name, principal business activities, paid-in capital, method of investment, inward and outward remittance of funds, ownership percentage, net income of investees, investment income or loss, carrying amount of the investment at the end of the period, repatriations of investment income, and limit on the amount of investment in the mainland China area: Please refer to Table 7 attached.
b. Significant direct or indirect transactions with the investee, its prices and terms of payment, unrealized gain or loss, and other related information which is helpful to understand the impact of investment in mainland China on financial reports: Please refer Table 5 attached.


14. SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Group uses the operating income as the measurement for the basis of performance assessment. The basis for such measurement is the same as that for the preparation of financial statements.

The reporting segments were as follows:

  • Switchgear segment - manufacture and sale of high and low voltage switchgear.
  • Transformer segment - manufacture and sale of high and low voltage transformer.
  • Transmission and distribution apparatus segment - manufacture and sale of transmission & distribution line apparatus.
  • Power and electrical equipment segment - manufacture and sale of industrial power and electrical equipment.
  • Engineering segment - construction and installation of electrical equipment.
  • Other segment - sale of GPS antennas and relay equipment.

(1) Segment revenues and results:

Switchgear segment Transformer segment Transmission and distribution apparatus segment Power and electrical equipment segment Engineering segment Other segment Elimination of intersegment transactions Total
2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024
Revenue from external customers $ 1,986,781 $2,380,128 $ 1,404,061 $ 1,069,418 $ 1,058,087 $ 1,001,808 $ 2,464,178 $ 2,133,587 $2,587,950 $1,337,665 $ 1,069,600 $ 955,272 $ - $ - $10,570,657 $ 8,877,878
Inter-segment revenue - - - - - - 228,786 299,437 511,516 381,987 77,225 5,680 (817,527) (687,104) - -
Total revenue $ 1,986,781 $2,380,128 $ 1,404,061 $ 1,069,418 $ 1,058,087 $ 1,001,808 $ 2,692,964 $ 2,433,024 $3,099,466 $1,719,652 $ 1,146,825 $ 960,952 $ (817,527) $ (687,104) $10,570,657 $ 8,877,878
Interest expense $ 11,324 $ 8,169 $ 6,176 $ 4,456 $ 7,721 $ 5,570 $ 19,042 $ 13,653 $ 13,293 $ 10,321 $ 2,291 $ 1,684 $ - $ - $ 59,847 $ 43,853
Depreciation and amortization expense $ 22,815 $ 18,192 $ 12,384 $ 9,943 $ 17,861 $ 14,352 $ 19,630 $ 18,913 $ 3,613 $ 2,962 $ 6,169 $ 2,790 $ (487) $ (446) $ 81,985 $ 66,706
Segment profit or loss $ 92,366 $ 220,542 $ 231,241 $ 104,360 $ 80,883 $ 127,125 $ 243,883 $ 133,771 $ 269,361 $ 137,865 $ 152,570 $ 167,583 $ (1,820) $ 7,314 $ 1,068,484 $ 898,560

~ 50 ~


(2) Geographical information :

2025 2024
Revenue from external customers
Geographical areas
Taiwan $ 9,469,419 $ 7,736,560
Others 1,101,238 1,141,318
Total $ 10,570,657 $ 8,877,878
2025.12.31 2024.12.31
Non-current assets
Geographical areas
Taiwan $ 2,120,364 $ 2,110,822
Others 10,113 11,302
Total $ 2,130,477 $ 2,122,124

Non-current assets include property, plant and equipment, right-of-use assets, investment properties, intangible assets and other non-current assets.

(3) Information about major customers:

2025 2024
Customer A $ 1,353,349 $ 1,134,225
Customer B 3,370,840 1,992,596
$ 4,724,189 $ 3,126,821

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Allis Electric Co., Ltd. and Subsidiaries

FINANCING PROVIDED TO OTHERS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025

(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)

Table 1

No. Lender Borrower Financial Statement Account Related Parties Highest Balance for the Period Ending Balance Actual Borrowing Amount Interest Rate Nature of Financing Business Transaction Amounts Reasons for Short-term Financing Allowance for Impairment Loss Collateral Financing Limit for Each Borrower (Note 1) Aggregate Financing Limits (Note 2)
Item Value
0 Allis Electric Co., Ltd. Zhong Mou Construction Co., Ltd. Other receivables No $ 11,185 $ 7,385 $ 7,385 2.50% Short-term Financing $ - Operating capital $ - None None $ 633,388 $ 1,266,776

Note 1: The total amount for lending to a company should not exceed 10% of the Company's net equity.
Note 2: The aggregate amount available for lending to others should not exceed 20% of the Company's net equity.


Allis Electric Co., Ltd. and Subsidiaries
ENDORSEMENTS/GUARANTEES PROVIDED
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025
(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)

Table 2

No. Endorser/Guarantor Endorsee/Guarantee Limits on Endorsement/Guarantee Given on Behalf of Each Party Maximum Amount Endorsed/Guaranteed During the Year Outstanding Endorsement/Guarantee at the End of the Year Amount Actually Drawn Amount Endorsed/Guaranteed by Collaterals Ratio of Accumulated Endorsement/Guarantee to Net Equity in the Latest Financial Statements Aggregate Endorsement/Guarantee Limit Endorsement/Guarantee Given by Parent on Behalf of Subsidiaries Endorsement/Guarantee Given by Subsidiaries on Behalf of Parent Endorsement/Guarantee Given on Behalf of Companies in Mainland China
Name Relationship (Note 1)
0 Allis Electric Co., Ltd. Nissin-Allis Electric Co., Ltd. f $ 2,111,293 (Note 2) $ 184,500 $ 184,500 $ 29,083 2.91% $ 3,166,939 (Note 2)
Ares Technology Co., Ltd. b $ 125,000 $ 60,000 $ — 0.95% Y
Air King Industrial Co., Ltd. b $ 380,400 $ 380,400 $ 277,885 6.01% Y
1 Air King Industrial Co., Ltd. Allis Electric Co., Ltd. c $ 450,000 (Note 3) $ 44,371 $ 23,101 $ 23,101 10.80% $ 500,000 (Note 3) Y

Note 1: Relationships between the endorser/guarantor and the party being endorsed/guaranteed are as follows:
a. A company that the Company has business relationship with.
b. The Company owns directly or indirectly over 50% ownership of the investee company.
c. The Company that owns directly or indirectly hold over 50% ownership of the Company.
d. In between companies that were held over 90% of voting shares directly or indirectly by the Company.
e. The Company is required to provide guarantees or endorsements for the construction project based on the construction contract.
f. Shareholder of the investee provides endorsements/guarantees to the company in proportion to their shareholding percentages.
g. According to Consumer Protection Act, companies in the same industry enter into collateral performance guarantees for pre-construction home sales agreements.

Note2: The total amount of the guarantee provided by the Company to any individual entity should not exceed 1/3 of the Company's net equity. The total amount of guarantee should not exceed 1/2 of the Company's net equity.

Note 3: The total amount of the guarantee provided by Air King Industrial Co., Ltd. to the parent company and to other individual entities should not exceed NT$450,000 thousand and NT$50,000 thousand, respectively. The total amount of guarantee should not exceed NT$500,000 thousand.


~ 54 ~

Allis Electric Co., Ltd. and Subsidiaries
SIGNIFICANT MARKETABLE SECURITIES HELD
(Excluding Investment in Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Controlled Entities)
DECEMBER 31, 2025
(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)

Table 3

Holding Company Name Type and Name of Marketable Securities Relationship with the Company Financial Statement Account December 31, 2025 Note
Shares/Units Carrying Amount Percentage of Ownership Fair Value
Allis Electric Co., Ltd. Stocks of Arch Meter Corporation Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income-current 1,248,000 75,879 75,879
Blue Magpie Ventures Fund I, L.P. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss- noncurrent 13,500 2.01% 13,500
Stocks of Zhihe Low Carbon Co., Ltd. Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income-noncurrent 1,300,000 19,916 10.00% 19,916
Stocks of Le-Min Industrial Co., Ltd. Related party in substance Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income-noncurrent 1,948,072 67,793 19.68% 67,793
Yishun Investment Co., Ltd. Stocks of Allis Electric Co., Ltd. Parent Company Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income-current 2,239,895 222,870 0.82% 222,870 Note
Stocks of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income-current 12,000 18,600 18,600
Stocks of Watron Technology Corp. Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income-noncurrent 822,400 20,724 15.23% 20,724
Allis Communications Company, Ltd. Stocks of Watron Technology Corp. Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income-noncurrent 206,400 5,201 3.82% 5,201

Note: In preparing the consolidated financial statements, the balance has been eliminated.


~ 55 ~

Allis Electric Co., Ltd. and Subsidiaries

TOTAL PURCHASES FROM OR SALES TO RELATED PARTIES AMOUNTING TO AT LEAST NT$100 MILLION OR 20% OF THE PAID-IN CAPITAL

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025

(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)

Table 4

Seller/Buyer Related Party Relationship Transaction Details Abnormal Transaction Notes/Accounts Receivable (Payable) Note
Purchase/Sale Amount % of Total Payment Terms Unit Price Payment Terms Ending Balance % of Total
Allis Electric Co., Ltd. AEC International S.r.l. Subsidiary Sale $ (164,151) (1.55%) 210 天 $ 93,504 2.00% Note
Air King Industrial Co., Ltd. Subsidiary Purchase $ 489,533 6.29% 115 天 $ (447,105) (17.38%) Note
Nissin-Allis Electric Co., Ltd. Associate Purchase $ 248,520 3.19% 115 天 $ (98,531) (3.83%)
Le-Min Industrial Co., Ltd. Others Purchase $ 107,422 1.38% 115 天 $ (36,686) (1.43%)

Note : In preparing the consolidated financial statements, the transaction and balance have been eliminated.


~ 56 ~

Allis Electric Co., Ltd. and Subsidiaries
INTERCOMPANY RELATIONSHIPS AND SIGNIFICANT INTERCOMPANY TRANSACTIONS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025
(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)

Table 5

No. Company Name Counterparty Relationship (Note 1) Transaction Details
Financial Statement Accounts Amount (Note 3) Payment Terms % to Consolidated Total Revenues or Assets
0 Allis Electric Co., Ltd. Air King Industrial Co., Ltd. a Revenue from sale of goods 21,982 (Note 2) 0.21%
Construction contract cost 489,031 4.63%
Accounts payable 447,105 3.37%
Ares Technology Co., Ltd. a Purchase 48,832 (Note 2) 0.46%
Accounts payable 24,918 0.19%
Hengyuan Allis Electric Co., Ltd. a Purchase 41,588 (Note 2) 0.39%
PHD Powerhouse Distributions (PTY) Ltd. a Revenue from sale of goods 15,200 (Note 2) 0.14%
Accounts receivable 17,901 0.13%
AEC International S.r.l. a Revenue from sale of goods 164,151 (Note 2) 1.55%
Accounts receivable 93,504 0.70%
Allis Electric (S) Pte. Ltd. a Revenue from sale of goods 14,125 (Note 2) 0.13%
Purchase 15,838 0.15%

Note 1: The relationships with the related parties are:
a. Parent company to its subsidiaries.
b. Subsidiaries to subsidiaries.

Note 2: The prices and payment terms were not significantly different from those to third parties.

Note 3: In preparing the consolidated financial statements, the transaction and balance have been eliminated.


Allis Electric Co., Ltd. and Subsidiaries
INFORMATION ON INVESTEES (EXCLUDING INVESTEE COMPANY IN MAINLAND CHINA)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025
(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)

Table 6

Investor Company Investee Company Location Principle Businesses Activities Original Investment Amount As of December 31, 2025 Net Income (Loss) of the Investee Share of Profit (Loss) Note
December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024 Shares % Carrying Amount
Allis Electric Co., Ltd. Air King Industrial Co., Ltd. Taipei, Taiwan Design and installation of electrical equipment $ 28,458 $ 28,458 10,245,033 83.12% $ 169,069 $ 62,324 $ 52,207 Note 2
Nissin-Allis Electric Co., Ltd. Taoyuan, Taiwan Manufacturing of SF6 capacitor and GIS 90,000 90,000 9,000,000 30.00% 321,698 141,249 42,375 -
Ares Technology Co., Ltd. New Taipei City, Taiwan Manufacturing of UPS 75,560 75,560 6,800,000 100.00% 65,845 (3,874) (3,874) Note 2
Allis Communications Co., Ltd. New Taipei City, Taiwan Manufacturing of GPS antennas 86,909 86,909 5,702,147 82.64% 62,508 (2,143) (1,772) Note 2
Yishun Investment CO., LTD. Taipei, Taiwan Investment and holding 179,900 179,900 17,990,000 99.94% 190,615 5,757 2,025 Note 1 and 2
Nissin Allis Union Ion Equipment Co., Ltd. Hsinchu, Taiwan Manufacturing of mechanical equipment and electronic parts 30,000 30,000 4,000,000 40.00% 98,327 44,763 17,906 -
AYM International Corporation Guam, U.S. Construction and sale of power and electrical equipment 5,942 5,942 2,000 40.00% - - - -
PHD Powerhouse Distributions (PTY) Ltd. South Africa Selling of electrical equipment 72,542 72,542 225 93.75% 34,507 1,520 1,425 Note 2
AEC International S.r.l. Italy Selling of electrical equipment 66,444 66,444 420,000 70.00% 47,654 12,122 8,485 Note 2
Intelicis Corporation Santa Clara, U.S. Developing of radio frequency products 49,301 49,301 1,875,500 29.16% - - - -
Allis Electric (S) Pte. Ltd. Singapore Selling of electrical equipment 65,353 65,353 3,000,000 100.00% 103,233 (8,660) (8,660) Note 2

Note 1: The shares of the Company held by the subsidiary are recorded as treasury stock, and the dividends received from the Company are excluded from share of profit (loss).
Note 2: In preparing the consolidated financial statements, the amount and balance have been eliminated.


~ 58 ~

Allis Electric Co., Ltd.
INFORMATION ON INVESTMENTS IN MAINLAND CHINA
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025
(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars, Unless Stated Otherwise)

Table 7
| Investee Company | Principle Businesses Activities | Paid-in Capital | Method of Investment | Accumulated Outward Remittance for Investment from Taiwan as of January 1, 2025 | Remittance of Funds | | Accumulated Outward Remittance for Investment from Taiwan as of December 31, 2025 | Net Income (Loss) of the Investee | Ownership of Direct or Indirect Investment | Share of Profit (Loss) (Note) | Carrying Amount as of December 31, 2025 (Note) | Accumulated Repatriation of Investment Income as of December 31, 2025 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | Outward | Inward | | | | | | |
| Hengyuan Allis Electric Co., Ltd. | Selling of electrical equipment | USD 3,400 | Direct investment | $ 50,547 (USD1,582) | $ - | $ - | $ 50,547 (USD1,582) | $ 4,289 | 100.00% | $ 4,357 | $ 120,892 | $ 26,368 (USD825) |
| Accumulated Outward Remittance for Investment in Mainland China as of December 31, 2025 | Investment Amounts Authorized by the Investment Commission, MOEA | Upper Limit on the Amount of Investment Stipulated by Investment Commission, MOEA |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | | Net equity * 60% |
| $ 106,207 (USD3,266) | $ 206,102(USD 6,411) | 3,800,327 |

Note: The amount and balance were recognized based on the financial statements certified by the CPA of the parent company in Taiwan and have been eliminated in preparing the consolidated financial statements.