VIA — Audit Report / Information 2025

Apr 20, 2026

VIA Technologies, Inc.

Parent Company Only Financial Statements for the Years Ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 and Independent Auditors' Report

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Deloitte.

勤業眾信

勤業眾信聯合會針師事務所

110421 台北市信義區松仁路100號20樓

Deloitte & Touche

20F, Taipei Nan Shan Plaza

No. 100, Songren Rd.,

Xinyi Dist., Taipei 110421, Taiwan

Tel: +886 (2) 2725-9988

Fax: +886 (2) 4051-6888

www.deloitte.com.tw

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT

The Board of Directors and Shareholders
VIA Technologies, Inc.

Opinion

We have audited the accompanying parent company only financial statements of VIA Technologies, Inc. (the “Company”), which comprise the parent company only balance sheets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the parent company only statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and notes to the parent company only financial statements, including material accounting policy information (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”).

In our opinion, the accompanying parent company only financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the accompanying parent company only financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and its parent company only financial performance and its parent company only cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with the Regulations Governing the Preparation of Financial Reports by Securities Issuers.

Basis for Opinion

We conducted our audits in accordance with the Regulations Governing Auditing and Attestation of Financial Statements by Certified Public Accountants and the Standards on Auditing of the Republic of China. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors’ Responsibilities for the Audit of the parent company only Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with The Norm of Professional Ethics for Certified Public Accountant of the Republic of China, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Key Audit Matters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the parent company only financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the parent company only financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.

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The key audit matters of the parent company only financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025, are as follows:

Evaluation of Profit and Loss Recognition of Investments in Subsidiaries Accounted for Using the Equity Method - Revenue Recognition of Specific Customers

As stated in Note 11 to the accompanying financial statements, as of December 31, 2025, the carrying amounts of the investments in VIA Next Technologies, Inc. (VIA Next) and VIA Labs, Inc. (VLI) accounted for using the equity method were NT$454,543 thousand and NT$1,484,836 thousand, respectively, representing 2% and 5% of the Company’s total assets. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the share of profit accounted for using the equity method was NT$66,421 thousand and NT$43,439 thousand, respectively, representing 55% and 36% of the Company’s total profit before income tax. We identified the financial position and performance of VIA Next and VLI as having a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Revenue from the sale of goods of VIA Next and VLI is recognized when significant risks and control are transferred to the customers. Technical service revenue is recognized when the performance obligation of services is fulfilled, and the amount of revenue can be reasonably measured. Since revenue from specific customers is material to the profit or loss accounted for using the equity method, we considered the relevant recognition of revenue a key audit matter.

For the accounting policy on revenue recognition, refer to Note 4.

We obtained an understanding and tested the effectiveness of the design and the implementation of internal controls with respect to the revenue recognition of specific customers. We selected samples of revenue from the aforementioned customers and confirmed that revenue transactions have indeed occurred.

Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Parent Company Only Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the parent company only financial statements in accordance with the Regulations Governing the Preparation of Financial Reports by Securities Issuers, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of parent company only financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.

Those charged with governance, including the audit committee, are responsible for overseeing the Company’s financial reporting process.

Auditors’ Responsibilities for the Audit of the Parent Company Only Financial Statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the parent company only financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditors’ report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with the Standards on Auditing of the Republic of China will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these parent company only financial statements.

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As part of an audit in accordance with the Standards on Auditing of the Republic of China, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We are also:

1. Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the parent company only financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.

2. Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control.

3. Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management.

4. Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditors’ report to the related disclosures in the parent company only financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditors’ report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern.

5. Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the parent company only financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the parent company only financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.

6. Obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of entities or business activities within the Company to express an opinion on the parent company only financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision, and performance of the audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion.

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.

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From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the parent company only financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025, and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditors’ report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.

The engagement partners on the audits resulting in this independent auditors’ report are Pan-Fa Wang and Chin-Chuan Shih.

Pan Fa Wang
CHIN-CHUAN SHIH

Deloitte & Touche
Taipei, Taiwan
Republic of China

March 11, 2026

Notice to Readers

The accompanying financial statements are intended only to present the financial position, financial performance and cash flows in accordance with accounting principles and practices generally accepted in the Republic of China and not those of any other jurisdictions. The standards, procedures and practices to audit such financial statements are those generally applied in the Republic of China.

For the convenience of readers, the independent auditors’ report and the accompanying financial statements have been translated into English from the original Chinese version prepared and used in the Republic of China. If there is any conflict between the English version and the original Chinese version or any difference in the interpretation of the two versions, the Chinese-language independent auditors’ report and financial statements shall prevail.

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VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

PARENT COMPANY ONLY BALANCE SHEETS

DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024

(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)

	2025		2024
ASSETS	Amount	%	Amount	%
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents (Notes 4 and 6)	$ 5,082,940	18	$ 4,151,657	15
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss - current (Notes 4 and 7)	433,845	2	296,943	1
Financial assets at amortized cost - current (Notes 4 and 8)	-	-	1,967,100	7
Accounts receivable, net (Notes 4, 9, 23 and 32)	291,111	1	192,408	1
Other receivables (Notes 4, 9 and 32)	26,807	-	30,896	-
Inventories (Notes 4, 5 and 10)	1,459,588	5	1,937,741	7
Other financial assets - current (Notes 16 and 33)	2,181,116	8	585,788	2
Other current assets (Notes 16 and 32)	119,800	-	140,921	1
Total current assets	9,595,207	34	9,303,454	34
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss - non-current (Notes 4 and 7)	104,443	-	326,752	1
Investments accounted for using the equity method (Notes 4 and 11)	16,441,157	59	15,996,861	58
Property, plant and equipment (Notes 4, 12, 32 and 33)	1,037,419	4	990,949	4
Right-of-use assets (Notes 4 and 13)	16,820	-	9,579	-
Investment properties, net (Notes 4, 5, 14 and 33)	933,301	3	927,785	3
Intangible assets (Notes 4 and 15)	2,706	-	3,365	-
Other non-current assets - other (Notes 16 and 33)	11,774	-	11,773	-
Total non-current assets	18,547,620	66	18,267,064	66
TOTAL	$ 28,142,827	100	$ 27,570,518	100
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss - current (Notes 4 and 7)	$ -	-	$ 995	-
Contract liabilities - current (Notes 23 and 32)	3,467,933	12	2,055,509	7
Accounts payable (Notes 18 and 32)	690,065	2	1,002,315	4
Other payables (Notes 19 and 32)	824,941	3	957,316	4
Current tax liabilities (Notes 4 and 25)	30,626	-	19,683	-
Provisions - current (Notes 4 and 20)	457,889	2	80,810	-
Lease liabilities - current (Notes 4 and 13)	9,173	-	6,541	-
Current portion of long-term borrowings (Notes 17 and 33)	-	-	160,000	1
Other current liabilities (Note 19)	19,609	-	29,598	-
Total current liabilities	5,500,236	19	4,312,767	16
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
Long-term borrowings (Notes 17 and 33)	850,000	3	1,350,000	5
Deferred tax liabilities (Notes 4 and 25)	153,979	1	138,982	-
Lease liabilities - non-current (Notes 4 and 13)	7,478	-	2,942	-
Net defined benefit liabilities (Notes 4 and 21)	275,076	1	266,966	1
Other non-current liabilities (Notes 19 and 32)	3,667	-	3,180	-
Total non-current liabilities	1,290,200	5	1,762,070	6
Total liabilities	6,790,436	24	6,074,837	22
EQUITY (Note 22)
Share capital	5,556,749	20	5,552,960	20
Advance receipts for share capital	2,334	-	2,198	-
Capital surplus	7,296,114	26	7,285,029	26
Retained earnings
Legal reserve	901,576	3	789,763	3
Special reserve	126,745	-	184,561	1
Unappropriated earnings	6,884,106	25	6,988,293	25
Other equity	584,767	2	692,877	3
Total equity	21,352,391	76	21,495,681	78
TOTAL	$ 28,142,827	100	$ 27,570,518	100

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the parent company only financial statements.

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VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

PARENT COMPANY ONLY STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024

(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars, Except Earnings Per Share

	2025		2024
	Amount	%	Amount	%
OPERATING REVENUE (Notes 4, 23 and 32)	$ 4,865,576	100	$ 5,730,640	100
OPERATING COSTS (Notes 10, 21, 24 and 32)	(4,246,494)	(87)	(4,819,788)	(84)
GROSS PROFIT	619,082	13	910,852	16
UNREALIZED GAIN ON TRANSACTIONS WITH SUBSIDIARIES	(1,585)	-	(3,338)	-
REALIZED GAIN ON TRANSACTIONS WITH SUBSIDIARIES	3,338	-	3,142	-
REALIZED GROSS PROFIT	620,835	13	910,656	16
OPERATING EXPENSES (Notes 21, 24 and 32)
Selling and marketing expenses	(146,670)	(3)	(159,708)	(3)
General and administrative expenses	(473,424)	(10)	(475,469)	(8)
Research and development expenses	(449,462)	(9)	(581,476)	(10)
Total operating expenses	(1,069,556)	(22)	(1,216,653)	(21)
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS	(448,721)	(9)	(305,997)	(5)
NON-OPERATING INCOME AND EXPENSES
(Notes 11, 14, 24 and 32)
Interest income	204,732	4	84,738	2
Other income	65,714	1	56,199	1
Other gains and losses	(24,328)	(1)	246,375	4
Finance costs	(21,947)	-	(46,573)	(1)
Share of profit of subsidiaries and associates	344,341	7	1,036,474	18
Total non-operating income and expenses	568,512	11	1,377,213	24
PROFIT BEFORE INCOME TAX	119,791	2	1,071,216	19
INCOME TAX EXPENSE (Notes 4 and 25)	(50,722)	(1)	(4,238)	-
NET PROFIT FOR THE YEAR	69,069	1	1,066,978	19

(Continued)

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VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

PARENT COMPANY ONLY STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024

(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars, Except Earnings Per Share

	2025		2024
	Amount	%	Amount	%
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME AND LOSS
(Notes 21 and 22)
Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss
Remeasurement of defined benefit plans	$ (7,835)	-	$ 52,633	1
Share of the other comprehensive loss of associates accounted for using the equity method	(78)	-	-	-
Share of remeasurement of defined benefit plans of subsidiaries	(226)	-	(636)	-
Share of the other comprehensive income (loss) of subsidiaries accounted for using the equity method	272,804	6	(98,824)	(2)
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss
Exchange differences on translating foreign operations	(380,918)	(8)	674,984	12
Share of the other comprehensive income of associates accounted for using the equity method	4	-	16	-
Other comprehensive income or loss for the year, net of income tax	(116,249)	(2)	628,173	11
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME AND LOSS
FOR THE YEAR	$ (47,180)	(1)	$ 1,695,151	30
EARNINGS PER SHARE (Note 26)
From continuing operations
Basic	$ 0.12		$ 2.07
Diluted	$ 0.12		$ 2.06

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the parent company only financial statements. (Concluded)

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VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

PARENT COMPANY ONLY STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024

(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)

	Share Capital	Capital Collected in Advance	Capital Surplus	Retained Earnings			Exchange Differences on Translating Foreign Operations	Other Equity		Total Equity
				Legal Reserve	Special Reserve	Unappropriated Earnings		Unrealized Gain or Loss on Financial Assets at Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive Income	Unearned Employee Benefits
BALANCE ON JANUARY 1, 2024	$ 4,991,227	$ 4,316	$ 1,270,865	$ 749,725	$ 176,605	$ 5,968,159	$ 222,793	$ (106,092)	$ (603)	$ 13,276,995
Appropriation of 2023 earnings
Legal reserve	-	-	-	40,038	-	(40,038)	-	-	-	-
Special reserve	-	-	-	-	7,956	(7,956)	-	-	-	-
Cash dividends distributed by the Company	-	-	-	-	-	(50,003)	-	-	-	(50,003)
Net profit for the year ended December 31, 2024	-	-	-	-	-	1,066,978	-	-	-	1,066,978
Other comprehensive income or loss for the year ended December 31, 2024	-	-	-	-	-	51,997	675,000	(98,824)	-	628,173
Total comprehensive income or loss income for the year ended December 31, 2024	-	-	-	-	-	1,118,975	675,000	(98,824)	-	1,695,151
Changes in capital surplus from investments in associates	-	-	51,270	-	-	(844)	-	-	603	51,029
Issuance of ordinary shares for cash	550,000	-	5,954,716	-	-	-	-	-	-	6,504,716
Share-based payment transaction (Note 27)	-	-	482	-	-	-	-	-	-	482
Issuance of employee share options	11,733	(2,118)	12,651	-	-	-	-	-	-	22,266
Changes in percentage of ownership interests in the subsidiary (Note 28)	-	-	(5,152)	-	-	-	-	-	-	(5,152)
Recognition of employee share options issued by the subsidiary	-	-	197	-	-	-	-	-	-	197
BALANCE ON DECEMBER 31, 2024	5,552,960	2,198	7,285,029	789,763	184,561	6,988,293	897,793	(204,916)	-	21,495,681
Appropriation of 2024 earnings
Legal reserve	-	-	-	111,813	-	(111,813)	-	-	-	-
Special reserve	-	-	-	-	(57,816)	57,816	-	-	-	-
Cash dividends distributed by the Company	-	-	-	-	-	(111,120)	-	-	-	(111,120)
Net profit for the year ended December 31, 2025	-	-	-	-	-	69,069	-	-	-	69,069
Other comprehensive income or loss for the year ended December 31, 2025	-	-	-	-	-	(8,139)	(380,914)	272,804	-	(116,249)
Total comprehensive income or loss for the year ended December 31, 2025	-	-	-	-	-	60,930	(380,914)	272,804	-	(47,180)
Changes in capital surplus from investments in associates	-	-	7,798	-	-	-	-	-	-	7,798
Issuance of employee share options	3,789	136	3,991	-	-	-	-	-	-	7,916
Changes in percentage of ownership interests in the subsidiary (Note 28)	-	-	(9,621)	-	-	-	-	-	-	(9,621)
Recognition of employee share options issued by the subsidiary	-	-	8,917	-	-	-	-	-	-	8,917
BALANCE ON DECEMBER 31, 2025	$ 5,556,749	$ 2,334	$ 7,296,114	$ 901,576	$ 126,745	$ 6,884,106	$ 516,879	$ 67,888	$ -	$ 21,352,391

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the parent company only financial statements.

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VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

PARENT COMPANY ONLY STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024

(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)

	2025	2024
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Profit before income tax	$ 119,791	$ 1,071,216
Adjustments for:
Depreciation expense	35,415	34,997
Amortization expense	1,984	5,225
Net gain on fair value changes of financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss	(88,935)	(31,963)
Finance costs	21,947	46,573
Interest income	(204,732)	(84,738)
Dividend income	(5,868)	(4,555)
Compensation costs of employee share options	-	482
Share of profit of subsidiaries and associates	(344,341)	(1,036,474)
Unrealized gain on transactions with subsidiaries	1,585	3,338
Realized gain on transactions with subsidiaries	(3,338)	(3,142)
Gain on changes in fair value of investment properties	(66,496)	(9,463)
Gain on lease modification	(60)	-
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	(98,703)	(88,360)
Other receivables	(3,453)	5,022
Inventories	478,153	(431,255)
Other current assets	21,121	(55,319)
Contract liabilities	1,412,424	1,222,510
Notes payable and accounts payable	(312,250)	349,517
Other payables	(129,497)	50,375
Provisions	377,079	(166,569)
Other current liabilities	(9,989)	21,304
Net defined benefit liabilities	275	1,156
Other non-current liabilities	-	(1,896)
Cash generated from operations	1,202,112	897,981
Interest received	212,274	58,246
Dividends received	5,868	4,555
Interest paid	(22,309)	(46,582)
Income tax paid	(24,782)	(32,984)
Net cash generated from operating activities	1,373,163	881,216
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchase of financial assets at amortized cost	-	(1,967,100)
Proceeds from sale of financial assets at amortized cost	1,967,100	30,705
Purchase of financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss	(2,175,735)	(935,000)
Proceeds from sale of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss	2,349,082	936,086
Purchase of long-term equity investments using the equity method	(1,459,386)	(882,169)
Payments for property, plant and equipment	(12,497)	(16,052)
		(Continued)

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VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

PARENT COMPANY ONLY STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024 (In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)

	2025	2024
Increase in refundable deposits	$ (1)	$ (3,003)
Payments for intangible assets	(2,628)	(3,089)
Increase in other financial assets	(1,595,328)	(585,788)
Dividends received from subsidiaries	1,259,864	81,149
Net cash generated from (used in) investing activities	330,471	(3,344,261)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from long-term borrowings	-	750,000
Repayments of long-term borrowings	(660,000)	(1,440,000)
Proceeds from guarantee deposits received	506	497
Refund of guarantee deposits received	(19)	(3,056)
Repayment of the principal portion of lease liabilities	(9,634)	(9,002)
Distribution of cash dividends	(111,120)	(50,003)
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares	-	6,504,716
Proceeds from exercise of employee share options	7,916	22,266
Net cash (used in) generated from financing activities	(772,351)	5,775,418
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	931,283	3,312,373
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR	4,151,657	839,284
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE END OF THE YEAR	$ 5,082,940	$ 4,151,657

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the parent company only financial statements. (Concluded)

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VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

NOTES TO PARENT COMPANY ONLY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024

(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars, Unless Stated Otherwise)

1. GENERAL INFORMATION

VIA Technologies, Inc. (the "Company") was incorporated in September 1992, under the Company Law of the Republic of China to engage in the programming, designing, manufacturing and selling of semiconductors and PC chipsets.

The Company's shares have been listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange since March 1999. In September 2024, the Company increased its share capital and issued Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs), which were listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange.

The parent company only financial statements are presented in New Taiwan dollars, the functional currency of VIA.

2. APPROVAL OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The parent company only financial statements were approved by the Company's board of directors on March 11, 2026.

3. APPLICATION OF NEW, AMENDED AND REVISED STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS

a. Initial application of the amendments to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), International Accounting Standards (IAS), IFRIC Interpretations (IFRIC), and SIC Interpretations (SIC) (collectively, the "IFRS Accounting Standards") endorsed and issued into effect by the FSC

Amendments to IAS 21 "Lack of Exchangeability"

The initial application of the Amendments to IAS 21 "Lack of Exchangeability" did not have a material impact on the Company's accounting policies.

b. The IFRS Accounting Standards endorsed by the FSC for application starting from 2026

New, Amended and Revised Standards and Interpretations	Effective Date Announced by IASB
Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7 “Amendments to the Classification and Measurement of Financial Instruments”	January 1, 2026
Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7 “Contracts Referencing Nature-dependent Electricity”	January 1, 2026
Annual Improvements to IFRS Accounting Standards - Volume 11	January 1, 2026
IFRS 17 “Insurance Contracts” (including the 2020 and 2021 amendments to IFRS 17)	January 1, 2023

As of the date the parent company only financial statements were authorized for issue, the Company has assessed above amended standards and interpretations will not have a material impact on the Company's financial position and financial performance.

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c. The IFRS Accounting Standards in issue but not yet endorsed and issued into effect by the FSC

New, Amended and Revised Standards and Interpretations	Effective Date Announced by IASB (Note 1)
Amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28 “Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or Joint Venture”	To be determined by IASB
IFRS 18 “Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements”	January 1, 2027 (Note 2)
IFRS 19 “Subsidiaries without Public Accountability: Disclosures” (including the 2025 amendments to IFRS 19)	January 1, 2027
Amendments to IAS 21 “Translation to a Hyperinflationary Presentation Currency”	January 1, 2027

Note 1: Unless stated otherwise, the above IFRS Accounting Standards are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after their respective effective dates.

Note 2: On September 25, 2025, the FSC announced that IFRS 18 will take effect starting from January 1, 2028. Domestic entities could elect to apply IFRS 18 for an earlier period after the endorsement of IFRS 18 by the FSC.

IFRS 18 “Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements” and consequential amendments

IFRS 18 will supersede IAS 1 “Presentation of Financial Statements”. The main changes comprise:

1) To classify items of income and expenses presented in the statement of profit or loss into the operating, investing, financing, income taxes and discontinued operations categories, the Company shall assess whether it has specified main business activities of investing in particular types of assets and providing financing to customers.

2) The statement of profit or loss shall present totals and subtotals for operating profit or loss, profit or loss before financing and income taxes and profit or loss.

3) Provides guidance to enhance the requirements of aggregation and disaggregation: The Company shall identify the assets, liabilities, equity, income, expenses and cash flows that arise from individual transactions or other events and shall classify and aggregate them into groups based on shared characteristics, so as to result in the presentation in the primary financial statements of line items that have at least one similar characteristic. The Company shall disaggregate items with dissimilar characteristics in the primary financial statements and in the notes. The Company labels items as “other” only if it cannot find a more informative label.

4) Disclosures on Management-defined Performance Measures (MPMs): When in public communications outside financial statements and communicating to users of financial statements management's view of an aspect of the financial performance of the Company as a whole, the Company shall disclose related information about its MPMs in a single note to the financial statements, including the description of such measures, calculations, reconciliations to the subtotal or total specified by IFRS Accounting Standards and the income tax and non-controlling interests effects of related reconciliation items.

In addition, the following consequential amendments have been made to IAS 7 “Statement of Cash Flows”:

1) The Company shall use operating profit or loss as the starting point when presenting cash flows from operating activities under the indirect method.

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2) Interest and dividends received by the Company shall be classified as investing activities, while interest and dividends paid shall be classified as financing activities. However, if, after assessment, the Company has a specific main operating activity, it shall determine how to classify dividends received, interest received and interest paid in the statement of cash flows by referring to how it classifies dividend income, interest income and interest expense in the statement of profit or loss. The total of each of these cash flows shall be classified in a single category in the statement of cash flows.

Except for the above impact, as of the date the parent company only financial statements were authorized for issue, the Company is continuously assessing the other impacts of the above amended standards and interpretations on the Company's financial position and financial performance and will disclose the relevant impact when the assessment is completed.

4. SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICY INFORMATION

Statement of Compliance

The parent company only financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Regulations Governing the Preparation of Financial Reports by Securities Issuers.

Basis of Preparation

The parent company only financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for financial instruments and investment properties which are measured at fair value, and net defined benefit liabilities which are measured at the present value of the defined benefit obligation less the fair value of plan assets.

The fair value measurements, which are grouped into Levels 1 to 3 based on the degree to which the fair value measurement inputs are observable and based on the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurement in its entirety, are described as follows:

a. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

b. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for an asset or liability, either directly (i.e., as prices) or indirectly (i.e., derived from prices); and

c. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for an asset or liability.

When preparing these parent company only financial statements, the Company used the equity method to account for its investments in subsidiaries and associates. In order for the amounts of the net profit for the year, other comprehensive income for the year and total equity in the parent company only financial statements to be the same with the amounts attributable to the owners of the Company in its consolidated financial statements, adjustments arising from the differences in accounting treatments between the parent company only basis and the consolidated basis were made to investments accounted for using the equity method, the share of profit or loss of subsidiaries and associates, the share of other comprehensive income of subsidiaries, associates and the related equity items, as appropriate, in these parent company only financial statements.

Classification of Current and Non-current Assets and Liabilities

Current assets include:

a. Assets held primarily for the purpose of trading;

b. Assets expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting period; and

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c. Cash and cash equivalents unless the asset is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

Current liabilities include:

a. Liabilities held primarily for the purpose of trading;

b. Liabilities due to be settled within 12 months after the reporting period, even if an agreement to refinance, or to reschedule payments, on a long-term basis is completed after the reporting period and before the consolidated financial statements are authorized for issue; and

c. Liabilities for which the Company does not have the substantial right at the end of the reporting period to defer settlement for at least 12 months after the reporting period.

Assets and liabilities that are not classified as current are classified as non-current.

Foreign Currencies

In preparing the parent company only financial statements of the Company, transactions in currencies other than the Company's functional currency (foreign currencies) are recognized at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions.

At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at that date. Exchange differences on monetary items arising from settlement or translation are recognized in profit or loss in the period.

Non-monetary items measured at fair value that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined. Exchange differences arising on the retranslation of non-monetary items are included in profit or loss for the period except for exchange differences arising from the retranslation of non-monetary items in respect of which gains and losses are recognized directly in other comprehensive income, in which case, the exchange differences are also recognized directly in other comprehensive income.

Non-monetary items that are measured at historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated.

For the purposes of presenting parent company only financial statements, the assets and liabilities of the Company's foreign operations are translated into New Taiwan dollars using exchange rates prevailing at the end of each reporting period. Income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates for the period. Exchange differences arising are recognized in other comprehensive income.

On the disposal of a foreign operation (i.e., a disposal of the Company's entire interest in a foreign operation, or a disposal involving loss of control over a subsidiary that includes a foreign operation, or a partial disposal of an interest in a joint arrangement or an associate that includes a foreign operation of which the retained interest becomes a financial asset), all of the exchange differences accumulated in equity in respect of that operation are reclassified to profit or loss.

In relation to a partial disposal of a subsidiary that does not result in the Company losing control over the subsidiary, the proportionate share of accumulated exchange differences is included in the calculation of equity transaction but is not recognized in profit or loss. For all other partial disposals, the proportionate share of the accumulated exchange differences recognized in other comprehensive income is reclassified to profit or loss.

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Inventories

Inventories consist of raw materials, supplies, finished goods and work-in-process and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Inventory write-downs are made by item, except where it may be appropriate to group similar or related items. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price of inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale. Inventories are recorded at weighted-average cost on the balance sheet date.

Investments Accounted for Using the Equity Method

a. Investments in subsidiaries

The Company uses the equity method to account for its investments in subsidiaries.

A subsidiary is an entity (including a structured entity) that is controlled by the Company.

Under the equity method, an investment in a subsidiary is initially recognized at cost and adjusted thereafter to recognize the Company's share of the profit or loss and other comprehensive income of the subsidiary. The Company also recognizes the changes in the Company's share of equity of subsidiaries.

Changes in the Company's ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in the Company losing control of the subsidiary are accounted for as equity transaction. The Company recognizes directly in equity any difference between the carrying amount of the investment and the fair value of the consideration paid or received.

When the Company's share of loss of a subsidiary exceeds its interest in that subsidiary (which includes any carrying amount of the investment accounted for using the equity method and long-term interests that, in substance, form part of the Company's net investment in the subsidiary), the Company continues recognizing its share of further loss, if any.

Any excess of the cost of acquisition over the Company's share of the net fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities of a subsidiary at the date of acquisition is recognized as goodwill, which is included within the carrying amount of the investment and is not amortized. Any excess of the Company's share of the net fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities over the cost of acquisition is recognized immediately in profit or loss.

The Company assesses its investment for any impairment by comparing the carrying amount with the estimated recoverable amount as assessed based on the investee's financial statements as a whole. Impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount. If the recoverable amount of the investment subsequently increases, the Company recognizes a reversal of the impairment loss; the adjusted post-reversal carrying amount should not exceed the carrying amount that would have been recognized (net of amortization or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognized in prior years. An impairment loss recognized on goodwill cannot be reversed in a subsequent period.

When the Company loses control of a subsidiary, it recognizes the investment retained in the former subsidiary at its fair value at the date when control is lost. The difference between the fair value of the retained investment plus any consideration received and the carrying amount of the previous investment at the date when control is lost is recognized as a gain or loss in profit or loss. Besides this, the Company accounts for all amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income in relation to that subsidiary on the same basis as would be required had the Company directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities.

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Profit or loss resulting from downstream transactions is eliminated in full only in the parent company only financial statements. Profit and loss resulting from upstream transactions and transactions between subsidiaries is recognized only in the parent company only financial statements and only to the extent of interests in the subsidiaries that are not related to the Company.

b. Investments in associates

An associate is an entity over which the Company has significant influence and that is neither a subsidiary nor an interest in a joint venture.

The Company uses the equity method to account for its investments in associates. Under the equity method, investments in an associate is initially recognized in the parent company only balance sheet at cost and adjusted thereafter to recognize the Company's share of the profit or loss and other comprehensive income of the associate. In addition, the Company recognizes the changes in the share of the equity of associates.

Any excess of the cost of acquisition over the Company's share of the net fair value of the identifiable assets, and liabilities of an associate recognized at the date of acquisition is recognized as goodwill, which is included within the carrying amount of the investment and is not amortized. Any excess of the Company's share of the net fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities over the cost of acquisition, after reassessment, is recognized immediately in profit or loss.

When the Company subscribes for additional new shares of the associate at a percentage different from its existing ownership percentage, the resulting carrying amount of the investment differs from the amount of the Company's proportionate interest in the associate. The Company records such a difference as an adjustment to investments, with a corresponding amount credited or charged to capital surplus. If additional subscription of the new shares of associate results in a decrease in the ownership interest, the proportionate amount of the gains or losses previously recognized in other comprehensive income in relation to that associate is reclassified to profit or loss on the same basis as would be required had the investee directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities. When the adjustment should be debited to capital surplus, but the capital surplus recognized from investments accounted for using the equity method is insufficient, the shortage is debited to retained earnings.

When the Company's share of losses of an associate equals or exceeds its interest in that associate (which includes any carrying amount of the investment accounted for using the equity method and long-term interests that, in substance, form part of the Company's net investment in the associate), the Company discontinues recognizing its share of further losses, if any. Additional losses are recognized only to the extent that the Company has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate.

The entire carrying amount of the investment (including goodwill) is tested for impairment as a single asset by comparing its recoverable amount with its carrying amount. Any impairment loss recognized is not allocated to any asset, including goodwill, that forms part of the carrying amount of the investment. Any reversal of that impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the recoverable amount of the investment subsequently increases.

The Company discontinues the use of the equity method from the date on which its investment ceases to be an associate. Any retained investment is measured at fair value at that date, and the fair value is regarded as its fair value on initial recognition as a financial asset. The difference between the previous carrying amount of the associate attributable to the retained interest and its fair value is included in the determination of the gain or loss on disposal of the associate. In addition, the Company accounts for all amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income in relation to that associate on the same basis as would be required had that associate directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities.

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When a Company transacts with its associate, profits and losses resulting from the transactions with the associate are recognized in the Company’s parent company only financial statements only to the extent of interests in the associate of parties that are not related to the Company.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss.

Properties in the course of construction for production, supply or administrative purposes are measured at cost, less any recognized impairment loss. Cost includes professional fees and borrowing costs eligible for capitalization. Such assets are depreciated and classified to the appropriate categories of property, plant and equipment when completed and ready for their intended use. Such properties are depreciated and classified to the appropriate categories of property, plant and equipment when completed and ready for intended use.

Except for freehold land, which is not depreciated, the depreciation of property, plant and equipment is recognized using the straight-line method. Each significant part is depreciated separately. The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.

On derecognition of an item of property, plant and equipment, the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognized in profit or loss.

Investment Property

Investment properties are properties held to earn rentals or for capital appreciation. Investment properties also include land held for a currently undetermined future use.

Freehold investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs, and are subsequently measured using the fair value model. Changes in the fair value of investment properties are included in profit or loss for the period in which they arise.

On derecognition of an investment property, the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is included in profit or loss.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets acquired separately

Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment loss. Amortization is recognized on a straight-line basis. The estimated useful life, residual value, and amortization method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis. The residual value of an intangible asset with a finite useful life is assumed to be zero unless the Company expects to dispose of the intangible asset before the end of its economic life. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives that are acquired separately are measured at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

Derecognition of intangible assets

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, are recognized in profit or loss when the asset is derecognized.

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Impairment of Property, Plant and Equipment, Right-of-use Asset, Intangible Assets Other Than Goodwill

At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its property, plant and equipment, right-of-use asset and intangible assets, excluding goodwill, to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss. When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. Corporate assets are allocated to the individual cash-generating units on a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment at least annually and whenever there is an indication that the assets may be impaired.

The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. If the recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset or cash-generating unit is reduced to its recoverable amount, with the resulting impairment loss recognized in profit or loss.

When an impairment loss is subsequently reversed, the carrying amount of the asset or cash-generating unit is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but only to the extent of the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset or cash-generating unit in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss.

Financial Instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issuance of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at FVTPL) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at FVTPL are recognized immediately in profit or loss.

a. Financial assets

All regular way purchases or sales of financial assets are recognized and derecognized on a trade date basis.

1) Measurement categories

Financial assets are classified into the following categories: Financial assets at FVTPL and financial assets at amortized cost.

a) Financial assets at FVTPL

Financial assets are classified as at FVTPL when such a financial asset is mandatorily classified as at FVTPL. Financial assets mandatorily classified as at FVTPL include investments in equity instruments which are not designated as at FVTOCI and debt instruments that do not meet the amortized cost criteria or the FVTOCI criteria.

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Financial assets at FVTPL are subsequently measured at fair value, and any dividends or interest earned on such financial assets are recognized in other income and interest income, respectively; any remeasurement gains or losses on such financial assets are recognized in other gains or losses. Fair value is determined in the manner described in Note 31.

b) Financial assets at amortized cost

Financial assets that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at amortized cost:

i. The financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows; and
ii. The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Subsequent to initial recognition, financial assets at amortized cost, including cash and cash equivalents, time deposits with original maturity more than 3 months, accounts receivable (including related parties) at amortized cost, other receivables, refundable deposits and other financial assets, are measured at amortized cost, which equals the gross carrying amount determined using the effective interest method less any impairment loss. Exchange differences are recognized in profit or loss.

Interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount of such a financial asset, except for:

i. Purchased or originated credit-impaired financial assets, for which interest income is calculated by applying the credit-adjusted effective interest rate to the amortized cost of such financial assets; and
ii. Financial assets that are not credit impaired on purchase or origination but have subsequently become credit impaired, for which interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the amortized cost of such financial assets in subsequent reporting periods.

A financial asset is credit impaired when one or more of the following events have occurred:

i) Significant financial difficulty of the issuer or the borrower;
ii) Breach of contract, such as a default;
iii) It is becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or undergo a financial reorganization; or
iv) The disappearance of an active market for that financial asset because of financial difficulties.

Cash equivalents include time deposits and repurchase agreements collateralized by bonds with original maturities of within 3 months from the date of acquisition, which are highly liquid, readily convertible to a known amount of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. These cash equivalents are held for the purpose of meeting short-term cash commitments.

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2) Impairment of financial assets

The Company recognizes a loss allowance for expected credit losses on financial assets at amortized cost (including accounts receivable).

The Company always recognizes lifetime expected credit losses (i.e., ECLs) for accounts receivable. For all other financial instruments, the Company recognizes lifetime ECLs when there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition. If, on the other hand, the credit risk on a financial instrument has not increased significantly since initial recognition, the Company measures the loss allowance for that financial instrument at an amount equal to 12-month ECLs.

Expected credit losses reflect the weighted average of credit losses with the respective risks of default occurring as the weights. Lifetime ECLs represent the expected credit losses that will result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. In contrast, 12-month ECLs represent the portion of lifetime ECLs that is expected to result from default events on a financial instrument that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.

For internal credit risk management purposes, the Company determines that the following situations indicate that a financial asset is in default (without taking into account any collateral held by the Company):

a) Internal or external information show that the debtor is unlikely to pay its creditors.

b) When a financial asset is more than 90 days past due unless the Company has reasonable and corroborative information to support a more lagged default criterion.

The impairment loss of all financial assets is recognized in profit or loss by a reduction in their carrying amounts through a loss allowance account.

3) Derecognition of financial assets

The Company derecognizes a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another party.

On derecognition of a financial asset at amortized cost in its entirety, the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognized in profit or loss.

b. Equity instruments

Debt and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.

Equity instruments issued by the Company are recognized at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

The repurchase of the Company’s own equity instruments is recognized in and deducted directly from equity. The carrying amount is calculated by weighted average of the stock types and is calculated separately according to the reason for recovery. No gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issuance or cancellation of the Company’s own equity instruments.

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c. Financial liabilities

1) Subsequent measurement

Except the financial liabilities at FVTPL and financial guarantee contracts, all financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

Financial liabilities at FVTPL are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognized in profit or loss. The net gain or loss recognized in profit or loss incorporates any interest paid on the financial liability.

Fair value is determined in the manner described in Note 31.

2) Derecognition of financial liabilities

The difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability derecognized and the consideration paid, including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed, is recognized in profit or loss.

d. Derivative financial instruments

The Company enters into a variety of derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to foreign exchange rate risks, including foreign exchange forward contracts.

Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value at the date the derivative contracts are entered into and are subsequently remeasured to their fair value at the end of each reporting period. The resulting gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss immediately unless the derivative is designated and effective as a hedging instrument, in which event the timing of the recognition in profit or loss depends on the nature of the hedge relationship. When the fair value of derivative financial instruments is positive, the derivative is recognized as a financial asset; when the fair value of derivative financial instruments is negative, the derivative is recognized as a financial liability.

Provisions

Provisions are measured at the best estimate of the discounted cash flows of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation.

Provisions for the expected cost of warranty obligations to assure that products comply with agreed-upon specifications are recognized on the date of sale of the relevant products at the best estimate by the management of the Company of the expenditures required to settle the Company's obligations.

Revenue Recognition

The Company identifies contracts with customers, allocates the transaction price to the performance obligations and recognizes revenue when performance obligations are satisfied.

a. Revenue from the sale of goods

Revenue from the sale of goods comes from sales of semiconductor and computer integrated circuit products. Revenue and accounts receivable are recognized when the goods are sold and the customer assumes the right to set the price, use of the goods, the primary responsibility for reselling, and takes the obsolescence risk of the goods.

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b. Revenue from the rendering of services

Revenue from product design and testing services is recognized when the performance obligations of services are fulfilled.

Leasing

At the inception of a contract, the Company assesses whether the contract is, or contains, a lease.

a. The Company as lessor

Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of a lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

Lease payments (less any lease incentives payable) from operating leases are recognized as income on a straight-line basis over the terms of the relevant leases. Initial direct costs incurred in obtaining operating leases are added to the carrying amounts of the underlying assets and recognized as expenses on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. Lease modification that resulted from a negotiation with a lessee is accounted for as a new lease from the effective date of modification.

Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognized as income in the periods in which they are earned.

b. The Company as lessee

The Company recognizes right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for all leases at the commencement date of a lease, except for short-term leases and low-value asset leases accounted for applying a recognition exemption where lease payments are recognized as expenses on a straight-line basis over the lease terms.

Right-of-use assets are initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial measurement of lease liabilities adjusted for lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs needed to restore the underlying assets, and less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses and adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liabilities. Right-of-use assets are presented on a separate line in the parent company only balance sheets.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement dates to the earlier of the end of the useful lives of the right-of-use assets or the end of the lease terms.

Lease liabilities are initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, which comprise fixed payments, in-substance fixed payments, variable lease payments which depend on an index or a rate, residual value guarantees, the exercise price of a purchase option if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option, and payments of penalties for terminating a lease if the lease term reflects such termination, less any lease incentives receivable. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in a lease, if that rate can be readily determined. If that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate.

Subsequently, lease liabilities are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, with interest expense recognized over the lease terms. When there is a change in a lease term or a change in future lease payments resulting from a change in an index or a rate used to determine those payments, the Company remeasures the lease liabilities with a corresponding adjustment to the right-of-use assets. However, if the carrying amount of the right-of-use assets is reduced to zero, any remaining amount of the remeasurement is recognized in profit or loss. For a lease modification that is not accounted for as a separate lease, the Company accounts for the remeasurement of the lease liability by (a) decreasing the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset of lease modifications that decreased the scope of the lease,

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and recognizing in profit or loss any gain or loss on the partial or full termination of the lease; (b) making a corresponding adjustment to the right-of-use asset of all other lease modifications. Lease liabilities are presented on a separate line in the parent company only balance sheets.

Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognized as expenses in the periods in which they are incurred.

Employee Benefits

a. Short-term employee benefits

Liabilities recognized in respect of short-term employee benefits are measured at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the related service.

b. Retirement benefits

Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit plans are recognized as an expense when employees have rendered service entitling them to the contributions.

Defined benefit costs (including service cost, net interest and remeasurement) under the defined benefit retirement benefit plans are determined using the projected unit credit method. Service cost (including current service cost and net interest on the net defined benefit liability (asset) are recognized as employee benefits expense in the period they occur. Remeasurement, comprising actuarial gains and losses and the return on plan assets (excluding interest), is recognized in other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurement recognized in other comprehensive income is reflected immediately in retained earnings and will not be reclassified to profit or loss.

Net defined benefit liability (asset) represents the actual deficit (surplus) in the Company's defined benefit plan. Any surplus resulting from this calculation is limited to the present value of any refunds from the plans or reductions in future contributions to the plans.

c. Other long-term employee benefits

Other long-term employee benefits are accounted for in the same way as the accounting required for defined benefit plans except that remeasurement is recognized in profit or loss.

d. Termination benefits

A liability for a termination benefit is recognized at the earlier of when the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of the termination benefit and when the Company recognizes any related restructuring costs.

Share-based Payment Arrangements

The fair value at the grant date of the equity-settled share-based payments granted to employees is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the Company's best estimates of the number of shares or options that are expected to ultimately vest, with a corresponding increase in capital surplus - share-based payment. The share-based payment is recognized as an expense in full at the grant date if vested immediately.

At the end of each reporting period, the Company revises its estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest. The impact of the revision of the original estimates is recognized in profit or loss such that the cumulative expenses reflect the revised estimate, with a corresponding adjustment to capital surplus - share-based payment.

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Taxation

Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

a. Current tax

Income tax payable (recoverable) is based on taxable profit (loss) for the year determined according to the applicable tax laws of each tax jurisdiction.

According to the Income Tax Act in the ROC, an additional tax on unappropriated earnings is provided for in the year the shareholders approve to retain earnings.

Adjustments of prior years' tax liabilities are added to or deducted from the current year's tax provision.

b. Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the parent company only financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognized for all deductible temporary differences, unused loss carryforward and unused tax credits for purchases of machinery, equipment and technology, research and development expenditures, and personnel training expenditures to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilized.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and associates, and interests in joint ventures, except where the Company is able to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising from deductible temporary differences associated with such investments and interests are only recognized to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profits against which to utilize the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. A previously unrecognized deferred tax asset is also reviewed at the end of each reporting period and recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profit will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realized, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

c. Current tax and deferred tax for the year

Current tax and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current tax and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.

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5. MATERIAL ACCOUNTING JUDGMENTS AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY

In the application of the Company’s accounting policies, management is required to make judgments, estimations and assumptions on the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

When developing material accounting estimates, the Company considers the possible impact of US reciprocal tariffs on the cash flow projection, growth rates, discount rates, profitability and other relevant material estimates. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis.

Key Sources of Estimation Uncertainty

a. Fair value measurements and valuation processes on investment properties

If the Company’s investment properties measured at fair value have no quoted prices in active markets, the Company will determine whether to engage third party qualified appraisers and the appropriate valuation techniques for the fair value measurements.

If Level 1 inputs are not available, the Company or engaged appraisers will determine appropriate inputs by referring to the existing lease contracts and rentals of similar properties in the vicinity of the Company’s investment properties. If the actual changes of inputs in the future differ from expectation, the fair value may vary accordingly. The Company updates inputs every quarter to confirm the appropriateness of the fair value measurement.

Information on the valuation techniques and inputs used in determining the fair value of investment properties is disclosed in Note 14.

b. Write-down of inventory

Net realizable value of inventory is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. The estimation of net realizable value was based on current market conditions and the historical experience of selling products of a similar nature. Changes in market conditions may have a material impact on the estimation of net realizable value.

Inventories are measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Judgment and estimation are applied in the determination of net realizable value at the end of reporting period. Inventories are usually written down to net realizable value item by item if those inventories are damaged, have become wholly or partially obsolete, or if their selling prices have declined.

6. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

	December 31
	2025	2024
Cash on hand	$ 551	$ 531
Checking accounts and demand deposits	996,988	1,202,825
Cash equivalents (investments with original maturities of less than three months)
Time deposits	4,085,401	2,852,295
Repurchase agreements collateralized by bonds	-	96,006
	$ 5,082,940	$ 4,151,657

---

The market rate intervals of cash equivalents at the end of the reporting period were as follows:

	December 31
	2025	2024
Time deposits	1.64%-4.20%	4.40%-4.95%
Repurchase agreements collateralized by bonds	-	1.02%

7. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AT FVTPL

	December 31
	2025	2024
Financial assets at FVTPL - current
Financial assets classified as at FVTPL
Domestic listed shares	$ 433,833	$ 296,915
Overseas listed shares	12	28
	$ 433,845	$ 296,943
Financial assets at FVTPL - non-current
Financial assets classified as at FVTPL
Domestic unlisted shares	$ 101,253	$ 48,653
Overseas unlisted shares	3,190	1,801
Domestic private convertible bonds	-	276,298
	$ 104,443	$ 326,752
Financial liabilities at FVTPL - current
Financial liabilities classified as at FVTPL
Derivative financial liabilities (not under hedge accounting)
Foreign exchange forward contracts	$ -	$ 995

At the end of the year, outstanding foreign exchange contacts not under hedge accounting were as follows:

December 31, 2025: None.

December 31, 2024

	Amount	December 31, 2024
		Maturity Date	Rate of Exchange
Buy forward foreign exchange (USD:NTD)	US$11,000	2025.01.03	$32.68-$32.69

The Company held derivative financial instruments for trading purpose and earned profit from foreign exchange rate fluctuation.

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• 27 -

8. FINANCIAL ASSETS AT AMORTIZED COST

	December 31
	2025	2024
Current
Time deposits with original maturities of more than 3 months	$ -	$ 1,967,100

The market intervals of time deposits with original maturities of more than 3 months in the bank at the end of the reporting period were as follows:

	December 31
	2025	2024
Time deposits with original maturities of more than 3 months	-	4.05%-4.80%

9. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES

	December 31
	2025	2024
At amortized cost
Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable	$ 99,221	$ 124,865
Accounts receivable - related parties	197,849	73,502
Less: Allowance for impairment loss	(5,959)	(5,959)
	$ 291,111	$ 192,408
At amortized cost
Other receivables
Other receivables - related parties	$ 4,837	$ 2,380
Interest receivable	19,800	27,342
Others	2,170	1,174
	$ 26,807	$ 30,896

Receivables

The average credit period of sales of goods was 60 to 90 days. In determining the recoverability of receivables, the Company considers any changes in the credit quality of the receivable from the date the credit was initially granted to the end of the reporting period. The Company adopted a policy of only dealing with entities that have good credit rating and obtaining sufficient collateral, where appropriate, as a means of mitigating the risk of financial loss from defaults. Credit rating information is obtained from publicly available financial information or the Company's own trading records to rate its major customers. The Company's exposure and the credit ratings of its counterparties are continuously monitored, and the aggregate value of transactions concluded is spread amongst approved counterparties.

Before accepting any new customer, the Company evaluates the potential customer's credit quality and defines the credit limits and ratings of the customers. The Company evaluates the financial performance periodically for the adjustment of credit limits once a year.

---

The Company uses lifetime expected loss provision for all trade receivables. The expected credit losses on trade receivables are estimated using a provision matrix by reference to past default experience of the debtor and an analysis of the debtor's current financial position, adjusted for general economic conditions of the industry in which the debtor operates and an assessment of both the current as well as the forecast direction of economic conditions at the reporting date. As the Company's historical credit loss experience does not show significantly different loss patterns for different customer segments, the provision for loss allowance based on past due status is not further distinguished according to the Company's different customer base.

The Company writes off accounts receivable when there is information indicating that the debtor is in severe financial difficulty and there is no realistic prospect of recovery. For accounts receivable that have been written off, the Company continues to engage in enforcement activity to attempt to recover the receivables due. Where recoveries are made, these are recognized in profit or loss.

The following table details the loss allowance of accounts receivable based on the Company's provision matrix.

December 31, 2025

	Not Past Due	Less than 60 Days	61 to 90 Days	Over 90 Days	Total
Expected credit loss rate	0.50%-10%	10%-30%	30%-50%	100%
Gross carrying amount	$ 297,070	$ -	$ -	$ -	$ 297,070
Loss allowance (lifetime ECLs)	(5,959)	-	-	-	(5,959)
Amortized cost	$ 291,111	$ -	$ -	$ -	$ 291,111

December 31, 2024

	Not Past Due	Less than 60 Days	61 to 90 Days	Over 90 Days	Total
Expected credit loss rate	0.50%-10%	10%-30%	30%-50%	100%
Gross carrying amount	$ 198,367	$ -	$ -	$ -	$ 198,367
Loss allowance (lifetime ECLs)	(5,959)	-	-	-	(5,959)
Amortized cost	$ 192,408	$ -	$ -	$ -	$ 192,408

The above aging schedule was based on the past due days.

The movements of the loss allowance of accounts receivable (including related parties) were as follows:

	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Balance, beginning and end of year	$ 5,959	$ 5,959

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• 29 -

10. INVENTORIES

	December 31
	2025	2024
Merchandise	$ 30,098	$ 35,912
Finished goods	121,789	347,635
Work-in-process	742,482	787,074
Raw materials	565,219	767,120
	$ 1,459,588	$ 1,937,741

The cost of inventories recognized as cost of goods sold for the year ended December 31, 2025 were $233,437 thousand and $2,472 thousand, respectively, due to the devaluation and obsolescence of inventories. and loss on physical inventory.

The cost of inventories recognized as cost of goods sold for the year ended December 31, 2024 were $72,124 thousand and $741 thousand, respectively, due to the devaluation and obsolescence of inventories. and loss on physical inventory.

11. INVESTMENTS ACCOUNTED FOR USING THE EQUITY METHOD

	December 31
	2025	2024
Investment in subsidiaries	$ 15,943,121	$ 15,518,483
Investment in associates	498,036	478,378
	$ 16,441,157	$ 15,996,861

a. Investments in subsidiaries

	December 31
	2025	2024
Listed equity investments
Vate Technology Co., Ltd.	$ 332,762	$ 353,469
VIA Labs, Inc.	1,484,836	1,462,901
Unlisted equity investments
VIATECH Co., Ltd.	5,599,115	4,702,213
VIABASE Co., Ltd.	7,660,259	7,409,993
TUNGBASE Technologies Ltd.	-	-
VIA AI Auto, Co., Ltd	1,352	-
VIA Innoverse Inc.	11,050	10,998
VIA Intelligent Automotive, Inc.	2,981	3,401
VIA Next Technologies, Inc.	454,543	1,575,508
Brillify Tech Inc.	396,223	-
	$ 15,943,121	$ 15,518,483

---

At the end of the reporting period, the proportion of ownership and voting rights in subsidiaries held by the Company were as follows:

	December 31
	2025	2024
Vate Technology Co., Ltd.	66.28%	66.28%
VIA Labs, Inc. (Note 1)	55.76%	55.67%
VIATECH Co., Ltd.	100.00%	100.00%
VIABASE Co., Ltd.	100.00%	100.00%
TUNGBASE Technologies Ltd. (Note 2)	-	100.00%
VIA AI Auto, Co., Ltd (Note 2)	100.00%	-
VIA Innoverse Inc.	100.00%	100.00%
VIA Intelligent Automotive, Inc.	100.00%	100.00%
VIA Next Technologies, Inc.	100.00%	100.00%
Brillify Tech Inc. (Note 3)	100.00%	-

Note 1: For the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, VLI employees exercised share options, and the Company acquired 159 thousand common shares of VLI for $13,895 thousand in cash in April 2025. Please refer to Notes 28 for the changes in shareholdings,.
Note 2: The Company invested US$50 thousand in July 2025 and established VIA AI Auto, Co., Ltd. In the same month, the Company completed a reorganization of the investment structure of TUNGBASE TECHNOLOGIES LTD. The investment holding was transferred from VIA Technologies, Inc. to VIA AI Auto, Co., Ltd. in July 2025.
Note 3: The Company invested NT$5,000 thousand in March 2025 and established Brillify Tech Inc. with a 100% shareholding. conducted issuance of ordinary shares for cash in November the same year, and the Company recognized its investment amounts in accordance with its percentage of ownership, with the investment amounting to $395,000 thousand.
VIATECH CO., LTD. conducted capital increases for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the Company recognized its investment amounts in accordance with its percentage of ownership, with the investment amounting to $281,160 thousand and $288,630 thousand, respectively.
VIABASE CO., LTD. conducted capital increases for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the Company recognized its investment amounts in accordance with its percentage of ownership, with the investment amounting to $562,770 thousand and $288,630 thousand, respectively.

Refer to Note 37 for the details of the subsidiaries indirectly held by the Company.

Investment in subsidiaries were accounted for using the equity method and the share of profit or loss and other comprehensive income of those investments were calculated based on financial statements which have been audited.

b. Investments in associates

	December 31
	2025	2024
Associates that are not individually material
Intumit Inc.	$ 39,001	$ 27,828
iDOT Computers, Inc.	-	-
HLJ technology Co., Ltd.	459,035	450,550
	$ 498,036	$ 478,378

---

Aggregate information of the associates that are not individually material is set out below.

	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
The Company's share of:
Net loss for the year	$ (186,352)	$ (116,321)
Other comprehensive income and loss	(74)	16
Total comprehensive income and loss for the year	$ (186,426)	$ (116,305)

In February 2024, Intumit Inc. conducted a capital increase, with the Company investment amounting to $4,909 thousand.

The Company subscribed the private equity for 18,190 thousand shares and 30,000 thousand shares of common stock in HLJ Technology Co., Ltd. through a private placement in October 2025 and March 2024 for $200,090 thousand and $300,000 thousand in cash, respectively, resulting in a 47.76% and 36.03% ownership, respectively. According to the Securities and Exchange Act, the private placement shares cannot be transferred for three years. HLJ Technology Co., Ltd applied to the Financial Supervisory Commission in January 2026 and obtained approval to withdraw its public issuance.

Except for Intumit Inc. in 2025 and 2024, investments were accounted for using the equity method and the share of profit or loss and other comprehensive income of those investments were calculated based on financial statements which have been audited. The management believes the financial statements of Intumit Inc. in 2025 and 2024, which have not been audited did not have material impact on the Company's financial statements.

The Company discontinued its financial support to iDOT Computers, Inc. in 2025 and 2024, and consequently, discontinued recognition of its share of losses of this associate. The Company's share of loss of its associate is limited to its interest in this associate. The amounts of unrecognized share of loss of this associate, both for the reporting periods and cumulatively, were as follows:

	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Unrecognized share of losses of the associate for the year	$ -	$ (9)
Accumulated unrecognized share of losses of the associate	$ (84)	$ (84)

12. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

	Land	Buildings and Improvements	Machinery and Equipment	Instrument Equipment	Others	Total
Cost
Balance on January 1, 2025	$ 750,915	$ 380,062	$ 68,130	$ 57,373	$ 116,019	$ 1,372,499
Additions	-	1,683	6,495	662	2,444	11,284
Disposal	-	-	(3,450)	(6,693)	(85)	(10,228)
Transfers from investment properties	48,497	15,190	-	-	-	63,687
Balance on December 31, 2025	$ 799,412	$ 396,935	$ 71,175	$ 51,342	$ 118,378	$ 1,437,242
						(Continued)

---

	Land	Buildings and Improvements	Machinery and Equipment	Instrument Equipment	Others	Total
Accumulated depreciation and impairment
Balance on January 1, 2025	$ -	$ 168,691	$ 54,440	$ 53,795	$ 104,624	$ 381,550
Depreciation expenses	-	9,969	7,765	1,531	6,529	25,794
Disposal	-	-	(3,450)	(6,693)	(85)	(10,228)
Transfers from investment properties	-	2,707	-	-	-	2,707
Balance on December 31, 2025	$ -	$ 181,367	$ 58,755	$ 48,633	$ 111,068	$ 399,823
Carrying amount on December 31, 2025	$ 799,412	$ 215,568	$ 12,420	$ 2,709	$ 7,310	$ 1,037,419
Cost
Balance on January 1, 2024	$ 689,273	$ 371,588	$ 62,143	$ 55,190	$ 112,329	$ 1,290,523
Additions	-	2,452	6,017	2,183	3,690	14,342
Disposal	-	-	(30)	-	-	(30)
Transfers from investment properties	61,642	6,022	-	-	-	67,664
Balance on December 31, 2024	$ 750,915	$ 380,062	$ 68,130	$ 57,373	$ 116,019	$ 1,372,499
Accumulated depreciation and impairment
Balance on January 1, 2024	$ -	$ 159,147	$ 47,425	$ 52,443	$ 96,956	$ 355,971
Depreciation expenses	-	9,454	7,045	1,352	7,668	25,519
Disposal	-	-	(30)	-	-	(30)
Transfers from investment properties	-	90	-	-	-	90
Balance on December 31, 2024	$ -	$ 168,691	$ 54,440	$ 53,795	$ 104,624	$ 381,550
Carrying amount on December 31, 2024	$ 750,915	$ 211,371	$ 13,690	$ 3,578	$ 11,395	$ 990,949

a. The above items of property, plant and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life as follows:

Buildings and improvements 5-55 years

Machinery and equipment 3-5 years

Instrument equipment 3-5 years

Others 2-5 years

The major component parts of the buildings held by the Company included plant structures and power supplies, etc., are depreciated over their estimated useful lives of 50 to 55 years and 5 years, respectively.

b. There were no capitalized interests for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

c. Refer to Note 33 for the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment pledged as collateral.

d. The land and building rented to third parties were classified as investment properties, refer to Note 14.

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• 33 -

13. LEASE ARRANGEMENTS

a. Right-of-use assets

	December 31
	2025	2024
Carrying amount
Buildings	$ 16,820	$ 9,579
	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Additions to right-of-use assets	$ 17,573	$ 2,527
Depreciation charge for right-of-use assets
Buildings	$ 9,621	$ 9,478

Except for the aforementioned addition and recognized depreciation, the Company did not have significant sublease or impairment of right-of-use assets during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

b. Lease liabilities

	December 31
	2025	2024
Carrying amount
Current	$ 9,173	$ 6,541
Non-current	$ 7,478	$ 2,942

Range of discount rates for lease liabilities was as follows:

	December 31
	2025	2024
Buildings	1.70%	1.70%

c. Material leasing activities and terms

The Company leases certain buildings for use as offices with lease terms of 1 to 20 years. The Company does not have bargain purchase options to acquire the leasehold buildings at the end of the lease terms. In addition, the Company is prohibited from subleasing or transferring all or any portion of the underlying assets without the lessor's consent.

d. Other lease information

	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Expenses relating to short-term leases	$ 2,568	$ 2,485
Total cash outflow for leases	$ 12,424	$ 11,731

---

The Company leases certain office equipment assets which qualify as short-term leases and low-value asset leases. The Company has elected to apply the recognition exemption and thus, did not recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for these leases.

14. INVESTMENT PROPERTIES

	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Balance, beginning of the year	$ 927,785	$ 985,896
Gain on changes in fair value of investment properties	66,496	9,463
Transfers to property, plant and equipment	(60,980)	(67,574)
Balance, end of the year	$ 933,301	$ 927,785

The investment properties were leased out for 1 to 3 years. All lease contracts contain market review clauses applicable to contract renewals. The lessee does not have a bargain purchase option to acquire the investment property at the expiry of the lease period.

The maturity analysis of lease payments receivable under operating leases of investment properties at December 31, 2025 and 2024 was as follows:

	December 31
	2025	2024
Year 1	$ 36,740	$ 41,601
Year 2	50	38,302
Year 3	25	-
Year 4	-	-
Year 5	-	-
	$ 36,815	$ 79,903

The fair values of investment properties with a carrying amount as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 were based on the valuations carried out by independent qualified professional appraisers, Jin Sheng Lin and Xuan-You Chen from Prudential Cross-Strait Real Estate Appraisers Firm, members of certified ROC real estate appraisers, who concluded that the fair values were reasonable.

The fair value of investment properties was estimated using unobservable inputs (Level 3). The movements in the fair value were as follows:

	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Balance, beginning of the year	$ 927,785	$ 985,896
Recognized in profit (gain arising from the change in fair value of investment property)
Unrealized	66,496	9,463
Transfers to property, plant and equipment	(60,980)	(67,574)
Balance, end of the year	$ 933,301	$ 927,785

---

The fair value of investment properties was measured using the income approach. The significant assumptions used were stated below. The increase in estimated future net cash inflows, or the decrease in discount rates would result in increase in the fair value.

	December 31
	2025	2024
Expected future cash inflows	$ 1,360,890	$ 1,350,807
Expected future cash outflows	(41,725)	(41,324)
Expected future cash inflows, net	$ 1,319,165	$ 1,309,483
Discount rate	3.33%-4.07%	3.33%-4.07%

The market rentals for comparable properties in the area where the investment property is located were $1 thousand per ping (per 3.3 square meters).

Most investment properties had been leased out under operating leases. Please refer to Note 24(b) for information on the generation of rental income. The disposal value of investment properties were $1,073,718 thousand and $1,064,314 thousand under the income approach on December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The expected future cash inflows generated by investment property included rental income, interest income on rental deposits and disposal value. Rental income is assessed based on the local rental rates of the subject property or market rental trends of similar comparables. The income analysis period is projected over a 10-year timeframe, the interest income on rental deposits was extrapolated using the Company's current rental, taking into account the annual rental growth rate; the time deposit interest rate for a 1-year; the disposal value was determined using the direct capitalization method under the income approach. The expected future cash outflows incurred by investment property included expenditure such as land value taxes, house taxes, maintenance costs, administrative expenses and insurance premium. These expenditures were extrapolated on the basis of the current level of expenditures, taking into account the future adjustment to the government-announced land value, the tax rate promulgated under the House Tax Act.

The discount rate was determined by reference to the interest rate for 2-year time deposits as posted by Chunghwa Post Co., Ltd., plus 0.75%, and any asset-specific risk premiums between 0.86% and 1.60%.

The investment properties held by the Company were all own interest. The investment properties pledged as collateral for bank borrowings were set out in Note 33.

15. INTANGIBLE ASSETS

	2025
	Patents	Computer Software	Total
Cost
Balance on January 1, 2025	$ 42,866	$ 398,354	$ 441,220
Acquisition	-	1,325	1,325
Disposal	(17,922)	(64,392)	(82,314)
Balance on December 31, 2025	$ 24,944	$ 335,287	$ 360,231
			(Continued)

---

	2025
	Patents	Computer Software	Total
Accumulated amortization and impairment
Balance on January 1, 2025	$(42,866)	$(394,989)	$(437,855)
Amortization	-	(1,984)	(1,984)
Disposal	17,922	64,392	82,314
Balance on December 31, 2025	$(24,944)	$(332,581)	$(357,525)
Carrying amount on December 31, 2025	$-	2,706	2,706
			(Concluded)
	2024
	Patents	Computer Software	Total
Cost
Balance on January 1, 2024	$42,866	$403,430	$446,296
Acquisition	-	4,270	4,270
Disposal	-	(9,346)	(9,346)
Balance on December 31, 2024	$42,866	$398,354	$441,220
Accumulated amortization and impairment
Balance on January 1, 2024	$(42,866)	$(399,110)	$(441,976)
Amortization	-	$(5,225)	$(5,225)
Disposal	-	9,346	9,346
Balance on December 31, 2024	$(42,866)	$(394,989)	$(437,855)
Carrying amount on December 31, 2024	$-	3,365	3,365
The above items of intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset:
Patents			3-5 years
Computer software			3-5 years

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• 37 -

16. OTHER ASSETS

	December 31
	2025	2024
Other financial assets	$ 2,185,701	$ 590,373
Value-added tax receivable	18,507	49,671
Prepaid expense	32,078	37,876
Prepayments of purchases of merchandise (Note 32)	20,777	25,031
Temporary payment	48,438	20,520
Excess value-added tax paid	-	7,823
Refundable deposits	7,189	7,188
	$ 2,312,690	$ 738,482
Current
Other financial assets	$ 2,181,116	$ 585,788
Other assets	$ 119,800	$ 140,921
Non-current
Other assets	$ 11,774	$ 11,773

The market interest rates of other financial assets at December 31, 2025 and 2024 were from 1.23% to 4.00% and from 0.75% to 4.80%, respectively.

The amount of other financial assets pledged by the Company for purchased from suppliers or customs security for imported raw materials, please refer to Note 33.

17. BORROWINGS

Long-term borrowings

	December 31
	2025	2024
Secured borrowings
Bank loans	$ 500,000	$ 700,000
Commercial paper (Note)	350,000	350,000
Unsecured borrowings
Bank loans	-	460,000
Less: Current portion	-	(160,000)
Long-term borrowings	$ 850,000	$ 1,350,000

Note: The Company entered into a commercial paper issuance agreement with a financial institution for a period of 3 years in December 2023. Under the agreement, commercial papers are issued with maturities of days and are reissued on a revolving basis at an interest rate of 1.998%. In accordance with the Q&A "Transition Requirements of the ARDF Q&A - Liability Classification of Funds Raised Through The Revolving Issuance of Commercial Papers" issued by the FSC on August 15, 2025, these commercial papers shall be classified as current liabilities from the date of the revolving issuance in January 2026.

---

The interest rates and maturity dates of the long-term borrowing of the Company were as follows:

	December 31
	2025	2024
Secured borrowings
Annual interest rate	2.00%-2.06%	1.98%-2.06%
Maturity date	It expires by December 2028	It expires by December 2028
Unsecured borrowings
Annual interest rate	-	1.95%-1.97%
Maturity date	-	It expires by March 2029

a. The Company had applied to O-Bank Co., Ltd. and China Bills Finance for $1,700,000 thousand of a syndicated loan in December 2023. The facility of the bank borrowings and commercial paper was $1,000,000 thousand and $700,000 thousand, respectively. The loan is utilized during the date starting from the first three years, the Company shall maintain the following financial ratios and restrictions during the contract period, and the financial ratios should be reviewed based on the audited parent company only annual financial statements:

• Current ratio: Current assets divided by current liabilities, no less than 100%.
• Liability ratio: Total liabilities divided by net tangible assets, no more than 200%.
• Net tangible assets: No less than $3,000,000 thousand.

b. The above financial ratios are reviewed at least once a year. If the Company violates the foregoing financial ratios, the administration bank will host a conference to decide whether that is a breach of the contract. If the banks decided that there was a breach of the contract, all of the debts become due and the Company should liquidate all the debts upon receiving the notification from the administration bank.

c. Refer to Note 33 for the carrying amount of assets pledged by the Company to secure borrowings banking facilities.

d. Outstanding long-term bills payable were as follows:

Promissory Institutions	Nominal Amount	Discount Amount	Carrying Value	Interest Rate
December 31, 2025
China Bills Finance	$ 350,000	$ -	$ 350,000	1.998%
December 31, 2024
China Bills Finance	$ 350,000	$ -	$ 350,000	1.993%

The payable of the commercial paper was recurring issued within three years, handing fees and interests were repaid only in the loan period.

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• 39 -

18. NOTES AND ACCOUNTS PAYABLE

	December 31
	2025	2024
Notes payable	$ 2,161	$ 169
Accounts payable	638,483	967,854
Accounts payable - related parties	49,421	34,292
	$ 690,065	$ 1,002,315

The average term of payment is 60 to 90 days. The Company has financial risk management policies in place to ensure that all payables are paid within the pre-agreed credit terms.

19. OTHER LIABILITIES

	December 31
	2025	2024
Other payables
Employees’ compensation and remuneration of directors (Note 24)	$ 562,718	$ 625,318
Salaries and bonuses	193,723	235,947
Royalty fees	13,036	35,141
Insurance	7,339	7,425
Pension	6,205	6,447
Equipment	2,175	3,388
Purchase of intangible assets	4,294	5,597
Others (Note 32)	35,451	38,053
	$ 824,941	$ 957,316
Other liabilities
Advance receipts	$ 748	$ 107
Receipts under custody	9,110	8,957
Temporary receipts	9,751	20,534
Guarantee deposit (Note 32)	3,667	3,180
	$ 23,276	$ 32,778
Current
Other payables	$ 824,941	$ 957,316
Other liabilities	$ 19,609	$ 29,598
Non-current
Other liabilities	$ 3,667	$ 3,180

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• 40 -

20. PROVISIONS

	December 31
	2025	2024
Current
Provisions for discounts and allowances	$ 457,889	$ 80,810
	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Balance, beginning of the year	$ 80,810	$ 247,379
Provisions recognized	398,379	100,442
Reversal of unused balance	-	(30,730)
Amount used	(21,300)	(236,281)
Balance, end of the year	$ 457,889	$ 80,810

21. RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS

Defined Contribution Plans

The pension plan under the Labor Pension Act (LPA) is a defined contribution plan. Based on the LPA, the Company makes monthly contributions to employees' individual pension accounts at 6% of monthly salaries and wages.

Defined Benefit Plans

Based on the defined benefit plan under the Labor Standards Act (LSA), pension benefits are calculated on the basis of the length of service and average monthly salaries of the 6 months before retirement. The Company contributed amounts equal to 2% of total monthly salaries and wages to the pension fund administered by the pension fund monitoring committee. The pension fund is deposited in Bank of Taiwan in the committee's name. Before the end of each year, the Company assesses the balance in the pension fund. If the amount of the balance in the pension fund is inadequate to pay retirement benefits for employees who conform to retirement requirements in the next year, the Company is required to fund the difference in one appropriation that should be made before the end of March of the next year. The pension fund is managed by the Bureau of Labor Funds, Ministry of Labor (the "Bureau"); the Company has no right to influence the investment policy and strategy.

The amounts included in the parent company only balance sheets in respect of the obligation of the Company under the defined benefit plans were as follows:

	December 31
	2025	2024
Present value of defined benefit obligation	$ (614,579)	$ (610,079)
Fair value of plan assets	339,503	343,113
Deficit	(275,076)	(266,966)
Asset ceiling	-	-
Net defined benefit liabilities	$ (275,076)	$ (266,966)
Defined benefit liabilities	$ 275,076	$ 266,966

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Movements in net defined benefit liability were as follows:

	Present Value of the Defined Benefit Obligation	Fair Value of the Plan Assets	Net Defined Benefit Liability
Balance on January 1, 2025	$ (610,079)	$ 343,113	$ (266,966)
Service cost
Current service cost	(2,460)	-	(2,460)
Net interest (expense) income	(9,152)	5,193	(3,959)
Recognized in profit or loss	(11,612)	5,193	(6,419)
Remeasurement
Return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest)	-	24,076	24,076
Actuarial loss - changes in financial assumptions	(12,343)	-	(12,343)
Actuarial loss - experience adjustments	(19,568)	-	(19,568)
Recognized in other comprehensive income	(31,911)	24,076	(7,835)
Contributions from the employer	-	6,144	6,144
Benefits paid	39,023	(39,023)	-
Balance on December 31, 2025	$ (614,579)	$ 339,503	$ (275,076)
Balance on January 1, 2024	$ (646,257)	$ 327,814	$ (318,443)
Service cost
Current service cost	(3,420)	-	(3,420)
Net interest (expense) income	(8,078)	4,136	(3,942)
Recognized in profit or loss	(11,498)	4,136	(7,362)
Remeasurement
Return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest)	-	28,989	28,989
Actuarial loss - changes in financial assumptions	13,473	-	13,473
Actuarial loss - experience adjustments	10,171	-	10,171
Recognized in other comprehensive income	23,644	28,989	52,633
Contributions from the employer	-	6,206	6,206
Benefits paid	24,032	(24,032)	-
Balance on December 31, 2024	$ (610,079)	$ 343,113	$ (266,966)

An analysis by function of the amounts recognized in profit or loss in respect of the defined benefit plans was as follows:

	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Summary of functions
Operating costs	$ 224	$ 261
Selling and marketing expenses	231	247
General and administrative expenses	1,173	1,316
Research and development expenses	4,791	5,538
	$ 6,419	$ 7,362

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Through the defined benefit plans under the LSA, the Company is exposed to the following risks:

a. Investment risk: The plan assets are invested in domestic/and foreign/equity and debt securities, bank deposits, etc. The investment is conducted at the discretion of the Bureau or under the mandated management. However, in accordance with relevant regulations, the return generated by plan assets should not be below the interest rate for a 2-year time deposit with local banks.

b. Interest risk: A decrease in the government bond interest rate will increase the present value of the defined benefit obligation; however, this will be partially offset by an increase in the return on the plan's debt investments.

c. Salary risk: The present value of the defined benefit obligation is calculated by reference to the future salaries of plan participants. As such, an increase in the salary of the plan participants will increase the present value of the defined benefit obligation.

The actuarial valuations of the present value of the defined benefit obligation were carried out by qualified actuaries. The significant assumptions used for the purposes of the actuarial valuations were as follows:

	December 31
	2025	2024
Discount rates	1.250%	1.500%
Expected rates of salary increase	3.500%	3.500%

If possible reasonable change in each of the significant actuarial assumptions occur and all other assumptions remain constant, the present value of the defined benefit obligation will increase (decrease) as follows:

	December 31
	2025	2024
Discount rates
0.25% increase	$ (12,343)	$ (13,048)
0.25% decrease	$ 12,739	$ 13,473
Expected rates of salary increase
0.25% increase	$ 12,250	$ 12,979
0.25% decrease	$ (11,934)	$ (12,638)

The sensitivity analysis presented above may not be representative of the actual change in the present value of the defined benefit obligation as it is unlikely that the change in assumptions would occur in isolation of one another as some of the assumptions may be correlated.

	December 31
	2025	2024
The expected contributions to the plan for the next year	$ 6,093	$ 6,140
The average duration of the defined benefit obligation	8.3 years	8.7 years

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1. EQUITY

Share Capital

Ordinary shares

	December 31
	2025	2024
Number of authorized shares (in thousands)	2,000,000	2,000,000
Amount of authorized shares	$ 20,000,000	$ 20,000,000
Number of issued and fully paid shares (in thousands)	555,675	555,296
Amount of issued and fully paid shares	$ 5,556,749	$ 5,552,960
Additional paid-in capital	6,131,378	6,123,236
	$ 11,688,127	$ 11,676,196
Advance receipts for share capital	$ 2,334	$ 2,198

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, employees exercised 115 thousand and 104 thousand units of share options and the procedure for capital registration has not been completed; therefore, it was recognized as advance receipts for share capital.

On August 29, 2024, VIA’s board of directors resolved to issue ordinary shares for cash to participate in the issuance of GDRs. On September 27, 2024, the Company issued 11,000 thousand units of GDRs on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange, with each unit representing 5 ordinary shares of VIA. This amounted to a total of 55,000 thousand shares with a unit price of US$19.08, raising a total of US$209,880 thousand.

As of December 31, 2025, the paid-in capital was $5,556,749 thousand, divided into 555,675 thousand ordinary shares at par value of $10.

As of December 31, 2024, there were 11,000 thousand units of GDRs redeemed, representing 55,000 thousand ordinary shares. There is 0 unit of outstanding GDRs, represented 0 thousand ordinary shares or 0% of the Company’s outstanding ordinary shares.

Capital Surplus

	December 31
	2025	2024
May be used to offset a deficit, distributed as cash dividends, or transferred to share capital
Issuance of ordinary shares	$ 6,131,378	$ 6,123,236
May only be used to offset a deficit
Change in percentage of ownership interests in the subsidiary (Note 28)	1,069,029	1,069,733
Change in capital surplus from investments in associates	77,837	70,039
May not be used for any purpose
Employee share options (Note 27)	12,254	18,992
Expired employee share options	5,616	3,029
	$ 7,296,114	$ 7,285,029

• 43 -

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Under the Company Law, capital surplus can only be used to offset a deficit. However, the capital surplus from share issued in excess of par (including additional paid-in capital from issuance of ordinary shares, conversion of bonds and treasury share transactions), difference between the amount of actual disposal or acquisition of interests in subsidiary and carrying value, and donations may be used to offset a deficit, which is limited to a certain percentage of the Company’s paid-in capital.

According to the amendment of the Company Law, the abovementioned capital surplus may be distributed in cash. Whereas, capital surplus arises from issuing employee share options and accounted for using the equity method may not be used for any other purpose other than offset a deficit. Such capital surplus arises from employee share options or employee share options from issuance of ordinary shares, which had been exercised, may be used to offset a deficit.

Retained Earnings and Dividend Policy

a. Under VIA’s Articles of Incorporation, VIA should make appropriations from its net income in the following order:

1) To pay taxes.
2) To cover accumulated losses, if any.
3) To appropriate 10% legal reserve unless the total legal reserve accumulated has already reached the amount of VIA’s paid-in capital.
4) To appropriate or reverse special reserve in accordance with the law and regulations.

5) After withholding the amounts under the above item (1) to (4), then any remaining profit together with any undistributed retained earnings shall be proposed by VIA’s board of directors as the basis for the distribution plan, which should be resolved in the shareholders’ meeting for distribution of dividends and bonus to shareholders.

b. In order to consider the overall environment and long-term financial planning for sustainable and stable business development, VIA’s dividend policy is mainly based on the future capital budget plan to measure capital needs and takes into account the interests of shareholders and other factors. VIA would distribute unappropriated earnings by cash dividends or share dividends, the amount should not be less than 10% of the after-tax earnings for the year. In addition, cash dividends should not be less than 10% of total dividends.

Under the Company’s Articles, when the earnings distribution of dividends and bonuses, capital reserve or legal reserve are paid in whole or in part in the form of cash distribution, the board of directors is authorized to adopt a special resolution to distribute dividends and bonuses. Therefore, more than two-thirds of the directors shall be present, and with the consent of the majority of the directors who are present, shall report such distribution to the shareholders in their meeting.

For the policies on the distribution of employees’ compensation and remuneration of directors and supervisors, refer to Note 24 (g).

Appropriation of earnings to legal reserve could be made until the legal reserve equals the Company’s paid-in capital. Legal reserve may be used to offset deficit. If the Company has no deficit and the legal reserve has exceeded 25% of the Company’s paid-in capital, the excess may be transferred to capital or distributed in cash.

• 44 -

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When a special reserve is appropriated for cumulative net debit balance reserves from prior period and cumulative net increases in fair value measurement of investment properties from prior period, the special reserve is only appropriated from the prior unappropriated earnings, the sum of net profit for current period and items other than net profit that are included directly in the unappropriated earnings for current period is used if the prior unappropriated earnings is not sufficient.

The appropriations of earnings for 2024 and 2023, which were resolved by the shareholders' meetings on June 20, 2025 and June 20, 2024 were as follows:

	2024	2023
Legal reserve	$ 111,813	$ 40,038
Special reserve	$ -	$ 7,956
Reversal of special reserve	$ 57,816	$ -
Cash dividends to shareholders	$ 111,120	$ 50,003
Cash dividends per share (NT$)	0.20	0.10

The appropriations of earnings for 2025 will be resolved by the Company's board of directors and the shareholders in the shareholders' meeting. Refer to the Market Observation Post System on the website of the Taiwan Stock Exchange for the information on the resolution of earnings distribution.

Other Equity

Exchange differences on translating the financial statements of foreign operations

	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Balance, beginning of year	$ 897,793	$ 222,793
Recognized for the year
Exchange differences arising from translating the foreign operations	(380,918)	674,984
Exchange differences arising from investment accounted for using the equity method	4	16
Balance, end of year	$ 516,879	$ 897,793

Exchange differences relating to the translation of the results of operations and net assets of the Company's foreign operations from their functional currencies to the Company's presentation currency (New Taiwan dollars) were recognized directly in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the foreign currency translation reserve. Exchange differences previously accumulated in the foreign currency translation reserve were reclassified to profit or loss on the disposal of the foreign operation.

Unrealized gain or loss on investments in equity instruments at FVTOCI

	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Balance, beginning of year	$ (204,916)	$ (106,092)
Recognized for the year
Share of unrealized loss on equity instruments at FVTOCI of subsidiaries accounted for using the equity method	272,804	(98,824)
Balance, end of year	$ 67,888	$ (204,916)

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Investments in equity instruments at FVTOCI are subsequently measured at fair value with gains and losses arising from changes in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in other equity. The cumulative gain or loss will not be reclassified to profit or loss on disposal of the equity investments; instead, it will be transferred to retained earnings.

Unearned employee benefits

The associate accounted for using the equity method issued restricted shares, and the Company recognized unearned employee benefits in accordance with the percentage of ownership.

	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Balance, beginning of year	$ -	$ (603)
The equity method is used to recognize the changes in the capital reserve of affiliated enterprises	-	603
Balance, end of year	$ -	$ -

23. REVENUE

	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Revenue from the sale of goods	$ 4,447,323	$ 5,371,953
Revenue from the rendering of services	418,253	358,687
	$ 4,865,576	$ 5,730,640
Contract balance
	December 31, 2025	December 31, 2024
Accounts receivables (Note 9)	$ 291,111	$ 192,408
Contract liabilities (Note 32)
Sales of goods	$ 3,467,933	$ 2,055,509

24. NET PROFIT FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS

a. Interest income

	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Bank deposits (time deposits with original maturity more than 3 months)	$ 204,685	$ 84,219
Repurchase agreements collateralized by bonds	46	518
Others	1	1
	$ 204,732	$ 84,738

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b. Other income

	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Rental income
Operating lease rental income
Investment properties	$ 32,256	$ 32,543
Others	13,135	14,199
Dividend income	5,868	4,555
Others	14,455	4,902
	$ 65,714	$ 56,199

c. Other gains and losses

	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Gain on fair value change of financial instruments at FVTPL	$ 88,935	$ 31,963
Net foreign exchange (loss) gains	(179,780)	204,975
Gain arising from the changes in fair value of investment properties (Note 14)	66,496	9,463
Gain on lease modification	60	-
Others	(39)	(26)
	$ (24,328)	$ 246,375

d. Finance costs

	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Interest on bank loans	$ 21,725	$ 46,329
Interest on lease liabilities	222	244
	$ 21,947	$ 46,573

e. Depreciation and amortization

	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Property, plant and equipment	$ 25,794	$ 25,519
Right-of-use assets	9,621	9,478
Intangible assets	1,984	5,225
	$ 37,399	$ 40,222
An analysis of depreciation by function
Operating costs	$ 9,450	$ 8,664
Operating expenses	25,965	26,333
	$ 35,415	$ 34,997
		(Continued)

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• 48 -

	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
An analysis of amortization by function
Operating costs	$ 43	$ 52
Operating expenses	1,941	5,173
	$ 1,984	$ 5,225
		(Concluded)

f. Employee benefits expense

	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Short-term benefits	$ 701,715	$ 831,666
Post-employment benefits (Note 21)
Defined contribution plans	24,938	25,100
Defined benefit plans	6,419	7,362
	31,357	32,462
Share-based payment	-	482
Total employee benefits expense	$ 733,072	$ 864,610
An analysis of employee benefits expense by function
Operating costs	$ 48,156	$ 47,634
Operating expenses	684,916	816,976
	$ 733,072	$ 864,610

g. Employees' compensation and remuneration of directors

According to the Company's Articles, the Company accrues compensation of employees and remuneration of directors at rates of no less than 5% and no higher than 1%, respectively, of net profit before income tax, compensation of employees and remuneration of directors. In accordance with the amendments to the Securities and Exchange Act in August 2024, the shareholders of the Company have resolve the amendments to the Company's Articles at their June 20, 2025 regular meeting. The amendments explicitly stipulate the allocation of no less than 3% of the compensation of employees as compensation distributions for non-executive employees. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 and which were approved by the Company's board of directors on March 11, 2026 and March 11, 2025, respectively, are as follows:

Accrual rate

	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Compensation of employees	5.11%	5.05%
Remuneration of directors	0.71%	0.14%

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Amount

	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025		2024
	Cash	Shares	Cash	Shares
Compensation of employees	$ 6,500	$ -	$ 57,000	$ -
Remuneration of directors	900	-	1,540	-

If there is a change in the amounts after the annual financial statements are authorized for issue, the differences are recorded as a change in the accounting estimate.

There was no difference between the amounts of the employees' compensation and the remuneration of directors approved by the board of directors and the amounts recognized in the financial statements for the years 2024 and 2023.

Information on the compensation to employees and remuneration to directors resolved by the board of directors in their meeting is available at the Market Observation Post System website of the Taiwan Stock Exchange.

h. Impairment losses

	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Inventories (included in operating costs)	$ 233,437	$ 72,124

25. INCOME TAXES RELATING TO CONTINUING OPERATIONS

a. Income tax recognized in profit or loss

The major components of tax expense were as follows:

	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Current tax
Income tax on unappropriated earnings	$ 47,020	$ 14,188
Adjustments for prior years	(11,295)	(11,752)
Deferred tax
In respect of the current year	14,997	1,802
Income tax expense recognized in profit or loss	$ 50,722	$ 4,238

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A reconciliation of accounting profit and income tax expense is as follows:

	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Profit before tax from continuing operations	$ 119,791	$ 1,071,216
Income tax expense calculated at the statutory rate (20%)	$ 23,958	$ 214,243
Tax-exempt income	(22,936)	(256,040)
Adjustments for prior years’ tax	(11,295)	(11,752)
Income tax on unappropriated earnings	47,020	14,188
Land value increment tax	14,997	1,802
Unrecognized loss carryforwards/deductible temporary differences	(1,022)	41,797
Income tax expense recognized in profit or loss	$ 50,722	$ 4,238

b. Current tax liabilities

	December 31
	2025	2024
Current tax liabilities
Income tax payable	$ 30,626	$ 19,683

c. Deferred tax liabilities

The movements of deferred tax liabilities were as follows:

For the year ended December 31, 2025

	Opening Balance	Recognized in Profit or Loss	Closing Balance
Deferred tax liabilities
Temporary differences
Investment properties	$ (138,982)	$ (14,997)	$ (153,979)
For the year ended December 31, 2024
	Opening Balance	Recognized in Profit or Loss	Closing Balance
Deferred tax liabilities
Temporary differences
Investment properties	$ (137,180)	$ (1,802)	$ (138,982)

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d. Unused loss carryforward

The amounts of loss carryforward as of December 31, 2025 were as follows:

Expiry Year	Unused Amount
2026	$ 2,400,165
2027	1,455,757
2028	782,382
2029	1,566,723
2031	209,891
	$ 6,414,918

e. Income tax status

The Company’s tax returns have been verified by the tax authorities until 2023.

1. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Unit: NT$ Per Share

	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Basic earnings per share	$ 0.12	$ 2.07
Diluted earnings per share	$ 0.12	$ 2.06

The earnings and weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding for the computation of earnings per share were as follows:

Net Profit for the Years

	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Profit for the year attributable to owners of the Company	$ 69,069	$ 1,066,978

The Company net income used in computation of basic earnings per share for the year 2025 and 2024 is identical to the net income used in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

• 51 -

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Shares

Unit: In Thousands of Shares

	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in computation of basic earnings per share	555,592	514,386
Effect of potentially dilutive ordinary shares
Employee share options	1,492	2,163
Employees’ compensation	253	600
Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in the computation of diluted earnings per share	557,337	517,149

27. SHARE-BASED PAYMENT ARRANGEMENTS

Employee Share Option Plan

Qualified employees of the Company and its subsidiaries were granted 5,000 thousand, 790 thousand and 4,210 thousand options in March 2020, October 2019 and November 2018, respectively. Each option entitles the holder to subscribe for one ordinary shares of the Company. The options granted are valid for 10 years and exercisable at certain percentages after the second anniversary from the grant date.

Years from the Grant Date	Accumulated Subscribed Percent
2	50%
3	75%
4	100%

The options were granted at an exercise price equal to the closing price of the Company's ordinary shares listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange on the grant date. For any subsequent changes in the Company's capital, the exercise price is adjusted accordingly.

Information on employee share options was as follows:

	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025		2024
	Number of Options (In Thousands of Units)	Weighted-average Exercise Price (NT$)	Number of Options (In Thousands of Units)	Weighted-average Exercise Price (NT$)
Balance, beginning of year	2,574	$ 20.38	3,695	$ 20.40
Options exercised	(390)	20.30	(1,121)	19.85
Options expired	(68)	20.48	-	-
Balance, end of year	2,116	20.39	2,574	20.38
Options exercisable, end of year	2,116		2,574	20.38

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Information on outstanding options is as follows:

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, information on outstanding options is as follows:

	December 31
	2025	2024
Range of exercise price (NT$)	$17.50-$33.60	$17.50-$33.60
Weighted-average remaining contractual life (in years)	3.74	4.73

Options granted in March 2020 and October 2019, were priced using the Black-Scholes pricing model and options granted in November 2018 were priced using the Binomial option pricing model, and the inputs to the model are as follows:

	March 2020	October 2019	November 2018
Grant-date share price (NT$)	$18.00	$34.60	$24.90
Exercise price	$18.00	$34.60	$24.90
Expected volatility	51.61%-53.28%	52.06%-53.01%	54.67%
Expected life (in years)	6-7	6-7	10
Expected dividend yield	-	-	-
Risk-free interest rate	0.5122%-0.5162%	0.6395%-0.6603%	0.9068%

Note: The grant-date share prices were $18.00, $34.60 and $24.90, respectively. The adjustment of exercise price was due to the cash dividends distribution in 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of December 31, 2025, the exercise price was $17.50, $33.60 and $24.20.

Expected volatility was based on the average of annual standard deviation historical share price volatility over the past 6-10 years.

The Company recognized compensation cost of $0 thousand and $482 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

28. EQUITY TRANSACTION WITH THE SUBSIDIARY

The employees of VLI, the subsidiary of VIA, exercised share options in 2025 and 2024 and the Company acquired 159 thousand common shares of VLI for $13,895 thousand in cash in April 2025, resulting in changes in the ownership interest from 55.67% to 55.76% and from 55.99% to 55.67%, respectively. The changes in equity were adjusted to reduce capital surplus by $9,621 thousand and $5,152 thousand, respectively.

The above transactions were accounted for as equity transaction, since the Company did not lose control over the subsidiary. Refer to Note 30 to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025 for the details.

29. NON-CASH TRANSACTIONS

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company entered into the following non-cash investing activities which were not reflected in the parent company only statements of cash flows:

a. The Company's acquisition of property, plant and equipment in the amounts of $2,175 thousand and $3,388 thousand were not yet paid as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

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b. The Company’s acquisition of intangible assets - computer software in the amounts of $4,294 thousand and $5,597 thousand were not yet paid as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

30. CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

The Company manages its capital to ensure it will be able to continue as going concerns while maximizing the return to stakeholders by optimizing the debt and equity balance.

The capital structure of the Company consists of net liabilities (borrowings minus cash and cash equivalents) and the equity of the Company (comprising issued capital, capital surplus, retained earnings and other equity).

The Company is subject to the capital structure requirements of the Bank Credit Agreement, please refer to Note 17.

31. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

a. Financial instruments not measured at fair value

The management considers that the carrying amounts of financial assets and financial liabilities not measured at fair value were approximate amounts of their fair value or the fair value cannot be measured reliably.

b. Fair value measurements recognized in the parent company only balance sheets

The following table provides an analysis of financial instruments that are measured subsequent to initial recognition at fair value, grouped into Levels 1 to 3 based on the degree to which the fair value is observable:

• Level 1 fair value measurements are those derived from quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
• Level 2 fair value measurements are those derived from inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e., as prices) or indirectly (i.e., derived from prices); and
• Level 3 fair value measurements are those derived from valuation techniques that include inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

December 31, 2025

	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Total
Financial assets at FVTPL
Domestic and overseas listed shares	$ 433,845	$ -	$ -	$ 433,845
Domestic and overseas unlisted shares	-	-	104,443	104,443
	$ 433,845	$ -	$ 104,443	$ 538,288

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December 31, 2024

	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Total
Financial assets at FVTPL
Domestic and overseas listed shares	$ 296,943	-	$ -	$ 296,943
Domestic and overseas unlisted shares	-	-	50,454	50,454
Domestic private convertible bonds	-	-	276,298	276,298
	$ 296,943	$ -	$ 326,752	$ 623,695
Financial liabilities at FVTPL
Financial liabilities held for trading
Derivative financial liabilities (not under hedge accounting)
Foreign exchange forward contracts	$ -	$ 995	$ -	$ 995

There were no transfers between Levels 1 and 2 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

c. Reconciliation of Level 3 fair value measurements of financial instruments

For the year ended December 31, 2025

Financial Assets	Financial Assets at FVTPL
Balance, beginning of year	$ 326,752
Addition	30,400
Recognized in profit or loss (included in other gains and losses)	70,211
Transfers out of Level 3 (Note)	(322,920)
Balance, end of year	$ 104,443

Note: The transfer from level 3 to level 1 is because quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets data became available for the equity investments.

For the year ended December 31, 2024

Financial Assets	Financial Assets at FVTPL
Balance, beginning of year	$ 279,688
Recognized in profit or loss	47,064
Balance, end of year	$ 326,752

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d. Valuation techniques and assumptions applied for the purpose of measuring fair value

The fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities were determined as follows:

1) The fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities with standard terms and conditions which are traded on active liquid markets are determined with reference to quoted market prices (includes listed corporate callable bonds, shares, draft, corporate bonds and bonds without maturity date). If such quoted prices are not available, valuation techniques are applied. The estimates and assumptions used by the Company are consistent with those that market participants would use in setting a price for the financial instrument;

2) The fair values of derivative instruments were calculated using quoted prices. If such quoted prices are not available, a discounted cash flow analysis was performed using the applicable yield curve for the duration of the instruments for non-optional derivatives, and option pricing models for optional derivatives. The estimates and assumptions used by the Company were consistent with those that market participants would use in setting a price for the financial instrument;

3) Valuation techniques and inputs applied for Level 2 fair value measurement

Financial Instruments	Valuation Techniques and Inputs
Derivatives - foreign exchange forward contracts	Foreign currency forward contracts were measured using quoted forward exchange rates and yield curves derived from quoted interest rates that match the maturities of the contracts.

4) Valuation techniques and inputs applied for Level 3 fair value measurement

Financial Instruments

Valuation Techniques and Inputs

Domestic private convertible bonds

Calculated by adding the conversion right to the value of the pure bond: The value of the pure bond is calculated by adding the interest compensation of the bond at the maturity date to the discounted value of the bond. In addition, the value of the conversion right is calculated based on the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model with the exercise price, the spot price of the conversion target, volatility rate, risk-free interest rate, cash dividend rate and duration as the evaluation parameters in the issuance method.

Investments in equity instruments are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value measurement hierarchy due to the lack of quoted prices in an active market; the fair values of financial assets categorized into Level 3 are based on valuations provided by market participants or quoted prices of the counterparty. Quantitative information is not disclosed since the relationship between significant unobservable inputs and the fair value cannot be fully controlled.

5) Valuation process for level 3 fair value measurement

The Company evaluates and confirms the reliability, independence and correspondence of the information sources of the estimated value. Appropriate adjustments are made to ensure the rationality of the valuation presented.

6) Sensitivity analysis of the fair value regarding reasonable and possible alternative assumption within Level 3

No sensitivity analysis using alternative assumptions is done since the valuation of the financial instruments did not adopt self-estimation model.

• 56 -

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• 57 -

Categories of Financial Instruments

	December 31
	2025	2024
Financial assets
Financial assets at FVTPL	$ 538,288	$ 623,695
Financial assets at amortized cost (Note 1)	7,593,748	6,939,622
Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities at FVTPL	-	995
Financial liabilities at amortized cost (Note 2)	2,368,673	3,472,811

Note 1: The balances included financial assets at amortized cost, which comprise cash and cash equivalents, time deposits with original maturities of over than 3 months, accounts receivable (including related parties), other receivables (including related parties), refundable deposits and other financial assets.

Note 2: The balances included financial liabilities measured at amortized cost, which comprise notes and accounts payable (including related parties), other payables (including related parties), long-term borrowings (including maturity in one year) and guarantee deposits received.

Financial Risk Management Objectives and Policies

The Company's financial instruments mainly include equity investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable, lease liabilities and long-term debt. The Company's Department of Finance and Accounting provides services to the business, co-ordinates access to domestic and international financial markets, monitors and manages the financial risks relating to the operations of the Company through analyzing the exposures by degree and magnitude of risks. These risks include market risk (including foreign exchange rate risk, interest rate risk and other price risk), credit risk and liquidity risk.

The Company sought to minimize the effects of these risks by using derivative financial instruments and non-derivative financial instruments to hedge risk exposures. The use of financial derivatives was governed by the Company's policies approved by the board of directors, which provide written principles on foreign exchange risk, interest risk, credit risk, the use of financial derivatives and non-derivative financial instruments, and the investment of excess liquidity.

a. Market risk

The Company's activities exposed it primarily to the financial risks of changes in foreign currency exchange rates (see (1) below) and interest rates (see (2) below).

There has been no change to the Company's exposure to market risks or the manner in which these risks were managed and measured.

1) Foreign currency risk

The carrying amounts of the Company's foreign currency denominated monetary assets and monetary liabilities at the end of the year were set out in Note 36.

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• 58 -

Sensitivity analysis

The Company was mainly exposed to the United States dollar (USD).

The following table shows the Company's sensitivity to a 2% increase and decrease in New Taiwan dollars (the functional currency) against the relevant foreign currencies. A 2% is the sensitivity rate used when reporting foreign currency risk internally to key management personnel and represents management's assessment of the reasonably possible change in foreign exchange rates. The sensitivity analysis included only outstanding foreign currency denominated monetary items and foreign currency forward contracts, and adjusts their translation at the end of the reporting period for a 2% change in foreign currency rates.

	Currency USD Impact
	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Profit or loss	$ 22,084	$ 61,205
Equity	265,215	242,244

2) Interest rate risk

The carrying amounts of the Company's financial assets and financial liabilities with exposure to interest rates at the end of the reporting period were as follows.

	December 31
	2025	2024
Fair value interest rate risk
Financial assets	$ 6,271,102	$ 5,505,774
Financial liabilities	16,651	9,483
Cash flow interest rate risk
Financial liabilities	850,000	1,510,000

Sensitivity analysis

The sensitivity analyses below were determined based on the Company's exposure to interest rates for both derivative and non-derivative instruments at the end of the reporting period. The financial assets exposed into interest rate risk were mainly certificates of time deposits. Because the interest rate was determined when depositing, the financial assets abovementioned were not affected by interest rate risk and excluded from the sensitivity analysis. The interest rate of financial liabilities was determined when borrowing, the financial liabilities were not affected by interest rate risk and excluded from the sensitivity analysis. For the financial liabilities exposed into cash flow risk (with floating interest rate), the Company made the assumption that the financial liabilities were outstanding during the reporting period. A 0.1% basis point increase or decrease was used when reporting interest rate risk internally to key management personnel and represents management's assessment of the reasonably possible change in interest rates.

If interest rates had been 0.1% basis points higher/lower and all other variables were held constant, the Company's before-tax profit for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 would have increased/decreased by $850 thousand and $1,510 thousand, respectively, which was mainly attributable to the Company's exposure to interest rates on its variable-rate bank borrowings.

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3) Other price risk

The Company was exposed to equity price risk through its investments in listed equity securities and convertible bond. The equity investment is not held for trading but a strategic investment, and the Company does not aggressively trade such investments.

Sensitivity analysis

The sensitivity analyses below were determined based on the exposure to equity price risks at the end of the reporting period.

If equity prices had been 10% higher/lower, before-tax profit for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 would have increased/decreased by $53,829 thousand and $62,370 thousand, respectively, as a result of the changes in fair value of financial assets at FVTPL.

b. Credit risk

Credit risk refers to the risk that counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the Company. As at the end of the reporting period, the Company’s maximum exposure to credit risk, which will cause a financial loss to the Company due to failure of counterparty to discharge an obligation and financial guarantees provided by the Company, could arise from:

1) The carrying amount of the respective recognized financial assets as stated in the balance sheets;
2) The amount of contingent liabilities in relation to financial guarantee issued by the Company.

The Company adopted a policy of dealing only with creditworthy counterparties and obtaining sufficient collateral, where appropriate, as a means of mitigating the risk of financial loss from defaults. The Company only transacts with entities that are rated the equivalent of investment grade and above. This information is supplied by independent rating agencies where available and, if not available, the Company uses other publicly available financial information and its own trading records to rate its major customers. The Company’s exposure and the credit ratings of its counterparties are continuously monitored, and the aggregate value of transactions concluded is spread amongst approved counterparties. Credit exposure is controlled by counterparty limits that are reviewed and approved by the risk management committee annually.

Accounts receivable from 3 largest accounts receivable customers amounted to $248,587 thousand and $152,995 thousand as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company’s concentration of credit risk of 84% and 77% in total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, was related to the three largest accounts receivable customers in the Company.

c. Liquidity risk

The Company manages liquidity risk by monitoring and maintaining a level of cash and cash equivalents deemed adequate to finance the Company’s operations and mitigate the effects of fluctuations in cash flows. In addition, management monitors the utilization of bank borrowings and ensures compliance with loan covenants.

1) Liquidity and interest risk rate tables for non-derivative financial liabilities

The following table detailed the Company’s remaining contractual maturity for its non-derivative financial liabilities with agreed repayment periods. The tables had been drawn up based on the undiscounted cash flows of financial liabilities. The tables included both interest and principal cash flows.

• 59 -

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To the extent that interest flows are floating rate, the undiscounted amount was derived from the interest rate curve at the end of the reporting period.

December 31, 2025

	Effective Interest Rate (%)	On Demand or Less than 1 Month	1-3 Months	3 Months to 1 Year	1-5 Years	Total
Non-derivative financial liabilities
Non-interest bearing	-	$ 551,121	$ 358,575	$ 605,310	$ 3,667	$ 1,518,673
Lease liabilities	1.70	817	2,426	6,416	8,379	18,038
Variable interest rate liabilities	2.00-2.06	-	-	-	850,000	850,000
		$ 551,938	$ 361,001	$ 611,726	$ 862,046	$ 2,386,711

December 31, 2024

	Effective Interest Rate (%)	On Demand or Less than 1 Month	1-3 Months	3 Months to 1 Year	1-5 Years	Total
Non-derivative financial liabilities
Non-interest bearing		$ 362,846	$ 907,851	$ 688,934	$ 3,180	$ 1,962,811
Lease liabilities	1.70	787	1,575	4,531	2,968	9,861
Variable interest rate liabilities	1.95-2.06	-	-	160,000	1,350,000	1,510,000
		$ 363,633	$ 909,426	$ 853,465	$ 1,356,148	$ 3,482,672

The amounts included above for variable interest rate instruments for both non-derivative financial assets and liabilities was subject to change if changes in variable interest rates differ from those interest rates determined at the end of the reporting period.

The following table details the Company's liquidity analysis of its derivative financial instruments. The table is based on the undiscounted contractual net cash inflows and outflows on derivative instruments that settle on a gross basis, and the undiscounted gross inflows and outflows on those derivatives that require gross settlement. When the amount payable or receivable is not fixed, the amount disclosed is determined by reference to the projected interest rates as illustrated by the yield curves at the end of the year.

December 31, 2025: None.

December 31, 2024

	On Demand or Less than 1 Month	1-3 Months	3 Months to 1 Year	1-5 Years	5+ Years
Gross settled
Foreign exchange forward contracts
Inflows	$ 358,530	$ -	$ -	$ -	$ -
Outflows	(359,525)	-	-	-	-
	$ (995)	$ -	$ -	$ -	$ -

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• 61 -

2) Financing facilities

	December 31
	2025	2024
Unsecured bank loan facility:
Amount used	$ -	$ 460,000
Amount unused	1,700,000	1,600,000
	$ 1,700,000	$ 2,060,000
Secured bank loan facility:
Amount used	$ 850,000	$ 1,050,000
Amount unused	1,330,000	1,670,000
	$ 2,180,000	$ 2,720,000

1. RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Details of transactions between the Company and other related parties were as follows:

a. The names and relationships of related parties

Related Party	Related Party Category
Vate Technology Co., Ltd.	Subsidiary
VIA Labs, Inc.	Subsidiary
VIA Next Technologies Co., Ltd.	Subsidiary
VIA Intelligent Automotive, Inc.	Subsidiary
VIA Innovative Inc.	Subsidiary
Brillify Tech Inc.	Subsidiary
VIA Technologies (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.	Subsidiary
VIA Technologies, Inc.	Subsidiary
VIA Technologies Japan K.K.	Subsidiary
VIA Technologies (HK) Inc. Limited	Subsidiary
VIA Telecom Co., Ltd.	Associate
Catchplay Media Holdings Ltd.	Associate
CW & ET Link Inc	Other related party
Timtech Investment Inc.	Other related party
Chinese Christian Faith and Love Foundation	Other related party
HTC Corporation	Other related party
Xander International Corp.	Other related party
AREX (TWN) International Co., Ltd.	Other related party
Chinese Human Resources Institute of Social Technology Inc.	Other related party
Chiuan-En Foundation	Other related party
FHL Creative Ltd.	Other related party
FHL Cultural and Educational Foundation	Other related party
TVBS Media Inc.	Other related party
JCM Investment	Other related party
King's Sports Co., Ltd.	Other related party
Xander International (HK) LTD.	Other related party
J-M Eagle	Other related party
HTC Education Foundation	Other related party
V Media Technology Inc.	Other related party

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b. Operating revenue

Line Item	Related Party Category/Name	For the Year Ended December 31
		2025	2024
Sales	Subsidiaries	$ 411,092	$ 487,212
	Other related parties	3,663	5,582
		$ 414,755	$ 492,794
Other operating income	Subsidiaries	$ 42,191	$ 62,411
	Associates	2,363	2,393
	Other related parties
	TVBS Media Inc.	9,843	114,604
	Others	5,660	4,858
		$ 60,057	$ 184,266

Selling prices to related parties are similar with other regular sales except for some kinds of merchandise that have no comparison and some other related parties whose prices are less than normal due to greater sales volume. Terms of credit for both related and unrelated parties are similar except for some other related parties that adopted the offset of credits and debits of property.

The Company entered into technical support and supervision agreements with related parties and recognized service income according to agreements.

c. Purchase

Related Party Category/Name	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Purchase
Subsidiaries	$ 68,464	$ 149,458
Other related parties	17,038	4,308
	$ 85,502	$ 153,766

Terms of purchasing prices and payment for both related and unrelated parties are similar.

d. Contract liabilities

	December 31
Related Party Category/Name	2025	2024
Other related parties	$ -	$ 30

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e. Receivables from related parties

Line Item	Related Party Category/Name	December 31
		2025	2024
Account receivables	Subsidiaries
	VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.	$ 182,276	$ -
	VIA Intelligent Automotive, Inc.	-	52,872
	Others	12,555	19,553
	Other related parties	3,018	1,077
		$ 197,849	$ 73,502
Other receivables	Subsidiaries
	VIA Next Technologies, Inc.	$ 4,427	$ 1,924
	Others	255	164
	Other related parties	155	292
		$ 4,837	$ 2,380

The outstanding accounts receivable from related parties are unsecured. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, no impairment loss was recognized for receivables from related parties.

f. Payables to related parties

Line Item	Related Party Category/Name	December 31
		2025	2024
Account payables	Subsidiaries	$ 37,986	$ 32,912
	Other related parties	11,435	1,380
		$ 49,421	$ 34,292
Other payables	Subsidiaries	$ 6,046	$ 3,135
	Other related parties	838	133
		$ 6,884	$ 3,268

The outstanding accounts payable to related parties are unsecured and will be settled in cash.

g. Acquisition of property, plant and equipment

	Purchase Price
	For the Year Ended December 31
Related Party Category/Name	2025	2024
Other related parties	$ 592	$ 680

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h. Other transactions with related parties

Related Party Category/Name	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Rental income (1)
Subsidiaries
VIA Next Technologies, Inc.	$ 23,734	$ 24,717
VIA Labs, Inc.	15,281	15,274
Others	3,648	3,612
Other related parties	2,534	2,885
	$ 45,197	$ 46,488
Other income (2)
Subsidiaries
VIA Intelligent Automotive, Inc.	$ -	$ 2,216
Others	43	123
	$ 43	$ 2,339
Administrative expenses
Other related parties	$ 5,899	$ -
Research expenses
Other related parties	$ 192	$ -
Guarantee deposits
Subsidiaries
Vate Technology Co., Ltd.	$ 632	$ 632
Other related parties	84	59
	$ 716	$ 691
Prepayment for purchases
Subsidiaries	$ 12,237	$ -

1) The Company rented out part of its land and building and improvements to the related parties. Rental prices were determined based on the prevailing rates in the surrounding area.
2) The Company has entered into management support, technical consulting, and supervision agreements. The support revenue accounted for based on these agreements were recognized as other income, others were miscellaneous and samples revenue.

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i. Compensation of key management personnel

	For the Year Ended December 31
	2025	2024
Short-term benefits	$ 31,272	$ 30,568
Share-based payment	-	77
Post-employment benefits	540	630
Other benefits	300	320
	$ 32,112	$ 31,595

The remuneration of directors and key executives, as determined by the remuneration committee, was based on the performance of individuals and market trends.

33. ASSETS PLEDGED AS COLLATERAL

The following assets were provided as collateral for borrowings, purchased from suppliers or customs security for imported raw materials as follows:

	December 31
	2025	2024
Property, plant and equipment, net	$ 946,123	$ 890,849
Investment properties	933,301	927,785
Pledged time deposits (recognized as other financial assets)	2,185,701	590,373
	$ 4,065,125	$ 2,409,007

34. SIGNIFICANT CONTINGENT LIABILITIES, UNRECOGNIZED COMMITMENTS AND EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD

Significant Commitments

Refer to Table of Note 37 (Table 1) for endorsements/guarantees provided.

35. OTHERS

Significant Contracts

Contractor	Item	Contract Period	Description	Restrictions
Intel	Patent agreement	From April 8, 2003, remains in effect	a. CPU and chipsets patent agreement.	None
			b. The Company shall pay the fees according to the agreement signed between the two parties.

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• 66 -

36. SIGNIFICANT ASSETS AND LIABILITIES DENOMINATED IN FOREIGN CURRENCIES

The Company’s significant financial assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies aggregated by the foreign currencies other than functional currencies and the related exchange rates between foreign currencies and respective functional currencies were as follows:

December 31, 2025

	Foreign Currency	Exchange Rate
Financial assets
Monetary items
USD	$ 166,325	31.43
Investments accounted for using the equity method
USD	421,913	31.43
Financial liabilities
Monetary items
USD	131,193	31.43
December 31, 2024
	Foreign Currency	Exchange Rate
Financial assets
Monetary items
USD	$ 192,999	32.79
Investments accounted for using the equity method
USD	369,444	32.79
Financial liabilities
Monetary items
USD	88,671	32.79
Non-monetary items
USD (derivative financial instruments)	11,000	32.79

The foreign currency exchange (loss) gains (including realized and unrealized) of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were $(179,780) thousand and $204,975 thousand, respectively. Due to the wide variety of foreign currency transactions and the functional currencies of the Company, it is impossible to disclose all the significant net foreign exchange gain (loss).

37. SEPARATELY DISCLOSED ITEMS

a. Information on significant transactions and b. information on investees:

1) Financing provided to others (None)
2) Endorsements/guarantees provided (Table 1)

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3) Significant marketable securities held (excluding investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures) (Table 2)

4) Total purchases from or sales to related parties amounting to at least NT$100 million or 20% of the paid-in capital (Table 3)

5) Receivables from related parties amounting to at least NT$100 million or 20% of the paid-in capital (Table 4)

6) Intercompany relationships and significant intercompany transactions (Table 5)

c. Information on investments in mainland China

1) Information on any investee company in mainland China, showing the name, principal business activities, paid-in capital, method of investment, inward and outward remittance of funds, ownership percentage, net income of investees, investment income or loss, carrying amount of the investment at the end of the year, repatriations of investment income, and limit on the amount of investment in the mainland China area (Table 6)

2) Any of the following significant transactions with investee companies in mainland China, either directly or indirectly through a third party, and their prices, payment terms, and unrealized gains or losses (Table 6):

a) The amount and percentage of purchases and the balance and percentage of the related payables at the end of the year

b) The amount and percentage of sales and the balance and percentage of the related receivables at the end of the year

c) The amount of property transactions and the amount of the resultant gains or losses

d) The balance of negotiable instrument endorsements or guarantees or pledges of collateral at the end of the year and the purposes

e) The highest balance, the ending balance, the interest rate range, and total current period interest with respect to the financing of funds

f) Other transactions that have a material effect on the profit or loss for the year or on the financial position, such as the rendering or receipt of services

• 67 -

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TABLE 1

VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

ENDORSEMENTS/GUARANTEES PROVIDED

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025

(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars, Unless Stated Otherwise)

No. (Note 1)	Endorser/Guarantor	Endorse/Guarantee		Limit on Endorsement/ Guarantee Given on Behalf of Each Party (Note 3)	Maximum Amount Endorsed/ Guaranteed During the Period (Note 4)	Outstanding Endorsement/ Guarantee at the End of the Period (Note 5)	Actual Amount Borrowed (Note 6)	Amount Endorsed/ Guaranteed by Collateral	Ratio of Accumulated Endorsement/ Guarantee to Net Equity in Latest Financial Statements (%)	Aggregate Endorsement/ Guarantee Limit (Note 3)	Endorsement/ Guarantee Given by Parent on Behalf of Subsidiaries (Note 7)	Endorsement/ Guarantee Given by Subsidiaries on Behalf of Parent (Note 7)	Endorsement/ Guarantee Given on Behalf of Companies in Mainland China (Note 7)	Note
		Name	Relationship (Note 2)
0	VIA Technologies, Inc.	VIA Next Technologies, Inc.	b	$ 4,270,478	$ 480,000	$ 480,000	$ -	$ -	2.25	$ 10,676,195	Y	N	N	Note 8
		Brillify Tech Inc.	b	4,270,478	395,763	395,763	-	-	1.85	10,676,195	Y	N	N	Note 8
1	VIATECH CO., LTD.	HuiLink Technologies (Xiamen) Co., Ltd.	f	1,120,110	128,863 (US$ 4,100)	128,863 (US$ 4,100)	38,241	128,863	2.30	2,800,277	Y	N	Y	Note 9
2	VIA Labs, Inc.	HuiLink Technologies (Xiamen) Co., Ltd.	b	573,441	188,580 (US$ 6,000)	188,580 (US$ 6,000)	52,185	145,000	6.58	1,433,602	Y	N	Y	Note 10

Note 1: The description of the code column is as follows:
a. The Company is coded "0".
b. The investees are coded sequentially beginning from "1" by each individual company.

Note 2: There are 7 types of relationships between the endorser/guarantor and the endorsed/guaranteed party as follows, just indicate the type:
a. Companies with business dealings.
b. A company in which the Company directly or indirectly holds more than 50% of the voting shares.
c. A company directly or indirectly holds more than 50% of the voting shares of the Company.
d. A company in which the Company directly or indirectly holds more than 90% of the voting shares.
e. Companies that provide mutual insurance for those of the same industry or as co-builders in accordance with contractual provisions based on the needs for construction project contracts.
f. A company that is endorsed and guaranteed by all shareholders of the Company based on their ownership percentage due to a joint investment relationship.
g. The companies that are engaged in joint and several guarantees for the performance of a pre-sale property contract in accordance with the Consumer Protection Act.

Note 3: Fill in limit on endorsements/guarantees provided for a single party and ceiling on total amount of endorsements/guarantees provided as prescribed in the endorser/guarantor company's "Procedures for Provision of Endorsements and Guarantees", and state each individual party to which the endorsements/guarantees have been provided and the calculation of the ceiling on total amount of endorsements/guarantees provided in the footnote.

Note 4: The maximum balance of the endorsement/guarantee provided to others in the current year.

Note 5: The amount approved by the board of directors shall be entered. However, it refers to the amount approved by the chairman if the board of directors authorizes the chairman to make a decision in accordance with Subparagraph 8, Article 12 of the Regulations Governing Loaning of Funds and Making of Endorsements/Guarantees by Public Companies.

Note 6: The actual drawdown amount by the endorsed/guaranteed company within the range of the endorsement/guarantee balance shall be entered.

Note 7: "Y" shall only be entered for those that belong to endorsement/guarantee from publicly listed parent company to subsidiary, from subsidiary to publicly listed parent company, or to entity in Mainland China.

Note 8: The limit of the endorsement/guarantee for a single enterprise shall not exceed 20 of the net value of the most recent financial statements; the maximum limit of the endorsement/guarantee shall not exceed 50 of the net value of the most recent financial statements.

Note 9: The limit of the endorsement/guarantee for a single enterprise shall not exceed 20 of the net value of the most recent financial statements; the maximum limit of the endorsement/guarantee shall not exceed 50 of the net value of the most recent financial statements.

Note 10: The limit of the endorsement/guarantee for a single enterprise shall not exceed 20 of the net value of the most recent financial statements; the maximum limit of the endorsement/guarantee shall not exceed 50 of the net value of the most recent financial statements.

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TABLE 2

VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

SIGNIFICANT MARKETABLE SECURITIES HELD

DECEMBER 31, 2025

(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars, Unless Stated Otherwise)

Holding Company Name	Type and Name of Marketable Securities	Relationship with the Holding Company	Financial Statement Account	Balance as of December 31, 2025				Note
				Number of Shares (In Thousands)	Carrying Amount	Percentage of Ownership (%)	Fair Value
VIA Labs, Inc.	Unlisted equity investments
ACHI Capital Partners Fund LP.	None	Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income - non-current	-	$ 725,683	5.78	$ 725,683
VIABASE CO., LTD.	Unlisted equity investments
ACHI Capital Partners Fund LP.	None	Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income - non-current	-	1,452,360	11.56	1,452,360
VIA TECHNOLOGIES (HK) INC. LTD	Unlisted company
Shanghai Zhaoxin Semiconductor Co., Ltd.	None	Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss - non-current	61,479	1,056,438	3.52	1,056,438
VIA Technologies (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.	Unlisted company
Shanghai Zhaoxin Semiconductor Co., Ltd.	None	Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss - non-current	34,114	586,187	1.96	586,187

Note: This table lists the securities that the company has determined, based on the principle of materiality, must be disclosed.

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TABLE 3

VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

TOTAL PURCHASES FROM OR SALES TO RELATED PARTIES AMOUNTING TO AT LEAST NT$100 MILLION OR 20% OF THE PAID-IN CAPITAL

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025

(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars, Unless Stated Otherwise)

Buyer	Related Party	Relationship	Transaction Details				Abnormal Transaction		Notes/Accounts Receivable (Payable)		Note
			Purchase/Sale	Amount	% of Total	Payment Terms	Unit Price	Payment Terms	Ending Balance	% of Total
VIA Technologies, Inc.	VIA Technologies, Inc. (USA)	Subsidiary	Sales	$ (359,058)	(8)	2-3 months	The sales volume is large, and its price is lower than usual	Same as general customers	$ 182,276	63
VIA Technologies, Inc. (USA)	VIA Technologies, Inc.	Parent	Purchase	359,058	78	2-3 months	The purchase volume is large, and the price is lower than the general	Same as general vendors	(182,276)	(100)
VIA Technologies (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.	VIA CPU PLATFORM (HK) LIMITED	The same ultimate parent company	Service revenue	(264,930)	(96)	2-3 months	Similar to non-related party transaction.	Same as general customers	25,074	51
VIA CPU PLATFORM (HK) LIMITED	VIA Technologies (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.	The same ultimate parent company	Research expenses	264,930	34	2-3 months	Similar to non-related party transaction.	Same as general vendors	(25,074)	(6)
VIA Technologies (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.	VIA CPU PLATFORM (HK) LIMITED	The same ultimate parent company	Service revenue	(182,416)	(100)	2-3 months	Similar to non-related party transaction.	Same as general customers	88,004	99
VIA CPU PLATFORM (HK) LIMITED	VIA Technologies (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.	The same ultimate parent company	Research expenses	182,416	23	2-3 months	Similar to non-related party transaction.	Same as general vendors	(88,004)	(22)
VIA Technologies (China) Co., Ltd.	VIA CPU PLATFORM (HK) LIMITED	The same ultimate parent company	Service revenue	(142,084)	(97)	2-3 months	Similar to non-related party transaction.	Longer than general customers	259,350	100
VIA CPU PLATFORM (HK) LIMITED	VIA Technologies (China) Co, Ltd.	The same ultimate parent company	Research expenses	142,084	18	2-3 months	Similar to non-related party transaction.	Longer than general vendors	(259,350)	(64)
VIA Technologies, Inc. (USA)	VIA CPU PLATFORM (HK) LIMITED	The same ultimate parent company	Service revenue	(155,528)	(93)	2-3 months	Similar to non-related party transaction.	Same as general customers	30,254	100
VIA CPU PLATFORM (HK) LIMITED	VIA Technologies, Inc. (USA)	The same ultimate parent company	Research expenses	155,528	20	2-3 months	Similar to non-related party transaction.	Same as general vendors	(30,254)	(8)

---

TABLE 4

VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

RECEIVABLES FROM RELATED PARTIES AMOUNTING TO AT LEAST NT$100 MILLION OR 20% OF THE PAID-IN CAPITAL

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025

(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars, Unless Stated Otherwise)

Company Name	Related Party	Relationship	Ending Balance	Turnover Rate	Overdue		Amount Received in Subsequent Period	Allowance for Impairment Loss
					Amount	Actions Taken
VIA Technologies, Inc.	VIA TECHNOLOGIES INC. (USA)	The same ultimate parent company	$ 182,276	3.94	$ -	-	$ -	$ -
VIA Technologies (China) Co, Ltd.	VIA CPU PLATFORM (HK) LIMITED	The same ultimate parent company	259,350	0.59	-	-	-	-

---

TABLE 5

VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

INFORMATION ON INVESTEES

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025

(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars, Unless Stated Otherwise)

Investor Company	Investee Company	Location	Main Businesses and Products	Investment Amount		Balance as of December 31, 2025			Net Loss of the Investee	Investment Loss Recognized	Share of Profit (Loss)		Note
				Ending Balance	Beginning Balance	Shares (In Thousands)	Percentage of Ownership (%)	Carrying Value			Cash Dividend	Share Dividend
VIA Technologies, Inc.	VIATECH CO., LTD.	Vistra Corporate Services Centre, Wickhams Cay II, Road Town, Tortola, VG1110, British Virgin Islands	International investment	$ 2,736,292	$ 2,455,132	108,202	100.00	$ 5,599,115	$ 729,546	$ 729,546	$ -	$ -	Note 1
	VIABASE CO., LTD.	Vistra Corporate Services Centre, Wickhams Cay II, Road Town, Tortola, VG1110, British Virgin Islands	International investment	4,483,685	3,920,915	142,383	100.00	7,660,259	(285,267)	(284,142)	-	-	Note 2
	VIA AI Auto, Co., Ltd	The Grand Pavilion Commercial Centre, Okeanite Way, 802 West Bay Road, P.O. Box 32052, Grand Cayman, KY1-1208, Cayman Islands	International investment	1,471	-	50	100.00	1,352	(218)	(218)	-	-
	TUNGBASE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.	Vistra Corporate Services Centre, Wickhams Cay II, Road Town, Tortola, VG1110, British Virgin Islands	International investment	-	41,570	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Note 8
	VIA Innovative Inc.	8th Floor, No. 533, Zhongsheng Road, Xindian District, New Taipei City	Manufacturing and selling of electronic parts and information software processing services	10,000	10,000	1,000	100.00	11,050	52	52	-	-
	VIA Next Technologies, Inc.	2th Floor, No. 525, Zhongsheng Road, Xindian District, New Taipei City	Manufacturing and selling of electronic parts and information software processing services	134,560	134,560	60,000	100.00	454,543	112,752	66,421	1,187,400	-	Note 4
	Vate Technology Co., Ltd.	No. 9, Lixing 5th Road, Science Industrial Park, Hsinchu City	Integrated circuits chip testing and packaging services	493,031	493,031	52,656	66.28	332,762	(31,116)	(20,707)	-	-	Note 5
	VIA Labs, Inc.	7th Floor, No. 529, Zhongsheng Road, Xindian District, New Taipei City	Manufacturing and selling of electronic parts and information software processing services	149,979	136,084	39,002	55.76	1,484,836	77,635	43,439	70,187	-	Note 3
	VIA Intelligent Automotive, Inc.	8th Floor, No. 525, Zhongsheng Road, Xindian District, New Taipei City	Manufacturing and selling of electronic parts	2,600	2,600	260	100.00	2,981	53	53	473	-
	iDOT Computers, Inc.	7th Floor, No. 493, Zhongsheng Road, Xindian District, New Taipei City	Manufacturing electronic parts	55,000	55,000	5,500	22.82	-	-	-	-	-	Note 6
	Intunit Inc.	4th Floor 3, No. 293, Section 1, Beixin Road, Xindian District, New Taipei City	Manufacturing electronic parts and information software processing services	28,909	28,909	1,336	3.98	39,001	81,691	3,445	1,804	-
	HLJ technology Co., Ltd.	No. 2, Guangfu South Road, Hukou Township, Hsinchu County	Manufacturing and selling of electronic parts and information software processing services	533,054	554,940	47,369	47.76	459,035	(489,220)	(189,797)	-	-
Brillify Tech Inc.	8th Floor, No. 525, Zhongsheng Road, Xindian District, New Taipei City	Manufacturing and selling of electronic parts and information software processing services	400,000	-	40,000	100.00	396,223	(3,751)	(3,751)	-	-
VIABASE CO., LTD.	IP-FIRST LLC.	15 East North Street, Dover, Kent County, Delaware 19901, USA	Designing and manufacturing of CPU and licensing of microprocessor-related intellectual property	391,271	391,271	-	100.00	-	-	-	-	-
	VIA TELECOM CO., LTD.	P.O. Box 709 George Town Grand Cayman	1. Wireless communications 2. International investment	7,496	7,496	1	48.94	66,906	(5,758)	(2,818)	-	-
	Catchplay Media Holdings Ltd.	Vistra Corporate Services Centre, Wickhams Cay II, Road Town, Tortola, VG1110, British Virgin Islands	International investment	39,720	39,720	2,000	3.40	-	-	-	-	-	Note 6
	VIA USA, INC.	CO pachalaki, stang Ziehl Young & Jones P.C. 10100 Sana Monica boulevard, Suite 1100, Los Angeles CA 90067	International investment	4,311,593	4,311,593	-	100.00	880,331	20,547	20,547	-	-
	VIA TECHNOLOGIES JAPAN K.K.	15-7, Higashi 3-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo	Manufacturing, researching, developing and selling of integrated circuits and other semiconductor devices.	6,386	6,386	1	100.00	10,157	28	28	-	-
T. C. Connection Corporation	Vistra Corporate Services Centre, Wickhams Cay II, Road Town, Tortola, VG1110, British Virgin Islands	International investment	2,370	2,370	5,000	100.00	-	-	-	-	-
TECHBASE CO., LTD.	Windward 1, Regatta Office Park, PO Box 897, Grand Cayman KY1-1103, Cayman Islands	International investment	328,011	328,011	11,520	100.00	756,011	264,299	264,299	-	-

(Continued)

---

Investor Company	Investor Company	Location	Main Businesses and Products	Investment Amount		Balance as of December 31, 2025			Net Loss of the Investor	Investment Loss Recognized	Share of Profit (Loss)		Note
				Ending Balance	Beginning Balance	Shares (In Thousands)	Percentage of Ownership (%)	Carrying Value			Cash Dividend	Share Dividend
VIA CPU PLATFORM CO., LTD.	VIA CPU PLATFORM CO., LTD.	Vistra Corporate Services Centre, Wickham City II, Road Town, Tortola, VG1110, British Virgin Islands	1. International investment
2. Selling of PC chipset	$ 3,581,381	$ 2,934,396	115,853	100.00	$ 3,680,125	$(676,678)	$(676,678)	$ -	$ -
	TUNGBASE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.	Vistra Corporate Services Centre, Wickham City II, Road Town, Tortola, VG1110, British Virgin Islands	International Investment	1,471	-	50	100.00	1,423	(148)	(148)	-	-	Note 8
VIA CPU PLATFORM CO., LTD.	CENTAUR TECHNOLOGY, INC.	940 Mission Court Fremont, CA 94539	Designing, manufacturing and selling of CPU	1,026,428	1,026,428	-	100.00	4,069,947	104,172	104,172	-	-
	VIA CPU PLATFORM (HK) LIMITED	Room 3602, Level 36, Tower 1, Enterprise Square Five, 38 Wang Chiu Road, Kowloon Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong	Contract technical service support of CPU	649,166	2,062,241	509	100.00	(401,065)	(780,906)	(780,906)	-	-	Note 7
	VIA CPU PLATFORM TRADING (HK) LIMITED	Room 3602, Level 36, Tower 1, Enterprise Square Five, 38 Wang Chiu Road, Kowloon Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong	Selling and manufacturing of CPU	37	37	10	100.00	9,023	192	192	-	-
VIA USA, INC.	VIA Technologies, Inc. (USA)	940 Mission Court Fremont, CA 94539	Selling and designing of PC chipset	134,145	134,145	130	100.00	858,468	21,891	21,891	-	-
	VIA-CYRIS, INC.	2552 Summit Avenue, Suite 406, Plano, TX75074	Designing, manufacturing and selling of CPU	1,351,734	1,351,734	-	100.00	(511)	(131)	(131)	-	-	Note 7
	VIA CPU PLATFORM, INC.	940 Mission Court Fremont, CA 94539	Selling and designing of PC chipset	152	152	5	100.00	17,966	(1,053)	(1,053)	-	-
VIATECH CO., LTD.	VIA TECHNOLOGIES (HK) INC. LTD.	Unit B 16/F., V Ga Building, 532 Castle Peak Road KLN HK.	International investment	2,609,434	2,609,434	649,325	100.00	4,293,787	670,845	670,845	-	-
TECHBASE CO., LTD.	S3 Graphics (HK) Limited	Unit B, 16th Floor, V Ga Building, 532 Castle Peak Road, Kowloon	International investment	100,631	100,631	10	100.00	741,037	265,037	265,037	-	-
	S3 Graphics Inc.	940 Mission Court, Fremont, CA 94539	Selling and designing of PC chipset	-	94,296	-	-	-	169	169	-	-	Note 9
VIA Labs, Inc.	VIA LABS USA, INC.	940 Mission Court, Fremont, CA 94539	Contract testing and sales marketing support	8,823	8,823	300	100.00	12,613	422	422	-	-
VIA Next Technologies, Inc.	VNCHIP TECHNOLOGIES PTE. LTD.	16 RAFFLES QUAY #19-01 HONG LEONG BUILDING SINGAPORE	Manufacturing and selling of electronic parts and information software processing services	4,886	4,886	200	100.00	4,485	(382)	(382)	-	-
	VNCHIP TECHNOLOGIES, INC.	940 Mission Court Fremont, CA 94539	IC design and technology development services, manufacture and sales.	1,458	-	1	100.00	1,472	(98)	(98)	-	-
Brillify Tech Inc.	Brillify Tech GmbH	Magnus-Denzo-Stralle 12, 89077 Ulm, Germany	Manufacturing electronic parts and selling of electronic parts and information software processing services	865	-	25	100.00	(878)	(1,716)	(1,716)	-	-	Note 7
TUNGBASE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.	VIA AI Auto, Inc.	940 Mission Court Fremont, CA 94539	Intelligent Automotive Solutions and technology development services, manufacture and sales	1,471	-	1	100.00	1,423	(148)	(148)	-	-

Note 1: The net equity value of VIATECH CO., LTD. at the end of the period was $5,600,554 thousand, and the difference between the net equity value and the carrying value of the investment was due to upstream transactions.
Note 2: The net equity value of VIABASE CO., LTD. at the end of the period was $7,661,031 thousand, and the difference between the net equity value and the carrying value of the investment was due to downstream transactions and side-stream transactions.
Note 3: The net equity value of VLI at the end of the period was $1,598,752 thousand, and the difference between the net equity value and the carrying value of the investment was due to the adjustment of the fair value of the investment properties and IFRS 16.
Note 4: The net equity value of VIA Next Technologies, Inc. at the end of the period was $799,290 thousand, and the difference between the net equity value and the carrying value of the investment was due to the adjustment of the fair value of the investment properties and IFRS 16.
Note 5: The net equity value of Vate Technology Co., Ltd. at the end of the period was $332,685 thousand, and the difference between the net equity value and the carrying value of the investment was due to the adjustment of IFRS 16.
Note 6: The net equity value has been negative, but the parent company has no intention to continue to support the company; therefore, the recognition of investment loss is limited to the capital contribution.
Note 7: The net equity value has been negative, the parent company will continue to support the company and still recognizes investment loss according to the shareholding ratio, resulting in a credit balance of the carrying amount, which is accounted for under other liabilities.
Note 8: The Company completed a reorganization of the investment structure of TUNGBASE TECHNOLOGIES LTD. in July 2025. The investment holding was transferred from VIA Technologies, Inc. to VIA AI Auto, Co., Ltd.
Note 9: The liquidation of S3 Graphics, Inc. was completed in March 2025.
Note 10: Information on the investment in mainland China is disclosed on Table 6.

(Concluded)

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TABLE 6

VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

INFORMATION ON INVESTMENTS IN MAINLAND CHINA

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025

(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars and Foreign Currency, Unless Stated Otherwise)

1. Information about investees in Mainland China, such as the name, main business operations, paid-in capital, method of investment, inward and outward remittance of funds, shareholding ratio, profit or loss from investments, investment book value at the end of the period, and profit or loss received from investments:

Investor Company	Main Businesses and Products	Paid-in Capital	Method of Investment	Accumulated Outward Remittance for Investment from Taiwan as of January 1, 2025	Remittance of Funds		Accumulated Outward Remittance for Investment from Taiwan as of December 31, 2025	Net Income (Loss) of the Investor	% Ownership of Direct or Indirect Investment	Investment Gain (Loss)	Carrying Amount as of December 31, 2025	Accumulated Repatriation of Investment Income as of December 31, 2025	Note
					Outward	Inward
VIA Technologies (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd	Selling of CPU and PC chipset	$ 96,675	Through investing in an existing company in the third area, which then invested in the investee in Mainland China	$ 96,675	$ -	$ -	$ 96,675	$ 64,978	100.00	$ 64,978	$ 339,070	$ -	VIA Technologies, Inc. as the investor
VIA Technologies (China) Co., Ltd.	Selling of CPU and PC chipset	602,374	v	602,374	-	-	602,374	150,345	100.00	150,345	2,517,123	-	VIA Technologies, Inc. as the investor
VIA Technologies (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.	Selling of graphics chipset	77,340	v	76,876	-	-	76,876	238,825	100.00	238,825	694,431	-	VIA Technologies, Inc. as the investor
VIA Telecom (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd.	Selling of PC chipset	240,000	v	118,800	-	-	118,800	(39)	48.94	(19)	177	-	VIA Technologies, Inc. as the investor
Jingrui Science and Technology (Beijing) Limited Company	Selling of PC chipset	90,000	v	44,100	-	-	44,100	(1,795)	48.94	(879)	52,940	-	VIA Technologies, Inc. as the investor
VIA CPU Platform (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.	Manufacturing, researching, developing and selling of integrated circuits chip	488	Direct investment in company located in mainland China through VIA Technologies (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.	-	-	-	-	-	100.00	-	420	-	VIA Technologies, Inc. as the investor
VIA Labs (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.	Integrated circuits chip testing and technical support	4,657	Direct investment in company located in mainland China through VIA Labs, Inc.	4,657	-	-	4,657	1,971	100.00	1,971	14,425	-	VIA Labs, Inc. as the investor
VIA Labs (Beijing), Inc.	Integrated circuits chip testing and technical support	4,342	Direct investment in company located in mainland China through VIA Labs, Inc. and VIA Labs (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.	4,237	-	-	4,237	(11)	100.00	(11)	4,420	-	VIA Labs, Inc. as the investor
Beijing VIA YongHong Property Co., Ltd	Property management	22,153	Direct investment in company located in mainland China through VIA Technologies (China) Co., Ltd.	-	-	-	-	38,120	100.00	38,120	66,757	-	VIA Technologies, Inc. as the investor
VIA Innovores (GX) Co., Ltd	Educational Smart Products Services and Sales	23,128	v	-	-	-	-	(5,909)	80.00	(4,727)	13,047	-	VIA Technologies, Inc. as the investor
VIA Innovores (CQ) Co., Ltd	Educational Smart Products Services and Sales	12,280	v	-	-	-	-	(511)	30.00	(153)	3,868	-	VIA Technologies, Inc. as the investor
HuLink Technologies (Xiamen) CO., LTD.	Integrated circuits chip testing and technical support	166,877	Direct investment in company located in mainland China through VIA Labs, Inc. and VIA Technologies (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.	89,133	-	-	89,133	(50,775)	100.00	(50,775)	102,133	-	VIA Technologies, Inc. and VIA Labs, Inc. as the investor (Note 2)

(Continued)

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Investor Company	Main Businesses and Products	Paid-in Capital	Method of Investment	Accumulated Outward Remittance for Investment from Taiwan as of January 1, 2025	Remittance of Funds		Accumulated Outward Remittance for Investment from Taiwan as of December 31, 2025	Net Income (Loss) of the Investor	% Ownership of Direct or Indirect Investment	Investment Gain (Loss)	Carrying Amount as of December 31, 2025	Accumulated Repatriation of Investment Income as of December 31, 2025	Note
					Outward	Inward
Shengzhuang Smart Education Technology (Shandong) Co., Ltd.	R&D and sales of artificial intelligence products, teaching equipment and teaching software	$ 44,635	Direct investment in company located in mainland China through VIA Technologies (China) Co., Ltd.	$ -	$ -	$ -	$ -	$ 7,938	40.00	$ 3,175	$ 21,019	$ -	VIA Technologies, Inc. as the investor
VIA Next Technologies (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.	Electronic components manufacturing and information software processing services	4,395	Direct investment in company located in mainland China through VIA Next Technologies, Inc.	4,395	-	-	4,395	3,107	100.00	3,107	14,658	-	VIA Next Technologies, Inc. as the investor
VIA Software (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd.	Selling of chipsets and computer software	11,601	Through investing in an existing company in the third area, which then invested in the investor in Mainland China	11,601	-	-	11,601	-	-	-	-	-	(Note 1)

Note 1: The paid-in capital of VIA Software (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd. and the accumulated investment amount remitted from Taiwan were $11,601 thousand, and the liquidation was completed at the end of 2009.
Note 2 The net equity value of HuiLink Technologies (Xiamen) CO., LTD. at the end of the period was $102,382 thousand, and the difference between the net equity value and the carrying value of the investment was due to downstream transactions.

1. Limit on the amount of investments in Mainland China:

Company	Accumulated Outflow for Investment in Mainland China as of December 31, 2025	Investment Amount Authorized by the Investment Commission, MOEA	Upper Limit on Investment
VIA Technologies, Inc	$ 2,777,790 (US$ 52,963) (HK$ 203,653) (CNY 83,430)	$ 3,372,539 (US$ 87,694) (HK$ 25,000) (CNY 130,180)	(Note 1)
VIA Labs, Inc.	492,863 (CNY 106,819)	514,203 (CNY 111,803)	$ 1,720,321
VIA Next Technologies, Inc.	4,395 (CNY 1,000)	4,395 (CNY 1,000)	479,515

Note 1: Since the Company obtained the certificate of qualification for operating its headquarters in July 2025, which was issued by the Industrial Development Bureau, MOEA, the limit on investment in mainland China pursuant to "Principle of Investment or Technical Cooperation in Mainland China" is not applicable.
Note 2: As of December 31, 2025, the amount of $1,423,663 thousand of accumulated outflow for investment in mainland China and the investment amount authorized by the Investment Commission, MOEA were invested in Shanghai Zhaoxin Semiconductor Co., Ltd., which is accounted for under financial assets at fair value through profit or loss - non-current.
Note 3: As of December 31, 2025, the amount of $485,537 thousand and $548,624 thousand, respectively, of accumulated outflow for investment in mainland China and the investment amount authorized by the Investment Commission, MOEA were invested in EverPro (Wuhan) Technologies Limited (renamed as EverPro (Wuhan) Technologies Joint Stock Limited Company), which is accounted for under financial assets at fair value through profit or loss - non-current.
Note 4: As of December 31, 2025, the amount of $462 thousand of accumulated outflow for investment in mainland China and the investment amount authorized by the Investment Commission, MOEA were invested in mainland China through investment in KikaGo Limited in the third area, which is accounted for under financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income - non-current.
Note 5: As of December 31, 2025, the amount of $312,538 thousand and $584,567 thousand, respectively, of accumulated outflow for investment in mainland China and the investment amount authorized by the Investment Commission, MOEA were invested in Mainland China through investment in ACHI Capital Partners Fund L.P. in the third area, which is accounted for under financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income - non-current.
3. Significant transactions with investor companies in Mainland China, either directly or indirectly through a third party, and their prices, payment term, and unrealized gains or losses: Tables 3 and 4.
4. The direct and indirect endorsement, guarantee or collateral were provided by investment companies in mainland China through a third region: Table 1.
5. The direct and indirect capital financing were provided with investment companies in mainland China through a third region. (None)
6. Other transactions that have a significant effect on the current period's profit or loss or financial position. (None)

(Concluded)

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VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

THE CONTENTS OF STATEMENTS OF MAJOR ACCOUNTING ITEMS

Item	Statement Index
Major Accounting Items in Assets, Liabilities and Equity
Statement of cash and cash equivalents	Statement 1
Statement of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss	Statement 2
Statement of accounts receivable, net	Statement 3
Statement of inventories	Statement 4
Statement of changes in investments accounted for using the equity method	Statement 5
Statement of changes in property, plant and equipment	Note 12
Statement of changes in accumulated depreciation of property, plant and equipment	Note 12
Statement of changes in investment properties	Note 14
Statement of accounts payable	Statement 6
Statement of other payables	Note 19
Statement of long-term borrowings	Note 17
Statement of deferred tax liabilities	Note 25
Major Accounting Items in Profit or Loss
Statement of operating revenue	Statement 7
Statement of operating costs	Statement 8
Statement of selling and marketing expenses	Statement 9
Statement of general and administrative expenses	Statement 10
Statement of research and development expenses	Statement 11
Statement of non-operating income and expenses	Note 24
Statement of labor, depreciation and amortization by function	Statement 12

• 76 -

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STATEMENT 1

VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

STATEMENT OF CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2025
(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)

Item	Description	Amount
Cash on hand		$ 551
Cash in banks
Checking deposits		26,600
Demand deposits	Includes foreign currency deposits	970,388
	US$16,455 thousand ×31.43
	EUR15 thousand ×36.90
	HK$56 thousand ×4.04
	AUD16 thousand ×21.01
	JPY1,404 thousand ×0.20
	RMB734 thousand ×4.47
	SGD5 thousand ×24.45
Time deposits	Includes foreign currency deposits	4,085,401
	US$80,350 thousand ×31.43 (the interest rate is 3.78%-4.20% per year)
		$ 5,082,940

• 77 -

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STATEMENT 2

VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL ASSETS AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS
DECEMBER 31, 2025
(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars and Thousands Shares Except Face Value and Unit Price in New Taiwan Dollars)

Name of Financial Instrument	Description	Number of Shares	Face Value	Total Amount	Rate (%)	Acquisition Costs	Fair Value
							Price	Total Amount
Domestic listed
HTC Corporation		4,005	10	$ 40,050		$ 1,026,708	49.20	$ 197,044
Xander International Corp.		4,559	10	45,589		60,666	19.85	90,493
First International Computer, Inc.		8	10	84		3,379	54.40	458
Star Comgistic Capital Co., Ltd.		86	10	858		5,181	22.15	1,901
Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited		51	10	510		50,700	1,550.00	79,050
Sino-American Silicon Products Inc		156	10	1,560		14,767	106.50	16,614
Ennoconn Corporation		168	10	1,685		30,733	286.50	48,273
				90,336		1,192,134		433,833
Foreign listed
IQE PLC		6	GBX1	2		1,551	5.00	12
Domestic not listed
Openfind Information Technology Inc.		950	10	9,498		63,897	69.76	66,257
Strawberry Software Inc.		40	10	397		397	1.00	40
Digitimes Inc.		158	10	1,575		75	28.93	4,556
SKYMIZER TAIWAN INC		76	10	760		30,400	400.00	30,400
				12,230		94,769		101,253
Foreign not listed
Techgains Pan Pacific Corp.		500	US$1	14,990		13,167	6.38	3,190
				$ 117,558		$ 1,301,621		$ 538,288

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STATEMENT 3

VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET
DECEMBER 31, 2025
(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)

Client Name	Description	Amount
Non-related parties
Customer D		$ 47,717
Customer E		18,594
Customer F		12,919
Others	The amount less than 5% of this account is aggregated	19,991
		99,221
Related parties
VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.		182,276
Others	The amount less than 5% of this account is aggregated	15,573
		197,849
		297,070
Less: Allowance for impairment loss		(5,959)
		$ 291,111

• 79 -

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STATEMENT 4

VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

STATEMENT OF INVENTORIES

DECEMBER 31, 2025

(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)

Item	Description	Amount
		Cost	Market Value
Raw materials		$ 859,469	$ 565,219
Work-in-process		773,049	742,482
Finished goods		229,828	121,789
Merchandise		34,147	30,098
		1,896,493	$ 1,459,588
Less: Allowance to reduce inventory to market value		(436,905)
		$ 1,459,588

Note: The Company's inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Inventory write-downs are made item by item, except where it may be appropriate to group similar or related items.

• 80 -

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STATEMENT 5

VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN INVESTMENTS ACCOUNTED FOR USING THE EQUITY METHOD

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025

(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars and Thousands Shares Except Unit Price in New Taiwan Dollars)

Name of Securities	Beginning Balance		Increase in Investment		Decrease in Investment		Ending Balance			Market Value or Equity
	Shares (In Thousands)	Amount	Shares (In Thousands)	Amount	Shares (In Thousands)	Amount	Shares (In Thousands)	Percentage of Ownership (%)	Amount	Unit Price	Total Amount	Collateral
VIATECH CO, LTD (Note 1)	79,202	$ 4,702,213	29,000	$ 1,012,193	-	$ 115,291	108,202	100.00	$ 5,599,115	51.76	$ 5,600,554	None
VIABASE CO., LTD. (Note 2)	124,383	7,409,993	18,000	800,202	-	549,936	142,383	100.00	7,660,259	53.81	7,661,031	None
VIA Innoveste Inc. (Note 3)	1,000	10,998	-	52	-	-	1,000	100.00	11,050	11.05	11,050	None
Vate Technology Co., Ltd. (Note 4)	52,656	353,469	-	-	-	20,707	52,656	66.28	332,762	6.32	332,685	None
VIA Next Technologies, Inc. (Note 5)	60,000	1,575,508	-	66,435	-	1,187,400	60,000	100.00	454,543	13.32	799,290	None
Intunit Inc. (Note 6)	1,336	27,828	-	12,977	-	1,804	1,336	3.98	39,001	29.19	39,001	None
VIA Labs, Inc. (Note 7)	38,843	1,462,901	159	103,747	-	81,812	39,002	55.76	1,484,836	40.99	1,598,752	None
VIA Intelligent Automotive, Inc. (Note 8)	260	3,401	-	53	-	473	260	100.00	2,981	11.47	2,981	None
iDOT Computers, Inc. (Note 9)	5,500	-	-	-	-	-	5,500	22.82	-	-	-	None
TUNGBASE TECHNOLOGIES LTD. (Note 10)	1,080	-	-	-	1,080	-	-	-	-	-	-	None
HLJ technology Co., Ltd. (Note 11)	48,632	450,550	18,190	200,090	19,453	191,605	47,369	47.76	459,035	9.69	459,035	None
VIA AI Auto, Co., Ltd (Note 12)	-	-	50	1,570	-	218	50	100.00	1,352	27.04	1,352	None
Brillify Tech Inc. (Note 13)	-	-	40,000	400,000	-	3,777	40,000	100.00	396,223	9.91	396,223	None
		$ 15,996,861		$ 2,597,319		$ 2,153,023			$ 16,441,157		$ 16,901,954

Note 1: The increase in the current period is due to the additional investments of $281,160 thousand, the capital increase through the capitalization of retained earnings of 20,000 thousand shares, the share of profit of investments using the equity method of $729,546 thousand and the unrealized gain of associates $1,487 thousand. The decrease in the current period is the cumulative translation adjustment of $113,433 thousand and due to the unrealized loss from equity instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income of $1,858 thousand.

Note 2: The increase in the current period is due to the additional investment of $562,770 thousand, the unrealized gain of associates $266 thousand and the unrealized gains from equity instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income of $237,166 thousand. The decrease in the current period is due to the investment loss of $284,142 thousand and the cumulative translation adjustment of $265,794 thousand.

Note 3: The increase in the current period is due to the investment income of $52 thousand.

Note 4: The decrease in the current period is due to the investment loss of $20,707 thousand.

Note 5: The increase in the current period is due to the investment income of $66,421 thousand and the cumulative translation adjustment of $14 thousand. The decrease is due to the cash dividends of $1,187,400 thousand.

Note 6: The increase in the current period is due to the investment income of $3,445 thousand, the cumulative translation adjustment of $12 thousand, the capital surplus from the investee company of $9,468 thousand under the equity method and from other comprehensive income or loss of $52 thousand. The increase in the period is due to the cash dividends of $1,804 thousand.

Note 7: The increase in the current period is due to the additional investment of $13,895 thousand, the investment income of $43,439 thousand, the unrealized gains from equity instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income of $37,496 thousand and the capital surplus from share-based payments of $8,917 thousand. The decrease in the current period is due to the cumulative translation adjustment of $1,778 thousand, cash dividends of $70,187 thousand, remeasurement of the defined benefit plans from subsidiaries under the equity method of $226 thousand and the changes in percentage of ownership interests in subsidiaries of $9,612 thousand.

Note 8: The increase in the current period is due to the investment income of $53 thousand. The decrease is due to the cash dividends of $473 thousand.

Note 9: The Company does not intend to support its operations as its net assets value has become negative during the period, and its carrying value at the end of the period is zero.

Note 10: The decrease in the current period is due to completed a reorganization of the investment structure of TUNGBASE TECHNOLOGIES LTD. the investment holding was transferred from VIA Technologies, Inc. to VIA AI Auto, Co., Ltd.

Note 11: The increase in the current period is due to the additional investment of $200,900 thousand. The decrease in share count in the current period is due to the capital reduction to offset accumulated losses, allocated proportionally based on shareholdings. The capital reduction ratio was 40%, representing a reduction of 19,453 thousand shares. The decrease in the current period is due to the investment loss of $189,797 thousand, the cumulative translation adjustment of $8 thousand, the capital surplus from the subsidiary of $1,670 thousand under the equity method and a share of NT$130 thousand in the other comprehensive income of an associate recognized under the equity method.

Note 12: The increase in the current period is due to the additional investment of $1,471 thousand and the cumulative translation adjustment of $99 thousand. The decrease in the current period is due to the investment loss of $218 thousand.

Note 13: The increase in the current period is due to the additional investment of $400,000 thousand. The decrease in the current period is due to the investment loss of $3,751 thousand and the cumulative translation adjustment of $26 thousand.

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STATEMENT 6

VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS PAYABLE
DECEMBER 31, 2025
(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)

Vendor Name	Description	Amount
Non-related parties
Vendor A		$ 338,436
Vendor B		148,124
Vendor C		35,692
Others	The amount less than 5% of this account is aggregated	116,231
		638,483
Related parties
Vate Technology Co., Ltd.		5,480
VIA Technologies (Shenzhen)		32,506
Co, Ltd.
Xander International Corp.		9,169
Others	The amount less than 5% of this account is aggregated	2,266
		49,421
		$ 687,904

• 82 -

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STATEMENT 7

VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

STATEMENT OF OPERATING REVENUE
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025
(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)

Item	Description	Amount
Sales revenue		$ 4,858,116
Less: Sales return		(189)
Less: Sales discounts and allowances		(410,604)
Net sales income		4,447,323
Other operating income		418,253
		$ 4,865,576

• 83 -

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STATEMENT 8

VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

STATEMENT OF OPERATING COSTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025
(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)

Item	Amount
Cost of goods sold - manufactured goods
Raw materials inventory, January 1	$ 937,303
Add: Purchases of raw materials	2,342,081
Less: Raw materials inventory, December 31	(859,469)
Loss on physical inventory	(885)
Scrapped	(49,981)
Transfer to other accounts	(13,403)
Raw materials consumed	2,355,646
Manufacturing expenses - self-testing	120,303
Manufacturing expenses - consignment packaging	713,141
Manufacturing expenses - consignment testing	179,944
Manufacturing expenses - consignment processing	69,675
Manufacturing expenses - commissioned grinding	5,183
Manufacturing cost	3,443,892
Add: Work-in-process goods, January 1	847,937
Less: Work-in-process goods, December 31	(773,049)
Loss on physical inventory	(149)
Scrapped	(2,375)
Transfer to other accounts	(77,759)
Cost of finished goods	3,438,497
Add: Finished goods, January 1	460,542
Less: Finished goods, December 31	(229,828)
Loss on physical inventory	(804)
Scrapped	(95,382)
Transfer to other accounts	(7,012)
Cost of goods sold - manufactured goods	3,566,013
Cost of goods sold - outbound products
Merchandise, January 1	46,651
Add: Purchases	155,075
Loss: Merchandise, December 31	(34,147)
Loss on physical inventory	(634)
Scrapped	(3,486)
Transfer to other accounts	(6,120)
Cost of foreign goods	157,339
Loss of inventory obsolescence	151,224
Inventory valuation losses	82,213
Loss on physical inventory	2,472
Service costs	287,233
	$ 4,246,494

• 84 -

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STATEMENT 9

VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

STATEMENT OF SELLING AND MARKETING EXPENSES

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025

(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)

Item	Description	Amount
Payroll		$ 43,343
Professional service		12,959
Royalty		62,743
Others	The amount less than 5% of this account is aggregated	27,625
		$ 146,670

• 85 -

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STATEMENT 10

VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

STATEMENT OF GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025
(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)

Item	Description	Amount
Payroll		$ 226,937
Professional service		120,487
Others	The amount less than 5% of this account is aggregated	126,000
		$ 473,424

• 86 -

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STATEMENT 11

VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

STATEMENT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025
(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)

Item	Description	Amount
Payroll		$ 321,586
Insurance		25,752
Others	The amount less than 5% of this account is aggregated	102,124
		$ 449,462

• 87 -

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STATEMENT 12

VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

STATEMENT OF LABOR, DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION BY FUNCTION

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024

(In Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)

	2025			2024
	Operating Costs	Operating Expenses	Total	Operating Costs	Operating Expenses	Total
Employee benefits
Salaries and wages	$ 40,997	$ 591,866	$ 632,863	$ 40,823	$ 723,864	$ 764,687
Labor and health insurance	3,684	46,434	50,118	3,448	45,266	48,714
Pension	2,068	29,289	31,357	2,100	30,362	32,462
Share-based payment	-	-	-	-	482	482
Board compensation	-	2,160	2,160	-	2,820	2,820
Other employee benefits	1,407	15,167	16,574	1,263	14,182	15,445
	$ 48,156	$ 684,916	$ 733,072	$ 47,634	$ 816,976	$ 864,610
Depreciation	$ 9,450	$ 25,965	$ 35,415	$ 8,664	$ 26,333	$ 34,997
Amortization	$ 43	$ 1,941	$ 1,984	$ 52	$ 5,173	$ 5,225

Note 1: As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had 380 and 388 employees (including directors), respectively. Both 6 of which were non-employee directors.
Note 2: The average employee benefit expenses were $1,954 thousand and $2,256 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Note 3: The average salaries and wages were $1,692 thousand and $2,002 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Note 4: The average salaries and wages decrease by 15%. The decrease is mainly due to the significant growth in profits for last year, which led to a higher provision for employee bonuses and rewards.
Note 5: The Company has established an audit committee in June 2019 and has not appointed supervisors, thus there was no compensation to the supervisor.
Note 6: The Company's remuneration policy is as follows:

a. According to the Articles of Incorporation of the Company, the Company accrued employees' compensation and remuneration of directors at the rates no lower than 5% and no higher than 1%, respectively, of net profit before income tax, employees' compensation, and remuneration of directors. In accordance with the amendments to the Securities and Exchange Act in August 2024, the shareholders of the Company have resolve the amendments to the Company's Articles at their June 20, 2025 regular meeting. The amendments explicitly stipulate the allocation of no less than 3% of the compensation of employees as compensation distributions for non-executive employees. The Board of Directors shall make a resolution and submit a report to the shareholders' meeting with reference to the Company's overall operating performance, the individual's contribution to the Company's performance and the standards of the industry.
b. The compensation of the Company's directors shall be determined according to their level of participation in the Company's operations and the value of their contributions, and authorized by the domestic and international industry standards, and approved by the Salary and Compensation Committee.
c. The Company has a Compensation Committee that regularly reviews the policies, systems, standards and structure of compensation. The compensation of the Company's managers is based on their positions, responsibilities and contributions to the Company, and is determined with reference to industry standards, and is reviewed and approved by the Compensation Committee and the Board of Directors.