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TECOM GROUP PJSC Interim / Quarterly Report 2026

Apr 28, 2026

66431_rns_2026-04-28_fb9d56b4-d41d-4db7-a7d5-975039070781.pdf

Interim / Quarterly Report

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TECOM GROUP PJSC AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed interim consolidated financial statements

For the three-month period ended 31 March 2026


TECOM GROUP PJSC AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES
TECOM GROUP

Condensed interim consolidated financial statements For the three-month period ended 31 March 2026

Contents Pages
Independent auditor's review report on condensed interim consolidated financial statements 1
Condensed interim consolidated statement of financial position 2 - 3
Condensed interim consolidated statement of income 4
Condensed interim consolidated statement of comprehensive income 5
Condensed interim consolidated statement of changes in equity 6
Condensed interim consolidated statement of cash flows 7
Notes to the condensed interim consolidated financial statements 8 - 31

pwc

Review report on condensed interim consolidated financial statements to the Board of Directors of Tecom Group PJSC

Introduction

We have reviewed the accompanying condensed interim consolidated statement of financial position of TECOM Group PJSC ("the Company") and its subsidiaries (together, "the Group") as at 31 March 2026 and the related condensed interim consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the three-month period then ended, and other explanatory notes. Management is responsible for the preparation and presentation of these condensed interim consolidated financial information in accordance with International Accounting Standard 34, 'Interim Financial Reporting' ('IAS 34'). Our responsibility is to express a conclusion on this condensed interim consolidated financial information based on our review.

Scope of review

We conducted our review in accordance with International Standard on Review Engagements 2410, 'Review of interim financial information performed by the independent auditor of the entity'. A review of interim financial information consists of making inquiries, primarily of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters, and applying analytical and other review procedures. A review is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with International Standards on Auditing and consequently does not enable us to obtain assurance that we would become aware of all significant matters that might be identified in an audit. Accordingly, we do not express an audit opinion.

Conclusion

Based on our review, nothing has come to our attention that causes us to believe that the accompanying condensed interim consolidated financial information is not prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with IAS 34.

PricewaterhouseCoopers Limited Partnership Dubai Branch
28 April 2026

Rashid Muhammad Khursheed
Registered Auditor Number 5823
Dubai, United Arab Emirates

PricewaterhouseCoopers Limited Partnership Dubai Branch
Emaar Square, Building 5, PO Box 11987
Dubai - United Arab Emirates
T: +971 4 304 3100

Licence no. 102451, Auditors' Registry no. FC0006-01, a branch of a DIFC entity

www.pwc.com


TECOM GROUP PJSC AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

TECOM GROUP

Condensed interim consolidated statement of financial position

Note 31 March 2026 AED'000 (Reviewed) 31 December 2025 AED'000 (Audited)
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Property and equipment 5 84,948 85,736
Intangible assets 16,616 16,634
Investment property 6 15,653,237 15,166,782
Derivative financial instruments 7 67,683 61,952
Other receivables 8 7,783 8,139
Unbilled receivables 9 974,817 947,983
16,805,084 16,287,226
Current assets
Other receivables 8 225,804 219,121
Trade and unbilled receivables 9 169,754 185,499
Due from related parties 10 34,291 30,593
Bank deposits 11 217,463 217,463
Cash and cash equivalents 11 109,691 223,595
757,003 876,271
Total assets 17,562,087 17,163,497

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these condensed interim consolidated financial statements.


TECOM GROUP

TECM GROUP

Condensed interim consolidated statement of financial position

(continued)

Note 31 March 2026 AED'000 (Reviewed) 31 December 2025 AED'000 (Audited)
EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
EQUITY
Share capital 12 500,000 500,000
Legal reserve 13 539,555 539,555
Hedge reserve 65,894 58,257
Retained earnings 6,748,415 6,784,987
Total equity 7,853,864 7,882,799
LIABILITIES
Non-current liabilities
Other payables 18 1,663 1,843
Borrowings 14 5,526,706 4,923,996
Advances from customers 15 557,533 561,664
Project liabilities 16 754,123 734,487
Derivative financial instruments 7 1,789 3,695
Due to related parties 10 113,548 133,902
Employees' end-of-service benefits 46,654 46,798
Provision for other liabilities and charges 17 724,193 748,788
7,726,209 7,155,173
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables 18 222,532 277,510
Borrowings 14 5,022 4,867
Advances from customers 15 998,237 1,036,237
Current tax liabilities 23 100,858 88,707
Project liabilities 16 437,138 453,615
Due to related parties 10 111,470 182,427
Provision for other liabilities and charges 17 106,757 82,162
1,982,014 2,125,525
Total liabilities 9,708,223 9,280,698
Total equity and liabilities 17,562,087 17,163,497

To the best of our knowledge, the condensed interim consolidated financial statements are prepared, in all material aspects, in accordance with IAS 34. The condensed interim consolidated financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 28 April 2026 and were signed on its behalf by:

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The accompanying notes form an integral part of these condensed interim consolidated financial statements.


Condensed interim consolidated statement of income

Note Three-month period ended 31 March
2026 AED'000 2025 AED'000
(Reviewed) (Reviewed)
Revenue 20 754,622 679,733
Direct costs (238,007) (215,050)
Gross profit 516,615 464,683
Other operating income 21 13,775 15,634
530,390 480,317
Expenses
General and administrative 22 (48,471) (44,812)
Marketing and selling (11,599) (12,124)
(60,070) (56,936)
Operating profit 470,320 423,381
Finance income 3,864 10,524
Finance costs (58,605) (62,606)
Finance costs - net (54,741) (52,082)
Profit before tax for the period 415,579 371,299
Income tax expense 23 (12,151) (10,437)
Profit for the period 403,428 360,862
Earnings per share attributable to the owners of the company
Basic and diluted (AED) 24 0.08 0.07

Condensed interim consolidated statement of comprehensive income

Note Three-month period ended 31 March
2026 AED'000 (Reviewed) 2025 AED'000 (Reviewed)
Profit for the period 403,428 360,862
Other comprehensive income
Items that may be subsequently reclassified to profit or loss
Unrealized gain/(loss) on cash flow hedge 7 19,118 (26,008)
Amounts reclassified to profit or loss (11,481) (19,460)
Other comprehensive income for the period, net of tax 7,637 (45,468)
Total comprehensive income for the period 411,065 315,394

Condensed interim consolidated statement of changes in equity

Note Share capital AED'000 Attributable to owners of the Company
Legal reserve AED'000 Hedge reserve AED'000 Retained earnings AED'000 Total equity AED'000
At 1 January 2025 (Audited) 500,000 482,696 169,231 5,555,767 6,707,694
Profit for the period - - - 360,862 360,862
Other comprehensive income for the period - - (45,468) - (45,468)
Total comprehensive income for the period - - (45,468) 360,862 315,394
Transactions with owners:
Dividends declared 19 - - - (400,000) (400,000)
At 31 March 2025 (Reviewed) 500,000 482,696 123,763 5,516,629 6,623,088
At 1 January 2026 (Audited) 500,000 539,555 58,257 6,784,987 7,882,799
Profit for the period - - - 403,428 403,428
Other comprehensive income for the period - - 7,637 - 7,637
Total comprehensive income for the period - - 7,637 403,428 411,065
Transactions with owners:
Dividends declared 19 - - - (440,000) (440,000)
At 31 March 2026 (Reviewed) 500,000 539,555 65,894 6,748,415 7,853,864

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these condensed interim consolidated financial statements

TECOM GROUP PJSC AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed interim consolidated statement of cash flows

| | Note | Three-month period ended
31 March | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | 2026
AED'000
(Reviewed) | 2025
AED'000
(Reviewed) |
| Cash flows from operating activities | | | |
| Cash generated from operations | 25 | 511,513 | 538,369 |
| Payment of employees' end-of-service benefits | | (867) | (1,139) |
| Net cash generated from operating activities | | 510,646 | 537,230 |
| Cash flows from investing activities | | | |
| Purchase of property and equipment | 5 | (1,005) | (4,443) |
| Payments for investment property, net of advances to contractors, project liabilities and related provisions | | (734,185) | (178,203) |
| Purchase of intangible assets | | (2,333) | (2,177) |
| Interest received | | 3,154 | 7,857 |
| Net cash used in investing activities | | (734,369) | (176,966) |
| Cash flows from financing activities | | | |
| Proceeds from borrowings | | 600,000 | - |
| Interest paid | | (50,181) | (52,156) |
| Payment for dividends | 19 | (440,000) | (400,000) |
| Net cash generated from/(used in) financing activities | | 109,819 | (452,156) |
| Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | | (113,904) | (91,892) |
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the period | | 223,595 | 638,361 |
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of the period | | 109,691 | 546,469 |

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these condensed interim consolidated financial statements

Notes to the condensed interim consolidated financial statements for the three-month period ended 31 March 2026

1 Legal status and activities

TECOM Group PJSC (the "Company") is a public joint stock with trade license number 577858 issued by the Department of Economy and Tourism in Dubai.

The Company was initially established as a limited liability company on 14 February 2006. The legal status of the Company was converted to a public joint stock company on 30 June 2022 by virtue of Company's shareholders resolution. On 5 July 2022, the Company listed its 12.5% ordinary shares on the Dubai Financial Market ("DFM" or the "Exchange") through an Initial Public Offering ("IPO").

The Company is domiciled in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and its registered head office address is Commercial Building No. 1, Dubai Studio City, Dubai, P.O. Box 73000, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

The principal activities of the Group are property leasing, development, facilities management and services.

The parent company is DHAM LLC (the "Parent Company"), which is a fully owned subsidiary of Dubai Holding Commercial Operations Group LLC (the "Intermediate Parent Company"). The Intermediate Parent Company is a fully owned subsidiary of Dubai Holding LLC (the "Ultimate Parent Company"). The "Ultimate Shareholder" of the Company was His Highness Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum till 8 January 2023. On 8 January 2023, the Ultimate Shareholder and Ruler of Dubai issued Law No. 1 of 2023, transferring his direct ownership in the Ultimate Parent Company to the Government of Dubai. The Company and its subsidiaries are collectively referred to as the Group (the "Group").

The Group consolidates investments in the following principal subsidiaries:

Name of the entity Nature of business Ownership %
2026 2025
TECOM Investments FZ-LLC Develop and lease properties 100 100
Dubai Industrial City LLC Develop and lease properties 100 100
Dubai Design District FZ-LLC Develop and lease properties 100 100
Dubai Design District Hospitality FZ-LLC Develop and lease properties and real estate services 100 100
DIC 1 FZ-LLC Develop properties and real estate services 100 100
DIC 2 FZ-LLC Develop properties and real estate services 100 100
DKV 1 FZ-LLC Develop properties and real estate services 100 100
AXS FZ-LLC Incorporation and visa related services 100 100
DMC Butterfly Building FZ-LLC Real estate services 100 100
Innovation Hub FZ-LLC Real estate services 100 100
Innovation Hub Phase 1 FZ-LLC Real estate services 100 100
IN5 FZ-LLC Regional headquarters for real estate services 100 100
Dquarters FZ-LLC Regional headquarters for real estate services 100 100
Tamdeen LLC Project management engineering and feasibility studies - 100

On 11 March 2026, the Company's subsidiary, Tamdeen LLC, was liquidated.

TECÔM GROUP

Notes to the condensed interim consolidated financial statements for the three-month period ended 31 March 2026 (continued)

1 Legal status and activities (continued)

The Group only operates in the UAE and has no subsidiaries in foreign jurisdictions.

The Group has not purchased or invested in any shares for the three-month period ended 31 March 2026.

2 Material accounting policy information

2.1 Statement of compliance

The condensed interim consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of International Accounting Standard 34 'Interim Financial Reporting' ("IAS 34") and comply with the applicable requirements of the laws in the UAE.

The Group's operations are not subject to significant seasonal or cyclical factors. Accordingly, the results and financial position for the interim period are not materially affected by seasonality or cyclicality. In addition, the results for the three-month period ended 31 March 2026 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the financial year ending 31 December 2026.

These condensed interim consolidated financial statements do not include all the information and disclosures required in the annual consolidated financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the Group's consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2025.

2.2 Basis of preparation

The condensed interim consolidated financial statements are presented in United Arab Emirates Dirham (AED) which is the Company's functional currency and the Group's presentation currency. All amounts have been rounded to the nearest AED thousands ('000s), unless stated otherwise.

The condensed interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for the revaluation of financial instruments that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period. Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given/received in exchange for goods and services.

The preparation of condensed interim consolidated financial statements requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Group's accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the condensed interim consolidated financial statements are disclosed in Note 4.

As at 31 March 2026, the Group's current liabilities exceeded its current assets. A significant portion of these current liabilities comprises non-financial liabilities, including operating lease and contract advances. The Group had access to undrawn committed credit facilities at the reporting date, which provide sufficient liquidity to meet obligations for at least twelve months. Accordingly, these condensed interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis.

Notes to the condensed interim consolidated financial statements for the three-month period ended 31 March 2026 (continued)

2 Material accounting policy information (continued)

2.2 Basis of preparation (continued)

The same accounting policies and methods of computation, as well as assumptions, are followed in these condensed interim consolidated financial statements as compared to the most recent annual consolidated financial statements, except for the new policies, standards, and amendments adopted during the current period as outlined in notes 2.3 of the condensed interim consolidated financial statements.

2.3 Application of new and revised International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS Accounting Standards")

(a) New and revised IFRS Accounting Standards applied with no material effect on the condensed interim consolidated financial statements

The following revised IFRS Accounting Standard, which became effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2026, has been adopted in these condensed interim consolidated financial statements. Its adoption has not had any material impact on the disclosures or on the amounts reported in these condensed interim consolidated financial statements.

  • Amendments to the Classification and Measurement of Financial Instruments - Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7
  • Contracts Referencing Nature-dependent Electricity - Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7
  • Annual improvements to IFRS - Volume 11

Other than the above, there are no other significant IFRSs and amendments that were effective for the first time for the financial year beginning on or after 1 January 2026.

(b) New and revised IFRS Accounting Standards in issue but not yet effective

At the date of authorisation of these condensed interim consolidated financial statements, the Group has not applied the following new and revised IFRS Accounting Standards that have been issued but are not yet effective:

New and revised IFRS Accounting Standards Effective for annual periods beginning on or after
IFRS 18 Presentation and Disclosures in Financial Statements 1 January 2027
IFRS 19 Subsidiaries without Public Accountability: Disclosures 1 January 2027

Management anticipates that these new standards, interpretations and amendments will be adopted in the Group's condensed interim consolidated financial statements as and when they are applicable and adoption of these new standards, interpretations and amendments may have no material impact on the condensed interim consolidated financial statements of Group in the period of initial application other than the one mentioned below.

TECÔM GROUP

2 Material accounting policy information (continued)

2.3 Application of new and revised International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS Accounting Standards") (continued)

(b) New and revised IFRS Accounting Standards in issue but not yet effective (continued)

In April 2024, the IASB issued IFRS 18 Presentation and Disclosure of Financial Statements ("IFRS 18"). IFRS 18 will replace IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements, introducing new requirements that will help to achieve comparability of the financial performance of similar entities and provide more relevant information and transparency to users. Even though IFRS 18 will not impact the recognition or measurement of items in the condensed interim consolidated financial statements, its impacts on presentation and disclosure are expected to be pervasive, in particular those related to the condensed interim consolidated statement of income and providing management-defined performance measures within the separate financial statements. The new standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2027, with earlier application permitted.

The Group plans to adopt IFRS 18 on its effective date and is currently in the process of assessing the impact of the adoption.

3 Financial risk management

3.1 Financial risk factors

The Group's operations and borrowings potentially expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk (including fair value interest rate risk, cash flow interest rate risk and price risk), credit risk and liquidity risk.

The Group manages its cash flow interest rate risk by using floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps. Such interest rate swaps have the economic effect of converting borrowings from floating to fixed rates.

The condensed interim consolidated financial statements do not include all financial risk management information and disclosures required in the annual consolidated financial statements.

3.2 Liquidity risk

Prudent liquidity risk management implies maintaining sufficient cash and marketable securities, the availability of funding through an adequate amount of committed credit facilities. Due to the dynamic nature of the underlying businesses, the Group aims to maintain flexibility in funding by keeping committed credit lines available. Management reviews cash flows at regular intervals.

3 Financial risk management (continued)

3.3 Fair value estimation

The table below analyses financial instruments carried at fair value, by valuation method. The different levels have been defined as follows:

  • Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1).
  • Inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (that is, as prices) or indirectly (that is, derived from prices) (level 2).
  • Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (that is, unobservable inputs) (level 3).

The following table presents the Group's assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value at 31 March 2026:

| | Level 2
AED'000
(Reviewed) |
| --- | --- |
| Assets | |
| Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges | 67,683 |
| Liabilities | |
| Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges | 1,789 |

The following table presents the Group's assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value at 31 December 2025:

| | Level 2
AED'000
(Audited) |
| --- | --- |
| Assets | |
| Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges | 61,952 |
| Liabilities | |
| Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges | 3,695 |

4 Critical accounting estimates and judgements

The preparation of these condensed interim consolidated financial statements, requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised and in any future periods affected.

The significant judgements made by management in applying the Group's accounting policies and the key sources of estimation uncertainty were the as those that applied to the Group's consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2025, except for the following:

Impact of geopolitical developments

Geopolitical developments in the region continued to evolve during the three-month period ended 31 March 2026, resulting in increased uncertainty in the economic and operating environment. Occupancy levels and rental performance remained stable during the period. While revenue generated from the visa services declined by approximately AED 4 million, overall revenue of the Group increased, reflecting the resilient and predominantly leasing based nature of the Group's operations. No material deterioration was identified in the recoverability of trade receivables.

While estimation uncertainty has increased and has been reflected in the underlying assumptions used in internal assessments, management is satisfied that the carrying values of investment properties remain recoverable considering the historical significant headroom between the carrying and associated fair values.

Management continues to monitor developments and will reassess critical accounting estimates and judgements as necessary during 2026.

TECOM GROUP PISC AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the condensed interim consolidated financial statements for the three-month period ended 31 March 2026 (continued)

5 Property and equipment

Note Buildings AED'000 Building interior improvements, furniture and fixtures AED'000 Computer hardware AED'000 Motor vehicles AED'000 Other assets AED'000 Total AED'000
Cost
At 1 January 2025 (Audited) 135,057 135,918 46,695 1,364 19,274 338,308
Additions - 7,470 688 479 2 8,639
Transfers to investment property 6 - (32,759) (30) - (3,011) (35,800)
Disposals - - - (948) (426) (1,374)
At 31 December 2025 (Audited) 135,057 110,629 47,353 895 15,839 309,773
Additions - 870 102 33 - 1,005
Disposals - - (5) - - (5)
At 31 March 2026 (Reviewed) 135,057 111,499 47,450 928 15,839 310,773
Accumulated depreciation
At 1 January 2025 (Audited) 59,107 125,433 45,620 1,364 15,891 247,415
Depreciation charge for the period 4,055 1,574 718 72 684 7,103
Transfers to investment property 6 - (28,048) - - (1,059) (29,107)
Disposals - - - (948) (426) (1,374)
At 31 December 2025 (Audited) 63,162 98,959 46,338 488 15,090 224,037
Depreciation charge for the period 675 770 165 24 159 1,793
Disposals - - (5) - - (5)
At 31 March 2026 (Reviewed) 63,837 99,729 46,498 512 15,249 225,825
Net book value at 31 March 2026 (Reviewed) 71,220 11,770 952 416 590 84,948
Net book value at 31 December 2025 (Audited) 71,895 11,670 1,015 407 749 85,736

The depreciation charge for the three-month period ended 31 March 2026 is recognised under general and administrative expenses amounting to AED 1,793 thousand (for the three-month period ended 31 March 2025: AED 1,552 thousand) (Note 22).

(14)

TECOM GROUP PISC AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

6 Investment property

Notes Land AED'000 Buildings and improvements AED'000 Infrastructure AED'000 Right of use - land AED'000 Capital work in progress AED'000 Total AED'000
Cost
At 1 January 2025 (Audited) 4,101,630 11,935,590 3,299,381 - 4,081,711 23,418,312
Additions 413,416 305,501 - - 437,853 1,156,770
Disposals - (535) - - - (535)
Transfers from property and equipment 5 - 32,789 - 3,011 - 35,800
Transfers within other captions of investment property - 517,925 138,952 - (656,877) -
Reclassifications within other captions of investment property (445,127) 548,133 106,742 - (209,748) -
Other movements (1,850,718) 437,306 (26,399) - (1,063,352) (2,503,163)
At 31 December 2025 (Audited) 2,219,201 13,776,709 3,518,676 3,011 2,589,587 22,107,184
Additions 477,970 21,136 - - 122,754 621,860
Disposals - (62) - - - (62)
At 31 March 2026 (Reviewed) 2,697,171 13,797,783 3,518,676 3,011 2,712,341 22,728,982
Accumulated depreciation and impairment
At 1 January 2025 (Audited) 1,946,344 4,971,484 1,155,159 - 1,525,728 9,598,715
Depreciation charge for the year - 405,882 62,121 335 - 468,338
Impairment reversals (65,580) (407,178) (1,464) - (177,838) (652,060)
Disposals - (535) - - - (535)
Other movements (1,850,718) 437,306 (26,399) - (1,063,352) (2,503,163)
Transfers from property and equipment 5 - 28,048 - 1,059 - 29,107
At 31 December 2025 (Audited) 30,046 5,435,007 1,189,417 1,394 284,538 6,940,402
Depreciation charge for the year - 118,995 16,326 84 - 135,405
Disposals - (62) - - - (62)
At 31 March 2026 (Reviewed) 30,046 5,553,940 1,205,743 1,478 284,538 7,075,745
Net book value at 31 March 2026 (Reviewed) 2,667,125 8,243,843 2,312,933 1,533 2,427,803 15,653,237
Net book value at 31 December 2025 (Audited) 2,189,155 8,341,702 2,329,259 1,617 2,305,049 15,166,782

The capital work-in-progress includes land, buildings and improvements and infrastructure under construction.
During the three-month period ended 31 March 2026, the Group acquired investment property from a related party for a total consideration of AED 475,481 thousand recorded in accordance with the Group's accounting policy (Note 10).
During the three-month period ended 31 March 2026, additions to investment property included roadworks and infrastructure costs recharged by a related party, amounting to AED nil (for the year ended 31 December 2025: AED 122,907 thousand) (Note 10).
For the year ended 31 December 2025, other movements include the derecognition of AED 2,940,469 thousand relating to investment properties previously transferred to the Parent Company, together with the associated accumulated impairment. The amount also includes AED 437,306 thousand of historic impairments reclassified from the cost of investment properties to accumulated impairment.
The depreciation charge for the period is recognised under direct costs amounting to AED 135,405 thousand (for the three-month period ended 31 March 2025: AED 112,761 thousand).
During the three-month period ended 31 March 2026, the management has capitalised borrowing cost of AED 1,084 thousand (for the year ended 31 December 2025: AED nil) at a rate of $4.54\%$ (for the year ended 31 December 2025: nil).

6 Investment property (continued)

The following amounts have been recognised in the condensed interim consolidated statement of income in respect of investment property:

Three-month period ended 31 March
2026 AED'000 2025 AED'000
(Reviewed) (Reviewed)
Operating lease income (Note 20) 674,740 591,412
Direct costs (excluding payroll and related costs) arising from investment property that generated operating lease income 212,226 188,947

7 Derivative financial instruments

Notional amount AED'000 Asset AED'000 Liabilities AED'000
At 31 March 2026 (Reviewed)
Designated as cash flow hedges
Interest rate swap contracts 2,738,434 67,683 1,789
At 31 December 2025 (Audited)
Designated as cash flow hedges
Interest rate swap contracts 2,907,823 61,952 3,695

At 31 March 2026, the fixed interest rates vary from 1.52% to 4.37% per annum (31 December 2025: 1.52% to 4.37% per annum). The floating rates are linked to Emirates Interbank Offered Rate ("EIBOR").

Changes in the fair market values of interest rate swaps that are considered effective and designated as cash flow hedges are recognised in the hedge reserve in other comprehensive income. Amounts are reclassified to profit or loss when the associated hedged transaction affects profit or loss. There was no ineffectiveness to be recorded from the cash flow hedges; any amounts were immaterial.

As at 31 March 2026, derivative financial instruments include interest rate swaps entered into with a related party financial institution, with a fair value of AED 26,134 (31 December 2025: AED 22,678 thousand).

8 Other receivables

| | 31 March
2026
AED'000
(Reviewed) | 31 December
2025
AED'000
(Audited) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Advances to contractors | 127,998 | 107,693 |
| Advances to suppliers | 35,006 | 34,017 |
| Prepayments | 32,055 | 45,472 |
| Finance lease receivables | 11,904 | 12,260 |
| Other receivables | 26,624 | 27,818 |
| | 233,587 | 227,260 |
| Less: non-current | (7,783) | (8,139) |
| Current | 225,804 | 219,121 |

9 Trade and unbilled receivables

| | 31 March
2026
AED'000
(Reviewed) | 31 December
2025
AED'000
(Audited) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Trade receivables | 104,266 | 124,163 |
| Less: loss allowance | (56,375) | (68,748) |
| | 47,891 | 55,415 |
| Unbilled receivables - operating leases | 1,113,850 | 1,129,454 |
| Less: loss allowance | (17,170) | (51,387) |
| | 1,096,680 | 1,078,067 |
| Less: non-current | (974,817) | (947,983) |
| Current | 121,863 | 130,084 |
| Trade and unbilled receivables | | |
| Current | 169,754 | 185,499 |
| Non-current | 974,817 | 947,983 |
| | 1,144,571 | 1,133,482 |

The fair values of trade and unbilled receivables approximate their carrying amounts.

Unbilled receivables arise on revenue recognition based on straight lining which is mainly driven by rent free periods and rent escalation as per the contracts.

The Group has a broad base of customers with no concentration of credit risk within trade receivables at 31 March 2026 and 31 December 2025. The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying value of each class of receivable.

9 Trade and unbilled receivables (continued)

During the three-month period ended 31 March 2026, provisions for loss allowance on trade and unbilled receivables amounting to AED 50,149 thousand were written off (for the year ended 31 December 2025: AED nil).

The provision against not past due receivables reflects the expected credit loss for specific customers identified as having increased credit risk, where collection is considered doubtful, based on forward-looking information and in accordance with the Group's expected credit loss policy. The creation and release of the loss allowance on receivables have been included in the condensed interim consolidated statement of income under general and administrative expenses. Amounts charged to the allowance account are generally written off when there is no expectation of recovering additional cash. The majority of the Group's trade and unbilled receivables are denominated in AED.

10 Balances and transactions with related parties

Related parties comprise Ultimate Parent Company, Intermediate Parent Company, Parent Company and key management personnel and businesses which are controlled directly by the major shareholders or key management personnel. Related parties also include entities over which the Ultimate Parent Company has control or significant influence. The terms of the related party transactions are approved by the management.

(a) Due from related parties

| | 31 March
2026
AED'000 | 31 December
2025
AED'000 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | (Reviewed) | (Audited) |
| Parent Company | 1,413 | 1,413 |
| Other subsidiaries of the Parent Company | 15,130 | 14,066 |
| Other related parties | 17,748 | 15,114 |
| | 34,291 | 30,593 |

The fair values of due from related parties approximate their carrying amounts and are fully performing at 31 March 2026 and 31 December 2025.

Due from and due to related party balances are offset and the net amount is reported in the condensed interim consolidated balance sheet when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or realise the due from and due to balances simultaneously.

10 Balances and transactions with related parties (continued)

(b) Due to related parties

| | 31 March
2026
AED'000
(Reviewed) | 31 December
2025
AED'000
(Audited) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ultimate Parent Company | 15,650 | 13,463 |
| Other subsidiaries of the Parent Company | 18,867 | 42,628 |
| Other related parties | 190,501 | 260,238 |
| | 225,018 | 316,329 |
| Less: non-current | (113,548) | (133,902) |
| Current | 111,470 | 182,427 |

The payables to related parties primarily arise from services rendered by those parties in the normal course of business. These balances are non-interest bearing and are settled under standard commercial terms.

As at 31 March 2026, amounts due to related parties include AED 51,097 thousand (31 December 2025: AED 97,981 thousand), relating to obligations arising from the acquisition of investment property from fellow subsidiaries in 2024. Of this amount, AED 51,097 thousand (31 December 2025: AED 50,441 thousand) is classified as a non-current liability, representing the net present value of obligations with a repayment term of three years.

In addition, amounts due to related parties include AED 90,523 thousand (31 December 2025: AED 138,097 thousand), relating to roadworks and infrastructure costs recharged by a related party. Of this amount, AED 62,451 thousand (AED 83,461 thousand) is classified as a non-current liability, representing the net present value of obligations with a repayment term extending up to 2030.

The classification between current and non-current liabilities reflects the contractual repayment terms, with settlement extending beyond twelve months from the reporting period.

10 Balances and transactions with related parties (continued)

(c) Related party transactions

Break up of other significant transactions with related parties in the normal course of the business is as follows:

Three-month period ended 31 March
2026 AED'000 (Reviewed) 2025 AED'000 (Reviewed)
Transactions between related parties:
Dividends declared to Parent Company 385,000 350,000
Acquisition of investment property from fellow subsidiaries (Note 6) 475,481 -
Settlement of outstanding balances to Ultimate Parent Company, fellow subsidiary and entities under common control 87,010 38,751
Services provided to related parties included in revenue:
Operating lease income from fellow subsidiaries and others 11,390 7,409
Services income from the Parent Company and fellow subsidiaries 48 1,301
Services provided by related parties included in expenses:
Direct costs - operation and maintenance costs
- Fellow subsidiaries 2,654 2,590
- Entities under common control 32,903 30,940
- Other related parties - 11,392
General and administrative expenses - cost recharged
- Ultimate Parent Company 364 79
- Fellow subsidiaries 13,186 11,979
- Other related parties 418 563
Transactions with related party institution
Finance income 1,187 311
Finance costs and other bank charges 19,701 20,873

(d) Remuneration of key management personnel

The compensation to key management personnel of the Group is shown below:

Three-month period ended 31 March
2026 AED'000 2025 AED'000
(Reviewed) (Reviewed)
Salaries and other short-term employee benefits 10,681 10,496
End of service, termination and other post-employment benefits 156 490
Board of Directors' remuneration 350 790
11,187 11,776

(e) The Group enters into transactions with entities related to the government other than those already disclosed in these condensed interim consolidated financial statements. These transactions are not material and primarily comprise utility supply, regulatory services, and banking activities, as well as arrangements relating to the Group's share of infrastructure and roadwork costs benefiting its developments.

(f) In 2025, the Group entered into a land acquisition agreement with a related party for a total consideration of AED 1,556,799 thousand. The first instalment of AED 410,921 thousand was paid during the year ended 31 December 2025 and recorded as additions to investment property (Note 6). During the three-month period ended 31 March 2026, second installment of AED 475,481 is paid and recorded as additions to investment property (Note 6).

The remaining commitment of AED 670,398 thousand is disclosed under capital commitments (Note 26.a), and a related bank guarantee of AED 1,167,600 thousand has been issued in connection with this transaction (Note 26.d).

11 Cash and cash equivalents and bank deposits

31 March 2026 AED'000 31 December 2025 AED'000
(Reviewed) (Audited)
Cash on hand 536 565
Cash at banks
- Current account 109,155 223,030
- Bank deposits 217,463 217,463
327,154 441,058

11 Cash and cash equivalents and bank deposits (continued)

Cash and cash equivalents include the following for the purposes of the condensed interim consolidated statement of cash flows:

| | 31 March
2026
AED'000 | 31 December
2025
AED'000 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | (Reviewed) | (Audited) |
| Cash and cash equivalents and bank deposits | 327,154 | 441,058 |
| Bank deposits with maturities greater than three months | (217,463) | (217,463) |
| | 109,691 | 223,595 |

Bank accounts are held with locally incorporated banks. Bank deposits carry interest in the range of 3.80% to 4.40% (31 December 2025: 3.80% to 4.40%) per annum.

As at 31 March 2026, cash and cash equivalents include AED 98,848 thousand (31 December 2025: AED 107,117 thousand) held with a related party financial institution.

12 Share capital

The total authorised and issued share capital of the Company comprises 5,000,000,000 shares (31 December 2025: 5,000,000,000 shares) of AED 0.10 each. All shares were fully paid-up.

13 Legal reserve

In accordance with UAE Federal Decree Law No. (32) of 2021 and Articles of Association, 10% of the annual profit of the public joint stock company and 5% of the annual profit of each UAE limited liability company are required to be transferred to a statutory reserve, which is not distributable. Transfers to this reserve shall continue until such time as it equals at least 50% of the paid-up share capital of the respective companies. No transfers have been made during the three-month period ended 31 March 2026, as such transfers are effected at year-end upon determination of the annual profits, in line with the aforementioned requirements.

14 Borrowings

| | 31 March
2026
AED'000 | 31 December
2025
AED'000 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | (Reviewed) | (Audited) |
| Bank borrowings | 5,550,000 | 4,950,000 |
| Accrued interest payable | 5,022 | 4,867 |
| Unamortised transaction costs | (23,294) | (26,004) |
| Carrying amount | 5,531,728 | 4,928,863 |
| Less: non-current | (5,526,706) | (4,923,996) |
| Current | 5,022 | 4,867 |

The purpose of the loan facility is to repay existing facilities and for general corporate purposes of the Group. The facility is repayable in a single bullet payment in 2028.

During the three-month period ended 31 March 2026, the Group made additional drawdown amounting to AED 600,000 thousand (for the year ended 31 December 2025: prepayments of AED 300,000 thousand).

As at 31 March 2026, the Group has undrawn floating rate borrowing amounting to AED 2,050,000 thousand from the above facility (31 December 2025: AED 2,650,000 thousand).

The Group has sufficient headroom to enable it to conform to covenants on its existing borrowings and sufficient working capital and undrawn financing facilities to service its operating activities and ongoing investments as at 31 March 2026 and 31 December 2025.

Below are major financial covenants as required by the terms of the facility:

(i) Leverage for each period not to exceed certain ratios as specified in the facility agreement.
(ii) Debt Service Cover Ratio not to be less than 1.20:1.
(iii) Minimum Net Worth in respect of any relevant period not to be less than AED 3,673,000,000 (or its equivalent in any other currency).

The Group has complied with all covenants in line with the borrowing facility agreements at each reporting period. The Group has not had any defaults of principal, interest or redemption amounts during the periods on its borrowed funds.

The Group's borrowings are denominated in AED and bear interest at a fixed margin of 1% plus the prevailing three-month EIBOR, with the floating component subject to repricing every three months from the reporting date. Interest rates on these borrowings ranged from 4.57% to 4.69% (31 December 2025: ranged from 4.68% to 5.38%) per annum.

As at 31 March 2026, borrowings include AED 2,220,000 thousand (31 December 2025: AED 1,980,000 thousand) obtained from a related party financial institution.

(23)

15 Advances from customers

| | 31 March
2026
AED'000 | 31 December
2025
AED'000 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | (Reviewed) | (Audited) |
| Operating lease advances | 1,238,420 | 1,279,845 |
| Contract advances | 45,275 | 48,301 |
| Refundable deposits | 272,075 | 269,755 |
| | 1,555,770 | 1,597,901 |
| Less: non-current | (557,533) | (561,664) |
| Current | 998,237 | 1,036,237 |

Operating lease advances and contract advances represents amounts collected from customers in advance which are subsequently released to the condensed interim consolidated statement of income once the revenue recognition criteria are met.

16 Project liabilities

| | 31 March
2026
AED'000 | 31 December
2025
AED'000 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | (Reviewed) | (Audited) |
| Project payables | 1,060,922 | 1,055,300 |
| Retentions payable | 130,339 | 132,802 |
| | 1,191,261 | 1,188,102 |
| Less: non-current | (754,123) | (734,487) |
| Current | 437,138 | 453,615 |

Project payables include amounts contracted with a government authority to cover the Group's share of costs for roadworks serving the Group's developments. The present value of these payables is AED 837,420 thousand (31 December 2025: AED 826,116 thousand). These costs are settled through agreed annual fixed installments and are recognized at the present value of the expected cash outflows, discounted at a rate of 6.49% (31 December 2025: 6.49%).

The fair value of non-current retentions payable is determined by discounting the gross value of these liabilities using a risk-free rate adjusted by a liability-specific discount rate of 5.39% (31 December 2025: 5.39%). This valuation is classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy due to the reliance on unobservable inputs.

17 Provision for other liabilities and charges

| | 31 March
2026
AED'000 | 31 December
2025
AED'000 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | (Reviewed) | (Audited) |
| Provision for infrastructure cost | 798,499 | 798,499 |
| Provision for terminations and legal claims | 32,451 | 32,451 |
| | 830,950 | 830,950 |
| Less: non-current | (724,193) | (748,788) |
| Current | 106,757 | 82,162 |

18 Trade and other payables

| | 31 March
2026
AED'000 | 31 December
2025
AED'000 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | (Reviewed) | (Audited) |
| Trade payables | 73,475 | 92,548 |
| Accrued expenses | 134,130 | 171,033 |
| Other payables | 16,590 | 15,772 |
| | 224,195 | 279,353 |
| Less: non-current | (1,663) | (1,843) |
| Current | 222,532 | 277,510 |

19 Dividends

At the Annual General Meeting held on 10 March 2025, shareholders approved the distribution of dividends amounting to AED 400,000 thousand (AED 0.08 per share).

At the Annual General Meeting held on 10 March 2026, shareholders approved the distribution of dividends amounting to AED 440,000 thousand (AED 0.09 per share).

20 Revenue

Three-month period ended 31 March
2026 AED'000 2025 AED'000
(Reviewed) (Reviewed)
Operating lease income (Note 6) 674,740 591,412
Service income 79,882 88,321
754,622 679,733

The payments for service income are received in advance and have no significant financing component.

The amount of revenue recognised in the current period from performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods was AED nil (2025: AED nil).

20 Revenue (continued)

The amount of revenue recognised in the current period that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period was AED 48,301 thousand (2025: AED 44,154 thousand).

The aggregate amount of sale price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied as at 31 March 2026 amounted to AED 45,275 thousand (31 December 2025: AED 48,301 thousand; 1 January 2025: AED 44,154 thousand). The Company expects to recognise revenue from these unsatisfied performance obligations over a period of 1 year.

21 Other operating income

22 General and administrative expenses

Three-month period ended 31 March
2026 AED'000 2025 AED'000
(Reviewed) (Reviewed)
Payroll and related costs 20,485 21,251
Management fees and consultancy 10,559 10,264
Information technology 4,709 4,711
Depreciation and amortisation 4,144 3,962
Provision for/(reversal of) loss allowance on receivables - net 3,559 (571)
Administration fees 2,277 1,856
Communication 986 1,219
Professional memberships 805 380
Others 947 1,740
48,471 44,812

23 Current income tax

On 9 December 2022, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Ministry of Finance issued Federal Decree-Law No. 47 of 2022 on the Taxation of Corporations and Businesses ("Corporate Tax Law"), introducing a federal corporate tax regime effective for accounting periods beginning on or after 1 June 2023.

23 Current income tax (continued)

The Group's first tax period was from 1 January 2024 to 31 December 2024. The taxable income of the entities that are in scope for UAE Corporate Tax Law purposes is subject to corporate tax at the rate of 9% for mainland entities and, where conditions are met, 0% for freezone entities.

The tax charge for the three-month period ended 31 March 2026 is AED 12,151 thousand (for the three-month period ended 31 March 2025: AED 10,437 thousand), representing an Effective Tax Rate ("ETR") of 2.92% (for the three-month period ended 31 March 2025: 2.81%). The deviation from the UAE statutory tax rate (i.e. 9%) is primarily driven by subsidiaries operating in free zones that are subject to 0%.

The financial year ended 31 December 2025 was the first period in which UAE Domestic Minimum Top-up Tax (UAE DMTT) legislation became effective in the UAE. The Group has assessed the applicability of the UAE DMTT to its operations and concluded that the Group does not fall within the scope of the legislation, accordingly, no current tax charge or liability arises in respect of the UAE DMTT, and no impact arises on the condensed interim consolidated financial statements for the three-month period ended 31 March 2026.

24 Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share amounts are calculated by dividing profit for the period attributable to ordinary equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period.

As there are no dilutive instruments outstanding, basic and diluted earnings per share are identical. The calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the owners of the Company is based on the following data:

Three-month period ended 31 March
2026 AED'000 (Reviewed) 2025 AED'000 (Reviewed)
Earnings
Earnings for the purpose of basic and diluted earnings per share (profit for the period attributable to owners of the Company) rounded to the nearest AED'000 403,428 360,862
Weighted average number of shares
Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purpose of basic and diluted earnings per share 5,000,000,000 5,000,000,000
Basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to Owners of the Company rounded to the nearest Fil 0.08 0.07

25. Cash generated from operations

26 Commitments

(a) Capital commitments

31 March 2026 AED'000 31 December 2025 AED'000
(Reviewed) (Audited)
Property and equipment 3,918 4,695
Intangible assets 8,838 8,453
Investment properties 1,887,076 2,436,889

(b) Operating lease arrangements - the Group as lessor

Operating non-cancellable leases relate to the investment property owned by the Group with lease terms of between 1 to 5 years for building leases and between 20 to 50 years for land leases.

26 Commitments (continued)

(b) Operating lease arrangements - the Group as lessor (continued)

Future minimum rentals receivable under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:

| | 31 March
2026
AED'000
(Reviewed) | 31 December
2025
AED'000
(Audited) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Later than 5 years | 15,922,489 | 15,031,195 |
| Later than 1 year and not later than 5 years | 3,479,434 | 3,223,355 |
| Not later than 1 year | 975,676 | 936,080 |
| | 20,377,599 | 19,190,630 |

(c) Operating lease arrangements - the Group as lessee

| | 31 March
2026
AED'000
(Reviewed) | 31 December
2025
AED'000
(Audited) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Later than 1 year and not later than 5 years | 1,075 | 2,028 |
| Not later than 1 year | 1,795 | 1,120 |
| | 2,870 | 3,148 |

(d) Contingencies

| | 31 March
2026
AED'000
(Reviewed) | 31 December
2025
AED'000
(Audited) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bank guarantees (i) | 1,252,907 | 1,300,448 |
| Letter of credits (ii) | - | 297 |

(i) This represents bank guarantees provided to a related party for investment property acquired on deferred payment plan. Subsequent to the reporting date, bank guarantees amounting to AED 500,002 thousand, relating to the acquired investment property, were released.

(ii) This pertains to letters of credit issued for construction of certain infrastructure scosts of the Group.

(29)

27 Segment reporting

Information regarding the Group's reportable segments is set out below in accordance with IFRS 8 Operating Segments. IFRS 8 requires operating segments to be identified on the basis of internal reports about components of the Group that are regularly reviewed by the Group's Chief Executive Officer, as the chief operating decision maker, in order to allocate resources to the segment and to assess its performance. Information reported to the Group's Chief Executive Officer for the purpose of resource allocation and assessment of segment performance focuses on the financial performance of each business segment only. No information that includes the segments' assets and liabilities are reported to the Group's Chief Executive Officer.

The Group is organised into four reportable segments: (i) commercial leasing, (ii) industrial leasing, (iii) land leasing and (iv) services and others. The following describes the types of properties, products or services that fall within each of our financial segments:

  • Commercial leasing consists of built to lease and built to suit properties. Built to lease properties are our commercial properties which are typically developed for multiple tenants and are leased out to customers, and include office, retail space and business centres (built to lease). Built to suit properties typically represent our commercial properties where we were able to identify customers in advance of developing the property in order to build a single-tenant customised property that meet a customer's specifications, which are then leased out to them upon completion or similar properties (built to suit).
  • Industrial leasing consists of warehouses and staff accommodation (housing for businesses to accommodate their workers).
  • Land leasing consists of land leases. Our land leases represent land available within our business districts that already has or is expected to develop the necessary infrastructure (such as connecting roads, water, electricity and sewage) that allows us to lease the land. We have intentionally retained such land in order to be able to lease it to customers to suit their specific needs, such as manufacturing, commercial, retail, residential or academic purposes.
  • Services consist of fees from the services that we provide, including those generated from our AXS platform, venue management services, property management and leasing agreements and our in5 platform.
  • Other segments include businesses that individually do not meet the criteria of a reportable segment. These segments include operations and support functions.

The Group operates primarily in United Arab Emirates and accordingly no further geographical analysis of revenue and profit are given. Segment revenue reported represents revenue generated from customers and there were no intersegment sales.

The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as the Group's accounting policies. Segment results represents the profit earned by each segment before interest, depreciation and amortisation. This is the measure reported to the Group's Chief Executive Officer for the purpose of resource allocation and assessment of segment performance.

26 Segment reporting (continued)

Information regarding these segments are as follows:

Commercial leasing AED'000 Land leasing AED'000 Industrial leasing AED'000 Services and others AED'000 Total AED'000
31 March 2026 (Reviewed)
Revenue 387,879 170,790 116,071 79,882 754,622
Direct cost* (54,011) (3,423) (19,387) (12,104) (88,925)
Other operating income 3,383 148 2,606 7,638 13,775
Other expenses (40,991) (8,282) (6,663) (13,667) (69,603)
Segment results before interest and depreciation and amortisation
296,260 159,233 92,627 61,749 609,869
Depreciation and amortisation (87,710) (6,927) (44,157) (755) (139,549)
Income tax expense (1,091) (8,094) (2,848) (118) (12,151)
207,459 144,212 45,622 60,876 458,169
Unallocated net finance cost (54,741)
Profit for the period 403,428
31 March 2025 (Reviewed)
Revenue 348,311 140,746 102,355 88,321 679,733
Direct cost* (54,869) (3,222) (18,095) (14,628) (90,814)
Other operating income 5,911 133 16 9,574 15,634
Other expenses (35,138) (8,482) (6,820) (14,009) (64,449)
Segment results before interest and depreciation and amortisation
264,215 129,175 77,456 69,258 540,104
Depreciation and amortisation (82,790) (6,379) (26,986) (568) (116,723)
Income tax expense (1,762) (6,681) (1,994) - (10,437)
179,663 116,115 48,476 68,690 412,944
Unallocated net finance cost (52,082)
Profit for the period 360,862

*Payroll and related costs are excluded from direct costs and are separately disclosed within other expenses.

Net finance costs are not allocated to operating segments and are therefore presented as unallocated in the segment disclosures.

No single customer contributed 10% or more to the Group's revenue.