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RAMELIUS RESOURCES LIMITED — Interim / Quarterly Report 2017
Jan 30, 2017
65718_rns_2017-01-30_02e94926-3c5b-46ef-a326-951dc611ecc6.pdf
Interim / Quarterly Report
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For Immediate Release 31 January 2017
December 2016 Quarterly Activities Report
HIGHLIGHTS – OPERATIONS, DEVELOPMENT & EXPLORATION
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Group gold production of 31,367 ounces at an AISC of A$1,464/oz (US$1,098/oz) (Guidance A$1,100/oz or US$825/oz). It should be noted that the AISC calculation uses gold sold rather than gold produced, with 25,528 ounces sold in the Quarter and 5,839 ounces on hand at Quarter’s end.
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First Half FY2017 Group gold production of 67,546 ounces at an AISC of A$1,131/oz (US$848/oz), on track to meet annual Guidance of 135,000 ounces*
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Mt Magnet
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Blackmans open pit - open pit set-up work completed, production commenced
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Water Tank Hill underground - approvals received, decline rehab commenced
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Stellar open pits - upgraded Mineral Resource announced in December 2016
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Mt Magnet Exploration - Mineral Resource modelling underway at Morning Star following further positive RC drilling results (see Exploration section), including;
o15m @ 3.49 g/t Au from 111m in GXRC1520, incl. 5m @ 6.25 g/t Auo4m @ 20.21 g/t Au from 113m in GXRC1525, incl. 1m @ 75.5 g/t Au
Vivien
- Upgraded Mineral Resource to 854,000 tonnes @ 7.2 g/t for 198,000 ounces, an increase of 45,000 ounces (24%) over previous, after including production-to-date
PRODUCTION GUIDANCE – MARCH 2017 QUARTER
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Group gold production for the March 2017 Quarter is expected to be 30-34,000 ounces at an AISC of ~A$1,100/oz (US$825/oz*)
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Capital development expenditure of approximately A$10.0M:
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Water Tank Hill underground development (Mt Magnet) - A$6.0M
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oExploration (Mt Magnet & Vivien) - A$4.0M
HIGHLIGHTS – CORPORATE
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Quarterly gold sales A$41.0M at an average sale price of A$1,604/oz
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Cash & gold on hand increased to A$95.0M (Sep-16 Qtr: A$88.7M), after A$7.4M capital development expenditure comprising Blackmans open pit set-up (A$0.3M), Water Tank Hill decline rehab (A$3.7M) & exploration (A$3.4M)
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At 31 December 2016, forward gold sales consisted of 97,009 ounces of gold at an average price of A$1,673/oz over the period to June 2018
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Nil corporate debt
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exchange rate assumed 0.75 US$ : A$
ABOUT RAMELIUS
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Figure 1: Ramelius’ Operations & Development Project Locations
Ramelius owns the Mt Magnet gold mining and processing operation and is operating the high grade Vivien underground gold mine near Leinster, in Western Australia.
PRODUCTION SUMMARY
Table 1: Gold Production and Financial Information
| December 2016 Quarter | December 2016 Quarter | December 2016 Quarter | December 2016 Quarter | H1 FY17 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Units | Mt Magnet |
Vivien | Kathleen Valley |
Group Total |
Group Total |
|||
| t | 325,008 | 51,826 | ‐ | 376,834 | 600,524 | |||
| t | 366,341 | 71,432 | 15,790 | 453,563 | 939,488 | |||
| g/t | 1.10 | 7.03 | 3.85 | 2.13 | 2.36 | |||
| % | 91 | 97 | 97 | 94 | 94 | |||
| oz | 11,745 | 15,622 | 1,884 | 29,251 | 67,293 | |||
| oz | 12,674 | 16,524 | 2,169 | 31,367 | 67,546 | |||
| A$M | 30.2 | 55.2 | ||||||
| A$/oz | 962 | 817 | ||||||
| oz | 25,528 | 64,768 | ||||||
| A$M | 37.4 | 73.3 | ||||||
| A$/oz | 1,464 | 1,131 | ||||||
| Gold sales | A$M | 41.0 | 106.1 | |||||
| Average realisedgoldprice | A$/oz | 1,604 | 1,639 | |||||
| * as per World Gold Council guidelines | ||||||||
| ^ net of by‐product credits |
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OPERATIONS
Mt Magnet Gold Mine (WA)
Mining continued in the Galaxy Mine Area throughout the Quarter with the transition from the Perseverance open pit to the Titan open pit almost completed (refer Figure 2). The bulk of total material movements were carried out in Titan (refer Figure 3), with low strip ratio, smaller volumes of material mined from the lowermost benches of Perseverance. The Perseverance open pit is expected to be completed early in the March 2017 Quarter.
Mining activity ramped up at the Blackmans open pit (refer Figure 4), located 30km north of Mt Magnet. Removal of much of the flat-lying laterite ore was carried during the Quarter, with ore haulage commencing in November 2016.
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Figure 2: Mt Magnet key mining & exploration areas
Claimed high-grade ore mined at Mt Magnet was 325,008 tonnes @ 1.51 g/t for 15,798 ounces with mill reconciled production (including the addition of stockpiled and Titan low grade) of 366,341 tonnes @ 1.10 g/t for 11,745 ounces recovered.
Total mill production (refer Figure 5), including Kathleen Valley and Vivien ore, was 453,563 tonnes @ 2.13 g/t for 29,251 ounces recovered at 94.3% recovery. A scheduled 4-day SAG mill re-line was completed in December 2016, with the next such shutdown not scheduled for approximately six months, depending on the actual wear rate of the mill liners and lifters.
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Figure 3: Titan open pit cutback, looking east
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Figure 4: Blackmans open pit, looking north
Gold production (refer Figure 6) met Guidance of 31-35,000 ounces, with 31,367 ounces of fine gold poured for the Quarter. Cash costs for the period increased to A$962/oz and AISC also increased to A$1,464/oz (Guidance A$1,100/oz). This was primarily a result of lower overall gold production, which in part was due to over-performance from Kathleen Valley in the September 2016 Quarter leading a reduction in production in the December 2016 Quarter as the project was completed early. In addition to this, AISC is calculated on gold sold as opposed to gold produced (i.e. 25,528 ounces sold versus 31,367 ounces produced). The difference between gold sold and gold produced does tend to even out over the course of the year, with timing of actually pouring and selling gold dependent on when the end of Quarter actually falls. This is evidenced by the fact that First Half FY2017 gold production is 67,546 ounces @ an AISC of A$1,131/oz, closer to the gold sold figure of 64,768 ounces.
Production for the March 2017 Quarter is expected to be between 30,000 and 34,000 ounces. The midpoint of forecast production (32,000oz) is expected to be delivered at an AISC of A$1,100/oz.
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Figure 5: Mt Magnet Quarterly Milled Tonnes & Head Grade
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Figure 6: Mt Magnet Quarterly Production & Costs
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Kathleen Valley Gold Mine (WA)
Kathleen Valley mining was completed late in the September 2016 Quarter. The Yellow Aster North open pit was completed in mid-August 2016, followed by the Nil Desperandum open pit in mid-September 2016. Rehabilitation was carried out concurrently with mining activities and therefore final rehabilitation work, other than ongoing monitoring, was also completed in the December 2016 Quarter.
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Figure 7: Yellow Aster open pit – rehabilitated waste dump & abandonment bund
Ore haulage was completed in the early part of the Quarter and Kathleen Valley attributed mill production was 15,790 tonnes @ 3.85 g/t for 1,884 recovered ounces.
In summary, the Kathleen Valley project has been very successful for Ramelius. This is demonstrated in the summary of key metrics in Table 2 below;
Table 2 : Kathleen Valley Project Completion Comparison (financial results are based on internal management reports)
| Unit | Feb‐15 BFS | Dec‐16 Actual | Variance % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physicals | ||||
| Ore tonnes | t | 423,700 | 468,011 | 10% |
| In situ grade | g/t | 4.12 | 4.53 | 10% |
| Recovered ounces | Oz | 55,343 | 65,244 | 22% |
| Financials | ||||
| Total revenue | $M | 74.68 | 98.68 | 32% |
| Total cost | $M | 54.19 | 67.13 | 24% |
| Total cost per ounce | A$/oz | $1,016 | $1,129 | 1% |
| Cash flow | $M | 20.49 | 31.55 | 54% |
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Vivien Gold Mine (WA)
Claimed mined production, including low grade, increased to a new record of 59,444 tonnes @ 7.49 g/t for 14,313 ounces.
Ore development was a major focus during the quarter and occurred on the 300, 280 and 260 levels. Floor benching of the 300 level commenced toward the end of the quarter to allow for placement of a cemented rock fill sill pillar. This pillar will underpin the full extraction and backfilling of the 360-300 stoping blocks. Development to the south also occurred on the 280 and 260 levels exposing good lode zones as predicted by the resource model.
Stoping was completed on the 360-340 stoping level and four blind up-hole panels in the 320 north also mined (refer Figure 8). Stope production rates will increase significantly once the 300 pillar is completed toward the end of the March 2017 Quarter.
Ore haulage continued throughout the quarter and Vivien attributed mill production was 71,432 tonnes @ 7.03 g/t for 15,622 recovered ounces.
Deep exploration underground drilling is expected to commence during the March 2017 Quarter.
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Figure 8: Vivien development & stoping progress (grey) - oblique view to east
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Vivien Resource Update
An update of the resource model was generated at 31 December 2016 (refer Table 3). The resource incorporates new underground diamond drilling and development sampling information. It was depleted for mining and reflects the greater confidence levels gained to date.
Table 3: Vivien Mineral Resource at 31 December 2016
| Category | Tonnes Grade Au (oz) |
| Measured Indicated |
111,000 11.6 41,000 568,000 6.9 126,000 |
| Total Meas. & Ind. | 679,000 7.6 167,000 |
| Inferred | 175,000 5.5 31,000 |
| Total | 854,000 7.2 198,000 |
Note: Inclusive of Ore Reserves Note: Figures are rounded to nearest 1,000 tonnes, 0.1 g/t and 1,000 ounces. Rounding errors may occur.
This resource represents a significant improvement over the 2014 resource of 805,000 t @ 7.1 g/t for 85,000 ounces (141,000 oz Indicated Resource) considering that 33,000 ounces have been depleted for mining. A revised mine plan and Ore Reserve will be generated in the March 2017 Quarter.
Mineral Resource Commentary
The Vivien deposit is a high-grade, quartz vein hosted, lode style deposit. Gold mineralisation is closely associated with sulphide content. It is steeply dipping (70°) and typically between 1 and 5 metres wide. Higher grade shoots plunge to the NE. It was mined historically as an underground (circa 1910) and open-pit (1997). Ramelius has completed significant new development and stoping between 150 to 240 metres vertical depth in 2016 (refer Figure 9).
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Figure 9: Resource long section by Au grade, showing mining depletions (grey)
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The resource is based on 228 surface RC and Diamond holes, plus 24 recently completed underground diamond holes for 3,582m (see ASX Releases 14/06/16 & 19/12/16) and sampling of 614 ore development faces. The lode was interpreted on 12.5m cross sections and wireframed. A block model was generated and grades were estimated using Ordinary Kriging with geostatistically determined parameters, directions and topcut. Resource categories were assigned based on drillhole spacing, ore development locations and improved confidence in geological and grade continuity seen to date. Ore processed to date is 130,598 tonnes @ 7.72 g/t for 31,422 recovered ounces at 97.0% recovery. Detailed information is given in Appendix A - JORC Table 1 below.
PRODUCTION TARGETS
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Figure 10: FY2017 Group Production Profile
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PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
Water Tank Hill Project (WA)
The Water Tank Hill project lies 1.5km west of the town of Mt Magnet (refer Figure 2). The deposit is located 300m west of the St George deposit, which was mined by open pit and then underground methods between 2005 and 2007. Gold mineralisation at the Water Tank Hill deposit occurs within a fold and fault thickened portion of the Banded Iron Formation host rocks.
Current Ore Reserves, released in September 2016, have a combined total for Water Tank Hill and St George of 335,000 tonnes @ 4.9 g/t for 53,000 ounces (refer ASX Release; ‘Resources and Reserves Statement’ 30 September 2016) .
The Quarter saw final approvals received and commencement of open pit and underground rehabilitation work. In addition to surface infrastructure, some 708 metres of the St George decline was rehabilitated during the Quarter (refer Figure 11). The first development ore from the Water Tank Hill orebody is expected late in the March 2017 Quarter.
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Figure 11: Water Tank Hill underground mine
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Milky Way Project/Stellar/Stellar West Project (WA)
The Milky Way open pit is located 3.6km south of the Mt Magnet Checkers mill (refer Figure 2). The deposit was mined in 1999-2000 and produced 626,723 t @ 1.64 g/t for 33,073 oz. Gold mineralisation occurs as stockwork style of sericite-silica-pyrite veining and alteration within a thick altered felsic porphyry unit intruded into ultramafic flow sequences.
Ramelius released an updated Mineral Resource and new Ore Reserve in September 2016. The new Ore Reserve is;
Table 4: Milky Way Ore Reserve (>0.65 g/t)
| Category | tonnes | grade | ounces |
|---|---|---|---|
| Probable | 1,875,000 | 1.3 | 78,000 |
Note: Figure are rounded to nearest 1,000 tonnes, 0.1 g/t and 1,000 ounces. Rounding errors may occur.
See ASX Release, ‘Resource and Reserve Statement’, 30 September 2016 for further details.
Follow up drilling in the Stellar and Stellar West area resulted in an updated Mineral Resource being released in December 2016;
Table 5: Stellar/Stellar West Mineral Resources (>0.7g/t)
| Deposit | Category | tonnes grade |
ounces |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stellar | Indicated Inferred |
637,000 1.5 124,000 1.9 |
32,000 7,000 |
| Total | 761,000 1.6 |
39,000 | |
| Stellar West | Indicated Inferred |
414,000 1.7 97,000 1.1 |
22,000 3,000 |
| Total | 511,000 1.6 |
26,000 | |
| Total | Indicated Inferred |
1,051,000 1.6 221,000 1.5 |
54,000 11,000 |
| Total | 1,271,000 1.6 |
65,000 |
Note: Figures rounded to nearest 1,000 tonnes, 0.1g/t and 1,000 ounces. Rounding errors may occur.
See ASX Release, ‘Exploration & Resource Development Drilling Update’, 19 December 2016 for details.
Work is currently underway to submit a combined Mining Proposal for the Milky Way/Stellar/Stellar West area, following completion of the necessary geotechnical, hydrology, mine & waste dump design and mine scheduling tasks.
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EXPLORATION SUMMARY
Ramelius currently has a suite of gold exploration projects at various stages of advancement, as shown on Figure 12.
Exploration during the Quarter continued to focused on step out RC drilling and reconnaissance Aircore drilling at Mt Magnet.
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Figure 12: Current Brownfields and Greenfields Exploration Projects location plan
Mt Magnet Gold Project (WA)
An aggregate of 8,531m of RC drilling (GXRC1473 - 1527) was completed at Mt Magnet, around the Morning Star, Black Cat South and Hesperus pits, while 378 reconnaissance Aircore holes (GXAC0310 – 687) for an aggregate 21,184m was undertaken to scope for additional porphyry targets within the Boogardie Basin during the Quarter. The reader is referred to the Company’s ASX Release dated 19 December 2016 – Exploration & Resource Development Drilling Update for details on the drill holes GXRC1473 – 1512.
MORNING STAR DRILLING
Deeper RC drilling below the Morning Star pit, including the Eddie Carson Lode, continued until the Christmas break. The drilling was testing for blind mineralised quartz lodes, porphyry units and banded iron formations away from the historically mined high grade lode positions (refer Figures 13 and 14). Encouraging results continue to be returned from this exploration strategy. Better intersections returned from the Eddie Carson Lode that were drilled subsequent to the 19 December release include:
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15m @ 3.49 g/t Au from 111m in GXRC1520, incl 5m @ 6.25 g/t Au
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10m @ 2.89 g/t Au from 166m in GXRC1524
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3m @ 11.47 g/t Au from 180m in GXRC1524
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4m @ 20.21 g/t Au from 113m in GXRC1525, incl 1m @ 75.5 g/t Au
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12m @ 5.53 g/t Au from 173m in GXRC1525, incl 2m @ 24.48 g/t Au
The Eddie Carson Lode represents a series of north-northwest trending quartz-sulphide veins/veinlets hosted within andesitic volcaniclastics that occupy the north-eastern corner of the Morning Star pit. Several lode positions have been intersected to date but the true widths of the mineralised intersections remain unclear given the broad nature of the exploration drilling. Infill drilling will be required to better determine the true orientation and thickness of the veins.
BLACK CAT SOUTH DRILLING
RC drilling targeted the saddle between the Morning Star pit and the Black Cat South pit. Drilling is ongoing here testing the historically mined chert/banded iron hosted mineralisation as well as quartz veins in mafic volcaniclastics and mineralised porphyry lenses in the hangingwall (west of the historically mined main lode). An updated long section is attached as Figure 14. Reported results received to date include:
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7m at 5.98 g/t Au from 100m in GXRC1509, incl 1m at 27.3 g/t Au
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3m at 7.36 g/t Au from 83m in GXRC1510, incl 1m at 17.35 g/t Au 3m at 9.08 g/t Au from 61m in GXRC1511, incl 1m at 20.9 g/t Au
HESPERUS EAST DRILLING
Broad zones of significant gold mineralisation have been returned from selected RC drilling east of the Hesperus pit (refer Figure 2). The deeper RC holes have shown good dip continuity of mineralised intersections. Gold mineralisation is associated with a series of north-northwest striking felsic porphyry rocks intruding into the mafic/ultramafic stratigraphy (refer Figure 15). They are disrupted by the north-easterly trending Boogardie Breaks. Better porphyry hosted drill results (as reported 19 December 2016) occur where the Boogardie Breaks intersect the porphyry units, including:
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20m at 1.23 g/t Au from 31m in GXRC1501
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16m at 1.32 g/t Au from 105m in GXRC1505
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20m at 1.34 g/t Au from 44m in GXRC1506 and
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12m at 2.44 g/t Au from 26m in GXRC1507
MORNING STAR DEEPS DRILLING
Deep exploratory navigational diamond drilling is scheduled to commence at the Morning Star Deeps in late January 2017, with the aim of delineating resource extensions below the current limit of underground mining (980mbs) down to approximately 1,500mbs. Initially the drilling will target the interpreted high grade keel of the Morning Star deposit where previous deep diamond drilling confirmed the depth continuity of the high grade gold mineralisation. Better historical (Hill 50 Gold NL - circa 1992) diamond drill results, from the deepest hole, include:
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16m at 9.05 g/t Au from 1,145m in MSD0044F and
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11.6m at 9.99 g/t Au from 1,178m in MSD0044F and
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8.0m at 10.20 g/t Au from 1,196m in MSD0044F
December 2016 Quarter drill hole assay data (not previously reported) is provided in Attachment 1.
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Figure 13: Morning Star pit plan view highlighting targeted lode extensions including the Eddie Carson Lode and the saddle between Morning Star & Black Cat South pit
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Figure 14: North-south section through the Black Cat South pit looking east
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Figure 15: Hesperus East cross section
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BOOGARDIE BASIN – AIRCORE DRILLING
Regional Aircore drilling traverses continued throughout the Boogardie Basin during the Quarter. The Aircore drilling is targeting porphyry-ultramafic contacts in areas of ineffective historical drilling as well as targeting shallow plus 100ppb gold in regolith anomalies and/or historical bottom of shallow RAB/Aircore anomalies where present. Several new target areas including Artemis and Bundy Flats have been identified for followup RC drilling in addition to the previously reported Zeus and Venus targets (refer Figure 16).
ZEUS PROSPECT
Exploration drilling adjacent to the Stellar West deposit has delineated significant quartz vein hosted gold mineralisation along the western flank of the newly named Zeus Porphyry. A single reconnaissance RC drill hole (GXRC1492) returned a highly encouraging intersection of 8m @ 12.20 g/t Au from 65m, to end of hole, associated with the abundant quartz veining within altered porphyry on the contact with ultramafics. This intersection correlates well with the significant porphyry hosted Aircore drill results up to 19m @ 1.31 g/t Au from 32m, located 140m further north. This Zeus Prospect area will become a focus for infill Aircore and deeper RC drill testing during 2017.
ARTEMIS PROSPECT
The Artemis Porphyry was tested by three Aircore traverses 400 to 600m apart. Better drill intersections include 22m @ 0.69 g/t Au from 48m, including 12m @ 1.01 g/t Au in GXAC0631. The anomalous gold mineralisation is associated with oxidised porphyry rocks adjacent to ultramafic contacts. Historical drilling over this target area was too shallow to identify any gold anomalism. Follow-up Aircore drilling and RC drill testing is planned.
BUNDY FLATS PROSPECT
At Bundy Flats encouraging intersections up to 16m @ 1.63 g/t Au from 16m, including 4m @ 5.63 g/t Au in GXAC0665 were returned. Mineralisation is again associated with upper saprolite anomalism along a porphyry – ultramafic contact. Infill Aircore drilling and RC drill testing is being planned.
Significant (>0.4g/t Au) composite drill hole assay data for the Aircore holes not previously reported, up to and including GXAC0687 is provided in Attachment 2.
Deeper RC drill testing proposed to follow-up on the Venus and Zeus targets during the December 2016 Quarter was delayed as priorities focussed on RC drilling around the Morning Star pit. A second RC rig has been contracted from January 2017 to ensure the Aircore prospects can be followed up concurrently with infill and extension RC drilling below the Morning Star and Black Cat South open pits (refer Figure 17).
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Figure 16: Reconnaissance Aircore & RC drilling completed by Ramelius throughout the Boogardie Basin to date
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Figure 17: Longitudinal section through the Morning Star Deeps
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Tanami Joint Venture (NT) – Ramelius 85%
An aggregate 5,780m of reconnaissance Aircore drilling was completed over the Highland Rocks ELs during the Quarter (HRAC0001 – 167). Disappointingly, only low order gold anomalism was returned from the drilling program (see ASX Release dated 19 December 2016).
It is anticipated the balance of the Tanami joint venture ELA’s will be granted ahead of the start of the 2017 field season in April. Also further work is scheduled to follow up other areas of gold anomalism identified from previous soil sampling programs.
Coogee Gold Project (WA)
No significant results were returned from the small diamond drilling program completed over Coogee Beach as reported last Quarter.
CORPORATE & FINANCE
Gold sales for the December 2016 Quarter were A$41M at an average price of A$1,604/oz.
At 31 December 2016, the Company had A$85.7M of cash and A$9.3M of gold bullion on hand for a total of A$95.0M . This represents a A$6.3M increase from the September 2016 Quarter (A$88.7M) after capital development expenditure comprising Blackmans open pit set-up (A$0.3M), Water Tank Hill decline rehab (A$3.7M) and exploration (A$3.4M).
The sale of the Kathleen Valley Project tenements to Liontown Resources Limited’s ( ASX: LTR ) subsidiary LRL (Aust) Pty Ltd was completed on 9 December 2016 with the issue of 25 million fully paid ordinary LTR shares to Ramelius. Ramelius retains 100% rights to all gold won from the tenement package and will be entitled to a $0.50 per tonne production royalty on any rare metal pegmatite hosted ore (including lithium, tantalum and associated metals) mined and milled from the tenements and a royalty of 1% of the gross sales of concentrate produced from rare metal pegmatite hosted ore removed from the tenements.
The A$10M financing facility secured with the Commonwealth Bank of Australia (CBA) in June 2015 remains undrawn.
At 31 December 2016, forward gold sales consisted of 97,009 ounces of gold at an average price of A$1,673/oz over the period to June 2018. The hedge book summary is shown below in Table 6;
Table 6: Hedge Book Summary
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For further information contact: Mark Zeptner Duncan Gordon Managing Director Executive Director Ramelius Resources Limited Ph: +61 8 9202 1127 Ph: +61 8 8232 8800
Executive Director Adelaide Equity Partners Ph: +61 8 8232 8800
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FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains forward looking statements. The forward looking statements are based on current expectations, estimates, assumptions, forecasts and projections and the industry in which it operates as well as other factors that management believes to be relevant and reasonable in the circumstances at the date such statements are made, but which may prove to be incorrect. The forward looking statements relate to future matters and are subject to various inherent risks and uncertainties. Many known and unknown factors could cause actual events or results to differ materially from the estimated or anticipated events or results expressed or implied by any forward looking statements. Such factors include, among others, changes in market conditions, future prices of gold and exchange rate movements, the actual results of production, development and/or exploration activities, variations in grade or recovery rates, plant and/or equipment failure and the possibility of cost overruns. Neither Ramelius, its related bodies corporate nor any of their directors, officers, employees, agents or contractors makes any representation or warranty (either express or implied) as to the accuracy, correctness, completeness, adequacy, reliability or likelihood of fulfilment of any forward looking statement, or any events or results expressed or implied in any forward looking statement, except to the extent required by law.
COMPETENT PERSONS
The information in this report that relates to Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves is based on information compiled by Kevin Seymour (Exploration Results), Rob Hutchison (Mineral Resources) and Duncan Coutts (Ore Reserves), who are Competent Persons and Members of The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. Kevin Seymour, Rob Hutchison and Duncan Coutts are full-time employees of the company. Kevin Seymour, Rob Hutchison and Duncan Coutts have sufficient experience that is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity being undertaken to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of the “Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves”. Kevin Seymour, Rob Hutchison and Duncan Coutts consent to the inclusion in this report of the matters based on their information in the form and context in which it appears.
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Attachment 1: Significant (>0.5 g/t Au) RC drilling, Mount Magnet, WA
| Hole Id | Easting | Northing | Az/Dip | RL | F/Depth (m) |
From (m) | To (m) | Interval (m) |
g/t Au |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GXRC1513 | 580862 | 6896675 | 070/-60 | 444 | 133 | 43 58 74 79 97 |
47 59 75 80 101 |
4 1 1 1 4 |
0.63 0.56 0.56 5.54 6.11 |
| GXRC1514 | 580876 | 6896733 | 072/-61 | 445 | 139 | 22 30 37 |
23 34 38 |
1 4 1 |
0.59 0.41 0.97 |
| GXRC1515 | 580797 | 6896704 | 070/-60 | 443 | 139 | 20 24 29 67 76 135 |
21 25 33 71 80 136 |
1 1 4 4 4 1 |
5.33 0.60 3.02 1.57 1.95 0.59 |
| GXRC1516 | 580786 | 6896977 | 113/-64 | 447 | 121 | 5 26 33 83 99 |
6 28 36 84 100 |
1 2 3 1 1 |
2.74 0.63 1.14 0.58 1.93 |
| GXRC1517 | 580786 | 6896995 | 074/-63 | 448 | 181 | 0 19 44 51 73 82 123 |
1 22 45 52 74 84 124 |
1 3 1 1 1 2 1 |
0.58 0.62 0.67 0.64 2.49 1.85 1.64 |
| GXRC1518 | 581194 | 6897475 | 070/-62 | 442 | 175 | NSR | |||
| GXRC1519 | 581170 | 6897506 | 070/-62 | 442 | 193 | NSR | |||
| GXRC1520 | 581156 | 6897526 | 070/-70 | 442 | 181 Incl. |
111 121 152 |
126 126 153 |
15 5 1 |
3.49 6.25 1.46 |
| GXRC1521 | 581142 | 6897562 | 070/-70 | 442 | 163 | 90 99 |
91 100 |
1 1 |
0.89 0.86 |
| GXRC1522 | 581150 | 6897586 | 070/-70 | 442 | 151 | 66 94 |
67 96 |
1 2 |
1.56 0.88 |
| GXRC1523 | 581126 | 6897637 | 250/-70 | 442 | 151 | 149 | 150 | 1 | 3.86 |
| GXRC1524 | 581168 | 6897631 | 258/-70 | 442 | 235 | 104 121 125 137 166 180 188 212 229 |
106 122 126 138 176 183 192 213 230 |
2 1 1 1 10 3 4 1 1 |
0.99 4.83 1.06 0.98 2.89 11.47 4.82 0.68 1.20 |
| GXRC1525 | 581219 | 6897603 | 248/-61 | 441 | 247 Incl. Incl. |
1 11 15 40 45 113 114 139 173 173 209 243 |
5 12 17 42 46 117 115 140 185 175 214 245 |
4 1 2 2 1 4 1 1 12 2 5 2 |
1.10 0.51 1.10 1.19 0.65 20.21 75.50 1.24 5.53 24.48 2.58 0.69 |
| GXRC1526 | 581138 | 6897830 | 248/-61 | 444 | 212 | 163 | 164 | 1 | 0.51 |
| GXRC1527 | 581150 | 6898037 | 248/-67 | 446 | 146 | 77 82 107 |
78 85 108 |
1 3 1 |
1.87 2.70 1.07 |
20
Reported significant gold assay intersections (using a 0.5 g/t Au lower cut) are reported using 1m downhole intervals at plus 0.5 g/t gold, with up to 2m of internal dilution. Gold determination was by Fire Assay using a 50gm charge with AAS finishes and a lower limit of detection of 0.01 ppm Au. NSR denotes no significant results. True widths of the reported mineralised intersection remain unknown given the paucity of deeper drilling at this stage. Coordinates are MGA94-Z50. Abn hole denotes hole was abandoned due to excessive deviation away from its intended target.
Attachment 2: Anomalous Aircore drilling 4m composite intersections (>0.40 g/t Au over 4m or greater) within the Boogardie Basin - Mt Magnet, WA.
| Hole Id | Easting | Northing | Az/Dip | RL | F/Depth (m) |
From (m) | To (m) | Interval (m) |
g/t Au |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GXAC0608 | 578977 | 6895703 | 270/-60 | 436.0 000 |
67 | 12 36 |
16 40 |
4 4 |
0.43 0.71 |
| GXAC0629 | 580195 | 6893299 | 270/-60 | 436 | 70 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0.42 |
| GXAC0631 | 580295 | 6893305 | 270/-60 | 436 | 70 Incl. |
48 48 |
70 60 |
22 12 |
0.65 1.01 |
| GXAC0646 | 580544 | 6892897 | 270/-60 | 427 | 78 | 28 | 32 | 4 | 0.58 |
| GXAC0648 | 580122 | 6893909 | 270/-60 | 429 | 67 | 56 | 64 | 8 | 0.55 |
| GXAC0657 | 580500 | 6896855 | 270/-60 | 444 | 79 | 72 | 79 | 7 | 0.58 |
| GXAC0659 | 580153 | 6896953 | 270/-60 | 444 | 61 | 32 | 40 | 8 | 0.71 |
| GXAC0665 | 580024 | 6897052 | 270/-60 | 444 | 72 | 16 24 |
32 28 |
16 4 |
1.63 5.63 |
| GXAC0666 | 580056 | 6897053 | 270/-60 | 444 | 97 | 84 | 92 | 8 | 0.85 |
| GXAC0668 | 580252 | 6897053 | 270/-60 | 444 | 73 | 28 | 32 | 4 | 0.41 |
Reported anomalous gold assay intersections are constrained using a 0.40 g/t Au lower cut for the 4m composite interval, with up to 4m of internal dilution. Gold determination was by Fire Assay using a 50gm charge with AAS finishes and a lower limit of detection of 0.01 ppm Au. NSR denotes no significant results. EOH denotes end of hole depth. True widths remain unknown at this stage of exploration. Coordinates are MGA94-Z50.
21
JORC Table 1 Report for Mt Magnet, RC and Aircore Drilling
Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Sampling | Nature and quality of sampling (eg | At Mt Magnet potential gold mineralised |
| techniques | cut channels, random chips, or | intervals are systematically sampled using |
| specific specialised industry standard | industry standard 1m intervals, collected from | |
| measurement tools appropriate to the | reverse circulation (RC) drill holes and 4m |
|
| minerals under investigation, such as | composites from reconnaissance Aircore | |
| down hole gamma sondes, or | traverses. | |
| handheld XRF instruments, etc). These | Drill hole locations were designed to allow for |
|
| examples should not be taken as | spatial spread across the interpreted | |
| limiting the broad meaning of | mineralised zone. All RC samples were | |
| sampling. | collected and riffle split to 3‐4kg samples on 1m | |
| Include reference to measures taken | metre intervals. Aircore samples are speared | |
| to ensure sample representivity and | from piles on the ground and are composited | |
| the appropriate calibration of any | into 4m intervals before despatching to the | |
| measurement tools or systems used. | laboratory. Single metre bottom of hole Aircore | |
| Aspects of the determination of | samples are collected for trace element | |
| mineralisation that are Material to | determinations | |
| the Public Report. | Standard fire assaying was employed using a | |
| In cases where ‘industry standard’ | 50gm charge with an AAS finish for all RC and | |
| work has been done this would be | Aircore chip samples. Trace element | |
| relatively simple (eg ‘reverse | determination was undertaken using a multi (4) | |
| circulation drilling was used to obtain | acid digest and ICP‐ AES finish. | |
| 1 m samples from which 3 kg was | ||
| pulverised to produce a 30 g charge | ||
| for fire assay’). In other cases more | ||
| explanation may be required, such as | ||
| where there is coarse gold that has | ||
| inherent sampling problems. Unusual | ||
| commodities or mineralisation types | ||
| (eg submarine nodules) may warrant | ||
| disclosure of detailed information. | ||
| Drilling | Drill type (eg core, reverse circulation, | Drilling was completed using best practice 5 ¾” |
| techniques | open‐hole hammer, rotary air blast, | face sampling RC drilling hammers for all RC drill |
| auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and details | holes and 3” Aircore bits. | |
| (eg core diameter, triple or standard | ||
| tube, depth of diamond tails, face‐ | ||
| sampling bit or other type, whether | ||
| core is oriented and if so, by what | ||
| _method, etc). _ | ||
| Drill sample | Method of recording and assessing | Bulk RC and Aircore drill holes samples were |
| recovery | core and chip sample recoveries and | visually inspected by the supervising geologist |
| results assessed. | to ensure adequate clean sample recoveries | |
| Measures taken to maximise sample | were achieved. Note Aircore drilling while clean | |
| recovery and ensure representative | is not used in any resource estimation work. | |
| nature of the samples. | Anywet,contaminated orpoor sample returns |
22
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Whether a relationship exists | are flagged and recorded in the database to | |
| between sample recovery and grade | ensure no sampling bias is introduced. | |
| and whether sample bias may have | Zones of poor sample return both in RC and | |
| occurred due to preferential loss/gain | Aircore are recorded in the database and cross | |
| of fine/coarse material. | checked once assay results are received from | |
| the laboratory to ensure no misrepresentation | ||
| of sampling intervals has occurred. Of note, | ||
| excellent RC drill recovery is reported from all | ||
| RC holes. Reasonable recovery is noted for all | ||
| Aircore samples. | ||
| Logging | Whether core and chip samples have | All drill samples are geologically logged on site |
| been geologically and geotechnically | by professional geologists. Details on the host | |
| logged to a level of detail to support | lithologies, deformation, dominant minerals | |
| appropriate Mineral Resource | including sulphide species and alteration | |
| estimation, mining studies and | minerals plus veining are recorded relationally | |
| metallurgical studies. | (separately) so the logging is interactive and not | |
| Whether logging is qualitative or | biased to lithology. | |
| quantitative in nature. Core (or | Drill hole logging is qualitative on visual | |
| costean, channel, etc) photography. | recordings of rock forming minerals and | |
| The total length and percentage of | quantitative on estimates of mineral | |
| the relevant intersections logged. | abundance. | |
| The entire length of each drill hole is | ||
| geologicallylogged. | ||
| Sub‐sampling | If core, whether cut or sawn and |
Duplicate samples are collected every 25th |
| techniques | whether quarter, half or all core | sample from the RC and Aircore chips. |
| and sample | taken. | Dry RC 1m samples are riffle split to 3‐4kg as |
| preparation | If non‐core, whether riffled, tube | drilled and dispatched to the laboratory. Any |
| sampled, rotary split, etc and whether | wet samples are recorded in the database as |
|
| sampled wet or dry. | such and allowed to dry before splitting and | |
| For all sample types, the nature, | dispatching to the laboratory. | |
| quality and appropriateness of the | All RC and Aircore chips are pulverized prior to | |
| sample preparation technique. | splitting in the laboratory to ensure | |
| Quality control procedures adopted | homogenous samples with 85% passing 75um. | |
| for all sub‐sampling stages to | 200gm is extracted by spatula that is used for | |
| maximise representivity of samples. | the 50gm charge on standard fire assays. | |
| Measures taken to ensure that the | All samples submitted to the laboratory are | |
| sampling is representative of the in | sorted and reconciled against the submission | |
| situ material collected, including for | documents. In addition to duplicates a high | |
| instance results for field | grade or low grade standard is included every | |
| duplicate/second‐half sampling. | 25thsample, a controlled blank is inserted every | |
| Whether sample sizes are appropriate | 100thsample. The laboratory uses barren |
|
| to the grain size of the material being | flushes to clean their pulveriser and their own | |
| sampled. | internal standards and duplicates to ensure | |
| industry best practice quality control is | ||
| maintained. | ||
| The sample size is considered appropriate for | ||
| the type, style, thickness and consistency of | ||
| mineralization. | ||
| Quality of | The nature, quality and | The fire assay method is designed to measure |
| assay data | appropriateness of the assaying and | the totalgold in the RC and Aircore samples. |
23
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| and | laboratory procedures used and | The technique involves standard fire assays |
| laboratory | whether the technique is considered | using a 50gm sample charge with a lead flux |
| tests | partial or total. | (decomposed in the furnace). The prill is totally |
| For geophysical tools, spectrometers, | digested by HCl and HNO3acids before | |
| handheld XRF instruments, etc, the | measurement of the gold determination by | |
| parameters used in determining the | AAS. Aqua regia digest is considered adequate | |
| analysis including instrument make | for surface soil sampling. | |
| and model, reading times, | No field analyses of gold grades are completed. | |
| calibrations factors applied and their | Quantitative analysis of the gold content and | |
| derivation, etc. | trace elements is undertaken in a controlled | |
| Nature of quality control procedures | laboratory environment. | |
| adopted (eg standards, blanks, | Industry best practice is employed with the | |
| duplicates, external laboratory | inclusion of duplicates and standards as | |
| checks) and whether acceptable levels | discussed above, and used by Ramelius as well |
|
| of accuracy (ie lack of bias) and | as the laboratory. All Ramelius standards and | |
| precision have been established. | blanks are interrogated to ensure they lie within | |
| acceptable tolerances. Additionally, sample | ||
| size, grind size and field duplicates are | ||
| examined to ensure no bias to gold grades | ||
| exists. | ||
| Verification | The verification of significant | Alternative Ramelius personnel have inspected |
| of sampling | intersections by either independent or | the RC and Aircore chips in the field to verify |
| and assaying | alternative company personnel. | the correlation of mineralised zones between |
| The use of twinned holes. | assay results and lithology, alteration and | |
| Documentation of primary data, data | mineralization. | |
| entry procedures, data verification, | All holes are digitally logged in the field and all | |
| data storage (physical and electronic) | primary data is forwarded to Ramelius’ | |
| protocols. | Database Administrator (DBA) in Perth where it | |
| Discuss any adjustment to assay data. | is imported into Datashed, a commercially |
|
| available and industry accepted database | ||
| software package. Assay data is electronically | ||
| merged when received from the laboratory. | ||
| The responsible project geologist reviews the | ||
| data in the database to ensure that it is correct | ||
| and has merged properly and that all the drill | ||
| data collected in the field has been captured | ||
| and entered into the database correctly. | ||
| The responsible geologist makes the DBA aware | ||
| of any errors and/or omissions to the database | ||
| and the corrections (if required) are corrected | ||
| in the database immediately. | ||
| No adjustments or calibrations are made to any | ||
| of the assay data recorded in the database. | ||
| No new mineral resource estimate is included in | ||
| this report. | ||
| Location of | Accuracy and quality of surveys used | All drill hole collars are picked up using accurate |
| data points | to locate drill holes (collar and down‐ | DGPS survey control. All down hole surveys are |
| hole surveys), trenches, mine | collected using downhole Eastman single shot | |
| workings and other locations used in | surveyingtechniquesprovided bythe drilling |
24
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Mineral Resource estimation. | contractors. | |
| Specification of the grid system used. | All Mt Magnet holes are picked up in MGA94 – | |
| Quality and adequacy of topographic | Zone 50 grid coordinates. | |
| control. | DGPS RL measurements captured the collar | |
| surveys of the drill holes prior to the resource | ||
| estimation work. | ||
| Data spacing | Data spacing for reporting of | All drilling was reconnaissance in nature, |
| and | Exploration Results. | looking for extensions to known mineralised |
| distribution | Whether the data spacing and | systems. As such the drilling pattern is random |
| distribution is sufficient to establish | and no true continuity has been established to | |
| the degree of geological and grade | date. | |
| continuity appropriate for the Mineral | Given the limited understanding of the target |
|
| Resource and Ore Reserve estimation | horizon infill drilling will be considered | |
| procedure(s) and classifications | necessary to help define the continuity of | |
| applied. | mineralisation. | |
| Whether sample compositing has | No sampling compositing has been applied | |
| been applied. | within keymineralised intervals. | |
| Orientation | Whether the orientation of sampling | The RC drilling is completed orthogonal to the |
| of data in | achieves unbiased sampling of | interpreted strike of the target horizon. Aircore |
| relation to | possible structures and the extent to | drilling is completed on systematic MGA E‐W |
| geological | which this is known, considering the | traverses with holes nominally 50m apart. |
| structure | deposit type. | No diamond drilling has been completed by |
| If the relationship between the drilling | Ramelius at this stage. |
|
| orientation and the orientation of key | ||
| mineralised structures is considered | ||
| to have introduced a sampling bias, | ||
| this should be assessed and reported | ||
| if material. | ||
| Sample | The measures taken to ensure sample | Sample security is integral to Ramelius’ |
| security | security. | sampling procedures. All bagged samples are |
| delivered directly from the field to the assay | ||
| laboratory in Perth, whereupon the laboratory | ||
| checks the physically received samples against | ||
| Ramelius’ sample submission/dispatch notes. | ||
| Audits or | The results of any audits or reviews of | Sampling techniques and procedures are |
| reviews | sampling techniques and data. | reviewed prior to the commencement of new |
| work programmes to ensure adequate | ||
| procedures are in place to maximize the sample | ||
| collection and sample quality on new projects. | ||
| No external audits have been completed to | ||
| date. |
25
Section 2 Reporting of Exploration Results
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Mineral | Type, reference name/number, | The results reported in this report are on |
| tenement and | location and ownership including | granted Mining Leases (ML) 58/136 + 187 and |
| land tenure | agreements or material issues with | ML58/202 all owned 100% by Ramelius |
| status | third parties such as joint ventures, | Resources Limited. The Mt Magnet tenements |
| partnerships, overriding royalties, | are located on pastoral/grazing leases. | |
| native title interests, historical sites, | Heritage surveys are completed prior to any | |
| wilderness or national park and | ground disturbing activities in accordance with | |
| environmental settings. | Ramelius’ responsibilities under the Aboriginal | |
| The security of the tenure held at the | Heritage Act. | |
| time of reporting along with any | At this time all the tenements are in good | |
| known impediments to obtaining a | standing. There are no known impediments to | |
| licence to operate in the area. | obtaininga licence to operate in the area. | |
| Exploration | Acknowledgment and appraisal of | Exploration and mining by other parties has |
| done by other | exploration by other parties. | been reviewed and is used as a guide to |
| parties | Ramelius’ exploration activities. Previous | |
| parties have completed shallow RAB, Aircore | ||
| drilling and RC drilling and shallow open pit and | ||
| underground mining at Morning Star, plus | ||
| drilling and open pit mining only at Hesperus, | ||
| Milky Way, O’Meara, and Stellar plus | ||
| geophysical data collection and interpretation. | ||
| This report concerns only exploration results | ||
| generated by Ramelius during the December | ||
| quarter 2016 that were not previously reported | ||
| to the ASX 19 December 2016. | ||
| Geology | Deposit type, geological setting and | The targeted mineralisation at Morning Star is |
| style of mineralisation. | typical of orogenic structurally controlled | |
| Archaean gold lode systems. The mineralisation | ||
| is controlled by anastomosing shear zones | ||
| passing through competent rock units, brittle | ||
| fracture and stockwork mineralization is | ||
| common on the competent BIF or porphyry | ||
| rock. The bedrock Morning Star mineralisation | ||
| currently extends over 700m strike and dips | ||
| steeply westwards and plunges 60deg to the | ||
| southwest. The historically mined lodes are | ||
| known to extend to at least 1km below surface. | ||
| Drill hole | A summary of all information | All the drill holes reported in this report have |
| Information | material to the understanding of the | the following parameters applied. All drill holes |
| exploration results including a | completed, including holes with no significant | |
| tabulation of the following | results (as defined in the Attachments) are | |
| information for all Material drill holes: | reported in this announcement. | |
o easting and northing of the drill |
Easting and northing are given in MGA94 | |
| hole collar | coordinates as defined in the Attachments. | |
o elevation or RL (Reduced Level – |
RL is AHD | |
| elevation above sea level in | Dip is the inclination of the hole from the | |
| metres) of the drill hole collar | horizontal. Azimuth is reported in magnetic | |
o dip and azimuth of the hole |
26
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
o down hole length and interception |
degrees as the direction the hole is drilled. | |
| depth | MGA94 and magnetic degrees vary by <10in the | |
o hole length. |
project area. | |
| If the exclusion of this information is | Down hole length is the distance measured | |
| justified on the basis that the | along the drill hole trace. Intersection length is | |
| information is not Material and this | the thickness of an anomalous gold intersection | |
| exclusion does not detract from the | measured along the drill hole trace. | |
| understanding of the report, the | Hole length is the distance from the surface to | |
| Competent Person should clearly | the end of the hole measured along the drill | |
| explain why this is the case. | hole trace. | |
| No results currently available from the | ||
| exploration drilling are excluded from this | ||
| report. Gold grade intersections >0.4 g/t Au | ||
| within 4m Aircore composites or >0.5 g/t Au | ||
| within single metre RC samples (with up to 4m | ||
| of internal dilution) are considered significant in | ||
| the broader mineralised host rocks | ||
| Gold grades greater than 0.5 g/t Au are | ||
| highlighted where good continuity of higher | ||
| grade mineralization is observed. | ||
| Data | In reporting Exploration Results, | The first gold assay result received from each |
| aggregation | weighting averaging techniques, | sample reported by the laboratory is tabled in |
| methods | maximum and/or minimum grade | the list of significant assays. Subsequent repeat |
| truncations (eg cutting of high | analyses when performed by the laboratory are | |
| grades) and cut‐off grades are usually | checked against the original to ensure |
|
| Material and should be stated. | repeatability of the assay results. | |
| Where aggregate intercepts | Weighted average techniques are applied to | |
| incorporate short lengths of high | determine the grade of the anomalous interval | |
| grade results and longer lengths of | when geological intervals less than 1m have | |
| low grade results, the procedure used | been sampled. | |
| for such aggregation should be stated | Exploration drilling results are generally |
|
| and some typical examples of such | reported using a 0.1 g/t Au lower cut‐off (as | |
| aggregations should be shown in | described above and reported in the | |
| detail. | Attachments) and may include up to 4m of | |
| The assumptions used for any | internal dilution. Significant resource | |
| reporting of metal equivalent values | development drill hole assays are reported | |
| should be clearly stated. | greater than 0.5 or 8.0 g/t Au and are also | |
| reported separately. For example, the broader | ||
| plus 1.0 g/t Au intersection of 6.5m @ 30.5 g/t | ||
| Au contains a higher grade zone running plus 8 | ||
| g/t Au and is included as 4m @ 48.5 g/t Au. | ||
| Where extremely high gold intersections are | ||
| encountered as in this example, the highest | ||
| grade sample interval (eg 1.0m @ 150 g/t Au) is | ||
| also reported. All assay results are reported to | ||
| 3 significant figures in line with the analytical | ||
| precision of the laboratory techniques | ||
| employed. | ||
| No metal equivalent reporting is used or | ||
| applied. |
27
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Relationship | These relationships are particularly | The intersection length is measured down the |
| between | important in the reporting of | length of the hole and is not usually the true |
| mineralisation | Exploration Results. |
width. When sufficient knowledge on the |
| widths and | If the geometry of the mineralisation | thickness of the intersection is known an |
| intercept | with respect to the drill hole angle is | estimate of the true thickness is provided in the |
| lengths | known, its nature should be reported. | Attachment. |
| If it is not known and only the down | The known geometry of the mineralisation with | |
| hole lengths are reported, there | respect to the drill holes reported in this report | |
| should be a clear statement to this | is not well constrained at this stage given the | |
| effect (eg ‘down hole length, true | variable orientation of ore shoots historically | |
| _width not known’). _ | mined at MorningStar. | |
| Diagrams | Appropriate maps and sections (with | Drillhole plan and sectional views of Morning |
| scales) and tabulations of intercepts | Star/Black Cat South pits have been provided | |
| should be included for any significant | previously. Drilling into the Eddie Carson Lode | |
| discovery being reported These should | is still too broadly spaced to create any |
|
| include, but not be limited to a plan | meaningful interpretations/sections at this | |
| view of drill hole collar locations and | stage, hence true widths can’t be determined. | |
| appropriate sectional views. | Given the interpreted steep dips of the | |
| mineralisation at Morning Star the long | ||
| sectional view presentation is currently | ||
| considered the best 2‐D representation of the | ||
| known spatial extent of the mineralization | ||
| intersected to date. | ||
| Balanced | Where comprehensive reporting of all | All drill holes completed to date are reported in |
| reporting | Exploration Results is not practicable, | this report and all material intersections as |
| representative reporting of both low | defined) are reported. | |
| and high grades and/or widths should | ||
| be practiced to avoid misleading | ||
| reporting of Exploration Results. | ||
| Other | Other exploration data, if meaningful | No other exploration data that has been |
| substantive | and material, should be reported | collected is considered meaningful and material |
| exploration | including (but not limited to): | to this report. |
| data | geological observations; geophysical | |
| survey results; geochemical survey | ||
| results; bulk samples – size and | ||
| method of treatment; metallurgical | ||
| test results; bulk density, | ||
| groundwater, geotechnical and rock | ||
| characteristics; potential deleterious | ||
| or contaminating substances. | ||
| Further work | The nature and scale of planned | Future exploration includes infill RC and further |
| further work (eg tests for lateral | step out drilling below and along strike of the | |
| extensions or depth extensions or | reported intersections at Morning Star, Black | |
| large‐scale step‐out drilling). | Cat South and Eddie Carson to better define the | |
| Diagrams clearly highlighting the | extent of the mineralization discovered to date. | |
| areas of possible extensions, including | Deep exploratory diamond drilling into the |
|
| the main geological interpretations | Morning Star Deeps is also scheduled for the | |
| and future drilling areas, provided this | March quarter 2017. |
|
| information is not commercially | ||
| sensitive. |
28
Appendix A – JORC Table 1 Criteria Vivien Gold Deposit
Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Sampling | Nature and quality of sampling (e.g. | The deposit was sampled using surface Reverse |
| techniques | cut channels, random chips, or | Circulation (RC) and diamond drill holes (DD) on |
| specific specialised industry standard | a nominal 25m x 25m grid spacing. Drilling | |
| measurement tools appropriate to the | comprises of campaigns by a number of | |
| minerals under investigation, such as | companies: Asarco Australia Ltd, Wiluna Mines | |
| down hole gamma sondes, or | Ltd, Australian Gold Fields, Agnew Gold Mining | |
| handheld XRF instruments, etc). | Company (AGMC) and Ramelius Resources Ltd | |
| These examples should not be taken | (RMS). Holes were generally angled towards | |
| as limiting the broad meaning of | grid west at varying angles to optimally intersect | |
| sampling. | the mineralised zones. 24 new NQ diamond | |
| Include reference to measures taken | holes were drilled from available UG positions | |
| to ensure sample representivity and | and 614 development ore faces sampled | |
| the appropriate calibration of any | All sampling by conventional gold industry | |
| measurement tools or systems used. | drilling methods. | |
| Aspects of the determination of | Diamond core was NQ size sampled on | |
| mineralisation that are Material to the | geological intervals (0.3 m to 1.5 m); cut into half | |
| Public Report. | core to give sample weights under 3 kg. | |
| In cases where ‘industry standard’ | Samples were crushed, dried and pulverised | |
| work has been done this would be | (total prep) to produce a sub sample for analysis | |
| relatively simple (e.g. ‘reverse | by 1kg 100µm Screen Fire Assay (SFA) or 50 g | |
| circulation drilling was used to obtain | Fire Assay (FA) for sample outside the | |
| 1 m samples from which 3 kg was | mineralised zone. Previous drilling programmes | |
| pulverised to produce a 30 g charge | used FA or SFA analytical techniques. RC | |
| for fire assay’). In other cases more | drilling was used to obtain 1m samples from | |
| explanation may be required, such as | which 2-3 kg was pulverised (total prep) to | |
| where there is coarse gold that has | produce a sub sample for assaying by 50 g FA. | |
| inherent sampling problems. Unusual | Face sampling involved collecting representative | |
| commodities or mineralisation types | chips sample from geologically defined 0.2-2.0m | |
| (e.g. submarine nodules) may warrant | wide intervals across the face, including wallrock |
|
| disclosure of detailed information. | zones. Duplicate samples are frequently | |
| collected from highgrade sulphidic lode zones | ||
| Drilling | Drill type (e.g. core, reverse | Surface drillholes comprise 70 RC and 170 |
| techniques | circulation, open-hole hammer, rotary | Diamond holes. Diamond holes are NQ size and |
| air blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) | normally have RC precollars. Approximately | |
| and details (e.g. core diameter, triple | 80% of drilling was done post 2002 and deeper | |
| or standard tube, depth of diamond | holes are mostly Diamond (12 by Ramelius) in | |
| tails, face-sampling bit or other type, | 2013. | |
| whether core is oriented and if so, by | 24 UG NQ core holes were completed in 2016 | |
| _what method, etc). _ | ||
| Drill sample | Method of recording and assessing | RMS Diamond core recoveries were recorded |
| recovery | core and chip sample recoveries and | during core logging. Diamond drilling is close to |
| results assessed. | 100% | |
| Measures taken to maximise sample | Diamond core is used in preference to test the | |
| recovery and ensure representative | narrow vein and ensure a true representation of | |
| nature of the samples. | vein width. | |
| Whether a relationship exists between | No indication of sample bias is evident or has |
|
| sample recovery and grade and | been established | |
| whether sample bias may have | ||
| occurred due to preferential loss/gain | ||
| of fine/coarse material. | ||
| Logging | Whether core and chip samples have | All drillholes are geologically logged on site by |
| been geologically and geotechnically | RMS geologists. Details on the host lithologies, | |
| logged to a level of detail to support | deformation, dominant minerals including | |
| appropriate Mineral Resource | sulphide species and alteration minerals plus | |
| estimation, mining studies and | veiningare recorded relationally (separately). |
29
| metallurgical studies. | Drillhole logging of RC chips is qualitative on | |
|---|---|---|
| Whether logging is qualitative or | visual recordings of rock forming minerals and | |
| quantitative in nature. Core (or | estimates of mineral abundance. | |
| costean, channel, etc) photography. | The entire length of drillholes are geologically | |
| The total length and percentage of the | logged | |
| relevant intersections logged. | Development faces are mapped and | |
| photographed providing an absolute definition of | ||
| lode width | ||
| Sub- | If core, whether cut or sawn and | RMS DD core was sawn and half core sampled |
| sampling | whether quarter, half or all core taken. | to 1m or geologically determined boundaries |
| techniques | If non-core, whether riffled, tube | (min 0.3m). All earlier DD drilling was by same |
| and sample | sampled, rotary split, etc and whether | method. Earlier RC samples and pre-collars |
| preparation | sampled wet or dry. | were sampled at 1m intervals and riffle split to |
| For all sample types, the nature, | 3kg. UG DD core samples were whole core | |
| quality and appropriateness of the | sampled or sawn & half core sampled | |
| sample preparation technique. | All samples prepared following industry best | |
| Quality control procedures adopted for | practise. Samples were dried then homogenised | |
| all sub-sampling stages to maximise | by pulverisation to 85% passing 75µm before | |
| representivity of samples. | sub-sampling and assay. Sample preparation | |
| Measures taken to ensure that the | and assay was carried out by commercial Perth | |
| sampling is representative of the in | or Kalgoorlie based laboratories. Earlier | |
| situ material collected, including for instance results for field |
sampling was conducted using similar techniques which are considered appropriate for |
|
| duplicate/second-half sampling. | the style of mineralisation. | |
| Whether sample sizes are appropriate | The sample sizes are considered appropriate to | |
| to the grain size of the material being | represent Vivien mineralisation. | |
| _sampled. _ | ||
| Quality of | The nature, quality and | Assays have been generated using Fire Assay |
| assay data | appropriateness of the assaying and | techniques and in some earlier drilling Screen |
| and | laboratory procedures used and | Fire Assay. The assay method is appropriate |
| laboratory | whether the technique is considered | and Vivien ore is not especially nuggetty. All |
| tests | partial or total. | jobs are accompanied by regular pulp standards |
| For geophysical tools, spectrometers, | No field analyses of gold grades are completed. | |
| handheld XRF instruments, etc, the | Quantitative analysis of the gold content and | |
| parameters used in determining the | trace elements is undertaken in a controlled | |
| analysis including instrument make | laboratory environment. | |
| and model, reading times, calibrations | Industry best practice is employed with the | |
| factors applied and their derivation, | inclusion of duplicates and standards as | |
| etc. | discussed above, and used by Ramelius as well | |
| Nature of quality control procedures | as the laboratory. All Ramelius standards and | |
| adopted (e.g. standards, blanks, | blanks are interrogated to ensure they lie within | |
| duplicates, external laboratory checks) | acceptable tolerances. | |
| and whether acceptable levels of | ||
| accuracy (i.e. lack of bias) and | ||
| _precision have been established. _ | ||
| Verification | The verification of significant | Alternative Ramelius personnel have inspected |
| of sampling | intersections by either independent or | the RC chips in the field to verify the correlation |
| and | alternative company personnel. | of mineralised zones between assay results and |
| assaying | The use of twinned holes. | lithology, alteration and mineralisation. |
| Documentation of primary data, data | All holes are digitally logged in the field and all | |
| entry procedures, data verification, | primary data is forwarded to Ramelius’ | |
| data storage (physical and electronic) | Database Administrator (DBA) in Perth where it | |
| protocols. | is imported into Datashed. Assay data is | |
| Discuss any adjustment to assay data. | electronically merged when received from the | |
| laboratory. The responsible project geologist | ||
| reviews the data in the database to ensure that it | ||
| is correct and has merged properly and that all | ||
| the drill data collected in the field has been | ||
| captured and entered into the database | ||
| correctly. |
30
| The responsible geologist makes the DBA | ||
|---|---|---|
| aware of any errors and/or omissions to the | ||
| database and the corrections (if required) are | ||
| applied in the database immediately. | ||
| No adjustments or calibrations are made to any | ||
| of the assaydata recorded in the database. | ||
| Location of | Accuracy and quality of surveys used | Hole collars are picked up using accurate DGPS |
| data points | to locate drill holes (collar and down- | survey control. All downhole surveys are |
| hole surveys), trenches, mine | collected using downhole Gyro or digital | |
| workings and other locations used in | magnetic surveying techniques provided by the | |
| Mineral Resource estimation. | drilling contractors. | |
| Specification of the grid system used. | All holes are picked up in MGA94 – Zone 51 grid | |
| Quality and adequacy of topographic | coordinates. | |
| control. | Topographic control is of high quality and | |
| adequate accuracy. | ||
| UG Face samples are located orthogonal to | ||
| surveyed UG development drives. The start | ||
| point of each face is measured from a known | ||
| survey point. | ||
| Data spacing | Data spacing for reporting of |
Drillholes were planned on a nominal 25m |
| and | Exploration Results. | (northing) sections and 10 – 30m eastings to |
| distribution | Whether the data spacing and | adequately cover the core mineralised zones. |
| distribution is sufficient to establish the | Drill locations however are partly restricted by |
|
| degree of geological and grade | the existing pit and UG development. | |
| continuity appropriate for the Mineral | UG face sample traverses are spaced at 3m | |
| Resource and Ore Reserve estimation | intervals along 20m vertical development levels |
|
| procedure(s) and classifications | This spacing is considered adequate to define | |
| applied. | the geological and grade continuity of | |
| Whether sample compositing has | mineralisation | |
| been applied. | The UG drilling is fans of holes from available | |
| locations. The fans are designed to intercept the | ||
| vein as orthogonally as possible | ||
| No sampling compositing has been applied | ||
| within keymineralised intervals | ||
| Orientation | Whether the orientation of sampling | The drilling is generally drilled orthogonal to the |
| of data in | achieves unbiased sampling of | interpreted strike of the target horizon. However, |
| relation to | possible structures and the extent to | a number of holes have varied directions. |
| geological | which this is known, considering the | No drilling orientation and/or sampling bias is |
| structure | deposit type. | evident |
| If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the orientation of key |
Vivien uses MGA94 (Zone 51). Data transformed to local north-south grid for |
|
| mineralised structures is considered to | resource modelling. Accuracy of drill hole |
|
| have introduced a sampling bias, this | collars, open-pit and topographic features is +/- | |
| should be assessed and reported if | 1m. A topographic model is available for the site | |
| material. | with +/-1m accuracy. | |
| Sample | The measures taken to ensure sample | All bagged RC / DDH / Face samples are |
| security | security. | delivered from the field to the assay laboratories |
| in Perth and Kalgoorlie, whereupon the | ||
| laboratory checks the physically received | ||
| samples against Ramelius’ sample | ||
| submission/dispatch notes and confirmations | ||
| sent. | ||
| Audits or | The results of any audits or reviews of | Sampling techniques and procedures are |
| reviews | sampling techniques and data. | reviewed prior to the commencement of new |
| work programmes to ensure adequate | ||
| procedures are in place to maximise the sample | ||
| collection and sample quality on new projects. | ||
| No external audits have been completed to date. |
31
Section 2 Reporting of Exploration Results
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Mineral | Type, reference name/number, | The results presented in this report are on |
| tenement | location and ownership including | granted Mining Lease (ML) 36/34 owned 100% |
| and land | agreements or material issues with | by Ramelius Resources Limited. The tenement |
| tenure status | third parties such as joint ventures, | is located on pastoral/grazing leases. |
| partnerships, overriding royalties, | At this time all the tenements are in good | |
| native title interests, historical sites, | standing. There are no known impediments to | |
| wilderness or national park and | obtaining a licence to operate in the area. | |
| environmental settings. | ||
| The security of the tenure held at the | ||
| time of reporting along with any known | ||
| impediments to obtaining a licence to | ||
| _operate inthe area. _ | ||
| Exploration | Acknowledgment and appraisal of | Exploration by other parties has been reviewed |
| done by | exploration by other parties. | and is used as a guide to Ramelius’ exploration |
| other parties | activities. Previous parties have completed | |
| shallow RAB, RC drilling and shallow open pit | ||
| miningat Vivien. | ||
| Geology | Deposit type, geological setting and | The mineralisation at Vivien is a typical orogenic |
| style of mineralisation. | structually controlled Archaean gold lode | |
| system. It is a steeply dipping narrow quartz vein | ||
| hosted within a dolerite/gabbro unit. It has strong | ||
| geological continuity and is well understood from | ||
| diamond drill core and historic mining and | ||
| investigation. Mineralisation is related to a | ||
| secondary phase of quartz veining with | ||
| associated sulphide mineralisation. Vein width | ||
| may relate to flexures in the lode and current | ||
| interpretation is that several higher grade shoots | ||
| plunge shallowly to the NE within the overall | ||
| lode. | ||
| Heterogeneity work by Snowden consultants | ||
| found that coarse gold (>100µm) was readily | ||
| identifiable in polished thin sections and usually | ||
| less than 300µm. Coarse grained visible gold is | ||
| often associated with the presence of pyrrhotite | ||
| and arsenopyrite. | ||
| The deposit is sub-vertical in geometry, with | ||
| clear boundaries which define the mineralised | ||
| domains. Infill drilling has supported and refined | ||
| the model and the current interpretation is thus | ||
| considered to be robust. | ||
| The position and continuity of the Vivien quartz | ||
| vein has been used as the primary interpretation | ||
| factor defined by grade data and geological logs. | ||
| Variography was used to determine the plunge | ||
| of the high grade shoots within the vein | ||
| mineralisation. | ||
| The main factors affecting continuity are the | ||
| position, shape and thickness of the main quartz | ||
| vein. | ||
| Drill hole | A summary of all information material | All the drill holes reported in recent releases |
| Information | to the understanding of the | have been included the following information. |
| exploration results including a tabulation of the following information |
All drillholes reported, including those with no significant results. |
|
| for all Material drill holes: | Easting and northing in MGA94 (Zone 51) | |
o easting and northing of the drill |
coordinates | |
| hole collar | RL is AHD |
32
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
o elevation or RL (Reduced Level – |
Dip is the inclination of the hole from the | |
| elevation above sea level in | horizontal. Azimuth is reported in magnetic | |
| metres) of the drill hole collar | degrees as the direction the hole is drilled. | |
o dip and azimuth of the hole |
MGA94 and magnetic degrees vary by ≈1°in the | |
o down hole length and interception |
project area | |
| depth | Down hole length is the distance measured | |
o hole length. |
along the drill hole trace. Intersection length is | |
| If the exclusion of this information is | the thickness of an anomalous gold intersection | |
| justified on the basis that the | measured along the drill hole trace. | |
| information is not Material and this | Hole length is the measured distance along the | |
| exclusion does not detract from the | drill hole trace. | |
| understanding of the report, the | No information is excluded | |
| Competent Person should clearly | ||
| _explain why this is the case. _ | ||
| Data | In reporting Exploration Results, | Weighted average techniques are applied to |
| aggregation | weighting averaging techniques, | determine the grade of the anomalous interval |
| methods | maximum and/or minimum grade | when geological intervals less than 1m have |
| truncations (e.g. cutting of high | been sampled. | |
| grades) and cut-off grades are usually | Gold intersections are generally reported for the |
|
| Material and should be stated. | width of the geologically defined quartz-lode | |
| Where aggregate intercepts | intercept. This often includes sub-grade material | |
| incorporate short lengths of high | within the lode | |
| grade results and longer lengths of | No metal equivalent reporting is used or | |
| low grade results, the procedure used | required. | |
| for such aggregation should be stated | ||
| and some typical examples of such | ||
| aggregations should be shown in | ||
| detail. | ||
| The assumptions used for any | ||
| reporting of metal equivalent values | ||
| _should be clearly stated. _ | ||
| Relationship | These relationships are particularly | The intersection length is measured down the |
| between | important in the reporting of | length of the hole and is not usually the true |
| mineralisatio | Exploration Results. | width |
| n widths and | If the geometry of the mineralisation |
True widths are variable given the varied drill |
| intercept | with respect to the drill hole angle is | angles. For the majority of intercepts true widths |
| lengths | known, its nature should be reported. | are around 60-80% of reported intervals. |
| If it is not known and only the down | ||
| hole lengths are reported, there | ||
| should be a clear statement to this | ||
| effect (e.g. ‘down hole length, true | ||
| _width not known’). _ | ||
| Diagrams | Appropriate maps and sections (with | Representative maps and sections are shown |
| scales) and tabulations of intercepts | attached | |
| should be included for any significant | ||
| discovery being reported These | ||
| should include, but not be limited to a | ||
| plan view of drill hole collar locations | ||
| _and appropriate sectional views. _ | ||
| Balanced | Where comprehensive reporting of all | All drillhole intercepts completed by RMS were |
| reporting | Exploration Results is not practicable, | reported in previous ASX releases in 2016 |
| representative reporting of both low and high grades and/or widths should |
||
| be practiced to avoid misleading | ||
| _reporting of Exploration Results. _ | ||
| Other | Other exploration data, if meaningful | No other exploration data that has been |
| substantive | and material, should be reported | collected is considered meaningful and material |
| _including (but not limited to): _ | to this report |
33
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| exploration | geological observations; geophysical | |
| data | survey results; geochemical survey | |
| results; bulk samples – size and | ||
| method of treatment; metallurgical test | ||
| results; bulk density, groundwater, | ||
| geotechnical and rock characteristics; | ||
| potential deleterious or contaminating | ||
| _substances. _ | ||
| Further work | The nature and scale of planned |
Future exploration includes further step out |
| further work (e.g. tests for lateral | drilling below and along strike of the reported | |
| extensions or depth extensions or | intersections at Vivien to better define the extent | |
| large-scale step-out drilling). | of the mineralisation discovered to date. | |
| Diagrams clearly highlighting the | Further drilling will be from UG development. | |
| areas of possible extensions, | Ongoing face samples will be collected as | |
| including the main geological | development of ore drives progresses. | |
| interpretations and future drilling | ||
| areas, provided this information is not | ||
| _commercially sensitive. _ |
Section 3 Estimation and Reporting of Mineral Resources
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Database | Measures taken to ensure that data | RMS employs an SQL central database using |
| integrity | has not been corrupted by, for | Datashed information management software. |
| example, transcription or keying | User access to the database is regulated by | |
| errors, between its initial collection | specific user permissions. Only specific users | |
| and its use for Mineral Resource | can overwrite data. Data collection uses Field | |
| estimation purposes. | Marshall software with fixed templates and | |
| Data validation procedures used. | lookup tables for collecting field data | |
| electronically. A number of validation checks | ||
| occur upon data upload to the main database. | ||
| Older data appears to have used similar | ||
| methods but cannot be fullyvalidated. | ||
| Site visits | Comment on any site visits | The Competent Person is a full time employee |
| undertaken by the Competent Person and the outcome of those visits. |
of Ramelius Resources and has made frequent site visits to Vivien. |
|
| If no site visits have been undertaken | ||
| indicate why this is the case. | ||
| Geological | Confidence in (or conversely, the | Confidence in the geological interpretation is |
| interpretation | uncertainty of) the geological | high and has been confirmed by detailed |
| interpretation of the mineral deposit. | mapping and exposure in via underground | |
| Nature of the data used and of any | mining | |
| assumptions made. | Data used includes drilling assays & logging | |
| The effect, if any, of alternative | from broader spaced exploration/resource | |
| interpretations on Mineral Resource | drilling and high density UG face sampling | |
| estimation. | No alternate interpretation required | |
| The use of geology in guiding and | Geology forms a significant component in the | |
| controlling Mineral Resource | Mineral Resource modelling & estimation. | |
| estimation. | ||
| The factors affecting continuity both | ||
| of grade and geology. | ||
| Dimensions | The extent and variability of the | Narrow vein/lode style. Strike NNE (026°), dip |
| Mineral Resource expressed as | at 70-80° to ESE. Average lode width |
34
| length (along strike or otherwise), | approximately 2.5 m, mostly ranging between | |
|---|---|---|
| plan width, and depth below surface | 1- 6m. Established strike length of 600m and | |
| to the upper and lower limits of the | down-dip extent of 400m. | |
| Mineral Resource. | ||
| Estimation | The nature and appropriateness of | The geological interpretation of the lode |
| and modelling | the estimation technique(s) applied |
equates to the estimation domain. A |
| techniques | and key assumptions, including | comparison of the resource model wireframes |
| treatment of extreme grade values, | to the block model volume is completed as part | |
| domaining, interpolation parameters | of the validation process. | |
| and maximum distance of | Grade within the domain is estimated by | |
| extrapolation from data points. If a | geological software using Inverse Distance | |
| computer assisted estimation method | Squared and Ordinary Kriging methods within |
|
| was chosen include a description of | hard bounded domains. Final grade is the | |
| computer software and parameters | topcut OK estimate. The ID² estimate is used to | |
| used. | validate the OK grade. | |
| The availability of check estimates, | Only gold is estimated | |
| previous estimates and/or mine | No deleterious elements present | |
| production records and whether the | Parent cell of 6.25mN x 5mE x 5mRL with sub- | |
| Mineral Resource estimate takes | cells to minimum of 3.125mN x 1mE x 1mRL | |
| appropriate account of such data. | ratio. Parent cell estimation only. The sub-cell | |
| The assumptions made regarding | size is small to allow for narrow sections of the | |
| recovery of by-products. | lode to be defined. | |
| Estimation of deleterious elements or | Domains are geostatistically analysed and | |
| other non-grade variables of | assigned appropriate search directions, top- | |
| economic significance (e.g. sulphur | cuts and estimation parameters. The search is | |
| for acid mine drainage | aligned with the observed geological strike and | |
| characterisation). | dip of the lode. The variography study helps | |
| In the case of block model | determine plunge within the lode. | |
| interpolation, the block size in relation | Samples were composited within ore domains |
|
| to the average sample spacing and | to 1m lengths. | |
| the search employed. | Top cuts were applied to domains after review | |
| Any assumptions behind modelling of | of grade population characteristics. A cut of |
|
| selective mining units. | 90g/t was applied. No significant bias is | |
| Any assumptions about correlation | observed between the face samples and the | |
| between variables. | drill samples. | |
| Description of how the geological | Validation includes visual comparison against | |
| interpretation was used to control the | drillhole grades; swath plots of northing and | |
| resource estimates. | elevation comparisons; and comparative | |
| Discussion of basis for using or not | statistics of composites against block model | |
| using grade cutting or capping. | grades. | |
| The process of validation, the | ||
| checking process used, the | ||
| comparison of model data to drill hole | ||
| data, and use of reconciliation data if | ||
| available. | ||
| Moisture | Whether the tonnages are estimated | Tonnages are estimated on a dry basis |
| on a dry basis or with natural | ||
| moisture, and the method of | ||
| determination of the moisture content. | ||
| Cut-off | The basis of the adopted cut-off | All lode material within longsectionally defined |
| parameters | grade(s) or quality parameters | category/grade areas is reported including |
| applied. | minor internal low-grade zones. | |
| Mining factors | Assumptions made regarding |
Resources are reported on the assumption of |
| or | possible mining methods, minimum | mining by conventional underground mining |
| assumptions | mining dimensions and internal (or, if | methods. Block size and estimation |
| applicable, external) mining dilution. It is always necessary as part of the |
methodology were selected to generate a model appropriate for current underground sub- |
|
| process of determining reasonable | level open stope mining practices at Vivien. |
35
| prospects for eventual economic | Productivity and economics are dependent on a | |
|---|---|---|
| extraction to consider potential mining | minimum mining width of around 2.5m (stope) |
|
| methods, but the assumptions made | and 4.5m (development). | |
| regarding mining methods and | ||
| parameters when estimating Mineral | ||
| Resources may not always be | ||
| rigorous. Where this is the case, this | ||
| should be reported with an | ||
| explanation of the basis of the mining | ||
| assumptions made. | ||
| Metallurgical | The basis for assumptions or | A number of metallurgical tests have been |
| factors or | predictions regarding metallurgical | previously carried out and show the deposit is |
| assumptions | amenability. It is always necessary as | free milling, has high gravity recovery (+50%) |
| part of the process of determining | and high overall recovery (95%). | |
| reasonable prospects for eventual | Attributed mill recovery to date is 96.9% | |
| economic extraction to consider | ||
| potential metallurgical methods, but | ||
| the assumptions regarding | ||
| metallurgical treatment processes | ||
| and parameters made when reporting | ||
| Mineral Resources may not always | ||
| be rigorous. Where this is the case, | ||
| this should be reported with an | ||
| explanation of the basis of the | ||
| metallurgical assumptions made. | ||
| Environmental | Assumptions made regarding |
All Mining Approvals and permitting are in |
| factors or | possible waste and process residue | place. |
| assumptions | disposal options. It is always | Dewatering will be by pipeline to Gold Fields |
| necessary as part of the process of determining reasonable prospects for |
Agnew mill, 8km away. | |
| eventual economic extraction to | ||
| consider the potential environmental | ||
| impacts of the mining and processing | ||
| operation. While at this stage the | ||
| determination of potential | ||
| environmental impacts, particularly | ||
| for a greenfields project, may not | ||
| always be well advanced, the status | ||
| of early consideration of these | ||
| potential environmental impacts | ||
| should be reported. Where these | ||
| aspects have not been considered | ||
| this should be reported with an | ||
| explanation of the environmental | ||
| assumptions made. | ||
| Bulk density | Whether assumed or determined. If | Gold Fields undertook numerous air/water |
| assumed, the basis for the | density measurements from core samples. | |
| assumptions. If determined, the | Density assignment for the 2007 resource by | |
| method used, whether wet or dry, the | Gold Fields included a variable ore density | |
| frequency of the measurements, the | based on grade, with density ranging from 2.61 | |
| nature, size and representativeness | to 2.91. This reflects the relationship between | |
| of the samples. | higher grade samples containing more | |
| The bulk density for bulk material | sulphides therefore a greater specific gravity. | |
| must have been measured by | In the most recent model densities of 2.80 to | |
| methods that adequately account for | 3.20 were assigned based on grade ranges to | |
| void spaces (vugs, porosity, etc), | reflect higher sulphide contents and tonnage | |
| moisture and differences between | reconciliations seen in recent mining. | |
| rock and alteration zones within the | Density values for weathered rocktypes are | |
| deposit. | assumed,however this material is a relatively |
36
| Discuss assumptions for bulk density | minor component of the resource. | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| estimates used in the evaluation | |||
| process of the different materials. | |||
| Classification | The basis for the classification of the | | The resource has been classified as Indicated |
| Mineral Resources into varying | or Inferred category’s based on geological | ||
| confidence categories. | continuity, drillhole spacing, search pass and | ||
| Whether appropriate account has | kriging variance. The resource is classified as | ||
| been taken of all relevant factors (ie | Measured within the recently mined and face | ||
| relative confidence in tonnage/grade | sampled areas. | ||
| estimations, reliability of input data, | | The resource classification accounts for all | |
| confidence in continuity of geology | relevant factors | ||
| and metal values, quality, quantity | | The classification reflects the Competent | |
| and distribution of the data). | Person’s view | ||
| Whether the result appropriately | |||
| reflects the Competent Person’s view | |||
| of the deposit. | |||
| Audits or | The results of any audits or reviews | | The Ramelius 2014 Vivien Resource was |
| reviews | of Mineral Resource estimates. | reviewed by Optiro Pty Ltd. No fatal flaws were | |
| identified in the technical review of the data | |||
| quality, interpretation approach and estimation | |||
| /classification process of the Resource | |||
| estimate. | |||
| | The latest model was not audited. | ||
| Discussion of | Where appropriate a statement of the | |
The accuracy and confidence in the Resource |
| relative | relative accuracy and confidence | is very high given the deposit style, quality of | |
| accuracy/ | level in the Mineral Resource | drilling and sampling, both historic and new and | |
| confidence | estimate using an approach or | recent mining experience and reconciliations. | |
| procedure deemed appropriate by the Competent Person. For example, the |
|
Comparison of recent mining data shows a good reconciliation with the Resource model. |
|
| application of statistical or | |||
| geostatistical procedures to quantify | |||
| the relative accuracy of the resource | |||
| within stated confidence limits, or, if | |||
| such an approach is not deemed | |||
| appropriate, a qualitative discussion | |||
| of the factors that could affect the | |||
| relative accuracy and confidence of | |||
| the estimate. | |||
| The statement should specify | |||
| whether it relates to global or local | |||
| estimates, and, if local, state the | |||
| relevant tonnages, which should be | |||
| relevant to technical and economic | |||
| evaluation. Documentation should | |||
| include assumptions made and the | |||
| procedures used. | |||
| These statements of relative | |||
| accuracy and confidence of the | |||
| estimate should be compared with | |||
| production data, where available. |
37