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Lara Exploration Ltd. — Management Reports 2025
Aug 26, 2025
45580_rns_2025-08-26_ef9f30be-4ef3-4690-baaf-49cda407c216.pdf
Management Reports
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Lara exploration
LARA EXPLORATION LTD.
(An Exploration Stage Company)
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2025
(Expressed in Canadian dollars)
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GENERAL
This discussion and analysis of the financial position and results of operations is prepared as at August 22, 2025, and should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated interim financial statements of Lara Exploration Ltd. (the "Company", "Lara", or "we") for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, and the related notes thereto.
The Company prepares its financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB") and interpretations of the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee ("IFRIC"). All dollar amounts included therein and in the following management's discussion and analysis ("MD&A") are in Canadian dollars except where noted. These documents and other information relevant to the Company's activities are available for viewing on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca.
FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This MD&A may contain "forward-looking statements" that reflect the Company's current expectations and projections about its future results. When used in this MD&A, words such as "estimate", "intend", "expect", "anticipate," and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, which, by their very nature, are not guarantees of the Company's future operational or financial performance, and are subject to risks and uncertainties and other factors that could cause Lara's actual results, performance, prospects or opportunities to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements. These risks, uncertainties, and factors may include but are not limited to unavailability of financing, failure to identify commercially viable mineral reserves, fluctuations in market prices for commodities, difficulties in obtaining required approvals or permits for the development of a mineral project and other factors.
Lara's operating plan is dependent in part on its joint venture partners being able to make option payments and fund exploration activities on some of the properties that Lara holds. The operating plan is also dependent on being able to raise new equity funds and sell investments as required to raise enough capital to acquire and explore new properties. Other factors that affect Lara's operating plan are commodity prices, gaining access to exploration properties by securing or renewing licenses, and concluding agreements with local communities. If any of these factors impact the Company in a negative way, such as joint venture partners being unable to raise enough capital to complete option agreements or if the Company is unable to raise enough capital of its own, there will be a significant impact on the Company's operating plan and any forward-looking statements contained herein.
Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this MD&A or the date otherwise specifically indicated herein. Due to risks and uncertainties, including the risks and uncertainties identified above and elsewhere in this MD&A, actual events may differ materially from current expectations. The Company disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether because of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by securities law.
COMPANY OVERVIEW
Lara is a prospect and royalty generator with a strategy to seek exploration discoveries and create royalty interests in South America, aiming to fund a significant portion of its mineral exploration costs through joint ventures and partnership agreements. This approach significantly reduces the technical and financial risk for the Company without losing exposure to the value enhancement of a significant discovery, which we now have at the Planalto Copper-Gold Project in Brazil, where exploration drilling was completed by a partner, but the project is now owned 100% by Lara.
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COMPANY HIGHLIGHT FOR THE QUARTER
During the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company continued work on scoping studies for the Planalto Copper-Gold Project with the goal to publish a Preliminary Economic Assessment in H2-2025.
EXPLORATION REVIEW
In Brazil, Lara has generated and participates in three copper-gold discoveries in the Carajás Mineral Province of northern Brazil, at Liberdade, Planalto, and Celesta. The Liberdade discovery remains in a legal dispute between our partner, the National Copper Corporation of Chile ("Codelco"), and the Brazilian Agency of Mines ("ANM"), but we received a favourable ruling from the lower courts in 2022. Planalto is being more actively developed, with over 26,000m of diamond drilling and mineral resource estimates completed and a Preliminary Economic Assessment being prepared. Celesta was producing until Q3 2022 and paid royalties until Q2 2022, but struggled with a lack of working capital, and operations were suspended pending the restructuring of ownership and raising of new finance. Our partner in the project, Tessarema, completed additional diamond drilling, reinstated permits and resumed operations in October 2024.
In Peru, our efforts are focused on three projects: the Kenita Lead-Zinc-Silver Project, for which we are looking for new partners to fund drilling; the Picha Copper Project, being advanced by Firetail Resources (with support from BHP), where we retain a 1-2% net smelter return ("NSR") royalty; and the Alli Allpa (Mantaro) Phosphate Project, where we have now raised our interest to 70% by funding technical studies and community engagement through our local operating company, Fosfatos Alli Allpa.
In Chile, Lara holds a minority interest and a royalty in Bifox Ltd., which has resumed production of direct application phosphate at Bahia Inglesa in northern Chile. The company is seeking financing to increase phosphate production, acquire additional projects, and complete an ASX listing.
OUTLOOK
The Company's focus in 2025 is advancing our 100% owned Planalto Copper Project in Brazil. Dr. Simon Ingram, appointed President and CEO in January 2024, is leading that process. The maiden resource estimate has been completed, the technical report made available on Sedar+ (www.sedarplus.ca) and the Company's website (www.laraexploration.com), and the Preliminary Economic Assessment studies are expected to be completed in H2 2025. The Company has engaged Bello Horizonte based environmental management consultants, CLAM, to undertake multidisciplinary environmental studies at the Planalto project, with the objective of completing an Environmental Impact Study and delivering an Environmental Impact Report for a potential open pit mining operation at Planalto. The study will encompass two field seasons, wet and dry, and report delivery is scheduled for Q2 2026. An Environmental Impact Report will support a future environmental Preliminary License (LP) application for a potential mining operation at Planalto with the Environmental Agency of the State of Pará (SEMAS).
BRAZIL EXPLORATION
Planalto Copper-Gold Project
The Planalto Project comprises a 3,866-hectare block of exploration licenses, located between Vale's Sossego copper mine and Cristalino development project and BHP's Antas and Pedra Branca copper mines in the Carajás Mineral Province of northern Brazil. To date, 26,016 metres of diamond drilling have been completed on the project, joining the two original discoveries, Homestead and Cupuzeiro, into a single body of mineralization extending over 1,500m from north to south and ranging from 200m to 500m in width from east to west.
In 2024, the Company completed an initial resource estimate for the project. GE21 Consultoria Mineral Ltda. ("GE21"), an independent mining and geological consulting company, estimated the Mineral Resources for the Planalto Project as summarized in Table 1. Indicated Resources are estimated to be 47.7 million tonnes (Mt) at an
average grade of $0.53\%$ copper and 0.06 grams per tonne gold, or $0.56\%$ copper-equivalent, containing 253 thousand tonnes (0.56 billion pounds) Cu or 267 thousand tonnes (0.59 billion pounds) CuEq. Inferred Resources are estimated to be 154 Mt at an average grade of $0.36\%$ Cu and $0.04\mathrm{g / t}$ Au, or $0.38\%$ CuEq, containing 549 thousand tonnes (1.2 billion pounds) Cu or 585 thousand tonnes (1.3 billion pounds) CuEq. The Mineral Resources contain a shallow-dipping, higher-grade Main Mineralization domain, surrounded by a lower-grade Host Rock Mineralization domain, constrained within an open pit shell representing a reasonable prospect of eventual economic extraction (RPEE). The 43-101 Technical Report on a Mineral Resources Estimate for the Planalto Project, Canña dos Carajás, Pará, Brazil, September 2024 (the "Technical Report") is now available on SEDAR+ (www.sedarplus.ca) and the Company's website (www.laraexploration.com).
Table 1: Mineral Resource Statement as at July 3, 2024, for the Planalto Deposit
| Resource Category | Domain | Resource (Mt) | Cu grade (%) | Copper Equivalent (%) | Au grade (g/t) | Cu (Kt) | Cu (Mlbs) | Au (Koz) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicated | Main Mineralization | 47.7 | 0.53 | 0.56 | 0.06 | 253 | 557 | 92 |
| Host Rock Mineralization | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Total Indicated | 47.7 | 0.53 | 0.56 | 0.06 | 253 | 557 | 92 | |
| Inferred | Main Mineralization | 77.7 | 0.51 | 0.54 | 0.06 | 396 | 874 | 149.9 |
| Host Rock Mineralization | 76.3 | 0.2 | 0.22 | 0.03 | 153 | 336 | 73.6 | |
| Total Inferred | 154.0 | 0.36 | 0.38 | 0.04 | 549 | 1210 | 223.5 |
Notes related to the Mineral Resource Estimate:
- The Mineral Resource Estimate ("MRE") was restricted by a pit shell defined using metal prices of 10,000 US$/t Cu and 2,200 US$/oz Au, mining cost of 2.9 US$/t mined, processing and G&A cost of 11.50 US$/t processed. Process recovery of 88% Cu and 68% Au. Concentrate transport and selling costs of 208 US$/t concentrate. Commercial smelter terms, copper treatment and refining charges of 59.5 US$/t concentrate, 0.06 US$/t metal, and gold refining charge of 4.47 US$/Oz.
- Indicated and Inferred Resources are reported above a $0.16\%$ copper-equivalent cut off.
- Copper-equivalent grade ("CuEq") = Cu grade + ((Au Recovery x Au price x Payable Au) / (Cu Recovery x Cu price x Percentage Payable for Cu in NSR)) x Au grade, where: Payable Au = 90% and Percentage Payable for Cu in NSR = 83.7%.
- The MRE contains fresh rock domains only; the oxide mineralization is not reported.
- Grades reported using dry density.
- The MRE is within Planalto Mineração tenement areas.
- The MRE was estimated using ordinary kriging in 40m x 40m x 20m blocks with sub-blocks of 10m x 10m x 5m.
- The MRE was produced using Leapfrog Geo software.
- The MRE was prepared in accordance with the CIM Standards, and the CIM Guidelines, using geostatistical and/or classical methods, plus economic and mining parameters appropriate to the deposit.
- The effective date of the MRE is July 3rd, 2024.
- The QP responsible for the Mineral Resources Estimate is geologist Leonardo Soares (MAIG #5180).
- Mineral Resources are not ore reserves and are not demonstrably economically recoverable.
- The MRE numbers provided have been rounded to estimate relative precision. Values may not be added due to rounding.
Celesta Copper-Gold Project
The Celesta Copper-Gold Project comprises multiple high-grade iron oxide copper gold (IOCG) breccias and drilling on one of these, Osmar-1, defined an inferred resource of 2.14 million tonnes grading 4.2% copper and 0.66 parts per million ("ppm") gold (please refer to the Company's 43-101 Technical Report "Maravaia Copper-Gold Deposit, Carajás Mining District, Pará, Brazil" by João Batista G. Teixeira, dated September 28, 2016, and available on the Company's website and SEDAR+). Lara owns a 5% preferred interest in Celesta without the obligation to contribute to costs and a 2% royalty on any production. Mine development on Osmar-1 and plant construction were completed in 2020, and Celesta produced its first concentrates in July 2020. Drilling at a second breccia target outlined sulphide mineralization close to the surface (please see the Company's news release on February 2, 2021, for details), and the Celesta Pit-2 was developed and put into operation in 2021. However, the plant was unable to achieve the projected 500 tonnes per day throughput and operated at a loss during the construction of a second milling and flotation circuit to raise throughput to 800 tonnes per day. The mill expansion was completed in 2022, but the plant was put on care and maintenance in Q3 2022 due to a lack of working capital.
In early 2024, the partners signed agreements to restructure the ownership, with Tessarema Resources Inc. ("Tessarema") having the option to buy out North Extração de Minério Ltda. ("North"), fund new drilling and restart production. Drilling has since been undertaken on the Galpao target and within and proximal to the Osmar pit. In parallel, Tessarema refurbished the plant and upgraded the tailings dams to reinstate operating permits. In October, operations resumed with mining from the Osmar pit and processing ore and material from stockpiles.
The Company has been receiving modest royalty payments since January as production has resumed, and these are expected to increase in Q3-Q4 as pre-stripping is concluded and mining starts on the new Galpao pit. Tessarema has acquired a new SAG mill in China that is due to be delivered in October and installed by year end, raising production to 1,800 tonnes per day, from which point the Company anticipates both royalty payments to increase and the staged payment of outstanding debts.
PERU EXPLORATION
Alli Allpa Phosphate Project
The Alli Allpa Phosphate Project covers part of a substantial sedimentary phosphate deposit in the Junín Region of central Peru. The property is located near a major rail line connecting Huancayo with Lima and the port of Callao, with high-tension transmission lines crossing its western side, and is accessible from the national highway connecting Huancayo to Lima. Previous exploration, including trenching, drilling, and technical studies, identified an extensive zone of phosphate mineralization that is amenable to beneficiation and production of phosphate rock concentrate. Stonegate Agricom Ltd., subsequently acquired by Itafos Inc., filed an NI 43-101 Technical Report on SEDAR+ on March 16, 2010 ("Technical Report on the Mantaro Phosphate Deposit Junín District Peru" authored by Donald H. Hains and Michelle Stone, of Hains Technology Associates).
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The focus of the Company's efforts has been on community engagement and technical studies. We recovered and relogged the 53 diamond drill holes completed by Stonegate in 2009-2010 and recovered the data and results of process studies. The Company is planning some additional project work and is seeking a partner to fund the next steps.
Picha Copper Royalty
The Picha Copper Royalty covers a 3,800-hectare project in the Moquegua and Puno Departments of southern Peru. The core of the Picha project lies approximately 17km ENE of the Buenaventura's San Gabriel Au-Cu-Ag development project, which reports proven and probable reserves of 1.94Moz of gold. Other significant copper and precious metal projects in the district include Berenguela, Trapiche, Antilla and Pinaya. Lara holds a 2% NSR on any precious metals produced and a 1% NSR on base metals on licenses totalling 3,800 hectares. The Picha mineral rights are held by Australian-listed explorers Thunderbird Resources and Firetail Resources, with the latter completing a 5,000m diamond drill program on the main targets in 2024.
Picha Project is part of the BHP Xplor 2025 accelerator program and will benefit from a one-off, non-dilutive grant of up to US$500,000, and Firetail will receive in-kind services, mentorship, and networking opportunities with BHP and other industry experts and investors.
Lara Copper Project
The Lara Copper Project covers copper and molybdenum mineralization associated with porphyry intrusives within the prolific coastal batholith of southern Peru, where Lara currently holds a 45% ownership stake. Geophysical surveys, mapping, geochemical sampling and 9,850 metres of drilling have been completed to date, outlining mineralization over an area of approximately 2,000 metres by 1,000 metres, indicating the potential for a substantial mineralized porphyry copper body. In 2020, the Company and its partner Global Battery Metals Ltd. ("GBM") signed an Option and Royalty Agreement to sell the project for US$5.759 million and a 1.5% NSR royalty to Minsur S.A. ("Minsur"). Minsur operates the Mina Justa open-pit copper mine near Marcona, in the same district as the Lara project.
In 2024, Minsur secured access agreements with the local communities and undertook a program of detailed archaeological studies in 2025 as the first step in the permitting process for additional diamond drilling.
CHILE EXPLORATION
Bifox Phosphate Project
The Bifox Phosphate Project comprises a block of exploration licenses and the option to purchase mining rights in the Bahia Inglesa basin, near Copiapó in northern Chile. Bifox Limited ("Bifox") has completed agreements with the Chilean government (through the Consejo de Defensa del Estado) to settle outstanding environmental infractions and lift the embargo on mining and processing. Bifox has since reinstated its permits and resumed operations and is now seeking pre-IPO financing to ramp up production and work towards listing on the Australian Stock Exchange as steady-state phosphate production and sales revenue emerge. Upon Bifox listing its shares, Lara is due an expense reimbursement of US$570,000. Lara currently owns roughly 6% of the shares of Bifox and will receive a 2% royalty once production exceeds 50,000 tonnes per annum.
Qualified Person
Mr. Michael Bennell, Lara's Vice President Exploration and a Fellow of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, is a Qualified Person, as defined by NI 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects, has reviewed and has approved the disclosure of the technical information in the MD&A regarding the Company's projects.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Three months ended June 30, 2025
For the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company reported a loss of $864,352 or $0.02 per share compared to an income of $869,543 or $0.02 per share in the comparative quarter. The variance was primarily due to a gain on sale of the Curionópolis Iron Project of $1,858,500 in the comparative quarter.
Six months ended June 30, 2025
For the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company reported a loss of $1,379,945 or $0.03 per share compared to an income of $148,826 or $0.00 per share in the comparative period. The variance was primarily due to a gain on sale of the Curionópolis Iron Project of $1,858,500 in the comparative period.
SUMMARY OF QUARTERLY RESULTS
| For the quarter ended | June 30 2025 | March 31 2025 | December 31 2024 | September 30 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net exploration expenditures | $ 553,901 | $ 427,993 | $ 647,716 | $ 388,473 |
| Share-based payments | - | - | - | - |
| Net income (loss) for the period | (864,352) | (515,593) | (1,304,485) | 61,153 |
| Net income (loss) per share¹ | (0.02) | (0.01) | (0.03) | 0.00 |
| June 30 | March 31 | December 31 | September 30 | |
| For the quarter ended | 2024 | 2024 | 2023 | 2023 |
| Net exploration expenditures | $ 504,329 | $ 321,919 | $ 349,374 | $ 272,720 |
| Share-based payments | - | 153,159 | - | - |
| Net income (loss) for the period | 869,543 | (720,717) | (372,321) | (486,964) |
| Net income (loss) per share¹ | 0.02 | (0.02) | (0.01) | (0.01) |
¹ Basic and diluted
The net income or loss for each quarter is primarily based on the amount of exploration expenditures incurred, option payments paid or received, and whether stock options were granted and vested in the quarter.
Exploration expenditures
The Company has three main types of exploration activity: general reconnaissance, exploration of mineral properties acquired through claim staking, and exploration of mineral properties acquired through option agreements with third parties.
The amount of exploration activity in a quarter depends on whether the Company is conducting general reconnaissance to acquire new, relatively unexplored properties, starting to conduct exploration on recently acquired mineral properties and whether Lara is simultaneously receiving funding from a third party to conduct exploration on properties which have been optioned. For properties that have been optioned, Lara generally receives the funding, manages the exploration programs, and records the expenditures in their financial statements, net of the amounts paid by third parties.
Exploration spending is also dependent on a healthy treasury. The Company closely monitors its cash position and reduces exploration expenditures if there is insufficient funding to cover all administration expenses and planned exploration expenditures.
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Share-based payments
The Company periodically grants stock options to its directors, senior management, and consultants. These grants are usually fully vested on the date of the grant, which can result in a significant share-based payment expense occurring in a given quarter of any year. The last two major option grants, which included all directors, senior management, and consultants, occurred in April 2023 and September 2020. Lara has granted options to recognize a specific achievement by senior management, compensate a new director, or recognize ongoing contributions from current directors. The greater the number of options granted and the higher the exercise price, the greater the share-based payment expense will be recognized.
Lara also grants bonus shares to senior management approximately every two years. The shares have generally vested, one-third on the grant date, one-third after one year, and one-third after two years. Whenever a new bonus share grant takes place, there can be a significant share-based payment expense in that quarter because the first third of the bonus shares are vested immediately, and the expense is recorded at that time. The remaining bonus shares accrue evenly over successive quarters and do not generally result in a significant variation in net income or loss.
Option payments received from third parties
The Company enters into option agreements with third parties, whereby those third parties agree to acquire a majority interest in a mineral property through a combination of defined exploration expenditures and cash or share payments. Cash or share payments received are (a) first recognized as recoveries on exploration costs incurred by Lara, (b) then any excess as reductions against past acquisition costs capitalized, and (c) finally, any residual portion as other income. Option payments can be significant during the later stages of an option agreement. If these payments are accounted for as exploration expense recoveries or other income, they will have a material effect on the Company's net income or loss for a given quarter.
FINANCIAL CONDITION, LIQUIDITY, AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The Company had working capital of $3,798,055 as at June 30, 2025, compared to $5,153,800 as at December 31, 2024. The change during the period was due primarily to cash used to cover exploration and administration expenditures. The Company has reported a significant value in its investment in Bifox. However, those shares cannot be easily liquidated, and therefore, the Company does not expect that they will be a source of cash to fund operations in 2025. The Company has sufficient capital resources to maintain its operations for twelve months.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The aggregate value of transactions paid or accrued to key management personnel and directors was as follows:
| For the six months ended June 30, 2025 | Amounts |
|---|---|
| Chief Executive Officer | $ 166,021 |
| Chairman | 109,802 |
| VP Exploration | 90,000 |
| VP Corporate Development | 60,000 |
| Seabord Management Corp. | 106,800 |
| $ 532,623 |
The above payments for management compensation are made in the normal course of business. The amounts paid for these services are negotiated in good faith by both parties and fall within normal market ranges. The Compensation Committee reviews executive compensation annually. The Board of Directors considers any changes to executive compensation recommended by the Compensation Committee and approves these changes if appropriate. The consulting contracts with senior management are ongoing monthly commitments that can be terminated by either party with sufficient notice. All balances due to related parties are included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities.
Seabord Management Corp. ("Seabord") is related to Lara because it provides the Company with key management personnel services, such as the Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary, who are employees of Seabord and are not paid directly by the Company. As at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company has provided a $10,000 deposit in connection with the service agreement with Seabord.
As at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had $Nil due to management related to fees, which have been included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities.
INVESTMENT IN ASSOCIATED COMPANY
The Company has a 45% interest in Minas Dixon S.A. ("Minas Dixon"), which had a carrying amount of $26,137 as at December 31, 2024. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recognized its share of Minas Dixon's loss of $10,821 (2024 - $4,545). As a result, the Company's investment in Minas Dixon was $15,316 as at June 30, 2025.
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Company classified its financial instruments as follows:
| June 30 2025 | December 31 2024 | |
|---|---|---|
| Financial assets - FVTPL: | ||
| Long-term investments | $ 3,173,661 | $ 3,430,107 |
| Financial assets - amortized costs: | ||
| Cash | 3,803,635 | 5,144,036 |
| Restricted cash equivalents | 57,976 | 57,976 |
| Receivables | 35,766 | 26,640 |
| Financial liabilities - amortized costs: | ||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 163,776 | 109,093 |
Fair Value
The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximated their fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. Cost is the best measure of fair value for the Company's long-term investments.
OUTSTANDING SHARE DATA
There are 50,488,296 common shares issued and outstanding. In addition, 2,780,000 stock options are outstanding, with exercise prices ranging from $0.54 to $1.20 per option and terms expiring between September 1, 2025, and October 11, 2029.
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OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
The Company has no off-balance sheet arrangements.
RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES
Financial risk management
Lara's strategy for cash is to safeguard this asset by investing any excess cash in very low-risk financial instruments such as term deposits or holding funds in the highest-yielding accounts with a major Canadian bank. Using this strategy, the Company preserves its cash resources and can earn a low-risk return through the yields on these investments. The Company's financial instruments are exposed to certain financial risks, including foreign currency risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, and market and interest rate risk.
Foreign currency risk
The Company is exposed to financial risk related to the fluctuation of foreign exchange rates. The Company operates in Canada, Brazil, and Peru. The Company funds cash calls to its subsidiary companies outside of Canada in Canadian and US dollars, and a portion of its expenditures are also incurred in local currencies, which include the US dollar, the Brazilian real, and the Peruvian sol. The Company's exposure to foreign currency risk arises primarily from fluctuations between the Canadian dollar and those currencies. The Company has not entered into any derivative instruments to manage foreign exchange fluctuations. Management believes the foreign exchange risk related to currency conversions is minimal.
Market and interest rate risk
Market risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of financial instruments will fluctuate due to changes in the values of quoted market prices. Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value of cash flows from a financial instrument will fluctuate due to changes in market interest rates. Lara holds fair value through profit or loss ("FVTPL") investments, which have market risk and have generally declined in value since acquisition because of the weak equity markets for exploration companies. The Company's cash is held mainly in interest-bearing bank accounts, and therefore, there is currently minimal interest rate risk.
Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk that one party will cause a financial loss for another party by failing to discharge an obligation. The Company is exposed to credit risk with respect to its cash and cash equivalents. The Company's cash and cash equivalents are mainly held through a large Canadian financial institution and are primarily held in bank accounts or GICs, and accordingly, credit risk is minimized. The Company generally does not accrue receivables for scheduled option payments, only recording them when received. That procedure significantly reduces the risk of recording uncollectible receivables.
Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not meet its financial obligations as they fall due. The Company manages liquidity risk through the management of its capital resources. The Company's objective is to ensure sufficient committed financial resources to meet its business requirements for the next twelve months. The Company is exposed to liquidity risk.
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Joint venture funding risk
Lara's strategy is to seek partners through joint ventures to fund exploration and project development. The main risk of this strategy is that funding partners may not raise enough capital to satisfy exploration and other expenditure terms in a joint venture agreement. As a result, the exploration and development of one or more of the Company's property interests may be delayed depending on whether Lara can find another partner or has enough capital resources to fund the exploration and development.
Commodity price risk
Lara is exposed to commodity price risk. Declines in the market prices of gold, base metals and other minerals may adversely affect Lara's ability to raise capital or attract joint venture partners to participate in its various exploration projects. Commodity price declines could also reduce the amount the Company would receive on the disposition of one of its mineral properties.
Mineral property exploration and mining risks
The business of mineral deposit exploration and extraction involves a high degree of risk. Few properties that are explored ultimately become producing mines. At present, none of the Company's properties has a known commercial ore deposit. The main responses to operating risks include ensuring ownership of and access to mineral properties by confirming that option agreements, claims and leases are in good standing and obtaining permits for drilling and other exploration activities. There can be additional risks involved in some countries where pending applications for claims or licenses can be affected by government changes to application procedures.
Some of the Company's mineral properties are located within or near local communities. In these areas, it may be necessary as a practical matter to negotiate surface access with these local communities. There can be no guarantee that, despite having the legal right to access a mineral property and carry on exploration activities, the Company will be able to negotiate a satisfactory agreement with any such existing landowners or communities for this access. Therefore, the Company or one of its joint venture partners may be unable to conduct exploration activities on a property. In those circumstances where a local community or landowner has denied access, the Company may need to rely on the assistance of local officials or the courts to gain access, or it may be forced to abandon the property.
Lara is currently earning an interest in certain of its properties through option agreements. The acquisition of title to the properties is only completed when the option conditions have been met. These conditions generally include making cash payments to the vendor, paying annual land fees, and incurring exploration expenditures on the properties and can include the satisfactory completion of technical studies. If the Company does not satisfactorily complete these option conditions in the time frame laid out in the option agreements, the Company's title to the related property will not vest, and the Company will have to write off the previously capitalized costs related to that property.
Financing and share price fluctuation risks
Lara has limited financial resources, no reliable source of operating cash flow and no assurance that additional funding will be available for further exploration and development of its projects. Further exploration and development of one or more of the Company's projects may depend upon the Company's ability to obtain financing through equity issues, debt financing or liquidation of long-term investments. Failure to obtain this financing could result in the delay or indefinite postponement of further exploration and development of its projects, which could result in the loss of one or more of its properties. Securities markets have experienced a high degree of price and volume volatility, and the market price of securities of many companies, particularly those considered to be development-stage companies such as Lara, have experienced wide fluctuations in share price, which have not necessarily been related to their operating performance, underlying asset values or prospects. There can be no assurance that these kinds of share price fluctuations will not occur in the future, and if they do occur, how severe the impact may be on Lara's ability to raise additional funds through equity issues.
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Key personnel risk
Lara's success depends on key personnel working in management and administrative capacities or as consultants. The loss of the services of senior management or key personnel could have a material and adverse effect on the Company, its business, and the results of operations.
Competition
The Company competes with many other companies and individuals with substantially greater financial and technical resources for the acquisition and development of projects and the recruitment and retention of qualified employees.
Political and currency risks
The Company is operating in countries that currently have varied political environments. Changing political situations may affect the way the Company operates. The Company's equity financings are sourced in Canadian dollars, but for the most part, it incurs its expenditures in local currencies. There are no currency hedges in place. Therefore, a weakening of the Canadian dollar against the Brazilian real or Peruvian sol could have an adverse impact on the amount of exploration conducted.
Environmental risks and hazards
The activities of the Company are subject to environmental regulations issued and enforced by government agencies. Environmental legislation is evolving to require stricter standards and enforcement and involves increased fines and penalties for non-compliance, more stringent environmental assessments of proposed projects, and a heightened degree of responsibility for companies and their officers, directors, and employees. There can be no assurance that future changes in environmental regulation, if any, will not adversely affect Lara's operations. Environmental hazards may exist on properties in which the Company holds interests that are unknown to the Company at present.
Insured and uninsured risks
During exploration, development, and production on mineral properties, the Company is subject to many risks and hazards in general, including adverse environmental conditions, operational accidents, labour disputes, unusual or unexpected geological conditions, changes in the regulatory environment and natural phenomena such as severe weather conditions, floods, and earthquakes. Such occurrences could result in damage to the Company's property or facilities and equipment, personal injury or death, environmental damage to mineral properties, delays, monetary losses, and possible legal liability. Although the Company may maintain insurance to protect itself against certain risks in amounts that it considers reasonable, its insurance may not cover all the potential risks associated with its operations. The Company may also be unable to maintain insurance to cover these risks at economically feasible premiums or for other reasons. Should such liabilities arise, they could reduce or eliminate future profitability and result in increased costs, have a material adverse effect on the Company's results, and cause a decline in the value of the Company's securities. Some work is carried out through independent consultants, and the Company requires that all consultants carry their insurance to cover any potential liabilities because of their work on a project.