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GREENWING RESOURCES LTD — Investor Presentation 2021
Aug 26, 2021
65029_rns_2021-08-26_054901a5-4fb3-4436-b3fd-44da074e08de.pdf
Investor Presentation
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INVESTOR PRESENTATION
ASX:GW1 www.greenwingresources.com
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AUGUST 2021
1
IMPORTANT INFORMATION
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Disclaimer
This document has been prepared by Greenwing Resources Limited ABN 31109933995 (the “Company”). It should not be considered as an invitation or offer to subscribe for or purchase any securities in the Company or as an inducement to make an invitation or offer with respect to those securities. No agreement to subscribe for securities in the Company will be entered into on the basis of this document. This document is provided on the basis that neither the Company nor its officers, shareholders, related bodies corporate, partners, affiliates, employees, representatives and advisers make any representation or warranty (express or implied) as to the accuracy, reliability, relevance or completeness of the material contained in the document and nothing contained in the document is, or may be relied upon as a promise, representation or warranty, whether as to the past or the future. The Company hereby excludes all warranties that can be excluded by law.
The document may contain forward-looking information and prospective financial material, which is predictive in nature and may be affected by inaccurate assumptions or by known or unknown risks and uncertainties and may differ materially from results ultimately achieved. All references to future production, production targets and resource targets and infrastructure access are subject to the completion of all necessary feasibility studies, permitting, construction, financing arrangements and infrastructure-related agreements. Where such a reference is made, it should be read subject to this paragraph and in conjunction with further information about the Mineral Resources and Exploration Results, as well as the Competent Persons' statements. All persons should consider seeking appropriate professional advice in reviewing the document and all other information with respect to the Company and evaluating the business, financial performance and operations of the Company. Neither the provision of the document nor any information contained in the document or subsequently communicated to any person in connection with the document is, or should be taken as, constituting the giving of investment advice to any person.
Forward Looking Statements
This document may contain certain forward-looking statements. Such statements are only predictions, based on certain assumptions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are beyond the Company’s control. Actual events or results may differ materially from the events or results expected or implied in any forward-looking statement. The inclusion of such statements should not be regarded as a representation, warranty or prediction with respect to the accuracy of the underlying assumptions or that any forward-looking statements will be or are likely to be fulfilled. The Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this document (subject to securities exchange disclosure requirements). The information in this document does not take into account the objectives, financial situation or particular needs of any person. Nothing contained in this document constitutes investment, legal, tax or other advice.
Competent Person Statement
The information in this document that relates to Exploration Results, Exploration Targets and Mineral Resources is based on information compiled by Tim McManus, a Competent Person who is a member of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy and a full-time employee of the Company.
Tim McManus has sufficient experience that is relevant to the style of mineralization and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity being undertaken to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of the Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves. Tim McManus consents to the inclusion of the information in this document in the form and context in which it appears.
Subsequent Public Reporting
The information for the JORC Mineral Resource Summary is extracted from the ASX Announcement “41% Increase in Graphite Mineral Resource to Advance Plans for Large Scale Mining and Processing Operations” released 16 March 2021, which is available to view on www.asx.com.au. The Company confirms that it is not aware of any new information or data that materially affects the information included in the original market announcement and all material assumptions and technical parameters underpinning the estimates in the relevant market announcement continue to apply and have not materially changed. The Company confirms that the form and context in which the Competent Person’s findings are presented have not been materially modified from the original market announcements.
NOT FOR RELEASE IN THE USA
2
COMPANY OVERVIEW
GRAPHITE
o 100% owner operator of the Graphmada Graphite Mining Complex, Madagascar. o Exploring the Andapa Graphite Project, Madagascar.
LITHIUM
o Exploring the San Jorge lithium brine project, Argentina.
o Progressing the high-grade spodumene project at Millie’s Reward, Madagascar.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
o A producer of clean large flake concentrates ideal for Advanced Materials.
SIGNIFICANT BOARD EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPING, FUNDING AND OPERATING PROJECTS FROM EXPLORATION TO PRODUCTION
MARKET CAPITALIZATION:
$24 million*
NET CASH:
$0.5 million*
SHARE PRICE:
$0.27 per share*
SHARES ON ISSUE:
89.4 million[#]
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DIRECTORS AND MANAGEMENT
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Top 20 holders hold 42%
top 20 other
Rick Anthon (Non-Executive Chairman) Peter Wright (Executive Director) Jeff Marvin (Non-Executive Director) James Brown (Non-Executive Director) Tim McManus (Chief Executive Officer) Angus Craig (Company Secretary)
*** as of 26 August 2021 # share consolidation completed in July 2021**
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STRATEGY
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To build a fully integrated green metals company with a comprehensive exposure to graphite, lithium and advanced materials as the planet transitions to a lower carbon economy.
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Compelling long-term fundamentals emerging in Graphite, Advanced Materials (derived from Graphite) and Lithium with several leading institutions forecasting enduring deficits for both
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An established platform at the Graphmada Mining Complex, with a reported resource of 20mt @ 4% TGC[1] with further potential upside, and a history of producing across all concentrate types that have been sold into major markets without penalty.
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The ability to capitalise on operating expertise and expand production at Graphmada
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A lithium portfolio with the potential for both brine and hard rock production.
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Well positioned to implement its strategy with the commencement of exploration at San Jorge, the commencement of advanced materials research with Swinburne University while expanding Resources and planning significantly increased production at Graphmada.
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DELIVERY
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Lithium: Delivery of a brine held resource in the prolific Lithium Triangle at the San Jorge Lithium project in Argentina and a spodumene hosted lithium resource at the Millie’s Reward project in Madagascar. Graphite: To continue to grow the graphite resource, in conjunction with capitalising on the production experience at Graphmada, to deliver a project capable of supporting production of up to 40,000 tpa of Graphite concentrates.
Advanced Materials: Utilise the large flake and clean nature of Greenwing’s graphite concentrates to develop expandable graphite and graphene applications.
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STRATEGY Where critical minerals meet advanced materials
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THE GRAPHITE & LITHIUM MARKET A Compelling Opportunity
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THE IMPORTANCE OF GRAPHITE AND LITHIUM
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✓ Graphite and Lithium are Critical Minerals of high strategic importance for advanced materials and battery technologies.
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✓ Emerging consensus of looming and sustained supply side deficits in both Graphite and Lithium concentrates.
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✓ Increasing penetration of electronic vehicles (EVs) is a primary driver of demand for Graphite and Lithium concentrates.
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✓ Graphite and Lithium represents 57.8% of a battery and stands to benefit substantially from the global shift to electric vehicles.
EV ADOPTION TO DRIVE BATTERY SURGE
- ✓ Global EV sales CAGR forecasts as high as 30% across the next decade.
World Bank - Minerals for Climate Action Report: The Mineral Intensity of the Clean Energy Transition
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✓ Global EV penetration is forecast to reach 17% in 2025, 40% by 2030 and 80% by 2040.
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✓ US$2b EV stimulus in China extended to 2022, targeting 20% EV penetration by 2025.
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✓ >€1 trillion Green Recovery Deal announced in Europe with Norway & Netherlands ending ICE sales by 2035.
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✓ UK will ban petrol and diesel engine sales by 2030 and is targeting zero emissions by 2035.
Source: World Bank
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SAN JORGE: Lithium Brine Project, Argentina
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Building a lithium business is a key element of our strategy.
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Greenwing has considerable lithium experience at a board level with Chair Rick Anthon involvement in Orocobre from inception and James Brown developing and delivering the Pilgangoora Lithium project from outcrop to first concentrates.
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The San Jorge Lithium Brine Project is located in the world-renowned Lithium Triangle, which accounts for over half of the world’s annual lithium production.
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Greenwing is seeking to replicate the success of other ASX listed Lithium Brine developers in the Lithium Triangle.
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Greenwing has the option to acquire 100% ownership of a tenement package inclusive of a 2800 hectare Salar (San Francisco Salar).
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Greenwing is seeking to complement its hard rock Lithium project in Madagascar with the San Jorge Brine project to cover both market segments of Lithium Carbonate supply.
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The Company sees considerable scope to add value for shareholders at San Jorge as it steps through its work program over the next 6-9 months.
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SAN JORGE: Lithium Brine Project, Argentina
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The San Jorge lithium brine project
The San Jorge project[13, 15] consists of 15 granted Exploration Licenses (EL’s) covering some 36,000 hectares inclusive of the San Francisco Salar which covers some 2,800 hectares.
The San Jorge project has several key compelling characteristics including:
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Well developed evaporite surface in the far north and northwest of the salar
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In other parts of the Salar salt crust is present between areas of the volcanic ash/sand/silt/clay cover on the surface of the Salt Lake. Halite is present in the West and central part of the Salt Lake.
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The nucleus of the salt lake, where it is anticipated lithium brine will be most concentrated is likely to be the centre of the salar or in the south as it appears the most significant surface inflows may be from the north towards the salt lake.
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Located in the world’s most prolific area for lithium production.
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13, 15 See footnotes at end of presentation.
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SAN JORGE: Ex ploration and Development
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Tenure Map of the San Jorge lithium brine project
Planning an aggressive program for the balance of 2021.
The proposed program over the initial six months of exploration will consist of:
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A passive seismic geophysical across the salar to define the thickness of the salar sediments and to target drilling and assist future resource estimation;
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Electrical geophysics to map the extent of the brine body extending under gravel units around the salar;
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Shallow auger drilling and pit sampling to collect brine samples for assaying, to determine the shallow concentrations of lithium and other elements; and
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Possible targeted deeper drilling to obtain brine samples for evaluation of brine chemistry and to confirm the porosity and permeability characteristics to evaluate possible future production conditions.
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13, 15 See footnotes at end of presentation.
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MILLIE’S REWARD: Lithium-in-S podumene Project
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Millie’s Reward Project (100% owned) is a virgin discovery of potentially high-grade pegmatite-hosted lithium project located in central Madagascar. The Project consists of over 200 multiple pegmatite surface occurrences along a strike length of 10 km which to date have returned rock-chip grades of up to 7.08% Li2O[16] .
In 2018 the Company completed its Phase 1 exploration works, including prospecting, geological mapping, rock-chip sampling, geochemical soil sampling, pitting and trenching programs, with a small drill program also completed at Millie’s West, one of 8 high priority prospects within the Project area.
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Project Location
Tsarafara Prospect – one of 8 outcropping pegmatite targets within the Project area
16 See footnotes at end of presentation.
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MILLIE’S REWARD: Ex loration Success p
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The lithium-bearing spodumene mineralization at Millie’s Reward occurs within pegmatite dikes and sills in the area of greater than 10 meters in thickness and several hundred meters in length. To date the lithium-bearing pegmatites sampled in the project area represent only those observed at surface. It is considered likely that other pegmatites may occur beneath the regolith cover.
Highlights from the initial field program include:
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Ampatsikahitra: pegmatite at surface over approx. 500 m, with Li2O grades up to 7.1%[16] .
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Ilapa: pegmatite at surface over approx. 700 m, with Li2O grades up to 1.8%[16] .
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Manjaka: pegmatite at surface over approx. 300 m, with Li2O grades up to 6.9%[16] .
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• Vietnam: pegmatite at surface over approx. 100 m, with Li2O grades up to 6.9%[16] .
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Tsarafara: pegmatite at surface over approx. 500 m, with Li2O grades up to 4.1%[16] .
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8 high priority prospects within the project area.
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High grade rock samples taken from within the project area.
16 See footnotes at end of presentation.
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GRAPHITEGRAPHITE
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GRAPHITE PROJECTS OVERVIEW
GRAPHMADA
THE GRAPHMADA MINING COMPLEX
✓ 100% owner of the Graphmada Graphite Mining Complex, located in Eastern Madagascar - a strategic and unique large-flake graphite resource that provides exposure to the growing battery anode, graphene and expandable graphite markets.
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✓ The Company has expanded its Mineral Resource[1] from an initial 5.7 million tonnes (Mt) to 20.2 Mt at 4% TGC, defined within a wider exploration target of 86-146Mt @ 4-6% TGC[1] .
- ✓ 40 year mining lease permits and 20 year landholder agreements in place.
✓ Stage 1 processing plant in place with 20 months of premium concentrate production achieved. Currently placed on care & maintenance pending stage 2 expansion.
✓ Established diversified sales channels with concentrates qualified and sold into international markets; Europe, the USA, India, Japan and China – with all production sold without penalty or rejection.
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✓ Aggressive drilling program underway targeting near surface, easily mineable graphite to grow the resource and underpin future large-scale mining and processing.
✓ Stage 2 large scale mining and processing feasibility studies underway, with material progress made.
1, 2 See footnotes at end of presentation.
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LOW COST AND RAPID ASSET GROWTH
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Cumulative growth in Graphmada’s Mineral Resources[1]
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2022
2021
2019
2017
?
2016
20.2 Mt
14.3 Mt
9.1 Mt
5.7 Mt
60% 57% 41% ?
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See footnote 1 at end of presentation.
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GREENWING RESOURCES: International Footprint
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- ✓ 20 months of continuous production and an unblemished sales record.
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EUROPE
NORTH
AMERICA
INDIA
MADAGASCAR
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CHINA
JAPAN
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✓
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Greenwing produced and delivered concentrates to all concentrate specifications.
✓
Concentrates range Super Jumbo used for advanced applications through to Fine Flake concentrates suitable for anode material in Lithium Ion Batteries.
- ✓
Greenwing has incurred zero penalties or rejection for sales reflecting the unique nature of its 90% Large Flake and above resource.
✓
Greenwing concentrates qualified for sale both into Europe and the USA.
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✓
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Greenwing concentrates were also sold into India, Japan and China.
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✓ Greenwing is currently actively expanding its Resource base.
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GRAPHMADA STAGE 2 EXPANSION
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DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
Stage 2 will aim to produce up 40,000 tonnes per annum of premium graphite concentrates
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50% large flake production for advanced material end-use.
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50% targeted to the lithium battery sector.
Graphmada clean and commercially proven concentrates are highly suitable to the EV sector , with a very high purity of 99.99 wt.% carbon achieved[10] .
10 See footnotes at end of presentation.
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GRAPHMADA STAGE 2 EXPANSION
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The Company is currently undertaking numerous studies as part of its feasibility of large-scale mining and processing at Graphmada.
KEY STUDY ITEMS[12]
INVESTMENT INCENTIVES
HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER[11]
Feasibility Studies underpin the Company’s application for Major Project Status under the Madagascan Large Mining Investment Code.
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Viability of low-cost wet ore sorting methods to preserve flake size including dredging and hydraulic mining.
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Geotechnical requirements to match mining method.
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Reduction of the royalty fee to 1%.
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• Duty free import of all project equipment and material.
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Cut-off grade review and estimation to match mining method.
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Reduced general tax regime.
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• Legislative Stability guarantee.
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• Guarantees to foreign currency including offshore accounts.
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Tailings management.
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Screening and packaging.
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Logistics center expansion.
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Guarantees concerning foreign workers.
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Project economics and modelling.
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Set timeframes for governmental
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• Environmental, social, and approval (60 days). corporate governance (ESG).
The Government of Madagascar has announced a major hydro-electrification project, electrifying areas along National Road 2 which Graphmada is immediately adjacent to and uses as part of its logistics network. With a scheduled completion in 2024, the Company will access mains power for Stage 2, delivering cheap and clean baseload power, potentially reducing C1 operating costs by up to 30%.
11, 12 See footnotes at end of presentation.
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ONGOING EXPLORATION SUCCESS
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Current Graphmada Mineral Resource (JORC 2012).
Graphmada
The Company has recently completed an initial surface exploration program which discovered mineralization of at least 4.5km in strike between the Mahela and Loharano zones (the ‘Mineralized Trend’)[3] .
The Company has expanded the Graphmada Mineral Resource[1] from an initial 5.7 million tonnes (Mt) to 20.2 Mt at 4% TGC .
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1, 3 See footnotes at end of presentation.
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GRAPHITE GROWTH STRATEGY
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Scale operations
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4
2
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Aggressive exploration, resource expansion and processing expansion studies underway to underpin the commencement of large scale, Stage 2 mining and production.
Supply high value markets
Graphmada graphite is uniquely hosted in soft ore, allowing for the preservation of flake size during mining and concentration. Larger
3
flakes (>90% of Greenwing’s resource) is used in high end applications and yields a price premium to fine flakes (used in Liion battery anodes).
Expand resource
Hard rock mineralization remains open at depth within the existing resource with over 4.5km of additional nearsurface graphite discoveries underpinning substantial resource growth upside.
Stage 1 Complete 1
Over 20 months of continuous production achieved at Graphmada with successful produce sales to international customers. Valuable intellectual capital and relationships developed to unpin future development.
1 See footnotes at end of presentation.
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Advanced Materials Strate gy
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VALUABLE AND PROVEN FEEDSTOCK FOR ADVANCED APPLICATIONS
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Refractories & Metallurgical[5]
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✓ Large Flake Graphite
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✓ Clean, high purity concentrates
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✓ Industry benchmark qualities
Graphene & High End Technologies
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✓ Very high purity of 99.99 wt.% carbon achievable for premium feedstock
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✓ High order crystalline structure
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Expandables & Fire Retardants[6]
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✓ Large Flake Graphite
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✓ Exceptional Expandability ✓ Clean, high purity concentrates
Energy: Battery & Fuel Cell[7]
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✓ Very high purity of 99.99 wt.% carbon achievable
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✓ All parameters meet leading battery anode manufacturer specifications
Greenwing has consistently produced high value clean and large flake graphite concentrates which are prerequisites for the majority of advanced materials use and has proven it can produce large flake concentrates at scale, with no deleterious elements.
Greenwing has released extensive metallurgical test work highlighting the suitability of its concentrates for value added products.
Products such as expandable graphite, graphene and specialty carbons are high growth markets requiring premium graphite concentrates which Grrenwing is well placed to supply.
As a graphite producer and specialty carbon products developer, the Company is building its own capabilities internally as well as seeking high value collaborations such as those previously announced with European Battery Alliance and Swinburne University.
5, 6, 7 See footnotes at end of presentation.
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Research and Develo ment Initiatives p
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MATERIAL TESTING AND QUALIFICATION
Product quality test results as per previous ASX announcements:
Tests confirm Concentrates as Industry Benchmark[5]
”Results concluded that the Graphmada concentrates are highly suitable for foundries, crucible and refractory applications due to their exceptional flake size, high resistance against oxidation, low LOI at 4200C, no carbonates, a very low Sulphur (SO3) content, and exhibit favorable flake ash melting temperatures.”
Test confirm Industry Leading Expandability for Graphmada[6]
“Expandability tests across all flake sizes delivered excellent results, with the maximum expansion volume of 510 cm3/g achieved with extremely large flakes > 400 microns. These results exceed typical concentrates currently available.”
Excellent Lithium-ion battery feedstock test results[7]
“Independent test work demonstrates Graphmada graphite concentrates as highly suitable for lithium-ion battery applications with a very high purity of 99.99 wt.% carbon achieved. All analyzed parameters including bulk density, tap density and surface area (BET) are similar to typical spherical graphite products in the market and meet leading battery anode manufacturer specifications.
Update - Advanced Materials[10]
“From premium, large flake graphite concentrates supplied from the Company’s wholly owned Graphmada Mining Complex, Urbix’s purification process delivered outstanding purification results exceeding 99.9% for >180 micron graphite flake and 99.7% for >300 microns graphite flake, with key deleterious elements all well below industry requirements.”
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5, 6, 7, 10 See footnotes at end of presentation.
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Research and Develo ment Initiatives p
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SPECIALTY CARBON COMPOSITE TECHNOLOGY
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Greenwing and Swinburne University have signed a Master Research and Development Agreement[4,14] to develop advanced materials using both Expandable Graphite and Graphene from the Company’s premium concentrates.
The key objective of the first collaboration is to create a patentable, environmentally friendly, advanced fireproof paneling product from purified Expandable Graphite and Graphene, with a focus on mechanical strength and fire retardation.
Greenwing is aiming to develop a method for the production of Specialty Carbon Composites for the innovative manufacture of fireproof paneling and associated products. The dominant purpose of which is to assume a significant share of the global fire-retardant market through providing a substitute to Aluminum Composite Panels (ACP’s).
ACP Market was valued at USD 6.40 Billion in 2018 and is projected to reach USD 10.72 Billion by 2026, growing at a CAGR of 6.62% from 2019 to 2026 (source: Verified Market Research).
Graphmada’s large flake graphite under magnification.
4, 14 See footnotes at end of presentation.
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GRAPHITE
Indicative News Flow
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Further regional exploration and drilling at Graphmada
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•Diamond drilling and Mineral Resource updates
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•Economic assessment and feasibility studies for Stage 2 expansion
LITHIUM
Greenwing has three distinct areas of development it is pursuing to progress its strategy to become a company offering investors a comprehensive exposure to both Battery and Anode materials along with exposure to the emerging Advanced materials sector.
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•Finalize acquisition of San Jorge lithium brine project, Argentina
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•Exploration, geophysics and drilling at San Jorge •Exploration, geophysics and drilling at Millie’s Reward, Madagascar
ADVANCED MATERIALS & BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES
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•Further trials: purification, expandability and graphene
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•Product development and prototype
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•Strategic alliances and agreements
4, 14 See Footnotes at end of presentation. 26
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CORPORATE STRATEGY
GRAPHITE
LITHIUM
ADVANCED MINERALS
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Provide shareholders with a comprehensive exposure to the graph ~~ite, advanced materials~~ and lithium markets as the global economy shifts to a low carbon economy.
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Progress this strategy with the exploration at the an Jorge lithium project, continued development at Graphmada and working with Swinburne University on the development of advanced materials.
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•100% owner of Graphmada Mining Complex , a unique and ~~growing large-flake graphite~~ resource, with low cost and wellestablished mining, processing and logistics infrastructure.
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•20 months of premium concentrate production with concentrates qualified and sold into international markets without penalty or rejection.
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•Stage 2 large scale mining and processing feasibility studies underway and ongoing Resource expansion.
•Transacting on the San Jorge lithium brine project in Argentina, ~~located in the world-renowned~~ Lithium Triangle.
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•An aggressive program is planned at San Jorge with a view to establishing a maiden Mineral Resource.
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•Further exploration for highgrade spodumene mineralization at Millie’s Reward in central Madagascar.
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•Strategic alliances and agreements in place across the ~~critical mineral and advance~~ d material markets and supply chains.
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•Researching and developing expandable graphite and graphene products and composites such as fire proof panels.
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•Collaborating in the development of battery anode supply chain processes:purification, spheroidization and coating technologies.
INVESTMENT SUMMARY
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A endix pp
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BOARD OF DIRECTORS
RICK ANTHON
Non-Executive Chairman
30 years experience in commercial law & corporate leadership.
PETER WRIGHT
Executive Director
20 years experience in industrial minerals & metals funds management. Currently Partner at Bizzell Capital Partners.
JEFFREY MARVIN
Non-Executive Director
20 years experience in project financing and development and an active entrepreneur in energy technology.
JAMES BROWN
Non-Executive Director
30 years as a global mining professional and corporate leader in exploration, development and operations.
SENIOR MANAGEMENT
TIM MCMANUS
Chief Executive Officer
30 years as a global mining professional and corporate leader in exploration, development and operations.
ANGUS CRAIG
Company Secretary
25 years in acquisitions, mergers, equity funding, corporate governance and financial management.
SIMON RIENSTRA
General Manager (Projects) 15 years experience as qualified engineer with extensive resource sector experience in Australia and internationally.
MARK SILIATO
Finance Manager
20 years experience in financial accounting across a variety of industries.
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A endix pp
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ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE STATEMENT
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The Board and Management of Greenwing Resources Ltd is committed to ensuring that the Company’s obligations and responsibilities to its various stakeholders are fulfilled through a strong commitment to achieving Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance (ESG) best practice.
The Company fosters a culture which values ethical business practices and always acting with the highest degree of respect and integrity. We believe that ensuring a high standard of ESG practices enhances the Company’s sustainable long term performance and value creation for all stakeholders.
At Greenwing we produce industrial mineral concentrates essential to the next generation of technologies that requires us to work-in remote locations in Madagascar and often on land owned by the Malagasy people. Our approach is a simple one; we must work in a way that delivers real, lasting benefits for our shareholders as well as the Malagasy people.
GRAPHITE MINERAL RESOURCES AND EXPLORATION TARGET[1,3]
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Contained
Total Tonnes (Mt) TGC%
Graphite (kt)
Measured 2.9 4.2 121
Indicated 3.3 4.3 143
Inferred 14.0 3.9 550
Total 20.2 4.0 815
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In 2019 the Company, with an extensive data set of historical exploration, announced a brownfields Exploration Target estimate of 86146 Million tonnes between 4-6% Total Graphitic Carbon (TGC), in accordance with the JORC Code (2012).
This Exploration Target is in addition to an already substantial regolith hosted large flake graphite Mineral Resource of 20.2 Mt @ at 4% TGC, estimated in accordance with the JORC Code (2012).
Important Notes:
An Exploration Target is a statement or estimate of the exploration potential of a mineral deposit in a defined geological setting where the statement or estimate, quoted as a range of tonnes and a range of grade, relates to mineralization for which there has been insufficient exploration to estimate a Mineral Resource. The potential quantity and grade of the Exploration Target is conceptual in nature, there has been insufficient exploration to estimate an additional Mineral Resource and it is uncertain if further exploration will result in the estimation of an additional Mineral Resource.
The Company confirms that it is not aware of any new information or data that materially affects the information in the relevant ASX releases, and the form and context of the announcement has not materially changed. The Company confirms that the form and context in which the Competent Persons findings are presented have not been materially modified from the original market announcements.
1, 3 See footnotes at end of presentation.
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1) Reported in accordance with the 2012 Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (‘the JORC Code 2012’) as per ASX Announcement ‘41% Increase in Graphite Mineral Resource to Advance Plans for Large Scale Mining and Processing Operations’ released 16/03/21.
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2) ASX Announcement ‘Successful Auger results from Andapa warrants further review’ released 27/02/17.
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3) ASX Announcement ‘Significant Exploration Program to commence at Graphmada’ released 03/06/19.
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4) ASX Announcement ‘Greenwing signs MOU with Swinburne University’ released 27/4/20.
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5) ASX Announcement ‘Tests confirm Graphite Concentrates as Industry Benchmark’ released 23/05/17.
FOOTNOTES
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6) ASX Announcement ‘Tests confirm Industry Leading Expandability for Graphmada’ released 24/05/17.
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7) ASX Announcement ‘Excellent Lithium-ion battery feedstock test results’ released 29/05/17.
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8) ASX Announcement ‘Greenwing advances strategic discussions’ released 26/11/19.
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9) ASX Announcements ‘Exploration Update’ released 18/5/20, 15/9/20 and 8/12/20.
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10) ASX Announcement ‘Update re Advanced Materials’ released 17/11/20.
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11) ASX Announcement ‘Clean, low-cost energy for Graphmada’ released 26/11/20.
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12) ASX Announcement ‘Efficiencies Identified For Expansion of Production’ released 4/12/20
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13) ASX Announcement ‘Greenwing Metals signs Binding Term Sheet to Acquire the San Jorge Lithium Brine Project in Argentina’ released 26/03/2021.
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14) ASX Announcement ‘Greenwing continues Advanced Materials Strategy with Agreement to Develop Specialty Carbon Composite Technology’ released on 07/04/2021.
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15) ASX Announcement ‘Greenwing to Proceed with San Jorge Lithium Project Acquisition’ released on 13/07/2021.
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16) ASX Announcement ‘BSM's Outstanding Lithium intersection of 31m at 3.72%’ released on 11/08/2018.
This presentation was authorised for release by the Company’s chairman.
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KEY RISKS
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Greenwing Resources Ltd (Greenwing) is subject to a number of risk factors both specific to its business and of a general nature. Greenwing’s business, financial condition and the results of its operations could be materially and adversely affected by the occurrence of any of the risks associated with the business. As a result, the traded price of Greenwing’s shares could decline and shareholders could lose all or part of their investment. The risks outlined should not be considered exhaustive of the risks faced by Greenwing and its investors but these and other risks could have a material impact on the financial performance of Greenwing and the value of Greenwing shares.
Operating and Development Risks
There are significant risks associated with the operating and expansion of a mine. The ability of Greenwing to meet operating and capital expenditure estimates or achieve production targets as planned cannot be assured. For example, development and expansion projects may require approvals, permits or licenses (including environmental licenses) that may not be received on a timely basis, on acceptable terms or at all. There is no guarantee that Greenwing will be able to comply with all conditions imposed on those approvals and licenses in a cost- effective manner. Decisions regarding development and expansion projects may be subject to the successful outcome of operational reviews, test work, studies and trial mining.
There is a risk that the Company will not be able to economically mine current or future mineral reserves discovered in order to produce a satisfactory commercial return.
The assets of Greenwing (as with others in the sector) are subject to uncertainty inherent with resource estimation, development and production, grade, recovery, ground conditions, operational environment, funding for development, regulatory changes, accidents and other unforeseen circumstances such as unplanned mechanical failure of plant or equipment, storms, floods, bushfires or other natural disasters. If faced by Greenwing, these circumstances could result in Greenwing not realizing its operational or development plans or in such plans costing more than expected or taking longer to realize than expected. Any of these outcomes could have an adverse effect on Greenwing’s financial and operational performance.
Resource Estimation and Exploration Risks
The Mineral Resources for Greenwing’s assets are estimates only and no assurance can be given that any particular recovery level of graphite will in fact be realized. Greenwing’s estimates comply with the JORC Code, however Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves are expressions of judgment based on knowledge, experience and industry practice, and may require revision based on actual production experience. Estimates by nature are imprecise and involve assumptions. Additionally, even estimates that are valid when made may change significantly when new information or new techniques become available.
Exploration activities are speculative by nature and therefore are often unsuccessful. Such activities also require substantial expenditure and can take several years before it is known whether they will result in additional mines being developed. Accordingly, if the exploration activities undertaken by Greenwing do not result in additional reserves, this may have an adverse effect on the Company's financial performance.
Tenure
Interests in a project’s tenements are governed by laws and regulations and are granted for a certain period of time. The grant and ongoing validity of each license, lease and permit is subject to the holder complying with expenditure, reporting and other conditions. In this regard, Greenwing has permits granted and pending. While Greenwing believes pending permits will be granted once it fulfills the final conditions (which it intends to), there is no guarantee this will occur in a timely fashion or at all.
Land Access and Native Title Rights
The tenements in which Greenwing has an interest may be subject to landowner and/or native title claims or other access restrictions. Greenwing may need to resolve such access arrangements, prior to entering on land to carry out activities, through the provision of monetary compensation, compensation for damage to land and commitments to restore the land. In particular, the permits for Greenwing’s Graphmada mine are subject to negotiated access arrangements with landowners. While Greenwing expects the agreements to be upheld, there is no guarantee that all necessary parties will maintain these arrangements, that Greenwing has these.
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KEY RISKS
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Risks to Achieving Production (including increased production)
Whilst Greenwing considers there to be a reasonable basis for the production forecasts at its projects, the forecasts are subject to a number of factors, many of which cannot be foreseen and are beyond the control of Greenwing. These factors may cause the production forecasts not to be achieved or to be achieved later than expected.
Environmental Risk
The operations of Greenwing are subject to laws and regulations concerning the environment. As with most exploration projects and mining operations, Greenwing’s activities are expected to have an impact on the environment, particularly in relation to mining and production. It is Greenwing’s intention to conduct its activities to the highest standard of environmental obligation, including compliance with all environmental laws.
Share Market, Commodity Price Volatility and Foreign Exchange Rate Risk
Greenwing has significant commodity and energy requirements and it relies on being able to fulfill those requirements at a cost which does not negatively impact on its cash flows. A number of factors (such as rising oil prices, macroeconomic factors such as inflationary expectations, interest rates, currency exchange rates (particularly the strength of the US dollar), as well as general global economic conditions and political trends) may lead to an increase in commodity and energy costs which may materially adversely affect the earnings of Greenwing. Similarly, substantially all of Greenwing‘s revenues and cash flows are related to commodity markets. Therefore, the financial performance of Greenwing is exposed to fluctuations in commodity markets. Greenwing’s commodity end market prices may be influenced by numerous factors and events which are beyond the control of Greenwing. Greenwing is an Australian business that reports in Australian dollars. Revenue is derived from the sale of products in US dollars, therefore movements in the US$/A$ exchange rate or the Malagasy Ariary/A$ may adversely or beneficially affect Greenwing‘s cash flows. Share market conditions may adversely affect listed securities regardless of the operating performance of a particular company. The trading price of Greenwing’s securities may rise or fall depending on numerous factors impacting on market conditions and investor attitudes including the general economic outlook nationally and globally, interest rates, inflation, capital supply and other matters outside of Greenwing’s control
Funding Risks
In the ordinary course of operations and development, Greenwing is required to issue financial assurances, particularly insurances and bond/bank guarantee instruments, to secure statutory and environmental performance undertakings and commercial arrangements. Greenwing‘s ability to provide such assurances is subject to external financial and credit market assessments, and its own financial position. Subject to successful completion of the capital raising, it is expected that Greenwing will have sufficient funding to support its operations. However, Greenwing will require additional funding to progress its projects beyond the planned development and other work programs outlined to date. There is no assurance that Greenwing will be able to access future funding on favorable terms or at all. Additionally, to the extent there is any liability which crystallizes in respect of the Company’s Tasmanian metal assets, the Company may apply the proceeds of the exercise of options on issue and the Offer proceeds (including by reallocating working capital) to satisfy the liability if required
Sovereign and Political Risk
Possible sovereign risks associated with operating in Madagascar and Argentina include, without limitation, changes in the terms of mining legislation, changes in the foreign ownership requirements, changes to royalty arrangements, changes to taxation rates and concessions, expropriation by the government or private entities and changes in the ability to enforce legal rights. Government policies are subject to review and changes from time to time. Such changes are likely to be beyond the control of and may affect industry profitability as well as Greenwing’s capacity to explore and mine. At present, Greenwing is not aware of any reviews or changes that would affect its tenements. However, changes in community attitudes on matters such as taxation, competition policy, environment and lands right issues may bring about reviews and possibly changes in government policies. There is a risk that such changes may affect Greenwing’s plans or its rights and obligations in respect of its tenements. Any such government action may also require increased capital or operating expenditures and could prevent or delay certain operations by Greenwing. Any of these factors may, in the future, adversely affect the financial performance of Greenwing and the market price of its shares. No assurance can be given regarding future stability in Madagascar, Argentina or any other country in which Greenwing may, in the future, have an interest.
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