AI assistant
Faraday Copper Corp. — Interim / Quarterly Report 2023
May 9, 2023
47242_rns_2023-05-08_f0ca9e29-4928-4f0f-870c-370e63bc5f60.pdf
Interim / Quarterly Report
Open in viewerOpens in your device viewer

Faraday Copper Corp.
Management Discussion and Analysis
For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
Dated: May 8, 2023

REPORTING PERIOD AND EFFECTIVE DATE
The following management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations ("MD&A") for the three months ended March 31, 2023, prepared as of May 8, 2023, should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (the "annual financial statements") and the unaudited condensed interim consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, (the "interim financial statements") and the related notes thereto of Faraday Copper Corp. (formerly CopperBank Resources Corp.) (the "Company" or "Faraday"). The financial statements have been prepared by management in accordance with International Accounting Standard 34 Interim Financial Reporting using accounting policies consistent with International Financial Reporting Standards, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IFRS"). Other information contained in this document has also, been prepared by management and is consistent with the information contained in the interim financial statements.
The first, second, third, and fourth quarters of the Company's fiscal years are referred to as "Q1", "Q2", "Q3" and "Q4", respectively. All amounts are presented in Canadian dollars, the Company's presentation currency, unless otherwise stated.
Certain statements in this report that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements involving known and unknown risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results to vary considerably from these statements. Readers are cautioned not to put undue reliance on forward-looking statements.
Additional information is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and at the Company's website at www.faradaycopper.com.
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
Faraday was incorporated on October 21, 2014 under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia). The Company's registered office is located at Suite 2400, 745 Thurlow Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6E 0C5. The Company's head office and principal address is located at 250 - 200 Burrard St., Vancouver, British Columbia, V6C 3L6. The Company's shares are traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange ("TSX") under the symbol "FDY", and its principal business is the acquisition and development of resource properties.
On April 20, 2022, the Company formerly approved a name change from CopperBank Resources Corp. to Faraday Copper Corp.
Company Strategy
To create value through the technical advancement and economic viability of our copper projects by:
- Demonstrating leading health, safety, and environmental performance;
- Advancing and optimizing the Company's flagship asset, Copper Creek; and
- Driving awareness and reputation through stakeholder engagements.

Highlights
- Announced results from the Preliminary Economic Assessment ("PEA") and an updated Mineral Resource Estimate ("MRE") on May 3, 2023 which included:
- o Post-tax Net Present Value(7%) of US$713 million and Internal Rate of Return of 16%
- o Updated MRE that had 4.2 billion pounds of copper in the Measured and Indicated categories, and 628 million pounds of copper in the Inferred category.
- Acquired the Mercer cattle ranch for $13.7 million (US$10 million) on March 6, 2023, consisting of approximately 6,000 deeded acres (private land) within 32,000 acres of grazing leases as part of a land consolidation strategy around the Copper Creek Project.
- Completed a bought deal financing on February 14, 2023, for a total of 49,999,700 common shares sold at a price of $0.80 per common share for aggregate gross proceeds to the Company of $39,999,760.
- Announced results for the Copper Creek Project drill programs on March 14, 2023, February 23, 2023, January 31, 2023, and January 17, 2023.
- At Copper Creek Project, continued to advance the project through the ongoing 10,000-metre Phase II drill program, baseline environmental data collection, stakeholder mapping, and continuing generative exploration study to provide a pipeline of future targets through ongoing geological mapping and recently reprocessed and newly acquired geophysical data.
Upcoming Milestones
• Q4 2023 – Initiate Phase III drill program at Copper Creek
QUALIFIED PERSONS
The scientific and technical information contained in this MD&A has been reviewed and approved by Thomas Bissig, P. Geo, VP Exploration and Zach Allwright, P. Eng., VP Projects and Evaluations, both a "Qualified Person" as defined under National Instrument 43-101 - Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects ("NI 43-101").
RESOURCE PROPERTIES
As of March 31, 2023, the Company had two resource properties in the United States:
Copper Creek Project
The project is a 100% owned, large copper deposit, located ~80 road km northeast of Tucson, Arizona, and ~25 km northeast of San Manuel, Arizona. The resource area is ~3 km in length and is open in all directions. The property consists of ~65 square km of private land, patented and un-patented mining claims, and state prospecting permits. The area is in a mining friendly and politically stable jurisdiction with extensive infrastructure including power, rail, water, roads, and access to skilled personnel.
The property is in the heart of the prolific southwestern porphyry copper region of North America at the projected intersection of a major northwest belt of copper deposits (Ray, Miami/Globe, Superior/Resolution, Johnson Camp) and a major east-northeast belt of deposits (San Manuel/Kalamazoo, Silver Bell, Lakeshore, Safford, Morenci).
The property hosts an Early Halo style porphyry copper deposit with high-grade, near-surface, breccia-hosted mineralization. Both mineralization types include historical copper/molybdenum mineral resources prepared in accordance with the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum ("CIM") standards. Silver and gold are also present in varying amounts associated with both types of mineralization.
On May 3, 2023, the Company announced the updated MRE (Table 3 & 4) and PEA (Table 1 & 2), which will be filed on SEDAR within 45 days of announcement. The effective date of the MRE is February 9, 2023 and PEA is May 3, 2023. For additional details and information regarding the PEA refer to news release.
The learnings from the geological model and the results from the Phase I drilling provided the framework for the Phase II 10,000 meter diamond drill program, which commenced on October 30, 2022. The focus will be on expanding the mineral resource, improved delineation of high-grade mineralized zones, and reconnaissance drilling on new targets.
With extensive historical exploration, over 200,000 metres of drilling and modest past production, significant exploration upside remains. There are over 400 known breccia occurrences mapped at surface, of which only 35 have been drilled and 17 are included in the MRE.

PEA Overview
The 2023 PEA outlines a low initial capital project that processes approximately 345 million tonnes ("Mt") of mill feed material from a combined open pit and underground operation. The PEA contemplates a 30,000 tonnes per day ("tpd") conventional flotation process plant producing high-quality copper and molybdenum concentrates, with silver by-product credits. The PEA also captures value from an additional 20 Mt of oxide material sourced from pre-strip mining and processed via a heap leach facility utilizing solvent extraction and electrowinning. The PEA does not incorporate any results from the Phase II drill program, which is currently ongoing and expected to conclude near the end of the second quarter of 2023.
Payback of initial capital occurs in Year 4, with the post-tax cash flows funding the expansionary capital, which includes the addition of a molybdenum circuit and development of the underground footprint, both of which commence in Year 3.
Expected future mining is by a contractor-operated conventional truck and shovel method at surface and during underground development (pre-production), transitioning to owner-operated block caving underground method to achieve a base annual mill feed rate of 11.0 Mt (30,000 tpd). Surface mining provides mill feed until Year 11. A four-year open pit ramp down coincides with the underground production ramp-up, achieving steady state production by Year 12 and continuing until Year 29. Current mine plan optimization has applied an open pit stockpiling strategy whereby low-grade material mined from the pits will be stockpiled
and processed as supplementary mill feed or fed to the mill at the end of the mine life. The low-grade stockpile peaks at 56.5 Mt, 20.0 Mt of which gets processed as supplementary feed between Years 7 and 11 and the remaining 36.5 Mt processed between Years 28 and 32.
The base annual throughput would be primarily sulphide material, with some transitional material mined from the open pits. Oxide material recovered near surface in the early years of the anticipated mine life will be segregated and processed separately in a heap leach facility, in addition to the 11.0 Mt base annual throughput.
The metrics presented below are based on a PEA that includes an economic analysis of the potential viability of Mineral Resources. Mineral Resources that are not Mineral Reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability. This PEA is preliminary in nature, includes Inferred Mineral Resources that are considered too speculative geologically to have the economic considerations applied to them that would enable them to be categorized as Mineral Reserves, and there is no certainty the PEA will be realized. See "Qualified Person and NI 43-101" below.
| Base Case Economics | Unit | Life of Mine |
|---|---|---|
| Post-tax NPV(7%) | US$ millions | $713 |
| Post-tax IRR | % | 15.6% |
| Post-tax Payback Period | Years | 4.1 |
| Post-tax NPV(7%) / Initial Capital | Ratio | 0.9 |
| Initial Capital | US$ millions | $798 |
| Sustaining and Expansion Capital | US$ millions | $1,689 |
| Closure and Reclamation | US$ millions | $170 |
| Economic Assumptions | ||
| Copper | US$/pound | $3.80 |
| Molybdenum | US$/pound | $13.00 |
| Silver | US$/troy ounce | $20.00 |
| Financial Metrics | ||
| Annual Revenue | US$ millions | $428 |
| Annual Operating Costs | US$ millions | $210 |
| Annual EBITDA | US$ millions | $218 |
| Annual Cash Flow (post-tax) | US$ millions | $141 |
Table 1: PEA Economic Highlights
Notes to Table 1:
a Averages based on active mining during Years 1 – 29.
b EBITDA is a financial performance measure with no standardized definition under IFRS, defined as "earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization".

Table 2: PEA Operating Highlights
| Operating Statistics | Unit | Average LOM | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mine Life a | Years | 32 | ||
| Tonnes Milled b | Thousand tonnes per annum | 10.8 | ||
| Open Pit Strip Ratio | Ratio | 1.2 | ||
| Payable Production (per year) c, d | ||||
| Copper | Millions of pounds | 106 | ||
| Molybdenum | Millions of pounds | 1.4 | ||
| Silver | Thousands of troy ounces | 324.6 |
Notes to Table 2:
a Mine life includes active mining (Year 1 – 29) and final processing of stockpiles (Year 30 – 32).
b Tonnes milled is exclusive of oxide and is the average over the 32-year life of mine.
c Average annual production considers the period of active mining Years 1 - 29, Year 30 – 32 is processing stockpiles only.
d Based on payability in concentrate of 96.5%, 95% and 98.5% for copper, silver, and molybdenum, respectively. Copper cathode payability of 98% is applied.
Table 3: Combined Open Pit and Underground Mineral Resources Estimate, Copper Creek Project
| Grade | Contained Metal | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Tonnes(Mt) | Cu(%) | Mo(%) | Ag(g/t) | CuEq(%) | Cu(Mlbs) | Mo(Mlbs) | Ag(Moz) | CuEq(Mlbs) |
| Open Pit | |||||||||
| Measured | 67.2 | 0.48 | 0.008 | 1.2 | 0.51 | 710.5 | 12.5 | 2.6 | 751.1 |
| Indicated | 59.9 | 0.31 | 0.008 | 0.6 | 0.33 | 412.9 | 10.1 | 1.1 | 440.5 |
| M&I | 127.1 | 0.40 | 0.008 | 0.9 | 0.43 | 1,123.4 | 22.6 | 3.8 | 1,191.6 |
| Inferred | 48.1 | 0.28 | 0.006 | 0.5 | 0.30 | 298.4 | 6.4 | 0.7 | 316.0 |
| Underground | |||||||||
| Measured | 34.5 | 0.47 | 0.011 | 1.6 | 0.51 | 359.8 | 8.0 | 1.7 | 388.0 |
| Indicated | 260.3 | 0.47 | 0.008 | 1.2 | 0.50 | 2,720.6 | 43.9 | 10.0 | 2,876.8 |
| M&I | 294.8 | 0.47 | 0.008 | 1.2 | 0.50 | 3,080.4 | 52.0 | 11.8 | 3,264.8 |
| Inferred | 35.5 | 0.42 | 0.009 | 0.8 | 0.45 | 329.7 | 7.1 | 0.9 | 353.0 |
| Combined | |||||||||
| Measured | 101.6 | 0.48 | 0.009 | 1.3 | 0.51 | 1,070.3 | 20.5 | 4.4 | 1,139.1 |
| Indicated | 320.2 | 0.44 | 0.008 | 1.1 | 0.47 | 3,133.5 | 54.0 | 11.2 | 3,317.3 |
| M&I | 421.9 | 0.45 | 0.008 | 1.1 | 0.48 | 4,203.8 | 74.6 | 15.5 | 4,456.4 |
| Inferred | 83.6 | 0.34 | 0.007 | 0.6 | 0.36 | 628.2 | 13.4 | 1.7 | 669.0 |
Notes to Table 3 and 4:
- The mineral resources in this estimate were prepared in accordance with the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum ("CIM") Standards on Mineral Resources and Reserves, Definitions and Guidelines (CIM, 2014) prepared by the CIM Standing Committee on Reserve Definitions and adopted by CIM Council.
- Mineral Resource (MRE) copper equivalent ("CuEq") values are calculated using commodity type and price, considering the relevant preliminary recovery rate based on domain. For example, sulphide CuEq = [(Cu grade/100 * 0.92 Cu recovery * 2,204.62 * $3.80) + (Mo grade/100 * 0.78 Mo recovery * 2,204.62 * $13.00) + (Ag grade * 0.50 Ag recovery * $20.00/31.10348)]/(0.92 Cu recovery * 2,204.62 * $3.80) * 100.
- Pit shell constrained resources with Reasonable Prospect for Eventual Economic Extraction ("RPEEE") are stated as contained within estimation domains defined by the following cut-off grade ("COG"): 0.13% CuEq for oxide material, 0.14% CuEq for transitional material, and 0.13% CuEq for sulphide material. Pit shells are based on an assumed copper price of $3.80/lb, assumed molybdenum price of $13.00/lb, assumed silver price of $20.00/oz, and overall slope angle of 47 degrees based on preliminary geotechnical data. Operating cost assumptions include open pit mining cost of $2.25/t, processing cost of $7.60/t for milling transitional and sulphide material, $4.56/t for oxide processing, general and administrative ("G&A") costs of $1.00/t, and treatment charges and refining charges ("TCRC") and freight costs dependent on product and material type.
- Underground constrained resources with RPEEE are stated as contained within estimation domains above 0.31% CuEq COG. Underground bulk mining footprints are based on an assumed copper price of $3.80/lb, assumed molybdenum price of $13.00/lb, assumed silver price of $20.00/oz, underground mining cost of $7.30/t, processing cost of $7.60/t, G&A costs of $1.00/t, and TCRC and freight costs of $6.50/t. Cave footprint optimization was completed in Geovia's Footprint Finder software and applied a 700 m maximum height of draw.
- Average bulk density assigned by domain is as follows: 2.47 grams per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) for all near-surface breccias, 2.60 g/cm3 for the deeper Mammoth and Keel breccias, porphyry mineralization, and all other areas outside of breccias.
- Preliminary variable metallurgical recovery by metal and domain are considered for CuEq as follows: copper recovery of 92%, 85%, and 60% within sulphide, transitional, and oxide material, respectively; molybdenum recovery of 78% and 68% for sulphide and transitional material, respectively; and silver recovery of 50% and 40% for sulphide and transitional material, respectively.

- Mineral resources are not mineral reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability. There is no certainty that all or any part of the mineral resources will be converted into mineral reserves in the future. The estimate of mineral resources may be materially affected by environmental permitting, legal, title, taxation, socio-political, marketing, or other relevant issues.
- All quantities are rounded to the appropriate number of significant figures; consequently, sums may not add up due to rounding.
The near-surface mineralized breccias were subjected to partial in-situ oxidization that transformed part of the sulphides into secondary copper oxides. Three domains are recognized within the open pit resource, referred to as Oxide, Transitional, and Sulphide. The underground resources stated in Table 3 are comprised of only sulphide mineralization. The Copper Creek open pit Mineral Resources are reported by domain in Table 4.
| Grade | Contained Metal | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Domain | Tonnes (Mt) | Cu | Mo | Ag | CuEq | Cu | Mo | Ag | CuEq |
| (%) | (%) | (g/t) | (%) | (Mlbs) | (Mlbs) | (Moz) | (Mlbs) | |||
| Oxide | 5.9 | 0.36 | 0.006 | 0.9 | 0.36 | 47.0 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 47.0 | |
| Transitional | 11.0 | 0.42 | 0.006 | 0.8 | 0.44 | 101.6 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 106.4 | |
| Measured | Sulphide | 50.3 | 0.51 | 0.009 | 1.3 | 0.54 | 561.9 | 10.2 | 2.2 | 597.7 |
| Total | 67.2 | 0.48 | 0.008 | 1.2 | 0.51 | 710.5 | 12.5 | 2.6 | 751.1 | |
| Oxide | 7.1 | 0.29 | 0.009 | 0.6 | 0.29 | 45.7 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 45.7 | |
| Transitional | 10.8 | 0.31 | 0.008 | 0.6 | 0.34 | 74.4 | 1.8 | 0.2 | 80.0 | |
| Indicated | Sulphide | 42.1 | 0.32 | 0.007 | 0.6 | 0.34 | 292.8 | 6.8 | 0.8 | 314.8 |
| Total | 59.9 | 0.31 | 0.008 | 0.6 | 0.33 | 412.9 | 10.1 | 1.1 | 440.5 | |
| Oxide | 13.0 | 0.32 | 0.008 | 0.8 | 0.32 | 92.7 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 92.7 | |
| Transitional | 21.7 | 0.37 | 0.007 | 0.7 | 0.39 | 176.0 | 3.3 | 0.5 | 186.4 | |
| M&I | Sulphide | 92.3 | 0.42 | 0.008 | 1.0 | 0.45 | 854.7 | 17.0 | 2.9 | 912.6 |
| Total | 127.1 | 0.40 | 0.008 | 0.9 | 0.43 | 1,123.4 | 22.6 | 3.8 | 1,191.6 | |
| Oxide | 8.1 | 0.25 | 0.005 | 0.4 | 0.25 | 44.3 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 44.3 | |
| Transitional | 12.6 | 0.30 | 0.005 | 0.4 | 0.32 | 84.0 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 88.1 | |
| Inferred | Sulphide | 27.5 | 0.28 | 0.007 | 0.5 | 0.30 | 170.2 | 4.2 | 0.5 | 183.7 |
| Total | 48.1 | 0.28 | 0.006 | 0.5 | 0.30 | 298.4 | 6.4 | 0.7 | 316.0 |
Table 4: Open Pit Mineral Resources Estimate by Domain, Copper Creek Project
Notes to Table 3 & 4:
Contact Copper Project
The project is a 100% owned, copper oxide project located in Elko County, Nevada. The project is located west of the town of Contact, Nevada. U.S. Highway 93 traverses the east side of the project along with a 138 KV transmission line, between the towns of Wells and Jackpot, Nevada. The property consists of approximately 2,650 acres in 155 patented claims and 3,285 acres in 219 unpatented claims.
Copper mineralization occurs as an intrusive-related deposit within a granodiorite batholith and is observed in quartz veins within structural zones and in the surrounding intrusion. The copper content is highest in the quartz veins, particularly where chalcocite is present, but grades outward into granodiorite where copper minerals occur in quartz veinlets, fracture coatings and disseminations. Mineralization is in the form of tenorite, chrysocolla and cuprite, and lesser chalcocite and covellite. In addition, skarn mineralization potential exists at the contact of the granodiorite to the Paleozoic sedimentary rocks.
The historic MRE and technical study were published in a technical report titled "NI 43-101 Pre-Feasibility Study on the Contact Copper Project" prepared for Enexco International Ltd. by Hard Rock Consultants LLC, published October 1, 2013.
There is expected to be exploration upside with several targets that have not been drill tested including Copper Ridge. The Copper Ridge zone features oxide copper mineralization with grab samples containing up to 12.4% copper.
Currently, the Company has made a strategic decision to focus on advancement of the Copper Creek Project.

USE OF PROCEEDS
On February 14, 2023, the Company closed a bought deal financing and issued 49,999,700 common shares at a price of $0.80 per share for gross proceeds of $39,999,760. On May 5, 2022, the Company closed a non-brokered private placement of common shares for aggregate gross proceeds of C$20,000,000 at a price of C$0.80 per common share, together (the "Offerings").
The Company intends to use the gross proceeds from the Offerings to advance the Company's Copper Creek and Contact Copper exploration projects, as well as for general working capital purposes, as estimated below.
| February 2,2023 | |
|---|---|
| $ | |
| Total proceeds | 39,999,760 |
| Expected allocation of net proceeds: | |
| Underwriter fees and expenses | 1,749,988 |
| Ranch Acquisition* | 13,350,000 |
| Advancement of the Copper Creek Project* | 19,899,772 |
| General working capital expenses | 5,000,000 |
Notes:
* Compared to amounts previously disclosed in the Management Discussion and Analysis for the period ended December 31, 2022, the expected allocation of net proceeds related to the Ranch acquisition has increased by $350,000 to reflect final amounts incurred, with a corresponding decrease of $350,000 related to the Advancement of the Copper Creek Project.
| May 5,2022 | |
|---|---|
| $ | |
| Total proceeds | 20,000,000 |
| Expected allocation of proceeds: | |
| Copper Creek expenditures | 16,250,000 |
| Contact Copper expenditures | 1,000,000 |
| General working capital expenses | 2,750,000 |
Considering the current uncertainty as to the general market and competitive conditions, the Company continues to maintain its fiscally responsible approach to its mineral exploration activities. In particular, the Company continues to evaluate market conditions on an ongoing basis, with the goal of, among other things: (i) identifying the appropriate time to initiate certain business objectives, and (ii) exploring potential alternative, viable opportunities to further develop and expand the Company's business.
As such, the Company notes that there may be circumstances where, for sound business reasons, the Company may be required to reallocate funds, including due to demands for shifting focus or investment in mining exploration and/or development activities, requirements for accelerating, increasing, reducing, or eliminating initiatives in response to changes in market, regulations and/or developments in the mining sector generally and in the price of copper, unexpected setbacks, and strategic opportunities, such as partnerships, strategic partners, joint ventures, mergers, acquisitions, and other opportunities.

SUMMARY OF QUARTERLY RESULTS
All the Company's resource properties are in the exploration stage. The Company has not had revenue from inception and does not expect to have revenue in the near future. The Company's operating results are not seasonal in nature and have been mainly related to the amount of exploration activities in each quarter. The Company's quarterly performance in the latest four quarters is as follows:
| Q1 2023 | Q4 2022 | Q3 2022 | Q2 2022 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| $ | $ | $ | $ | |
| Net loss | 7,167,959 | 5,211,558 | 5,490,614 | 6,603,853 |
| Loss per share | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.06 |
| Q1 2022 | Q4 2021 | Q3 2021 | Q2 2021 | |
| $ | ||||
| 452,998 | ||||
| Loss per share | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Net loss | $4,025,997 | $3,608,891 | $1,036,301 |
Loss per Share - Basic and Diluted
The Company's quarterly historical results are not subject to seasonality. The loss during the quarter ended March 31, 2023, was higher than average as the Company has increased exploration and evaluation expenses to $5,239,030, related to the increase activity related to Copper Creek.
Performance Summary
| Three months ended | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Notes | 2023 | 2022* | |
| $ | $ | ||
| Operating expenses | |||
| Amortization | 27,720 | 7,921 | |
| Consulting and management fees | (a) | 181,000 | 13,000 |
| Exploration and evaluation expenses | (b) | 5,239,030 | 2,496,962 |
| General and administration | (c) | 880,029 | 362,007 |
| Professional fees | 146,420 | 70,534 | |
| Promotion, advertisement, shareholder relations | 84,008 | 39,061 | |
| Share-based compensation | (d) | 690,083 | 1,006,290 |
| Travel | 97,213 | 34,167 | |
| 7,345,503 | 4,029,942 | ||
| Other income | |||
| Interest income | (177,544) | (3,945) | |
| (177,544) | (3,945) | ||
| Net loss | 7,167,959 | 4,025,997 |
Notes:
* Certain comparative amounts were restated due to a change in accounting policy, refer "Change in Accounting Policy" section.
- a) Consulting and management fees are higher during 2023, primarily due to advisory fees associated with the Company's strategy and financing.
- b) Exploration and evaluation expenses are higher during 2023, due to $1,588,574 increase in exploration, geological and laboratory costs primarily as drilling was ongoing for the full quarter in 2023, $445,222 increase in engineering and study costs related to the Preliminary Economic Assessment and updated Mineral Resource Estimate, $264,213 increase in payroll costs with more personnel in 2023, $249,196 increase in legal fees related to due diligence and closing of the ranch acquisition, $114,991 increase in environmental, social, and governance costs, and a $121,816 increase in permit maintenance, land access, and other costs.

- c) General and administration costs are higher during 2023, primarily due to the overall higher activity levels of the Company and increase in personnel levels compared to 2022.
- d) Share-based compensation expenses are lower during 2023, primarily due to the number of units vesting in the period and fluctuations in the Company's share price, which is a significant driver of the expense calculation.
CASH FLOW
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, cash used in operating activities was $7,922,544 (2022 - $2,637,637), cash used in investing activities was $13,538,439 (2022 - $91,443), and cash provided by financing activities was $39,174,354 (2022 - $103,000).
Cash used in investing activities was primarily related to the acquisition of the ranch on March 6, 2023.
LIQUIDITY, CAPITAL RESOURCES, AND GOING CONCERN
The Company is a resource exploration stage company and does not generate any revenue and has been mainly relying on equity- based financing to fund its operations. As at March 31, 2023, the Company had a net working capital of $26,327,806 (December 31, 2022 - $6,642,161). The Company will need to raise additional funding to finance its day-to-day operations and to enable the Company to achieve its long-term business objectives. On February 2, 2023, the Company completed an equitybased financing of $39,999,760 to fund its operations.
The Company will require additional financing either through equity or debt financing, sale of assets, joint venture arrangements, or a combination thereof to meet its administrative costs and to continue to explore and develop its resource properties. There is no assurance that sufficient future funding will be available on a timely basis or on terms acceptable to the Company. As such, there is a material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The Company has entered into the following related party transactions during the years ended December 31, 2022:
Key Management Personnel
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the company incurred the following transactions with key management personnel, being the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Vice President Studies & Evaluations, and Vice President of Exploration; as well as the directors of the Company.
A summary of the Company's related party transactions for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, is as follows:
| 2023 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|
| $ | $ | |
| Director fees | 42,000 | - |
| Salaries and other compensation | 440,975 | 200,522 |
| Share-based payments | 434,712 | 747,331 |
| 917,687 | 947,853 |
As at March 31, 2023, amount due to related parties comprised of amounts owing to key management members and directors totaling $211,225 (December 31, 2022 - $775,480). Due to related parties has the same terms as the Company's accounts payable and accrued liabilities, which is unsecured and non-interest-bearing and with no specific terms.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as at March 31, 2023 or at the date of this MD&A.
PROPOSED TRANSACTIONS
The Company has no undisclosed proposed transactions as at March 31, 2023 or at the date of this MD&A.

CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING POLICY
Effective January 1, 2023, the Company changed its accounting policy of capitalizing all exploration and evaluation expenditures in accordance with IFRS 6 - Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources. The Company believes that expensing post acquisition exploration and evaluation costs as incurred provides more reliable and relevant financial information to the users of its financial statements, aligning it policy with the jurisdiction of the resource properties, its significant investors, and the accounting policies of its peers. Under the new policy, the cost of acquiring prospective properties and exploration rights continue to be capitalized. Exploration and evaluation costs, subsequent to acquisition, are expensed until it has been established that a resource property is technically feasible and commercially viable and a mine development decision has been made by the Company. Thereafter, the Company will capitalize expenditures subsequently incurred to develop the mine, prior to the start of mining operations.
The Company has applied accounting policies consistent with the accounting policies year ended December 31, 2022 for all the periods presented except for the change in the accounting policy of capitalizing all exploration an evaluation expenditures.
The Company has applied the change in accounting policy on a retrospective basis and has therefore restated its 2022 comparatives as follows:
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
| As previously | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| As at December 31, 2022 | reported | Adjustment | Restated |
| $ | $ | $ | |
| Non-current assets | |||
| Resource properties | 20,497,040 | (15,541,712) | 4,955,328 |
| Shareholders' equity | |||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | 4,751,864 | (577,166) | 4,174,698 |
| Deficit | (41,995,660) | (14,964,546) | (56,960,206) |
| As previously | |||
| As at January 1, 2022 | reported | Adjustment | Restated |
| $ | $ | $ | |
| Non-current assets | |||
| Resource properties | 6,664,736 | (1,709,408) | 4,955,328 |
| Shareholders' equity | |||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | 3,045,718 | - | 3,045,718 |
| Deficit | (41,995,660) | (1,709,408) | (43,705,068) |
Statements of Loss and Comprehensive Loss
| As previously | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| For the three months ended March 31, 2022 | reported | Adjustment | Restated |
| $ | $ | $ | |
| Exploration and evaluation expense | - | 2,496,962 | 2,496,962 |
| Exchange gain (loss) on translating foreign operations | (120,736) | 97,070 | (23,666) |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
| As previously | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| For the three months ended March 31, 2022 | reported | Adjustment | Restated |
| $ | $ | $ | |
| Cash used in operating activities | 254,866 | (2,892,503) | (2,637,637) |
| Cash used in investing activities | (2,983,946) | 2,892,503 | (91,443) |
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity
| As previously | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| For the three months ended March 31, 2022 | reported | Adjustment | Restated |
| $ | $ | $ | |
| Change in accounting policy | - | (1,709,408) | (1,709,408) |
| Currency translation adjustment | 120,736 | (97,070) | 23,666 |
| Net loss for the period | (1,529,035) | (2,496,962) | (4,025,997) |
| Balance, March 31, 2022 | 10,203,479 | (4,303,440) | 5,900,039 |
| Currency translation adjustment | (1,585,410) | (480,096) | (2,065,506) |
| Net loss for the period | 6,547,849 | (10,758,176) | (4,210,327) |
| Balance, December 31, 2022 | (28,962,507) | (15,541,712) | (44,504,219) |
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Company's financial instruments are exposed to several financial and market risks, including credit, interest rate, and liquidity risks. The Company may, or may not, establish from time-to-time active policies to manage these risks. The Company does not currently have in place any active hedging or derivative trading policies to manage these risks since the Company's management does not believe that the current size, scale, and pattern of cash flow of its operations would warrant such hedging activities. There was no change in the management of the financial risks compared to the recent three months March 31, 2023.
CREDIT RISK
Credit risk is the risk of potential loss to the Company if the counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations.
The financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a significant concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents. The Company mitigates its exposure to credit loss associated with cash and cash equivalents by placing its cash and cash equivalents in major financial institutions. As at March 31, 2023, the Company had cash equivalents of $24,552,633 in term deposits (December 31, 2022 - $7,774,324) that are redeemable within 90 days and bear interest up to 5.00%. Interest income on term deposits during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $177,544 (2022 - $3,945).
LIQUIDITY RISK
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company may be unable to meet its financial obligations as they fall due or that it will be required to meet them at excessive cost. The Company reviews its working capital position regularly to ensure there is sufficient capital to meet short-term business requirements, after considering the Company's holdings of cash. The Company's cash is invested in business accounts, which are available on demand. The Company manages its liquidity risk mainly through raising funds from private placements and from related parties.
The Company's operating cash requirements are continuously monitored and adjusted as input variables change. As these variables change, liquidity risks may necessitate the need for the Company to pursue equity issuances, obtain project or debt financing, or enter into joint venture arrangements. There is no assurance that the necessary financing will be available in a timely manner or at a reasonable cost.
INTEREST RATE RISK
Interest rate risk is the risk that the Company is exposed to the risk that the value of financial instruments will change due to movements in market interest rates. As of March 31, 2023, the Company did not have debt instruments exposed to variable interest rate. The risk is not significant.

FOREIGN CURRENCY RISK
Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value of the Company's assets and liabilities will fluctuate due to changes in foreign exchange rates.
The Company is exposed to foreign currency risk to the extent that monetary assets and liabilities held by the Company are not denominated in its functional currency. The Company does not manage currency risk through hedging or other currency management tools.
A summary of the Company's financial assets and liabilities that are denominated in US dollar as at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, is as follows:
| March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US$ | $ | US$ | $ | |
| Cash | 2,332,938 | 3,190,060 | 3,272,112 | 4,431,748 |
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | (941,052) | (1,286,795) | (1,238,253) | (1,677,090) |
| Net financial liabilities | 1,391,886 | 1,903,265 | 2,033,859 | 2,754,658 |
A 5% change in the US dollar against the Canadian dollar at March 31, 2023 would result in a $95,163 impact to the Company.
FAIR VALUE
Financial assets and liabilities that are recognized on the statement of financial position at fair value can be classified in a hierarchy that is based on the significance of the inputs used in making the measurements. The levels in the hierarchy are:
Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (that is, as prices) or indirectly (that is, derived from prices); and
Level 3 - Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (that is, unobservable inputs).
The Company's financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, other receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and due to related parties, which are classified as financial assets and liabilities held at amortized cost, respectively.The fair values of these financial instruments approximate their carrying value due to their short-term nature.
OUTSTANDING SHARE DATA
As of the date of this MD&A, the Company has 175,309,891 common shares outstanding.
RISK FACTORS
For a detailed listing of the risk factors faced by the Company, please refer to the Company's MD&A for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

NON-IFRS AND OTHER FINANCIAL MEASURES
This MD&A makes reference to certain financial measures, including non-IFRS measures that are forward-looking, non-GAAP ratios and supplementary financial measures. Management uses these financial measures for purposes of comparison to prior periods and development of future projections and earnings growth prospects. This information is also used by management to measure the profitability of ongoing operations and in analyzing our business performance and trends. These measures are not recognized measures under IFRS, do not have a standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and are therefore unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. Rather, these measures are provided as additional information to complement those IFRS measures by providing further understanding of our results of operations from management's perspective. Accordingly, they should not be considered in isolation nor as a substitute for analysis of our financial information reported under IFRS.
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements contained in this MD&A constitute "forward-looking statements". These statements relate to future events or the Company's future performance, business prospects or opportunities. All statements other than statements of historical fact may be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are often, but not always, identified by the use of words such as "seek", "anticipate", "plan", "continue", "estimate", "expect", "may", "project", "predict", "potential", "targeting", "intend", "could", "might", "should", "believe" and similar expressions. Information concerning the interpretation of drill results, mineral resource and reserve estimates and capital cost estimates may also be deemed as forward-looking statements as such information constitutes a prediction of what mineralization might be found to be present and how much capital will be required if and when a project is actually developed. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results or events to differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements. The Company believes that the expectations reflected in those forward-looking statements are reasonable, but no assurance can be given that these expectations will prove to be correct and such forward-looking statements included in this MD&A should not berelied upon. In particular this MD&A contains forward looking statements pertaining to the expected mine life for Copper Creek, the expected production during active mining, the expected construction timing, the low operating cost profile, the expected high-performance metallurgical recoveries, the anticipated exploration upside and the intended use of proceeds from the Company's private placement offering. These statements speak only as of the date of this MD&A. Actual results and developments are likely to differ, and may differ materially, from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements contained in this MD&A. Such statements are based on a number of assumptions which may prove to be incorrect, including, but not limited to, assumptions about:
- permitting and licensing risks;
- public health risks;
- negative cash flow;
- liquidity and financing risks;
- funding risk;
- exploration costs;
- uninsurable risks;
- conflicts of interest;
- government policy changes;
- ownership risks;
- community relations;
- market conditions;
- stress in the global economy;
- current global financial condition;
- exchange rate and currency risks; - commodity prices;
- dilution risk; - general business and economic conditions;
- the supply and demand for, deliveries of, and the level and volatility of prices of copper or other mineral commodities under exploration;
- the availability of financing for the Company's exploration and development projects on reasonable terms;
- the ability to procure equipment and operating supplies in sufficient quantities and on a timely basis;
- the ability to attract and retain skilled staff;
- market competition;
- The accuracy of our resource estimate (including, with respect to size, grade and recoverability) and the geological, operational and price assumptions on which it is based; and
- tax benefits and tax rates.

These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties relating to, among other things, risks related to international operations, actual results of current exploration activities, conclusions of economic evaluations, changes in project parameters as plans continue to be refined, as well as those factors discussed in the section "Risk Factors". Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially include, but are not limited to, the risk factors discussed in the section. The Company cautions that the foregoing list of important factors is not exhaustive. Although the Company has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking statements, there may be otherfactors that cause results not to be as anticipated, estimated or intended. There can be no assurance that such statements will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. The Company does not undertake to update any forward-looking statements that are incorporated by reference herein, except in accordance with applicable securities laws.