Skip to main content

AI assistant

Sign in to chat with this filing

The assistant answers questions, extracts KPIs, and summarises risk factors directly from the filing text.

ZENITH MINERALS LIMITED Management Reports 2014

Sep 8, 2014

66123_rns_2014-09-08_7b41ae97-dabb-41c4-ad1a-ed98d8b57c7e.pdf

Management Reports

Open in viewer

Opens in your device viewer

==> picture [547 x 59] intentionally omitted <==

RESOURCE UPDATE POINTS TO NEW EARAHEEDY

MANGANESE RESOURCE EXTENSION TARGETS

September 9[th] , 2014

HIGHLIGHTS

  • Updated mineral resource for Red Lake Manganese Prospect

  • Additional drilling, revised geological interpretation and new density data leads to greater tonnes and higher manganese grades in high-grade core of the deposit.

  • 50% more tonnes and 10% higher manganese grade at a 25%Mn cut-off.

Activities

Exploration/Development

  • Earaheedy Manganese

  • Kavaklitepe Gold

  • Develin Creek Copper-Zinc

  • My Minnie Gold

  • Mt Alexander Magnetite Iron

Details as at June 2014

Resource Extension Targets

  • Newly identified fault zone coincident with higher-grade manganese zone (500k tonnes @ 25.1% Mn).

  • Fault zone identified in detailed aeromagnetic survey data.

  • Higher-grade manganese zone open to northwest and southeast is now a priority drill target.

Issued Shares 113.1 m Unlisted options 1.1 m Mkt. Cap. ($0.10) A$ 11m Cash Jun 14 A$1.1m Debt Nil

Directors

The Company is pleased to report an updated resource for its 100% owned Red Lake manganese deposit, one of 7 manganese (“Mn”) prospects within its extensive Earaheedy Project landholdings, in Western Australia.

Michael Clifford: Managing Director Mike Joyce: Non Exec Chairman Stan Macdonald: Non Exec Director Julian Goldsworthy: Non Exec Director

The resource was updated for compliance with the 2012 JORC Code, and to incorporate: results from the November 2013 aircore drilling program, new density data and the Company’s new geological interpretation.

The new geological model includes a north-west trending fault zone that is interpreted to control the thicker and higher grade portions of the Red Lake manganese deposit. The recognition of this fault as an important control on Mn mineralisation is a major breakthrough in the geological understanding of the Red Lake deposit and opens up a high potential resource extension target. The fault is coincident with an aeromagnetic low that extends well beyond the current limit of drilling - this area is now a priority target for follow-up.

Major Shareholders

HSBC Custod. Nom 9.3 %
Giralia (Atlas Iron) 9.1%
Miquilini 5.3%
Tilbrook/Grey Willow 5.3%
Nada Granich 4.8%
Yandal Inv. PL 3.0%

Planning is underway for drill testing of the Red Lake resource extension target, as well as the newly discovered Bluegrass and Blue Elbow manganese prospects located approximately 50km to the north of Red Lake. Recent rock chip sampling at Bluegrass returned up to 48.1% Mn (ASX Release dated 12[th] August 2014).

==> picture [41 x 44] intentionally omitted <==

Contact Us: Level 2/33 Ord Street West Perth WA 6005

Mail P O Box 1426 West Perth WA 6872 | Tel: (08) 9226 1110 | Fax: (08) 9481 0411 Email: [email protected] | Web: ww.zenithminerals.com.au

==> picture [547 x 21] intentionally omitted <==

==> picture [48 x 50] intentionally omitted <==

Resource Extension Targets

Re-interpretation of the geology of the Red Lake Manganese Deposit has resulted in identification of a new fault that controls the location of the high-grade manganese zones. The recognition of this fault as an important control on high-grade manganese mineralisation opens up a high potential resource extension target to the northwest and southeast of the existing Red Lake resource (Figure 1). The newly identified zone is now a priority target for followup (Figure 2).

==> picture [461 x 367] intentionally omitted <==

Figure 1: Red Lake Manganese Deposit with Resource Extension Targets (red arrows) - 3D view looking north, (red, green and blue contours show average Mn grades of >20%, >10% and >5% respectively)

==> picture [442 x 346] intentionally omitted <==

==> picture [48 x 50] intentionally omitted <==

Figure 2: Red Lake Manganese Deposit Mn Metal Contours (Purple >100m%Mn, Red > 50m%Mn, Green >20m%Mn and Blue >5m%Mn) with Resource Extension Targets (red arrows) – Overlying Aeromagnetic Image

Resource Update

The updated mineral resource estimate for the Red Lake prospect is: 1.4Mt @ 19.0%Mn at a 10% Mn cut-off grade with a higher grade component of 0.2Mt @ 30.0% Mn at a 25% Mn cut-off grade as presented in Table 1.

The resource is classified under the JORC Code 2012 as Inferred, based on confidence in, and continuity of, the results from the drilling campaigns, and surface mapping. Details of the estimate are included in the attached JORC Code Reporting Criteria Tables 1 - 3.

Table 1: Mineral Resource estimate results for Red Lake Prospect.

Red Lake Mn Mineral Resource estimate as at August 2014 Red Lake Mn Mineral Resource estimate as at August 2014 Red Lake Mn Mineral Resource estimate as at August 2014 Red Lake Mn Mineral Resource estimate as at August 2014 Red Lake Mn Mineral Resource estimate as at August 2014 Red Lake Mn Mineral Resource estimate as at August 2014 Red Lake Mn Mineral Resource estimate as at August 2014 Red Lake Mn Mineral Resource estimate as at August 2014 Red Lake Mn Mineral Resource estimate as at August 2014
Classification Reporting Cut-off Grade Tonnes(Mt) Mn % Fe % Si % Al2O3 % P % S % LOI %
Inferred 25% Mn 0.2 30.0 14.1 13.85 7.9 0.24 0.03 12.1
20% Mn 0.5 25.1 16.1 17.0 8.9 0.25 0.06 11.9
15% Mn 1.1 20.8 17.7 20.5 9.3 0.24 0.17 11.5
10% Mn 1.4 19.0 19.1 20.8 9.6 0.26 0.19 11.4
Note: The CSA Mineral Resource was estimated within constraining wireframe solids based on the specified nominal lower cut-off grade for Mn. The Mineral
Resource is quoted from all blocks above the specified Mn cut-off grade %. Differences may occur due to rounding.

==> picture [48 x 50] intentionally omitted <==

Figure 3 below shows the Red Lake manganese resource adjacent to the newly recognised fault zone, whilst Figure 4 highlights the flat lying, near surface, continuous nature of the Red Lake manganese mineralisation.

==> picture [487 x 262] intentionally omitted <==

Figure 3: Red Lake Resource 3D Wireframes (purple), Fault (maroon-red) and drill traces (black)

==> picture [524 x 268] intentionally omitted <==

Figure 4: Red Lake Resource Cross Section (annotated with significant Mn intercepts)

Forward Program

The Company is planning for drill testing of the Red Lake resource extension target as well as the newly discovered Bluegrass and Blue Elbow manganese prospects, located approximately 50km to the north.

==> picture [48 x 50] intentionally omitted <==

A detailed review of airborne electromagnetic (VTEM) survey data that was acquired as part of the acquisition of Rio Tinto’s licences is also underway by the Company’s geophysical consultants. Preliminary indications are that there appear to be EM responses coincident with the known manganese prospects and that the VTEM system, which is significantly more powerful than the airborne EM system previously flown over Zenith’s Lockeridge manganese prospect, may provide a direct detection technique that Zenith can use to assist in targeting manganese within its extensive highly prospective landholdings. Further details will be provided once the geophysical review has been completed.

BACKGROUND

Zenith was the first mover for manganese in the Proterozoic aged Earaheedy Basin in Western Australia, and has discovered and drill tested several zones of near surface manganese oxide. In 2012 the Company reported the first potential direct shipping ore (“DSO”) grade manganese drill intersections in the Earaheedy Basin and in April 2013 completed a maiden JORC Inferred Resource at the Red Lake deposit, as well as preliminary metallurgical work.

The Proterozoic aged Earaheedy Basin north of Wiluna in WA is a potential new manganese province with similarities to the giant Kalahari manganese field in South Africa. As first mover Zenith established a strong land position with tenements covering ~75 strike km of prospective stratigraphy, subsequently extended to ~130km with the recently acquisition of Rio Tinto’s Earaheedy tenements (Figure 5 ), where recent initial reconnaissance surveying and rock chip sampling identified two new manganese prospects Bluegrass and Blue Elbow with assays up to 48.1%Mn. Zenith’s priority target is high-grade (>40% Mn) manganese oxide formed by weathering or supergene upgrade of primary carbonate manganese.

==> picture [451 x 352] intentionally omitted <==

Figure 5: Earaheedy Project – Tenure and Prospects

==> picture [48 x 50] intentionally omitted <==

Zenith completed the first ever drilling for manganese in the western Earaheedy in late 2010 at the Lockeridge prospect, intersecting a shallow dipping bed of manganese mineralisation extending from surface to 1.2km down dip. Better results from Lockeridge include 12m @ 11.1% Mn from 28m depth, and 3m @ 18.0% Mn from 37m depth. Subsequent drilling returned thick zones of manganese oxide at the Black and Blue prospect; 31m @ 7.9% Mn from surface, incl. 2m @ 17.1 %Mn, 1m @ 22% & 3m @ 14.3 %Mn.

The first DSO grade Mn drill intersections recorded in the Earaheedy Basin were reported by Zenith in 2012 at the Red Lake prospect. Drilling results include; 3m @ 41% Mn (within 5m @ 34.8% Mn from 22m depth), and 3 metres @ 34.8% Mn from 19 metres (ZLRC057), including 1m @ 42.3% Mn.

A maiden resource estimate for the Red Lake prospect was first reported to the ASX on 9 April 2013. This resource has now been updated based on a revised geological interpretation and is now reported under the JORC Code 2012 as per the Resources sections in this ASX release.

Zenith’s priority target in the Earaheedy Basin is high-grade near surface direct shipping (DSO) manganese. In addition to the high-grade DSO manganese intersected in Zenith drilling to date, screening and metallurgical testwork by Zenith shows potential to significantly upgrade the lower grade manganese horizons and further testwork is planned on coarser sample sizes that will better represent manganese material that may be mined.

The Earaheedy project also includes a 30 km long zone of carbonate-hosted zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) mineralisation in the Yelma Formation at the base of the Earaheedy Basin stratigraphy. Broadly spaced drilling by RGC Exploration from 1992 to 1996 defined several prospects containing drill intersections of oxidised and primary Zn-Pb mineralisation, including;

  • Navajoh: 7.3 m @ 6.1 % Zn, 0.77% Pb (incl. 3.3 m @ 11.2% Zn, and 0.93% Pb)

  • Magazine: 5 m @ 5.6% Zn +Pb (incl. 2 m @ 8.2% Zn, 2.8% Pb)

  • Chinook: 6 metres @ 3.63% Pb +Zn.

The information in this report that relates to Exploration Results is based on information compiled by Mr Michael Clifford, who is a Member of the Australian Institute of Geoscientists Mr Clifford has sufficient experience which is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity which he is undertaking to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of the 'Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves'. Mr Clifford consents to the inclusion in the report of the matters based on his information in the form and context in which it appears. The information relating to the Cazaly Resources Blue Cliffs drilling results was prepared and first disclosed to ASX on 27 July 2012 under the JORC Code 2004. It has not been updated since to comply with the JORC Code 2012 on the basis that the information has not materially changed since it was last reported. The Company has advised that it is not aware of any new information or data that materially affects the information included in the 27 July 2012 market announcement, and that all material assumptions and technical parameters underpinning the Exploration results in the 27 July 2012 market announcement continue to apply and have not materially changed. The Company confirms that the form and context in which the Competent Person’s findings are presented have not been materially modified from the original market announcement.

The information in this report that relates to Mineral Resources is based on information compiled by Mr Dmitry Pertel, a Competent Person who is a fulltime employee of CSA Global Pty Ltd and a member of the Australian Institute of Geoscientists (AIG). Mr Pertel has sufficient experience relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity which he is undertaking to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of the “Australasian Code for Reporting of Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves”. Mr Pertel consents to the inclusion of such information in this report in the form and context in which it appears.

==> picture [48 x 50] intentionally omitted <==

About Zenith

Zenith is advancing its project portfolio of high-quality, gold, base metal and manganese projects whilst building a superior project base of high-quality advanced exploration assets:

Kavaklitepe Gold Project, Turkey (ZNC earning 70%)

  • Recent (2013) grass roots gold discovery in Tethyan Belt – (“elephant” terrain)

  • Large, virtually drill-ready, high order gold soil / IP anomaly >1km strike

  • Trenching and drilling (permitting in progress)

Develin Creek Copper-Zinc-Silver-Gold, QLD (ZNC initial 51%, option for 100%)

  • 3 known VHMS massive sulphide deposits with JORC resources, 50km of strike of host volcanics

  • 2011 drilling outside resource; 13.5 metres @ 3.3% copper, 4.0% zinc, 30g/t silver and 0.4g/t gold

  • Drilling to extend known deposits, geophysics, geochemistry to detect new targets

Mt Minnie Gold Project, WA (ZNC 100%)

  • 75km strike of major regional fault. Alteration, geochemistry, rock samples 64.2 and 21.5 g/t Au

  • Initial field assessment to follow-up and extend known prospects

Earaheedy Manganese (and Pb,Zn) Project, WA (ZNC 100%)

  • New manganese province discovered by ZNC, potential DSO drill intersections (+40%Mn)

  • Target area doubled with new acquisitions (RIO tenements, Blue Cliffs).

  • Mapping, sampling, drilling new ground, beneficiation tests, assess geophysical techniques

Mt Alexander Iron Ore, WA (ZNC 100%)

  • JORC magnetite Resource 535 Mt @ 30.0% Fe close to West Pilbara coast, 50% of target untested.

  • Seeking development partner/ buyer for project

Other

  • Divesting Indonesian coal project – Conditional offer received, US$500K +royalty US$1/t

  • Evaluating new project opportunities (acquire at bottom of the cycle)

Zenith Minerals Limited

9[th] September 2014

For further information contact; Directors Michael Clifford or Mike Joyce Phone 08 9226 1110

==> picture [48 x 50] intentionally omitted <==

JORC Code Reporting Criteria (Table 1)

1.1 Section 1: Sampling Techniques and Data

(Criteria in this section apply to all succeeding sections.)

Criteria JORC-Code Explanation Commentary
Sampling
techniques
Nature and quality of sampling (eg cut channels, random chips, or
specific
specialised
industry
standard
measurement
tools
appropriate to the minerals under investigation, such as down hole
gamma sondes, or handheld XRF instruments, etc). These examples
should not be taken as limiting the broad meaning of sampling.
The deposit was sampled using Reverse Circulation (RC)
drill holes over two drilling campaigns and aircore
during one campaign with a nominal 100m x 100m grid
spacing over the Mn mineralised zone of interest. 70 RC
and 10 aircore holes were drilled for a total of 4,470m
(4,092m RC, 378m aircore) in the prospect area. 7 of the
RC holes for 750m were drilled to test for potential Fe
mineralisation to the west of the Mn mineralised area,
whereas 2 aircore holes were drilled form Mn to the
west of the mineralised area. The majority of the holes
were drilled vertically, with the remainder drilled
dipping at approximately 60⁰ mostly towards the north
west or south east.
Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample
representivity and the appropriate calibration of any measurement
tools or systems used.
RC samples were collected by means of a cone or riffle
splitter. Aircore samples were speared from piles on the
ground. Appropriate QAQC protocols were followed,
including submission of field duplicates and insertion of
commercial standards.
Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are Material to
the Public Report. In cases where ‘industry standard’ work has been
done this would be relatively simple (eg ‘reverse circulation drilling
was used to obtain 1 m samples from which 3 kg was pulverised to
produce a 30 g charge for fire assay’). In other cases more
explanation may be required, such as where there is coarse gold
that has inherent sampling problems. Unusual commodities or
mineralisation types (eg submarine nodules) may warrant
disclosure of detailed information.
The RC samples collected averaged about 3kg after
passing through a riffle or rotary cone splitter at 1m
intervals, whereas aircore samples were collected with a
spear and averaged about 2-3kg. Mineralised samples
were kept as 1m samples, whereas non-mineralised
samples were made into 2 or 4 m composites using a
spear. Samples were dispatched to SGS Laboratories
(Perth) where they were dried and pulverised to a
nominal 75µm and assayed by means of X-Ray
Fluorescence (XRF)
Drilling techniques Drill type (eg core, reverse circulation, open-hole hammer, rotary
air blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and details (eg core diameter,
triple or standard tube, depth of diamond tails, face-sampling bit or
other type, whether core is oriented and if so, by what method,
etc).
RC drilling used 5 ½ inch diameter face sampling
hammer with hole depths ranging from 10m to 148m.
Aircore drilling used aircore blade, as well as aircore and
RC face sampling hammer with hole depth ranging from
12 to 47m.
Drill
sample
recovery
Method of recording and assessing core and chip sample recoveries
and results assessed.
Sample recovery was visually assessed and was
considered to be acceptable within the mineralised
zones.
Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and ensure
representative nature of the samples.
During the first drill programme, water injection was
used in the transition between weathered clays and
more competent rock near the standing water table
(typically 25-35m depth) for the purpose of maximising
sample recovery in that interval. A cyclone and splitter
were used to provide a uniform sample and these were
routinely cleaned. Aircore cyclone was routinely
cleaned.
Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery and grade
and whether sample bias may have occurred due to preferential
loss/gain of fine/coarse material.
This will need to be assessed once additional work is
done by means of diamond core twin drilling, but at this
stage no significant bias is expected, and is not
considered material at this stage of resource
development.

==> picture [48 x 50] intentionally omitted <==

Criteria JORC-Code Explanation Commentary
Logging Whether core and chip samples have been geologically and
geotechnically logged to a level of detail to support appropriate
Mineral Resource estimation, mining studies and metallurgical
studies.
Detailed logging of drill chips was undertaken through
the entire hole at 1m intervals, with record kept of
colour, lithology, degree of oxidation, water table etc.
The drill holes were relogged at a later date to ensure
consistency between geologists and drill programmes.
Chip trays have been stored in Perth for future
reference.
Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. Core (or
costean, channel, etc) photography.
The RC chip logging included records of lithology,
oxidation state, colour, mineralisation, alteration and
veins.
The total length and percentage of the relevant intersections
logged.
All drill holes were logged in full.
Sub-sampling
techniques
and
sample
preparation
If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or all core
taken.
No core drilling to date
If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc and
whether sampled wet or dry.
RC samples were rotary and riffle split, aircore samples
were collect with a spear. Most samples were dry to
damp (near water table). Deeper samples outside the
mineralisation zone were in places wet.
For all sample types, the nature, quality and appropriateness of the
sample preparation technique.
Sample prep was by drying, then pulverizing to 90%
passing 75µm using a Labtech Essa LM5 pulveriser.
Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling stages to
maximise representivity of samples.
Field QAQC procedures included the insertion of field
duplicates at the rate of roughly 2 duplicates per hole
(about 1 every 26 samples), and commercial standards
at a rate of roughly 1 standard per hole (about 1 per 29
samples) for RC. For aircore, one QAQC sample
(alternatively
field
duplicate
or
standard)
was
introduced every 10 samples.
Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is representative of
the in situ material collected, including for instance results for field
duplicate/second-half sampling.
2 RC duplicate holes were drilled to test close range
continuity of mineralisation and stratigraphy, and were
drilled from the same pad as a vertical hole but dipping
60⁰ toward the north west and the south. The hole
dipping to the south did demonstrate continuity but the
hole dipping toward the north west failed to encounter
any Mn oxides. Water injection was used in a hole to
facilitate drilling through a clayey Mn zone and a
duplicate hole was drilled off the same pad without
water injection to ensure water injection would not be
up or down grading the mineralisation. The results
suggest that the geological variability outweighs any
bias that may arise from the use of water injection.
Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of the
material being sampled.
Sample sizes are considered to be appropriate to
accurately represent the Mn oxide mineralisation at Red
Lake based on the thickness and consistency of the
intersections, the sampling methodology and the
percent value assay ranges for the primary elements.
Quality of assay
data
and
laboratory tests
The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying and
laboratory procedures used and whether the technique is
considered partial or total.
The analytical technique used X-Ray fluorescence.
Results provide the total contained amount of each
element in the suite.
For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF instruments,
etc, the parameters used in determining the analysis including
instrument make and model, reading times, calibrations factors
applied and their derivation, etc.
No geophysical tools were used to determine any
element concentrations used in this resource estimate.

==> picture [48 x 50] intentionally omitted <==

Criteria JORC-Code Explanation Commentary
Nature of quality control procedures adopted (eg standards,
blanks, duplicates, external laboratory checks) and whether
acceptable levels of accuracy (ie lack of bias) and precision have
been established.
Field QAQC procedures included the insertion of field
duplicates at the rate of roughly 1 duplicate per 26
samples, and commercial standards at a rate of roughly
1 standard per 29 samples for RC and about 1 field
duplicate or standard every 10 samples for aircore.
Assay results from field duplicates, and standards have
been satisfactory demonstrating acceptable levels of
accuracy and precision. Pulp samples have been sent for
umpire assay and returned satisfactory results. Internal
laboratory duplicates, repeats and standards show
acceptable repeatability and precision.
Verification
of
sampling
and
assaying
The verification of significant intersections by either independent or
alternative company personnel.
A CSA Global geologist was responsible for managing
the infill drilling program under taken in late 2012.
Duties included chip logging and management of
sampling.
The use of twinned holes. 2 RC duplicate holes were drilled to test close range
continuity of mineralisation and stratigraphy, and were
drilled from the same pad as a vertical hole but dipping
60⁰ toward the north west and the south. The hole
dipping to the south did demonstrate continuity but the
hole dipping toward the north west failed to encounter
any Mn oxides. Water injection was used in a few holes
to facilitate drilling through clay zones and a duplicate
hole was drilled a few metres away from one of these
holes without water injection to ensure water injection
would not be up or down grading the mineralisation.
Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, data
verification, data storage (physical and electronic) protocols.
Field data were all recorded on hardcopies (geological
logging, sampling intervals, using a set of standard
Excel templates, then manually entered into excel
spreadsheets. Data were then sent to Maxwell
Geoservices for storage into a relational database.
Assay files were sent to Maxwell Geoservices upon
receival from the laboratories. Validation of data was
performed by Maxwell Geoservices.
Discuss any adjustment to assay data. No adjustments were made, other than for values below
the assay detection limit which have been entered as
the negative of the detection limit
Location of data
points
Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes (collar and
down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings and other locations
used in Mineral Resource estimation.
Drillhole collars were surveyed by handheld GPS with
horizontal accuracies of about 5m.At the time of
modelling the majority of the angled RC drill holes had a
downhole survey point at the end of hole taken by
means of a single shot Eastman camera tool by the
drilling contractor. None of the vertical holes have had a
downhole survey completed. Due to the shallow depth
of the vertical drilling and the Mn mineralised zone of
interest, no material effect on the interpreted
mineralisation volume is expected by any possible
deviation.
Specification of the grid system used. The grid system is MGA_GDA94 Zone 51
Quality and adequacy of topographic control. The topographic surface has been generated from 5m
topographic contours obtained during an aeromagnetic
survey completed in 2007 by Fugro. All collar locations
have been picked up by means of hand held GPS with
elevations corrected to the topographic surface. No
material effect on total mineralised volume is expected
due to the relatively flat lying mineralisation and
topography over the zone of interest.

==> picture [48 x 50] intentionally omitted <==

Criteria JORC-Code Explanation Commentary
Data spacing and
distribution
Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results. The nominal drill spacing is 100m x 100m over the infill
drilled resource area, extending to a nominal 200m x
200m over the broader exploration drilling area.
Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient to establish
the degree of geological and grade continuity appropriate for the
Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and
classifications applied.
The data spacing and distribution is sufficient to
demonstrate spatial and grade continuity of the
mineralised horizon to support the definition of Inferred
Mineral Resources under the 2012 JORC code.
Whether sample compositing has been applied. No sample compositing has been applied in the
estimation stage as all samples within the mineralised
zone were taken at 1m intervals.
Orientation
of
data in relation to
geological
structure
Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased sampling of
possible structures and the extent to which this is known,
considering the deposit type.
Drilling sections are orientated North West to South
East with respect to grid north. This orientation is
roughly perpendicular to the interpreted open anticlinal
structure forming the mineralised area. The majority of
the drilling is vertical, appropriate for testing the
relatively flat lying mineralised zone. No diamond
drilling has yet been completed so no structural logging
has been done.
If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the
orientation of key mineralised structures is considered to have
introduced a sampling bias, this should be assessed and reported if
material.
No drilling orientation related sampling bias has been
identified in the data to this point: the subhorizontal
mineralisation tested by 60 degree holes is not expected
to show significant bias
Sample security The measures taken to ensure sample security. Chain of Custody is managed by Zenith. Samples are
stored on site and delivered to the assay laboratory in
Perth by Toll Ipec. Samples submission sheets are in
place to track the progress of every batch of samples.
Audits or reviews The results of any audits or reviews of sampling techniques and
data.
Sampling techniques are consistent with industry
standards. Consistency of data was validated by
Maxwell Geoservices while loading into the database
(Depth from < Depth to; interval is within hole depth,
check for overlapping samples or intervals, etc.). Any
data which fails the database constraints and cannot be
loaded is returned to Zenith for validation, etc.). Global
consistency was also checked later on by plotting
sections using the database and reconciling assays
against geology.

==> picture [48 x 50] intentionally omitted <==

1.2 Section 2: Reporting of Exploration Results

(Criteria listed in the preceding section also apply to this section.)

Criteria JORC-Code Explanation Commentary
Mineral tenement
and land tenure
status
Type, reference name/number, location and ownership including
agreements or material issues with third parties such as joint
ventures, partnerships, overriding royalties, native title interests,
historical sites, wilderness or national park and environmental
settings.
The deposit is located within the 100% Zenith owned
exploration licence E69/2733. Zenith has signed heritage
agreement with the Wiluna People whose Native Title
claim WAD6164/98 covers this tenement. The prospect is
located within the Cunyu Pastoral Lease.
The security of the tenure held at the time of reporting along with
any known impediments to obtaining a licence to operate in the
area.
The tenement is in good standing with no known
impediment to future granting of a mining lease
Exploration done
by other parties
Acknowledgment and appraisal of exploration by other parties. The tenement has not been explored for Mn in the past,
although anomalous Mn values were returned in RC
drilling during base metal exploration by RGC.
Geology Deposit type, geological setting and style of mineralisation. The deposit comprises stratiform manganese oxide
derived from weathering of a manganiferous carbonate
sediment
in
a
sabkha
environment,
or
from
replacement/infill of a permeable sediment during a
hydrothermal event, or possibly a combination of both.
There appears to be a structural influence on the location
of the deposit.
Drill hole
Information
A summary of all information material to the understanding of the
exploration results including a tabulation of the following
information for all Material drill holes:
In the company’s opinion this material has been
adequately reported in previous announcements and the
detail is not relevant for reporting of Mineral Resources

easting and northing of the drill hole collar

elevation or RL (Reduced Level – elevation above sea level
in metres) of the drill hole collar

dip and azimuth of the hole

down hole length and interception depth

hole length.
If the exclusion of this information is justified on the basis that the
information is not Material and this exclusion does not detract from
the understanding of the report, the Competent Person should
clearly explain why this is the case.
Data aggregation
methods
In reporting Exploration Results, weighting averaging techniques,
maximum and/or minimum grade truncations (eg cutting of high
grades) and cut-off grades are usually Material and should be
stated.
No weight averaging was required as all relevant
intercepts are 1m composite samples. Cut-off grade are
discussed in the relevant part of section 3 of this table.
Where aggregate intercepts incorporate short lengths of high grade
results and longer lengths of low grade results, the procedure used
for such aggregation should be stated and some typical examples
of such aggregations should be shown in detail.
Not applicable
The assumptions used for any reporting of metal equivalent values
should be clearly stated.
Not applicable

==> picture [48 x 50] intentionally omitted <==

Criteria JORC-Code Explanation Commentary
Relationship
between
mineralisation
widths and
intercept lengths
These relationships are particularly important in the reporting of
Exploration Results.
The mineralised horizon is generally flat lying to shallow
dipping. The majority of holes are drilled vertically with
the remainder generally at a 60⁰ dip. The mineralisation
intercept widths in the drill holes are approximately true
width.
If the geometry of the mineralisation with respect to the drill hole
angle is known, its nature should be reported.
The majority of the holes were drilled vertically, with the
remainder drilled dipping at approximately 60⁰ mostly
towards the north west or south east., and interpreted
dip of the host rocks and mineralisation proven to be flat
or shallow dipping, mineralised intersections are
interpreted as being close approximations to true width.
If it is not known and only the down hole lengths are reported,
there should be a clear statement to this effect (eg ‘down hole
length, true width not known’).
Diagrams Appropriate maps and sections (with scales) and tabulations of
intercepts should be included for any significant discovery being
reported These should include, but not be limited to a plan view of
drill hole collar locations and appropriate sectional views.
Refer to diagrams in body of text
Balanced
reporting
Where comprehensive reporting of all Exploration Results is not
practicable, representative reporting of both low and high grades
and/or widths should be practiced to avoid misleading reporting of
Exploration Results.
Not relevant to reporting of Mineral Resources
Other substantive
exploration data
Other exploration data, if meaningful and material, should be
reported including (but not limited to): geological observations;
geophysical survey results; geochemical survey results; bulk
samples – size and method of treatment; metallurgical test results;
bulk density, groundwater, geotechnical and rock characteristics;
potential deleterious or contaminating substances.
Surface sampling and mapping were completed over
different field campaigns by Zenith Minerals. Manganese
oxide outcrops were the starting point to drilling at Red
Lake. A regional aeromagnetic survey was completed in
2007. Faults surrounding the Red Lake Prospect were
interpreted from this survey. Basic dry screening sighter
tests were completed at Red Lake and suggest a good
potential for upgrading of Mn mineralisation. Some lead
values close to the detection limit of XRF analysis were
obtained. Metallurgical characterisation of Red Lake
samples is underway to define if these could be an issue.
Further work The nature and scale of planned further work (eg tests for lateral
extensions or depth extensions or large-scale step-out drilling).
Metallurgical characterization of the Mn ore is planned.
Collection of bulk samples is proposed for further
metallurgical tests. Drilling of prospective areas in the
region is proposed to increase resource tonnage.
Consolidation of tenement holdings is planned.
Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas of possible extensions,
including the main geological interpretations and future drilling
areas, provided this information is not commercially sensitive.
Refer to diagrams in body of text

==> picture [48 x 50] intentionally omitted <==

1.3 Section 3: Estimation and Reporting of Mineral Resources

(Criteria listed in section 1, and where relevant in section 2, also apply to this section.)

Criteria JORC-Code Explanation Commentary
Database
integrity
Measures taken to ensure that data has not been corrupted by, for
example, transcription or keying errors, between its initial
collection and its use for Mineral Resource estimation purposes.
Data used in the Mineral Resource estimate is sourced
from a data base dump, provided in the form of an MS
Access database, from the Datashed relational database
hosted by Maxwell Geoservices. Relevant tables from the
export converted to MS Excel format and converted to
csv format for import into Micromine software for use in
the Mineral Resource estimate. Validation protocols for
the data entered to the Datashed database are
described in Section 1
Data validation procedures used. Validation of the data import include checks for
overlapping intervals, missing survey data, missing assay
data, missing lithological data, and missing collars. The
desurveyed drill holes were then also verified against the
provided paper sections containing the lithological
interpretation for consistency.
Site visits Comment on any site visits undertaken by the Competent Person
and the outcome of those visits.
No site visit was undertaken by the Competent Person
If no site visits have been undertaken indicate why this is the case. A site visit was not undertaken by the Competent Person
as a CSA Global staff member was responsible for the
drilling program as described in Section 1 and could
provide independent verification of the location and
extents of the deposit.
Geological
interpretation
Confidence in (or conversely, the uncertainty of ) the geological
interpretation of the mineral deposit.
There is a reasonable level of confidence in the
geological interpretation of stratiform manganese
oxide enrichment concentrated in a specific lithological
horizon traceable over numerous drill holes and drill
sections and in surface mapping.
Nature of the data used and of any assumptions made. Surface mapping of mineralised outcrop and drillhole
intercepts have formed the basis for the lithological
interpretation.
The effect, if any, of alternative interpretations on Mineral
Resource estimation.
The precise extent limits of the mineralised horizon
cannot be absolutely defined due to the drill spacing.
Further work is required to determine the exact limits,
but no major changes to the interpreted mineralised
volume are expected.
The use of geology in guiding and controlling Mineral Resource
estimation.
The lithological interpretation forms the basis for the
modelling. A lithological envelope defining the
prospective horizon which has elevated Mn levels and is
traceable over numerous drillhole intercepts and in
surface mapping. Within the lithological envelope grade
cut-off envelope of 10% Mn has been defined within
which the Mineral Resource estimate is completed.

==> picture [48 x 50] intentionally omitted <==

Criteria JORC-Code Explanation Commentary
The factors affecting continuity both of grade and geology. The lithological interpretation is fault bounded to the
north and south. These parallel bounding structures
which are interpreted to be vertical and strike towards
070⁰, are not yet precisely defined in space and small
changes to the interpreted extents can be expected once
they are. In the north east where one of the angled
duplicate holes did not encounter the expected
mineralised horizon further infill drilling is required to
clarify the reason for this and refine the geometry of the
interpretation.
Dimensions The extent and variability of the Mineral Resource expressed as
length (along strike or otherwise), plan width, and depth below
surface to the upper and lower limits of the Mineral Resource.
The bulk of the deposit consisting of the northern most 2
thirds as measured towards 070⁰ is approximately 400m,
while on the southern side drilling and surface mapping
demonstrate a longer extent up to approximately 900m.
The mineralised zone is roughly between 1.3 and 7 m
thick with outcrops over parts of the deposit area in the
west and south, and is generally flat lying to gently
rolling, with a portion in the north east of the deposit
steepening to dip at 10⁰ towards 045⁰. Maximal depth
here is approximately 24m below surface.
Estimation and
modelling
techniques
The nature and appropriateness of the estimation technique(s)
applied and key assumptions, including treatment of extreme
grade values, domaining, interpolation parameters and maximum
distance of extrapolation from data points. If a computer assisted
estimation method was chosen include a description of computer
software and parameters used.
CSA made a decision that the model and sample
composite files should be unfolded before grade
interpolation. Without unfolding the deposit would have
to be domained according to the general dipping of
different parts of the structures. In that case every
structural domain would have to be estimated
separately, and that would downgrade the reliability of
the estimate.
Grade estimation was by Inverse Distance to the power
of 2 (IDW) completed using Micromine software in the
extended precision environment for Mn, Fe, SiO2, Al2O3,
P S and LOI. IDW was chosen as there was insufficient
data from within the mineralisation domains to generate
sufficiently robust variograms to allow estimation by
means of Ordinary Kriging (OK).
The interpretation was extended perpendicular to the
corresponding first and last interpreted cross-section to
the distance equal to a half distance between the
adjacent exploration lines;
If a mineralised envelope did not extend to the adjacent
drillhole section, it was projected half way to the next
section and terminated. The general direction and dip of
the envelopes was maintained.
The mineralisation zone interpretation is extrapolated
approximately 50m westwards from the last line of
drilling in the west and in the southern third of the
deposit approximately 250m eastwards from the infill
drilling area toward the next line of exploration drilling
that did not encounter above cut-off grade


The availability of check estimates, previous estimates and/or mine
production records and whether the Mineral Resource estimate
takes appropriate account of such data.
~~i~~
~~li~~
~~ti~~
No previous estimates have been completed for this
deposit, and no mining has taken place.
The assumptions made regarding recovery of by-products. No assumptions have been made
Estimation of deleterious elements or other non-grade variables of
economic significance (eg sulphur for acid mine drainage
characterisation).
Fe, SiO2, Al2O3, P and S were also modelled.

==> picture [48 x 50] intentionally omitted <==

Criteria JORC-Code Explanation Commentary
In the case of block model interpolation, the block size in relation
to the average sample spacing and the search employed.
The block model was constructed using a 40mE x 40mN x
1mRL parent block size, with subcelling to 4mE x 4mN x
0.20mRL for domain volume resolution. The parent cell
size was chosen on the basis of the general morphology
of mineralised bodies and in order to avoid the
generation of too large block models. The subcelling size
was chosen to maintain the resolution of the mineralised
bodies. The subcells were optimised in the models where
possible to form larger cells.
Search ellipse orientations were defined based on the
spatial distribution of the Mn grades. The majority of the
mineralisation is roughly flat lying to gently rolling and a
search ellipse orientated towards 135⁰ was defined, with
search radii of 200m x 50m x 1m.
The first search radii for all mineralised envelopes were
selected to be equal to two thirds of the all distances.
Model cells that did not receive a grade estimate from
the first interpolation run were used in the next
interpolation with greater search radii equal to the full
distances in all directions. The model cells that did not
receive grades from the first two runs were then
estimated using radii incremented by the full distances.
For the first two search passes in the 10% cut-off zone, a
minimum of 3 samples and a maximum of 20 samples
were used to estimate the sample grades into each
block. For the subsequent passes the minimum was
reduced to 1.
Any assumptions behind modelling of selective mining units. No selective mining units were assumed in this estimate
Estimation and
modelling
techniques
(continued)
Any assumptions about correlation between variables. No strong correlations were found between the grade
variables, most likely due to the limited number of
drillhole samples.
Description of how the geological interpretation was used to
control the resource estimates.
The 10% Mn grade envelopes were defined. Hard
boundaries between the grade envelopes used to select
sample populations for grade estimation.
Discussion of basis for using or not using grade cutting or capping. No grade cutting was applied
The process of validation, the checking process used, the
comparison of model data to drill hole data, and use of
reconciliation data if available.
Validation of the block model consisted of comparison
of the block model volume to the wireframe volume.
Grade
estimates
were
validated
by
statistical
comparison with the drill data, visual comparison of
grade trends in the model with the drill data trends. No
reconciliation data is available at this early stage of the
project.
Moisture Whether the tonnages are estimated on a dry basis or with natural
moisture, and the method of determination of the moisture
content.
The tonnages are estimated on a dry basis

==> picture [48 x 50] intentionally omitted <==

Criteria JORC-Code Explanation Commentary
Cut-off
parameters
The basis of the adopted cut-off grade(s) or quality parameters
applied.
Statistical analysis showed natural breaks in the Mn
grade population distribution at approximately 5% and
10%, which formed the basis for the decision regarding
determination of mineralisation envelope cut off
grades. The Mineral Resource is quoted from estimated
blocks above these cut off grades.
Mining factors or
assumptions
Assumptions made regarding possible mining methods, minimum
mining dimensions and internal (or, if applicable, external) mining
dilution. It is always necessary as part of the process of
determining
reasonable
prospects
for
eventual
economic
extraction to consider potential mining methods, but the
assumptions made regarding mining methods and parameters
when estimating Mineral Resources may not always be rigorous.
Where this is the case, this should be reported with an explanation
of the basis of the mining assumptions made.
Mining would be by open pit methods as the deposit is
at or close to the surface.
Metallurgical
factors or
assumptions
The basis for assumptions or predictions regarding metallurgical
amenability. It is always necessary as part of the process of
determining
reasonable
prospects
for
eventual
economic
extraction to consider potential metallurgical methods, but the
assumptions regarding metallurgical treatment processes and
parameters made when reporting Mineral Resources may not
always be rigorous. Where this is the case, this should be reported
with an explanation of the basis of the metallurgical assumptions
made.
A selection of RC drill samples with head assays ranging
from 20% to 40% were dry screened to various size
fractions. The results show a clear potential for
significant grade improvement through a simple dry
screening process, with the combined coarser (+1.6
mm) fraction of all the 11 test samples averaging 38.1
% Mn from a combined average head grade of 26.9%
Mn, with an average mass recovery of 32.5% for this
coarse fraction.
Environmental
factors or
assumptions
Assumptions made regarding possible waste and process residue
disposal options. It is always necessary as part of the process of
determining
reasonable
prospects
for
eventual
economic
extraction to consider the potential environmental impacts of the
mining and processing operation. While at this stage the
determination of potential environmental impacts, particularly for
a greenfields project, may not always be well advanced, the status
of early consideration of these potential environmental impacts
should be reported. Where these aspects have not been considered
this should be reported with an explanation of the environmental
assumptions made.
No detailed assumptions have been made and this
aspect will be fully considered in any future scoping
studies. The broader assumption made is that mining of
Mn oxide deposits of this type should not require any
special environment permitting that might add
significant costs to a project.
Bulk density Whether assumed or determined. If assumed, the basis for the
assumptions. If determined, the method used, whether wet or dry,
the frequency of the measurements, the nature, size and
representativeness of the samples.
28 rock samples were collected from Red Lake and
other Mn prospects in the Earaheedy Project, amongst
which 16 samples (Mn-rich, Fe-Rich, Mn+Fe-Rich) were
assayed by XRF and their specific gravity (SG) tested
using pycnometre techniques. Due to a lab error, out of
these 16 samples, 13 were re-assayed and re-measured
for SG using both immersion and pycnometre
techniques. Two other samples were used which had
previously been tested for petrophysical characteristic
at Systems Exploration (NSW) Pty Ltd. In the end, a total
of 15 samples were assayed and SG-tested using both
techniques.
Additionally, 55 previously dry screened samples (11
samples with 5 sub-samples each) were tested for SG
by pycnometre (from pulps) to look for similar
correlation and to assess if density – mineralogical
variations existed in differing size fractions that may
bias RC samples.
The bulk density for bulk material must have been measured by
methods that adequately account for void spaces (vugs, porosity,
etc), moisture and differences between rock and alteration zones
within the deposit.
Some porosity can be expected however the bulk
density assigned is considered to be reasonable.

==> picture [48 x 50] intentionally omitted <==

Criteria JORC-Code Explanation Commentary
Discuss assumptions for bulk density estimates used in the
evaluation process of the different materials.
A number of regression formulas were derived for the
calculations of the bulk density. These formulas are
based on the elements’ grades. The more detailed
information how these formulas were derived is
presented in MRE.
Classification The basis for the classification of the Mineral Resources into
varying confidence categories.
The Inferred Mineral Resource classification is based on
the available RC and Aircore drill sampling and surface
mapping. This evidence is sufficient to imply but not
verify geological and grade continuity.
Whether appropriate account has been taken of all relevant
factors (ie relative confidence in tonnage/grade estimations,
reliability of input data, confidence in continuity of geology and
metal values, quality, quantity and distribution of the data).
The Inferred classification has taken into account all
available geological and sampling information, and the
classification level is considered appropriate for the
current stage of this project.
Whether the result appropriately reflects the Competent Person’s
view of the deposit.
The Mineral Resource estimate appropriately reflects
the view of the Competent Persons
Audits or reviews. The results of any audits or reviews of Mineral Resource estimates. No audits of the Mineral Resource estimate have been
undertaken at this time
Discussion of
relative accuracy/
confidence
Where appropriate a statement of the relative accuracy and
confidence level in the Mineral Resource estimate using an
approach or procedure deemed appropriate by the Competent
Person. For example, the application of statistical or geostatistical
procedures to quantify the relative accuracy of the resource within
stated confidence limits, or, if such an approach is not deemed
appropriate, a qualitative discussion of the factors that could
affect the relative accuracy and confidence of the estimate.
The relative accuracy of the Mineral Resource estimate
is reflected in the reporting of the Mineral Resource to
an Inferred classification as per the guidelines of the
2012 JORC Code
The statement should specify whether it relates to global or local
estimates, and, if local, state the relevant tonnages, which should
be relevant to technical and economic evaluation. Documentation
should include assumptions made and the procedures used.
The statement refers to global estimation of tonnes and
grade
These statements of relative accuracy and confidence of the
estimate should be compared with production data, where
available.
No production data is available.