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Vonpende Holdings PLC

Annual / Quarterly Financial Statement Apr 30, 2018

2536_10-k_2018-04-30_00c4caed-0ae0-48f0-8a6b-831f050b8afb.PDF

Annual / Quarterly Financial Statement

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REPORT AND CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017

C.EFSTATHIOU AUDIT LTD

Εγκεκριμένοι Λογιστές

Λεωφ. Κέννεντυ 8, Γραφείο 201 1087 Λευκωσία, Κύπρος T.O. 20542 1660 Λευκωσία, Κύπρος T/22 76 88 22 Φ/22768195

E / [email protected]

Certified Public Accountants

8 Kennedy Ave., Office 201 1087 Nicosia, Cyprus P.O.Box 20542 1660 Nicosia, Cyprus T/22 76 88 22 F / 22 76 81 95

www.ceaudit.com.cy

REPORT AND CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Year ended 31 December 2017

CONTENTS PAGE
Board of Directors and other officers 1
Management Report $\overline{2}$
Independent auditor's report $3 - 5$
Consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income 6
Consolidated statement of financial position $\overline{7}$
Consolidated statement of changes in equity 9
Consolidated cash flow statement 10
Notes to the consolidated financial statements $11 - 30$

BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND OTHER OFFICERS

Board of Directors: Marina Tsoy
Stella Koukounis
George Koufaris (appointed on 4 April, 2018)
Andri Michael (resigned on 4 April, 2018)
Company Secretary: Stella Koukounis
Independent Auditors: C. Efstathiou Audit Ltd
Certified Public Accountants and Registered Auditors
8 Kennedy Avenue
Athienitis Building
2nd floor, Office 201
1087 Nicosia
Registered office: Chrysanthou Mylona, 2
Dali, P.C. 2540, Nicosia, Cyprus
Bankers: Hellenic Bank Public Company Ltd
AstroBank Limited (former Piraeus Bank (Cyprus) Limited)
Promsvyazbank PJSC, Cyprus Branch
Registration number: HE216944

MANAGEMENT REPORT

The Board of Directors presents its report and audited consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries (together with the Company, the "Group") for the year ended 31 December 2017.

Principal activities and nature of operations of the Group

The principal activities of the Group comprise the trading in investments, the receiving and granting of loans, the ownership and leasing of residential property and acting as a principal in trading in cement and other products and commodities.

Review of current position, future developments and performance of the Group's business

The Group's development to date, financial results and position as presented in the consolidated financial statements are considered satisfactory.

Principal risks and uncertainties

The principal risks and uncertainties faced by the Group are disclosed in notes 3 and 4 of the consolidated financial statements.

Results

The Group's results for the year are set out on page 6.

Dividends

The Board of Directors wishes to defer the decision on the payment of a dividend and the net profit is retained until further decisions are taken on this matter.

Share capital

Authorised capital

On 27 March 2017 the authorised share capital of the Company was converted from 400.000 ordinary shares of nominal value of EUR 0.25 each to 8.000 ordinary shares of nominal value of EUR 12,50 each.

Issued capital

On 27 March 2017 the issued share capital of the Company was converted from 400.000 ordinary shares of nominal value of EUR 0,25 each to 8.000 ordinary shares of nominal value of EUR 12,50 each.

Board of Directors

The members of the Company's Board of Directors as at 31 December 2017 and at the date of this report are presented on page 1. On 4 April 2018, Mrs. Andri Michael resigned from the position of director of the company and on the same date Mr. George Koufaris was appointed respectively.

In accordance with the Company's Articles of Association all Directors presently members of the Board continue in office.

There were no significant changes in the assignment of responsibilities and remuneration of the Board of Directors.

Events after the reporting period

Any significant events that occurred after the end of the reporting period are described in note 27 to the consolidated financial statements.

Independent Auditors

The Independent Auditors, C. Efstathiou Audit Ltd, have expressed their willingness to continue in office and a resolution giving authority to the Board of Directors to fix their remuneration will be proposed at the Annual General Meeting.

By order of the Board of Directors.

Director Nicosia, 30 April 2018

C.EFSTATHIOU AUDIT LTD

Independent Auditor's Report

To the Members of Vonpende Holdings P.L.C.

Report on the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements

Opinion

We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Vonpende Holdings P.L.C. (the "Company") and its subsidiaries (the "Group"), which are presented in pages 6 to 30 and comprise the consolidated statement of financial position as at 31 December 2017, and the consolidated statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the year then ended, and notes to the consolidated financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies.

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements give a true and fair view of the consolidated financial position of the Group as at 31 December 2017, and of its consolidated financial performance and its consolidated cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union and the requirements of the Cyprus Companies Law, Cap. 113.

Basis for Opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (ISAs). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants' Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (IESBA Code) together with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in Cyprus, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements and the IESBA Code. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Other Information

The Board of Directors is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the management report, but does not include the consolidated financial statements and our auditor's report thereon.

Our opinion on the consolidated financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit of the consolidated financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the consolidated financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard.

C. Efstathiou Audit Ltd

Certified Public Accountants

8 Kennedy Ave., Office 201, 1087 Nicosia, Cyprus P.O.Box 20542, 1660 Nicosia, Cyprus T / 22 76 88 22 F / 22 76 81 95 E / [email protected] www.ceaudit.com.cy

Independent Auditor's Report (continued)

To the Members of Vonpende Holdings P.L.C.

Responsibilities of the Board of Directors for the consolidated financial statements

The Board of Directors is responsible for the preparation of consolidated financial statements that give a true and fair view in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the European Union and the requirements of the Cyprus Companies Law, Cap. 113, and for such internal control as the Board of Directors determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, the Board of Directors is responsible for assessing the Group's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the Board of Directors either intends to liquidate the Group or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.

The Board of Directors is responsible for overseeing the Group's financial reporting process.

Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a quarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements.

As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:

  • Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
  • Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Group's internal control.
  • Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by the Board of Directors.
  • Conclude on the appropriateness of the Board of Directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Group's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor's report to the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor's report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Group to cease to continue as a going concern.
  • Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the consolidated financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves a true and fair view.
  • Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business activities within the Group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion.

Independent Auditor's Report (continued)

To the Members of Vonpende Holdings P.L.C.

Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

We communicate with the Board of Directors regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.

Report on Other Legal Requirements

Pursuant to the additional requirements of the Auditors Law of 2017, we report the following:

  • In our opinion, the management report, has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the $\bullet$ Cyprus Companies Law, Cap 113, and the information given is consistent with the consolidated financial statements.
  • In our opinion, and in the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Group and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the management report.

Other Matter

This report, including the opinion, has been prepared for and only for the Company's members as a body in accordance with Section 69 of the Auditors Law of 2017 and for no other purpose. We do not, in giving this opinion, accept or assume responsibility for any other purpose or to any other person to whose knowledge this report may come to.

as Efstathiou

Certified Public Accountant and Registered Auditor for and on behalf of C. Efstathiou Audit Ltd Certified Public Accountants and Registered Auditors

Nicosia, 30 April 2018

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME Year ended 31 December 2017

Note 2017
EUR
2016
EUR
Revenue
Cost of sales
5
6
69.255.379
(49.155.240)
65.973.219
(48.556.514)
Gross profit 20.100.139 17.416.705
Negative goodwill
Administration expenses
Other expenses
7
8
9
(542.868)
(150.748)
21.069.782
(469.385)
(642.732)
Operating profit 19.406.523 37.374.370
Net finance income/(cost)
Profit before tax
10 9.613.903
29.020.426
(11.910.171)
25.464.199
Tax
Net profit for the year
11 (24.007)
28.996.419
(3.301)
25.460.898
Other comprehensive income
Foreign exchange difference - reserve 1.045.806
Other comprehensive income for the year
Total comprehensive income for the year
28.996.419 1.045.806
26.506.704

The notes on pages 11 to 30 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 31 December 2017

Note 2017
EUR
2016
EUR
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment 12 1.724 2.299
Promissory notes
Investment properties
419.633
Goodwill 13
14
104.945
4.131.632
110.000
5.068.978
Investments 142.451.198 215.617.407
Loans receivable 16 1.351.013.226 1.336.615.349
1.498.122.358 1.557.414.033
Current assets
Trade and other receivables
Loans receivable 17
16
570.227 1.917.370
Available-for-sale financial assets 15 3.063.791 3.073.496
15.989.732
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 18 17.349.226 1.085.000
Tax refundable 23.641
Cash at bank and in hand 374.552 2.035.210
21.357.796 24.124.449
Total assets 1.519.480.154 1.581.538.482
EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
Equity
Share capital 19 100.000 100.000
Fair value reserve - non controlling subsidiaries (93.946.837)
Foreign exchange reserve (2.242.474) 4.223.953
Retained earnings 74.483.380 49.108.167
(21.605.931) 53.432.120
Non-controlling interests 46.037.903 22.204.516
Total equity 24.431.972 75.636.636
Non-current liabilities
Borrowings 20 1.428.559,370 1.500.546.794
1.428.559.370 1.500.546.794
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables 21 5.195.247 2.274.482
Borrowings 20 61.274.287 3.071.681
Current tax liabilities 22 19.278 8.889
66.488.812 5.355.052
Total liabilities 1.495.048.182 1.505.901.846
Total equity and liabilities 1.519.480.154 1.581.538.482

The notes on pages 11 to 30 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

On 30 April 2018 the Board of Directors of Vonpende Holdings P.L.C. authorised these consolidated financial statements for issue.

Director

STELLA KOU KOUMS

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Director GEORDE KOUFARUS

The notes on pages 11 to 30 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
Year ended 31 December 2017

Attributable to equity holders of the Company
Fair value
Share
EUR
Capital
reserve - non
controlling
EUR
Foreign
subsidiaries exchange reserve
EUR
earnings
Retained
EUR
EUR
Total
Non-
interests
EUR
controlling
EUR
Total
Balance at 1 January 2016 100.000 3.178.147 23.333.490 26.611.637 ٥ 26.611.637
Comprehensive income
Net profit for the year
٠ 25.460.898 25.460.898 25.460.898
Foreign exchange difference ۱ 1.045.806 294.068 1.339.874 1.339.874
Net change in non controlling interest
Non controlling interest at acquisition
t 22.224.227 22.224.227
d (19.711) (19.711)
Balance at 31 December 2016 100.000 4.223.953 49.088.456 53.412.409 22.204.516 75,616.925
Balance at 31 December 2016/1 January 2017 100.000 ı 4.223.953 49.108.167 53.432.120 22.204.516 75.636.636
Comprehensive income
Net profit for the year
t 28.996.419 28.996.419 28.996.419
Foreign exchange difference ٠ (6.466.427) (3.621.206) (10.087.633) (10.087.633)
Net change in non controlling interest å 23.833.387 23.833.387
Fair value reserve non controlling subsidiaries ı (93.946.837) ł t. (93,946,837) (93.946.837)
Balance at 31 December 2017 100.000 (93.946.837) $(2.242.474)$ $-$ 74.483.380 (21.605.931) $-$ 46.037.903 24.431.972

The notes on pages 11 to 30 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENT Year ended 31 December 2017

Note 2017
EUR
2016
EUR
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Profit before tax
29.020.426
Adjustments for:
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
7.963 25.464.199
575
Profit from the sale of available-for-sale financial assets (98)
(Profit)/loss from the sale of investments in subsidiaries
Impairment charge - investments in subsidiaries
(3.434.494)
8.550
26.696
Dividend income
Interest income
5 (94.584) (507)
Interest expense 10 (63.796.291)
3.203.424
(62.243.569)
26.972
Negative goodwill (21.069.782)
Changes in working capital: (35.085.006) (57.795.514)
Decrease/(increase) in trade and other receivables 4.320.247 (7.701.764)
(Increase)/decrease in financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Increase in trade and other payables
(16.264.226)
3,303.014
165.000
3.770.785
Cash used in operations (43.725.971) (61.561.493)
Interest received
Dividends received
60.286.696 66.133.499
Interest paid 94.584
(750)
111.363
(1.112)
Tax paid (12.868) (6.630)
Net cash generated from operating activities 16.641.691 4.675.627
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Payment for purchase of property, plant and equipment
Payment for purchase of investment property
Payment for purchase of available-for-sale financial assets
Payment for purchase of investments in subsidiaries
Payment for purchase of investments in associated undertakings
Loans granted
Loans repayments received
Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale financial assets
Interest received
Proceeds from reduction of capital of investment in subsidiaries
12
13
(2.333)
257.104.812
(4.634.289)
(455.184.209)
9.705
28.625.272
5.740
5.159.022
(2.874)
(110.000)
(15.930.421)
(12.249.953)
(7.051.725)
(21.240.457)
385
157.893
Net cash used in investing activities (168, 916, 280) (56.427.152)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Repayments of borrowings
(2.582.668)
Proceeds from borrowings
Interest paid
157.840.803
(3.203.424)
47.322.713
(3.289.225)
Effect of exchange rate changes on balances of cash held in foreign
currencies
7.823.910
Net cash generated from financing activities 152.054.711 51.857.398
Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents (219.878) 105.873
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year 2.035.210 1.252.090
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash held (1.440.780) 677.247
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year 374.552 2.035.210

The notes on pages 11 to 30 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Year ended 31 December 2017

1. Incorporation and principal activities

Country of incorporation

The Company Vonpende Holdings P.L.C. (the "Company") was incorporated in Cyprus on 20 December, 2007 as a private limited liability company under the provisions of the Cyprus Companies Law, Cap. 113. Its registered office is at Chrysanthou Mylona, 2, Dali, P.C. 2540, Nicosia, Cyprus.

Principal activities

The principal activities of the Group comprise the trading in investments, the receiving and granting of loans, the ownership and leasing of residential property and acting as a principal in trading in cement and other products and commodities.

2. Significant accounting policies

The principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all years presented in these consolidated financial statements unless otherwise stated.

Basis of preparation

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union (EU) and the requirements of the Cyprus Companies Law, Cap.113. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention as modified by the revaluation of, investment property, available-for-sale financial assets, and financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss.

Adoption of new and revised IFRSs

During the current year the Group adopted all the new and revised International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) that are relevant to its operations and are effective for accounting periods beginning on 1 January 2017. This adoption did not have a material effect on the accounting policies of the Group.

At the date of approval of these consolidated financial statements, standards and interpretations were issued by the International Accounting Standards Board which were not yet effective. Some of them were adopted by the European Union and others not yet. The Board of Directors expects that the adoption of these accounting standards in future periods will not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements of the Group.

Basis of consolidation

The Company has subsidiary undertakings for which section 142(1)(b) of the Cyprus Companies Law Cap. 113 requires consolidated financial statements to be prepared and laid before the Company at the Annual General Meeting. The Group consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the parent company Vonpende Holdings P.L.C. and the financial statements of the following subsidiaries: "Wing Hang Enterprises (Cyprus) Limited", "Eyestorn Enterprises Limited", "Kirnione Holdings Limited", "Lebset Developments Limited", "Linge Developments Limited" and "Mezorex Enterprises Limited".

The financial statements of all the Group companies are prepared using uniform accounting policies. All intercompany transactions and balances between Group companies have been eliminated during consolidation.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Year ended 31 December 2017

2. Significant accounting policies (continued)

Business combinations

Acquisitions of businesses are accounted for using the acquisition method. The consideration transferred in a business combination is measured at fair value, which is calculated as the sum of the acquisition-date fair values of the assets transferred by the Group, liabilities incurred by the Group to the former owners of the acquiree and the equity interests issued by the Group in exchange for control of the acquiree. Acquisition-related costs are generally recognised in profit or loss as incurred.

At the acquisition date, the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed are recognised at their fair value at the acquisition date, except that:

  • deferred tax assets or liabilities and liabilities or assets related to employee benefit arrangements are recognised and measured in accordance with IAS 12 Income Taxes and IAS 19 Employee Benefits respectively;
  • liabilities or equity instruments related to share-based payment arrangements of the acquiree or sharebased payment arrangements of the Group entered into to replace share-based payment arrangements of the acquiree are measured in accordance with IFRS 2 Share-based Payment at the acquisition date: and
  • assets (or disposal groups) that are classified as held for sale in accordance with IFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations are measured in accordance with that Standard.

Goodwill is measured as the excess of the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree, and the fair value of the acquirer's previously held equity interest in the acquiree (if any) over the net of the acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. If, after reassessment, the net of the acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed exceeds the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree and the fair value of the acquirer's previously held interest in the acquiree (if any), the excess is recognised immediately in profit or loss as a bargain purchase gain.

Non-controlling interests that are present ownership interests and entitle their holders to a proportionate share of the entity's net assets in the event of liquidation may be initially measured either at fair value or at the non-controlling interests' proportionate share of the recognised amounts of the acquiree's identifiable net assets. The choice of measurement basis is made on a transaction-by-transaction basis. Other types of non-controlling interests are measured at fair value or, when applicable, on the basis specified in another IFRS.

When the consideration transferred by the Group in a business combination includes assets or liabilities resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement, the contingent consideration is measured at its acquisition-date fair value and included as part of the consideration transferred in a business combination. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration that qualify as measurement period adjustments are adjusted retrospectively, with corresponding adjustments against goodwill. Measurement period adjustments are adjustments that arise from additional information obtained during the 'measurement period' (which cannot exceed one year from the acquisition date) about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date.

The subsequent accounting for changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration that do not qualify as measurement period adjustments depends on how the contingent consideration is classified. Contingent consideration that is classified as equity is not remeasured at subsequent reporting dates and its subsequent settlement is accounted for within equity. Contingent consideration that is classified as an asset or a liability is remeasured at subsequent reporting dates in accordance with IAS 39, or IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, as appropriate, with the corresponding gain or loss being recognised in profit or loss.

When a business combination is achieved in stages, the Group's previously held equity interest in the acquiree is remeasured to fair value at the acquisition date (i.e. the date when the Group obtains control) and the resulting gain or loss, if any, is recognised in profit or loss. Amounts arising from interests in the acquiree prior to the acquisition date that have previously been recognised in other comprehensive income are reclassified to profit or loss where such treatment would be appropriate if that interest were disposed of.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Year ended 31 December 2017

2. Significant accounting policies (continued)

Business combinations (continued)

If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the combination occurs, the Group reports provisional amounts for the items for which the accounting is incomplete. Those provisional amounts are adjusted during the measurement period (see above), or additional assets or liabilities are recognised, to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the amounts recognised at that date.

Associates

Associates are all entities over which the Group has significant influence but not control, generally accompanying a shareholding of between 20% and 50% of the voting rights. Investments in associated undertakings are stated at cost less provision for permanent diminution in value, which is recognised as an expense in the period in which the diminution is identified.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the Group's share of the net identifiable assets of the acquired undertaking at the date of acquisition. Goodwill on acquisition of subsidiaries is included in "intangible assets". Goodwill on acquisitions of associates is included in "Investments in associates". Goodwill on acquisitions of investments in joint ventures is included in "investments in joint ventures".

Goodwill is tested annually for impairment and carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Gains and losses on the disposal of an undertaking include the carrying amount of goodwill relating to the undertaking sold. Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating units for the purpose of impairment testing.

Revenue recognition

Revenues earned by the Group are recognised on the following bases:

$\bullet$ Sale of products

Sales of products are recognised when significant risks and rewards of ownership of the products have been transferred to the customer, which is usually when the Group has sold or delivered the products to the customer, the customer has accepted the products and collectability of the related receivable is reasonably assured.

Rendering of services

Sales of services are recognised in the accounting period in which the services are rendered by reference to completion of the specific transaction assessed on the basis of the actual service provided as a proportion of the total services to be provided.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Year ended 31 December 2017

2. Significant accounting policies (continued)

Revenue recognition (continued)

Income from investments in securities

Dividend from investments in securities is recognised when the right to receive payment is established. Withheld taxes are transferred to profit or loss. Interest from investments in securities is recognised on an accruals basis.

Profits or losses from the sale of investments in securities represent the difference between the net proceeds and the carrying amount of the investments sold and is transferred to profit or loss.

The difference between the fair value of investments at fair value through profit or loss as at 31 December 2017 and the mid cost price represents unrealised gains and losses and is included in profit or loss in the period in which it arises. Unrealised gains and losses arising from changes in the fair value of available-forsale financial assets are recognised in equity. When available-for-sale financial assets are sold or impaired, the accumulated fair value adjustments are included in profit or loss as fair value gains or losses on investments, taking into account any amounts charged or credited to profit or loss in previous periods.

Commission income

Commission income is recognised when the right to receive payment is established.

Interest income

Interest income is recognised on a time-proportion basis using the effective interest method.

Finance income

Interest income is recognised on a time-proportion basis using the effective method.

Finance costs

Interest expense and other borrowing costs are charged to profit or loss as incurred.

Foreign currency translation

$(1)$ Functional and presentation currency

Items included in the Group's financial statements are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates ('the functional currency'). The financial statements are presented in Euro (EUR), which is the Group's functional and presentation currency.

$(2)$ Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in profit or loss. Translation differences on non-monetary items such as equities held at fair value through profit or loss are reported as part of the fair value gain or loss.

Tax

Current tax liabilities and assets are measured at the amount expected to be paid to or recovered from the taxation authorities, using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted, or substantively enacted, by the reporting date.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Year ended 31 December 2017

2. Significant accounting policies (continued)

Dividends

Dividend distribution to the Group's shareholders is recognised in the Group's financial statements in the year in which they are approved by the Group's shareholders.

Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses.

Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line method so as to write off the cost of each asset to its residual value over its estimated useful life. The annual depreciation rates used are as follows:

Computrer hardware and operating systems

$\frac{0}{0}$ 20

The assets residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each reporting date.

Where the carrying amount of an asset is greater than its estimated recoverable amount, the asset is written down immediately to its recoverable amount.

Expenditure for repairs and maintenance of property, plant and equipment is charged to profit or loss of the year in which it is incurred. The cost of major renovations and other subsequent expenditure are included in the carrying amount of the asset when it is probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the Group. Major renovations are depreciated over the remaining useful life of the related asset.

An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognised in profit or loss.

Investment properties

Investment property, which is property held to earn rentals and/or for capital appreciation, is stated at its fair value at the reporting date. Gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of investment property are included in profit or loss for the period in which they arise.

An investment property is derecognised upon disposal or when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefits are expected from the continued use of the asset. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the property (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in profit or loss in the period in which the property is derecognised.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Year ended 31 December 2017

2. Significant accounting policies (continued)

Intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. The cost of intangible assets acquired in a business combination is fair value as at the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses. Internally generated intangible assets, excluding capitalised development costs, are not capitalised and expenditure is reflected in profit or loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred. The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed to be either finite or indefinite.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life is reviewed at least at each financial year end. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset is accounted for by changing the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortisation expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognised in profit or loss in the expense category consistent with the function of the intangible asset.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment annually either individually or at the cash generating unit level. Such intangibles are not amortised. The useful life of an intangible asset with an indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether indefinite life assessment continues to be supportable. If not, the change in the useful life assessment from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in profit or loss when the asset is derecognised.

Impairment of non-financial assets

Assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortisation and are tested annually for impairment. Assets that are subject to depreciation or amortisation are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset's carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's fair value less costs to sell and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are arouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash-generating units).

Financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised in the Group's consolidated statement of financial position when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Trade receivables

Trade receivables are measured at initial recognition at fair value and are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method. Appropriate allowances for estimated irrecoverable amounts are recognised in profit or loss when there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired. The allowance recognised is measured as the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at the effective interest rate computed at initial recognition.

Prepayments from clients

Payments received in advance on sale contracts for which no revenue has been recognised yet, are recorded as prepayments from clients as at the reporting date and carried under liabilities.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Year ended 31 December 2017

2. Significant accounting policies (continued)

Financial instruments (continued)

Loans granted

Loans originated by the Group by providing money directly to the borrower are categorised as loans and are carried at amortised cost. The amortised cost is the amount at which the loan granted is measured at initial recognition minus principal repayments, plus or minus the cumulative amortization using the effective interest method of any difference between the initial amount and the maturity amount, and minus any reduction for impairment or uncollectibility. All loans are recognised when cash is advanced to the borrower.

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial asset or a financial liability (or group of financial assets or financial liabilities) and of allocating the interest income or interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument or, when appropriate, a shorter period to the net carrving amount of the financial asset or financial liability.

Financial assets

(1) Classification

The Group classifies its financial assets in the following categories: financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, loans and receivables, held-to-maturity investments and available for-sale financial assets. The classification depends on the purpose for which the financial assets were acquired. Management determines the classification of financial assets at initial recognition.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss $\bullet$

This category has two sub-categories: financial assets held for trading and those designated at fair value through profit or loss at inception. A financial asset is classified as held for trading if acquired principally for the purpose of selling in the short term. Financial assets designated as at fair value through profit or loss at inception are those that are managed and their performance is evaluated on a fair value basis, in accordance with the Group's documented investment strategy. Information about these financial assets is provided internally on a fair value basis to the Group's key management personnel. Assets in this category are classified as current assets if they are either held for trading or are expected to be realised within twelve months from the reporting date.

Loans and receivables

Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market and for which there is no intention of trading the receivable. They are included in current assets, except for maturities greater than twelve months after the reporting date. These are classified as non-current assets. The Group's loans and receivables comprise trade and other receivables and cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated statement of financial position.

Held-to-maturity investments

Held to maturity investments are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments and fixed maturities that the Company's management has the positive intention and ability to hold to maturity, that do not meet the definition of loans and receivables. During the year, the Group did not hold any investments in this category.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Year ended 31 December 2017

2. Significant accounting policies (continued)

Financial instruments (continued)

Financial assets (continued)

Available-for-sale financial assets

Available-for-sale financial assets are non-derivatives that are either designated in this category or not classified in any of the other categories. They are included in non-current assets, unless management intends to dispose of the investment within twelve months of the reporting date.

(2) Recognition and measurement

Regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on trade-date which is the date on which the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset. Investments are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs for all financial assets not carried at fair value through profit or loss. Financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are initially recognised at fair value and transaction costs are expensed in profit or loss. Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets have expired or have been transferred and the Group has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership. Available-for-sale financial assets and financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are subsequently carried at fair value. Loans and receivables and held-to-maturity investments are carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of the "financial assets at fair value through profit or loss" category are presented in profit or loss in the period in which they arise. Dividend income from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss is recognised in the profit or loss when the Group's right to receive payments is established.

The fair values of quoted investments are based on current bid prices. If the market for a financial asset is not active (and for unlisted securities), the Group establishes fair value by using valuation techniques. These include the use of recent arm's length transactions, reference to other instruments that are substantially the same and discounted cash flow analysis, making maximum use of market inputs and relying as little as possible on entity specific inputs. Equity investments for which fair values cannot be measured reliably are recognised at cost less impairment.

Changes in the fair value of monetary securities denominated in a foreign currency and classified as available-for-sale are analysed between translation differences resulting from changes in amortised cost of the security and other changes in the carrying amount of the security. The translation differences on monetary securities are recognised in profit or loss, while translation differences on non-monetary securities are recognised in other comprehensive income. Changes in the fair value of monetary and non-monetary securities classified as available-for-sale are recognised in other comprehensive income.

When securities classified as available-for-sale are sold or impaired, the accumulated fair value adjustments recognised in other comprehensive income are included in profit or loss as gains and losses on available-for-sale financial assets.

Interest on available-for-sale securities calculated using the effective interest method is recognised in the profit or loss. Dividends on available-for-sale equity instruments are recognised in profit or loss when the Group's right to receive payments is established.

The Group assesses at each reporting date whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. In the case of equity securities classified as available for sale, a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of the security below its cost is considered as an indicator that the securities are impaired. If any such evidence exists for available-for-sale financial assets the cumulative loss which is measured as the difference between the acquisition cost and the current fair value, less any impairment loss on that financial asset previously recognised in profit or loss, is removed from equity and recognised in profit or loss.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Year ended 31 December 2017

2. Significant accounting policies (continued)

Financial instruments (continued)

Financial assets (continued)

For financial assets measured at amortised cost, if in a subsequent period, the amount of the impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, the previously recognised impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the investment at the date the impairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortised cost would have been had the impairment not been recognised.

In respect of available for sale equity securities, impairment losses previously recognised in profit or loss are not reversed through profit or loss. Any increase in fair value subsequent to an impairment loss is recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated under the heading of investments revaluation reserve. In respect of available for sale debt securities, impairment losses are subsequently reversed through profit or loss if an increase in the fair value of the investment can be objectively related to an event occurring after the recognition of the impairment loss.

Cash and cash equivalents

For the purpose of the consolidated cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank.

Borrowings

Borrowings are recorded initially at the proceeds received, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently stated at amortised cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is recognised in profit or loss over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method.

Trade payables

Trade payables are initially measured at fair value and are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.

Derecognition of financial assets and liabilities

Financial assets

A financial asset (or, where applicable a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is derecognised when:

  • the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired;
  • the Group retains the right to receive cash flows from the asset, but has assumed an obligation to pay Á them in full without material delay to a third party under a 'pass through' arrangement; or
  • the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset and either (a) has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

Financial liabilities

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires.

When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability, and the difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in profit or loss.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Year ended 31 December 2017

2. Significant accounting policies (continued)

Offsetting financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the consolidated statement of financial position if, and only if, there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. This is not generally the case with master netting agreements, and the related assets and liabilities are presented gross in the consolidated statement of financial position.

Share capital

Ordinary shares are classified as equity.

Non-current liabilities

Non-current liabilities represent amounts that are due more than twelve months from the reporting date.

Comparatives

Where necessary, comparative figures have been adjusted to conform to changes in presentation in the current year.

3. Financial risk management

Financial risk factors

The Group is exposed to market price risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, currency risk and capital risk management arising from the financial instruments it holds. The risk management policies employed by the Group to manage these risks are discussed below:

3.1 Market price risk

The Group is exposed to equity securities price risk because of investments held by the Group and classified on the consolidated statement of financial position either as available-for-sale or at fair value through profit or loss. The Group is not exposed to commodity price risk.

3.2 Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the value of financial instruments will fluctuate due to changes in market interest rates. The Group's income and operating cash flows are substantially independent of changes in market interest rates as the Group has no significant interest-bearing assets. The Group is exposed to interest rate risk in relation to its non-current borrowings. Borrowings issued at variable rates expose the Group to cash flow interest rate risk. Borrowings issued at fixed rates expose the Group to fair value interest rate risk. The Company's management monitors the interest rate fluctuations on a continuous basis and acts accordingly.

3.3 Credit risk

Credit risk arises when a failure by counter parties to discharge their obligations could reduce the amount of future cash inflows from financial assets on hand at the reporting date. The Group has no significant concentration of credit risk. The Group has policies in place to ensure that sales of products and services are made to customers with an appropriate credit history and monitors on a continuous basis the ageing profile of its receivables.

3.4 Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that arises when the maturity of assets and liabilities does not match. An unmatched position potentially enhances profitability, but can also increase the risk of losses. The Group has procedures with the object of minimising such losses such as maintaining sufficient cash and other highly liquid current assets and by having available an adequate amount of committed credit facilities.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Year ended 31 December 2017

3. Financial risk management (continued)

3.5 Currency risk

Currency risk is the risk that the value of financial instruments will fluctuate due to changes in foreign exchange rates. Currency risk arises when future commercial transactions and recognised assets and liabilities are denominated in a currency that is not the Group's measurement currency. The Group is exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from various currency exposures primarily with respect to the US Dollar and the Russian Ruble. The Group's management monitors the exchange rate fluctuations on a continuous basis and acts accordingly.

3.6 Capital risk management

Capital includes equity shares.

The Group manages its capital to ensure that it will be able to continue as a going concern while maximising the return to shareholders through the optimisation of the debt and equity balance. The Group's overall strategy remains unchanged from last year.

Fair value estimation

The fair values of the Group's financial assets and liabilities approximate their carrying amounts at the reporting date.

The fair value of financial instruments traded in active markets, such as publicly traded trading and available-for-sale financial assets is based on quoted market prices at the reporting date. The quoted market price used for financial assets held by the Group is the current bid price. The appropriate quoted market price for financial liabilities is the current ask price.

The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market is determined by using valuation techniques. The Group uses a variety of methods, such as estimated discounted cash flows, and makes assumptions that are based on market conditions existing at the reporting date.

4. Critical accounting estimates and judgments

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRSs requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates and requires Management to exercise its judgment in the process of applying the Group's accounting policies. It also requires the use of assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on Management's best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results may ultimately differ from those estimates.

Estimates and judgments are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

Judgments

The estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below:

Provision for bad and doubtful debts

The Group reviews its trade and other receivables for evidence of their recoverability. Such evidence includes the customer's payment record and the customer's overall financial position. If indications of irrecoverability exist, the recoverable amount is estimated and a respective provision for bad and doubtful debts is made. The amount of the provision is charged through profit or loss. The review of credit risk is continuous and the methodology and assumptions used for estimating the provision are reviewed regularly and adjusted accordingly.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Year ended 31 December 2017

4. Critical accounting estimates and judgments (continued)

Income taxes

Significant judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes. There are transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain during the ordinary course of business. The Group recognises liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues based on estimates of whether additional taxes will be due. Where the final tax outcome of these matters is different from the amounts that were initially recorded, such differences will impact the income tax and deferred tax provisions in the period in which such determination is made.

Fair value of investment property

The fair value of investment property is determined by using valuation techniques. The Group uses its judament to select a variety of methods and make assumptions that are mainly based on market conditions existing at each reporting date. The fair value of the investment property has been estimated based on the fair value of their individual assets.

Fair value of financial assets

The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market is determined by using valuation techniques. The Group uses its judgment to select a variety of methods and make assumptions that are mainly based on market conditions existing at each reporting date. The fair value of the financial assets available for sale has been estimated based on the fair value of these individual assets.

Impairment of investments in subsidiaries

The Group periodically evaluates the recoverability of investments in subsidiaries whenever indicators of impairment are present. Indicators of impairment include such items as declines in revenues, earnings or cash flows or material adverse changes in the economic or political stability of a particular country, which may indicate that the carrying amount of an asset is not recoverable. If facts and circumstances indicate that investment in subsidiaries may be impaired, the estimated future discounted cash flows associated with these subsidiaries/associates would be compared to their carrying amounts to determine if a write-down to fair value is necessary.

Impairment of loans receivable

The Group periodically evaluates the recoverability of loans receivable whenever indicators of impairment are present. Indicators of impairment include such items as declines in revenues, earnings or cash flows or material adverse changes in the economic or political stability of a particular country in which the borrower operates, which may indicate that the carrying amount of the loan is not recoverable. If facts and circumstances indicate that loans receivable may be impaired, the estimated future discounted cash flows associated with these loans would be compared to their carrying amounts to determine if a write-down to fair value is necessary.

Impairment of non-financial assets $\bullet$

The impairment test is performed using the discounted cash flows expected to be generated through the use of non-financial assets, using a discount rate that reflects the current market estimations and the risks associated with the asset. When it is impractical to estimate the recoverable amount of an asset, the Group estimates the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit in which the asset belongs to.

Valuation of non-listed investments

The Group uses various valuation methods to value non-listed investments. These methods are based on assumptions made by the Board of Directors which are based on market information at the reporting date.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Year ended 31 December 2017

4. Critical accounting estimates and judgments (continued)

Impairment of goodwill

Determining whether goodwill is impaired requires an estimation of the value in use of the cash generating units of the Group on which the goodwill has been allocated. The value in use calculation requires the Group to estimate the future cash flows expected to arise from the cash-generating units using a suitable discount rate in order to calculate present value.

5. Revenue

2017 2016
EUR EUR
Sale of cement products 1.741.712 3.307.031
Commissions income 317.739 389.907
Dividend income 94.584 507
Interest income 60.514.916 62.274.912
Net gain on trading in financial instruments 3.305.659
Net gain on sale of promissory note / financial instruments 3.275.629 862
Rental income 5.140
69.255.379 65.973.219
6. Cost of sales
2017 2016
EUR EUR
Purchases of cement products 1.600.495 2.981.001
Rental expenses 1.035
Custodian fee 12.454
Commissions paid 503.056 498.595
Handling fee 27.881
Interest expense 47.010.319 45.076.918
49.155.240 48.556.514
7. Negative goodwill
2017 2016
EUR EUR
Negative goodwill (21.069.782)
(21,069.782)

On 17 November 2014, Vonpende Holdings Limited acquired 100% of the shareholding of Wing Hang Enterprises (Cyprus) Limited, and this resulted into a negative goodwill of €25,8 millions. The main operations of Wing Hang Enterprises (Cyprus) Limited, is the trading in cement and the receiving and granting of loans.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Year ended 31 December 2017

8. Administration expenses

2017 2016
EUR EUR
Rent 6.029 60.576
Professional fees 242,708 197.479
Director services 30.000 44.169
Services paid 27.096 89.773
Auditors' remuneration - current year 69.250 28.015
Auditors' remuneration - prior years 8.300 4.900
Accounting fees 23.875 21.305
Legal fees 28.208 9.285
Overseas travelling 97.356 12.947
Company annual charge 2.083 361
Depreciation 7.963 575
542.868 469.385
9. Other expenses
2017 2016
EUR EUR
Other income (1.465) $\bullet$
Amount receivable written off 138.772 578.364
Net foreign exchange loss 4.891 1.807
Loss on redemption / exchange of promissory notes 63.058
Impairment charge - investments in associates 8.550 (497)
150.748 642.732
10. Finance income/cost
2017 2016
EUR EUR
Interest income 5.747 267
Exchange profit 22.228.682 9.021.134
Finance income 22.234.429 9.021.401
Net foreign exchange losses (12.605.770) (20.913.238)
Interest expense (11) (12)
Other finance expenses (14.745) (18.322)
Finance costs (12.620.526) (20.931.572)
Net finance income/(cost) $9.613.903$ (11.910.171)
11. Tax
2017 2016
EUR EUR
Corporation tax - current year 17.473 3.275
Overseas tax 4.729 26
Defence contribution - current year 1.805 $\sim$
Charge for the year 24.007 3.301

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Year ended 31 December 2017

12. Property, plant and equipment

Cost Computer
hardware
and
operating
systems
EUR
Additions 2.874
Balance at 31 December 2016/ 1 January 2017 2.874
Balance at 31 December 2017 2.874
Depreciation
Charge for the year 575
Balance at 31 December 2016/ 1 January 2017
Charge for the year
575
575
Balance at 31 December 2017 1.150
Net book amount
Balance at 31 December 2017 1.724
Balance at 31 December 2016 2.299
13. Investment properties
2017 2016
Balance at 1 January EUR
110.000
EUR
Additions 2.333 110.000
Charge of the year (7.388)
Balance at 31 December 104.945 110.000

Investment properties include an apartment situated at 55 Milou street, Archangelos, Nicosia, Cyprus.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Year ended 31 December 2017

  1. Goodwill
Goodwill
EUR
Cost
Additions 5.068.978
Balance at 31 December 2016/ 1 January 2017 5.068.978
Goodwill eliminated on disposal of subsidiary (937.346)
Balance at 31 December 2017 4.131.632
Net book amount
Balance at 31 December 2017 4.131.632
Balance at 31 December 2016 5.068.978

On 28 December 2016, Vonpende Holdings Limited acquired 52% of Lebset Development Limited and this resulted into a goodwill of € 0.7 millions. The main operations of Lebset Developments Limited is the holding of investments.

On 30 December, 2016, Vonpende Holdings Limited acquired 76,03% of Linge Enterprises Limited and 52,05% of Mezorex Enterprises Limited and this resulted into a goodwill of $\epsilon$ 0.9 millions and $\epsilon$ 3.4 millions respectively.

The main operation of Linge Enterprises Limited, is holding of investments.

The main operation of Mezorex Enterprises Limited, is the holding of investments and investment of its funds.

On December 2017, Vonpende Holdings Limited increased its shareholding to 95,10% in Eyestorn Enterprises Limited, Kirnione Holdings Limited, Lebset Developments Limited and Mezorex Enterprises Limited to 95,11%. The Group disposed its interest Linge Enterprises Limited in 2017 and realized a profit of EUR885.681.

15. Available-for-sale financial assets

2017 2016
EUR
15.989.732
$\qquad \qquad \blacksquare$ 15.989.732
(15.989.732)
15.989.732
EUR

Available-for-sale financial assets, comprising principally marketable equity securities, are fair valued annually at the close of business on 31 December. For investments traded in active markets, fair value is determined by reference to Stock Exchange quoted bid prices. For other investments, fair value is estimated by reference to the current market value of similar instruments or by reference to the discounted cash flows of the underlying assets. Equity investments for which fair values cannot be measured reliably are recognised at cost less impairment.

Available-for-sale financial assets are classified as non-current assets, unless they are expected to be realised within twelve months from the reporting date or unless they will need to be sold to raise operating capital.

16. Loans receivable

2017 2016
EUR EUR
Loans receivable 1.354.077.017 1.339.688.845
1.354.077.017 1.339.688.845
Less current portion $(3.063.791)$ $(3.073.496)$
Non-current portion 1.351.013.226 1.336.615.349

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Year ended 31 December 2017

16. Loans receivable (continued)

The loans are repayable as follows:

2017 2016
EUR eur
Within one year 3.063.791 3.073.496
Between one and five years 1.350.706.302 1.336.615.349
After five years 306.924
1.354.077.017 1.339.688.845

17. Trade and other receivables

2017 2016
EUR EUR
Trade receivables 550.325 565.137
Promissory note receivable 1.346.843
Shareholders' current accounts - debit balances (Note 23.2) 17.078
Deposits and prepayments 2.824 5.390
570.227 1.917.370

The fair values of trade and other receivables due within one year approximate to their carrying amounts as presented above.

18. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

2017 2016
EUR EUR
Balance at 1 January 1.085.000 1,250,000
Additions 16.250.041
Disposals (34.996) (165.000)
Accrued interest 99.765
Interest payments (50.584)
Balance at 31 December 17.349.226 1.085.000

Financial assets designated as at fair value through profit or loss are analysed as follows:

2017
EUR
2016
EUR
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Subordinated contingent convertible bonds of a Company incorporated in Cyprus 17,300,045
Interest on bonds 49.181
17,349,226

In the consolidated cash flow statement, financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are presented within the section on operating activities as part of changes in working capital. In the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, changes in fair values of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are recorded in operating income.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Year ended 31 December 2017

19. Share capital

Authorised 2017
Number of
shares
2017
EUR
2016
Number of
shares
2016
EUR
Ordinary shares of EUR 0,25 each
Ordinary shares of EUR 12,50 each
8.000 100.000 400.000 100,000
8.000 100.000 400.000 100,000
Issued and fully paid EUR EUR
Balance at 1 January
Converted to 8.000 ordinary shares of EUR 12,50
400.000 100.000 400.000 100,000
each (392.000)
Balance at 31 December 8.000 100.000 400.000 100.000

Authorised capital

On 27 March 2017 the authorised share capital of the Company was converted from 400.000 ordinary shares of nominal value of EUR 0,25 each to 8.000 ordinary shares of nominal value of EUR 12,50 each.

Issued capital

On 27 March 2017 the issued share capital of the Company was converted from 400.000 ordinary shares of nominal value of EUR 0,25 each to 8.000 ordinary shares of nominal value of EUR 12,50 each.

20. Borrowings

2017
EUR
2016
EUR
Current borrowings
Trade loans payable 61.274.287 3.071.681
Non-current borrowings
Trade loans payable 1.428.559.370 1.500.546,794
Total 1.489,833.657 1.503.618.475
Maturity of non-current borrowings:
2017 2016
EUR EUR
Within one year 61.274.287 3.071.681
Between one and five years 233.218.751 1.500.546.794
After five years 1.195.340.619
1.489.833.657 1.503.618.475

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Year ended 31 December 2017

21. Trade and other payables

2017 2016
EUR EUR
Trade payables 5.115.313 626.770
Promissory notes payable ۰ 925.811
Defence tax on rent payable (47) (54)
Prepayments from tenants 900
Social insurance and other taxes 1.888 2.604
Tenants deposits 450
Accruals 76.743 719.351
5.195.247 2.274.482

The fair values of trade and other payables due within one year approximate to their carrying amounts as presented above.

22. Current tax liabilities

2017 2016
EUR EUR
Corporation tax 17.473 8.858
Special contribution for defence 1.805
19.278 8.889
.

23. Related party transactions

The following transactions were carried out with related parties:

23.1 Directors' remuneration

The remuneration of Directors and other members of key management was as follows:

2017 2016
EUR EUR
Director services 30.000 44.169
30.000 44,169
23.2 Shareholders' current accounts - debit balances (Note 17)
2017 2016
EUR EUR
Shareholders' current accounts 17.078 2.593
17.078 2.593
The shareholders' current accounts are interest free, and have no specified repayment date.

23.3 Shareholders' current accounts - credit balances

2017 2016
EUR EUR
Shareholders' current accounts $\sim$ 101.335
$\bullet$ 101.335

The shareholders' current accounts are interest free, and have no specified repayment date.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Year ended 31 December 2017

24. Significant subsidiaries

In year 2016 the Group includes the Company and Wing Hang Enterprises (Cyprus) Ltd (100%). Wing Hang Enterprises Ltd was incorporated in Hong Kong on 30 August 1999 as a private company with limited liability and transferred domicile to Nevis on 5 December 2003. From 5 July, 2017, Wing Hang Enterprises Limited was registered in accordance with section 354H of the Companies Law Cap. 113, as a company continuing in the Republic of Cyprus under the name of Wing Hang Enterprises (Cyprus) Limited. The Group's principal activities are the receiving and granting of loans, the trading in investments and acting as a principal in trading of cement and other products and commodities. In addition of Wing Hang Enterprises (Cyprus) Ltd, Vonpende Holdings Group comprises of the below subsidiaries:

2017 31 December 31 December
2016
Name Country of Principal activities
incorporation $\frac{0}{0}$ $\frac{1}{2}$
Wing Hang Enterprises (Cyprus) Limited Cyprus Trading in cement
and receiving and
granting of loans 100 100
Eyestorn Enterprises Limited Cyprus Holding of
investments and
receiving and
granting of loans 95,10 52
Kirnione Holdings Limited Cyprus Trading in
investments and
investment of its
funds 95,10 52
Lebset Developments Limited Cyprus Holding of
investments 95,10 52
Mezorex Enterprises Limited Cyprus Holding of
investments 95,1068 52,0468
Linge Enterprises Limited Cyprus Holding of
investments 76,0234

25. Contingent liabilities

The Group had no contingent liabilities as at 31 December 2017.

26. Commitments

The Group had no capital or other commitments as at 31 December 2017.

27. Events after the reporting period

On 22 February, 2018 the Board of Directors proposed and approved the payment of interim dividend based on the financial position and performance of the Company as at 30 June, 2017. Simultaneously the Board of Directors approved the increase of the authorised share capital by additional Euro 310.000,00 divided by 24.800 shares of nominal value of Euro 12,50 each, which will be made available to the Board to facilitate the interim dividend reinvestment.

Independent auditor's report on pages 3 to 5

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