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VGP NV

Annual Report Apr 9, 2019

4022_10-k_2019-04-09_b01e0d37-3182-4bb9-b70a-b6f5782cdc7b.pdf

Annual Report

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Annual report 2018

Content

Key figures

in 2018

VGP's business review General market overview

German market Spanish market Netherlands market

Italian market

page 8 Profile

page 4 Letter to the shareholders

page 12 Strategy page 16 VGP

page 22 Report of the Board of Directors

page 44

Corporate governance statement Risk factors Summary of the accounts and comments Information about the share Outlook 2019

Corporate social responsibility page 74

Board of directors and management

page 80

Board of Directors Executive Management team Portfolio page 86

Financial review page 119

Key fi gures

Key figures

in thousands of €

INVESTMENT PROPERTIES 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
Own portfolio
Total lettable area (m²) 288,372 445,958 416,158 548,838 268,232
Occupancy rate (%) 99.2% 100.0% 97.0% 97.3% 94.0%
Fair value of property portfolio 576,143 627,737 550,262 677,084 416,089
VGP European Logistics portfolio (100%)
Total lettable area (m²) 1,333,476 830,905 593,454
Occupancy rate (%) 99.4% 100.0% 100.0%
Fair value of property portfolio1 1,360,263 877,761 644,900
BALANCE SHEET 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
Shareholders' equity 543,467 466,230 390,305 361,978 215,417
Gearing
Net debt/shareholders' equity 0.77 0.94 0.87 0.71 0.72
Net debt/total assets 34.6% 42.3% 39.4% 35.7% 33.2%
INCOME STATEMENT – ANALYTICAL FORM 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
Gross rental income 16,627 17,046 16,806 17,073 9,596
Property operating expenses (1,123) (1,941) (2,000) (1,097) (1,615)
Net rental and related income 15,504 15,105 14,806 15,976 7,981
Property and facility management/
development income
9,965 8,057 3,825 2,547 3,407
Net valuation gains/(losses) on investment property 98,552 94,628 118,900 103,981 53,920
Administration expenses (18,167) (19,353) (15,446) (13,451) (6,556)
Share in the results of joint venture and associates 45,220 29,229 7,897 191 14,473
Operating profit 151,074 127,666 129,982 109,244 73,225
Net financial result (13,970) (10,466) (16,906) (10,154) (7,675)
Taxes (15,998) (21,205) (21,790) (12,529) (16,191)
Profit for the year 121,106 95,995 91,286 86,561 49,359
RESULT PER SHARE 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
Number of ordinary shares 18,583,050 18,583,050 18,583,050 18,583,050 18,583,050
Net result per share (in €) – Basic 6.52 5.17 4.91 4.66 2.66
Net result per share (in €) – Diluted 6.52 5.17 4.91 4.66 2.66

1 Includes buildings under construction and development land which are/will be developed by VGP on behalf of VGP European Logistics joint venture.

COMMITTED ANNUALISED RENT INCOME AND NUMBER OF LEASE CONTRACTS (Including joint venture at 100%)

Rental income Incremental increase in rental income Number of lease contracts

the share– holders

Letter to the shareholders

Dear fellow share and bondholders of VGP

VGP's performance continues on a stronger foundation, a land bank which has been expanded substantially and a new matrix organisation in our group.

""Location, location, location" has been the title of our periodical company magazine for 12 years. This is increasingly proving as the axiom for the entire logistics sector, as e-commerce continues to reshape our consumption patterns and businesses such as Amazon and bespoke thirdparty logistics providers prioritize the delivery process within their business model.

We therefore believe that distribution centres close to large cities and transport hubs off ering 24/7 operations will increasingly carry a premium.

Land shortages around the big European metropolitan regions for such facilities further widens the disconnect between supply and demand. In addition, as the increased automation of delivery and work in fulfi lment centres continues to change the needs of our tenants, we closely work with them to seek adaptations according to their requirements within our standard building parameters.

Our fi rst priority has therefore been to replenish and substantially grow our land bank in order to fulfi l these needs. This is in alignment with our long-term strategy of continuing to expand our portfolio of high-quality assets, located close to the continent's busiest and most vibrant consumption centres.

During 2018 we grew the land bank to a total of 4.45 million square meters, adding some of the most attractive locations in the history of our company. This new land bank supports 1.98 million square meters of future lettable area and provides a solid foundation for our future growth.

As it is increasingly more time consuming to secure the necessary development permits, we have dedicated specialised teams within the group to continue to scout for and prepare selective expansions of our land bank in top locations around Europe, all with a long term view. This process is always subject to securing necessary permit that provides us with the legal certainty needed to use the land for its intended purpose.

As I already announced last year, we have strengthened our management team by implementing a new corporate matrix in our organisation with management tools inspired from the industries we work for. It provides us the necessary checks and balances to control our fast growing expansion, defi nes clear goals and responsibilities for our employees and helps us to detect possible problems at an early stage.

During the last year we have also intensively worked on our transformation into a truly pan-European platform. We are now active in twelve diff erent countries following the addition of Italy, the Netherlands, Austria and Portugal to our action fi eld. And we are proud to say that they are not just locations on a map. On the contrary, we are already or will be constructing new VGP parks in each of these countries over the next twelve months.

2018 was the sixth consecutive record year across many other measures for our company.

We now count over 200 client contracts, delivered 505,000 new sqm during the year and all of our buildings were fully let. As a result, we delivered record earnings per share.

We earned €121.1 million in net income, a 26% increase compared to 2017, and have ended the year with record signed committed leases of €104.1 million, despite this year's sale of the Mango Distribution Centre with €7.6 million of annualized rental income ( we only sold it because we got an off er we could not refuse). These achievements refl ect strong underlying fundamentals across our markets.

Therefore, the Board of Directors would like to propose to the Annual Shareholders' Meeting a dividend of € 2.20 per share, which amounts to an increase of nearly 16% compared to last year.

We will create a new foundation to underline our commitment to responsible entrepreneurship, not only in the communities in which we operate

This VGP Foundation will contribute to three aspects that are, in our view, closely related to what we do:

  • as we are turning green fi elds into economic fi elds, we want to engage in projects encouraging nature conservation, such as creating permanent biotopes;
  • as we have an impact on local communities, we want to support social projects focused on education and child care;
  • and fi nally, as we feel truly European and believe in the dream of all people uniting in Europe – (its our anthem!), we want to focus on investments to conserve and protect Europe's cultural heritage.

Our foundation will be set up and funded by VGP and its founders. Our vision is to make the foundation fi nancially independent of the performance of VGP, and we will therefore gradually launch its activities.

A new board

In 2019, following twelve years of exemplary service, the mandate of our current independent board members will come to an end. I would hereby like to express my sincere gratitude to our current board members, Marek Šebesťák, Alexander Saverys and Jos Thys for their helpful insights and ever-lasting enthusiasm.

At the upcoming Annual Shareholders Meeting, we would like to propose three new board members, Mrs. Katherina Reiche, Mrs. Vera Gäde-Butzlaff and Mrs. Ann Gaeremynck, for election. They have already accepted our off er to join the board and will be nominated offi cially at this occasion.

A word of gratitude towards my colleagues and their families

Our group has continued to grow, now counting over 180 employees, and we expect to continue to substantially expand the team during the course of 2019.

We have come a long way together and as I already wrote before, year after year we continue to create an ever more solid base on which to construct our future upon.

I would like to thank our whole team for their enthusiasm and energy, and thank their families for supporting them.

Finally, on behalf of VGP and its management, I want to express my deepest gratitude to all those who have worked with us, suppliers, financing partners and customers, for their trust and cooperation. One of our customer's credo is: "Work hard, have fun, make history". We apply that too.

Yours sincerely, Jan Van Geet

VGP's Profi le

VGP (www.vgpparks.eu) constructs and develops high-end logistic real estate and ancillary offi ces for its own account and for its VGP European Logistics joint venture, which are subsequently rented out to reputable clients on long term lease contracts.

VGP has an in-house team which manages all activities of the fully integrated business model: from identifi cation and acquisition of land, to the conceptualisation and design of the project, the supervision of the construction works, contracts with potential tenants and the facility management of its own real estate portfolio.

VGP focuses on top locations which are located in the vicinity of highly concentrated living and/or production centres, with an optimal access to transport infrastructure.

VGP is quoted on Euronext Brussels and the Main Market of the Prague Stock Exchange.

VGP owns a property portfolio of € 576.1 million as at 31 December 2018 which represents a total lettable area of over 288,372 m² (13 buildings) (€ 193.7 million), 15 buildings under construction representing 284,510 m² of lettable area (€ 169.4 million) and remaining development land in the amount of € 213.0 million.

The VGP European Logistics joint venture owns a property portfolio of € 1,360.3 million as at 31 December 2018 which represents a total lettable area of over 1,333,476 m² (68 buildings)(€ 1,213.8 million), 4 buildings being developed by VGP representing 37,675 m² of lettable area (€ 141.6 million) and some residual development land in the amount of € 4.9 million.

As at 31 December 2018 VGP has a remaining development land bank in full ownership of 2,714,842 m². This land bank allows VGP to develop besides the current completed projects and projects under construction (572,882 m²) a further 1,235,000 m² of lettable area of which 433,000 m² in Germany, 210,000 m² in the Czech Republic, 202,000 m² in Spain, 152,000 m² in the Netherlands, 146,000 m² in Romania, 70,000 m² in Hungary and 22,000 m² in Italy. Besides this, VGP had another 1,582,492 m² of new plots of land under option, at yearend, allowing to develop approx. 686,000 m² of new projects. It is expected that these remaining land plots will be acquired, subject to permits, during the course of 2019.

VGP European Logistics has a remaining development land bank in full ownership of 149,219 m² as at 31 December 2018. This land bank allows the Joint Venture to develop besides the current completed projects and projects under construction (1,371,150 m²) a further 59,000 m² of lettable area.

VGP owns a property portfolio of

€ 576.1 million

€ 1,360.3

VGP European Logistics joint venture owns a property portfolio of

VGP has a remaining development land bank in full ownership of

31 December 2018

million

2,714,842 m²

Strategy

VGP is a pan-European pure-play logistics realestate group, specialised in the acquisition, development, and management of logistic real estate, i.e. buildings suitable for logistical purposes and light industrial activities.

With the entering of the Netherlands, Italy and Austria in 2018, followed by Portugal at the beginning of 2019, VGP has transformed itself as a truly pan-European specialised developer, owner and manager of high-quality logistic and light industrial property.

The Group focuses on (i) strategically located plots of land suitable for development of logistic business parks of a certain size, so as to build up an extensive and well-diversifi ed land bank and property portfolio on top locations; (ii) striving to optimise the operational performance of the portfolio and the activities of our tenants through dedicated teams which provide asset-, property and development services; and (iii) growing the 50:50 joint venture with Allianz Real Estate, the objective of which is to build a platform of new, grade A logistics and industrial properties with a key focus on expansion in its core German market and high growth CEE markets with the aim of delivering stable income-driven returns with potential for capital appreciation. The Joint Venture aims to increase its portfolio size to ca. € 1.7 billion, exclusively via the contribution to the Joint Venture of new logistics developments carried out by VGP.

At the beginning of 2019 VGP and Allianz Real Estate reached a joint commitment to expand their Joint Venture structure to include Spain, the Netherlands, Italy, Romania, Austria and Portugal. The discussions between VGP and Allianz Real Estate are expected to conclude and materialise during the fi rst half of 2019.

All the aforementioned elements should allow the Group to provide attractive returns for our shareholders through progressive dividend and net asset value growth over time.

Development activities

Greenfi eld developments are the core activity of the VGP Group. Developments are undertaken primarily for the Group's own account and to a lesser extent for the Joint Venture.

The Group pursues a growth strategy in terms of development of a strategic land bank which is suitable for the development of turnkey and ready-to-be-let logistic projects. The plots are zoned for logistic activities. The management of VGP is convinced that the top location of the land and the high-quality standards of its real estate projects contribute to the longterm value of its portfolio.

The Group concentrates on the sector of logistic and light industrial accommodation projects situated across Continental Europe. The Group is active in 12 countries and aims to expand into other European markets in the near future.

High quality projects are always developed on the basis of VGP building standards, with adaptations to meet specifi c requirements of future tenants but always ensuring multiple purpose use and easy future re-leasability.

In their initial phase of development, some projects are being developed at the Group's own risk (i.e., without being pre-let). The development pipeline which was transferred to the Joint Venture as part of the Seed portfolio in May 2016 or which has been transferred as part of any subsequent acquisition transaction between the Joint Venture and VGP is also being developed at VGP's own risk and subsequently acquired and paid for by the Joint Venture subject to pre-agreed completion and lease parameters.

The constructions, which respond to the latest modern quality standards, are leased under long term lease agreements to tenants which are active in the logistic sector, including storing but also assembling, reconditioning, final treatment of the goods before they go to the industrial clients or the retailers. The land positions are located in the vicinity of highly concentrated living and/or production centres, with an optimal access to transport infrastructure.

The Group relies on the in-house competences of its team to execute its fully integrated business model, consisting of the identifi cation and acquisition of land and development of the infrastructure, the design of the buildings, the coordination of architectural and engineering aspects, the administration to obtain the necessary permits, the tendering and coordination of the construction works including site management, and upon completion the asset- and property management of the real estate portfolio.

The Group's team often negotiates and contracts building subcontractors and building material deliveries directly and monitors the follow up and coordination of the building activities itself.

Asset- and property management services

Property management services are exclusively provided to the Group's own portfolio and the Joint Venture whereby the respective VGP property management company is responsible for managing the proper and undisturbed operation of the buildings. In addition, the property manager will on behalf of the Group or Joint Venture identify, supervise and manage the relationship with third party suppliers.

As part of its off ered services the VGP property management companies will also perform project management services. These services cover the performance of capital improvements and any other construction works as may be requested by the owner of the buildings. This scope covers the full range of project management services (supervision and coordination of the contractors for design, advising on obtaining permits, advising on the works and any tenders relating thereto).

As part of the property management services VGP will also provide leasing services. The commercial department is responsible for all aspects of the performance and enforcement of the leases and the lease agreements, also on behalf of the VGP European Logistics portfolio, as well as for day-to-day co-operation with the tenants.

The asset management services entails giving advice and recommendations to the joint venture companies on the joint venture's asset management and strategy, thereby optimising the value of the joint venture assets. Further advice and recommendations will be given by the asset manager in respect of appropriate tenant mix, execution of leasing strategy that aligns cash fl ows with portfolio needs and manage both capital and operating expenses.

Facility management services

Facility management services are carried out in the Czech Republic and Germany by specifi c dedicated teams which are focussed on managing the proper and undisturbed operation of the buildings and performing all actions such as maintenance services, waste management services, maintenance greenery etc that may be necessary in this respect.

In other countries where no local facility management team is in place, the Group uses third party facility management services companies to perform these activities.

Key principles of VGP's investment strategy

Strategically located plots of land. Location

High quality standardised logistic real estate. High standards

Focus on business parks with a view to realising economies of scale. Scale

In-house competences enabling a fully integrated business model. Model

Primary focus on development activities and asset- and property management activities. Development & management

VGP in 2018

VGP in 2018

Significant geographical expansion

Entry of four new markets – Italy, Austria, Benelux and Portugal (early 2019).

Accelerated growth of the development activities

  • 21 projects delivered with 505,000 m² of lettable area, representing € 26.6 million of annualised committed leases.
  • Record signed and renewed rental income of € 38.7 million driven by 572,000 m² of new lease agreements signed.
  • Occupancy of the standing portfolio of 99.2%.
  • 19 buildings totalling 322,000 m² under construction at year-end.
  • Total remaining owned and secured land bank of 4.45 million m².

Organisational alignment

New matrix organisation with group support functions successfully rolledout.

During 2018 VGP managed to successfully transform itself into a truly Pan-European platform as the Group expanded into new key markets – Italy, Austria, Benelux and Portugal in early 2019. Significant effort was put in introducing a new matrix organisation to stay close to VGP's clients across Europe and to support VGP's further geographic expansion. The strong increase of the land bank in 2018 should provide a solid foundation for growth over the coming years.

VGP continued its strong growth in all the markets where the Group is active. Development and letting activities continue to perform at record levels.

A fourth closing was made with VGP European Logistics (the 50/50 joint venture with Allianz Real Estate) in which the Joint Venture acquired 6 new parks from VGP, comprising of 13 logistic buildings and another 5 newly completed logistic buildings which were developed in parks previously transferred to the Joint Venture. The 6 parks are in Germany (3) and in the Czech Republic (3). The additional 5 buildings which were acquired by the Joint Venture are in Germany (3 buildings), in the Czech Republic (1 building) and in Hungary (1 building).

During the year a new head offi ce was opened in Antwerp, Belgium, which houses the commercial and project team for the Benelux. Additional new offi ces were established in Milan (Italy), Porto (Portugal) and Vienna (Austria). VGP is now active in 12 countries and has the team and land bank to provide a full range of different solutions and services to multinational and local tenants. Through the further geographical expansion of its footprint VGP established itself as a truly pan-European specialised developer, owner and manager of high-quality logistic and light industrial buildings.

The signed annualised committed leases represent € 104.1 million1 at the end of December 2018 which represent a total of 1,982,000 m² of lettable area. Of this total space, 635,000 m² belong to the own portfolio (648,000 m² as at 31 December 2017) and 1,347,000 m² to the VGP European Logistics joint venture (1,009,000 m² at 31 December 2017).

During the year VGP delivered a total of 21 projects representing 505,000 m² of lettable area, with an additional 19 projects under construction representing 322,000 m² of future lettable area. A further 4 projects were already delivered during the fi rst three months of 2019 totalling 62,000 m² of lettable area. On the back of the recorded strong demand for lettable space an additional 11 new projects, representing 214,000 m² of future lettable area, were started up after year-end. These projects represent a future annualised rent income of circa € 11.3 million.

Page 25

1 Including VGP European Logistics (joint venture with Allianz Real Estate). As at 31 December 2018 the annualised committed leases for VGP European Logistics stood at € 70.9 million (2017: € 52.5 million).

Business review

Commercial activities

The increase in demand of lettable area resulted in the signing of new lease contracts in excess of € 38.7 million (own and Joint Venture portfolio) of which € 32.6 million related to new or replacement leases and € 6.1 million were related to renewals of existing lease contracts. During the year lease contracts for a total amount of € 3.7 million were terminated1 .

The annualised committed leases (on an aggregate own and Joint Venture portfolio basis) therefore increased to € 104.1 million¹ as at the end of December 2018 (compared to € 75.2 million as at 31 December 2017 on a like for like basis.2)

The signed lease agreements as at 31 December 2018 represent a total of 1,982,072 m² of lettable area and correspond to 202 diff erent tenants' lease or future lease agreements (on an aggregate own and Joint Venture portfolio basis).

The weighted average term of the annualised committed leases of the combined own and Joint Venture portfolio stood at 7.8 years at the year-end (9.7 years as at 31 December 2017) and the occupancy rate (own and Joint Venture portfolio) reached 99.3 % at year-end (compared to 100% at the end of 2017).

Own portfolio

During the year 2018 VGP signed new annualised committed leases in excess of € 25.3 million in total, of which € 24.6 million related to new or replacement leases and € 0.7 million to the renewal of existing leases. During the year lease contracts for a total amount of € 0.7 million¹ were terminated.

Germany was the main driver of the increases in annualised committed leases with more than € 12.7 million of new leases signed during the year. The other countries also performed very well with new leases being signed in the Czech Republic + € 2.6 million, Spain + € 2.6 million, Romania + € 1.4 million, Latvia + € 1.9 million, Hungary + € 1.4 million, Austria + € 1.1 million and fi nally the Netherlands + € 0.9 million. This brings the annualised committed leases to € 33.2 million as at 31 December 2018.

The signed lease agreements represent a total of 635,261 m² of lettable area and correspond to 70 diff erent tenants' lease or future lease agreements.

The weighted average term of the annualised committed leases stood at 7.6 years at the year-end (7.0 years to fi rst break).

As at 31 December 2018 the investment property portfolio consists of 13 completed buildings representing 288,372 m² of lettable area with another 19 buildings under construction representing 322,185 m² of lettable area, of which 4 buildings (37,675 m²) are being developed for VGP European Logsitics. During the year 21 buildings were completed totalling 505,539 m² of lettable area.

For its own account VGP delivered 8 buildings i.e. In the Czech Republic: 1 building of 35,836 m² in VGP Park Chomutov. In Germany: 1 building of 42,993 m² in VGP Park Göttingen, 2 buildings totalling 19,182 m² in VGP Park Wustermark and 1 building of 20,175 m² in VGP Park Dresden. In other countries: 1 building of 22,819 m² in VGP Park San Fernando de Henares (Spain), 1 building of 20,673 m² in VGP Park Timisoara (Romania) and fi nally 1 building of 35,557 m² in VGP Park Kekava (Latvia).

The occupancy rate of the own portfolio reached 99.4% at the end of 2018 (compared to 100% at the end of 2017).

2 Excluding the € 7.6 million committed leases outstanding as at 31 December 2017 related to the Mango building, which was divested during Sep-18.

63%

COMMITTED LEASE MATURITY 31 December 2018 (in m²)

1 Excluding the Mango building located in Barcelona (Spain) sold during 2018, which represented € 7.6 million in annualised rent income.

VGP European Logistics portfolio

During the year 2018 VGP negotiated for its Joint Venture new annualised committed leases in excess of € 13.4 million in total of which € 7.9 million related to new or replacement leases and € 5.4 million to the renewal of existing leases. During the year lease contracts for a total amount of € 3.1 million were terminated.

Germany was the main driver of the increases in annualised committed leases with more than € 5.3 million of new leases signed during the year. In the other countries, new leases were signed the Czech Republic + € 2.5 million and some smaller leases totalling € 0.1 million were signed in Hungary and Slovakia. This brings the annualised committed leases to € 70.9 million as at 31 December 2018.

The signed lease agreements represent a total of 1,346,811 m² of lettable area and correspond to 132 diff erent tenants' lease or future lease agreements. The weighted average term of the annualised committed leases stood at 7.8 years at the year-end (7.2 years to fi rst break).

As at 31 December 2018 the investment property portfolio consists of 68 completed buildings representing 1,333,476 m² of lettable area with another 4 buildings being developed by VGP, on behalf of the Joint Venture, representing 37,675 m² of lettable area.

For the Joint Venture VGP completed 13 buildings i.e. in the Czech Republic: 2 buildings totalling 26,720 m² in VGP Park Hradek nad Nisou, 1 building of 11,140 m² in VGP Park Olomouc, 1 building of 11,698 m² in VGP Park Jenec, 2 buildings totalling 12,502 m² in VGP Park Usti nad Labem1 and 1 building of 12,789 m² in VGP Park Czesky Ujezd¹; in Germany: 1 building of 13,136 m² in VGP Park Hamburg, 2 buildings totalling 35,471 m² in VGP Park Berlin, 1 building of 146,899 m² in VGP Park Frankenthal¹ and 2 buildings totalling 37,949 m² in VGP Park Wetzlar2.

1 Initially developed by VGP for its own account and sold to VGP European Logistics joint venture as part of the 4th closing in April 2018.

2 Of which one building (19,264 m²) was initially developed by VGP for its own account and sold to VGP European Logistics joint venture as part of the 4th closing in April 2018

Development activities

Own portfolio

The development activities have shown a consistent strong track record over the past years. Over the past 11 years VGP developed more than 2.8 million m² of lettable area.

At the end of December 2018 VGP has 19 buildings under construction. The new buildings under construction, which are already pre-let for 65%1 , represent € 16.4 million of annualised rental income when fully built and let.

For its own account VGP had 15 buildings under construction totalling 284,510 m² of lettable area representing €14.5 million of annualised leases. In Germany: 2 buildings in VGP Park Gottingen, 1 building in VGP Park Halle, 2 buildings in VGP Park Wustermark and 1 building in VGP Park Bischofsheim; in Spain: 3 buildings in VGP Park San Fernando de Henares and 1 building in VGP Park Lliçà d'Amunt; in Czech Republic: 1 building in VGP Park Chomutov and 1 building in VGP Park Olomouc; in Romania: 1 building in VGP Park Timisoara and 1 building in VGP Park Sibiu and fi nally in Latvia: 1 building in VGP Park Kekava.

In 2018, VGP acquired 1,689,000 m² of of new development land. Of these land plots, 444,000 m² (26%) are located in Germany, 333,000 m² (20%) in Romania, 267,000 m² (16%) in the Netherlands, 223,000 m² (13%) in Czech Republic, 189,000 m² (11%) in Spain, 146,000 m² (9%) in Hungary, with the remaining land plots located in Italy and Austria. These new land plots have a development potential of 780,000 m² of future lettable area.

Besides this VGP has another 1,600,000 m² of new land plots under option which are located in Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, the Netherlands and Austria. The bulk of the land plots are expected to be purchased during 2019, subject to obtaining the necessary permits.

As a result, VGP has currently a remaining secured development land bank of 4,297,334 m² of which 63% or 2,714,842 m² is in full ownership. The secured land bank allows VGP to develop, in addition to, the current completed projects and projects under construction an additional 1,920,000 m² of lettable area of which 536,000 m² in Germany, 560,000 m² in the Czech Republic, 202,000 m² in Spain, 202,000 in the Netherlands, 194,000 in Romania, 88,000 in Slovakia, 71,000 in Hungary, 45,000 in Austria and 22,000 m² in Italy.

TOTAL SQUARE METERS DEVELOPED

REMAINING DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL OWN SECURED PORTFOLIO (in m²)

The development potential of the VGP own portfolio on the remaining secured land bank as at 31 December 2018 is as follows:

VGP European Logistics portfolio

At the end of December 2018 VGP is constructing 4 new buildings on behalf of the Joint Venture, totalling 49,000 m² of lettable area. These buildings represent €1.9 million of annualised rental income when fully built and let.

The buildings under construction are located in the Czech Republic: 1 building in VGP Park Jenec, in Germany: 2 buildings in VGP Park Leipzig and finally in Slovakia: 1 building in VGP Park Malacky.

The Joint Venture has currently a remaining development land bank in full ownership of 149,219 m² on which circa 59,000 m² of new lettable area can be developed. The current development potential of the VGP European Logistics portfolio as at 31 December 2018 is as follows:

Source: Company information.

Note: The above figures relate to the current secured land bank. The development potential has been calculated by reference to existing or similar developed logistic projects.

Source: Company information.

Note: The above figures relate to the current secured land bank. The development potential has been calculated by reference to existing or similar developed logistic projects.

General market overview1

CEE + Germany, Spain, Portugal, Netherlands and Italy – Key market indicators

WAREHOUSING
PRIME RENT
m² per annum
RENTAL CHANGE
y-o-y (%)
PRIME YIELD
(%)
YIELD CHANGE
y-o-y (bp)
Prague EUR 54 0 5.50 -25
Berlin EUR 66 10 4.10 -40
Frankfurt EUR 72 0 4.10 -40
Munich EUR 85 5.2 4.10 -40
Budapest EUR 57 18.8 7.25 -25
Milan EUR 56 1.8 5.40 -10
Amsterdam EUR 85 0 4.40 -50
Warsaw EUR 43 0 6.50 0
Lisbon EUR 42 0 6.25 -25
Bucharest EUR 49 0 8.25 -25
Bratislava EUR 54 7.1 6.85 -60
Barcelona EUR 81 0 5.25 -60
Madrid EUR 63 5 5.00 -50

Source: JLL Research, February 2019

CEE, GERMANY, SPAIN, PORTUGAL, THE NETHERLANDS AND ITALY INVESTMENT MARKET OVERVIEW

2018 VOLUME (€ millions) 2017 VOLUME (€ millions)
Poland 7,200 5,030
Czech Republic 2,510 3,538
Romania 900 1,840
Slovakia 820 1,000
Hungary 1,800 525
Other CEE N/A 1,045
Total CEE 13,230 12,980
Germany 55,000 53,500
Spain 10,400 11,230
Portugal 3,300 2,020
The Netherlands 14,100 18,400
Italy 8,700 10,260
Grand Total 104,730 108,390

Source: Jones Lang LaSalle

Real estate investment Market overview 2018

Western Europe

Investment in the German commercial real estate (offi ces, retail, logistics, hotels and alternatives/others) reached a volume of just over € 55 billion in 2018. Investment in the Spanish commercial real estate (offi ces, retail, logistics, hotels and alternatives/others) peaked in 2017 at € 11.5 billion. Total transaction volumes softened in 2018, down by 9.5% y-o-y. Investment in the Italian commercial real estate (offi ces, retail, logistics, hotels and alternatives/others) reached € 8.7 billion in 2018. Investment in Portuguese commercial real estate (offi ces, retail, logistics, hotels and alternatives/others) reached a volume of close to € 3.3 billion, marking the highest volume on record. Investment in the Netherlands commercial real estate (offi ces, retail, logistics, hotels and alternatives/others) peaked in 2017 at nearly € 18.4 billion and total investment volumes were down nearly 30% in 2018.

Focus on Germany

The upturn on the investment market continued throughout 2018 and has now entered its tenth year in 2019. In view of the market's buoyancy during the last three months of the year and the realisation of some large-volume transactions, it is fair to say that 2018 stood out as an exceptional investment year.

Apart from the mega-transactions, some other noteworthy activities also contributed towards this development. The transaction volume has been rising steadily since 2010, and 2018 proved to be another record year at least in the commercial real estate market. This market segment accounted for a transaction volume of €60.3 billion, which has tripled since 2010 and increased by 6% compared to 2017.

Where are we going in the current year? Despite current geopolitical uncertainties, demand for real estate will remain high in 2019. The trend towards a moderate decline in yields for top products in prime locations of asset classes with the highest transaction volumes continued during the fourth quarter. The average prime offi ce yield for the seven strongholds stood at 3.11%, which was slightly down compared to the previous quarter and 16 basis points lower in a 12-month comparison. In 2019, we expect yields to settle at this level. However, the strongest momentum in terms of yield development is still evident in the logistics real estate segment. The thriving online retail sector and its positive future prospects attract foreign investors to this asset class. At the end of 2018, the prime yield stood at 4.1%, which is 60 basis points lower than at the end of 2017. However, we expect to see a further decline to well below 4.00% over the course of 2019.

In combination with rental growth, offi ce properties again registered a doubledigit increase in capital appreciation during 2018. Aggregated across the seven property strongholds, the capital value growth was 12%, which compares to an average growth rate of 15.5% for the previous three years. The rate of growth is expected to weaken to around 4% in 2019 owing to the more stable yields.

With regard to retail high street in city centres, the strong increase in value seen in past years is already over. Indeed, growth of only 3% was registered for 2018. For the most part, stagnating rents and eff ectively no appreciation in value are expected to be evident in 2019. Demand will focus more than ever on specialist store products with discounters or food retailers as anchor tenants. Since demand here will be signifi cantly higher than the available supply, prime yields in this segment could still fall slightly in 2019 – they stood at 4.50% at the end of 2018. Shopping centres represent the fi rst segment in which the prime yield has risen again for the fi rst time since the end of 2010. At the end of 2018, the yield was 4.10%, which is 20 basis points above the lowest value of the last four quarters.

TRANSACTION VOLUME GERMANY BY TYPE OF USE

Focus on Spain

The Spanish economy continues to perform above the Eurozone average and appears to have accelerated in the fi nal quarter of 2018. Domestic demand remains the key driver of growth, but an improvement in the external sector is also seen to have taken place at the end of 2018. Oxford Economics forecasts GDP growth in 2018 to reach 2.5%, but it expects a marginally slower 2.3% in 2019.

Infl ation fell to 1.7% in November, a result of the sharp plunge in oil prices. Despite a gradual rise in prices of basic goods, it is expected that lower energy costs will keep headline infl ation weak in 2019, averaging 1.3% in 2019, according to Oxford Economics (after an estimated 1.3% in 2018). The Consumer Confi dence Index (CCI) stood at 90.8 points in December, 0.5 points below the fi gure for the previous month. The CCI end 2018 in the second lowest point of the year and the lowest value registered in the last two years.

Investment in the Spanish commercial real estate (offi ces, retail, logistics, hotels and alternatives/others) peaked in 2017 at € 11.5 billion. Total transaction volumes softened in 2018, down by 9.5% y-o-y. This was driven by a signifi cant over 50% drop in hotel investment whilst offi ce, retail and industrial/logistics assets all saw further growth in 2018 y-o-y, albeit on a small scale.

Following fi ve years of continued yield compression, over 2018 yields compressed another 25 bps in the offi ce segment and 50 bps for logistics assets. Meanwhile, looking at retail assets, yield levels remained unchanged in the retail unit shop segment and made their fi rst outward movement since 2009 in the shopping centre segment, up 25 bps compared to one year earlier.

Total industrial and logistics investment volumes reached € 1.7 billion in 2018. This marked another signifi cant 48% year-on-year increase on the previous record achieved in 2017. Indeed, Spain was one of only four of the major European markets to record continued growth in investment volumes last year.

Total transaction volumes were driven by a number of portfolio deals, which accounted for one third of the total annual investment volume. The two largest both accounted for more than € 100 million each and both were purchased by globally sourced capital.

Prime logistics yields continued to compress over the course of the year. Yields compressed 60 bps to 5.25% in Barcelona, marking the strongest yield compression across all European logistics markets. They still compressed a strong 50 bps in Madrid compared to a year earlier, ending 2018 at 5.00%.

Focus on Netherlands

The Dutch economy continues to perform above the Eurozone average. According to Oxford Economics, annual GDP growth should come in at a strong 2.6% in 2018. Whilst Oxford Economics has raised its 2019 forecast, GDP growth this year is nevertheless expected to slow to around 1.8%.

Overall, however, the domestic pillars of expansion should remain broadly intact. Following a strong 2.5% rise in 2018, private consumption is expected to slow but should still record a robust 1.6% y-o-y growth this year. Wage growth should also remain strong, supporting further rises in purchasing power, albeit this will be slightly off set by a rise in VAT and energy taxes. Export growth should also recover from a diffi cult 2018, rising by around 3.5% in 2019.

Investment in the Netherlands commercial real estate (offi ces, retail, logistics, hotels and alternatives/others) peaked in 2017 at nearly € 18.4 billion and over 80% year-on-year increase driven by a signifi cant hike in offi ce and retail investment. Total investment volumes were down nearly 30% in 2018 as both the offi ce and retail segments saw signifi cantly lower volumes last year whilst hotel investments were also lower year-on-year. Industrial and logistics investment on the other hand continued to increase in 2018 year-on-year.

Prime yields in the Netherlands continued to compress across nearly all market segments in 2018 except for retail unit shops which remained unchanged. Prime logistics yields have compressed 40 bps in 2018 YoY and at 4.50% are now below prime shopping centre yields (4.75%) in the Netherlands, The Netherlands is the only major European market where we currently observe logistics yields below the level of any other real estate sector.

SPAIN: INVESTMENT VOLUMES ALL ASSET CLASSES

NETHERLANDS: INVESTMENT VOLUMES ALL ASSET CLASSES

Focus on Italy

Recent Oxford Economics data seems to confi rm that Italy entered into a recession in the second half of 2018. A slightly better outcome during the fi rst half of last year means that annual GDP growth in 2018 should be around 0.8%.

Investment in the Italian commercial real estate (offi ces, retail, logistics, hotels and alternatives/others) reached € 8.7 billion in 2018. This was down 18% on the record 2017 result and still 5% lower if compared to 2016. Slower investment activity in 2018 was largely due to a signifi cant drop in the alternatives/other segment (-52% y-o-y) and investment in hotels declining 46% y-o-y. Meanwhile, investment in logistics assets was down by 24% whilst offi ce investments were nearly unchanged y-o-y and retail investments were a marginal 2% up.

Prime yields in Italy had been on a general downward trend since 2013 across all real estate segments. They continued to compress in 2018 albeit the pace of compression slowed across the board; and shopping centre yields reversed, moving out 10 bps y-o-y to 5.00%. Logistics prime yields saw the strongest compression since 2009 across all segments, down 210 bps whilst at the end of 2018 still maintaining a signifi cant gap of 210 bps to unit shops and 180 bps to offi ce properties. Meanwhile, they remain a narrower 40 bps above shopping centres.

Central and Eastern Europe

At ca. €13.23 billion, the year 2018 recorded an 11% increase over 2017 (€ 11.92 billion) in total and for the third year running set a new record transaction volume for the CEE region by over €1.3 billion. The full year breakdown saw Poland crush its previous record volume set in 2006 (€5.05 billion) and secured a massive regional share of 54%. This result was followed by the Czech Republic (19%), Hungary (14%), Romania (7%) and Slovakia (6%). The breakdown of volumes for 2018 is as follows:

For 2019, Jones Lang LaSalle expects continued, strong interest for product in the CEE markets although perhaps not to quite to levels seen in 2018. Jones Lang LaSalle current forecast for the full year suggests that CEE regional volumes will reach ca. €11.0 billion.

ITALY: INVESTMENT VOLUMES ALL ASSET CLASSES

CEE INVESTMENT VOLUME BY COUNTRIES

Source: JLL, January 2019

Focus on the Czech Republic

The Czech Republic still reports strong macro-economic performance and continues to be considered as the most stable country with the lowest investment risk rating within the CEE region. Retail sales continue to grow with an increasing importance and share of e-commerce sales. Offi ce, industrial as well as retail occupational markets have registered strong performance, leading to record low vacancies across the sectors, supporting the strong fundamentals of the real estate investment market.

On the basis of positive macro-economic results, the Czech Republic continues to be highly popular amongst both international and domestic capital, bringing investment volumes to ca. €1.41 billion in H2 2018, up by approximately 28% compared to H1 2018 (ca. €1.1 billion). Unlike most other CEE countries, Czech domestic investors dominated the market with a 50% share of volumes, followed by a 40% share of capital coming from Germany, mainly due to the acquisition of a CTP portfolio by Deka Immobilien.

The most signifi cant offi ce investment transactions in H2 2018 were Trimaran and Element in Prague 4, sold by Austrian developer S+B Gruppe to Allianz Real Estate, followed by Forum Karlin, sold by Czech billionaire – Zdeněk Bakala's company, BMM, to Amundi Czech Republic and Florenc Offi ce Center in Prague 8 sold by IAD Investments to Korean investor, Shinhan Financial. The last transaction resulted in the compression of the prime offi ce yield which as of Q4 2018 stands at the historically lowest level of 4.50%. The total offi ce investment volume recorded for H2 2018 reached € 502 million, accounting for approximately 36% of the total investment volume in H2 2018.

The most signifi cant retail transaction of H2 2018 was the acquisition of Forum Nova Karolina by Reico for €208 million, having bought the asset from Meyer Bergman & HOOPP. The remaining retail transactions were regional shopping centres, supermarkets and retail parks, typically acquired by Czech domestic investors.

With the largest transaction of the year being the acquisition of a CTP portfolio by Deka Immobilien worth € 458 million, the industrial and logistics sector volume totalled € 488 million in H2 2018. This sector usually suff ers from a lack of available A-class product and the transaction activity is concentrated around big ticket portfolio deals as evidenced by H2 2018.

Investor activity and appetite for investment product continues to be strong, however, it is limited by a lack of supply of prime assets and high price expectations of sellers. This has resulted in lower 2018 investment volumes on the Czech real estate market by approximately 29% compared to 2017.

In H2 2018, we recorded further yield compression with our view on prime yields as follows: prime offi ces compressed by 35 bps to 4.50% on the basis of Florence Offi ce Centre and on-going transactions, prime shopping centres remain at 4.85%. The industrial and logistics prime yield is down by 25 bps, now standing at 5.50%, evidenced by the acquisition of CTP parks by Deka. Prime retail parks are at 6.00% while prime high-street assets would trade at 3.50%.

Focus on Hungary

Although the fi rst half of 2018 started weak, the second half of the year proved to be especially strong, reaching a level of ca. €1.3 billion, the highest H2 volume since 2007.

The strong volume was the result of four large transactions (the disposal of Mammut Shopping Centre, Corvin Offi ces, MOM Park Shopping Centre and MillPark offi ce building), which generated nearly 60% of the total volume. As a result, the most active sectors were offi ces (45%) and retail (41%), followed by hotels (6%), industrial (4%) and assets for development purposes (4%).

The most signifi cant offi ce transaction was the disposal of Corvin Offi ces by Futureal. This sale is the largest offi ce deal on record in Hungary. The 6 existing assets were purchased by OTP RE Fund. Furthermore, ERSTE RE Fund purchased Mill Park Offi ces (the latest development of Skanska) and Diófa RE Fund acquired Alkotás Point from Heitman.

The main retail transactions include the sale of Mammut Shopping Centre by LoneStar to NEPI Rockcastle and the disposal of MOM Park Shopping Centre by a JV of Morgan Stanley, WING and CC Real to OTP RE Fund. A landmark high street retail unit was also transacted at the end of the year.

In the logistics asset class, Prologis sold two of its logistics parks, located in Százhalombatta (39,000 m²) and Üllő (37,000 m²) to Mapletree as part of its global portfolio including assets in Poland, France, Hungary and the US.

As a result of the strong H2, the annual investment volume exceeded the 2017 level and reached more than €1.85 billion, marking the third consecutive year of stable and strong investor appetite and the highest annual transaction volume since 2007. Prime yields compressed in every asset class during the year and are now at 5.25% for high street, 5.75% for offi ces and shopping centres and 7.25% for industrial.

Looking ahead we expect investor appetite to remain strong in 2019 with liquidity in all asset classes and segments.

Focus on Romania

In 2018, the property investment volume for Romania is estimated at circa €900 million, a value slightly below the one registered in 2017 (€963 million). However, several transactions in diff erent stages of negotiations were postponed and they are most likely be concluded during the fi rst half of 2019. The overall number of transactions decreased, although, the average deal size increased, standing at approximately €31 million.

Bucharest accounted for over 78% of the total investment volume, mainly due to two very large offi ce transactions in the city which were closed in Q2 and Q3, respectively. Market volumes were dominated by offi ce transactions (50%), while retail accounted for circa 35%.

The largest transaction registered in 2018 was the acquisition of the fi rst two phases of The Bridge, a 58,000 m² office park in Centre-West sub-market of Bucharest by Romanian Group Dedeman. Another notable offi ce transaction was the acquisition of the fi rst two phases of Oregon Park, a 68,500 m² offi ce park in the Floreasca Barbu Vacarescu sub-market in the north of Bucharest, by Lion's Head Investment.

The largest retail transaction of the year was the acquisition by Sonae Sierra of a 50% stake owned by Irish real estate developer Caelum Development in the Park Lake Shopping Centre, a dominant asset in the east of Bucharest. Other signifi cant transactions were the acquisition of Militari Shopping Centre owned by Atrium European Real Estate by MAS Real Estate for €95 million and the acquisition of the Festival Shopping Centre project of Primavera Development in Sibiu by NEPI Rockcastle for €21 million.

In the industrial sector, the largest transactions in 2018 included the acquisitions of CTP Cluj for €22 million and the purchase of Dunca Timisoara for €21 million, both by the Belgian group WDP.

The macro-economic forecast for Romania continues to be positive, despite recent concerns. The country was one of the EU's top performers in the fi rst 9 months of 2018 (with GDP growth estimated at 4.2%) and is expected to hold this position for 2019 as well. On the fi nancing side, terms and conditions are getting closer to what can be expected in the core CEE markets. Consequently, sentiment is strong, and confi dence is at one of the highest ever levels, with a total volume for 2019 estimated to surpass the €1 billion mark.

Retail, offi ce and industrial yields have all compressed by 25 bps over the year with prime retail yields standing at 7.00%, prime offi ce yields at 7.25% and prime industrial yields are at 8.25%.

German market 1

Leading logistics areas

Germany is the largest economy in Europe and the world's second largest exporter. It is also ranked number one globally in terms of its overall 'logistic performance' according to the World Bank's Logistics Performance Index (2018). With the eastwards expansion of the EU, Germany became even more centrally positioned within Europe and benefi ts from its geographical location as well as its excellent global connectivity.

Germany's logistics locations are highly fragmented. Traditionally, the principal markets are located around:

  • Hamburg, largely driven by the port, Europe's second largest container seaport;
  • Frankfurt-Rhein Main, driven by freight activities surrounding the airport as well as the large customer base in the metropolitan area;
  • Ruhr area & Düsseldorf-Cologne corridor, which are still largely manufacturing based;
  • Munich, focused on the high-tech sector;
  • Berlin, the national capital.

There are also several smaller logistics locations which have emerged only over the last few years such as the Kassel/Bad Hersfeld area (the most centrally located area in Europe) and Leipzig/Halle (benefi tting from airport development) - off ering a higher availability of development sites in combination with lower land prices and lower rental values. Other smaller regional markets are the Rhein-Neckar area, Hanover/Brunswick, Stuttgart/Heilbronn, Osnabrück/Münster, Nuremberg, Erfurt, Bremen and Mönchengladbach.

Over the next few years, JadeWeserPort container port could also see an acceleration in local activity, provided the area can overcome limitations in transport infrastructure and initial occupier caution.

Take-up of logistics space

In 2018 the German warehousing market saw a new record take-up level at over 6.6 million m² including units of 5,000 m² and over. This is 9% above the previous record year (2016) and 13% up on a slightly lower 2017. It is also still 24% ahead on the fi ve-year average. The share of total takeup attributable to lettings was 64% (+ 7% year-on-year). Take-up by owner occupiers increased by 18%.

Take-up in the Big 5 conurbations (Berlin, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Hamburg and Munich) was around 1.5 million m² in 2018, which is 4% ahead on the previous record in 2016 and 20% on the fi ve-year average.

The highest take-up in 2018 amongst the Big 5 was recorded in the Frankfurt region at around 500,000 m². This was followed by the Hamburg region with 315,000 m². Both regions were at a similar level compared to the previous year. The strongest growth was seen in the Munich region (49%), followed by Berlin and Düsseldorf (13% respectively). Berlin was also home to the three largest deals within the Big 5 conurbations: Chef Culinar, DHL and sports retailer Decathlon each leased around 40,000 m² in project developments in Ludwigsfelde on the southern periphery of Berlin.

Take-up of around 5.1 million m² was recorded in areas outside the Big 5 conurbations (further referred to as regional take-up), exceeding the fi ve million m² mark for the fi rst time on record. This was 14% above the previous year's total and 26% on the fi ve-year average.

Take-up attributable to lettings rose 9% year-on-year and take- up by owner-occupiers rose by 21%. Around 80% of all take-up was in new-build properties and project developments, and 95% of take-up was in the ≥50,000 m² size category. Three of the four largest deals of the year were registered in the fi rst quarter: XXXLutz laid the foundation stone for its new e-commerce logistics centre at Erfurter Kreuz, where around 200,000 m² of logistics space will be completed by 2022. A large logistics centre with around 114,000 m² is under construction for Amazon in Oelde and over 100,000 m² is under construction for the logistics company Hammer in Inden close to Eschweiler. At the end of 2018, work commenced on the construction of an approx. 100,000 m² logistics centre for Amazon in Sülzetal, close to the city of Magdeburg.

The highest regional take-up was in the Ruhr region with around 574,000 m², followed in second and third place by the Leipzig/Halle region (around 300,000 m²) and the Rhein-Neckar region (275,000 m²) respectively. The take-up statistics outside the Big 5 conurbations were dominated by the distribution/logistics sector with 1.9 million m² (38%), followed by manufacturing companies with around 1.6 million m² (31%) and retail companies with around 1.3 million m² (of which approx. 615,000 m² were in the e-commerce sector).

Evolution of rental levels

The short-term supply of modern logistics space continued to decline in the Big 5 conurbations. Around 905,000 m² of logistics space was completed in 2018 but just 23% was still available at the time of completion. Around 580,000 m² is currently under construction in the Big 5, of which just under one third is still unlet. The majority of space currently under construction (46%) is located in the Frankfurt region.

Prime rents in Germany had been fairly resilient during the recession of 2009 and the following Eurozone fi nancial crisis. That said, following some growth in 2011, further rental growth has remained patchy.

Within the Big 5 conurbations, rents in Düsseldorf and Frankfurt had remained unchanged since 2011. Elsewhere, prime rents in Berlin were up 6.4% in 2016 and increased a significant 10% in 2018. Hamburg recorded a 3.6% rental increase in 2018, the first after 2011. Germany's most expansive market, Munich, meanwhile had recorded various years of rental growth since 2011 and in 2018 rose another 5.2%.

Rental levels are forecast to continue to trend upwards across all Big 5 conurbations with estimated annual growth over the next four years strongest in Hamburg at 1.4%, followed by Frankfurt (1.3%), Munich (1.0%), Düsseldorf (0.9%) and Berlin (0.6%).

Immediate and future logistics off er

Estimations of logistics vacancy rates in Germany are historically low. Prolonged strong occupier demand over recent years pushed the estimated vacancy rate as low as around the 4% mark in 2016, and it has remained around this level since.

Continued low vacancy rates are clearly refl ected in the high level of take-up taking being build-to-suit driven.

At the start of 2019, nearly 4 million m² of new space was under development across Germany of which less than 200,000 m² were speculative. As a result, vacancy levels in Germany are expected to remain at current low levels.

Considering expectations of continued robust take-up in combination with low vacancy Jones Lang LaSalle expects strong development activity. However, land availability for new warehouse developments both in brownfi eld and green fi eld locations, continues to decline across Germany. Increasingly, this is encouraging project developers to build land banks at long-term strategic locations. However, many municipalities require the disclosure of end user details, including expected trade tax revenues and planned number of employees, even before the land is sold. The developer must typically guarantee the creation of at least 25 new jobs per hectare of land. Add to the increasing shortage of space and rising property and building costs, this poses greater challenges for the development of new logistics space.

PRIME RENTAL BANDS

Source: JLL EMEA, February 2019

NEW WAREHOUSING SPACE UNDER CONSTRUCTION

Source: JLL EMEA, February 2019

Spanish market1

Leading logistics areas

The logistics markets in both Madrid and Barcelona are laid out in three concentric rings, each of which refl ects a diff erent type of activity or product managed by logistics platforms.

Operators are concentrated along the primary logistics routes. These include the A-2, A-3, A-4 and A-42 roads heading out of Madrid and the A-2 and AP-7 in Barcelona. These roads in both cities pass through all three rings. Operators are located along various stretches depending on the type of freight traffi c and whether they are focused on local, regional or national/international transport.

Take-up of logistics space

Continued strong occupier activity in Spain in 2018 was driven by sound economic growth and more and more occupiers seeking to future-proof their supply chain operations by moving into appropriate logistics facilities. In total, 2.2 million m² of logistics space was taken-up in 2018. This was 25% higher than the previous year and the fi rst time that the two million m² threshold has been exceeded.

Madrid continued to lead market activity, accounting for over 40% of total takeup (more than 900,000 m²) in 2018. However, the strongest year-on-year growth was achieved in Barcelona where total take-up rose to over 650,000 m² in 2018, up 43% year-on-year, compared to only 15% growth in Madrid.

Unsurprisingly, 3PLs and logistics companies led total take-up last year, accounting for nearly 50% of total take-up. Retail companies followed at 18% of the total whilst manufacturing companies achieved a limited 9%; however, it was the latter marking the steepest year-on-year growth nearly doubling the amount of space take-up in 2018 compared to the previous year. Meanwhile, units taken up specifi cally for e-fulfi lment (including all occupier segments) accounted for 8% of the total. Albeit total take-up of e-fulfi lment space more than halved in 2018 compared to a strong 2017 when this segment accounted for 21% of total annual take-up, it was only marginally below the European average (10%), highlighting continued active demand for such space.

Evolution of rental levels

Prime logistics rents recorded a 5% increase in 2018 y-o-y in Madrid, following stable levels in 2017 and a 5.3% increase in 2016. Meanwhile rents have been unchanged in Barcelona since 2015 when they grew by 3.8% year-on-year. As a result, prime rents at the end of 2018 stood at € 81.00/m²/year in Barcelona and at € 63.00/m²/year in Madrid. Looking ahead, prime logistics rents are projected to show further growth in 2019, led by Madrid where rents in 2019 could potentially grow above 4% year-on-year whilst prime logistics rents in Barcelona are expected to grow by less than 1% this year.

Immediate and future logistics off er

At the end of 2018, immediately available functional logistics space across Spain reached a historic low. The aggregate vacancy rate for Spain had dropped to 3.5%, down from nearly 14% in 2013. Vacant logistics space was lowest in Barcelona at the end of 2018, at 3.1% whilst reaching a still limited 3.8% in Madrid.

Looking at future supply, nearly 1.7 million m² of new logistics space was under construction at the start of 2019. What's more, nearly 60% of total space under construction was attributable to space being built speculatively. In fact, the Spanish market is currently recording the highest level of speculative development across all major European markets both in actual square meters and the share of speculative space developed compared to total space under construction nationally; albeit it is slightly down on the previous year.

Most speculative build units that came onto the market throughout 2018 were taken up quickly thanks to continued strong occupier demand. Whilst we expect occupier demand to remain on robust levels in 2019, driven by continued supply chain alignment to e-commerce, the general global economic slowdown and downside risks stemming from geopolitical uncertainty (in particular the risk of rising trade tariff s) plus strong speculative development activity might lead to an uptick in vacancy rates throughout 2019.

PRIME RENTAL BANDS

NEW WAREHOUSING SPACE UNDER CONSTRUCTION

Source: JLL EMEA, February 2019

The Netherlands1

Leading logistics areas

The Netherlands logistics market is characterized by its two major global gateway sites: Rotterdam harbour is Europe's leading container port whilst Schiphol airport ranks as 3rd largest European cargo airport. As such the country is regarded as one of the major European freight forwarding markets.

The Dutch logistics market is divided into six diff erent clusters, comprising the two major distribution hubs Amsterdam and Rotterdam as well as the for regional areas West-Noord Brabant, Mid-Noord Brabant, Southeast-Noord Brabant and North Limburg.

Take-up of logistics space

Total logistics take-up in the Netherlands in 2018 exceeded the 3 million m² threshold for the fi rst time on record. It was up another 10% if compared to 2017 and nearly double its fi ve-year average. Strong growth was driven by a combination of continued economic growth and structural change, in particular strongly rising e-commerce activity in the market.

Units taken specifi cally for e-commerce activity in 2018 continued to increase 17% y-o-y. That said, take-up growth last year was driven by manufacturing companies, up 300% y-o-y, albeit this marked a recovery on a slow 2017 and was still below activity levels seen in 2015 and 2016. Overall, take-up was led by 3PLs, accounting for 60% of the total in 2018 and up 44% y-o-y.

Occupier activity was highest in North-Limburg, driven by the larger Venlo area, accounting for nearly 20% of the 2018 total. The West-Noord Brabant area (12%) and the wider Rotterdam area (11%) followed as the second and third strongest logistics markets last year.

Evolution of rental levels

Prime logistics rents in the Netherlands are highest in Schiphol (Amsterdam) at € 85.00/m²/year where they have remained stable since 2013. Meanwhile, following a 4% y-o-y growth in 2017, prime rents increased another 3.8% y-o-y in 2018 in Rotterdam where they stood at € 67.50/m²/ year at the end of last year. Prime rents are still signifi cantly lower across the southern Dutch submarkets. They stood at € 50.00/m²/year in the wider Venlo area (North-Limburg), the most dynamic regional Dutch market. With a signifi cant 8.7% y-o-y increase in 2018, the wider Venlo market also saw the highest rental growth across the Netherlands last year.

Looking ahead, prime rents are expected to remain stable in 2019 in Amsterdam while growing at over 3.0% p.a. in 2020 to 2022. Meanwhile, rental growth in Rotterdam is expected to come in at over 2.0% p.a. in 2019 and should continue in this range during the following three years.

Immediate and future logistics off er

Over the past 10 years, vacancy of logistics space in the Netherlands remained relatively limited, peaking at nearly 8% in 2014. At the end of 2018, the overall Dutch vacancy rate stood at 4.1%, slightly up on a 3.7% rate recorded a year earlier. Nevertheless, immediately available logistics space related to total stock marks one of the lowest levels across the major European logistics markets.

Vacancy rates at the end of 2018 were lowest in the Venlo/North-Limburg market at below 2%. It stood at a still moderate 3.3% in the wider Amsterdam market and at 5.5% in the wider Rotterdam market.

Looking at future supply, more than 1.9 million m² of new logistics space was under construction at the start of 2019, up 9% on the previous year. This was the third highest construction pipeline across Europe, only behind Germany and the UK. A total of 46% of this space (nearly 900,000 m²) were under construction speculatively, which was 70% higher if compared to speculative space under construction one year earlier. The Netherlands currently recorded the highest volume of speculative logistics space under construction after Spain.

Development activity is led by the wider Rotterdam market, where 65% of the total space under construction (260,000 m²) are speculative. The wider Amsterdam market follows in terms of total new space under construction and a 47% share of speculative units.

Most space speculatively under construction throughout 2018 had been taken up relatively quickly, as refl ected in the low overall vacancy rate. Expectations of continued economic growth in 2019 and further supply chain alignment in the logistics real estate market should support further robust take-up levels in the Netherlands in 2019. However, a general global economic slowdown and downside risks stemming from geopolitical uncertainty and the risk of rising trade tariff s, could mean that strong speculative development activity might lead to an uptick in vacancy rates throughout 2019.

PRIME RENTAL BANDS

Source: JLL EMEA, February 2019

NEW WAREHOUSING SPACE UNDER CONSTRUCTION

Italian market1

Leading logistics areas

The Italian logistics market historically remains a less open market if compared to other Western European countries as it is predominantly driven by domestic consumption and has limited links to external economies.

The Milan/Lombardy area, as Italy's economic and industrial powerhouse, is historically the most dynamic logistics market across Italy. Meanwhile, Rome accounting for a similar population size also accounts for a sizable logistics stock whilst the market remains signifi cantly less dynamic and even more locally driven if compared to Milan. Among the smaller markets, Bologna is benefi tting from its strategic location at the crossroads of northern and southern Italy whilst the Veneto market remains a relatively dynamically growing area as well.

Take-up of logistics space

The Italian warehousing market in 2018 reached nearly 1.5 million m² in 2018. Whilst this was 16% less than in the 2017 record year it was still the second strongest result on record. The Italian warehousing market is driven by signifi cant supply chain alignment supporting further strong growth in online sales. As a result, take-up in smaller units located in closer proximity to the end customer to support fi nal mile delivery has increased. In 2018, this segment accounted for nearly 80% of total take-up, up from around 70% in 2017. On the other hand, takeup in units of 10,000 m² and above weakened in 2018, leading to the overall slight decline in annual take-up.

Unsurprisingly, take-up was led by the wider Milan area, accounting for more than half of the 2018 total. Bologna followed at 10% whilst Rome and the Veneto area achieved 8% and 7% respectively. 3PLs remained the leading occupier group in 2018, accounting for over 40% of total take-up. Manufacturing companies followed at nearly one quarter of the total thanks to a strong 70% y-o-y growth of space taken-up by this group after several years of subdued occupational activity. Retail companies accounted of 13% of total take-up whilst space taken-up specifi cally for e-commerce reached 12%.

Evolution of rental levels

Prime rents in the wider Milan area started to recover from 2015 onwards, growing an average of 4.7% p.a. between 2015 and 2017. They continued to edge up in 2018 albeit at a more moderate 1.8% to € 56.00/m²/year. Prime rents in the wider Rome market started to recover in 2017, growing a solid 5.8% that year. This was followed by a slower 1.8% in 2018 with prime rents in Rome now standing at the same level than Milan at € 56.00/m²/year.

Meanwhile, rents also continued to rise in the smaller markets during 2018, growing a strong 5.9% y-o-y in Bologna to € 54.00/m²/year and 2.1% in the Veneto region to € 49.00/m²/year. Looking ahead, moderate rental growth should continue during 2019 - 2021 across the major markets albeit growth should remain below the 2% market in Milan and Rome.

Immediate and future logistics off er

Vacancy rates in the Italian warehousing market have been historically low. At the end of 2018, they stood at 3.6% for Italy as a whole, marginally down from 3.9% a year earlier. Meanwhile, looking at the most dynamic Italian warehousing market, Milan, vacancy rates have been almost static over the past fi ve years, hovering at around 2%.

At the start of 2019, just over 900,000 m² of new logistics space was under construction across Italy, increasing more than two-fold if compared to one year earlier. Roughly one quarter of the space under construction was speculative. Considering that speculative constructions continues to be fairly moderate and occupier demand still driven by strong growth in online sales, vacancy in warehousing assets in Italy should remain fairly contained in 2019.

PRIME RENTAL BANDS MARKET PRIME RENT Milan 56/m²/year Rome 56/m²/year Bologna 54/m²/year Veneto region 49/m²/year

Source: JLL EMEA, February 2019

NEW WAREHOUSING SPACE UNDER CONSTRUCTION

Report of the

Board of Directors

Corporate governance statement

In accordance with the original Belgian Code on Corporate Governance published in 2004, the Board of Directors has, on 17 January 2008, adopted the VGP Corporate Governance Charter.

Following the publication of the 2009 Belgian Code on Corporate Governance, the Board of Directors has, on 20 April 2010, adopted the 2009 Code as the reference code for VGP and revised the VGP Corporate Governance Charter.

On 7 October 2017 the Board of Directors has further revised the VGP Corporate Governance Charter and included a.o. an anti-bribery section into the VGP Corporate Governance Charter. VGP complies in principle with the Belgian Corporate Governance Code and explains in the VGP Corporate Governance Charter and in this Corporate Governance Statement why it departs from some of its provisions.

The Belgian Corporate Governance Code is available at: www.corporategovernancecommittee.be

The VGP Corporate Governance Charter is available at: www.vgpparks.eu

Board of Directors

The Board of Directors consists of fi ve members, who are appointed by the General Meeting of Shareholders. The Chairman and the Chief Executive Offi cer are never the same individual. The Chief Executive Offi cer is the only Board member with an executive function. All other members are non-executive Directors.

Three of the Directors are independent: Mr Marek Šebesťák (fi rst appointed in 2007), Mr Alexander Saverys (fi rst appointed in 2007) and Rijo Advies BVBA represented by Jos Thys (fi rst appointed in 2007).

The biographies for each of the current directors (see Board of Directors and Management), indicate the breadth of their business, fi nancial and international experience. This gives the directors the range of skills, knowledge and experience essential to govern VGP.

For a detailed description of the operation and responsibilities of the Board of Directors we refer to the VGP Corporate Governance Charter, which is published on the company's website.

The Board of Directors have not and do not intend to appoint a company secretary. By doing so the company deviates from the recommendation 2.9 of the Corporate Governance Code. The small size of the company and its Board of Directors make such appointment not necessary.

The Board of Directors held 6 board meetings in 2018 of which 1 was held by conference call. The most important points on the agenda were:

  • approval of the 2017 annual accounts and 2018 semi-annual accounts;
  • approval of budgets;
  • review and discussion of the fourth closing with VGP European Logistics ;
  • review and discussion of the property portfolio (i.e. investments, tenant issues etc.);
  • review, discussion and approval of the investments and expansion of the land bank and expansion into the Austrian, Benelux, Italian and Portuguese markets;
  • review and approval of new fi nancing arrangements to support the growth of the Group I.e. approval of the issuance of a new bond.
NAME YEAR
APPOINTED
NEXT DUE FOR
RE-ELECTION
MEETINGS
ATTENDED
Executive director and Chief Executive Officer
Jan Van Geet s.r.o. represented by Jan Van Geet 2017 2021 6
Non-executive director
VM Invest NV, represented by Bart Van Malderen 2017 2021 5
Independent, non-executive directors
Marek Šebesťák 2015 2019 6
Alexander Saverys 2015 2019 5
Rijo Advies BVBA represented by Jos Thys 2015 2019 6

Immediately after the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders of 10 May 2019 the mandates of the three independent directors will expire. The mandates of the current independent directors will not be renewed as all three independent directors will no longer, in accordance with article 526ter of the Companies Code, qualify as independent directors.

A proposal to appoint three new independent directors i.e. Mrs Ann Gaeremynck, Mrs Katherina Reiche and Mrs Vera Gäde-Butzlaff , will be submitted to the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders of 10 May 2019 for approval.

Subject to the approval by the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders, the composition of the Board of Directors will meet the gender diversity requirement laid down in article 526 quater §2 of the Companies Code.

Committees of the Board of Directors

The Board of Directors has also established two advisory committees: and Audit Committee and a Remuneration Committee.

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee is composed of three members whom are all non-executive Directors. Two members, Mr Jos Thys and Mr Marek Šebesťák, are independent. The members of the committee possess sound knowledge of fi nancial management.

For a detailed description of the operation and responsibilities of the Audit Committee we refer to the VGP Corporate Governance Charter, which is published on the company's website.

The Audit Committee meets at least twice a year. By doing so the company deviates from the recommendation in the provisions 5.2/28 of the Corporate Governance Code that requires the Audit Committee to convene at least four times a year. The deviation is justifi ed considering the smaller size of the company.

The Audit Committee meets at least twice a year with the statutory auditor to consult with them about matters falling under the power of the Audit Committee and about any matters arising from the audit. The CEO and CFO also attend the meetings of the Audit Committee. Given the size of the Group no internal audit function has currently been created.

NAME YEAR
APPOINTED
EXECUTIVE OR
NON-EXECUTIVE
INDEPENDENT NEXT DUE FOR
RE-ELECTION
MEETINGS
ATTENDED
Jos Thys (Chairman) 2015 Non-executive Independent 2019 2
Bart Van Malderen 2017 Non-executive 2021 1
Marek Šebesťák 2015 Non-executive Independent 2019 2

The Audit Committee met twice in 2018. The Chairman of the Audit Committee reported the outcome of each meeting to the Board of Directors. The most important points on the agenda were:

  • discussion on the 2017 annual accounts and 2018 semi-annual accounts and business updates;
  • analysis of the recommendations made by the statutory auditor;
  • fi nancing structure of the Group;
  • the debt and liquidity situation;
  • discussion, review and approval of proposed scope and fees for audit and non-audit work carried out by Deloitte.

Remuneration Committee

The Remuneration Committee is composed of three members whom are all nonexecutive Directors. Two members, Mr Jos Thys and Mr Alexander Saverys, are independent. The committee's competence in the fi eld of remuneration policy is demonstrated by the relevant experience of its members.

For a detailed description of the operation and responsibilities of the Remuneration Committee we refer to the VGP Corporate Governance Charter, which is published on the company's website.

The Remuneration Committee meets at least two times per year, as well as whenever the committee needs to address imminent topics within the scope of its responsibilities. The CEO and CFO participate in the meetings when the remuneration plan proposed by the CEO for members of the management team is discussed, but not when their own remunerations are being decided.

In fulfi lling its responsibilities, the Remuneration Committee has access to all resources that it deems appropriate, including external advice or benchmarking as appropriate.

NAME YEAR
APPOINTED
EXECUTIVE OR
NON-EXECUTIVE
INDEPENDENT NEXT DUE FOR
RE-ELECTION
MEETINGS
ATTENDED
Bart Van Malderen (Chairman) 2017 Non-executive 2021 1
Alexander Saverys 2015 Non-executive Independent 2019 2
Jos Thys 2015 Non-executive Independent 2019 2

The Remuneration Committee met two times in 2018.

  • The most important points on the agenda were:
  • discussion on remuneration policy;
  • allocation of variable remuneration;
  • implementation of a new long term incentive plan.

Nomination Committee

The company has not set up a Nomination Committee. By doing so the company deviates from the recommendation in the provisions 5.3 of the Corporate Governance Code. The deviation is justifi ed considering the smaller size of the company.

Management Committee

Since no Management Committee in the meaning of article 524bis et seq of the Belgian Companies Code has been established, the company has not included specifi c terms of reference of the executive management. The tasks, responsibilities and powers of the CEO and the executive management are set out in the terms of reference of the Board of Directors. By doing so, the company as a smaller listed company deviates from the recommendation in provision 6.1 of the Corporate Governance Code.

Evaluation of the Board of Directors and its committees

In accordance with the VGP Corporate Governance Charter, the Board of Directors shall, every three years, conduct an evaluation of its size, composition and performance, and the size, composition and performance of its Committees, as well as the interaction with the Executive Management. Reference is made to the Terms of Reference of the Board of Directors – in Annex 1 of the VGP Corporate Governance Charter - for a description of the main characteristics of the methodology used for this evaluation.

The Board of Directors and its Committees carried out a self-assessment in February 2018 with satisfactory result.

Remuneration report

Remuneration policy for non-executive Directors

The independent and non-executive Directors receive an annual fi xed remuneration of € 10,000 (the chairman receives an fi xed annual remuneration of € 20,000). The Directors also receive an attendance fee of € 1,000 for each meeting of the Board of Directors (the chairman receives an attendance fee of € 2,000) and € 500 for each meeting of the Audit Committee or the Remuneration Committee they attend. For further details of the remuneration policy of the Directors we refer to Annex 2 point 6.1 of the VGP Corporate Governance Charter.

Non-executive Directors do not receive any remuneration linked to performance or results. Given the growth of the Group and additional remuneration might be proposed for approval by the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders from time to time.

The Annual General Meeting of Shareholders of 11 May 2018 approved an additional remuneration of € 33,000 for each independent director. The remuneration of the members of the Board of Directors is refl ected in the table below: for the year 2018

NAME FIXED VARIABLE VARIABLE TOTAL
amounts in € REMUNERATION BOARD
ATTENDANCE
COMMITTEE
ATTENDANCE
Chairman
Marek Šebesťák 20,000 45,000 1,000 66,000
Directors
Alexander Saverys 10,000 38,000 1,000 49,000
Rijo Advies BVBA represented by Jos Thys 10,000 39,000 2,000 51,000
VM Invest NV, represented by Bart Van Malderen 10,000 5,000 1,000 16,000
Jan Van Geet s.r.o., represented by Jan Van Geet 10,000 6,000 - 16,000
Total 60,000 133,000 5,000 198,000

Remuneration policy for Executive Management

For the Executive Management the remuneration is determined by the Remuneration Committee in line with the rules described in the company's charter Annex 2 point 6.2 of the VGP Corporate Governance Charter.

The Executive Management consists of Jan Van Geet s.r.o. represented by Jan Van Geet (Chief Executive Offi cer), Jan Prochazka (Chief Operating Offi cer), Dirk Stoop BVBA represented by Dirk Stoop (Chief Financial Offi cer), Tomas Van Geet s.r.o. represented by Tomas Van Geet (Chief Commercial Offi cer), Jan Papoušek s.r.o. represented by Jan Papoušek (Chief Operating Offi cer – Outside CZ), Matthias Sander s.r.o. represented by Matthias Sander (Chief Investment Offi cer) and MB Vlutters BVBA represented by Martijn Vlutters (Vice President – Business Development & Investor Relations).

VGP strives overall for a position above the market median on the total reward position with a substantial variable part based on company, team and individual performance.

Given the small organisation of the Group the VGP remuneration including the variable remuneration is set based on the performance criteria defi ned by the Remuneration Committee on an annual basis and paid out in cash. These criteria relate amongst others to the occupancy rate of the income generating assets, the gearing level of the Group, the profi t contribution of the development activities and the maximisation of shareholder value.

The Remuneration Committee will from time to time approve an overall variable remuneration envelope based on the company's performance and delegates the eff ective allocation of this variable remuneration to the CEO. The allocation by the CEO to executive and senior management will occur based on individual performance taking the overall performance criteria as set by the Remuneration Committee into consideration.

The remuneration policy is reviewed on an annual basis to accommodate potential developments in (labour) market characteristics, company strategy, company and individual performance as well as other relevant factors infl uencing the performance and motivation of the management team. Currently VGP expects to continue the current practice for the next two fi nancial years.

Remuneration package 2018 of the CEO

  • fi xed remuneration of € 300,000 and a total directorship remuneration of € 16,000
  • short term variable remuneration: € 0
  • contribution of retirement benefi ts: € 0
  • other components of the remuneration: € 36,380 (includes company car and related expenses)

Total remuneration 2018 for the executive management

The amount of the remuneration and other benefi ts granted directly or indirectly to the executive management members other than the Chief Executive Offi cer, by the Company or its subsidiaries, in respect of 2018 is set forth below on a global basis.

  • fi xed remuneration of € 779,811
  • short term variable remuneration: € 700,000
  • contribution of retirement benefi ts of € 57,533
  • other components of the remuneration: € 84,315 (company car and related expenses)

Long-term incentive plan for VGP team

The Board of Directors, based on the recommendation of the remuneration committee has agreed to set up a new long-term incentive plan in 2018. The new plan will allocate profi t sharing units ("Units"), to the respective VGP team members (including the executive management team). One Unit represents the equivalent of one VGP NV share on a net asset value basis. After an initial lock-up period of 5 year each participant will be able to return the Units against the payment of the proportional net asset value growth of such Units. At any single point in time, the number of Units outstanding (i.e. awarded and not yet vested) cannot exceed 5% of the total equivalent shares of the Company. For the fi nancial year 2018 there were no Units allocated to the VGP team and the plan will therefore only become really eff ective as from 2019 onwards.

VGP Misv incentive plan

The Group has an incentive structure in place for selected members of the Group's management which was set up after the initial public offering of December 2007 and whereby the existing reference shareholders have transferred a number of VGP shares representing 5 percent of the aggregate number of shares in VGP NV into VGP MISV, a limited partnership controlled by Mr Bart Van Malderen as managing partner ("beherend vennoot"/"associé commandité"). This structure does not have any dilutive eff ect on any existing or new shareholders. shares. During the second half of 2018 and following the expiration of a 5 yearlock-up period certain members of the VGP team sold their respective VGP MISV shares to VGP NV. VGP NV acquired 330,830 VGP Misv shares for an aggregate amount of € 8.6 million. Following the acquisition of these shares, VGP NV currently holds 78.83% in VGP Misv Comm. VA as at the end of December 2018. Based on known variables as at the reporting date the remaining 21.17% would entail a cash out of circa € 6.6 million as at the reporting date. It is foreseen that this plan will gradually phase out over the next 3 years. For 2018 no post-employment benefi ts nor share based payment benefi ts were granted.

The members of the executive team are appointed for an undetermined period and the notifi cation period, in case of termination of their employment contract is 12 months. This rule applies to all members of the executive management. Furthermore, there are no claw back provisions for variable remuneration.

Policies of conduct

Transparency of transactions involving shares of VGP

In line with the Royal Decree of 5 March 2006, members of the Board of Directors and the executive management must notify the FSMA (Financial Services and Markets Authority) of any transactions involving shares of VGP within 5 business days after the transaction. These transactions are made public on the web site of the FSMA (http://www.fsma.be).

Reference is also made to Annex 4 of the VGP Corporate Governance Charter on http://www.vgpparks.eu/investors/ corporate-governance/.

The insider transactions which occurred during 2018 can be summarised as follows:

(i) through a number of separate transactions Mrs Griet Van Malderen bought 103,949 VGP NV shares during the fi rst half of 2018 of which the acquisition of 78,949 VGP NV shares were already disclosed in the 2017 Annual Report.

Conflict of interest

In accordance with Article 523 of the Companies Code, a member of the Board of Directors should give the other members prior notice of any agenda items in respect of which he has a direct or indirect confl ict of interest of a fi nancial nature with the Company.

One confl ict of interests arose during 2018 in respect of the waiver by Little Rock SA of its 5% variable fee of the consolidated gross profi t for the fi nancial years 2018 and 2019. We refer to the 2017 Annual Report – page 48 and the board of director's report attached to the 31 December 2017 statutory accounts for further information.

Risk management and internal controls

VGP operates a risk management and control function in accordance with the Companies Law Code and the Belgian Corporate Governance Code 2009.

VGP is exposed to a wide variety of risks within the context of its business operations that can result in the objectives being aff ected or not achieved. Controlling those risks is a core task of the Board of Directors, the Executive Management and all other employees with managerial responsibilities.

The risk management and control systems have been set up to reach the following goals:

  • achievement of objectives related to eff ectiveness and effi ciency of operations;
  • reliability of fi nancial reporting, and;
  • compliance with applicable laws and regulations.

The principles of the Committee of Sponsoring Organisations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO") reference framework has served as a basis in the set-up of VGP's risk management and control system.

CONTROL ENVIRONMENT

VGP strives for an overall compliance and a risk-awareness attitude by defi ning clear roles and responsibilities in all relevant domains. This way, the company fosters an environment in which its business objectives and strategies are pursued in a controlled manner. This environment is created through the implementation of diff erent policies and procedures, such as:

  • Code of ethics and conduct;
  • Decision and signatory authority limits;
  • Quality management and fi nancial reporting system

Given the size of the company and required fl exibility these policies and procedures are not always formally documented. The Executive Management ensures that all VGP team members are fully aware of the policies and procedures and ensures that all VGP team members have suffi cient understanding or are adequately informed in order to develop suffi cient risk management and control at all levels and in all areas of the Group.

RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Risk management and process and methodology

All employees are accountable for the timely identifi cation and qualitative assessment of the risks (and signifi cant changes to them) within their area of responsibility.

Within the diff erent key, management, assurance, and supporting processes, the risks associated with the business are identifi ed, analysed, pre-evaluated and challenged by internal and occasionally by external assessments.

In addition to these integrated risk reviews, periodic assessments are performed to check whether proper risk review and control measures are in place and to discover unidentifi ed or unreported risks. These processes are driven by the CEO, COO and CFO which monitor and analyse on an ongoing basis the various levels of risk and develop any action plan as appropriate. In addition, control activities are embedded in all key processes and systems in order to assure proper achievement of the company objectives.

Any identifi ed risks, which could have a material impact on the fi nancial or operational performance of the Group are reported to the Board of Directors for further discussion and assessment and to allow the Board to decide whether such risks are acceptable from a level of risk exposure.

Most important risk factors

VGP has identifi ed and analysed all its key corporate risks as disclosed in the 'Risk Factors' section in this annual report. These corporate risks are communicated throughout VGP's organisation.

Statutory auditor

DELOITTE Bedrijfsrevisoren BV o.v.v.e. CVBA having its offi ces at Gateway Building, Luchthaven Brussel Nationaal 1 J, 1930 Zaventem, Belgium represented by Mr. Rik Neckebroeck has been appointed as Statutory Auditor.

The Statutory Auditor's term of offi ce expires immediately after the annual shareholders' meeting to be held in 2020 and at which the decision will be taken to approve the annual accounts closed on 31 December 2019.

In compliance with the rules governing the rotation of the representative of the statutory auditor (Deloitte Bedrijfsrevisoren CVBA) which require that such representative is replaced every 6 years, Mr Rik Neckebroeck will be replaced by Mrs Kathleen De Brabander as representative of Deloitte Bedrijfsrevioren CVBA for the remaining duration of the audit mandate (1 fi nancial year) as from the closing of the annual shareholders' meeting of 10 May 2019.

Risk factors

The following risk factors that could infl uence the Group's activities, its fi nancial status, its results and further development, have been identifi ed by the Group.

The Group takes and will continue to take the necessary measures to manage those risks as eff ectively as possible. The Group is amongst others exposed to:

Risks related to the Group's industry, properties and operations

The Group's business, operations and financial conditions are significantly affected by the Joint Venture

The Joint Venture has an exclusive right of fi rst refusal (in accordance with the conditions as set forth in the JVA) in relation to acquiring the Czech, German, Hungarian and Slovak income generating assets of the Group. The Joint Venture does not have any contractual or legal obligation to acquire the income generating assets proposed by VGP. There is therefore a risk that the Joint Venture would discontinue acquiring the completed assets from the Group. In such an event, VGP is entitled under the terms of the JVA to dispose of such income-generating assets itself. Any delay in the disposal of such income-generating asserts could have a material adverse eff ect on the short-term cash position of VGP which may in turn have a negative impact on the Group's business, fi nancial condition and results of operations.

The properties that have on the date of this annual report already been sold to the Joint Venture generated a significant contribution to the income and result of the Group. Prior to their sale, and their deconsolidation has resulted and will further result in a decrease of the reported gross rental income of the Group. The portfolio sold to the Joint Venture in the fourth JV Closing at the end of April 2018 represented a gross rental income for the Group of € 3.2 million for the period 1 January 2018 to 30 April 2018. As at 31 December 2018 the committed annualize rent attributed to the Joint Venture amounts to € 70.9 million (compared to € 52.5 million as at 31 December 2017).

If Jan Van Geet, as CEO of the Group, would no longer devote suffi cient time to the development of the portfolio of the Joint Venture, Allianz can, upon notice thereof, stop the acquisition process of the proposed income-generating assets, until Jan Van Geet has been replaced to the satisfaction of Allianz. Such temporary standstill of Allianz's investment obligation might negatively impact the short-term cash position of the Group. Prospective investors should furthermore note that the Joint Venture Agreement between VGP and Allianz may be subject to amendment or may be terminated in accordance with the provisions thereof. Any such amendment or termination may have a material adverse impact on VGP's fi nancial position and income.

The Group acts as development manager vis-à-vis the Joint Venture and in such capacity, the Group is responsible for ensuring that any development is being made within the initially agreed construction price/budget. In case the actual construction cost would be higher than the initial construction budget, any top-up payment to which VGP would be entitled under the terms of its agreements with the Joint Venture and Allianz will be adversely aff ected. In case the actual construction costs would be higher than the market value of the completed building, then such difference would need to be fully borne by the Group (provided this was due to the Group), which could have a material adverse eff ect on the Group's business, fi nancial condition and results of operations.

Any failure by the Company to provide funds to the Joint Venture that were committed under the terms of the Joint Venture Agreement towards Allianz (i.e. for fi nancing of the relevant top-up payment (if any), the repayment of construction and development loans to the Group upon the acquisition by the Joint Venture of completed assets, capital expenditures in relation to repairs and maintenance of such assets and the purchase price for any future completed assets which the Joint Venture would acquire or any other fi nancing required by Allianz or VGP under the terms of the JVA (such as replacement of bank debt) and acknowledged by an appointed third-party fi nancial expert), entitles Allianz to either exclusively subscribe to three times the number of shares that represents the amount of the funds not provided by the Company or alternatively to provide itself funding to the Joint Venture on preferential interest terms and repayment conditions. For instance: if there are fi ve hundred (500) issued shares, and if the default amount (the amount which would have otherwise been fi nanced by VGP for example) is equal to 2% of the fair market value of the Joint Venture, Allianz shall be entitled to subscribe for and acquire, following payment therefore in cash, thirty (three times ten) newly issued shares of the Joint Venture, which is equal to three times 2% of the outstanding shares of the Joint Venture on a pre-dilution basis. This might impact the Company's ability to retain joint control over the Joint Venture and its ability to generate suffi cient dividend income out of the Joint Venture and in turn could have a material adverse eff ect on the Group's business, fi nancial condition and results of operations.

In the event that Allianz would be subject to an obligation to consolidate the Joint Venture (for instance after a change in accounting rules or other regulations) within its companies' group, the Joint Venture Agreement provides that Allianz has the right to replace the existing debt financing in the Joint Venture by equity, which might result in a dilution of the Company if the Company is unable to fund its commensurate part of the equity. This might impact the Company's ability to retain joint control over the Joint Venture and its ability to generate sufficient dividend income out of the Joint Venture and in turn could have a material adverse effect on the Group's business, financial condition and results of operations. However, as the debt position of the Joint Venture would be replaced by equity financing by Allianz on a 1:1 basis, in such case, the Net Asset Value of the Company's stake in the Joint venture would not be affected.

The Group is required to comply with the provisions of several management agreements pursuant to which it is acting as exclusive asset manager, property manager and development manager of the Joint Venture and of the Joint Venture's subsidiaries. Should a member of the Group materially breach its obligations under a management agreement which is not remedied within a certain period in time following a notifi cation thereof, or should the Company breach its exclusivity obligations under the Joint Venture Agreement in relation to the off ering of income-generating assets, then Allianz is entitled to terminate all the management agreements with immediate eff ect, to terminate the Joint Venture Agreement and/or to exercise a call option on all the shares the Company holds in the Joint Venture against payment of a purchase price of 90% of the fair market value of these shares, which entails a discount of 10% of the fair market value of these shares. The occurrence of any of the aforementioned events might materially impact VGP's ability to generate suffi cient dividend income out of the Joint Venture and/or to retain joint control over the Joint Venture and in turn could have a material adverse eff ect on the Group's business, fi nancial condition and results of operations.

If at any time during the term of the Joint Venture Agreement, the participation that Jan Van Geet, directly or indirectly, holds in the Company falls below 25% of the total outstanding Shares (other than due to the dilution of his participation as a result of capital increases or similar transactions at the level of the Company in which he would not participate), then Allianz is entitled to terminate all the management agreements with immediate eff ect and to terminate the Joint Venture Agreement. The occurrence of such aforementioned event might materially impact VGP's ability to generate suffi cient dividend income out of the Joint Venture and/or to retain joint control over the Joint Venture and in turn could have a material adverse eff ect on the Group's business, fi nancial condition and results of operations.

The Group has recognized that it has a de facto constructive obligation towards the Joint Venture (of up to its proportional share) as it will always seek to ensure that the Joint Venture and its subsidiaries will be in a position to fulfi ll their respective obligations, since the proper functioning is material for the Group in realizing its expected capital gains. There is however no contractual obligation to provide capital contributions or funds to fi nancially support the Joint Venture, other than what is set out in the JVA, i.e. the Group's funding obligations under the JVA towards the Joint Venture as mentioned in this section "Risk Factors – The Group's business, operations and fi nancial conditions are signifi cantly aff ected by the Joint Venture – Risks related to the Group's industry, properties and operations". This entails that ultimately any payment due by the Joint Venture to the Group will either be borne by the Joint Venture's shareholders, i.e. VGP and Allianz, pro rata their shareholding, or in the event that VGP does not comply with its aforementioned funding obligations under the JVA, will lead to VGP being diluted by Allianz in accordance with the provisions of the JVA or alternatively Allianz providing funding to the Joint Venture on preferential interest terms and repayment conditions.

The inability of the Joint Venture to generate sufficient income may adversely affect the Group's financial position

The Joint Venture is exposed to many of the risks to which the Group is exposed, including amongst others the risks for the Group as described in the following sections: (i) "The Group may depend on its ability to execute new lease agreements and successfully dispose of its real estate assets", (ii) "Risks related to the nature of the Group's business: acquiring, developing, owning, managing a logistic real estate portfolio", (iii) "Real estate valuations are based on methods and other considerations that may not accurately refl ect the value of the real estate at which the property could be sold", (iv) "Risks related to the Group's development activities", (v) "Increased maintenance, refurbishment and property management service costs may adversely aff ect the Group's results", (vi) "The Group's insurance cover may be insuffi cient", and (vii) "Increased competition for acquiring new land plots may adversely aff ect the Group's fi nancial results", all as in this section "Risk Factors".

Any or all such risks could have a material adverse eff ect on the Joint Venture's business, fi nancial condition and results of operations, which might materially impact VGP's ability to generate suffi cient dividend income out of the Joint Venture and in turn could have a material adverse eff ect on the Group's business, fi nancial condition and results of operations.

The inability of VGP to recover the aggregate amount under the loans granted to the Joint Venture and the Joint Venture's subsidiaries may adversely affect the Group's financial position

The Group has granted signifi cant loans to the Joint Venture and to the Joint Venture's subsidiaries. These comprise development and construction loans granted directly to the project companies of the Joint Venture as well as other shareholder loans granted to the Joint Venture in a total amount of € 143.3 million as at 31 December 2018 (of which € 101.9 million constituted construction and development loans) and € 149.9 million as at 31 December 2017 (of which € 137.2 million constituted construction and development loans). The purpose of the Joint Venture is only to invest in income generating assets and both Joint Venture's partners have agreed that as a result, any development undertaken within the Joint Venture will be in fi rst instance pre-fi nanced by VGP. The repayment of these construction and development loans will be principally driven by the subsequent refi nancing of the Joint Venture's assets upon their completion. Should the proceeds of such refi nancing be signifi cantly lower than the development costs, VGP may be unable to recover the total amount of these construction and development loans granted to the Joint Venture, as the Joint Venture would not be able to draw the entire amount of such construction and development loans under its existing credit facilities and whereby consequently such shortfall would have to be funded by additional shareholder loans granted to the Joint Venture by VGP and Allianz pro rata their shareholding, which could have a material adverse eff ect on the Group's business, fi nancial condition and results of operations.

The Group's development projects require large initial investments while they will start generating income only after a period in time

The Group may divest real estate in its portfolio, i.e. the income-generating assets, as a result of which its rental income would decrease. As at 31 December 2018, the Group's total gross rental income of € 16.6 million included the gross rental income of the portfolio sold to the Joint Venture in the fourth closing of at the end of April 2018 for an aggregate amount of € 3.2 million and € 5.6 million gross rent related to the Mango building which was sold in September 2018. The proceeds of such divestments may be used for a new development cycle, i.e. to fund the acquisition and development of new plots of land. During the fi rst phase of the development of a new project, however, no income will be generated by the new development until such project is completed and delivered to a tenant or sold to either the Joint Venture or any other party, notwithstanding the fact that during such phase signifi cant investments by the Group are made in relation to the development of such project. Any delay in the development of such projects or the lease or sale of developed income-generating assets could have an adverse eff ect on the Group's business, fi nancial condition and results of operations.

The Group depends on its ability to execute new lease agreements and successfully dispose of its real estate assets

The Group's revenues are determined by the ability to sign new lease contracts and by the disposal of real estate assets, in particular to the Joint Venture. The Group's short term cash fl ow may be aff ected if it is unable to continue successfully signing new lease contracts and successfully dispose of real estate assets, which could have an adverse eff ect on the Group's business, fi nancial condition and results of operations.

In the medium term the Group's results and cash fl ows may fl uctuate signifi cantly depending on the projects/parks which can be put up for sale and sold in a given year. The inability to generate suffi cient cash in the medium term may aff ect the debt repayment capacity of the Group, which could have an adverse eff ect on the Group's business, fi nancial condition and results of operations.

Risks related to the nature of the Group's business: acquiring, developing, owning, managing a logistic real estate portfolio

The Group's assets (including the assets developed for the intended disposal to the Joint Venture) are currently geographically concentrated in Germany, Spain, the Netherlands, Austria, Italy, the Czech Republic, Latvia, Slovakia, Hungary and Romania.

Since the Group's business involves the acquisition, development and operation of real estate, it is subject to real estate operating risks, of which some are outside the Group's control, including risks relating to:

  • (i) changes in the general economic conditions, or the local property markets;
  • (ii) local conditions, such as an oversupply of logistic property or a reduction in demand for such property;
  • (iii) the Group's ability to provide adequate maintenance of the buildings;
  • (iv) impact of environmental protection, planning and health and safety laws;
  • (v) changes in tax, real estate and planning laws and regulations;
  • (vi) the Group's ability to achieve optimal rental growth and control operating costs;
  • (vii) the Group's ability to obtain project fi nancing on economically viable terms;
  • (viii) the Group's ability to timely obtain all necessary permits and consents;
  • (ix) inherent risks in respect of ownership title in certain jurisdictions;
  • (x) currency exchange rate fl uctuations;
  • (xi) construction delays and construction budget overruns;
  • (xii) contamination of sites and soil pollution;
  • (xiii) opposition from civic or environmental groups;
  • (xiv) defects in or damages to buildings under
  • construction or income-generating assets; (xv) tenant claims;
  • (xvi) natural disasters or catastrophic property damage (e.g. caused by fi re);
  • (xvii) potential compulsory purchase or expropriation of one or more property by government agencies; and
  • (xviii) potential terrorist attacks.

The occurrence of any of these events in any of the geographic markets where the Group is active could result in a material adverse eff ect on the Group's future business, fi nancial condition, operating results, reputation and cash fl ows.

Real estate valuations are based on methods and other considerations that may not accurately reflect the value of the real estate at which the property could be sold

The valuation of a property depends largely on national and regional economic conditions. The value of the Group's portfolio may be aff ected by a downturn of the property market or a change in the economic condition of the countries where the Group is present. Also, the level of the interest rates is an important parameter for the valuation of real estate. A change in one of the assumptions used or factors considered in making a property's valuation could considerably decrease the value of the property, which could have an adverse eff ect on the Group's business, fi nancial condition and results of operations.

Valuation gains and losses (which are not realized) are recognized in the Company's income statement. Consequently, a downturn of the property market or a negative change in one of the assumptions used or factors considered in making a property's valuation (such as interest rates, local economic situation, market sentiment, market yield expectations, infl ation) could decrease the value of the property and may have an adverse eff ect on the operating results of the Group. These factors are not under the Group's control. Furthermore, the Group may not be able to off set valuation losses through expected future rental income or development activity gains, which may adversely aff ect the operating results.

The Group's real estate portfolio is concentrated on logistic property. Due to this concentration, an economic downturn in this sector could have a material adverse eff ect on the Group's business, fi nancial condition, operating results and cash fl ows.

The Group is exposed to credit risks on rental payments from its tenants and failure by its tenants to pay rent when due could adversely affect the Group's business, financial condition and results of operations

The logistic property lease market also depends largely on the economic conditions and parameters relating specifi cally to the property such as location and the condition of the property. In addition, the legal context or regulatory changes may impose amongst others constraints on the Indexation of lease income.

The value of a rental property depends largely on the remaining term of the related rental agreements as well as the creditworthiness of the tenants. The Group concludes contracts with reputable companies that have a solid fi nancial reputation in order to assure itself of a recurrent rental income. Contracts are secured by standby letters of credit, cash deposits and/or parent guarantees covering in general a six-month lease period. If a signifi cant number of customers, or one or more of its largest customers, were unable to meet their lease obligations, this could materially adversely aff ect the Group's business, fi nancial condition, operating results and cash fl ows.

Risks related to the Group's development activities

The Group's strategy focuses on development and a proactive approach in respect of potential disposal of the Group's income generating assets once such assets have reached a mature stage.

Development of the Group's logistic property involves risks in addition to those involved in owning and operating the Group's existing logistic property, particularly with respect to developing logistic property in new markets. During the initial phases of development projects, the Group normally carries the costs of the project and begins to receive revenues only at a later point in time. Development projects sometimes face cost overruns and delays in completion, many of which are caused by factors that are not directly within the control of the developer. Unfamiliarity with local regulations, delays in obtaining construction permits or contract and labour disputes with construction contractors or subcontractors and unforeseen site conditions may require additional work and construction delays. Failure of the Group to perform as expected or the cost of unforeseen signifi cant capital improvements could decrease the Group's cash fl ows. The Group could also underestimate the cost of improvements needed to market the property eff ectively to potential tenants. Any of these events could result in a material adverse eff ect on the Group's future business, fi nancial condition, operating results and cash fl ows.

When considering property development investments, the Group makes certain estimates as to the economic, market and other conditions, including estimates relating to the value or potential value of a property and the potential return on investment. These estimates may prove to be incorrect, rendering the Group's strategy inappropriate with consequent negative eff ects on the Group's business, results of operations, fi nancial conditions and prospects.

Risks associated with the disposal of projects

Upon completion of real estate projects, VGP has usually a considerable amount of own funds invested in the project. The Group therefore adopts a pro-active strategy towards disposal of the assets, in particular within the Joint Venture, in order to partially recycle the invested funds and free up these funds to re-invest in the development pipeline.

The Group's revenues will as a result be partly determined by disposals of real estate projects, in particular to the Joint Venture. This means that the Group's results and cash fl ow can fl uctuate considerably from year to year depending on the number of projects that can be put up for sale and can be sold, in particular to the Joint Venture, in a given year. The Group's inability to conclude sales can give rise to signifi cant fl uctuations of the cash fl ows of the Company, which could have an adverse eff ect on the Group's business, fi nancial condition and results of operations.

Increased maintenance, refurbishment and property management service costs may adversely affect the Group's results

The desirability of rental property depends not only on its location but also on its condition. To remain attractive and to generate a revenue stream over the longer term, a property's condition must be maintained or, in some cases, improved to meet the changing needs of the market. Most of the Group's properties are new and are expected to require only standard maintenance in the near term. As these properties age, or as market requirements change, maintaining or upgrading these properties in accordance with market standards may entail signifi cant costs, which are typically borne primarily by the property owner, not the tenants. If the actual costs of maintaining or upgrading a property exceed the Group's estimates, or if hidden defects are discovered during maintenance or upgrading that are not covered by insurance or contractual warranties, or if the Group is not permitted to raise its rents, the Group will have to bear the additional costs. Furthermore, any failure by the Group to undertake relevant repair work in response to the factors described above could adversely aff ect the income earned from aff ected properties.

Property management services are mainly provided internally and to a lesser extent externally whereby the respective Group property management company is responsible for the proper and undisturbed operation of the buildings. As part of its off ered services the Group's property management companies will also perform project management services. These services cover the performance of capital improvements and any other construction works as may be requested by the owner of the buildings. This scope covers the full range of project management services (supervision and coordination of the contractors for design, advising on obtaining permits, advising on the works and any tenders relating thereto).

The Group has regrouped the facility management services in the Czech Republic in SUTA s.r.o. ("SUTA") and in Germany in FM Log.In.GmbH ("FM Log"). facility management services are mainly provided internally whereby SUTA and FM Log provide facility management services and, depending on the particular location, various activities, such as maintenance services, defect reporting, waste management services, maintenance of greenery etc. that may be necessary in this respect. In other countries where no specifi c facility management team is in place, the Group uses third party facility management services companies to perform these activities.

The property management and facility management companies of the Group will therefore be potentially liable for the quality and or non-performance of their services, which could have an adverse eff ect on the Group's business, fi nancial condition and results of operations. In order to minimise this risk a professional indemnity insurance cover has been taken out.

The Group's insurance cover may be insufficient

The Group's real estate can be damaged or destroyed by acts of violence, natural disasters, civil unrest or terrorist attacks or accidents, including accidents linked to the goods stored. Certain types of losses, however, may be either uninsurable or not economically insurable in some countries, such as losses due to fl oods, riots, acts of war or terrorism. In such circumstances, the Group would remain liable for any debt or other fi nancial obligation related to that property. Infl ation, changes in building codes and ordinances, environmental considerations and other factors also might make insurance proceeds insuffi cient to cover the cost of restoring or replacing a property after it has been damaged or destroyed. The Group's business, fi nancial condition, operating results and cash fl ows may be adversely aff ected in such circumstances.

If after damage or destruction, the property cannot be rebuilt or achieve former occupancy and profi tability levels within the period of coverage, this could result in a material adverse eff ect on the Group's future business, fi nancial condition, operating results and cash fl ows. While all of the Group's buildings are insured against such risks as the Group considers customary in the same geographic area by companies engaged in the same or similar business, there can be no assurances that its insurance coverage will be suffi cient or eff ective under all circumstances and against all liabilities to which it may be subject. Liabilities that are not covered by insurance or the Group's inability to maintain its current insurance coverage could have a material adverse eff ect on its business, results of operations, fi nancial condition and prospects.

Risks related to legal and regulatory matters

As the Group is active and intends to further develop business in the mid-European countries (whereby the Group's current focus is on Latvia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Romania), Germany and Spain, the Group is subject to a wide range of EU, national and local laws and regulations. These include requirements in terms of building and occupancy permits (which must be obtained in order for projects to be developed and let), as well as zoning, health and safety, environmental, monument protection, tax, planning, foreign ownership limitations and other laws and regulations. Because of the complexities involved in procuring and maintaining numerous licenses and permits, there can be no assurance that the Group will at all times be in compliance with all of the requirements imposed on properties and the Group's business.

The Group applies for the permits necessary to construct and exploit its real estate. Because of bureaucracy, environmental and heritage protection laws, and time constraints with the administrative authorities in the relevant jurisdictions, the Group may encounter diffi culties in timely obtaining the relevant permits, if at all. The lead time to obtain necessary permits varies across the Central and Eastern Europe ("CEE"), South East Europe ("SEE") and Baltic regions, ranging from a few months to up to 18 months. Delay and/or changes in the construction process and plans might occur as a result of external factors, e.g. the discovery

of archaeological sites. Any failure to, or delay in, complying with applicable laws and regulations or failure to obtain and maintain the requisite approvals and permits could have a material adverse eff ect on the Group's business, results of operations, fi nancial condition and prospects.

Furthermore, changes in laws and governmental regulations, or their interpretation by agencies or the courts, could occur. Such regulatory changes and other economic and political factors, including civil unrest, governmental changes and restrictions on the ability to transfer capital in the foreign countries in which the Group has invested, could have a materially adverse eff ect on the Group's business, fi nancial condition, operating results and cash fl ows.

Increased competition for acquiring new land plots may adversely affect the Group's financial results

The markets in which the Group operates are exposed to local and international competition. Competition among property developers and operators may result in, among other things, increased costs for the acquisitions of land for development, increased costs for raw material, shortages of skilled contractors, oversupply of properties and/ or saturation of certain market segments, reduced rental rates, decrease in property prices and a slowdown in the rate at which new property developments are approved, any of which could have a material adverse eff ect on the Group's business, results of operations, fi nancial condition and results of operations.

The Group's competitors and potential competitors may have signifi cantly greater fi nancial, technical, marketing, service or resources than the Group and have a longer operating history in certain countries or regions or greater name recognition. The Group's smaller size may therefore be considered negatively by prospective customers. In addition, the Group's competitors may be able to respond more quickly than the Group can to changes in customer requirements and devote greater resources to the enhancement, promotion and rental of its logistic real estate. If competition intensifi es and the Group's occupancy rates or rental revenues decline, this could have a material adverse eff ect on the Group's business, fi nancial condition, operating results and cash fl ows.

Furthermore, the Group's growth and profi tability to date have been attributable, in part, to its ability to locate and acquire land in attractive locations, at attractive prices and on favourable terms and conditions, and the Group's strategy and future profi tability depends in part on its continued ability to do so. There can be no assurance that in the future the Group will be able to acquire land in sizes and locations suitable for development, at attractive prices or on favourable terms and conditions in the event of increased competition. Any inability to identify and acquire suffi cient sites for the Group's land bank at commercially acceptable prices, terms and conditions could have a material adverse eff ect on the Group's business, results of operations, fi nancial condition and results of operations.

The Group may not be able to manage growth and to continue adequate and efficient monitoring of the portfolio

The Group's success depends in part on its ability to manage future expansion and to identify attractive investment opportunities. Such expansion is expected to place signifi cant demands on management, support functions, accounting and fi nancial control, sales and marketing and other resources and would involve a number of risks, including: the diffi culty of assimilating operations and personnel in the Group's operations, the potential disruption of ongoing business and distraction of management; expenses related to such integration and in the case of acquisitions in certain mid-European countries (whereby the Group's current focus is on Latvia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Romania), uncertainty regarding foreign laws and regulations, which could have an adverse eff ect on the Group's business, fi nancial condition and results of operations. As at 31 December 2018, the Group had over 180 employees.

The Group's aim is to have a suffi ciently large team to support the current growth rate of the Group.

The Group may be liable for environmental remediation or may be exposed to environmental claims

Although the Group has so far realised most of its projects on greenfi elds where the presence of environmental pollutants is unlikely, when acquiring new plots of land, the Group runs the risk of acquiring land which contains environmental pollutants (e.g. waste, oil or toxic chemicals) which are harmful to the environment or to the health of workmen on the sites. The removal and disposal of such hazardous substances, along with the associated maintenance and repair work, could entail signifi cant costs and it may be impossible for the Group to obtain recourse against the party responsible for the pollution or against prior owners.

These environmental risks are particularly acute with respect to plots of land located in countries where reliable documentation for past contamination does not exist or where the laws governing environmental matters are in development or unclear, as is more often the case in the mid-European countries (the Group's current focus in central Europe is on Latvia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Romania). These risks associated with environmental claims are not always predictable or under the Group's control. The incurrence of environmental claims or unforeseen costs to remove or dispose of these substances or to repair resultant damage caused by them could adversely aff ect the Group's business, fi nancial condition, results of operations and prospects.

The Group may be liable for environmental illegal and other goods storage by its tenants

Generally, the Group does not have full control over its leased-out properties and cannot prevent its tenants from storing hazardous materials, stolen goods, counterfeit

goods, drugs or other illegal substances. Although the terms of the standard lease contracts for customers require tenants to use the premises only for authorized activities and for purposes agreed in the respective lease agreement, the Group cannot exclude the possibility that the Group may be held ultimately liable with respect to the goods stored by its customers. In addition, unfavourable publicity as a result of illegal contents stored at one of the Group's property could have a material adverse eff ect on the Group's business, fi nancial condition, operating results and cash fl ows.

Dependency on key personnel

The Group depends to a large degree on the expertise and commercial qualities of its management, commercial and technical team and in particular on its Chief Executive Officer, Jan Van Geet. Experienced technical, marketing and support personnel in the real estate development industry are in high demand and competition for their talent is intense. The loss of services of any members of the management or failure to attract and retain sufficiently qualified personnel may have a material adverse effect on the Group's business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.

In order to retain personnel, a long-term incentive plan is in place through a separate vehicle, VGP Misv. Comm. VA. This plan is being phased out over the next three years and is being replaced by a new long-term incentive scheme which will take eff ect as from 2019 (see "Remuneration report").

In the Joint Venture Agreement, the Group and Allianz have agreed that if Jan Van Geet, as CEO of the Group, would no longer devote suffi cient time to the development of the portfolio of the Joint Venture, Allianz can, upon notice thereof, stop the acquisition process of the proposed income-generating assets, until Jan Van Geet has been replaced to the satisfaction of Allianz. Such temporary standstill of Allianz's investment obligation could negatively impact the cash position of the Group, which could have a material adverse eff ect on the Group's business, fi nancial condition, operating results and cash fl ows.

The Group may be subject to litigation and other disputes

The Group may become subject to disputes with tenants, commercial parties with whom the Group maintains relationships or other commercial parties in the rental or related businesses. Any such dispute could result in litigation between the Group and such commercial parties, which could have an adverse eff ect on the Group's business, fi nancial condition and results of operations. Whether or not any dispute actually proceeds to litigation, the Group may be required to devote signifi cant management time and attention to its successful resolution (through litigation, settlement or otherwise), which would detract from the Group management's ability to focus on its business. Any such resolution could involve the payment of damages or expenses by the Group, which may be signifi cant. In addition, any such resolution could involve the Group agreeing to terms that restrict the operation of the Group's business.

The occurrence of any of these events in any of the geographic markets where the Group is active could result in a material adverse eff ect on the Group's future business, fi nancial condition, operating results and cash fl ows.

As at the date of this annual report, VGP is not aware of any governmental, legal or arbitration proceedings (including such proceedings which are pending or threatened of which the Company is aware) which could have a material adverse eff ect on the Group's future business, fi nancial condition and/or operating results.

VGP is exposed to counterparty risk

VGP has contractual relationships with multiple parties, such as partners, investors, tenants, contractors, architects, fi nancial institutions, as well as the Joint Venture. The inability of such counterparties to live up to their contractual (fi nancial or otherwise) obligations could have a signifi cant impact on VGP's fi nancial and operational position.

Furthermore, the completion of the Group's developments could be delayed if the Group is unable to appoint suitable contractors, or if one or more of the appointed contractors is unable to meet the development timetable or otherwise defaults on their construction obligations, including as a result of: (i) labour shortages or disputes; (ii) the failure of any sub-contractors to provide the standard of construction expected or required; (iii) delays arising due to the complexity or technical demands of certain developments; (iv) bankruptcy; or (v) insolvency. Any such delay or default by a contractor or sub-contractor could result in damage to the Group's relationships with its customers and could cause disruptions to the Group's business, any of which could have a material adverse eff ect on the Group's business, fi nancial condition, operating results and cash fl ows.

Risks related to tax aspects

New tax legislation as well as changing interpretation of tax regulations in the different countries in which the Company is operating could have an impact on the tax position of the Group.

Each of the Group's properties is subject to real estate and property taxes. These taxes may increase in the future as tax rates change and as the Group's property values are assessed or reassessed by tax authorities. Depending on local market conditions, the Group may not be able to off set the tax increases through increases in rent or other income, which may adversely affect the yields on the Group's investments and business, fi nancial condition, operating results and cash fl ows. These risks are monitored on an ongoing basis and where necessary, the Group will use external advisers to advise on tax matters.

The Group is exposed to liability claims

The nature of the Group's business exposes it to potential liability claims by third parties. The Group may face contractual disputes which may or may not lead to legal proceedings as the result of a wide range of events, including, among other things: (i) actual or alleged defi ciencies in its execution of construction projects (including relating to the design, installation or repair of works); (ii) defects in the building materials the Group uses; or (iii) defi ciencies in the goods and services provided by suppliers, contractors, and sub-contractors used by the Group. As a result, events, accidents, injuries or damage at or relating to one of the Group's ongoing or completed projects resulting from the Group's actual or alleged defi cient actions could result in signifi cant liability, warranty or other civil and criminal claims, as well as reputational harm, especially if public safety is impacted. These liabilities may not be insurable or could exceed the Group's insurance limits and therefore could have a material adverse eff ect on the Group's business, fi nancial condition, operating results and cash fl ows.

Financial risks to which the Group is exposed

Evolution of the debt ratio of the Group

The Group has incurred signifi cant borrowings in order to fi nance its growth via its currently outstanding bonds and/or via bank credit facilities. See chart detailing the repayment schedule for the fi nancial debt.

Under the terms of the bonds and bank credit facilities, the Group needs to ensure that it all times complies with the gearing ratio(s) set forth therein, failing which the Group will be in default under several (if not all) of the outstanding bonds and/ or bank credit facilities. This may lead to an obligation of the Group to repay in full all outstanding fi nancial indebtedness thereunder, which might have a material adverse eff ect on the Group's business, fi nancial condition, operating results and cash fl ows. Please see also "The Group's borrowings are subject to certain restrictive covenants" in this section "Risk Factors" for more details on the gearing ratios to which the Group needs to adhere to under the provisions of the bonds.

Among other things, the Group's indebtedness (and position of its gearing ratio) could potentially:

  • (i) limit its ability to fund its strategic capital expenditure program;
  • (ii) limit its ability to obtain additional fi nancing;
  • (iii) limit its fl exibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in the markets in which it competes;
  • (iv) place it at a competitive disadvantage relative to its competitors with less indebtedness;
  • (v) render it more vulnerable to general adverse economic and industry conditions; and
  • (vi) require it to dedicate all or a substantial part of its cash fl ow to service its debt.

The Group's ability to make payments on its indebtedness depends upon its ability to maintain its operating performance at a certain level, which is subject to general economic and market conditions and to fi nancial, business and other factors, many of which the Group cannot control. If the Group's cash fl ow generated from operating activities becomes insuffi cient, the Group may be required to take certain actions, including delaying or reducing capital or other expenditure in an attempt to restructure or refi nance its indebtedness, selling its investment properties or other assets or seeking additional equity capital. The Group may be unable to take any of these actions on favourable terms or in a timely manner.

Furthermore, such actions may not be suffi cient to allow the Group to service its debt obligations in full and, in any event, may have a material adverse eff ect on its business, fi nancial condition, results of operations and prospects. The Group's inability to service its debt through internally generated cash fl ow or such other sources of liquidity may put it in default of its obligations to its creditors.

Furthermore, any refi nancing of the Group's indebtedness could be at higher interest rates and may require the Group to comply with more onerous covenants, which could further restrict its business and could have a material adverse eff ect on its fi nancial condition and results of operations.

In addition, certain of the Group's material loan agreements currently include certain fi nancial covenants. Please see "The Group's borrowings are subject to certain restrictive covenants" in this section "Risk Factors – Financial risks to which the Group is exposed".

The Group's borrowings are subject to certain restrictive covenants

The loan agreements of the Group and of the Joint Venture, as well as the the 2023 Bond, the 2024 Bond, the 2025 Bond and the 2026 Bond, include fi nancial covenants, which could limit the Group and/or the Joint Venture's ability to fi nance their respective future operations and capital needs and their ability to pursue business opportunities and activities that may be in their interest. In addition, any breach of covenants could have an adverse eff ect on the fi nancial position of the Group. While the Group monitors its covenants on-going basis in order to ensure compliance and to anticipatively identify any potential problems of non-compliance for action, there can be no assurances that the Group will at all times be able to comply with these covenants. During 2018, the Group remained well within its covenants.

REPAYMENT SCHEDULE FINANCIAL DEBT in '000 €

Source: Company information maturity bonds maturity bank debt

The terms and conditions of the 2023 Bond, the 2024 Bond, 2025 Bond and the 2026 Bond include following fi nancial covenants, evaluated at the level of the Company:

  • Consolidated Gearing to equal or to be below 65%;
  • Interest Cover Ratio to equal or to be above 1.2;
  • Debt Service Cover Ratio (or DSCR) to be equal or to be above 1.2.

The above-mentioned ratios are tested semi-annually based on a 12 - month period and are calculated as follows:

  • Consolidated Gearing means consolidated Total Net Debt divided by the sum of the equity and total liabilities;
  • Interest Cover Ratio means the aggregate net rental income (increased with the available cash and cash equivalents) divided by the net Finance Charges;
  • Debt Service Cover Ratio means Cash Available for Debt Service divided by Net Debt Service.

As at 31 December 2018 the Consolidated Gearing stood at 34.6% compared to 42.34% as at 31 December 2017. The Interest Cover Ratio was 13.11 as at 31 December 2018 compared to 7.02 as at 31 December 2017 and fi nally the Debt Service Cover Ratio was 20.41 as at 31 December 2018 compared to 4.69 as at 31 December 2017.

The credit agreement entered into with Raiff eisen (Romania) bank includes following fi nancial covenants:

— Loan to Value: lower than or equal to 67.02%; and

— Debt Service Cover Ratio: higher than or equal to 1.25. As at 31 December 2018, the Loan to Value stood at 38.9% and the Debt Service Cover Ratio stood at 2.3.

As at 31 December 2017 VGP was also in compliance with all of its bank covenants.

Availability of adequate credit facilities

Apart from the funds generated by the bonds, the Group has from time to time been fi nanced by shareholder loans and bank credit facilities. Currently, there are no shareholder loans outstanding against the Company, nor is it anticipated that such shareholder loans will be made available in the foreseeable future.

The non-availability of adequate credit facilities could have an adverse eff ect on the growth of the Group as well as on its fi nancial condition in case bank credit facilities cannot be extended at their maturity date or replaced by other bank credit facilities. Furthermore, any refi nancing of the Group's indebtedness could be at higher interest rates and may require the Group to comply with more onerous covenants, which could further restrict its business and could have a material adverse eff ect on its fi nancial condition and results of operations.

Evolution of interest rates

Changes in interest rates could have an adverse eff ect on the Group's ability to obtain or service debt and other fi nancing on favourable terms. While the Group has historically and may in the future enter into certain hedging arrangements with respect to its interest obligations, hedging itself carries certain risks, including that the Group may need to pay a signifi cant amount (including costs) to terminate any hedging arrangements. As at 31 December 2018, all fi nancial debt was at a fi xed interest rate (same as in 2017).

The Group is exposed to currency risks related to fluctuation in currency exchange rates

The Group publishes its financial statements in Euro. The Group's revenues and the majority of its expense are denominated in Euro. However, certain expenses, assets and liabilities are recorded in a number of diff erent currencies other than the Euro, in particular the Czech crown. Assets and liabilities denominated in local currencies are translated into Euro in connection with the preparation of the Group's consolidated fi nancial statements. Consequently, variations in the exchange rate of the Euro versus these other currencies will aff ect the amount of these items in the Group's consolidated fi nancial statements, even if their value remains unchanged in their original currency.

Under the Group's foreign exchange policy, foreign exchange hedging is mainly confi ned to hedging transaction exposures exceeding certain thresholds and/or if required under the existing loan agreements. The Group reviews these risks on a regular basis and uses fi nancial instruments to hedge these exposures as appropriate.

These translations have in the past resulted and could in the future have an adverse impact on the Group's results of operations, balance sheet and cash flows from period to period.

Risks relating to the countries in which the Group operates

Defects in the ownership title

Local laws set specifi c statutory requirements for the acquisition of property (such as approvals of transfers by corporate bodies, obtaining zoning permits for land division, complying with statutory or contractual pre-emption rights, consent of the spouses or municipalities, fulfi lment of various contractual conditions). Due to the inconsistency in the interpretation and application of law by the competent authorities, and potential lack of compliance with all legal requirements during the acquisition process, some members of the Group may not have title to some of the plots of land despite being registered as the owners of such plots of land in the relevant real estate registry. The real estate registries in these countries (the Group's current focus in central Europe is on Latvia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Romania) may not provide conclusive evidence of ownership title to property, and thus there can be no assurance provided that the person registered in the real estate registry is, in fact, the actual owner of such real estate property.

While none of the members of the Group has to date experienced the situation where title to plots of land has been subject to any legal proceedings leading to the loss of the title, and despite the thorough due diligence that is generally carried out by the Group ahead of any acquisition, there can be no assurances that members of the Group may not acquire or have not acquired titles to some of the plots of land, and/or that the relevant member of the Group could be held to be in violation of applicable law. Any such outcome could have a material adverse eff ect on the Group's business, fi nancial condition or results of operations.

Land subject to future purchase agreements

A signifi cant number of plots of land intended for development of projects of the relevant member of the Group are subject to agreements on future purchase agreements. The total remaining secured development land bank as at 31 December 2018 owned by the Group amounted to 4,297,334 m² of which 2,714,842 m² (63%) was in full ownership and 1,582,492 m² (37%) was subject to future purchase agreement and hence would be acquired and paid for upon the receipt of the necessary permits. These future purchase agreements are binding contracts for VGP and the respective sellers whereby the eff ective purchase is always triggered once the necessary permits have been obtained.

A potential breach of the future seller's obligations to sell the plots of land to the relevant member of the Group may lead to a delay in the time schedule for the realisation of the relevant project or jeopardise the acquisition of such plots of land by the relevant member of the Group, which could have a material adverse eff ect on the Group's business, fi nancial condition or results of operations.

The Group may be subject to restitution claims for assets located in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Latvia, Romania and Hungary

Under Czech, Slovak, Latvian, Romanian and Hungarian law it was possible to fi le restitution claims to claim back ownership of previously nationalised property (including real estate) until the end of 2005 and, in the Czech Republic churches were allowed to fi le restitution claims until 2012. Not all such restitution claims have been fully settled to date, and no assurance can be given that such restitution claim would not be or has not been brought against the plots of land owned (or planned to be acquired) by the VGP Group in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Latvia, Romania and Hungary. As a result of such restitution claim, the ownership title to the plots of land of the VGP Group in these countries could be adversely aff ected or additional costs (remediation or compliance) could be incurred. Any such outcome could have a material adverse eff ect on the Company's business, fi nancial condition or results of operations.

The Group is not aware of any outstanding challenges of ownership title to the plots of land owned (or planned to be acquired) by members of the Group or by the Joint Venture in any of the abovementioned countries through a restitution claim. It should be noted that for the Czech, Slovak and Hungarian assets in the Joint Venture's portfolio, a title insurance has been obtained by the respective subsidiaries of the Joint Venture which covers this title risk.

Legal systems are not yet fully developed

The legal systems and procedural safeguards in the mid-European countries are not yet fully developed.

The legal systems of the mid-European countries have undergone dramatic changes in recent years. In many cases, the interpretation and procedural safeguards of the new legal and regulatory systems are still being developed, which may result in an inconsistent application of existing laws and regulations and uncertainty as to the application and eff ect of new laws and regulations.

Additionally, in some circumstances, it may not be possible to obtain the legal remedies provided for under relevant laws and regulations in a reasonably timely manner or at all. Although institutions and legal and regulatory systems characteristic for parliamentary democracies have been developed in the mid-European countries, they lack an institutional history. As a result, shifts in government policies and regulations tend to be more frequent and less predictable than in the countries of Western Europe, and at the same time the enforceability of law is lower. Moreover, a lack of legal certainty or the inability to obtain eff ective legal remedies in a reasonably timely manner may have a material adverse eff ect on the Group's business, fi nancial condition, results of operations or prospects. For instance, under Slovakian law (and until recently also under Czech law) it is possible that the person registered in real estate register as the owner of the land is not the actual owner, given that the mere reliance on the registration is not suffi cient to protect the purchaser (as it is, e.g., in Germany). Similar uncertainties exist under Romanian and Hungarian law. Also, a signifi cant uncertainty exists as to the procedural regime of obtaining zoning and building permits. Therefore, even where such permits are issued, there is a risk of these being withdrawn or cancelled by the authorities.

Summary of the accounts and comments

Income statement

INCOME STATEMENT (in thousands of €) 2018 2017
Revenue1 30,336 28,224
Gross rental income 16,627 17,046
Property operating expenses (1,123) (1,941)
Net rental income 15,504 15,105
Joint venture management fee income 9,965 8,057
Net valuation gains/(losses) on investment properties 98,552 94,628
Administration expenses (18,167) (19,353)
Share in result of Joint Venture 45,220 29,229
Operating profit/(loss) 151,074 127,666
Financial income 6,101 9,730
Financial expenses (20,071) (20,196)
Net financial result (13,970) (10,466)
Profit before taxes 137,104 117,200
Taxes (15,998) (21,205)
Profit for the period 121,106 95,995
Attributable to:
Shareholders of VGP NV 121,106 95,995
Non-controlling interests
RESULT PER SHARE (in €) 2018 2017
Basic earnings per share 6.52 5.17
Diluted earnings per share 6.52 5.17

1 Revenue is composed of gross rental income, service charge income, property and facility management income and property development income.

Balance sheet

ASSETS (in thousands of €) 2018 2017
Intangible assets 41 36
Investment properties 468,513 392,291
Property, plant and equipment 742 507
Non-current financial assets 322
Investments in joint venture and associates 241,427 143,312
Other non-current receivables 41,461 12,757
Deferred tax assets 785 32
Total non-current assets 752,969 549,257
Trade and other receivables 23,064 11,074
Cash and cash equivalents 161,446 30,269
Disposal group held for sale 274,939 441,953
Total current assets 459,449 483,296
Total assets 1,212,418 1,032,553
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
(in thousands of €)
2018 2017
Share capital 62,251 62,251
Retained earnings 481,147 403,910
Other reserves 69 69
Shareholders' equity 543,467 466,230
Non-current financial debt 564,375 390,067
Other non-current financial liabilities 60 1,966
Other non-current liabilities 1,215 1,680
Deferred tax liabilities 16,692 11,750
Total non-current liabilities 582,342 405,463
Current financial debt 22,479 81,358
Trade debts and other current liabilities 38,769 38,379
Liabilities related to disposal group held for sale 25,361 41,123
Total current liabilities 86,609 160,860
Total liabilities 668,951 566,323
Total shareholders' equity and liabilities 1,212,418 1,032,553

Comments on the accounts

Income statement

Net rental income

The net rental income increased with € 0.4 million to € 15.5 million after taking into eff ect the impact of the income generating assets delivered during 2018 off set by the fourth closing with the Joint Venture in April 2018 and the sale of the Mango building in September 2018.

Including VGP's share of the Joint Venture and looking at net rental income on a "look-through" basis net rental in total increased by € 10.8 million, or 33% compared to 2017 (from € 32.6 million for the period ending 31 December 2017 to € 43.4 million for the period ending 31 December 2018)1 .

Net valuation gain on investment properties

For 2018 the net valuation gains on the property portfolio reached € 98.6 million compared to a net valuation gain of € 94.6 million for the period ended 31 December 2017. The low yields in real estate valuations continued to persist during the year. The own property portfolio, excluding development land but including the buildings being constructed on behalf of the Joint Venture, is valued by the valuation expert at 31 December 2018 based on a weighted average yield of 6.29% (compared to 6.00% as at 31 December 2017) applied to the contractual rents increased by the estimated rental value on unlet space.

The (re)valuation of the own portfolio was based on the appraisal report of the property expert Jones Lang LaSalle.

Income from Joint Venture

The Joint Venture management fee income increased by € 2.0 million to € 10.0 million. The increase was mainly due to the growth of the Joint Venture portfolio and the development activities undertaken on behalf of the Joint Venture.

Property and facility management fee income increased from € 4.4 million for the period ending 31 December 2017 to € 6.7 million for the period ending 31 December 2018. The development management fee income generated during the period was € 3.3 million compared to € 3.7 million for the period ending 31 December 2017.

Share in result of Joint Venture

VGP's share of the Joint Venture's profi t for the period increased by € 16.0 million from € 29.2 million for the period ending 31 December 2017 to € 45.2 million for the period ending 31 December 2018, refl ecting the increased income generating contribution of the Joint Venture portfolio and the contraction of the yields on the investment properties.

Net rental income at share increased to € 27.9 million for the period ending 31 December 2018 compared to €17.5 million for the period ended 31 December 2017. The increase refl ects the underlying growth of the Joint Venture Portfolio resulting from the diff erent closings made between the Joint Venture and VGP since May 2016.

At the end of December 2018, the Joint Venture (100% share) had € 70.9 million of annualised committed leases representing 1,347,000 m² of lettable area compared to € 52.5 million of annualised committed leases representing 1,010,000 m² at the end of December 2017.

The net valuation gains on investment properties at share increased to € 39.9 million for the period ending 31 December 2018 (compared to € 24.4 million for the period ending 31 December 2017). The VGP European Logistics portfolio, excluding development and the buildings being constructed by VGP on behalf of the Joint Venture, was valued at a weighted average yield of 5.31% as at 31 December 2018 (compared to 5.68% as at 31 December 2017) refl ecting the further contraction of the yields during 2018. The (re)valuation of the Joint Venture portfolio was based on the appraisal report of the property expert Jones Lang LaSalle.

The net fi nancial expenses of the Joint Venture at share for the period ending 31 December 2018 increased to € 12.4 million from € 5.5 million for the period ending 31 December 2017. For the period ending 31 December 2018, the fi nancial income at share was € 0.3 million (€ 0.8 million for the period ending 31 December 2017). The 2017 fi nancial income included a € 0.7 million unrealised gain on interest rate derivatives (€ 2.7 million unrealised loss for 2018). The fi nancial expenses at share increased from € 6.3 million for the period ending 31 December 2017 to € 12.7 million for the period ending 31 December 2018 and included € 3.4 million interest on shareholder debt (€ 1.4 million for 2017), € 5.8 million interest on fi nancial debt (€ 5.1 million for 2017), € 2.7 million unrealised losses on interest rate derivatives (€ 0.1 million for 2017), € 1.6 million other fi nancial expenses (€ 1.0 million for 2017) mainly relating to the amortisation of capitalised fi nance costs on bank borrowings and a positive impact of € 0.8 million (€ 1.3 million for 2017) related to capitalised interests.

Administrative costs

The administrative costs for the period were € 18.2 million compared to € 19.4 million for the period ended 31 December 2017, refl ecting the discontinuance as from 1 January 2018 of the mid-term variable remuneration agreement of Little Rock SA2 partially off set by the continued growth of the VGP team in order to support the growth of the development activities of the Group and its geographic expansion. As at 31 December 2018 the VGP team comprised more than 180 people active in 12 diff erent countries.

1 See attached section 'Supplementary notes not part of the condensed financial information' for further details

Net financial costs

For the period ending 31 December 2018, the fi nancial income was € 6.1 million (€ 9.7 million for the period ending 31 December 2017) and included € 5.7 million interest income on loans granted to VGP European Logistics (€ 5.3 million for 2017), € 39k unrealised gain on interest rate derivatives (€ 3.5 million for 2017) and € 0.3 million of net foreign exchange gains (compared to € 0.6 million gain for 2017).

The reported fi nancial expenses for 2018 of € 20.1 million (€ 20.2 million for 2017) are mainly made up of € 20.1 million expenses related to fi nancial debt (€ 19.3 million for 2017), € 1.5 million unrealised loss on interest rate derivatives (compared to a € 2.2 million loss for 2017), € 1.6 million other fi nancial expenses (€ 1.6 million for 2017) and a positive impact of € 3.2 million (€ 3.0 million for the period ending 31 December 2017) related to capitalised interests.

As a result, the net fi nancial costs reached € 14.0 million for the period ending 31 December 2018 compared to € 10.5 million for 2017.

Shareholder loans to VGP European Logistics amounted to € 143.3 million as at 31 December 2018 (compared to € 149.9 million as at 31 December 2017) of which € 101.9 million (€ 137.1 million as at 31 December 2017) was related to fi nancing of the buildings under construction and development land held by the VGP European Logistics joint venture.

Taxes

The Group is subject to tax at the applicable tax rates of the respective countries in which it operates. Additionally, a deferred tax charge is provided for on the fair value adjustment of the property portfolio.

The change in the tax line is mainly due to the variance of the fair value adjustments of the property portfolio and has therefore only residual cash eff ect.

For the period ending 31 December 2018, the taxes were € 16.0 million (2017: € 21.2 million) and included € 15.0 million deferred taxes (2017: € 20.4 million).

Profit for the year

Profi t for the year increased from € 96.0 million (€ 5.17 per share) for 2017 to € 121.1 million (€ 6.52 per share) for the fi nancial year ended 31 December 2018.

Balance sheet

Investment properties

Investment properties relate to completed properties, projects under construction as well as land held for development. The fl uctuations from one year to the other refl ect the timing of the completion and delivery as well as the divestments or acquisitions of such assets.

As at 31 December 2018 the investment property portfolio consists of 13 completed buildings representing 288,372 m² of lettable area with another 19 buildings under construction representing 322,185 m² of lettable area, of which 4 buildings (37,675 m²) are being developed for VGP European Logsitics.

During the year 21 buildings were completed totalling 505,539 m² of lettable area. For its own account VGP delivered 8 buildings representing 197,236 m² of lettable area and 13 buildings (308,304 m²)¹ were delivered on behalf of the Joint Venture.

Investment in Joint Venture

At the end of December 2018, the investments in the Joint Venture increased to € 241.4 million from € 143.3 million as at 31 December 2017.

The investments in joint venture and associates as at the end of 2018 refl ect the Group's Joint Venture with Allianz Real Estate (VGP European Logistics) and the associates, all of which are accounted for using the equity method. VGP European Logistics is incorporated in Luxembourg and owns logistics property assets in Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. The associates relate to the 5.1% held directly by VGP NV in the subsidiaries of the Joint Venture holding assets in Germany.

Disposal group held for sale

The balance of the Disposal group held for sale decreased from € 442.0 million as at 31 December 2017 to € 275.0 million as at 31 December 2018. The net decrease is mainly driven by the fourth closing with VGP European Logistics joint venture at the end of April 2018.

The balance as at 31 December 2018 relates to the assets under construction and development land (at fair value) which are being/will be developed by VGP on behalf of VGP European Logistics, and also includes reclassifi ed assets of VGP's investment properties, in the amount of € 120.4 million, which have been earmarked for the fi fth closing with VGP European Logistic joint venture which occurred on 1 April 2019.

Under the joint venture agreement VGP European Logistics has an exclusive right of fi rst refusal in relation to acquiring the income generating assets developed by VGP that are in Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. The development pipeline which is transferred to the Joint Venture as part of the diff erent closings between Joint Venture and VGP is being developed at VGP's own risk and subsequently acquired and paid for by the Joint Venture subject to pre-agreed completion and lease parameters. The fair value of the asset under construction which are being developed by VGP on behalf of VGP European Logistics amounted to € 154.5 million as at 31 December 2018 (compared to € 194.9 million as at 31 December 2017).

Total non-current and current financial debt

During 2018 VGP successfully expanded and extended its bond fi nancing profi le following the completion of a € 190 million bond in September 2018. The bond has a fi xed rate coupon of 3.5% per annum and matures on 19 March 2026. The proceeds were partly used to refi nance the maturing € 75 million Dec-18 Bond (carrying a coupon of 5.1%), with the remaining balance used for the acquisition of development land in the existing and new markets i.e. the Netherlands, Italy and Austria and to fi nance the development of new projects on the Group's development land.

The fi nancial debt increased from € 471 million as at 31 December 2017 to € 587 million as at 31 December 2018 of which € 15 million of outstanding bank debt. The gearing ratio2 of the Group decreased from 42.3% at 31 December 2017 to 34.6% as at 31 December 2018. The gearing remains well within the Company's target maximum consolidated gearing of 65%.

Cash flow statement

SUMMARY (in thousands of €) 2018 2017
Cash flow from operating activities (51,035) (6,786)
Cash flow from investing activities 104,724 (90,274)
Cash flow from financing activities 77,299 57,625
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 130,988 (39,434)

The cash from operating activities decreased by € 44.2 million, mainly due to the increase (€ 21.9 million) in VAT receivables refl ecting the underlying increased development activities.

The changes in the cash fl ow from investing activities was mainly due to: (i) € 263.4 million (2017: €168.4 million) of expenditure incurred for the development activities and land acquisition; (ii) € 438.4 million cash in from the April 2018 closing with VGP European Logistics (2018: € 289.7 million compared to € 122.1 million closing in 2017) and the divestment of the Mango building (€ 148.7 million).

The changes in the cash flow from financing activities were driven by: (i) € 35.3 million dividend paid out in May 2018 (2017: € 20.1 million capital repayment); (ii) € 188.4 million net proceeds from the Mar-26 Bond, the repayment of the maturing Dec-18 Bond (€75 million) and € 0.8 million repayment of bank debt compared with the 2017 net proceeds of the issued Jul-24 Bond and Mar-25 Bonds totalling € 153.9 million, the repayment of the maturing € 75 million in July 2017 and € 1.2 million net repayment of bank debt.

Events after the balance sheet date

On 1 April 2019, a fi fth closing with VGP European Logistics took place with a transaction value of > € 190 million.

Information about the share

Listing of shares

Euronext Brussels Main Market of Prague

VGP share VGP ISIN BE0003878957
Market capitalisation 31 Dec-18 € 1,103,833,170
Highest capitalisation € 1,308,246,720
Lowest capitalisation € 1,085,250,120
Share price 31 Dec-17 € 62.05
Share price 31 Dec-18 € 59.40

Shareholder structure

As at 31 December 2018 the share capital of VGP was represented by 18,583,050 shares.

Ownership of the Company's shares is as follows:

SHAREHOLDER NUMBER OF SHARES % OF SHARES ISSUED
Little Rock SA 3,872,103 20.84%
Alsgard SA 2,409,914 12.97%
Sub-total Jan Van Geet Group 6,282,017 33.81%
VM Invest NV 3,746,008 20.16%
Comm. VA VGP MISV 929,153 5.00%
Sub-total Bart Van Malderen Group 4,675,161 25.16%
Vadebo France NV 655,738 3.53%
Griet Van Malderen 103,949 0.56%
Sub-total Griet Van Malderen Group 759,687 4.09%
Public 6,866,185 36.95%
Total 18,583,050 100.00%

Little Rock SA and Alsgard SA are companies controlled by Mr. Jan Van Geet. VM Invest NV and Comm VA VGP MISV are companies controlled by Mr. Bart Van Malderen. Vadebo France NV is a company controlled by Mrs. Griet Van Malderen

There are no specifi c categories of shares. Each share gives the right to one vote.

In accordance with Articles 480 to 482 of the Company Code, the company can create shares without voting rights, subject to the fulfi lling requirements related to the change of the articles of association.

All shares are freely transferable.

Authorised capital

The Board of Directors has been authorized by the Extraordinary Shareholders' Meeting held on 8 December 2016 to increase the Company's registered capital in one or more times by an aggregate maximum amount of € 100 000 000 (before any issue premium). The authority is valid for fi ve years from 27 December 2016 and can be renewed in accordance with the applicable statutory provisions. Pursuant to this authorization, the Board of Directors may, among others, eff ect a capital increase under the authorized capital by means of issuing ordinary shares, subscription rights or convertible bonds and may limit or disapply the preferential subscription right of the Company's shareholders.

Furthermore, the Board of Directors has been authorized, for a period of three years from 27 December 2016, to make use of the authorized capital upon receipt by the Company of a notice from the FSMA of a public takeover bid for the Company's securities.

Liquidity of the shares

To improve the liquidity of its shares VGP NV concluded a liquidity agreement with KBC Bank. This agreement ensures that there is increased liquidity of the shares which should be to the benefi t of the Group in the future as more liquidity allows new shares to be more easily issued in case of capital increases.

Financial calendar

2019 fi rst quarter trading update 10 May 2019
General meeting of shareholders 10 May 2019
Ex-date dividend 2018 20 May 2019
Record date dividend 2018 21 May 2019
Payment date dividend 2018 22 May 2019
2019 half year results 23 August 2019
2019 third quarter trading update 22 November 2019

Outlook 2019

Based on the positive trend in demands for lettable area recorded by VGP during 2018, VGP expects to be able to continue expanding its rental income and property portfolio through the completion and start-up of additional new buildings in 2019. Development activities should continue to expand during 2019 supported by solid demand from potential tenants, e-commerce and as we leverage on the geographic expansion of VGP's footprint allowing VGP to provide pan-European as well as local solutions to a wide scale of potential multinational as well as local customers.These development activities should be underpinned by the current owned as well as committed land bank on top locations across Europe which should provide a solid base to support and fuel the development activities for the next years.

On 1 April 2019, a fi fth closing with VGP European Logistics took place with a transaction value of > € 190 million. Finally, we have a joint commitment with Allianz Real Estate to expand our JV structure beyond existing countries 1 . These advanced discussions in respect of the set-up of a new joint venture are expected to be concluded during the fi rst half of 2019, providing additional fi nancial means to support the development activities of VGP.

1 Of the twelve countries in which the group is active, the JV currently covers Germany, Slovakia, Czech Republic and Hungary

Corporate social

responsibility

Introduction

As an owner of 51 logistics parks across Europe, VGP recognises the importance of environmental targets and decarbonisation goals in reducing its direct carbon footprint. As a developer, asset owner and manager, VGP recognises the positive role it can play in enabling the transition to a low-carbon economy, as well as the risks involved in that transition and in climate change in general. In addition, VGP focusses on direct business operational impact in occupying its own offi ces.

VGP is in the process of refreshing its enterprise-wide assessment of climate-related initiatives and risks, while also establishing the internal capabilities needed to make enhanced climate-related disclosures in future reporting periods.

With the introduction of this new section in the annual report VGP gives a fi rst indication of its plans and provides further information on VGP's role as an asset manager and owner. How VGP manages its indirect environmental impacts will be made available in the near future.

Business model

VGP's business model is built on three core drivers:

  • 1) Value creating development: While some clients are looking for special features including integral robotics or heavy fl oor loading capacity others require simple storage space, VGP always aims to take the most sustainable approach to the development, whatever the initial occupancy.
  • 2) Highly selective strategic acquisitions: Whilst property portfolio is nearly entirely developed by VGP itself, very occasionally acquisitions are used as a tool to enhance VGP's portfolio, particularly in locations where VGP is new in the market. When acquiring buildings VGP applies a framework to test the quality of the building in order to assess if the building matches its standards and therefore could fi t into VGP's portfolio.
  • 3) Active sustainable management: VGP's client proposition is to provide attractive and functional premises in the right location at the right price and remain close to VGP's tenants once these tenants occupy the buildings. VGP's relationship with its tenants is guided by the following principles:
  • VGP stays local and close to its tenants. VGP has 13 local offi ces spread. across the twelve European countries in which the group is active.
  • VGP's premises should always create an inviting fi rst impression and current and prospective tenants should feel they are respected in every contact with VGP.
  • VGP should contribute to the tenant's business through responsiveness, property expertise supported by sector knowledge and an openness to employing new approaches.

Awareness

Sustainability topics have been made part of the agenda of the management team and each member will be involved in the company's sustainability actions to ensure that sustainability becomes a stronger part of VGP's DNA.

Building tomorrow today

Building Tomorrow Today has since long been VGP's motto as VGP believes tomorrow can be better than today. VGP wants to build and secure a beautiful future for next generations.

VGP is building to create value. Not only for its clients, partners and shareholders but also for the communities in which it operates.

VGP wants to build tomorrow by doing the right thing today. By doing business in a responsible manner. By fi nding a balance between results, tradition, innovation and sustainability.

VGP does this by challenging itself and by adapting to changing needs every day.

Environment

VGP's ambition is to progressively reduce the energy consumption and emissions of its operations. VGP's long-term goal is to create value by reducing the environment impact of its buildings, VGP does this by implementing energy-saving measures as well as enabling the production of energy sources.

Sustainable building standards

Energy-effi cient design and construction of a building is vital to reducing energy demands within the building. As an end investor, a high quality building standard is embedded in our fi rmwide building protocol and also as such included in the agreement with our joint venture partner Allianz. This high quality building standard is applied in order to create sustainable value for shareholders, tenants and other stakeholders.

Some examples of effi cient measures which are utilized include LED lighting roll-out for new-build warehouses, depending on use and location an assessment of adequate insulation in the walls of our buildings to prevent temperature loss and the benefi ts of the use of a heat-pump can be analysed.

The more systems are used in a building, the more the energy manager is dependent on technical aids. In the best case, all building and plant engineering functions can be monitored and operated via a central system. For this purpose, all sensors, drives and operating elements as well as user and technical systems (e.g. heating, ventilation, air conditioning, cooling) are integrated.

All these monitoring, control, regulation and optimisation devices are managed with specialized software, the building control technology ("Gebäudeleittechnik" or "GLT"). GLT is the central tool of the building's energy manager as it collects all data from the sensors and controllers of a building. It logs and analyses the data statistically and displays it graphically. This way the energy manager has an overview of all technical processes within a building and can more easily identify potential savings.

Renewable energy

The large roofs of VGP's logistics warehouses are very well suited for the installation of solar panels without imposing aesthetic damage to local communities. This allows the park and the immediate surrounding communities to have access to locally produced green energy. Thanks to their scale, solar panels are perfectly in line with decentralised energy production. This decentralised approach ensures more continuity and availability of energy at a specifi c industrial logistics park and its community without burdening the network. Moreover, clients can consume locally produced green energy.

VGP have so far developed 165,000 m 2 of roofs with solar panels enabling the generation of 12,500 kWp. VGP has contracted a solar roof for its new development in The Netherlands which will add a further 60,000 m2 and various other developments for solar panel roofs are in advanced discussions.

PARK BUILDING POWER GENERATION
VGP Park Leipzig A1 574 kWp
VGP Park Leipzig A2 745 kWp
VGP Park Leipzig B1 1,490 kWp
VGP Park Bischofsheim A1 382 kWp
VGP Park Gottingen A1 750 kWp
VGP Park Frankenthal A 4,011 kWp
VGP Park Berlin D 2,055 kWp
VGP Park Bobenheim-Roxheim A 1,809 kWp
VGP Park Hamburg A4 745 kWp
12,561 kWp

Social responsibility

VGP takes responsibility for its surroundings and people by working actively on the management of its properties and collaborating with tenants, municipalities and other local stakeholders. VGP's objective is to make an active contribution to a safer and more inclusive society.

As we want to ensure VGP remains a responsible and caring member of society we are currently exploring various alternative ways in which we could do something back to the communities including helping to improve the local environment, heritage, education, research and the local social fabric of the communities in which we operate. Further information on such initiatives will be made available in the coming period.

People

The family ownership of the business also transpires into a collegial team spirit across the company. Integrity means honesty and sincerity in what VGP does and adhering to open communication. Good news is allowed to spread slowly but issues are openly discussed and addressed as soon as possible. Mutual trust, respect for everyone and opportunity to grow are important for our employees to feel rewarded and enjoy their work. This is critical in order to be able to execute on the ambitious goals VGP has set for the years ahead.

As of year-end the group had 180 employees. VGP believes in equal opportunities for all employees. VGP does not make any distinction on the grounds of gender, religion, ethnic background or sexual orientation in its HR, recruitment and promotion policies or remuneration systems.

Health and safety

VGP takes a proactive approach to safety in and around its properties in order for VGP to provide secure and healthy working environments for tenants, staff as well as contractors on building sites. Building sites are high-risk working environments. This is why VGP has a sharp focus on occupational health & safety issues, to minimise incidents and accidents. VGP will comply with applicable legislation and safety procedures at all building sites. VGP conducts inspections and assessments of potential areas of improvement during workplace visits.

Board of directors and

manage-

ment

Board of directors

NAME YEAR
APPOINTED
EXECUTIVE OR
NON-EXECUTIVE
INDEPENDENT NEXT DUE FOR
RE-ELECTION
Chairman Marek Šebesťák 2015 Non-executive Independent 2019
CEO Jan Van Geet s.r.o.
represented by
Jan van Geet
2017 Executive and reference
shareholder
2021
Directors VM Invest NV
represented by
Bart Van Malderen
2017 Non-executive and
reference shareholder
2021
Alexander Saverys 2015 Non-executive Independent 2019
Rijo Advies BVBA
represented by Jos Thys
2015 Non-executive Independent 2019

Marek Šebesťák

*1954

Mr Šebesťák is founder and former Chairman of BBDO-Czech Republic, one of the leading international advertising and communication agencies.

Jan Van Geet *1971

Jan Van Geet is the founder and CEO of VGP. He has overall daily as well as strategic management responsibilities of the Group. He started in the Czech Republic in 1993 and was manager of Ontex in Turnov, a producer of hygienic disposables. Until 2005, he was also managing director of WDP Czech Republic. WDP is a Belgian real estate investment trust.

Bart Van Malderen *1966

Mr Bart Van Malderen founded Drylock Technologies in 2012. Drylock Technologies is anhygienic disposable products manufacturer which introduced the revolutionary fl ufl ess diaper in 2013. Prior to this, Bart Van Malderen held diff erent management positions at Ontex, a leading European manufacturer of hygienic disposable products where he became CEO in 1996 and Chairman of the Board in 2003, a mandate which he occupied until mid-July 2007.

Alexander Saverys

*1978

Mr Alexander Saverys holds a master of laws (University of Leuven and Madrid) and holds an MBA of the Fachhochschule für Wirtschaft Berlin. In 2004 he founded Delphis NV a company off ering multimodal transport solutions throughout Europe. He became a director of CMB (Compagnie Maritime Belge SA) in 2006 and was appointed CEO in September 2014.

Jos Thys

*1962

Mr Jos Thys holds a Master's Degree in Economics from the University of Antwerp (UFSIA). He is counsel to family owned businesses where he advises on strategic and structuring issues. He also acts as a counsel for the implementation of Corporate Governance at corporate and nonprofi t organisations. Jos previously had a long career in corporate and investing banking with Paribas, Artesia and Dexia.

Executive management team

COMPOSITION ON 31 DECEMBER 2018
Jan Van Geet s.r.o.
represented by Jan Van Geet
Chief Executive Officer
Jan Procházka Chief Operating Officer
Dirk Stoop BVBA
represented by Dirk Stoop
Chief Financial Officer
Tomas Van Geet s.r.o.
represented by Tomas Van Geet
Chief Commercial Officer
Jan Papoušek s.r.o.
represented by Jan Papoušek
Chief Operating Officer –
Outside CZ
Matthias Sander s.r.o.
represented by Matthias Sander
Chief Investment Officer
MB Vlutters BVBA
represented by Martijn Vlutters
Vice President – Business
Development & Investor Relations

Mr. Jan Van Geet

*1971

Jan Van Geet is the founder and CEO of VGP. He has overall daily as well as strategic management responsibilities of the Group. He started in the Czech Republic in 1993 and was manager of Ontex in Turnov, a producer of hygienic disposables. Until 2005, he was also managing director of WDP Czech Republic. WDP is a Belgian real estate investment trust.

Mr. Jan Procházka

*1964

He is civil engineer and architect and joined VGP in 2002. He takes responsibility for technical concepts and contract execution. Prior to this position, Jan was the managing director of Dvořák, a civil contracting company, at his time one of the major players in the Czech market. Well known projects under his management are the airport terminal Sever 1 in Prague, the cargo terminal, as well as the headquarters of Česká Spořitelna.

Mr. Dirk Stoop *1961

Joined VGP in 2007. He is responsible for all fi nance matters i.e. fi nancial planning, control, forecasting, treasury, tax and insurance for all the countries where VGP is/ will be active, as well as investor relations. Dirk worked at Ontex for 5 years as Group Treasurer where he was also responsible for tax and insurance matters. Prior to this he worked at CHEP Europe based in London as Treasurer Europe, South America & Asia. Dirk holds a Master's Degree in Financial and Commercial Sciences from VLEKHO (HUB) in Belgium.

Mr. Tomas Van Geet

*1976

Joined VGP in 2005. He takes responsibility for all commercial strategic matters and commercial co-ordination of VGP's key accounts. Prior to joining VGP, Tomas held several positions in the planning and logistics departments of Domo in Germany, Spain, Czech Republic and South Africa, Associated Weavers and Ontex.

Mr. Martijn Vlutters *1979

Joined VGP in 2018. He takes responsibility for business development and investor relations. Prior to joining VGP, Martijn worked 13 years at J.P. Morgan based in London and New York in various roles in Capital Markets and Corporate Finance. Within this period he spent 2 years in New York as Investor Relations for J.P. Morgan Chase. Martijn holds a Master degree in Civil Engineering from Delft University and in Business Administration from Erasmus/ Rotterdam School of Management.

Mr. Jan Papoušek *1974

He is civil engineer and joined VGP in 2007. He takes responsibility for technical concepts and contract execution for all projects outside the Czech Republic. Jan formerly worked for Gardiner and Teobald, a UK based well known cost controlling company with international activities, where he occupied the function of cost and project manager.

Mr. Matthias Sander *1970

He is a mechanical and economic bachelor and joined VGP in 2018. He takes responsibility for the expansion into new countries, sourcing land plots across Europe and coordinating of the development pipeline. Matthias spent the last 11 years in several leading roles with Knorr Bremse (a leading German industrial Group) and was its Managing Director in the Czech Republic.

Portfolio

The Netherlands

47 VGP Park Nijmegen

Germany

01 VGP Park Hamburg 02 VGP Park Soltau 03 VGP Park Leipzig 04 VGP Park Berlin 05 VGP Park Ginsheim 06 VGP Park Schwalbach 07 VGP Park München 08 VGP Park Bingen 09 VGP Park Rodgau 10 VGP Park Höchstadt 11 VGP Park Borna 12 VGP Park Bobenheim-Roxheim 13 VGP Park Frankenthal 14 VGP Park Berlin-Wustermark 15 VGP Park Göttingen 16 VGP Park Wetzlar 17 VGP Park Halle 18 VGP Park Dresden 19 VGP Park Bischofsheim 20 VGP Park Giessen-Buseck 21 VGP Park Giessen-Lutzelinden

46 VGP Park Graz

Spain

33 VGP Park San Fernado de Henares 34 VGP Park Lliçà d'Amunt 35 VGP Park Fuenlabrada 36 VGP Park Valencia Cheste 37 VGP Park Zaragoza

Czech Republic

22 VGP Park Tuchoměřice 23 VGP Park Ústí nad Labem 24 VGP Park Český Újezd 25 VGP Park Liberec 26 VGP Park Olomouc 27 VGP Park Jeneč 28 VGP Park Chomutov 29 VGP Park Brno 30 VGP Park Hrádek nad Nisou 31 VGP Park Plzeň

Slovakia

45 VGP Park Malacky

Hungary

41 VGP Park Győr 42 VGP Park Alsónémedi 43 VGP Park Hatvan 44 VGP Park Kecskemét

Romania

38 VGP Park Timișoara 39 VGP Park Sibiu 40 VGP Park Brașov

Germany

  • 01 VGP Park Hamburg
  • 02 VGP Park Soltau
  • 03 VGP Park Leipzig
  • 04 VGP Park Berlin
  • 05 VGP Park Ginsheim
  • 06 VGP Park Schwalbach 07 VGP Park München
  • 08 VGP Park Bingen
  • 09 VGP Park Rodgau 10 VGP Park Höchstadt
  • 11 VGP Park Borna
  • 12 VGP Park Bobenheim-Roxheim
  • 13 VGP Park Frankenthal
  • 14 VGP Park Berlin-Wustermark
  • 15 VGP Park Göttingen
  • 16 VGP Park Wetzlar
  • 17 VGP Park Halle
  • 18 VGP Park Dresden
  • 19 VGP Park Bischofsheim
  • 20 VGP Park Giessen-Buseck
  • 21 VGP Park Giessen-Lutzelinden

GERMANY VGP Park Berlin BUILDING A

tenant Emons Logistik GmbH; Logit Services
GmbH; Isringhausen GmbH & Co. KG
lettable area 2
23,848 m
built 2015

GERMANY VGP Park Berlin

BUILDING B
tenant Lillydoo Services GmbH
lettable area 2
9,642 m
built 2018

GERMANY VGP Park Berlin BUILDING C

tenant SSW Stolze Stahl Waren GmbH;
DefShop GmbH
lettable area 25,829 m
2
built 2018

GERMANY VGP Park Berlin BUILDING D

tenant Lidl Digital FC GmbH & Co. KG
lettable area 2
53,776 m
built 2017

GERMANY VGP Park Bingen BUILDING A

tenant Custom Chrome Europe GmbH
lettable area 2
6,400 m
built 2014

GERMANY VGP Park Bobenheim-Roxheim BUILDING A

tenant Lekkerland Deutschland GmbH &
Co.KG
lettable area 23,270 m2
built 2016

GERMANY VGP Park Borna

BUILDING A

tenant Lekkerland Deutschland GmbH &
Co.KG
lettable area 13,617 m2
built 2016

GERMANY VGP Park Frankenthal BUILDING A

tenant Amazon Logistik Frankenthal GmbH
lettable area 146,899 m2
built 2018

GERMANY VGP Park Ginsheim BUILDING A

tenant INDAT Robotics GmbH; Greenyard
Fresh Germany GmbH; 4PX Express
GmbH; Vicampo.de GmbH
lettable area 35,635 m2
built 2017

GERMANY VGP Park Hamburg BUILDING A0

GEODIS Logistics Deutschland GmbH;
Nippon Express (Deutschland) GmbH;
Weider & Nesse Gmb; EGC Energie
und Gebäudetechnik; Deutsche Post
Immobilien GmbH
34,888 m2
2013

GERMANY VGP Park Hamburg BUILDING A1

Volkswagen AG; Drive Medical GmbH
& Co. KG; CHEP Deutschland GmbH
2
24,633 m
2014–2016

GERMANY VGP Park Hamburg

BUILDING A2

tenant Syncreon Deutschland GmbH
lettable area 18,743 m
2
built 2015

GERMANY VGP Park Hamburg BUILDING A3

tenant Zebco Europe GmbH;
Hausmann Logistik GmbH
lettable area 9,471 m
2
built 2015

GERMANY VGP Park Hamburg BUILDING A4

tenant LZ Logistik GmbH
lettable area 2
14,471 m
built 2016

GERMANY VGP Park Hamburg BUILDING A5

tenant Landgard eG
lettable area 13,136 m
2
built 2018

GERMANY VGP Park Hamburg BUILDING B1

tenant Rhenus SE & Co. KG
lettable area 57,471 m2
built 2015–2017

GERMANY VGP Park Hamburg

BUILDING B2

tenant Geis Industrie-Service GmbH; Karl
Heinz Dietrich GmbH & Co KG;
Lagerei und Spedition Dirk Vollmer
GmbH
lettable area 40,586 m2
built 2017

GERMANY VGP Park Hamburg

BUILDING B3

tenant CARGO-PARTNER GmbH; Lagerei und
Spedition Dirk Vollmer GmbH
lettable area 9,455 m2
built 2017

GERMANY VGP Park Hamburg BUILDING C

tenant Rieck Projekt Kontakt Logistik
Hamburg GmbH & Co. KG
lettable area 23,679 m2
built 2017

GERMANY VGP Park Hamburg BUILDING D1

tenant AO Deutschland Ltd.
lettable area 2,502 m2
built 2015

GERMANY VGP Park Höchstadt BUILDING A

tenant C&A Mode GmbH & Co. KG
lettable area 15,001 m
2
built 2015

GERMANY VGP Park Leipzig

BUILDING A1

Deine Tür GmbH; fms field
marketing + sales services GmbH
6,915 m
2
under construction

GERMANY VGP Park Leipzig BUILDING A2

tenant on-going negotiations
lettable area 8,873 m
2
built under construction

GERMANY VGP Park Leipzig BUILDING B1

tenant USM operations GmbH
lettable area 2
24,630 m
built 2017

GERMANY VGP Park Rodgau BUILDING A

tenant A & O GmbH, Geis Ersatzteil-Service
GmbH; PTG Lohnabfüllung GmbH;
toom Baumarkt GmbH
lettable area 2
24,878 m
built 2016

GERMANY VGP Park Rodgau BUILDING B

tenant Rhenus SE & Co. KG
lettable area 43,375 m2
built 2016

GERMANY VGP Park Rodgau BUILDING C

tenant toom Baumarkt GmbH
lettable area 19,782 m2
built 2015

GERMANY VGP Park Rodgau BUILDING D

tenant EBARA Pumps Europe S.p.A.;
ASENDIA Operations GmbH & Co KG
lettable area 7,062 m2
built 2016

GERMANY VGP Park Rodgau

built 2015
lettable area 8,763 m2
tenant PTG Lohnabfüllung GmbH
BUILDING E

GERMANY VGP Park Schwalbach BUILDING A

tenant Optimas OE Solutions GmbH
lettable area 8,386 m2
built 2017

GERMANY VGP Park Soltau BUILDING A

tenant AUDI AG
lettable area 55,811 m
2
built 2016

GERMANY VGP Park Wetzlar

BUILDING A

tenant Ancla Logistik GmbH
lettable area 2
18,685 m
built 2018 – partly under construction

GERMANY VGP Park Wetzlar BUILDING B

tenant POCO Einrichtungsmärkte GmbH;
Global Cargo Service GmbH; Strieder
Transport Logistik GmbH; Trans-Pak
AG
lettable area 19,264 m
2
built under construction

GERMANY VGP Park Göttingen BUILDING B

tenant Amazon EU S.a.r.l.
lettable area 38,506 m
2
built under construction

GERMANY VGP Park Göttingen BUILDING A

tenant Friedrich ZUFALL GmbH & Co. KG;
Amazon EU S.a.r.l.
lettable area 2
42,643 m
built 2018

GERMANY VGP Park Göttingen BUILDING E

tenant Van Waveren Saaten GmbH
lettable area 6,026 m2
built under construction

GERMANY VGP Park Wustermark BUILDING A2

tenant Wardow GmbH
lettable area 12,220 m2
built under construction

GERMANY VGP Park Wustermark BUILDING B1

tenant Wardow GmbH
lettable area 28,810 m2
built under construction

GERMANY VGP Park Wustermark BUILDING C1

tenant Wepoba Wellpappenfabrik GmbH
lettable area 12,800 m2
built 2018

GERMANY VGP Park Wustermark BUILDING C2

tenant TA Technix GmbH
lettable area 6,382 m2
built 2018

GERMANY VGP Park Dresden BUILDING A

tenant Schenker Deutschland AG
lettable area 20,175 m2
built 2018

GERMANY VGP Park Bischofsheim

BUILDING A

tenant Bettmer GmbH; Avantag Energy
Betreibesellschaft 1 GmbH
lettable area 6,654 m2
built under construction

GERMANY VGP Park Halle BUILDING A

tenant L´ISOLANTE K-FLEX GmbH; TTM
GmbH International Spedition
lettable area 18,941 m2
built partly delivered

Overview of portfolio in Germany

VGP PARK OWNER LAND LETTABLE AREA (m²)
AREA
(m²)
COMPLETED UNDER
CONSTRU
CTION
POTEN
TIAL
TOTAL CONTRACTED
ANNUAL
RENT (€)
VGP Park Hamburg VGP 87,952 30,148 30,148
VGP Park Gottingen VGP 237,618 42,993 44,532 87,525 3.4
VGP Park Halle VGP 165,888 18,941 59,041 77,982 0.7
VGP Park VGP 132,999 19,182 41,030 12,855 73,067 1.3
Wustermark
VGP Park
Dresden-Radeburg
VGP 32,383 20,175 20,175 0.9
VGP Park Berlin VGP 225,034 82,112 82,112 3.4
VGP Park München VGP 533,036 220,021 3.2
VGP Park
Bischofsheim
VGP 11,763 6,654 6,654 0.4
VGP Park
Giessen-Buseck
VGP 36,549 18,128 18,128
VGP Park
Giessen-Lutzelinden
VGP 23,379 10,400 10,400
Total 1,486,601 82,350 111,156 432,705 626,211 13.3
VGP Park Bingen Joint
Venture
15,000 6,400 6,400 0.4
VGP Park Hamburg Joint
Venture
537,112 249,033 249,033 13.0
VGP Park Soltau Joint
Venture
119,868 55,811 55,811 1.9
VGP Park Rodgau Joint
Venture
212,740 103,860 103,860 6.0
VGP Park Höchstadt Joint
Venture
45,680 15,001 15,001 0.9
VGP Park Berlin Joint
Venture
234,995 113,095 113,095 4.8
VGP Park
Frankenthal
Joint
Venture
174,832 146,899 146,899 9.0
VGP Park
Bobenheim-Roxheim
Joint
Venture
56,655 23,270 23,270 1.7
VGP Park Borna Joint
Venture
42,533 13,617 13,617 0.8
VGP Park Leipzig Joint
Venture
105,885 24,630 15,788 4,750 45,168 1.6
VGP Park Joint 19,587 8,386 8,386 0.5
Schwalbach Venture
VGP Park Wetzlar Joint
Venture
67,336 37,949 37,949 1.9
VGP Park Ginsheim Joint
Venture
59,845 35,635 35,635 2.3
Total 1,692,068 833,585 15,788 4,750 854,123 44.8
Total Germany 3,178,669 915,935 126,944 437,455 1,480,335 58.1

Czech Republic

  • 22 VGP Park Tuchoměřice
  • 23 VGP Park Ústí nad Labem
  • 24 VGP Park Český Újezd
  • 25 VGP Park Liberec
  • 26 VGP Park Olomouc 27 VGP Park Jeneč
  • 28 VGP Park Chomutov
  • 29 VGP Park Brno
  • 30 VGP Park Hrádek nad Nisou
  • 31 VGP Park Plzeň

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Brno BUILDING I.

tenant KARTON P+P, spol. s r.o.; NOTINO,
s.r.o.; ZINK Trading s.r.o.
lettable area 2
12,226 m
built 2017

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Brno

BUILDING II.

2 NOTINO, s.r.o.; SUTA s.r.o.;
lettable area
14,242 m
built
2013–2016

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Brno BUILDING III.

tenant HARTMANN – RICO a.s.
lettable area 2
8,621 m
built 2013

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Český Újezd

BUILDING I.
tenant Yusen Logistics (Czech) s.r.o.;
Spedice Kudrová s.r.o.
lettable area 12,789 m
2
built 2018

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Český Újezd BUILDING II.

tenant FIA ProTeam s.r.o.
lettable area 2,753 m
2
built 2016

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Hrádek nad Nisou BUILDING H1

tenant Drylock Technologies s.r.o.
lettable area 40,361 m2
built 2012–2014

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Hrádek nad Nisou

BUILDING H5

tenant Drylock Technologies s.r.o.
lettable area 26,721 m2
built 2018

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Liberec BUILDING L1

tenant KNORR-BREMSE Systémy pro užitková
vozidla ČR, s.r.o.
lettable area 11,436 m2
built 2016

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Olomouc BUILDING A

Nagel Česko s.r.o.
7,808 m2
2017

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Olomouc BUILDING B

tenant John Crane a.s.
lettable area 9,010 m2
built 2017

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Olomouc BUILDING C

tenant SGB Czech Trafo s.r.o.; Edwards, s.r.o.
lettable area 2
11,140 m
built 2018

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Olomouc

BUILDING G1

tenant Benteler Automotive Rumburk s.r.o.;
Gerfl or CZ s.r.o.; RTR-TRANSPORT
A LOGISTIKA s.r.o.; SUTA s.r.o.
lettable area 2
12,124 m
built 2017

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Olomouc BUILDING G2

tenant Euro Pool System CZ s.r.o.;
FENIX solutions s.r.o.
lettable area 2
19,859 m
built 2015

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Olomouc BUILDING H

tenant Mürdter Dvořák, lisovna, spol. s r.o.
lettable area 2
14,272 m
built 2018/partly under construction

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Pilsen BUILDING A

tenant ASSA ABLOY ES Production s.r.o.
lettable area 8,711 m
2
built 2014

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Jeneč BUILDING AB

tenant 4PX Express CZ s.r.o.
lettable area 52,582 m2
built 2017

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Jeneč

BUILDING C

tenant 4PX Express CZ s.r.o.
lettable area 11,698 m2
built 2018

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Jeneč BUILDING D1

tenant 4PX Express CZ s.r.o.
lettable area 1,885 m2
built 2017

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Jeneč BUILDING D2

tenant 4PX Express CZ s.r.o.
lettable area 3,725 m2
built under construction

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Chomutov BUILDING A

tenant Tenant Beinbauer Automotive CZ s.r.o.
lettable area 17,146 m2
built 2018

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Ústí nad Labem BUILDING P1

tenant JOTUN CZECH a.s.; Minda KTSN
Plastic Solutions s.r.o.
lettable area 2
5,351 m
built 2014

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Ústí nad Labem BUILDING P2

tenant Ligman Europe s.r.o.
lettable area 6,368 m
2
built 2018

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Ústí nad Labem BUILDING P3

tenant Treves CZ s.r.o.
lettable area 2
8,725 m
built 2017

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Ústí nad Labem BUILDING P4

tenant Treves CZ s.r.o.
lettable area 2
6,134 m
built Treves CZ s.r.o.

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Ústí nad Labem BUILDING P6.1

tenant SSI Technologies s.r.o.
lettable area 2
6,080 m
built 2015

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Jeneč BUILDING AB

tenant 4PX Express CZ s.r.o.
lettable area 52,582 m2
built 2017

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Jeneč

lettable area
built
11,698 m2
2018
tenant 4PX Express CZ s.r.o.
BUILDING C

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Jeneč BUILDING D1

tenant 4PX Express CZ s.r.o.
lettable area 1,885 m2
built 2017

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Jeneč BUILDING D2

tenant 4PX Express CZ s.r.o.
lettable area 3,725 m2
built under construction

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Chomutov BUILDING A

tenant Tenant Beinbauer Automotive CZ s.r.o.
lettable area 17,146 m2
built 2018

CZECH REPUBLIC VGP Park Chomutov BUILDING BC

tenant Magna Automotive (CZ) s.r.o.
lettable area 35,836 m2
built 2018

Overview of portfolio in the Czech Republic

VGP PARK OWNER LAND LETTABLE AREA (m²)
AREA
(m²)
COMPLETED UNDER
CONSTRU
CTION
POTEN
TIAL
TOTAL CONTRACTED
ANNUAL
RENT (€)
VGP Park Olomouc VGP 307,881 14,272 121,592 135,864 0.9
VGP Park Hrádek
nad Nisou 2
VGP 78,240 30,932 30,932
VGP Park Chomutov VGP 100,367 35,836 17,146 5,310 58,292 2.3
VGP Park Prostějov VGP 139,661 51,701 51,701
Total 626,149 35,836 31,418 209,535 276,789 3.2
VGP Park
Tuchoměřice
Joint
Venture
58,701 25,004 25,004 1.1
VGP Park
Český Újezd
Joint
Venture
45,383 15,542 15,542 0.7
VGP Park
Liberec
Joint
Venture
36,062 11,436 2,304 13,740 0.6
VGP Park
Brno
Joint
Venture
63,974 35,088 35,088 1.9
VGP Park
Hrádek nad Nisou
Joint
Venture
180,638 67,081 13,138 80,219 3.6
VGP Park
Plzeň
Joint
Venture
92,354 44,011 44,011 2.3
VGP Park
Ústí nad Labem
Joint
Venture
141,968 32,658 8,726 41,384 2.0
VGP Park
Olomouc
Joint
Venture
171,872 59,942 7,868 67,810 3.2
VGP Park
Jeneč
Joint
Venture
173,859 66,164 3,725 69,889 2.7
Total 964,811 356,927 3,725 32,036 392,687 18.0
Total Czech
Republic
1,590,960 392,762 35,143 241,572 669,477 21.2

Other countries in Europe

35

Madrid

36

37

Latvia

32 VGP Park Kekava

Spain

  • 33 VGP Park San Fernado de Henares
  • 34 VGP Park Lliçà d'Amunt
  • 35 VGP Park Fuenlabrada
  • 36 VGP Park Valencia Cheste
  • 37 VGP Park Zaragoza

Romania

  • 38 VGP Park Timișoara
  • 39 VGP Park Sibiu
  • 40 VGP Park Brașov

Hungary

  • 41 VGP Park Győr
  • 42 VGP Park Alsónémedi
  • 43 VGP Park Hatvan
  • 44 VGP Park Kecskemét

Slovakia

45 VGP Park Malacky

Austria

46 VGP Park Graz

The Netherlands

47 VGP Park Nijmegen

Italy

48 VGP Park Calcio 33 34

HUNGARY VGP Park Alsónémedi BUILDING A1.1

tenant Nagel Hungária Logisztikai Korlátolt
Felelösségü Társaság
lettable area 2
22,905 m
built 2016

HUNGARY VGP Park Győr

BUILDING A

tenant SKINY Gyártó Korlátolt Felelösségü
Társaság; Waberer's-Szemerey Kft.;
Gebrüder Weiss Szállítmányozási Kft.
lettable area 2
20,290 m
built 2009

HUNGARY VGP Park Győr BUILDING B

tenant Lear Corporation Hungary Kft.;
TI Automotive (Hungary) Kft.
lettable area 24,739 m
2
built 2012, 2017

HUNGARY VGP Park Győr BUILDING C

tenant Dana Hungary Kft.
lettable area 2
6,463 m
built 2011

SLOVAKIA VGP Park Malacky BUILDING A

tenant Benteler Automotive SK s.r.o.; SPP –
distribuce, a.s.
lettable area 2
14,863 m
built 2009

SLOVAKIA VGP Park Malacky BUILDING B

tenant Benteler Automotive SK s.r.o.; Cipher
Europe s.r.o.; PLP Facility, a.s.
lettable area 18,162 m2
built 2016 – partly under construction

SLOVAKIA VGP Park Malacky

BUILDING C

tenant FROMM SLOVAKIA, a.s.;
Tajco Slovakia s. r. o.
lettable area 15,255 m2
built 2015

SLOVAKIA VGP Park Malacky BUILDING D

Volkswagen Konzernlogistik
GmbH & Co. OHG
25,692 m2
2015

SLOVAKIA VGP Park Malacky BUILDING E1

tenant IDEAL Automotive Slovakia, s.r.o.
lettable area 12,756 m2
built 2016

LATVIA VGP Park Kekava BUILDING A

tenant SIA "Degalava Real Estate"; MMD
Serviss SIA m2
lettable area 35,557 m2
built 2018

LATVIA VGP Park Kekava BUILDING B

tenant MMD Serviss SIA
lettable area 26,988 m
2
built under construction

ROMANIA VGP Park Timişoara

BUILDING A1

built 2016
lettable area 17,564 m
2
tenant QUEHENBERGER LOGISTICS ROU
SRL; S.C. Profi Rom Food SRL;
ITC LOGISTIC ROMANIA SRL

ROMANIA VGP Park Timişoara BUILDING A2

tenant SC EKOL INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS
SRL; SC FAN COURIER EXPRESS SRL;
VAN MOER GROUP SRL; KLG Europe
Logistics SRL
lettable area 18,077 m
2
built 2016

ROMANIA VGP Park Timişoara BUILDING B1

tenant QUEHENBERGER LOGISTICS ROU
SRL; WHITELAND LOGISTICS SRL;
CARGO-PARTNER EXPEDITII SRL;
UPS Romania SRL; World Media Trans
SRL; S.C. PROFI ROM FOOD SRL; CSC
ETICHETE SRL
lettable area 2
17,858 m
built 2014

ROMANIA VGP Park Timişoara BUILDING B2

tenant DHL International Romania SRL;
QUEHENBERGER LOGISTICS ROU
SRL; RESET EMS srl; SC SIDE
TRADING SRL; S.C. DSV SOLUTIONS
SRL.; NEFAB PACKAGING ROMANIA
SRL; HELBAKO ELECTRONICA SRL;
lettable area OVT LOGISTICZENTRUM SRL
2
19,900 m
built 2015/under construction

ROMANIA VGP Park Timişoara BUILDING C1

tenant cargo-partner Expeditii s.r.l.; JUST
LOGISTICS SRL; EUROCCOPER SRL
lettable area 20,673 m2
built 2018

ROMANIA VGP Park Timişoara

BUILDING C2

tenant Hafele Romania SRL; OVT
LOGISTICZENTRUM SRL; RF PLAST
GmbH
lettable area 20,330 m2
built under construction

ROMANIA VGP Park Sibiu BUILDING B

tenant Englmayer Romania SRL
lettable area 16,527 m2
built under construction

SPAIN VGP Park Lliçà d'Amunt BUILDING C

Noatum logistics Spain, S.A.U.;
DistriCenter, S.A.U.
33,444 m2
under construction

SPAIN VGP Park San Fernando de Henares BUILDING A

ThyssenKrupp Elevadores, S.L.U.;
Rhenus Logistics S.A.U.
22,819 m2
2018

SPAIN VGP Park San Fernando de Henares BUILDING B1

tenant Rhenus Logistics, S.A.U.; Noatum
Logistics Spain, S.A.U.
lettable area 2
20,225 m
built under construction

SPAIN

VGP Park San Fernando de Henares BUILDING B2

tenant Rhenus Logistics, S.A.U.
lettable area 12,225 m
2
built under construction

SPAIN

VGP Park San Fernando de Henares BUILDING E

tenant DSV Road Spain, S.A.U.
lettable area 12,197 m
2
built under construction

AUSTRIA VGP Park Graz BUILDING A

tenant MAGNA Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik
AG & Co KG
lettable area 2
17,737 m
built 2018

Overview portfolio in other countries in Europe

VGP PARK OWNER LAND LETTABLE AREA (m²)
AREA
(m²)
COMPLETED UNDER
CONSTRU
CTION
POTEN
TIAL
TOTAL CONTRACTED
ANNUAL
RENT (€)
VGP Park Timișoara
(Romania)
VGP 279,291 94,072 20,330 10,500 124,902 4.6
VGP Park Sibiu
(Romania)
VGP 97,036 16,527 27,785 44,312 0.1
VGP Park Brașov
(Romania)
VGP 237,538 107,712 107,712
VGP Park Kecskemét
Kft (Hungary)
VGP 86,267 44,636 44,636 0.5
VGP Park Hatvan
(Hungary)
VGP 57,584 25,914 25,914 1.0
VGP Park Kekava
(Latvia)
VGP 148,442 35,557 26,988 62,545 3.4
VGP Park San
Fernando (Spain)
VGP 222,666 22,819 44,647 54,944 122,410 4.0
VGP Park Lliçà
d'Amunt (Spain)
VGP 149,597 33,444 44,784 78,228 1.1
VGP Park
Fuenlabrada (Spain)
VGP 80,223 41,735 41,735
VGP Park Valencia
Cheste (Spain)
VGP 28,889 14,722 14,722
VGP Park Zaragoza
(Spain)
VGP 80,000 45,386 45,386
VGP Park Nijmegen
(Netherlands)
VGP 267,013 152,041 152,041 0.9
VGP Park Graz
(Austria)
VGP 38,239 17,737 17,737 1.1
VGP Park Calcio
(Italy)
VGP 48,593 22,695 22,695
Total 1,821,378 170,186 141,936 592,854 904,976 16.7
VGP Park Malacky
(Slovakia)
Joint
Venture
220,492 68,566 18,162 9,880 96,608 3.9
VGP Park Győr
(Hungary)
Joint
Venture
121,798 51,491 51,491 2.8
VGP Park
Alsónémedi
(Hungary)
Joint
Venture
85,349 22,905 12,000 34,905 1.4
Total 427,639 142,962 18,162 21,880 183,004 8.0
Total Other
Countries
2,249,017 313,148 160,098 614,734 1,087,980 24.7

Financial review

For the year ended 31 December 2018

Page 120 / VGP NV Annual report 2018 / Content of the Financial review

Content of the Financial review

Consolidated financial statements page 122

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

page 127

Supplementary notes not part of the audited financial statements

page 173

Parent company information page 175

Auditor's report page 177

Glossary of terms page 182

Consolidated income statement

For the year ended 31 December 2018

INCOME STATEMENT (in thousands of €) NOTE 2018 2017
Revenue1 5 30,336 28,224
Gross rental income 5 16,627 17,046
Property operating expenses 6 (1,123) (1,941)
Net rental income 15,504 15,105
Joint venture management fee income 5 9,965 8,057
Net valuation gains/(losses) on investment properties 7 98,552 94,628
Administration expenses 8 (18,167) (19,353)
Share in result of joint venture and associates 9 45,220 29,229
Operating profit/(loss) 151,074 127,666
Financial income 10 6,101 9,730
Financial expenses 10 (20,071) (20,196)
Net financial result (13,970) (10,466)
Profit before taxes 137,104 117,200
Taxes 11 (15,998) (21,205)
Profit for the period 121,106 95,995
Attributable to:
Shareholders of VGP NV 12 121,106 95,995
Non-controlling interests
RESULT PER SHARE NOTE 2018 2017
Basic earnings per share (in €) 12 6.52 5.17
Diluted earnings per share (in €) 12 6.52 5.17

The consolidated income statement should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

1 Revenue is composed of gross rental income, service charge income, property and facility management income and property development income.

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income

For the year ended 31 December 2018

STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (in thousands of €) 2018 2017
Profit for the year 121,106 95,995
Other comprehensive income to be reclassified
to profit or loss in subsequent periods
Other comprehensive income not to be reclassified
to profit or loss in subsequent periods
Other comprehensive income for the period
Total comprehensive income/(loss) of the period 121,106 95,995
Attributable to:
Shareholders of VGP NV 121,106 95,995
Non-controlling interest

Consolidated balance sheet

For the year ended 31 December 2018

ASSETS (in thousands of €) NOTE 2018 2017
Intangible assets 41 36
Investment properties 13 468,513 392,291
Property, plant and equipment 742 507
Non-current financial assets 322
Investments in joint venture and associates 9 241,427 143,312
Other non-current receivables 9 41,461 12,757
Deferred tax assets 11 785 32
Total non-current assets 752,969 549,257
Trade and other receivables 14 23,064 11,074
Cash and cash equivalents 15 161,446 30,269
Disposal group held for sale 20 274,939 441,953
Total current assets 459,449 483,296
TOTAL ASSETS 1,212,418 1,032,553
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY AND LIABILITIES (in thousands of €) NOTE 2018 2017
Share capital 16 62,251 62,251
Retained earnings 481,147 403,910
Other reserves 69 69
Shareholders' equity 543,467 466,230
Non-current financial debt 17 564,375 390,067
Other non-current financial liabilities 60 1,966
Other non-current liabilities 18 1,215 1,680
Deferred tax liabilities 11 16,692 11,750
Total non-current liabilities 582,342 405,463
Current financial debt 17 22,479 81,358
Trade debts and other current liabilities 19 38,769 38,379
Liabilities related to disposal group held for sale 20 25,361 41,123
Total current liabilities 86,609 160,860

TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 1,212,418 1,032,553

Total liabilities 668,951 566,323

The consolidated balance sheet should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

Statement of changes in equity

For the year ended 31 December 2018

STATEMENT OF CHANGES
IN EQUITY (in thousands of €)
STATUTORY
SHARE
CAPITAL
CAPITAL
RESERVE
(see note 16)
IFRS
SHARE
CAPITAL
RETAINED
EARNINGS
SHARE
PREMIUM
OTHER
EQUITY
TOTAL
EQUITY
Balance as at 1 January 2017 112,737 (50,486) 62,251 327,985 69 — 390,305
Other comprehensive
income/(loss)
Result of the period 95,995 95,995
Effect of disposals
Total comprehensive
income/(loss)
95,995 95,995
Dividends to shareholders
Share capital distribution
to shareholders
(20,070) 20,070 (20,070) (20,070)
Balance as at 31 December 2017 92,667 (30,416) 62,251 403,910 69 — 466,230
Balance as at 1 January 2018 92,667 (30,416) 62,251 403,910 69 — 466,230
Other comprehensive
income/(loss)
Result of the period 121,106 121,106
Effect of disposals
Total comprehensive
income/(loss)
121,106 121,106
Dividends to shareholders (35,308) (35,308)
Share capital distribution
to shareholders
Correction for reciprocal
interest through associates
(see note 12.1)
(8,561) (8,561)
Balance as at 31 December 2018 92,667 (30,416) 62,251 481,147 69 543,467

Consolidated cash flow statement

For the year ended 31 December 2018

CASH FLOW STATEMENT (in thousands of €) NOTE 2018 2017
Cash flows from operating activities 21
Profit before taxes 137,104 117,200
Adjustments for:
Depreciation 180 216
Unrealised (gains) /losses on investment properties 7 (64,156) (90,272)
Realised (gains)/losses on disposal of subsidiaries and investment properties 7 (34,396) (4,356)
Unrealised (gains)/losses on financial instruments and foreign exchange 1,161 (4,011)
Interest (income) (5,738) (5,619)
Interest expense 18,546 20,096
Share in (profit)/loss of joint venture and associates 9 (45,220) (29,229)
Operating profit before changes in working capital and provisions 7,481 4,025
Decrease/(Increase) in trade and other receivables (24,556) (7,308)
(Decrease)/Increase in trade and other payables (10,939) 17,113
Cash generated from the operations (28,013) 13,830
Interest income 35 393
Interest (expense) (22,011) (20,247)
Income taxes paid (1,046) (762)
Net cash from operating activities (51,035) (6,786)
Cash flows from investing activities 21
Proceeds from disposal of tangible assets and other 41 8
Proceeds from disposal of subsidiaries and investment properties 22 438,364 155,715
Investment property and investment property under construction (263,339) (168,379)
Distribution by/(investment in) joint venture and associates 1,000
Loans provided to joint venture and associates (78,094) (89,819)
Loans repaid by joint venture and associates 7,752 11,200
Net cash used in investing activities 104,724 (90,274)
Cash flows from financing activities 21
Dividends paid (35,308)
Net Proceeds/(cash out) from the issue/(repayment) of share capital (20,070)
Proceeds from loans 17 188,357 157,444
Loan repayments 17 (75,750) (79,749)
Net cash used in financing activities 77,299 57,625
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 130,988 (39,434)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period 30,269 71,595
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations (251) 426
Reclassification to (–)/from held for sale 440 (2,318)
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period 161,446 30,269

The consolidated cash fl ow statement should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

Notes to and forming part of the fi nancial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2018

1. General information

VGP NV (the "Company") is a limited liability company and was incorporated under Belgian law on 6 February 2007 for an indefi nite period of time with its registered offi ce located at Uitbreidingstraat 72 box 7, 2600 Antwerp (Berchem), Belgium and the Company is registered under enterprise number 0887.216.042 (Register of Legal Entities of Antwerp – Division Antwerp).

The Group is a pure-play real estate group specialised in the acquisition, development, and management of logistic real estate, i.e. buildings suitable for logistical purposes and light industrial activities. The Group focuses on strategically located plots of land suitable for development of logistic business parks of a certain size, so as to build up an extensive and well-diversifi ed land bank on top locations, i.e. locations in the vicinity of highly concentrated living and/or production centres, with an optimal access to transport infrastructure.

The aim of the Group is to become a leading pan-European specialised developer and owner of high-quality logistic and light industrial property logistic property. The Group is currently active in Germany, Austria, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, Italy, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Latvia.

The Company's consolidated fi nancial statements include those of the Company and its subsidiaries (together referred to as "Group"). The consolidated fi nancial statements were approved for issue by the board of directors on 5 April 2019.

2. Summary of principal accounting policies

2.1 Statement of compliance

The consolidated fi nancial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) which have been adopted by the European Union.

These standards comprise all new and revised standards and interpretations published by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and interpretations issued by the International Financial Interpretations Committee of the IASB, as far as applicable to the activities of the Group and eff ective as from 1 January 2018.

New standards and interpretations applicable during 2018

A number of new standards, amendments to standards and interpretations became eff ective during the fi nancial year:

  • IFRS 9 Financial Instruments and subsequent amendments
  • IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers
  • IFRIC 22 Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration
  • Annual improvements to IFRS Standards 2014-2016 Cycle: Amendments to IFRS 1 and IAS 28
  • Amendments to IFRS 2 Classifi cation and Measurement of Share-based Payment Transactions
  • Amendments to IFRS 4 Applying IFRS 9 Financial Instruments with IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts
  • Amendments to IAS 40 Transfers of Investment Property

The above new standards, amendments to standards and interpretations did not give rise to any material changes in the presentation and preparation of the consolidated fi nancial statements of the year. Reference is made to note 23.7 where an overview is presented of the changes in classifi cation of fi nancial instruments from IFRS 9 compared to IAS 39.

New standards and interpretations not yet effective during 2018

A number of new standards, amendments to standards and interpretations are not yet eff ective for the year ended 31 December 2018, and have not been applied when preparing fi nancial statements:

  • Annual improvements to IFRS Standards 2015–2017 Cycle (applicable for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2019, but not yet endorsed in the EU)
  • IFRS 14 Regulatory Deferral Accounts (applicable for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2016, but not yet endorsed in the EU)
  • IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts (applicable for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2021, but not yet endorsed in the EU)
  • Amendments to references to the Conceptual Framework in IFRS standards (applicable for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2020, but not yet endorsed in the EU)
  • Amendments to IFRS 3 Business Combinations (applicable for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2020, but not yet endorsed in the EU)
  • Amendments to IFRS 9 Prepayment Features with Negative Compensation (applicable for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2019)
  • Amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28 Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or Joint Venture (the eff ective date has been deferred indefi nitely, and therefore the endorsement in the EU has been postponed)
  • Amendments to IAS 1 and IAS 8 Defi nition of Material (applicable for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2020, but not yet endorsed in the EU)
  • Amendments to IAS 19 Plan Amendment, Curtailment or Settlement (applicable for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2019, but not yet endorsed in the EU)
  • Amendments to IAS 28 Long term interests in Associates and Joint Ventures (applicable for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2019, but not yet endorsed in the EU)
  • IFRIC 23 Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments (applicable for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2019)
  • IFRS 16 Leases (applicable for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2019). IFRS 16 provides a comprehensive model for the identifi cation of lease arrangements and their treatment in the fi nancial statements of both lessees and lessors. It will supersede IAS 17 – Leases and related interpretations upon its eff ective date.

Signifi cant changes to lessee accounting are introduced by IFRS 16, with the distinction between operating and fi nance leases removed and assets and liabilities recognised in respect of all leases (subject to limited exceptions for short-term leases and leases of low value assets). In contrast to lessee accounting, IFRS 16 substantially carries forward the lessor accounting requirements in IAS 17, and continues to require a lessor to classify a lease either as an operating lease or a fi nance lease.

As VGP is almost exclusively acting as lessor, IFRS 16 is not expected to have a material impact on its consolidated fi nancial statements. In the limited cases where VGP is the lessee in contracts classifi ed as operating leases under IAS 17 and not subject to the IFRS 16 exemptions such as leasing of cars and lease paid for own offi ces, a right-of-use asset and related liability will be recognised on the consolidated balance sheet.

The group has reviewed all of the its leasing arrangements over the last year in light of the new lease accounting rules in IFRS 16. At the reporting date, the group has non-cancellable operating lease commitments of € 2.2 million. The group expects that net profi t after tax will not decrease materially for 2019 (currently expected to be around € 0.1 million), as a result of adopting the new rules.

The initial application of the other above standards, amendments to standards and interpretation is estimated not to give rise to any material changes in the presentation and preparation of the consolidated fi nancial statements.

2.2 Basis of preparation

The consolidated fi nancial statements are prepared on a historic cost basis, with the exception of investment properties and fi nancial derivatives which are stated at fair value. All fi gures are in thousands of Euros (in thousands of €), unless stated otherwise. Minor rounding diff erences might occur.

2.3 Principles of consolidation

Subsidiaries

Subsidiaries are entities over which VGP NV exercises control, which is the case when the Company is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to aff ect these returns through its power over the entity.

Intercompany transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between group companies are eliminated. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group.

Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group. They are de-consolidated from the date that control ceases. Losses within a subsidiary are attributed to the non-controlling interest even if that results in a defi cit balance. A change in the ownership interest of a subsidiary, without a loss of control, is accounted for as an equity transaction. If the Group loses control over a subsidiary, it:

  • Derecognises the assets (including goodwill) and liabilities of the subsidiary
  • Derecognises the carrying amount of any non-controlling interest
  • Derecognises the cumulative translation diff erences, recorded in equity
  • Recognises the fair value of the consideration received
  • Recognises the fair value of any investment retained
  • Recognises any surplus or defi cit in profi t or loss
  • Reclassifi es the parent's share of components previously recognised in other comprehensive income to profi t or loss or retained earnings, as appropriate.

Joint venture and associates

A joint venture exists when VGP NV has contractually agreed to share control with one or more other parties, which is the case only when decisions about the relevant activities require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control.

Associates are companies in which VGP NV, directly or indirectly, has a signifi cant infl uence and which are neither subsidiaries nor joint ventures. This is presumed if the Group holds at least 20% of the voting rights attaching to the shares. The fi nancial information included for these companies is prepared using the accounting policies of the Group. When the Group has acquired joint control in a joint venture or signifi cant infl uence in an associate, the share in the acquired assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities is initially re-measured to fair value at the acquisition date and accounted for using the equity method. Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the share in the assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired is recognized as goodwill. When the goodwill is negative, it is immediately recognized in profi t or loss. Subsequently, the consolidated fi nancial statements include the Group's share of the results of joint ventures and associates accounted for using the equity method until the date when joint control or signifi cant infl uence ceases. If the Group's share of the losses of a joint venture or associate exceeds the carrying amount of the investment, the investment is carried at nil value and recognition of additional losses is limited except to the extent that VGP has incurred constructive or contractual obligations in respect of the associate.

Unrealized gains arising from transactions with joint ventures and associates are set against the investment in the joint venture or associate concerned to the extent of the Group's interest. The carrying amounts of investments in joint ventures and associates are reassessed if there are indications that the asset has been impaired or that impairment losses recognized in prior years have ceased to apply. The investments in joint ventures and associates in the balance sheet include the carrying amount of any related goodwill.

IAS 28.28 only permits recognition of the gain or loss from downstream transactions "to the extent of unrelated investors' interests in the associate or joint venture". However, the standard does not specifi cally address the treatment of revenue derived from transactions with equity-method investees (e.g. revenue from the sale of goods, or interest revenue) and whether that revenue should be eliminated from the consolidated fi nancial statements. In contrast, according to IFRS 10.25 upon loss of control of a subsidiary, a parent derecognises the assets and liabilities of the subsidiary (including non-controlling interests) in full and measures any investment retained in the former subsidiary at its fair value. In the absence of any other relevant guidance, entities have, in eff ect, an accounting policy choice of applying either the approach in IFRS 10 or the approach in IAS 28.

VGP has made the accounting policy choice to recognize the gain or loss on the disposal of a subsidiary to a joint venture or associate in full in profi t or loss. In respect of the treatment of revenues derived from transactions with joint ventures and associates (e.g. sales services, interest revenue, …), the Group has opted not to eliminate its interest in these transactions. As a matter of example, VGP receives € 100 interest income on a loan provided to a 50/50 joint venture. Under the accounting policy adopted by VGP this interest income would be accounted for as € 100 interest income of the Group. The cost incurred by the joint venture would be accounted for on a proportional (50%) basis through "results in joint ventures and associates" without making any adjustment for the proportional interest held by VGP. By doing so the Group will only recognise its proportional profi t or loss in its consolidated fi gures and ensure that it does not recognise a higher profi t or loss than its share in the "results in joint ventures and associates".

2.4 Foreign currency translation

Items included in the fi nancial statements of each of the Group's entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the "functional currency"). The consolidated fi nancial statements are presented in euros (€), which is the Company's functional currency and the Group's presentation currency.

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to Euro at the foreign exchange rate ruling at the date of the transaction. Consequently, non-monetary assets and liabilities are presented at Euro using the historic foreign exchange rate. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than Euro at the balance sheet date are translated to Euro at the foreign exchange rate ruling at that date. Foreign exchange diff erences arising on translation are recognised in the consolidated income statement.

2.5 Goodwill

When VGP acquires the control over an integrated set of activities and assets, as defi ned in IFRS 3 Business Combinations, the identifi able assets, obligations and conditional obligations of the acquired company will be booked to their fair value on the purchase date. The goodwill represents the positive diff erence between the acquisition cost and the part of the group in the fair value of the acquired net assets. If this diff erence is negative (negative goodwill) it is immediately booked in the result after a re-evaluation of the values.

After the initial take-up the goodwill is not written down, but subject to an impairment test, which is carried out each year on the cash fl ow generating units to which the goodwill is allocated. If the book value of a cash fl ow generating unit exceeds the operating value, the loss of value following from this will be booked in the result and in the fi rst instance included in the reduction of the possible goodwill and then subsequently to the other assets of the unit, in proportion to their book value. A write-down on the goodwill cannot be reversed in a subsequent fi nancial year.

2.6 Intangible assets

Intangible assets are measured at cost or fair value less accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment losses. Intangible assets are amortized on a straightline basis over the best estimate of their useful lives. The amortization period and method are reviewed at each fi nancial year-end.

2.7 Investment properties

Completed projects

Completed properties are initially measured at cost (including transaction costs). After initial recognition, investment property is carried at fair value. An external independent valuation expert with recognised professional qualifi cations and experience in the location and category of the property being valued, values the portfolio at least annually. The fair values are based on market values, being the estimated amount for which a property could be exchanged on the date of valuation between a willing buyer and a willing seller in an arm's length transaction after proper marketing wherein the parties had each acted knowledgeably, prudently and without compulsion

Any gain or loss arising from a change in fair value is recognised in the consolidated income statement.

Property under construction

Property that is being constructed or developed is also stated at fair value. The properties under construction are valued by the same external independent valuation expert used for the valuations of the completed projects but deducting the remaining construction costs from the calculated market value.

Any gain or loss arising from a change in fair value is recognised in the consolidated income statement.

All costs directly associated with the purchase and construction of a property and all subsequent capital expenditure qualifying as acquisition costs are capitalised.

Development land

Land of which the Group has the full ownership i.e. registered in the respective land registry as owner and on which the Group intends or has started construction (so called 'development land') is immediately valued at fair value. The development land is valued by the same external independent valuation expert used for the valuations of the completed projects.

Any gain or loss arising from a change in fair value is recognised in the consolidated income statement.

All costs directly associated with the purchase of the development land are capitalised.

Land which is not yet in full ownership but which is secured by a future purchase agreement or purchase option is not recognised as investment property until the Group has become full owner of this land.

The Group will be required to make from time to time down payments when entering into such future purchase agreements or purchase options. The down payments of the land will be recorded as other receivables unless such amounts are immaterial, in which case the Board of Directors may elect to classify such amounts under investment properties.

Infrastructure works are not included in the fair value of the development land but are recognised as investment property and valued at cost.

In case the Board of Directors is of the opinion that the fair value of the development land cannot be reliable determined the Board may elect to value the development land at cost less impairment until the fair value becomes reliably determinable.

2.8 Capitalisation of borrowing costs

Interest and other fi nancial expenses relating to the acquisition of fi xed assets incurred until the asset is put in use are capitalised. Subsequently, they are recorded as fi nancial expenses.

2.9 Leases

Group company is the lessee

Operating leases

Leases under which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are eff ectively retained by the lessor are classifi ed as operating leases. Lease payments under an operating lease are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The aggregate benefi t of incentives provided by the lessor is recognized, on a straight-line basis, as a reduction of rental expense over the lease term. Improvements to buildings held under operating leases are depreciated over their expected useful lives, or, where shorter, the term of the relevant lease.

Finance leases

Leases under which the Group assumes substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classifi ed as fi nance leases. At the start of the lease, fi nancial leases are recorded as assets and liabilities in the balance sheet at the fair value of the leased asset or at the cash value of the minimal lease payments, whichever is lower. The minimal lease payments are recorded partly as fi nancing costs and partly as settlement of the outstanding debt such that this results in constant periodic interest over the remaining balance of the liability. The fi nancial charges are directly charged to the result. Conditional lease payments are included as charges in the periods in which they are made.

Group company is the lessor in an operating lease

Properties leased out under operating leases are included in investment property in the consolidated balance sheet. See point 2.19 for the recognition of rental income.

Group company is the lessor – fees paid in connection with arranging leases and lease incentives

The Group makes payments to agents for services in connection with negotiating lease contracts with the Group's lessees. The letting fees are capitalised within the carrying amount of the related investment property and amortised over the lease term. Lease incentives are recognised as a reduction of rental income on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

2.10 Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are valued at their cost price less the accumulated depreciations and write-downs. The cost price includes all directly attributable costs and the relevant part of the indirect costs incurred to make the asset ready for use. Future disbursements for repairs are immediately recorded in the result unless they increase the future fi nancial profi ts of the asset. The straight-line depreciation method is applied over the estimated lifetime of the assets. The useful life and the depreciation method are revised at least annually at the end of each fi nancial year. The tangible fi xed assets are depreciated in accordance with the following percentages:

software:
.
33%
IT equipment:
.
10-33%
offi ce furniture and fi ttings:
.
7-20%
cars:
.
25%

2.11 Financial assets at amortised cost

Financial assets at amortized cost include trade receivables, other receivables and cash and cash equivalents and represent non-derivative fi nancial instruments which are held within a business model with the purpose to receive contractual cashfl ows (held to collect) and the contractual terms of the fi nancial asset give rise to cashfl ows at fi xed dates which represent solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI). Such fi nancial assets are stated at amortised cost with any diff erence between cost and redemption value being recognised in the consolidated income statement over the period of the borrowings on an eff ective interest basis.

Trade receivables do not carry any interest and are stated at amortised cost as reduced by appropriate bad debt allowances. Such allowances are based on the expected credit losses, calculated in accordance with IFRS 9. The group has not developed a provision matrix based on historical credit loss experience as historical credit losses are insignifi cant. In case there has been a signifi cant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, the Group recognises lifetime expected credit losses. This is the case when there is objective evidence that the company will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the original terms of the receivables. Signifi cant fi nancial diffi culties of the debtor, probability that the debtor will enter into bankruptcy or fi nancial reorganization, and default or delinquency in payments are considered indicators that the the default risk has signifi cantly increased. An impairment loss is recognized in the statement of income, as are subsequent recoveries of previous impairments.

Other fi nancial assets at amortized cost include mainly loan to joint ventures and associates. These fi nancial assets are accounted for at amortized cost and the Group recognizes a loss allowance for expected credit losses in accordance with IFRS 9. The amount of expected credit losses is updated at each reporting date to refl ect changes in credit risk since initial recognition of the respective fi nancial asset.

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and call deposits. Such cash balances are only held with banks with high credit ratings, as such expected credit losses are not deemed signifi cant. Bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Group's cash management are included as a component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of the consolidated cashfl ow statement.

2.12 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations

A non-current asset or disposal group is classifi ed as held for sale if its carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable and the asset (or disposal group) is available for immediate sale in its present condition. A discontinued operation is a component of an entity which the entity has disposed of or which is classifi ed as held for sale, which represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations and which can be distinguished operationally and for fi nancial reporting purposes.

For a sale to be highly probable, the entity should be committed to a plan to sell the asset (or disposal group), an active program to locate a buyer and complete the plan should be initiated, and the asset (or disposal group) should be actively marketed at a price which is reasonable in relation to its current fair value, and the sale should be expected to be completed within one year from the date of classifi cation. Assets (or disposal group) classifi ed as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs necessary to make the sale. Any excess of the carrying amount over the fair value less costs to sell is included as an impairment loss. Depreciation of such assets is discontinued as from their classifi cation as held for sale.

Comparative balance sheet information for prior periods is not restated to refl ect the new classifi cation in the balance sheet.

2.13 Interest bearing borrowings

Interest-bearing borrowings are recognised initially at fair value less attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, interest-bearing borrowings are stated at amortised cost with any diff erence between cost and redemption value being recognised in the consolidated income statement over the period of the borrowings on an eff ective interest basis. The Group classifi es as a current portion any part of long-term loans that is due to be settled within one year from the balance sheet date.

2.14 Trade and other payables

Trade and other payables are stated at amortised cost.

2.15 Derivative fi nancial instruments

The Group does not apply hedge accounting in accordance with IFRS 9. Derivative fi nancial assets and liabilities are classifi ed as fi nancial assets or liabilities at Fair Value through Profi t or Loss (FVPL). Derivative fi nancial assets and liabilities comprise mainly interest rate swap and forward foreign exchange contracts for hedging purposes (economic hedge). Recognition of the derivative fi nancial instruments takes place when the economic hedging contracts are entered into. They are measured initially and subsequently at fair value; transaction costs are included directly in fi nance costs. Gains or losses on derivatives are recognised in profi t or loss in net change in fair value of fi nancial instruments at FVPL.

2.16 Impairment on property, plant and equipment and intangible assets

The carrying amounts of the Group's property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the asset's recoverable amount is estimated.

An impairment loss is recognised whenever the carrying amount of an asset or its cash-generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in the consolidated income statement.

Impairment losses recognised in respect of cash-generating units reduce the carrying amount of the assets in the unit (group of units) on a pro-rata basis.

2.17 Reversal of impairment

An impairment loss is reversed in the consolidated income statement if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount to the extent it reverses an impairment loss of the same asset that was recognised previously as an expense.

2.18 Provisions

A provision is recognised in the consolidated balance sheet when the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, and it is probable that an outfl ow of economic benefi ts will be required to settle the obligation. If the eff ect is material, provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash fl ows at a pre-tax rate that refl ects the current market assessments of the time value of money and, where appropriate, the risks specifi c to the liability.

2.19 Revenue recognition

Revenue includes rental income, property and facility management income, development management income and service charge income.

Rental income from operating leases is recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term. When the Group provides incentives to its tenants, the cost of the incentives is recognised over the lease term, on a straight-line basis, as a reduction of rental income.

Revenue from service and property, facility and development management is recognised in the accounting period in which control of the services are passed to the customer, which is when the service is rendered. For certain service contracts, revenue is recognised based on the actual service provided to the end of the reporting period as a proportion of the total services to be provided because the customer receives and uses the benefi ts simultaneously.

Some property management contracts may include multiple elements of service, which are provided to tenants. The Group assesses whether the individual elements of service in contracts are separate performance obligations. Where the contracts include multiple performance obligations, and/or lease and non-lease components, the transaction price will be allocated to each performance obligation (lease and non-lease component) based on the stand-alone selling prices. Where these selling prices are not directly observable, they are estimated based on an expected cost plus margin. In the case of fi xed price contracts, the customer pays the fi xed amount based on a payment schedule. If the services rendered exceed the payment, a contract asset is recognised. If the payments exceed the services rendered, a contract liability is recognised.

Revenue is measured at the transaction price agreed under the contract. Amounts disclosed as revenue are net of variable consideration and payments to customers, which are not for distinct services, this consideration may include discounts, trade allowances, rebates and amounts collected on behalf of third parties.

A receivable is recognised when services are provided as this is the point in time that the consideration is unconditional because only the passage of time is required before the payment is due.

When the Group is acting as an agent, the commission rather than gross income is recorded as revenue.

2.20 Expenses

Service costs and property operating expenses

Service costs for service contracts entered into and property operating expenses are expensed as incurred.

Net financial result

Net fi nancial result comprises interest payable on borrowings and interest rate swaps calculated using the eff ective interest rate method net of interest capitalised, interest receivable on funds invested and interest rate swaps, foreign exchange and interest rate swap gains and losses that are recognised in the consolidated income statement.

Income tax

Income tax on the profi t or loss for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax is recognised in the consolidated income statement except to the extent that it relates to items recognised directly in equity, in which case it is recognised in equity.

Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantially enacted at the balance sheet date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years.

Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet liability method, providing for temporary diff erences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for fi nancial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. The amount of deferred tax provided is based on the expected manner of realisation or settlement of the carrying amount of assets and liabilities, using tax rates enacted or substantially enacted at the balance sheet date.

A deferred tax asset is recognised only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profi ts will be available against which the asset can be utilised. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities have been off set, pursuant to the fulfi lment of the criteria of IAS 12 §74. Deferred tax assets are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefi t will be realised.

3. Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty

3.1 General business risk

We refer to the chapter 'Risk factors' for an overview of the risks aff ecting the businesses of the VGP Group.

3.2 Critical judgements in applying accounting policies

The following are the critical judgments made by management, apart from those involving estimations (see note 3.3. below), that have a signifi cant eff ect on the amounts reported in the consolidated fi nancial statements:

— Determining whether control, joint control or a signifi cant infl uence is exercised over investments. In this respect management concluded that:

  • (i) it has joint control over VGP European Logistics and hence this joint venture and the related associates are accounted for using the equity method;
  • (ii) it has no control over VGP Misv Comm. VA, despite the fact that this company is owned for 79%. Hence VGP Misv Comm. VA. is accounted for using the equity method.

— VGP has made the accounting policy choice to recognize the gain or loss on the disposal of a subsidiary to a joint venture or associate in full in profi t or loss. In respect of the treatment of revenues derived from transactions with joint ventures and associates (e.g. sales services, interest revenue, …), the Group has opted not to eliminate its interest in these transactions nor to make any adjustment for the proportional adjustment to the joint venture corresponding fi gures. By doing so the Group will only recognise its proportional profi t or loss in its consolidated fi gures and ensure that it does not recognise a higher profi t or loss than its share in the "results in joint ventures and associates". (See note 2.3 for further information).

3.3 Key sources of estimation uncertainty

— VGP's portfolio is valued at least annually by independent real estate experts. This valuation by real estate experts is intended to determine the market value of a property at a certain date, as a function of the market evolution and the characteristics of the property concerned.

The property portfolio is recorded at the fair value established by the real estate experts in the Group's consolidated accounts. (see note 13).

4. Segment reporting

The chief operating decision maker is the person that allocates resources to and assesses the performance of the operating segments. The Group has determined that its chief operating decision-maker is the chief executive offi cer (CEO) of the Company. He allocates resources to and assesses the performance at business line and country level.

The segmentation for segment reporting within VGP is primarily by business line and secondly by geographical region.

4.1 Business lines

Business decisions are taken based on various key performance indicators (such as rental income, - activity, occupancy and development yields) and are monitored in this way as VGP primarily focuses on (i) development activities; (ii) letting logistical sites; and fi nally (iii) asset- and property management (including facility management) mainly provided to the VGP European Logistics joint venture.

For management purpose, the Group also presents fi nancial information according to management breakdowns, based on these functional allocations of revenues and costs. These amounts are based on a number of assumptions, and accordingly are not prepared in accordance with IFRS audited consolidated fi nancial statements of VGP NV for the years ended 31 December 2018 and 2017.

Investment business

The Group's investment or so-called rental business consists of operating profi t generated by the completed and leased out projects of the Group's portfolio and the proportional share of the operating profi t (excluding net valuation gains) of the completed and leased out projects of the Joint Venture's portfolio. Revenues and expenses allocated to the rental business unit include 10% of the Group's property operating expenses; other income; other expenses, after deduction of expenses allocated to property development; and share in result of the joint venture, excluding any revaluation result.

Property development

The Group's property development business consists of the net development result on the Group's development activities. Valuation gains (losses) on investment properties related to Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary are assumed to be for these purposes cash generating, as these assets are assumed to be sold to the Joint Venture at a certain point in time and hence crystallizing an eff ective cash infl ow at the moment of such sale. Valuation gains/(losses) on investment properties outside of the JV perimeter i.e. all countries except for Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary are excluded, as they are assumed to be non-cash generating, on the basis that these assets are assumed to be kept in the Group's own portfolio for the foreseeable future. In addition, 90% of total property operating expenses are allocated to the property development business, as are administration expenses after rental business and property management expenses.

Property and asset management

Property and asset management revenue includes asset management, property management and facility management income. Associated operating, administration and other expenses include directly allocated expenses from the respective asset management, property management and facility management service companies. The administrative expenses of the Czech and German property management companies have been allocated on a 50:50 basis between the rental business and the property and asset management business.

Breakdown summary of the business lines

in thousands of € 2018 2017
Investment EBITDA 42,351 32,867
Property development EBITDA 46,427 57,047
Property management and asset management EBITDA 6,848 5,825
Total operating EBITDA 95,626 95,740
in thousands of € FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018
INVESTMENT DEVELOPMENT PROPERTY AND ASSET
MANAGEMENT
TOTAL
Gross rental income 16,627 16,627
Property operating expenses (112) (1,011) (1,123)
Net rental income 16,515 (1,011) 15,504
Joint venture management fee income 9,965 9,965
Net valuation gains/(losses) on investment
properties destined to the Joint Venture
61,248 61,248
Administration expenses (1,021) (13,810) (3,117) (17,948)
Share of joint ventures'
Adjusted operating profit after tax¹
26,857 26,857
EBITDA 42,351 46,427 6,848 95,626
Depreciation and amortisation (27) (126) (66) (219)
Earnings before interest and tax 42,324 46,301 6,782 95,407
Net financial costs – Own (12,485)
Net financial costs –
Joint venture and associates
(9,677)
Profit before tax 73,245
Current income taxes – Own (1,046)
Current income taxes –
Joint venture and associates
(697)
Recurrent net income 71,502
Net valuation gains/(losses) on investment
properties – other countries²
37,304
Net valuation gains/(losses) on investment
properties – Joint venture and associates
39,938
Net fair value gain/(loss) on interest rate
swaps and other derivatives
(1,485)
Net fair value gain/(loss) on interest rate
swaps and other derivatives – Joint venture
and associates
(2,706)
Deferred taxes – Own (14,952)
Deferred taxes – Joint venture and associates (8,495)
Reported profit for the period 121,106

1 The adjustments to the share of profit from the joint venture (at share) are composed of € 39.9 million of net valuation gains/(losses) on investment properties, € 2.7 million of net fair value gain/(loss) on interest rate derivatives and € 8.5 million of deferred taxes in respect of these adjustments.

in thousands of € FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017
INVESTMENT DEVELOPMENT PROPERTY AND ASSET
MANAGEMENT
TOTAL
Gross rental income 17,046 17,046
Property operating expenses (194) (1,748) (1,942)
Net rental income 16,852 (1,748) 15,104
Joint venture management fee income 8,057 8,057
Net valuation gains/(losses) on investment
properties destined to the Joint Venture
75,053 75,053
Administration expenses (647) (16,258) (2,232) (19,137)
Share of joint ventures'
Adjusted operating profit after tax¹
16,663 16,663
EBITDA 32,867 57,047 5,825 95,740
Depreciation and amortisation (23) (124) (69) (216)
Earnings before interest and tax 32,844 56,923 5,756 95,524
Net financial costs – Own (13,912)
Net financial costs –
Joint venture and associates
(6,169)
Profit before tax 75,442
Current income taxes – Own (762)
Current income taxes –
Joint venture and associates
(218)
Recurrent net income 74,463
Net valuation gains/(losses) on investment
properties – other countries²
19,575
Net valuation gains/(losses) on investment
properties – Joint venture and associates
24,427
Net fair value gain/(loss) on interest rate
swaps and other derivatives
3,447
Net fair value gain/(loss) on interest
rate swaps and other derivatives –
Joint venture and associates
669
Deferred taxes – Own (20,443)
Deferred taxes – Joint venture and associates (6,142)
Reported profit for the period 95,995

1 The adjustments to the share of profit from the joint venture (at share) are composed of € 24.4 million of net valuation gains/(losses) on investment properties, € 0.7 million of net fair value gain/(loss) on interest rate derivatives and € 6.1 million of deferred taxes in respect of these adjustments.

² Relates to developments in countries outside of the JV perimeter i.e. all countries except for Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary.

4.2 Geographical markets

This basic segmentation refl ects the geographical markets in Europe in which VGP operates. VGP's operations are split into the individual countries where it is active. This segmentation is important for VGP as the nature of the activities and the customers have similar economic characteristics within those segments.

31 DECEMBER
2018
in thousands
of €
GROSS
RENTAL
INCOME1
NET
RENTAL
INCOME1
SHARE OF JOINT
VENTURE'S
OPERATING
EBITDA
OPERATING
EBITDA
(INCL. JV
AT SHARE)
INVESTMENT
PROPERTIES
OWN
INVESTMENT
PROPERTIES
JV AT SHARE
CAPITAL
EXPENDITURE2
Western Europe
Germany 22,743 19,110 17,543 53,660 298,712 441,420 172,258
Spain 6,536 5,273 4,044 143,502 44,965
Austria 95 106 30 19,840 19,756
Netherlands (206) 34,147 33,884
Italy (319) 3,842 3,842
29,374 24,489 17,543 57,209 500,044 441,420 274,705
Central and Eastern Europe
Czech
Republic
9,779 10,117 6,175 34,705 116,203 132,102 40,018
Slovakia 1,859 1,715 1,692 2,184 12,505 22,605 339
Hungary 2,271 2,206 1,872 998 5,522 28,154 2,930
Romania 3,687 3,367 3,221 63,291 15,614
17,596 17,405 9,739 41,108 197,521 182,860 58,901
BALTICS
Latvia 460 258 100 33,120 19,078
Other3 1,265 (425) (2,791)
Total 47,430 43,417 26,857 95,626 730,685 624,281 352,684

1 Includes joint venture at share.

2 Capital expenditures includes additions and acquisition of investment properties and development land but does not include tenant incentives, letting fees, and capitalised interest. Capital expenditure directly incurred for the own portfolio amounts to € 274.6 million and amounts to € 78.1 million on development properties of the Joint Venture.

3 Other includes the Group central costs and costs relating to the operational business which are not specifically geographically allocated.

31 DECEMBER
2017
in thousands
of €
GROSS
RENTAL
INCOME
1
NET
RENTAL
INCOME
1
SHARE OF JOINT
VENTURE'S
OPERATING
EBITDA
OPERATING
EBITDA
(INCL. JV
AT SHARE)
INVESTMENT
PROPERTIES
OWN
INVESTMENT
PROPERTIES
JV AT SHARE
CAPITAL
2
EXPENDITURE
Western Europe
Germany 13,835 10,589 10,594 51,237 375,367 263,215 175,475
Spain 7,500 5,046 3,933 209,976 5,546
21,335 15,635 10,594 55,170 585,343 263,215 181,021
Central and Eastern Europe
Czech
Republic
6,405 6,605 3,500 37,254 156,688 75,416 58,703
Slovakia 1,631 1,499 1,459 1,928 11,262 21,722 902
Hungary 1,735 1,731 1,510 2,752 9,101 22,725 5,620
Romania 3,058 2,716 2,685 45,660 5,365
12,829 12,551 6,469 44,619 222,711 119,863 70,590
BALTICS
Estonia 2,210 2,167 2,154 3,894
Latvia (79) (220) 14,535 5,463
2,210 2,088 1,934 14,535 9,357
Other
3
2,364 (400) (5,983)
Total 36,374 32,638 16,663 95,740 822,589 383,078 260,968

1 Includes joint venture at share.

2 Capital expenditures includes additions and acquisition of investment properties and development land but does not include tenant incentives, letting fees, and capitalised interest. Capital expenditure directly incurred for the own portfolio amounts to € 171.1 million and amounts to € 89.8 million on development properties of the Joint Venture.

3 Other includes the Group central costs and costs relating to the operational business which are not specifically geographically allocated.

5. Revenue

in thousands of € 2018 2017
Rental income from investment properties 14,164 16,759
Straight lining of lease incentives 2,463 287
Total gross rental income 16,627 17,046
Property and facility management income 6,681 4,400
Development management income 3,284 3,657
Joint Venture management fee income 9,965 8,057
Service charge income 3,744 3,121
Total revenue 30,336 28,224

The Group leases out its investment property under operating leases. The operating leases are generally for terms of more than 5 years. The gross rental income refl ects the full impact of the income generating assets delivered during 2018. In addition, the 2018 rental income includes € 3.2 million of rent for the period 1 January 2018 to 30 April 2018 related to the property portfolio sold to VGP European Logistics during the fourth closing at the end of April 2018. (compared to € 1.7 million of rent for the period 1 January 2017 to 31 May 2017 related to the property portfolio sold during the third closing at the end of May 2017). On 26 September 2018 the sale of Mango building located in Barcelona (Spain) was completed. The rental income of the Mango building for the period up to 26 September 2018 was € 5.6 million.

At the end of December 2018, the Group (including the Joint Venture) had annualised committed leases of € 104.1 million1 compared to € 82.8 million2 as at 31 December 2017.

The breakdown of future lease income on an annualised basis for the own portfolio was as follows:

in thousands of € 2018 2017
Less than one year 33,092 29,983
Between one and five years 118,267 109,260
More than five years 100,175 274,630
Total 251,534 413,873

6. Property operating expenses

in thousands of € 2018 2017
Repairs and maintenance (334) (306)
Letting, marketing, legal and professional fees (201) (286)
Real estate agents (1,067) (417)
Service charge income 3,744 3,121
Service charge expenses (2,915) (2,423)
Other income 989 632
Other expenses (1,339) (2,263)
Total (1,123) (1,942)

1 € 70.9 million related to the JV Property Portfolio and € 33.2 million related to the Own Property Portfolio.

2 € 52.5 million related to the JV Property Portfolio and € 30.3 million related to the Own Property Portfolio.

7. Net valuation gains/(losses) on investment properties

in thousands of € 2018 2017
Unrealised valuation gains/(losses) on investment properties 25,964 65,343
Unrealised valuation gains/(losses) on disposal group held for sale 38,192 24,929
Realised valuation gains/(losses) on disposal of subsidiaries and investment properties 34,396 4,356
Total 98,552 94,628

The own property portfolio, excluding development land but including the assets being developed on behalf of the Joint Venture, is valued by the valuation expert at 31 December 2018 based on a weighted average yield of 6.29% (compared to 6.00% as at 31 December 2017) applied to the contractual rents increased by the estimated rental value on unlet space. A 0.10% variation of this market rate would give rise to a variation of the total portfolio value of € 9.0 million.

8. Administration expenses

in thousands of € 2018 2017
Wages and salaries (7,004) (5,719)
Audit, legal and other advisors (6,999) (10,100)
Other expenses (3,945) (3,335)
Depreciation (219) (199)
Total (18,167) (19,353)

9. Investments in joint venture

9.1 Profi t from joint venture

The table below presents a summary Income Statement of the Group's Joint Venture with Allianz Real Estate (VGP European Logistics) and the associates, all of which are accounted for using the equity method. VGP European Logistics is incorporated in Luxembourg and owns logistics property assets in Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. VGP NV holds 50% directly in VGP European Logistics S.à r.l. and holds another 5.1% in the subsidiaries of the Joint Venture holding assets in Germany.

INCOME
STATEMENT
(in thousands of €)
VGP
EUROPEAN
LOGISTICS
JV AT 100%
VGP EUROPEAN
LOGISTICS GERMAN
ASSET COMPANIES
AT 100 %
VGP EUROPEAN
LOGISTICS GERMAN
ASSET COMPANIES
AT 5.1%
VGP
EUROPEAN
LOGISTICS
JV AT 50%
2018
Gross rental income 57,746 37,847 1,930 28,873 30,803
Property Operating expenses
— underlying property
operating expenses
(905) (704) (36) (452) (488)
— property management fees (4,495) (3,029) (154) (2,247) (2,402)
Net rental income 52,346 34,114 1,740 26,173 27,913
Net valuation gains/(losses) on
investment properties
74,475 52,960 2,701 37,238 39,938
Administration expenses (2,038) (730) (37) (1,019) (1,056)
Operating profit/(loss) 124,784 86,344 4,404 62,392 66,795
Net financial result (23,537) (12,031) (614) (11,769) (12,382)
Taxes (17,233) (11,319) (577) (8,616) (9,194)
PROFIT FOR THE PERIOD 84,014 62,994 3,213 42,007 45,220
INCOME
STATEMENT
(in thousands of €)
VGP
EUROPEAN
LOGISTICS
JV AT 100%
VGP EUROPEAN
LOGISTICS GERMAN
ASSET COMPANIES
AT 100 %
VGP EUROPEAN
LOGISTICS GERMAN
ASSET COMPANIES
AT 5.1%
VGP
EUROPEAN
LOGISTICS
JV AT 50%
2017
Gross rental income 36,328 22,831 1,164 18,164 19,328
Property Operating expenses
— underlying property
operating expenses
(534) (170) (9) (267) (276)
— property management fees (2,853) (1,811) (92) (1,426) (1,519)
Net rental income 32,941 20,850 1,063 16,470 17,534
Net valuation gains/(losses) on
investment properties
45,049 37,299 1,902 22,524 24,427
Administration expenses (1,672) (690) (35) (836) (871)
Operating profit/(loss) 76,318 57,459 2,930 38,159 41,089
Net financial result (10,218) (7,675) (391) (5,109) (5,500)
Taxes (11,942) (7,635) (389) (5,971) (6,360)
PROFIT FOR THE PERIOD 54,158 42,149 2,150 27,079 29,229

9.2 Summarised balance sheet information in respect of joint venture

BALANCE SHEET
(in thousands of €)
VGP
EUROPEAN
LOGISTICS
JV AT 100%
VGP EUROPEAN
LOGISTICS GERMAN
ASSET COMPANIES
AT 100 %
VGP EUROPEAN
LOGISTICS GERMAN
ASSET COMPANIES
AT 5.1%
VGP
EUROPEAN
LOGISTICS
JV AT 50%
2018
Investment properties 1,162,881 840,001 42,840 581,441 624,281
Other assets 815 408 408
Total non-current assets 1,163,696 840,001 42,840 581,849 624,689
Trade and other receivables 12,315 6,096 311 6,158 6,469
Cash and cash equivalents 42,255 26,917 1,373 21,128 22,501
Total current assets 54,570 33,013 1,684 27,286 28,970
Total assets 1,218,266 873,014 44,524 609,135 653,659
Non-current financial debt 633,720 467,603 23,848 316,860 340,708
Other non-current financial
liabilities
5,147 2,574 2,574
Other non-current liabilities 6,345 3,044 155 3,173 3,328
Deferred tax liabilities 75,097 47,083 2,401 37,549 39,950
Total non-current liabilities 720,309 517,730 26,404 360,156 386,560
Current financial debt 16,346 10,071 514 8,173 8,687
Trade debts and other current
liabilities
31,636 22,892 1,167 15,818 16,985
Total current liabilities 47,982 32,963 1,681 23,991 25,672
Total liabilities 768,291 550,693 28,085 384,147 412,232
Net assets 449,975 322,321 16,439 224,988 241,427
BALANCE SHEET
(in thousands of €)
VGP
EUROPEAN
LOGISTICS
JV AT 100%
VGP EUROPEAN
LOGISTICS GERMAN
ASSET COMPANIES
AT 100 %
VGP EUROPEAN
LOGISTICS GERMAN
ASSET COMPANIES
AT 5.1%
VGP
EUROPEAN
LOGISTICS
JV AT 50%
2017
Investment properties 715,067 500,887 25,544 357,534 383,078
Other assets 269 135 135
Total non-current assets 715,336 500,887 25,544 357,669 383,213
Trade and other receivables 11,843 10,596 540 5,922 6,462
Cash and cash equivalents 22,151 15,338 782 11,076 11,858
Total current assets 33,994 25,934 1,322 16,998 18,320
Total assets 749,330 526,821 26,866 374,667 401,533
Non-current financial debt 389,692 276,954 14,125 194,846 208,971
Other non-current financial
liabilities
Other non-current liabilities 3,544 1,981 101 1,773 1,874
Deferred tax liabilities 53,752 36,536 1,863 26,876 28,739
Total non-current liabilities 446,988 315,471 16,089 223,495 239,584
Current financial debt 10,651 7,887 402 5,326 5,728
Trade debts and other current
liabilities
23,852 19,265 983 11,926 12,909
Total current liabilities 34,503 27,152 1,385 17,252 18,637
Total liabilities 481,491 342,623 17,474 240,747 258,221
Net assets 267,839 184,198 9,392 133,920 143,312

VGP European Logistics recorded its fourth closing at the end of April 2018, with the acquisition of 6 new parks from VGP, comprising of 13 logistic buildings and another 5 newly completed logistic buildings which were developed in parks previously transferred to the Joint Venture. The 6 parks are located in Germany (3) and in the Czech Republic (3). The additional 5 buildings which were acquired by the Joint Venture are located in Germany (3 buildings), in the Czech Republic (1 building) and in Hungary (1 building).

The Joint Venture's property portfolio, excluding development land and buildings being constructed by VGP on behalf of the Joint Venture, is valued by the valuation expert at 31 December 2018 based on a weighted average yield of 5.31% (compared to 5.68% as at 31 December 2017) applied to the contractual rents increased by the estimated rental value on unlet space. A 0.10% variation of this market rate would give rise to a variation of the Joint Venture portfolio value (at 100%) of € 22.5 million.

The (re)valuation of the Joint Venture portfolio was based on the appraisal report of the property expert Jones Lang LaSalle.

VGP provides certain services, including asset-, property- and development advisory and management, for the VGP European joint venture and receives fees from the Joint Venture for doing so. Those services are carried out on an arms-length basis and do not give VGP any control over the relevant Joint Venture (nor any unilateral material decision-making rights). Signifi cant transactions and decisions within the Joint Venture require full Board and/or Shareholder approval, in accordance with the terms of the Joint Venture agreement.

9.3 Other non-current receivables

in thousands of € 2018 2017
Shareholder loans to VGP European Logistics S.à r.l. 37,739 11,539
Shareholder loans to associates (subsidiaries of VGP European Logistics S.à r.l.) 3,722 1,218
Construction and development loans to subsidiaries of VGP European Logistics S.à r.l. 101,887 137,150
Construction and development loans reclassified as assets held for sale (101,887) (137,150)
Total 41,461 12,757

For further information, please refer to additional comments of note 20.

9.4 Investments in joint ventures and associates

in thousands of € 2018 2017
As at 1 January 143,312 89,194
Additions 52,895 25,787
Result of the year 45,220 29,229
Repayment of equity (1,000)
Adjustments from sale of participations 102
As at the end of the period 241,427 143,312

10. Net financial result

in thousands of € 2018 2017
Bank and other interest income 34 45
Interest income – loans to joint venture and associates 5,702 5,300
Fair value gain on interest rate derivatives 39 3,547
Net foreign exchange gains 324 564
Other financial income 2 274
Financial income 6,101 9,730
Bond interest expense (19,332) (18,769)
Bank interest expense – variable debt (806) (540)
Bank interest expense – interest rate swaps – hedging (74)
Interest capitalised into investment properties 3,230 2,966
Fair value loss on interest rate derivatives (1,524) (2,210)
Other financial expenses (1,639) (1,569)
Financial expenses (20,071) (20,196)
Net financial costs (13,970) (10,466)

11. Taxation

11.1 Income tax expense recognised in the consolidated income statement

in thousands of € 2018 2017
Current tax (1,046) (762)
Deferred tax (14,952) (20,443)
Total (15,998) (21,205)

11.2 Reconciliation of eff ective tax rate

in thousands of € 2018 2017
Profit before taxes 137,104 117,200
Adjustment for share in result of joint venture and associates (45,220) (29,229)
Result before taxes and share in result of joint venture and associates 91,884 87,971
Income tax using the German corporate tax rate 15.8% (14,541) 15.8% (13,921)
Difference in tax rate non-German companies (8,563) (5,645)
Non-tax-deductible expenditure (1,479) (2,112)
Losses/Notional interest deduction 8,949 257
Other (364) 216
Total 17.4% (15,998) 24.1% (21,205)

The non-tax deductible expenses in 2018 are mainly related to no-interest deductibility in Spain. The expiry of the tax loss carry forward of the Group can be summarised as follows:

2018 (in thousands of €) < 1 YEAR 2-5 YEARS >5 YEARS
Tax loss carry forward 1 1,052 46,232
2017 (in thousands of €) < 1 YEAR 2-5 YEARS >5 YEARS
Tax loss carry forward 243 2,965 40,360

11.3 Deferred tax assets and liabilities

The deferred tax assets and liabilities are attributable to the following:

in thousands of € ASSETS LIABILITIES NET
2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017
Fixed assets (29,243) (33,367) (29,243) (33,367)
Currency hedge accounting/Derivatives (1,822) (1,718) (1,822) (1,718)
Tax losses carried-forward 200 610 200 610
Capitalised interest (600) (535) (600) (535)
Capitalised cost (7) (13) (7) (13)
Other 81 82 81 82
Tax assets/liabilities 281 692 (31,671) (35,632) (31,390) (34,941)
Set-off of assets and liabilities 504 (660) (504) 660
Reclassification to liabilities related to disposal
group held for sale
15,484 23,223 15,484 23,223
Net tax assets/liabilities 785 32 (16,691) (11,750) (15,906) (11,718)

A total deferred tax asset of € 4,533k (€4,317k in 2017) was not recognised.

12. Earnings per share

12.1 Earnings per ordinary share (EPS)

in number 2018 2017
Weighted average number of ordinary shares (basic) 18,583,050 18,583,050
Dilution
Weighted average number of ordinary shares (diluted) 18,583,050 18,583,050
Correction for reciprocal interest through associates (732,478) (401,648)
Weighted average number of ordinary shares (diluted
and after correction for reciprocal interest through associates)
17,850,572 18,181,402
in thousands of € 2018 2017
Result for the period attributable to the Group and to ordinary shareholders 121,106 95,995
Earnings per share (in €) – basic 5.17
Earnings per share (in €) – diluted 6.52 5.17
Earnings per share (in €) – after dilution and correction
for reciprocal interest through associates
6.78 5.28

Correction for reciprocal interest relates to the elimination of the proportional equity component of the respective VGP NV shares held by VGP Misv Comm. VA. VGP NV holds 78.83% in VGP Misv Comm. VA. (see note 24).

12.2 Net asset value per share (NAV)

EPRA NAV (in thousands of €) 2018 2017
IFRS NAV 543,467 466,230
Effect of exercise of options, convertibles and other equity interests
Diluted NAV 543,467 466,230
To exclude:
Fair value of financial instruments 60 1,644
Deferred tax 31,390 34,942
EPRA NAV 574,917 502,816
Number of shares 18,583,050 18,583,050
EPRA NAV per share (€/share) 30.94 27.06
EPRA NNNAV (in thousands of €) 2018 2017
EPRA NAV 574,917 502,816
To include:
Fair value of financial instruments (60) (1,644)
Deferred tax (31,390) (34,942)
Fair value adjustment in respect of issued debt 2,510 (14,084)
EPRA triple net NAV (NNNAV) 545,977 452,146
Number of shares 18,583,050 18,583,050
EPRA NNNAV per share (€/share) 29.38 24.33

13. Investment properties

in thousands of € 2018
COMPLETED UNDER
CONSTRUCTION
DEVELOPMENT
LAND
TOTAL
As at 1 January 152,611 95,005 144,675 392,291
Capex 68,974 86,090 4,454 159,518
Acquisitions 8,971 106,120 115,091
Capitalised interest 2,631 359 240 3,230
Capitalised rent free and agent's fee 2,817 1,176 3,993
Sales and disposal (134,066) (5,160) (139,226)
Transfer on start-up of development 40,945 (40,945)
Transfer on completion of development 99,749 (99,749)
Net gain from value adjustments in investment
properties
958 36,649 3,639 41,246
Reclassification to (–)/from held for sale (72,220) (35,160) (250) (107,630)
As at 31 December 121,454 134,286 212,773 468,513
in thousands of € 2017
COMPLETED UNDER
CONSTRUCTION
DEVELOPMENT
LAND
TOTAL
As at 1 January 265,813 125,989 158,460 550,262
Capex 82,320 63,619 145,939
Acquisitions 25,211 25,211
Capitalised interest 1,732 1,226 8 2,966
Capitalised rent free and agent's fee 2,025 231 2,256
Sales and disposal (148,810) (12,186) (3,244) (164,240)
Transfer on start-up of development 34,437 (34,437)
Transfer on completion of development 120,984 (120,984)
Net gain from value adjustments in investment
properties
8,861 53,105 3,377 65,343
Reclassification to (–)/from held for sale (180,314) (50,432) (4,700) (235,446)
As at 31 December 152,611 95,005 144,675 392,291

As at 31 December 2018 investment properties totalling € 38.0 million (€ 37.6 million as at 31 December 2017) were pledged in favour the Group's banks. (see note 17).

13.1 Fair value hierarchy of the Group's investment properties

All of the Group's properties are level 3, as defi ned by IFRS 13, in the fair value hierarchy as at 31 December 2018 and there were no transfers between levels during the year. Level 3 inputs used in valuing the properties are those which are unobservable, as opposed to level 1 (inputs from quoted prices) and level 2 (observable inputs either directly, i.e. as prices, or indirectly, i.e. derived from prices).

13.2 Property valuation techniques and related quantitative information

(i) Valuation process

The Group's investment property is initially carried at cost plus transaction cost. It is subsequently measured at fair value and is valued at least once per year. In view of the rapid growth of the portfolio the Group has in recent years opted to perform the valuations twice per year i.e. as at 30 June and 31 December. Valuations are performed by independent external property appraisers. The Group ordinarily uses Jones Lang LaSalle as the Group's valuator. From time to time, at the discretion of the Company, a small part of the portfolio may be valued by another external independent valuator. For the 31 December 2018 valuations, all valuations were carried out by Jones Lang LaSalle. As a result, the value of the Group's assets depends on developments in the local real estate market in each of the Group's countries of operations, and is subject to change. Gains and losses from changes in fair value are recognized in the Group's income statement as valuation results and are also a component of the Group's indirect result.

The Group's valuation contracts are typically entered into for a term of one year and the fees of the property experts are fi xed for the term of their appointment and are not related to the value of the properties for which a valuation is made. The valuations are prepared in accordance with the RICS Valuation - Professional Standards (incorporating the International Valuation Standards) Global edition July 2017 (same approach as for the previous period end valuations). The basis of valuation is the market value of the property, as at the date of valuation, defi ned by the RICS as: "The estimated amount for which an asset or liability should exchange on the valuation date between a willing buyer and a willing seller in an arm's length transaction after proper marketing and where the parties had each acted knowledgeably, prudently and without compulsion."

(ii) Valuation methodology

Discounted cash flow approach

In view of the nature of the portfolio and the bases of valuation Jones Lang LaSalle has adopted the income approach, discounted cash fl ow technique, analysed over a 10-year period for each property. The cash fl ow assumes a ten-year hold period with the exit value calculated on ERV. To calculate the exit value Jones Lang Lasalle has used the exit yield which represents their assumption of the possible yield in the 10th year.

The cash fl ow is based upon the rents payable under existing lease agreements until the agreed lease end. In case of early break option, the valuator has assumed that the break will be exercised only if the penalty is less than the valuator's assumed expiry void period.

After the lease termination the valuator has assumed a certain expiry void period and a 5 year new lease contract. For currently vacant premises the valuator has assumed a certain initial void period and 5 year lease contract. For the properties that are under construction, the valuator has adopted an initial void starting as of the valuation date. The assumed rental income was calculated on the basis of estimated rental value (ERV).

The assumed voids are used to cover the time and the relocated cost of marketing, re-letting and possible reconstruction. The voids were adopted to each of the buildings within the portfolio.

In order to calculate the net rental income the valuators have deducted capital expenditures (contribution to the sinking fund) from the gross rental income.

Equivalent yield approach

For the properties in Spain, the valuator has adopted the equivalent yield approach.

The equivalent yield approach calculates the gross market value by applying a capitalisation rate (equivalent yield) to the net rental income as of the valuation date and capitalising the income into perpetuity.

The abovementioned assumptions are more thoroughly specifi ed below section of the valuation assumptions

Valuation assumptions

The following main assumptions, together with the quantitative information included in section "(iii) Quantitative information about fair value measurements using unobservable inputs"; were made by the valuator.

— Jones Lang LaSalle's analyses adopts a 10 years cash flow approach to reflect the initial income and any agreed rent indexation reverting to the estimated rental value after expiry of the current leases. For the purpose of the valuation the valuator has assumed that the current tenants will stay in the premises until the agreed lease end. In case of early break option, the valuator has assumed that the break will be exercised only if the penalty is less than valuator's assumed expiry void period.

  • For the properties in Spain, the value was calculated using the equivalent yield approach, which assumes the building is completed as of the valuation date and subject to a 10-year lease.
  • The valuator has assumed that after termination (fi rst possible break) of the current lease contracts new 5-year leases will be signed and the valuator's ERV will be applied and the rent will be indexed each lease anniversary in line with EU CPI, if not mentioned otherwise in the lease agreements.
  • The range of used estimated rental values has been detailed in below section "(iii) Quantitative information about fair value measurements using unobservable inputs".
  • After the termination of existing leases (fi rst break option) the valuator has adopted an expiry void of 3-12 months. The assumed voids are used to cover the time and the cost of marketing, re-letting and possible reconstruction. The voids were adopted to each of the building within the portfolio.
  • For currently vacant industrial and offi ce premises the valuator has adopted an initial void of 9 – 12 months.
  • For properties that are vacant and under construction, the valuator has adopted an initial void starting at the valuation date.
  • From the gross income the valuator has deducted a contribution to a sinking fund at 0.50% – 3.02%.
  • The rents were indexed in line with the indexation that was agreed in the lease agreements. The EU CPI indexation was assumed at the level of 1.9%, and the CSU CPI indexation was assumed at the level of 2.0%.
  • The rents after reversion have been indexed on an annual basis each lease anniversary in line with the EU CPI indexation, which is assumed to be at 1.9%.
  • The exit value was calculated on ERV.
  • The cash fl ow that was used for the calculation was discounted either quarterly or monthly depending on the frequency of the rent payments.
  • Based on the location, projected achievable rental income stream and position in the market the valuator has applied an exit yields and discount rates (see below section "(iii) Quantitative information about fair value measurements using unobservable inputs"; for further details).

Property that is being constructed or developed for future use as investment property is also stated at fair market value, and investment properties under construction are also valued by an independent valuation expert. For the properties under construction the valuation expert has used the same approach as applicable for the completed properties but deducting the remaining construction costs from the calculated market value, whereby "remaining construction costs" means overall pending development cost, which include all hard costs, soft costs, fi nancing costs and developer profi t. Developer profi t takes into account the level of risk connected with individual property and is mainly dependent on development stage and pre-letting status.

The equivalent yield approach ("EYA") was utilized for the building under construction in Spain. EYA calculates the gross market value by applying a capitalisation rate (equivalent yield) to the net rental income as of the valuation date, and capitalising the income into perpetuity. When calculating the value of the property it is assumed that the building is completed as of the valuation date and subject to a 10-year lease, with the remaining construction costs deducted from the market value.

Land held for development is valued using the valuation sales comparison approach. The sales comparison approach produces a value indication by comparing the subject property to similar properties and applying adjustments to refl ect advantages and disadvantages to the subject property. This is most appropriate when a number of similar properties have recently been sold or are currently for sale in the market.

Valuation review

The valuations made are reviewed internally by the CEO, CFO and Financial Controller and discussed with the independent valuator as appropriate. The CFO and CEO report on the outcome of the valuation processes and results to the audit committee and take any comments or decision in consideration when performing the subsequent valuations.

At each semi-annual period end, the fi nancial controller together with the CFO: (i) verify all major inputs to the independent valuation report; (ii) assess property valuation movements when compared to the prior semi-annual and annual period; (iii) holds discussions with the independent valuer.

(iii) Quantitative information about fair value measurements using unobservable inputs

The quantitative information in the following tables is taken from the diff erent reports produced by the independent real estate experts. The fi gures provide the range of values and the weighted average of the assumptions used in the determination of the fair value of investment properties.

REGION SEGMENT FAIR VALUE
31 DEC-18
(€ '000)
VALUATION
TECHNIQUE
LEVEL 3 –
UNOBSERVABLE INPUTS
RANGE
Czech
Republic
IP 24,300 Discounted cash flow ERV per m² (in €) 46-56
Discount rate 6.15%
Exit yield 6.00%
Weighted average yield 6.14%
Cost to completion (in '000 €) 200
Properties valued (aggregate m²) 85,392
WAULT (until maturity) (in years) 8.1
WAULT (until first break) (in years) 5.4
IPUC 17,240 Discounted cash flow ERV per m² (in €) 48-63
Discount rate 7.25%
Exit yield 6.00%
Weighted average yield 6.59%
Cost to completion (in '000 €) 5,570
Properties valued (aggregate m²) 35,143
DL 25,419 Sales comparison Price per m² (in €)
Germany IP 65,960 Discounted cash flow ERV per m² (in €) 44-63
Discount rate 5.90%-6.40%
Exit yield 4.75%-5.20%
Weighted average yield 5.05%
Cost to completion (in '000 €) 2,028
Properties valued (aggregate m²) 149,639
WAULT (until maturity) (in years) 7.7
WAULT (until first break) (in years) 7.7
IPUC 61,490 Discounted cash flow ERV per m² (in €) 45-60
Discount rate 5.90%-7.90%
Exit yield 4.80%-5.25%
Weighted average yield 5.41%
Cost to completion (in '000 €) 30,172
Properties valued (aggregate m²) 126,940
DL 80,158 Sales comparison Price per m² (in €)
Spain IP 22,190 Equivalent yield ERV per m² (in €) 57
Equivalent yield 5.50%
Reversionary yield (nominal) 5.52%
REGION SEGMENT FAIR VALUE
31 DEC-18
(€ '000)
VALUATION
TECHNIQUE
LEVEL 3 –
UNOBSERVABLE INPUTS
RANGE
Spain Weighted average yield 6.24%
Cost to completion (in '000 €) 405
Properties valued (aggregate m²) 22,819
WAULT (until maturity) (in years) 6.1
WAULT (until first break) (in years) 6.1
IPUC 63,080 Equivalent yield ERV per m² (in €) 57-90
Equivalent yield 5.50%-6.00%
Reversionary yield (nominal) 5.70%-6.27%
Weighted average yield 6.42%
Cost to completion (in '000 €) 14,832
Properties valued (aggregate m²) 78,091
DL 58,232 Sales comparison Price per m² (in €)
Romania IP 48,300 Discounted cash flow ERV per m² (in €) 45-49
Discount rate 9.00%
Exit yield 8.50%
Weighted average yield 8.85%
Cost to completion (in '000) 292
Properties valued (aggregate m²) 92,333
WAULT (until maturity) (in years) 3.8
WAULT (until first break) (in years) 1.8
IPUC 7,600 Discounted cash flow ERV per m² (in €) 45
Discount rate 9.25%-9.75%
Exit yield 8.75%-9.25%
Weighted average yield 9.99%
Cost to completion (in '000) 8,790
Properties valued (aggregate m²) 36,857
DL 7,391 Sales comparison Price per m² (in €)
Austria IP 19,840 Discounted cash flow ERV per m² (in €) 68
Discount rate 6.70%
Exit yield 5.50%
Weighted average yield 5.76%
Cost to completion (in '000)
Properties valued (aggregate m²) 16,535
WAULT (until maturity) (in years) 14.0
WAULT (until first break) (in years) 14.0
Latvia IP 20,870 Discounted cash flow ERV per m² (in €) 49
Discount rate 8.40%
Exit yield 8.15%
Weighted average yield 9.36%
Cost to completion (in '000) 630
Properties valued (aggregate m²) 35,557
WAULT (until maturity) (in years) 6.7
WAULT (until first break) (in years) 4.3
IPUC 12,250 Discounted cash flow ERV per m² (in €) 50
Discount rate 8.30%
Exit yield 8.15%
Weighted average yield 8.77%
Cost to completion (in '000) 3,050
Properties valued (aggregate m²) 26,988
REGION SEGMENT FAIR VALUE
31 DEC-18
(€ '000)
VALUATION
TECHNIQUE
LEVEL 3 –
UNOBSERVABLE INPUTS
RANGE
Netherlands DL 34,147 Sales comparison Price per m² (in €)
Italy DL 3,842 Sales comparison Price per m² (in €)
Slovakia DL 1,042 Sales comparison Price per m² (in €)
Hungary DL 2,810 Sales comparison Price per m² (in €)
Total 576,143
REGION SEGMENT FAIR VALUE
31 DEC-17
(€ '000)
VALUATION
TECHNIQUE
LEVEL 3 –
UNOBSERVABLE INPUTS
RANGE
Czech
Republic
IP 30,080 Discounted cash flow Annual rent per m² (in €) 35-96
Discount rate 5.90%-6.5%
Exit yield 5.90%-6.25%
Weighted average yield 6.30%
Cost to completion (in '000 €) 135
IPUC 25,620 Discounted cash flow Annual rent per m² (In €) 39-96
Discount rate 5.90%-7.25%
Exit yield 5.90%-6.25%
Weighted average yield 6.40%
Cost to completion (in '000 €) 8,771
DL 34,316 Sales comparison Price per m² (in €) —-
Germany IP 30,360 Discounted cash flow Annual rent per m² (in €) 45-63
Discount rate 5.55%-5.75%
Exit yield 4.75%-5.75%
Weighted average yield 5.04%
Cost to completion (in '000 €) 527
IPUC 93,169 Discounted cash flow Annual rent per m² (in €) 41-52
Discount rate 5.75%-8.00%
Exit yield 5.00%-5.50%
Weighted average yield 5.98%
Cost to completion (in '000 €) 23,723
DL 50,475 Sales comparison Price per m² (in €) —-
Spain IP 126,280 Net present value Annual rent per m² (in €) 42
IRR 5.50%
Weighted average yield 5.98%
Cost to completion (in '000 €) —-
IPUC 18,445 Equivalent yield Annual rent per m² (in €) 60
Equivalent yield 5.50%
Weighted average yield 6.21%
Cost to completion (in '000 €) 3,673
DL 65,251 Sales comparison Price per m² (in €) —-
Other
(Romania)
IP 37,600 Discounted cash flow Annual rent per m² (in €) 41-50
Discount rate 9.50%
Exit yield 9.00%
Weighted average yield 8.75%
Cost to completion (in '000) 80
REGION SEGMENT FAIR VALUE
31 DEC-17
(€ '000)
VALUATION
TECHNIQUE
LEVEL 3 –
UNOBSERVABLE INPUTS
RANGE
Other
(Romania,
Latvia)
IPUC 18,200 Discounted cash flow Annual rent per m² (in €) 46-60
Discount rate 8.5%-9.75%
Exit yield 8.25%-9.25%
Weighted average yield 9.93%
Cost to completion (in '000) 6,000
Other
(Romania,
Slovakia,
Latvia)
DL 5,340 Sales comparison Price per m² (in €)
Total 627,737

IP = completed investment property IPUC = investment property under construction

DL = development land

(iv) Sensitivity of valuations

The sensitivity of the fair value based on changes to the signifi cant non-observable inputs used to determine the fair value of the properties classifi ed in level 3 in accordance with the IFRS fair value hierarchy is as follows (all variables remaining constant):

NON OBSERVABLE INPUT IMPACT ON FAIR VALUE IN CASE OF
FALL RISE
ERV (in €/m²) Negative Positive
Discount rate Positive Negative
Exit yield Positive Negative
Remaining lease term (until first break) Negative Positive
Remaining lease term (until final expiry) Negative Positive
Occupancy rate Negative Positive
Inflation Negative Positive

A decrease in the estimated annual rent will decrease the fair value.

An increase in the discount rates and the capitalisation rates used for the terminal value i.e. the exit yield of the discounted cash fl ow method will decrease the fair value.

There are interrelationships between these rates as they are partially determined by market rate conditions.

For investment properties under construction, the cost to completion and the time to complete will reduce the fair values whereas the consumption of such cost over the period to completion will increase the fair value.

In addition, the sensitivity of the fair value of the portfolio can be estimated as follows: the eff ect of a rise (fall) of 1% in rental income results in a rise (fall) in the fair value of the portfolio of approximately € 5.7 million (all variables remaining constant).

The eff ect of a rise (fall) in the weighted average yield (see note 7) of 25 basis points results in a fall (rise) in the fair value of the portfolio of approximately € 21.9 million (all variables remaining constant).

14. Trade and other receivables

in thousands of € 2018 2017
Trade receivables 7,279 5,474
Tax receivables - VAT 20,126 6,224
Accrued income and deferred charges 208 227
Other receivables 2,088 4,234
Reclassification to (–)/from held for sale (6,637) (5,085)
Total 23,064 11,074

15. Cash and cash equivalents

The Group's cash and cash equivalents comprise primarily cash deposits held at German, Spanish, Czech and Belgian banks.

16. Share capital

SHARE CAPITAL
MOVEMENT
in thousands of €
TOTAL OUTSTANDING
SHARE CAPITAL AFTER
THE TRANSACTION
in thousands of €
NUMBER
OF SHARES
ISSUED
in units
TOTAL
NUMBER
OF SHARES
in units
01. 01. 2006 Cumulative share capital
of all Czech companies
10,969 10,969
06. 02. 2007 Incorporation of VGP NV 100 11,069 100 100
05. 11. 2007 Share split 11,069 7,090,400 7,090,500
11. 12. 2007 Contribution in kind
of Czech companies
120,620 131,689 7,909,500 15,000,000
11. 12. 2007 Capital increase IPO 50,000 181,689 3,278,688 18,278,688
28. 12. 2007 Exercise of over-allotment
option – IPO
4,642 186,331 304,362 18,583,050
31.12. 2007 Elimination capital increase –
contribution in kind
(120,620) 65,711 18,583,050
31.12.2007 Issuing costs capital increase (3,460) 62,251 18,583,050

The statutory share capital of VGP NV amounts to € 92,667k. The € 30.4 million capital reserve included in the Statement of Changes in Equity, relates to the elimination of the contribution in kind of the shares of a number of Group companies and the deduction of all costs in relation to the issuing of the new shares and the stock exchange listing of the existing shares from the equity of the company, at the time of the initial public off ering ("IPO") (see also "Changes of changes in equity").

17. Current and non-current financial debt

The contractual maturities of interest-bearing loans and borrowings (current and non-current) are as follows:

MATURITY 2018
in thousands of € OUTSTANDING
BALANCE
< 1 YEAR > 1-5 YEAR > 5 YEAR
Non-current
Bank borrowings
Bonds
3.90% bonds Sep-23 221,957 221,957
3.25% bonds Jul-24 79,663 79,663
3.35% bonds Mar-25 74,346 74,346
3.50% bonds Mar-26 188,419 188,419
564,385 221,957 342,428
Total non-current financial debt 564,385 221,957 342,428
Current
Bank borrowings 14,959 14,959
Accrued interest 7,520 7,520
Total current financial debt 22,479 22,479
Total current and non-current financial debt 586,864 22,479 221,957 342,428
MATURITY 2017
in thousands of € OUTSTANDING
BALANCE
< 1 YEAR > 1-5 YEAR > 5 YEAR
Non-current
Bank borrowings 14,918 14,918
Bonds
3.90% bonds Sep-23 221,314 221,314
3.25% bonds Jul-24 74,227 74,227
3.35% bonds Mar-25 79,609 79,609
375,150 375,150
Total non-current financial debt 390,068 14,918 375,150
Current
Bank borrowings 752 752
Bonds
5.10% bonds Dec-18 74,701 74,701
Accrued interest 5,905 5,905
Total current financial debt 81,358 81,358
Total current and non-current financial debt 471,425 81,358 14,918 375,150

The above 31 December 2018 balances include capitalised fi nance costs on bank borrowings of € 41k (as compared to €83k for 2017) and capitalised fi nance costs on bonds € 5,615k (as compared to 5,149k for 2017).

The accrued interest relates to the 4 issued bonds. The coupons of the bonds are payable annually on 21 September for the Sep-23 Bond, 6 July for the Jul-24 Bond, 30 March for the Mar-25 Bond and 19 March for the Mar-26 Bond.

17.1 Secured bank loans

The loans granted to the VGP Group are all denominated in € (except for the "other bank debt" which is denominated in CZK) and can be summarised as follows:

2018
in thousands of €
FACILITY
AMOUNT
FACILITY
EXPIRY DATE
OUTSTANDING
BALANCE
< 1 YEAR > 1– 5
YEARS
> 5 YEARS
Raiffeisen – Romania 14,959 31-Dec-19 14,959 14,959
Total bank debt 14,959 14,959 14,959
2017
in thousands of €
FACILITY
AMOUNT
FACILITY
EXPIRY DATE
OUTSTANDING
BALANCE
< 1 YEAR > 1– 5
YEARS
> 5 YEARS
Raiffeisen - Romania 15,668 31-Dec-19 15,668 750 14,918
Other bank debt 2 2016-2018 2 2
Total bank debt 15,670 15,670 752 14,918

In order to secure the obligations under these agreements, the Group created:

  • Mortgage agreement over the existing properties;
  • Mortgage agreement over the land;
  • Agreement on future mortgage agreement with respect to the remaining part of the project land and project buildings;
  • Pledge on all existing and future receivables;
  • Pledge over the shares whereby VGP NV as the pledgor and the security agent as the pledgee enter into the Share Pledge Agreement. All shares issued by the borrower are pledged in favour of the security agent;
  • Pledge of rental fee revenues and guarantees;
  • Pledge of bank accounts receivables;
  • Pledge of rights and receivables under the construction contracts.

Interest rate swaps

As a general principle, loans are entered into by the Group in EUR at a fl oating rate, converting to a fi xed rate through interest rate swaps in compliance with the respective loan agreements.

For further information on fi nancial instruments we refer to note 23.

Events of default and breaches of loan covenants

The loan agreements granted by the banks are subject to a number of covenants which can be summarised as follows:

  • Loan to value ratio for investment loan tranches equal or less than 67.02%;
  • Debt service cover ratio equal or higher than 1.25;

The above mentioned ratios are tested based on a rolling 12 month period and are calculated as follows:

  • Loan to value ratio means in respect of a project the aggregate loans divided by the open market value as valued by an independent valuator;
  • Debt service cover ratio means cash available for debt service divided by debt service whereby debt service means the aggregate amount of fi nancial expenses due and payable together with any loan principal due and payable.

During the year the Group operated well within its loan covenants and there were no events of default nor were there any breaches of covenants with respect to loan agreements noted.

17.2 Bonds

As at 31 December 2018 VGP has following 4 bonds outstanding:

  • € 225 million fi xed rate bonds due 21 September 2023 carry a coupon of 3.90% per annum. The bonds have been listed on the regulated market of NYSE Euronext Brussels (ISIN Code: BE0002258276 - Common Code: 148397694). ("Sep-23 Bond")
  • € 75 million fi xed rate bonds due 6 July 2024 which carry a coupon of 3.25% per annum. The bonds have been listed on the regulated market of NYSE Euronext Brussels (ISIN Code: BE0002287564 - Common Code: 163738783). ("Jul-24 Bond")
  • € 80 million fi xed rate bonds due 30 March 2025 carry a coupon of 3.35% per annum. The bonds are not listed (ISIN Code: BE6294349194 - Common Code: 159049558). ("Mar-25 Bond")
  • € 190 million fi xed rate bonds due 19 March 2026 carry a coupon of 3.50% per annum. The bonds have been listed on the regulated market of NYSE Euronext Brussels (ISIN Code: BE0002611896 - Common Code: 187793777). ("Mar-26 Bond")

All bonds are unsecured.

Events of default and breaches of bond covenants

The terms and conditions of the bonds include following fi nancial covenants:

  • Consolidated gearing to equal or to be below 65%
  • Interest cover ratio to equal or to be above 1.2
  • Debt service cover ratio to equal or to be above 1.2

The abovementioned ratios are tested semi-annually based on a 12-month period and are calculated as follows:

  • Consolidated gearing means consolidated total net debt divided by the sum of the equity and total liabilities;
  • Interest cover ratio means the aggregate net rental income (increased with the available cash and cash equivalents) divided by the net fi nance charges;
  • Debt service cover ratio means cash available for debt service divided by net debt service.

During the year the Group operated well within its bond covenants there were no events of default nor were there any breaches of covenants with respect to the bonds noted.

17.3 Reconciliation debt movement to cash fl ow

2018 01-JAN CASH NON-CASH MOVEMENT 31-DEC
in thousands of € FLOWS ACQUISITIONS/
(DIVESTMENTS)
FOREIGN
EXCHANGE
MOVEMENT
FAIR
VALUE
CHANGES
OTHER
Non-current financial debt 390,067 173,357 961 564,385
Other non-current
financial liabilities
1,966 (1,906) 60
Current financial debt 81,358 (60,752) 1,873 22,479
Other non-current
financial liabilities
473,391 112,605 (1,906) 2,834 586,924
Non-current fi nancial assets (322) 322
Total liabilities from
financing activities
473,069 112,605 (1,584) 2,834 586,924

The non-cash movements relate to (i) € 1.9 million fair value changes related to changes of the fair value of fi nancial instruments; and (ii) € 2.8 million other relating to changes in accrued interest on bonds and amortisation of fi nance costs.

2017 01-JAN CASH NON-CASH MOVEMENT 31-DEC
in thousands of € FLOWS ACQUISITIONS/
(DIVESTMENTS)
FOREIGN
EXCHANGE
MOVEMENT
FAIR
VALUE
CHANGES
OTHER
Non-current financial debt 327,923 77,695 (16,852) 2,106 390,872
Other non-current
financial liabilities
5,348 (3,382) 1,966
Current financial debt 81,674 (1,665) 544 80,553
Other non-current
financial liabilities
414,945 77,695 (18,517) (3,382) 2,650 473,391
Non-current fi nancial assets (5) (317) (322)
Total liabilities from
financing activities
414,940 77,695 (18,517) (3,699) 2,650 473,069

The non-cash movements relate to (i) Divestment of VGP Estonia resulting in the repayment of the € 16.9 million bank debt and € 1.7 million bank debt repayment at the level of VGP Estonia during 2017; (ii) € 3.4 million fair value changes related to changes of the fair value of fi nancial instruments and forward foreign exchange contract; and (iii) € 2.7 million other relating to changes in accrued interest on bonds and amortisation of fi nance costs.

18. Other non-current liabilities

in thousands of € 2018 2017
Deposits 542 1,657
Retentions 2,575 2,758
Reclassification to liabilities related to disposal group held for sale (1,902) (2,735)
Total 1,215 1,680

Deposits are received from tenants. Retentions are amounts withheld from constructors' invoices. It is common to pay only 90 percent of the total amount due. 5 percent is due upon fi nal delivery of the building; the remaining part is paid, based on individual agreements, most commonly after 3 or 5 years.

19. Trade debts and other current liabilities

in thousands of € 2018 2017
Trade payables 39,942 45,259
Deposits 800 536
Retentions 736 3,015
Accrued expenses and deferred income 455 536
Other payables 4,807 4,197
Reclassification to liabilities related to disposal group held for sale (7,976) (15,164)
Total 38,764 38,379

20. Assets classified as held for sale and liabilities associated with those assets

in thousands of € 2018 2017
Intangible assets
Investment properties 262,172 430,298
Property, plant and equipment
Deferred tax assets
Trade and other receivables 6,637 5,085
Cash and cash equivalents 6,130 6,570
Disposal group held for sale 274,939 441,953
Non-current financial debt
Other non-current financial liabilities
Other non-current liabilities (1,902) (2,736)
Deferred tax liabilities (15,483) (23,223)
Current financial debt
Trade debts and other current liabilities (7,976) (15,164)
Liabilities associated with assets classified as held for sale (25,361) (41,123)
Total net assets 249,578 400,830

Under the joint venture agreement VGP European Logistics has an exclusive right of fi rst refusal in relation to acquiring the income generating assets developed by VGP in Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. The development pipeline which will be transferred as part of any future acquisition transaction between the Joint Venture and VGP is being developed at VGP's own risk and subsequently acquired and paid for by the Joint Venture subject to pre-agreed completion and lease parameters.

As at 31 December 2018 the assets of the respective project companies which were earmarked to be transferred to the joint venture in the future, including the next March 2019 closing, were therefore reclassifi ed as disposal group held for sale.

The investment properties correspond to the fair value of the asset under construction which are being developed by VGP on behalf of VGP European Logistics. This balance includes € 101.9 million of interest bearing development and construction loans (2017: € 137.1 million) granted by VGP to the Joint Venture to fi nance the development pipeline of the Joint Venture. (See also note 9.3)

21. Cash flow statement

SUMMARY (in thousands of €) 2018 2017
Cash flow from operating activities (51,035) (6,786)
Cash flow from investing activities 104,724 (90,274)
Cash flow from financing activities 77,299 57,625
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 130,988 (39,434)

The cash from operating activities decreased by € 44.2 million, mainly due to the increase (€ 21.9 million) in VAT receivables refl ecting the underlying increased development activities.

The changes in the cash fl ow from investing activities was mainly due to: (i) € 263.4 million (2017: €168.4 million) of expenditure incurred for the development activities and land acquisition; (ii) € 438.4 million cash in from the April 2018 closing with VGP European Logistics (2018: € 289.7 million compared to € 122.1 million closing in 2017) and the divestment of the Mango building (€ 148.7 million).

The changes in the cash fl ow from fi nancing activities were driven by: (i) € 35.3 million dividend paid out in May 2018 (2017: € 20.1 million capital repayment); (ii) € 188.4 million net proceeds from the Mar-26 Bond, the repayment of the maturing Dec-18 Bond (€75 million) and € 0.8 million repayment of bank debt compared with the 2017 net proceeds of the issued Jul-24 Bond and Mar-25 Bonds totalling € 153.9 million, the repayment of the maturing € 75 million bonds in July 2017 and € 1.2 million net repayment of bank debt.

22. Cash flow from disposal of subsidiaries and investment properties

in thousands of € 2018 2017
Investment property 403,735 225,789
Trade and other receivables 6,452 8,264
Cash and cash equivalents 11,461 4,253
Non-current financial debt (18,535)
Shareholder Debt (255,730) (120,137)
Other non-current financial liabilities (2,090)
Deferred tax liabilities (16,778) (11,959)
Trade debts and other current liabilities (16,493) (14,585)
Total net assets disposed 130,557 73,090
Realised valuation gain on sale 34,386 4,356
Total non-controlling interest retained by VGP (3,832) (1,884)
Shareholder loans repaid at closing 338,313 108,309
Equity contribution (49,599) (23,903)
Total consideration 449,825 159,968
Cash disposed (11,461) (4,253)
Net cash inflow from divestments of subsidiaries and investment properties 438,364 155,715

23. Financial risk management and financial derivatives

23.1 Terms, conditions and risk management

Exposures to foreign currency, interest rate, liquidity and credit risk arises in the normal course of business of VGP.

The company analyses and reviews each of these risks and defi nes strategies to manage the economic impact on the company's performance. The results of these risk assessments and proposed risk strategies is reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors on regular basis.

Some of the risk management strategies include the use of derivative fi nancial instruments which mainly consists of forward exchange contracts and interest rate swaps. The company holds no derivative instruments nor would it issue any for speculative purposes.

The following provides an overview of the derivative fi nancial instruments as at 31 December 2018. The amounts shown are the notional amounts.

DERIVATIVES 2018 2017
in thousands of € < 1 YEAR 1-5 YEARS > 5 YEARS < 1 YEAR 1-5 YEARS > 5 YEARS
Forward exchange contracts
Held for trading 10,283
Interest rate swaps
Held for trading 15,000 15,750 75,000

Following the issuance of the Mar-26 Bond in September 2018 a € 75 million interest rate swap (which had a delayed start date as of 6 December 2018) was liquidated. The remaining interest rate swaps (nominal amount of € 15 million) as at 31 December 2018 relate to the bank debt with Raiff eisen Bank Romania. The weighted average interest rate which has been fi xed is 0.12% per annum.

23.2 Foreign currency risk

VGP incurs principally foreign currency risk on its capital expenditure as well as some of its borrowings and net interest expense/income.

VGP's policy is to economically hedge its capital expenditure as soon as a fi rm commitment arises, to the extent that the cost to hedge outweighs the benefi t and in the absence of special features which require a diff erent view to be taken.

The table below summarises the Group's main net foreign currency positions at the reporting date. Since the Group has elected not to apply hedge accounting, the following table does not include the forecasted transactions. However, the derivatives the Group has entered into, to economically hedge the forecasted transactions are included.

in thousands of € 2018
CZK HUF RON
Trade & other receivables 110,238 353,950 35,339
Non-current liabilities and trade & other payables (129,712) (15,924) (10,231)
Gross balance sheet exposure (19,473) 338,027 25,108
Forward foreign exchange
Net exposure (19,473) 338,027 25,108
in thousands of € 2017
CZK RON
Trade & other receivables 80,172 1,764
Non-current liabilities and trade & other payables (364,870) (5,355)
Gross balance sheet exposure (284,698) (3,591)
Forward foreign exchange 271,500
Net exposure (13,198) (3,591)

The following signifi cant exchange rates applied during the year:

1 € = 2018 CLOSING RATE 2017 CLOSING RATE
CZK 25.72500 25.5400
HUF 321.51033
RON 4.66390 4.6597

Sensitivity

A 10 percent strengthening of the euro against the following currencies at 31 December 2018 would have increased/ (decreased) equity and profi t or loss by the amounts shown below. This analysis assumes that all variables, in particular interest rates, remain constant. The analysis is performed on the same basis for 2017.

EFFECTS (in thousands of €) 2018
EQUITY PROFIT OR (LOSS)
CZK 69
HUF (96)
RON (489)
Total (516)
EFFECTS (in thousands of €) 2017
EQUITY PROFIT OR (LOSS)
CZK 47
HUF 70
Total 117

A 10 percent weakening of the euro against the above currencies at 31 December 2018 would have had the equal but opposite eff ect on the above currencies to amounts shown above, on the basis that all other variables remain constant.

23.3 Interest rate risk

The Group applies a dynamic interest rate hedging approach whereby the target mix between fi xed and fl oating rate debt is reviewed periodically. These reviews are carried out within the confi nes of the existing loan agreements which require that interest rate exposure is to be hedged when certain conditions are met.

Where possible the Group will apply IFRS 9 to reduce income volatility whereby some of the interest rate swaps may be classifi ed as cash fl ow hedges. Changes in the value of a hedging instrument that qualifi es as highly eff ective cash fl ow hedges are recognised directly in shareholders' equity (hedging reserve).

The Group also uses interest rate swaps that do not satisfy the hedge accounting criteria under IFRS 9 but provide eff ective economic hedges. Changes in fair value of such interest rate swaps are recognised immediately in the income statement. (Interest rate swaps held for trading).

At the reporting date the Group interest rate profi le of the Group's (net of any capitalised fi nancing costs) was as follows:

in thousands of € – nominal amounts 2018 2017
Financial debt
Fixed rate
Bonds 570,000 455,000
Variable rate
Bank debt 15,000 15,752
Reclassified to liabilities related to disposal group held for sale
15,000 15,752
Interest rate hedging
Interest rate swaps
Held for trading 15,000 15,750
Reclassified to liabilities related to disposal group held for sale
15,000 15,750
Financial debt after hedging
Variable rate
Bank debt 2
Fixed rate
Bonds 570,000 455,000
Bank debt 15,000 15,750
585,000 470,750
Fixed rate/total financial liabilities 100.0% 100.0%

The eff ective interest rate on fi nancial debt (bank debt and bonds), including all bank margins and cost of interest rate hedging instruments was 3.73 % for the year 2018. (3.74% for 2017).

Sensitivity analysis for change in interest rates or profit

In case of an increase / decrease of 100 basis points in the interest rates, profi t before taxes would have no eff ect, as all debt at the end of December 2018 is fi xed.

Sensitivity analysis for changes in interest rate of other comprehensive income

For 2018 there is no impact given the fact that there are no interest rate swaps outstanding classifi ed as cash fl ow hedges as at the reporting date. The same situation applied at the 31 December 2017 reporting date.

23.4 Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk of fi nancial loss to VGP if a customer or counterparty to a fi nancial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations and arises principally from VGP's receivables from customers and bank deposits.

The management has a credit policy in place and the exposure to credit risk is monitored on an on-going basis. Each new tenant is analysed individually for creditworthiness before VGP off ers a lease agreement. In addition, the Group applies a strict policy of rent guarantee whereby, in general, each tenant is required to provide a rent guarantee for 6 months. This period will vary in function of the creditworthiness of the tenant.

At the balance sheet date there were no signifi cant concentrations of credit risk.

The maximum exposure to credit risk is represented by the carrying amount of each fi nancial asset. The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date was:

in thousands of € 2018 CARRYING AMOUNT 2017 CARRYING AMOUNT
Other non-current receivables 41,461 12,757
Trade & other receivables 29,493 16,159
Cash and cash equivalents 167,576 36,839
Reclassification to (–)/from held for sale (12,767) (11,655)
Total 225,763 54,100

As at 31 December 2018 there was € 1.5 million of restricted cash held in a bank account (2017: € 3.6 million) for settlement of fi nal payments on land expected to be acquired during the course of 2019.

The aging of trade receivables as at the reporting date was:

in thousands of € 2018 CARRYING AMOUNT 2017 CARRYING AMOUNT
Gross trade receivables
Gross trade receivables not past due 6,486 4,974
Gross trade receivables past due 793 500
Bad debt and doubtful receivables
Provision for impairment of receivables (–)
Reclassification to (–)/from held for sale (1,580) (880)
Total 5.699 4,594

23.5 Liquidity risk

The company manages its liquidity risk by ensuring that it has suffi cient cash available and that it has suffi cient available credit facilities and by matching as much as possible its receipts and payments.

The following are contractual maturities of fi nancial assets and liabilities, including interest payments and derivative fi nancial assets and liabilities but excluding non-fi nancial assets or liabilities. The amounts disclosed in the tables below are the contractual undiscounted cash fl ows. Undiscounted cash fl ows in respect of balances due within 12 months generally equal their carrying amounts in the statement of fi nancial position, as the impact of discounting is not signifi cant.

in thousands of € 2018
CARRYING
AMOUNT
CONTRACTUAL
CASH FLOW
< 1
YEAR
1-2
YEARS
2-5
YEARS
MORE THAN
5 YEARS
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents 166,046 166,046 166,046
Trade and other receivables 29,031 29,031 29,031
Reclassified to (–) from held for sale (12,768) (12,768) (12,768)
182,309 182,309 182,309
Liabilities
Secured bank loans 15,000 15,485 15,485
Unsecured bonds 564,385 697,135 20,543 20,543 286,628 369,423
Derivative financial instruments 60 142 76 66
Trade and other payables 49,402 49,402 46,285 1,997 999 121
Reclassification to liabilities related
to disposal group held for sale
(9,807) (9,807) (9,250) (40) (517)
619,041 752,357 73,139 22,566 287,110 369,544
in thousands of € 2017
CARRYING
AMOUNT
CONTRACTUAL
CASH FLOW
< 1
YEAR
1-2
YEARS
2-5
YEARS
MORE THAN
5 YEARS
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents 33,277 33,277 33,277
Derivative financial instruments 322 322 322
Trade and other receivables 15,933 15,933 15,933
Reclassified to (–) from held for sale (11,606) (11,606) (11,606)
37,926 37,926 37,926
Liabilities
Secured bank loans 15,752 16,841 1,310 15,531
Unsecured bonds 449,851 457,915 15,280 86,455 34,365 321,815
Derivative financial instruments 1,966 142 76 66
Trade and other payables 57,422 57,422 53,007 1,314 357 2,744
Reclassification to liabilities related
to disposal group held for sale
(18,396) (18,396) (15,660) (1,237) (325) (1,174)
506,594 513,924 54,013 102,129 34,397 323,385

23.6 Capital management

VGP is continuously optimising its capital structure targeting to maximise shareholder value while keeping the desired fl exibility to support its growth. The Group targets a maximum gearing ratio of net debt / total shareholders' equity and liabilities at 65%.

As at 31 December 2018 the Group's gearing was as follows:

in thousands of € 2018 2017
Non-current financial debt 564,375 390,067
Other non-current financial liabilities 60 1,966
Current financial debt 22,479 81,358
Financial debt classified under liabilities related to disposal group held for sale
Total financial debt 586,914 473,391
Cash and cash equivalents (161,446) (30,269)
Cash and cash equivalents classified as disposal group held for sale (6,130) (6,570)
Total net debt (A) 419,338 436,552
Total shareholders 'equity and liabilities (B) 1,212,418 1,032,553
Gearing ratio (A)/(B) 34.6% 42.3%

23.7 Fair value

The following tables list the diff erent classes of fi nancial assets and fi nancial liabilities with their carrying amounts in the balance sheet and their respective fair value and analyzed by their measurement category under both IAS 39 and IFRS 9.

Abbreviations used are explained below:

Abbreviations used in accordance with IAS 39 are:

  • L&R Loans and Receivables
  • HfT Financial assets or fi nancial liabilities Held for Trading
  • FLMaAC Financial Liabilities Measured at Amortised Cost

Abbreviations used in accordance with IFRS 9 are:

  • AC Financial assets or fi nancial liabilities measured at amortised cost
  • FVTPL Financial assets measured at fair value through profi t or loss
  • HFT Financial liabilities Held for Trading
31 DECEMBER 2018
in thousands of €
IAS 39 IFRS 9 FAIR
VALUE
FAIR VALUE
HIERARCHY
CARRYING
AMOUNT
IAS 39
CATEGORY
CARRYING
AMOUNT
IFRS 9
CATEGORY
2018 2018
Assets
Other non-current
receivables
41,460 L&R 41,460 AC 41,460 Level 2
Trade receivables 7,279 L&R 7,279 AC 7,279 Level 2
Other receivables 22,214 L&R 22,214 AC 22,214 Level 2
Derivative financial assets Hft FVTPL Level 2
Cash and cash equivalents 166,046 L&R 166,046 AC 166,046 Level 2
Reclassification to (–)
from held for sale
(12,767) (12,767) (12,767)
Total 224,232 224,232 224,232
Liabilities
Financial debt
Bank debt 14,953 FLMaAC 14,953 AC 14,953 Level 2
Bonds 564,385 FLMaAC 564,385 AC 563,972 Level 1
Trade payables 39,942 FLMaAC 39,942 AC 39,942 Level 2
Other liabilities 9,460 FLMaAC 9,460 AC 9,460 Level 2
Derivative fi nancial liabilities 60 HfT HFT Level 2
Reclassification to liabilities
related to disposal group
held for sale
(9,808) (9,808) (9,808)
Total 618,992 618,932 618,519
31 DECEMBER 2017
in thousands of €
IAS 39 IFRS 9 FAIR
VALUE
FAIR VALUE
HIERARCHY
CARRYING
AMOUNT
IAS 39
CATEGORY
CARRYING
AMOUNT
IFRS 9
CATEGORY
2017 2017
Assets
Other non-current
receivables
12,757 L&R 12,757 AC 12,757 Level 2
Trade receivables 5,474 L&R 5,474 AC 5,474 Level 2
Other receivables 8,457 L&R 8,457 AC 8,457 Level 2
Derivative financial assets 322 Hft 322 FVTPL 322 Level 2
Cash and cash equivalents 33,277 L&R 33,277 AC 33,277 Level 2
Reclassification to (–) from
held for sale
(11,609) (11,609) (11,609)
Total 48,678 48,678 48,678
Liabilities
Financial debt
Bank debt 15,670 FLMaAC 15,670 AC 15,670 Level 2
Bonds 449,851 FLMaAC 449,851 AC 464,624 Level 1
Trade payables 45,258 FLMaAC 45,258 AC 45,258 Level 2
Other liabilities 12,165 FLMaAC 12,165 AC 12,165 Level 2
Derivative fi nancial liabilities 1,966 HfT 1,966 HfT 1,966 Level 2
Reclassification to liabilities
related to disposal group
held for sale
(21,510) (21,510) (21,510)
Total 503,399 503,399 518,172

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values:

  • Cash and cash equivalents and trade and other receivables, primarily have short terms to maturity; hence, their carrying amounts at the reporting date approximate the fair values.
  • The Other non-current receivables are evaluated by the Group based on parameters such as interest rates, individual creditworthiness of the counterparty and the risk characteristics of the fi nanced project. As at 31 December 2018, the carrying amounts of these receivables, are assumed not to be materially diff erent from their calculated fair values.
  • Trade and other payables also generally have short times to maturity and, hence, their carrying amounts also approximate their fair values.
  • The fair value of fi nancial instruments is determined based on quoted prices in active markets. When quoted prices in active markets are not available, valuation techniques are used. Valuation techniques make maximum use of market inputs but are aff ected by the assumptions used, including discount rates and estimates of future cash fl ows. Such techniques include amongst others market prices of comparable investments and discounted cash fl ows. The principal methods and assumptions used by VGP in determining the fair value of fi nancial instruments are obtained from active markets or determined using, as appropriate, discounted cash fl ow models and option pricing models.

The Group uses the following hierarchy for determining and disclosing the fair value of fi nancial instruments by valuation technique:

  • Level 1: quoted (unadjusted) prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
  • Level 2: other techniques for which all inputs which have a signifi cant eff ect on the recorded fair value are observable, either directly or indirectly
  • Level 3: techniques which use inputs which have a signifi cant eff ect on the recorded fair value that are not based on observable market data.

During the reporting period ending 31 December 2018, there were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements, and no transfers into and out of Level 3 fair value measurements.

Financial assets amounting to € 6,030k as at 31 December 2018 (€ 3,164k in 2017) were pledged in favour of VGP's fi nancing banks.

24. Personnel

Long-term incentive plan for VGP team

The Board of Directors, based on the recommendation of the remuneration committee has agreed to set up a new longterm incentive plan in 2018. The new plan will allocate profi t sharing units ("Units"), to the respective VGP team members (including the executive management team). One Unit represents the equivalent of one VGP NV share on a net asset value basis. After an initial lock-up period of 5 years each participant will be able to return the Units against the payment of the proportional net asset value growth of such Units. At any single point in time, the number of Units outstanding (i.e. awarded and not yet vested) cannot exceed 5% of the total equivalent shares of the Company.

For the fi nancial year 2018 there were no Units allocated to the VGP team and the plan will therefore only become really eff ective as from 2019 onwards.

VGP Misv incentive plan

The Group has an incentive structure in place for selected members of the Group's management which was set up after the initial public off ering of December 2007 and whereby the existing reference shareholders have transferred a number of VGP shares representing 5 percent of the aggregate number of shares in VGP NV into VGP MISV, a limited partnership controlled by Mr Bart Van Malderen as managing partner ("beherend vennoot"/"associé commandité"). This structure does not have any dilutive eff ect on any existing or new shareholders. During the second half of 2018 and following the expiration of a 5 year-lock-up period certain members of the VGP team sold their respective VGP MISV shares to VGP NV. VGP NV acquired 330,830 VGP Misv shares for an aggregate amount of € 8.6 million. Following the acquisition of these shares, VGP NV currently holds 78.83% in VGP Misv Comm. VA as at the end of December 2018. Based on known variables as at the reporting date the remaining 21.17% would entail a cash out of circa € 6.6 million as at the reporting date.

It is foreseen that this plan will gradually phase out over the next 3 years.

25. Commitments

The Group has concluded a number of contracts concerning the future purchase of land. As at 31 December 2018 the Group had future purchase agreements for land totalling 1,597,599 m², representing a commitment of € 98.5 million and for which deposits totalling € 2.1 million had been made. As at 31 December 2017 Group had future purchase agreements for land totalling 1,452,336 m², representing a commitment of € 65.0 million and for which deposits totalling € 0.6 million had been made.

The € 2.1 million down payment on land was classifi ed under investment properties as at 31 December 2018 given the immateriality of the amounts involved (same classifi cation treatment applied for 2017).

As at 31 December 2018 the Group had contractual obligations to develop new projects for a total amount of € 75.5 million compared to € 75.6 million as at 31 December 2017.

All commitments are of a short-term nature. The secured land is expected to be acquired during the course of 2019, subject to receiving the necessary permits. The contractual construction obligations relate to buildings under construction which will be delivered during the course of 2019.

26. Related parties

Unless otherwise mentioned below, the settlement of related party transactions occurs in cash, there are no other outstanding balances which require disclosure, the outstanding balances are not subject to any interest unless specifi ed below, no guarantees or collaterals provided and no provisions or expenses for doubtful debtors were recorded.

26.1 Shareholders

Shareholding

As at 31 December 2018 the main shareholders of the company are:

  • Little Rock SA (20.84%): a company controlled by Mr. Jan Van Geet;
  • Alsgard SA (12.97%): a company controlled by Mr. Jan Van Geet;
  • VM Invest NV (20.16%): a company controlled by Mr. Bart Van Malderen;
  • Comm VA VGP MISV (5%): a company controlled by Mr. Bart Van Malderen.

The two main ultimate reference shareholders of the company are therefore (i) Mr Jan Van Geet who holds 33.81% of the voting rights of VGP NV and who is CEO and an executive director. and (ii) Mr Bart Van Malderen who holds 25.16% of the voting rights of VGP NV and who is a non-executive director.

The full details of the shareholding of VGP can be found in the section "Information about the share"

Lease activities

Drylock Technologies s.r.o., a company controlled by Bart Van Malderen, leases a warehouse from VGP European Logistics under a long term lease contract. This lease contract was entered into during the month of May 2012. The rent received over the year 2018 amounts to € 2.6 million (compared to € 2.1 million for the year 2017). The warehouse was acquired by VGP European Logistics joint venture at the end of May 2016.

Jan Van Geet s.r.o. leases out offi ce space to the VGP Group in the Czech Republic used by the VGP operational team. The lease runs until 2018 and 2021 respectively. During 2018 aggregate amount paid under these leases was € 96k equivalent compared to € 91k equivalent for 2017.

All lease agreements have been concluded on an arm's length basis.

Other services

The table below provides the outstanding balances with Jan Van Geet s.r.o.. The payable balance relates to unsettled invoices. The receivable balances relate to cash advances made to cover representation costs.

in thousands of € 2018 2017
Trade receivable/(payable) (31) (81)

VGP also provides real estate support services to Jan Van Geet s.r.o. During 2018 VGP recorded a € 32k revenue for these activities (2017: € 23k).

26.2 Subsidiaries

The consolidated fi nancial statements include the fi nancial statements of VGP NV and the subsidiaries listed in note 29. Transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries, which are related parties, have been eliminated in the consolidation and are accordingly not disclosed in this note.

26.3 Joint venture and associates

The table below presents a summary of the related transactions with the Group's Joint Venture with Allianz Real Estate (VGP European Logistics) and the associates. VGP European Logistics is incorporated in Luxembourg and owns logistics property assets in Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. VGP NV holds 50% directly in the Joint Venture and 5.1% directly in the subsidiaries of the Joint Venture holding assets in Germany (associates).

in thousands of € 2018 2017
Loans outstanding at year end 143,347 149,907
Investments in Joint Venture 52,895 25,787
Equity distributions received 1,000
Net proceeds from sales to joint venture 289,704 122,053
Other receivables from/(payables) to the Joint Venture at year-end (74)
Management fee income 7,933 6,688
Interest and similar income from joint venture and associates 5,702 5,299

26.4 Key Management

Key Management includes the Board of Directors and the executive management. The details of these persons can be found in the section Board of Directors and Management .

KEY MANAGEMENT REMUNERATION (in thousands of €) 2018 2017
Number of persons 11 9
Short term employee benefits
Basic remuneration 1,080 875
Short term variable remuneration 700 521
Remuneration of directors 198 98
Total gross remuneration 1,978 1,494
Average gross remuneration 180 166

The disclosures relating to the Belgian Corporate Governance Code are included in the Corporate Governance Statement of this annual report. For 2018 no post-employment benefi ts were granted.

VGP Misv incentive plan

During the second half of 2018 and following the expiration of a 5 year-lock-up period certain members of the VGP team sold their respective VGP MISV shares to VGP NV. VGP NV acquired 330,830 (36%) VGP MISV shares for an aggregate amount of € 8.6 million. (see also note 24 for further details)

27. Events after the balance sheet date

On 1 April 2019, a fi fth closing with VGP European Logistics took place with a transaction value of > € 190 million.

28. Services provided by the statutory auditor and related persons

The audit fees for VGP NV and its fully controlled subsidiaries amounted to € 121k In addition, additional non-audit services were performed during the year by Deloitte and related persons for which a total fee of € 30k was incurred.

29. Subsidiaries, joint venture and associates

29.1 Full consolidation

The following companies were included in the consolidation perimeter of the VGP Group as at 31 December 2018 and were fully consolidated:

SUBSIDIARIES REGISTERED SEAT ADDRESS
VGP NV Antwerpen, Belgium Parent (1)
VGP CZ X a.s Jenišovice u Jablonce nad Nisou,Czech Republic 100 (1)
VGP Park Chomutov a.s. Jenišovice u Jablonce nad Nisou,Czech Republic 100 (2)
VGP CZ XII a.s Jenišovice u Jablonce nad Nisou,Czech Republic 100 (2)
VGP Park Olomouc 3 a.s. Jenišovice u Jablonce nad Nisou,Czech Republic 100 (2)
VGP Park Olomouc 5 a.s. Jenišovice u Jablonce nad Nisou,Czech Republic 100 (2)
VGP Park Ceske Budejovice a.s. Jenišovice u Jablonce nad Nisou,Czech Republic 100 (2)
VGP Park Mnichovo Hradiste a.s. Jenišovice u Jablonce nad Nisou,Czech Republic 100 (2)
VGP Park Hradek nad Nisou 2 a.s. Jenišovice u Jablonce nad Nisou,Czech Republic 100 (2)
VGP Park Rochlov a.s. Jenišovice u Jablonce nad Nisou,Czech Republic 100 (2)
Astria Group a.s. Jenišovice u Jablonce nad Nisou,Czech Republic 100 (2)
VGP – industrialni stavby s.r.o. Jenišovice u Jablonce nad Nisou,Czech Republic 100 (3)
SUTA s.r.o. Prague, Czech Republic 100 (3)
VGP FM Services s.r.o. Jenišovice u Jablonce nad Nisou,Czech Republic 100 (3)
VGP Industriebau GmbH Düsseldorf, Germany 100 (3)
VGP PM Services GmbH Düsseldorf, Germany 100 (3)
FM Log.In. GmbH Düsseldorf, Germany 100 (3)
VGP Park München GmbH Düsseldorf, Germany 100 (2)
VGP Deutschland – Projekt 8 GmbH Düsseldorf, Germany 100 (7)
VGP Park Hamburg 4 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100 (2)
VGP Park Goettingen S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100 (2)
VGP Park Halle S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100 (2)
VGP Park Berlin Wustermark S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100 (2)
SUBSIDIARIES REGISTERED SEAT ADDRESS %
VGP Park Dresden S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100 (2)
VGP Park Berlin 3 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100 (2)
VGP DEU 12 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100 (2)
VGP Park Bischoffsheim S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100 (2)
VGP Park Goettingen 2 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100 (2)
VGP DEU 15 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100 (2)
VGP DEU 16 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100 (2)
VGP DEU 17 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100 (2)
VGP DEU 18 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100 (2)
VGP DEU 19 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100 (2)
VGP DEU 20 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100 (2)
VGP DEU 21 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100 (2)
VGP DEU 22 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100 (2)
VGP DEU 23 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100 (2)
VGP DEU 24 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100 (2)
VGP Asset Management S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100 (3)
VGP Finance NV Zele, Belgium 100 (5)
VGP Latvia s.i.a. Kekava, Latvia 100 (2)
VGP Park Timisoara S.R.L. Timisoara, Romania 100 (2)
VGP Zone Brasov S.R.L. Timisoara, Romania 100 (2)
VGP Park Sibiu S.R.L. Timisoara, Romania 100 (2)
VGP Proiecte Industriale S.R.L. Timisoara, Romania 100 (3)
VGP Park Bratislava a.s. Bratislava, Slovakia 100 (2)
VGP – industrialne stavby s.r.o. Bratislava, Slovakia 100 (3)
VGP Service Kft. Györ, Hungary 100 (3)
VGP Park Hatvan Kft. Györ, Hungary 100 (2)
VGP Park Gÿor Beta Kft. Györ, Hungary 100 (2)
VGP Park Kecskemet Kft. Györ, Hungary 100 (2)
VGP Nederland BV Tilburg, The Netherlands 100 (2)
VGP Park Nederland 1 BV Tilburg, The Netherlands 100 (2)
VGP Park Nederland 2 BV Tilburg, The Netherlands 100 (2)
VGP Park Roosendaal BV Tilburg, The Netherlands 100 (2)
VGP Naves Industriales Peninsula, S.L.U. Barcelona, Spain 100 (1)
VGP (Park) Espana 1 S.L.U. Barcelona, Spain 100 (2)
VGP (Park) Espana 3 S.L.U. Barcelona, Spain 100 (2)
VGP (Park) Espana 4 S.L.U. Barcelona, Spain 100 (2)
VGP (Park) Espana 5 S.L.U. Barcelona, Spain 100 (2)
VGP (Park) Espana 6 S.L.U. Barcelona, Spain 100 (2)
VGP (Park) Espana 7 S.LU. Barcelona, Spain 100 (2)
VGP (Park) Espana 8 S.L.U. Barcelona, Spain 100 (2)
VGP (Park) Espana 9 S.L.U. Barcelona, Spain 100 (2)
VGP Construzioni Industriali S.r.l. Milan, Italy 100 (3)
VGP Park Italy 1 S.r.l. Milan, Italy 100 (2)
VGP Park Italy 2 S.r.l. Milan, Italy 100 (2)
VGP Park Italy 3 S.r.l. Milan, Italy 100 (2)
VGP Park Italy 4 S.r.l. Milan, Italy 100 (2)
VGP Industriebau Österreich GmbH Vienna, Austria 100 (3)

29.2 Companies to which the equity method is applied

JOINT VENTURE REGISTERED SEAT ADDRESS %
VGP European Logistics S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 50.00 (4)
ASSOCIATES REGISTERED SEAT ADDRESS %
VGP Misv Comm. VA Zele, Belgium 78.83 (4)
VGP Park Rodgau GmbH Düsseldorf, Germany 5.10 (6)
VGP Park Bingen GmbH Düsseldorf, Germany 5.10 (6)
VGP Park Hamburg GmbH Düsseldorf, Germany 5.10 (6)
VGP Park Höchstadt GmbH Düsseldorf, Germany 5.10 (6)
VGP Park Berlin GmbH Düsseldorf, Germany 5.10 (6)
VGP Park Leipzig GmbH Düsseldorf, Germany 5.10 (6)
VGP Park Hamburg 2 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 5.10 (6)
VGP Park Frankenthal S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 5.10 (6)
VGP Park Leipzig S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 5.10 (6)
VGP Park Hamburg 3 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 5.10 (6)
VGP DEU 3 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 5.10 (6)
VGP Park Berlin 2 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 5.10 (6)
VGP Park Ginsheim S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 5.10 (6)
VGP Park Wetzlar S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 5.10 (6)

(1) Holding and service company

(2) Existing or future asset company.

(3) Services company

(4) Holding company

(5) Dormant

(6) The remaining 94.9% are held directly by VGP European Logistics S.a r.l..

(7) In liquidation

29.3 Changes in 2018

(i) New Investments

SUBSIDIARIES REGISTERED SEAT ADDRESS %
VGP DEU 14 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100
VGP DEU 15 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100
VGP DEU 16 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100
VGP DEU 17 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100
VGP DEU 18 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100
VGP DEU 19 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100
VGP DEU 20 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100
VGP DEU 21 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100
VGP DEU 22 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100
VGP DEU 23 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100
VGP DEU 24 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 100
VGP Park Hradek nad Nisou 2 a.s. Jenišovice u Jablonce nad Nisou,Czech Republic 100
VGP Park Rochlov a.s. Jenišovice u Jablonce nad Nisou,Czech Republic 100
VGP Park Olomouc 5 a.s. Jenišovice u Jablonce nad Nisou,Czech Republic 100
Astria Group a.s. Jenišovice u Jablonce nad Nisou,Czech Republic 100
VGP Industriebau Österreich GmbH Vienna, Austria 100
VGP Park Hatvan Kft. Györ, Hungary 100
VGP Park Gÿor Beta Kft. Györ, Hungary 100
VGP Park Kecskemet Kft. Györ, Hungary 100
SUBSIDIARIES REGISTERED SEAT ADDRESS
VGP Park Nederland 1 BV Tilburg, The Netherlands 100
VGP Park Nederland 2 BV Tilburg, The Netherlands 100
VGP Park Roosendaal BV Tilburg, The Netherlands 100
VGP – industriálne stavby s.r.o. Bratislava, Slovakia 100
VGP Construzioni Industriali S.r.l. Milan, Italy 100
VGP Park Italy 1 S.r.l. Milan, Italy 100
VGP Park Italy 2 S.r.l. Milan, Italy 100
VGP Park Italy 3 S.r.l. Milan, Italy 100
VGP Park Italy 4 S.r.l. Milan, Italy 100
VGP Proiecte Industriale S.R.L. Timisoara, Romania 100
VGP (Park) Espana 5 S.L.U. Barcelona, Spain 100
VGP (Park) Espana 6 S.L.U. Barcelona, Spain 100
VGP (Park) Espana 7 S.L.U. Barcelona, Spain 100
VGP (Park) Espana 8 S.L.U. Barcelona, Spain 100
VGP (Park) Espana 9 S.L.U. Barcelona, Spain 100

(ii) Name change

NEW NAME FORMER NAME
VGP Park Timisoara S.R.L. VGP Park Romania S.R.L.
VGP Zone Brasov S.R.L. VGP Constructii Industriale S.R.L.
VGP Park Bischoffsheim S.à r.l. VGP DEU 13 S.à r.l.
VGP Park Goettingen 2 S.à r.l. VGP DEU 14 S.à r.l.

(iii) Subsidiaries sold

SUBSIDIARIES REGISTERED SEAT ADDRESS %
VGP (Park) Espana 2 S.L.U. Barcelona, Spain 100

(iv) Subsidiaries sold to VGP European Logistics joint venture

SUBSIDIARIES REGISTERED SEAT ADDRESS %
VGP Park Olomouc 1 nástupnická a.s. Jenišovice u Jablonce nad Nisou,Czech Republic 100.0
VGP Park Usti nad Labem a.s. Jenišovice u Jablonce nad Nisou,Czech Republic 100.0
VGP Park Jenec a.s. Jenišovice u Jablonce nad Nisou,Czech Republic 100.0
VGP Park Olomouc 4 a.s. Jenišovice u Jablonce nad Nisou,Czech Republic 100.0
VGP Park Berlin 2 S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 94.9
VGP Park Ginsheim S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 94.9
VGP Park Wetzlar S.à r.l. Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 94.9

(v) Registered numbers of the Belgian companies

COMPANIES COMPANY NUMBER
VGP NV BTW BE 0887.216.042 RPR – Antwerp (Division Antwerp)
VGP Finance NV BTW BE 0894.188.263 RPR – Ghent (Division Dendermonde)
VGP Misv Comm. VA BTW BE 0894.442.740 RPR – Ghent (Division Dendermonde)

Supplementary notes not part of the audited fi nancial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2018

1. Income statement, proportionally consolidated

The table below includes the proportional consolidated income statement interest of the Group in the VGP European Logistics joint venture. The interest held directly by the Group (5.1%) in the German asset companies of the Joint Venture have been included in the 50% Joint Venture fi gures (share of VGP).

in thousands of € 2018 2017
GROUP JOINT
VENTURE
TOTAL GROUP JOINT
VENTURE
TOTAL
Gross rental income 16,627 30,803 47,430 17,046 19,328 36,374
Property operating expenses (1,123) (2,890) (4,013) (1,941) (1,795) (3,736)
Net rental and related income 15,504 27,913 43,417 15,105 17,534 32,639
Joint venture management fee income 9,965 9,965 8,057 8,057
Net valuation gains/(losses) on investment
properties
98,552 39,938 138,490 94,628 24,427 119,055
Administration expenses (18,167) (1,056) (19,223) (19,353) (871) (20,224)
Operating profit/(loss) 105,854 66,795 172,649 98,437 41,089 139,526
Net financial result (13,970) (12,382) (26,352) (10,466) (5,500) (15,966)
Taxes (15,998) (9,194) (25,192) (21,205) (6,360) (27,565)
Profit for the period 75,886 45,220 121,106 66,766 29,229 95,995

2. Balance sheet, proportionally consolidated

The table below includes the proportional consolidated balance sheet interest of the Group in the VGP European Logistics joint venture. The interest held directly by the Group (5.1%) in the German asset companies of the Joint Venture have been included in the 50% Joint Venture fi gures (share of VGP).

in thousands of € 2018 2017
GROUP JOINT
VENTURE
TOTAL GROUP JOINT
VENTURE
TOTAL
Investment properties 468,513 624,281 1,092,794 392,291 383,078 775,369
Investment properties included in assets
held for sale
262,172 262,172 430,298 430,298
Total investment properties 730,685 624,281 1,354,966 822,589 383,078 1,205,667
Other assets 43,029 408 43,437 13,654 135 13,789
Total non-current assets 773,714 624,689 1,398,403 836,243 383,213 1,219,456
Trade and other receivables 23,064 6,469 29,533 11,074 6,462 17,536
Cash and cash equivalents 161,446 22,501 183,947 30,269 11,858 42,127
Disposal group held for sale 12,767 12,767 11,655 11,655
Total current assets 197,277 28,970 226,247 52,998 18,319 71,317
Total assets 970,991 653,659 1,624,650 889,241 401,532 1,290,773
Non-current financial debt 564,375 340,708 905,083 390,067 208,971 599,038
Other non-current financial liabilities 60 2,574 2,634 1,966 1,966
Other non-current liabilities 1,515 3,328 4,843 1,680 1,873 3,553
Deferred tax liabilities 16,692 39,950 56,642 11,750 28,740 40,490
Total non-current liabilities 582,642 386,560 969,202 405,463 239,584 645,047
Current financial debt 22,479 8,687 31,166 81,358 5,728 87,086
Trade debts and other current liabilities 38,469 16,985 55,454 38,379 12,909 51,288
Liabilities related to disposal group held
for sale
25,361 25,361 41,123 41,123
Total current liabilities 86,309 25,672 111,981 160,860 18,637 179,497
Total liabilities 668,951 412,232 1,081,183 566,323 258,221 824,544
Net assets 302,040 241,427 543,467 322,918 143,312 466,230

Parent company information

1. Financial statements VGP NV

1.1 Parent company accounts

The fi nancial statements of the parent company VGP NV, are presented below in a condensed form. In accordance with Belgian company law, the directors' report and fi nancial statements of the parent company VGP NV, together with the auditor's report, have been deposited at the National Bank of Belgium. They are available on request from:

VGP NV Uitbreidingstraat 72 bus 7 B-2600 Antwerpen (Berchem) Belgium www.vgpparks.eu

The statutory auditor issued an unqualifi ed opinion on the fi nancial statements of VGP NV.

1.2 Condensed income statement

in thousands of € 2018 2017
Other operating income 12,220 6,817
Operating profit or loss 3,715 (7,036)
Financial result (3,159) (1,366)
Non-recurrent income financial assets 83,561 39,078
Current and deferred income taxes (10) (167)
Profit for the year 84,107 30,509

1.3 Condensed balance sheet after profi t appropriation

in thousands of € 2018 2017
Formation expenses, intangible assets 5,615 5,149
Tangible fixed assets 187 4
Financial fixed assets 794,263 754,696
Total non-current assets 800,065 759,849
Trade and other receivables 10,428 2,899
Cash & cash equivalents 127,041 18,946
Total current assets 137,469 21,845
TOTAL ASSETS 937,534 781,694
Share capital 92,667 92,667
Non-distributable reserves 9,267 9,267
Retained earnings 182,596 174,680
Shareholders' equity 284,530 276,614
Amounts payable after one year 596,284 407,067
Amounts payable within one year 56,720 98,013
Creditors 653,004 505,080
TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 937,534 781,694

Valuation principles

Valuation and foreign currency translation principles applied in the parent company's fi nancial statements are based on Belgian accounting legislation.

2. Proposed appropriation of VGP NV 2018 result

The profi t after tax for the year ended was € 84,107,428.19

At the General Meeting of Shareholders on 10 May 2019, the Board of Directors will propose that the above result be appropriated as follows:

in thousands of € 2018 2017
Profit of the financial year 84,107,428.19 30,508,513.04
Profit carried forward 139,372,216.23 145,498,698.59
Transfer to legal reserves (1,327,200.40)
Profit/(loss) to be carried forward 182,596,934.42 139,372,216.23
Profit to be distributed (gross dividend) 40,882,710.00 35,307,795.00

The board of directors proposes to the Annual Shareholders' Meeting that a dividend of € 40,882,710.00 (€ 2.20 per share) be distributed for the year 2018.

Auditor's report

VGP NV

Statutory auditor's report to the shareholders' meeting of VGP NV for the year ended 31 December 2018

(Consolidated fi nancial statements)

In the context of the statutory audit of the consolidated fi nancial statements of VGP NV ("the company") and its subsidiaries (jointly "the group"), we hereby submit our statutory audit report. This report includes our report on the consolidated fi nancial statements and the other legal and regulatory requirements. These parts should be considered as integral to the report.

We were appointed in our capacity as statutory auditor by the shareholders' meeting of 12 May 2017, in accordance with the proposal of the board of directors issued upon recommendation of the audit committee. Our mandate will expire on the date of the shareholders' meeting deliberating on the fi nancial statements for the year ending 31 December 2019. We have performed the statutory audit of the consolidated fi nancial statements of VGP NV for 12 consecutive periods.

Report on the audit of the consolidated fi nancial statements

Unqualified opinion

We have audited the consolidated fi nancial statements of the group, which comprise the consolidated balance sheet as at 31 December 2018, the consolidated income statement, the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, the consolidated statement of changes in equity and the consolidated cash fl ow statement for the year then ended, as well as the summary of signifi cant accounting policies and other explanatory notes. The consolidated statement of fi nancial position shows total assets of 1,212,418 (000) € and the consolidated income statement shows a profi t for the year then ended of 121,106 (000) €.

In our opinion, the consolidated fi nancial statements give a true and fair view of the group's net equity and fi nancial position as of 31 December 2018 and of its consolidated results and its consolidated cash fl ow for the year then ended, in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the European Union and with the legal and regulatory requirements applicable in Belgium.

Basis for the unqualified opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (ISA), as applicable in Belgium. In addition, we have applied the International Standards on Auditing approved by the IAASB applicable to the current fi nancial year, but not yet approved at national level. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the "Responsibilities of the statutory auditor for the audit of the consolidated fi nancial statements" section of our report. We have complied with all ethical requirements relevant to the statutory audit of consolidated fi nancial statements in Belgium, including those regarding independence.

We have obtained from the board of directors and the company's offi cials the explanations and information necessary for performing our audit.

We believe that the audit evidence obtained is suffi cient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Key audit matters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most signifi cance in our audit of the consolidated fi nancial statements of the current period. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the consolidated fi nancial statements as a whole and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.

Key audit matters

Valuation of investment properties

VGP develops, owns and manages a portfolio of logistic and industrial warehousing properties, located mainly in Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Spain. The property portfolio is valued at 468,513 (000) € as at 31 December 2018, 624,281 (000) € is held by joint ventures at share and 262,172 (000) € is presented under "disposal group held for sale".

The portfolio includes completed investments and properties under construction ("development properties") and is valued using the investment method in accordance with IAS 40 which is based on expected future cash fl ows. Development properties are valued using the same methodology with a deduction for all costs necessary to complete the development. Key inputs into the valuation exercise are yields, estimated rental values and current market rents, which are infl uenced by prevailing market forces, comparable transactions and the specifi c characteristics of each property in the portfolio. The Group uses professionally qualifi ed external valuers to fair value the Group's portfolio at six-monthly intervals.

The valuation of the portfolio is a signifi cant judgement area, underpinned by a number of assumptions. Specifi cally estimating the cost to complete for development properties can involve judgements and the existence of estimation uncertainty. Coupled with the fact that only a small percentage diff erence in individual property valuations, when aggregated, could result in a material misstatement on the income statement and balance sheet, warrants specifi c audit focus in this area.

Reference to disclosures:

The methodology applied in determining the valuation is set out in note 2.7 of the consolidated fi nancial statements. In addition we refer to note 13 of the consolidated fi nancial statements containing the investment property roll-forward, note 20 in relation to the disposal group held for sale and note 9 in relation to investments in joint ventures and associates.

How our audit addressed the key audit matters

Assessing the valuer's expertise and objectivity

  • We assessed the competence, independence and integrity of the external valuers.
  • We assessed management's process for reviewing and challenging the work of the external valuers.

Testing the valuations

  • We compared the amounts per the valuation reports to the accounting records and from there we agreed the related balances through to the fi nancial statements.
  • We involved an internal valuation specialists to assist the fi nancial audit team to discuss and challenge the valuation process, performance of the portfolio and signifi cant assumptions and critical judgement areas, including occupancy rates, yields and development milestones and compared to other data we have knowledge of;
  • We obtained the external valuation reports for all properties and confi rmed that the valuation approach is in accordance with RICS in determining the carrying value in the balance sheet.
  • For development properties we also confi rmed that the supporting information for construction contracts and budgets was consistent with the cost to complete deducted from the valuation of development properties. Capitalized expenditure was tested on a sample basis to invoices, and budgeted costs to complete were compared to supporting evidence (for example by inspecting original construction contracts).

Information and standing data

  • We tested the standing data the Group provided to the valuers for use in the performance of the valuation, relating to rental income, key rent contract characteristics and occupancy.
  • We considered the internal controls implemented by management and we tested the design and implementation of controls over investment properties.

Key audit matter

Transactions with associates

VGP has one signifi cant investment in an associate, VGP European Logistics SARL, for which the net book value amounted to 241,427 (000) € per 31 December 2018. There were a number of transactions during the year between VGP NV and VGP European Logistics SARL which warranted particular additional audit focus due to the magnitude of the transactions and/or the potential for complex contractual terms that introduce judgement into how they were accounted for. Under the joint venture agreement between VGP and Allianz, a number of legal entities and properties were transferred to VGP European Logistics SARL resulting in a total net cash proceeds of 289,700 (000) €. The appropriate accounting treatment of transactions with an associate, appropriate disclosure thereof in the consolidated fi nancial statements and appropriately refl ecting the result recognized on these transactions (including the presentation as realized versus unrealized gains/losses on disposal of investment properties) involves management judgement and can be highly complex due to the diff erences that may arise between the disposal value of these entities and properties compared to their carrying amount. As such, we consider this to be a key audit area.

Reference to disclosures:

Refer to note 2 for the related accounting policies, note 9 in relation to investments in joint ventures and associates and note 22 cash fl ow from disposal of subsidiaries and investment properties.

How our audit addressed the key audit matters

  • For each transaction, we held discussions with management and obtained supporting documentation as necessary to ensure that we understood the nature of the transaction. We reviewed the proposed accounting treatment in relation to the Group's accounting policies and relevant IFRSs standards.
  • We have obtained the reconciliation of the realized gain/loss resulting from these transactions and agreed key items in the reconciliation (such as sales value, remaining cost to complete) to the underlying agreements or other supporting documentation.
  • We have read the paragraphs and addenda to the contracts supporting these transactions and have involved our own IFRS experts to analyze the appropriate accounting treatment of these transactions.
  • We have assessed appropriate disclosure of these transactions in the notes to the consolidated fi nancial statements.

Key audit matter

Accounting for deferred taxes

Per 31 December 2018, deferred tax liabilities amount to 16,692 (000) €, 75,097 (000) € is held by joint ventures at share and 15,483 (000) € are presented under disposal group held for sale. These deferred tax liabilities mainly relate to diff erences between the fair value and tax value of investment properties. Accounting for deferred taxes can be complex, taking into account current and future tax legislation in various countries where VGP operates. Specifi cally in transactions involving the transfer of legal entities containing real estate, deferred taxes are commonly valued taking into account a reduced deferred tax rate compared to the legally applicable tax rates, which may result in complexity in the accounting treatment of such transactions in accordance with IAS 12.

The same factors apply to VGP European Logistics SARL which is accounted for by VGP as an equity accounted investee.

Reference to disclosures:

Refer to note 2 for the related accounting policies. In addition we refer to note 11 of the consolidated fi nancial in relation to deferred taxes, note 20 in relation to the disposal group held for sale and note 9 in relation to investments in joint ventures and associates.

How our audit addressed the key audit matters

  • Validating the reconciliation of the deferred tax liabilities on the balance sheet and in the income statement per 31 December 2018.
  • Challenging management estimates in relation to specifi c tax positions taken to account for deferred taxes.
  • Analyzing signifi cant evolutions in deferred tax liabilities compared to the previous accounting period and agreeing these back to related movements in the fair value of investment property or other movements driving the change in deferred tax position of the Group.
  • Validating that the Group used the appropriate tax rates for recognizing deferred taxes.
  • Reviewing the impact on deferred taxes following the transfer of legal entities containing real estate in accordance with IAS 12.

Responsibilities of the board of directors for the consolidated financial statements

The board of directors is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated fi nancial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the European Union and with the legal and regulatory requirements applicable in Belgium and for such internal control as the board of directors determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated fi nancial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, the board of directors is responsible for assessing the group's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters to be considered for going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the board of directors either intends to liquidate the group or to cease operations, or has no other realistic alternative but to do so.

Responsibilities of the statutory auditor for the audit of the consolidated financial statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated fi nancial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue a statutory auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISA will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to infl uence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated fi nancial statements.

During the performance of our audit, we comply with the legal, regulatory and normative framework as applicable to the audit of consolidated fi nancial statements in Belgium.

As part of an audit in accordance with ISA, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:

  • identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated fi nancial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is suffi cient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from an error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control;
  • obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the eff ectiveness of the group's internal control;
  • evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by the board of directors;
  • conclude on the appropriateness of management's use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast signifi cant doubt on the group's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our statutory auditor's report to the related disclosures in the consolidated fi nancial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our

conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our statutory auditor's report. However, future events or conditions may cause the group to cease to continue as a going concern;

  • evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated fi nancial statements, and whether the consolidated fi nancial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
  • obtain suffi cient appropriate audit evidence regarding the fi nancial information of the entities and business activities within the group to express an opinion on the consolidated fi nancial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion.

We communicate with the audit committee regarding, amongst other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and signifi cant audit fi ndings, including any signifi cant defi ciencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.

We also provide the audit committee with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and we communicate with them about all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.

From the matters communicated to the audit committee, we determine those matters that were of most signifi cance in the audit of the consolidated fi nancial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor's report unless law or regulation precludes any public disclosure about the matter.

* * *

Other legal and regulatory requirements

Responsibilities of the board of directors

The board of directors is responsible for the preparation and the content of the directors' report on the consolidated fi nancial statements and other matters disclosed in the annual report on the consolidated fi nancial statements.

Responsibilities of the statutory auditor

As part of our mandate and in accordance with the Belgian standard complementary (revised in 2018) to the International Standards on Auditing (ISA) as applicable in Belgium, our responsibility is to verify, in all material respects, the director's report on the consolidated fi nancial statements and other matters disclosed in the annual report on the consolidated fi nancial statements, as well as to report on these matters.

Aspects regarding the directors' report on the consolidated financial statements and other information disclosed in the annual report on the consolidated financial statements

In our opinion, after performing the specifi c procedures on the directors' report on the consolidated fi nancial statements, this report is consistent with the consolidated fi nancial statements for that same year and has been established in accordance with the requirements of article 119 of the Companies Code.

In the context of our statutory audit of the consolidated fi nancial statements we are responsible to consider, in particular based on information that we became aware of during the audit, if the directors' report on the consolidated fi nancial statements and other information disclosed in the annual report on the consolidated fi nancial statements, i.e.:

— the report included in the section "Report of the Board of Directors" of the annual report

is free of material misstatements, either by information that is incorrectly stated or otherwise misleading. In the context of the procedures performed, we are not aware of such a material misstatement.

Statements regarding independence

  • Our audit fi rm and our network have not performed any prohibited services and our audit fi rm has remained independent from the company during the performance of our mandate.
  • The fees for the additional non-audit services compatible with the statutory audit of the consolidated fi nancial statements, as defi ned in article 134 of the Companies Code, have been properly disclosed and disaggregated in the notes to the consolidated fi nancial statements.

Other statements

— This report is consistent with our additional report to the audit committee referred to in article 11 of Regulation (EU) No 537/2014.

Zaventem, 5 April 2019 The statutory auditor

Deloitte Bedrijfsrevisoren / Réviseurs d'Entreprises CVBA/SCRL Represented by Rik Neckebroeck

Glossary of terms

Acquisition price

This means the value of the property at the time of acquisition. Any transfer costs paid are included in the acquisition price.

Annualised committed leases or annualised rent income

The annualised committed leases or the committed annualised rent income represents the annualised rent income generated or to be generated by executed lease – and future lease agreements.

Associates

Means all subsidiaries of VGP European Logistics S.à r.l. in which VGP NV holds a direct 5.1% participation and VGP MISV Comm. VA in which the Company holds 78.83%.

Belgian Corporate Governance Code

Drawn up by the Corporate Governance Commission and including the governance practices and provisions to be met by companies under Belgian Law which shares are listed on a regulated market (the"2009 Code"). The Belgian Corporate Governance Code is available online at www. corporategovernancecommittee.be.

Break

First option to terminate a lease.

Compliance Officer

The compliance offi cer is responsible for monitoring compliance with the code of conduct for fi nancial transactions in the Corporate Governance Charter (the dealing code).

Contractual rent

The gross rent as contractually agreed in the lease on the date of signing.

Contribution in kind

The non-cash assets contributed to a company at the time of formation or when the capital is increased.

Dealing Code

The code of conduct containing rules that must be complied with by the members of the Board of Directors, the members of executive management, and all employees of the VGP Group, who by virtue of their position, possess information they know or should know is insider information.

Derivatives

As a borrower, VGP wishes to protect itself from any rise in interest rates. This interest rate risk can be partially hedged by the use of derivatives (such as interest rate swap contracts).

Discounted cash flow

This is a valuation method based on a detailed projected revenue fl ow that is discounted to a net current value at a given discount rate based on the risk of the assets to be valued.

EPRA

The European Public Real Estate Association, a real estate industry body, which has issued Best Practices Recommendations Guidelines in order to provide consistency and transparency in real estate reporting across Europe.

Equivalent yield (true and nominal)

Is a weighted average of the net initial yield and reversionary yield and represents the return a property will produce based upon the timing of the income received. The true equivalent yield assumes rents are received quarterly in advance. The nominal equivalent assumes rents are received annually in arrears.

Estimated rental value ("ERV")

Estimated rental value (ERV) is the external valuers' opinion as to the open market rent which, on the date of valuation, could reasonably be expected to be obtained on a new letting or rent review of a property.

Exit yield

Is the capitalisation rate applied to the net income at the end of the discounted cash fl ow model period to provide a capital value or exit value which an entity expects to obtain for an asset after this period.

Facility Management

Day-to-day maintenance, alteration and improvement work. VGP employs an internal team of facility managers who work primarily for the VGP Group and the Joint Venture.

Fair value

The fair value is defi ned in IAS 40 as the amount for which an asset could be exchanged between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arm's length transaction. In addition, market value must refl ect current rental agreements, the reasonable assumptions in respect of potential rental income and expected costs.

FSMA (Financial Services and Markets Authority)

The Financial Services and Market Authority (FSMA) is the autonomous regulatory authority governing fi nancial and insurance markets in Belgium.

Gearing ratio

Is a ratio calculated as consolidated net fi nancial debt divided by total equity and liabilities or total assets.

IAS/IFRS

International Accounting Standards/ International Financial Reporting Standards. The international accounting standards drawn up by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), for the preparation of fi nancial statements.

Indexation

The rent is contractually adjusted annually on the anniversary of the contract eff ective date on the basis of the infl ation rate according to a benchmark index in each specifi c country.

Initial yield

Is the annualised rent of a property expressed as a percentage of the property value.

Insider information

Any information not publicly disclosed that is accurate and directly or indirectly relates to one or more issuers of fi nancial instruments or one or more fi nancial instruments and that, if it were publicly disclosed, could signifi cantly aff ect the price of those fi nancial instruments (or fi nancial instruments derived from them).

Interest hedging

The use of derived fi nancial instruments to protect debt positions against interest rate rises.

Investment value

The value of the portfolio, including transaction costs, as appraised by independent property experts.

IRS (Interest Rate Swap)

A transaction in which the parties swap interest rate payments for a given duration. VGP uses interest rate swaps to hedge against interest rate increases by converting current variable interest payments into fi xed interest payments.

Joint Venture or VGP European Logistics or VGP European Logistics joint venture

Means VGP European Logistics S.à r.l., the 50:50 joint venture between the VGP and Allianz.

Lease expiry date

The date on which a lease can be cancelled.

Market capitalisation

Closing stock market price multiplied by the total number of outstanding shares on that date.

Net asset value

The value of the total assets minus the value of the total liabilities.

Net financial debt

Total fi nancial debt minus cash and cash equivalents.

Net Initial Yield

Is the annualised rents generated by an asset, after the deduction of an estimate of annual recurring irrecoverable property outgoings, expressed as a percentage of the asset valuation (after notional purchaser's costs).

Occupancy rate

The occupancy rate is calculated by dividing the total leased out lettable area (m²) by the total lettable area (m²) including any vacant area (m²).

Project management

Management of building and renovation projects. VGP employs an internal team of project managers who work exclusively for the Group.

Property expert

Independent property expert responsible for appraising the property portfolio.

Property portfolio

The property investments, including property for lease, property investments in development for lease, assets held for sale and development land.

Reversionary Yield

Is the anticipated yield, which the initial yield will rise to once the rent reaches the ERV and when the property is fully let. It is calculated by dividing the ERV by the valuation.

Seed portfolio

The fi rst 15 VGP parks acquired by the Joint Venture at the end of May 2016, including the respective completed buildings, buildings under construction and development land at the end of May 2016.

VGP European Logistics portfolio

The property for lease of the Joint Venture.

Weighted average term of financial debt

The weighted average term of fi nancial debt is the sum of the current fi nancial debt (loans and bonds) multiplied by the term remaining up to the fi nal maturity of the respective loans and bonds divided by the total outstanding fi nancial debt.

Weighted average term of the leases

The weighted average term of leases is the sum of the current rent and committed rent for each lease multiplied by the term remaining up to the fi nal maturity of these leases divided by the total current rent and committed rent of the portfolio.

Weighted Average Unexpired Lease Term ("WAULT")

is the average lease term remaining to fi rst break, or expiry, across the portfolio weighted by contracted rental income.

Weighted average yield

The sum of the contractual rent of a property portfolio to the acquisition price of such property portfolio.

Take-up

Letting of rental spaces to users in the rental market during a specifi c period.

2018 Bond or Dec-18 Bond

the € 75 million fi xed rate bond maturing on 6 December 2018 which carries a coupon of 5.10% per annum (listed on the regulated market of Euronext Brussels with ISIN Code: BE0002208743 – Common Code: 099582871) and which was refi nanced on 6 December 2018.

2023 Bond or Sep-23 Bond

the € 225 million fi xed rate bond maturing on 21 September 2023 which carries a coupon of 3.90% per annum (listed on the regulated market of Euronext Brussels with ISIN Code: BE0002258276 – Common Code: 148397694).

2024 Bond or Jul-24 Bond

the € 75 million fi xed rated bond maturing on 6 July 2024 which carries a coupon of 3.25% per annum (listed on the regulated market of Euronext Brussels with ISIN Code: BE0002287564 – Common Code: 163738783.

2025 Bond or Mar-25 Bond

the € 80 million fi xed rate bond maturing on 30 March 2025 which carries a coupon of 3.35% per annum (unlisted with ISIN Code: BE6294349194 – Common Code: 159049558).

2026 Bond or Mar-26 Bond

the € 190 million fi xed rate bond maturing on 19 March 2026 which carries a coupon of 3.50% per annum (listed on the regulated market of Euronext Brussels with ISIN Code: BE0002611896 – Common Code: 187793777.

Page 184 / VGP NV Annual report 2018 / Financial review / Statement of responsible persons

Statement of responsible persons

The undersigned declare that, to the best of their knowledge:

  • The annual accounts, which are in line with the standards applicable for annual accounts, give a true and fair view of the capital, the fi nancial situation and the results of the issuer and the consolidated subsidiaries;
  • The annual report gives a true and fair view of the development and the results of the company and of the position of the issuer and the consolidated companies, as well as a description of the main risks and uncertainties they are faced with.

Jan Van Geet as permanent representative of Jan Van Geet s.r.o. CEO

Dirk Stoop as permanent representative of Dirk Stoop BVBA CFO

Disclaimer

This report may contain forward-looking statements. Such statements refl ect the current views of management regarding future events, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results to be materially diff erent from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. VGP is providing the information in this report as of this date and does not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained in this report in light of new information, future events or otherwise. The information in this report does not constitute an off er to sell or an invitation to buy securities in VGP or an invitation or inducement to engage in any other investment activities. VGP disclaims any liability for statements made or published by third parties and does not undertake any obligation to correct inaccurate data, information, conclusions or opinions published by third parties in relation to this or any other report or press release issued by VGP.

VGP NV Uitbreidingstraat 72 box 7 B-2600 Antwerp (Berchem) Belgium tel +32 3 289 14 30 fax +32 3 289 14 39 e-mail [email protected] www.vgpparks.eu

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