2413

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
WITH REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED
31 DECEMBER 2025 AND 2024

Address: 3, 27TH RD., Taichung Industrial Park, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Telephone: 886-4-23590096

Notice to readers:

The reader is advised that these consolidated financial statements have been prepared originally in Chinese. In the event of a conflict between these financial statements and the original Chinese version or difference in interpretation between the two versions, the Chinese language financial statements shall prevail.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD

Statement

The entities that are required to be included in the consolidated statements of affiliates of Universal Microelectronics Co., Ltd. as of and for the year ended 31 December 2025 under the “Criteria Governing the Preparation of Affiliation Reports, consolidated business reports and consolidated financial statements of affiliated enterprises” are the same as those included in the consolidated financial statements prepared in conformity with international financial reporting standards No.10 “Consolidated Financial Statements”. Relevant information required to be disclosed in the consolidated financial statements of affiliates has all been disclosed in the consolidated financial statements of parent and subsidiary companies. Consequently, Universal Microelectronics Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries did not prepare a separate set of consolidated financial statements of affiliates.

Yours truly,

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD.

Chairman: OU, JEN-CHIEH

5 March 2026

Independent Auditor’s Report Translated from Chinese

To UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS Co., Ltd.

Opinion

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries (the "Group") as of 31 December 2025 and 2024, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the years ended 31 December 2025 and 2024, and notes to the consolidated financial statements, including the summary of significant accounting policies (together "the consolidated financial statements").

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company and its subsidiaries (the "Group") as of 31 December 2025 and 2024, and their consolidated financial performance and cash flows for the years ended 31 December 2025 and 2024, in conformity with the requirements of the Regulations Governing the Preparation of Financial Reports by Securities Issuers and International Financial Reporting Standards, International Accounting Standards, interpretations developed by the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee or the former Standing Interpretations Committee as endorsed by the Financial Supervisory Commission of the Republic of China and became effective.

Basis for Opinion

We conducted our audits in accordance with the Regulations Governing Financial Statement Audit and Attestation Engagements of Certified Public Accountants and the Standards on Auditing of the Republic of China. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company and its subsidiaries in accordance with the Norm of Professional Ethics for Certified Public Accountant of the Republic of China (the “Norm”), and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with the Norm. Based on our audits and the report(s) of the other auditors, we believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Key Audit Matters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of 2025 consolidated financial statements. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the consolidated financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.

Impairment of accounts receivable

As of 31 December 2025, gross accounts receivable and loss allowance by the Group amounted to NT$587,131 thousand and NT$0 thousand, respectively. Net accounts receivable accounted for 14% of total consolidated assets and have significant impacts on the Group. Since the loss allowance of accounts receivable is measured by the expected credit loss for the duration of the accounts receivable, it is necessary to divide accounts receivable into groups in the process of measurement and analyze the application of related assumptions, including appropriate aging intervals and their respective loss rates. As the measurement of expected credit loss involves making judgment, analysis and estimates, and the result will affect the net accounts receivable, we therefore determined this to be a key audit matter.

Our audit procedures included, but were not limited to, evaluating the effectiveness of internal controls around accounts receivable management, including performing tests on a sample basis and understanding management’s assessment for expected credit losses of accounts receivable, identifying risk groups and determining appropriate aging intervals and the expected loss rate of each group, selecting samples to perform the accounts receivable confirmation, analyzing trends of changes in accounts receivable of prior and subsequent periods and turnover rates, reviewing the collection in the subsequent period to assess their recoverability. We also assessed the adequacy of the disclosures related to accounts receivable in Notes 5 and 6.

Valuation for inventories

As of 31 December 2025, the Group’s net inventories amounted to NT$924,524 thousand. Net inventories accounted for 22% of consolidated total assets, which was considered material in the consolidated statements. Due to uncertainty arising from rapid changes in product technology, the provision for valuation loss, sluggish or obsolete inventories involves major judgments by the management. We therefore determined this to be a key audit matter.

Our audit procedures included, but were not limited to, evaluating the effectiveness of the internal control established by the management for inventory, including performing simple tests and understanding the appropriateness of the management's assessment of inventory evaluation policies and methods, evaluating the management's stocktaking plan and conducting inventory inspections on the spot, obtain the inventory aging table and test the correctness of the inventory age, re-calculating the unit cost of inventories, and evaluating and testing net realizable value adopted by management. We also assessed the adequacy of the disclosures related to inventories in Notes 5 and 6.

Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Consolidated Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with the requirements of the Regulations Governing the Preparation of Financial Reports by Securities Issuers and International Financial Reporting Standards, International Accounting Standards, Interpretations developed by the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee or the former Standing Interpretations Committee as endorsed by Financial Supervisory Commission of the Republic of China and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the ability to continue as a going concern of the Group, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Group or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.

Those charged with governance, including audit committee or supervisors, are responsible for overseeing the financial reporting process of the Group.

Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the Republic of China will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements.

As part of an audit in accordance with auditing standards in the Republic of China, we exercise professional judgment and professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the internal control of the Group.

Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management.
Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the ability to continue as a going concern of the Group. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Group to cease operating as a going concern.
Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements, including the accompanying notes, and whether the consolidated financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business activities within the Group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion.

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.

From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of 2025 consolidated financial statements and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor’s report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.

Other

We have audited and expressed an unqualified opinion on the parent company only financial statements of the Company as of and for the years ended 31 December 2025 and 2024.

Lo, Wen Chen

Huang, Jing Ya

Ernst & Young, Taiwan

5 March 2026

Notice to Readers

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are intended only to present the consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows in accordance with accounting principles and practices in the Republic of China and not those of any other jurisdictions. The standards, procedures and practices to audit such consolidated financial statements are those generally accepted and applied in the Republic of China.

Accordingly, the accompanying consolidated financial statements and report of independent accountants are not intended for use by those who are not informed about the accounting principles or auditing standards in the Republic of China, and their applications in practice.

English Translation of Consolidated Financial Statements Originally Issued in Chinese
UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
31 December 2025 and 2024
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)

Assets	Notes	31 December 2025	31 December 2024
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	4,6(1)	$866,213	$729,576
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss	4,6(2)	149,803	109,672
Financial assets at amortized cost	4,6(3)	139,430	62,785
Notes receivable, net	4	1,678	3,018
Accounts receivable, net	4,6(4)&(16)	586,673	617,549
Accounts receivable from related parties, net	4,6(4)&(16),7	458	442
Other receivables		13,126	8,723
Current tax assets		1,805	1,821
Inventories	4,6(5)	924,524	1,202,967
Prepayments	4	21,259	20,800
Other current assets	4,8	6,604	13,886
Total current assets		2,711,573	2,771,239
Non-current assets
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income	4,6(6)	149,349	190,219
Investments accounted for using the equity method	4,6(7)	158,959	84,994
Property, plant and equipment	4,6(8),8	882,928	997,774
Right-of-use assets	4,6(17)	46,059	52,353
Investment property	4,6(9),8	113,543	115,026
Intangible assets	4	8,634	10,188
Deferred tax assets	4,6(21)	40,813	34,295
Other non-current assets		39,510	47,610
Net defined benefit asset	4,6(13)	11,405	-
Total non-current assets		1,451,200	1,532,459

Total assets
$4,162,773
$4,303,698

(continued)

English Translation of Consolidated Financial Statements Originally Issued in Chinese

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Continued)

31 December 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)

Liabilities and equity	Notes	31 December 2025	31 December 2024
Current liabilities
Short-term borrowings	4,6(10)	$ -	$70,000
Contract liabilities	6(15),7	53,831	54,853
Notes payable		-	637
Accounts payable		590,603	412,601
Other payables	6(11)	162,543	178,770
Current tax liabilities	4	8,027	190
Lease liabilities	4,6(17)	4,000	3,964
Current portion of long-term borrowings	4,6(12)	235,573	369,851
Other current liabilities		36,126	23,104
Total current liabilities		1,090,703	1,113,970
Non-current liabilities
Long-term borrowings	4,6(12)	1,041,807	1,232,517
Deferred tax liabilities	4,6(21)	9,795	-
Lease liabilities	4,6(17)	2,064	3,213
Net defined benefit liability	4,6(13)	-	209
Other non-current liabilities		4,013	4,367
Total non-current liabilities		1,057,679	1,240,306
Total liabilities		2,148,382	2,354,276
Equity	4,6(14)
---	---	---	---
Equity attributable to owners of parent
Share capital
Ordinary share		1,273,592	1,273,592
Capital surplus		420,995	373,069
Retained earnings
Legal reserve		55,458	55,458
Special reserve		359,330	353,098
Unappropriated earnings		313,556	259,431
Total retained earnings		728,344	667,987
Other equity		(408,916)	(359,330)
Treasury shares		-	(6,151)
Total equity attributable to owners of parent		2,014,015	1,949,167
Non-controlling interests		376	255
Total equity		2,014,391	1,949,422
Total liabilities and equity		$4,162,773	$4,303,698

(The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements)

English Translation of Consolidated Financial Statements Originally Issued in Chinese

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

For the years ended 31 December 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars, Except for Earnings per Share)

	Notes	For the years ended 31 December
		2025	2024
Revenue	4,6(15),7	$3,344,759	$3,231,025
Cost of sales	4,6(5)	(2,836,286)	(2,838,031)
Gross profit		508,473	392,994
Operating expenses	6(18),7
Selling expenses		(76,517)	(90,164)
Administrative expenses		(254,018)	(285,657)
Research and development expenses		(153,458)	(205,900)
Expected credit loss	4,6(16)	(16)	(1,037)
Total operating expenses		(484,009)	(582,758)
Operating income (loss)		24,464	(189,764)
Non-operating income and expenses	4,6(19)
Interest income		18,322	9,360
Other income		63,885	59,795
Other gains and losses		(39,778)	56,310
Finance costs		(31,628)	(36,256)
Share of profit (loss) of associates and joint ventures accounted for using the equity method	4,6(7)	32,540	17,864
Total non-operating income and expenses		43,341	107,073
Profit (loss) before tax		67,805	(82,691)
Income tax expense (benefit)	4,6(21)	(15,418)	26,831
Profit (loss) for the year		52,387	(55,860)
Other comprehensive income	4,6(7)&(20)
Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss:
Remeasurements of defined benefit plans		9,844	21,051
Unrealized gains or losses on equity instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income		(40,871)	(22,399)
Share of other comprehensive income of associates and joint ventures – items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss		(1,433)	-
Income tax related to items that will not be reclassified		(1,969)	(4,210)
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
Exchange differences on translating foreign operations		(9,103)	21,944
Income tax related to items that may be reclassified		1,821	(4,389)
Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax		(41,711)	11,997
Total comprehensive income for the year		$10,676	$(43,863)
Profit (loss) attributable to:
Owners of the parent		$52,482	$(55,488)
Non-controlling interests		(95)	(372)
		$52,387	$(55,860)
Total comprehensive income attributable to:
Owners of the parent		$10,771	$(43,491)
Non-controlling interests		(95)	(372)
		$10,676	$(43,863)
Earnings per share (in NTD):	6(22)
Basic earnings (loss) per share		$0.41	$(0.44)
Diluted earnings (loss) per share		$0.41	$(0.44)

(The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements)

English Translation of Consolidated Financial Statements Originally Issued in Chinese
UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
For the years ended 31 December 2025 and 2024
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)

	Equity attributable to owners of parent
	Retained earnings				Other equity			Treasury shares	Total equity attributable to owners of parent	Non-controlling interests
	Ordinary share	Capital surplus	Legal reserve	Special reserve	Unappropriated earnings	Foreign currency translation reserve	Fair value through other comprehensive income reserve
Balance at 1 January 2024	$1,273,592	$373,076	$48,839	$332,604	$349,167	$(31,176)	$(321,922)	$(6,151)	$2,018,029	$627
Appropriation and distribution of earnings for 2023:
Appropriation to legal reserve			6,619		(6,619)				-	-
Appropriation to special reserve				20,494	(20,494)				-	-
Cash dividends on ordinary shares					(25,364)				(25,364)
Changes in associates and joint ventures accounted for using the equity method		(7)							(7)
Loss for the year 2024					(55,488)				(55,488)	(372)
Other comprehensive income for the year 2024					16,841	17,555	(22,399)		11,997	-
Total comprehensive income for the year	-	-	-	-	(38,647)	17,555	(22,399)	-	(43,491)	(372)
Disposal of equity instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income					1,388		(1,388)		-	-
Balance at 31 December 2024	$1,273,592	$373,069	$55,458	$353,098	$259,431	$(13,621)	$(345,709)	$(6,151)	$1,949,167	$255
Balance at 1 January 2025	$1,273,592	$373,069	$55,458	$353,098	$259,431	$(13,621)	$(345,709)	$(6,151)	$1,949,167	$255
Appropriation and distribution of earnings for 2024:
Appropriation to special reserve				6,232	(6,232)				-	-
Changes in associates and joint ventures accounted for using the equity method		47,940							47,940
Profit for the year 2025					52,482				52,482	(95)
Other comprehensive income for the year 2025					7,875	(7,282)	(42,304)		(41,711)	-
Total comprehensive income for the year	-	-	-	-	60,357	(7,282)	(42,304)	-	10,771	(95)
Changes in ownership interests in subsidiaries without loss of control		(24)							(24)	216
Other		10						6,151	6,161
Balance at 31 December 2025	$1,273,592	$420,995	$55,458	$359,330	$313,556	$(20,903)	$(388,013)	$-	$2,014,015	$376

(The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements)

English Translation of Consolidated Financial Statements Originally Issued in Chinese

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

For the years ended 31 December 2025 and 2024

(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)

	For the years ended 31 December
	2025	2024
Cash flows from operating activities:
Profit (loss) before tax	$67,805	$(82,691)
Adjustments for:
Non-cash items:
Depreciation expense	132,246	143,713
Amortization expense	19,730	26,802
Expected credit loss	16	1,037
Net gains on financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss	(25,841)	(2,657)
Interest expense	31,628	36,256
Interest income	(18,322)	(9,360)
Dividend income	(9,130)	(6,702)
Share of profit of associates and joint ventures accounted for using the equity method	(32,540)	(17,864)
Loss on disposal and retirement of property, plant and equipment	77	3,671
Loss on disposal of intangible assets	-	29
Loss on disposal of investments	1,859	-
Others	-	(26)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Decrease (increase) in notes receivable	1,340	(2,564)
Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable	30,844	(55,818)
Increase (decrease) in other receivables	(3,758)	7,776
Decrease in inventories	278,443	619,705
Increase in prepayments	(459)	(207)
Decrease in other current assets	7,288	7,482
Decrease in contract liabilities	(1,022)	(5,354)
Decrease (increase) in notes payable	(637)	124
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable	178,002	(273,924)
Decrease in other payables	(16,097)	(41,883)
Increase in other current liabilities	13,022	2,348
Decrease in net defined benefit liability	(1,770)	(28,174)
Cash generated from operations	652,724	321,719
Interest received	17,677	8,837
Dividends received	14,212	6,702
Interest paid	(31,758)	(36,513)
Income taxes paid	(4,433)	(13,034)
Net cash inflows from operating activities	648,422	287,711

(Continued)

English Translation of Consolidated Financial Statements Originally Issued in Chinese
UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS(Continued)
For the years ended 31 December 2025 and 2024
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars)

	For the years ended 31 December
	2025	2024
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income	-	(10,000)
Disposal of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income	-	1,831
Acquisition of financial assets measured at amortized cost	(526,551)	(62,785)
Repayment of financial assets measured at amortized cost	449,906	-
Acquisition of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss	(14,290)	(72,173)
Disposal of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss	-	3,243
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment	(16,372)	(36,016)
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment	1,378	7,438
Acquisition of intangible assets	(8,306)	(9,870)
Increase (decrease) in other financial assets	(6)	30,964
Increase in other non-current assets	(11,857)	(31,634)
Net cash outflows from investing activities	(126,098)	(179,002)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Decrease in short-term borrowings	(70,000)	(158,000)
Decrease in short-term notes payable	-	(79,944)
Proceeds from long-term borrowings	750,403	1,049,078
Repayment of long-term borrowings	(1,075,391)	(872,452)
Repayment of lease liabilities	(4,782)	(7,302)
Decrease in other non-current liabilities	(354)	(94)
Cash dividends paid	-	(25,364)
Purchase of treasury shares by employees	6,161	-
Changes in non-controlling interests	216	-
Net cash outflows from financing activities	(393,747)	(94,078)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	8,060	(8,985)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	136,637	5,646
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year	729,576	723,930
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year	$866,213	$729,576

(The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements)

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the Year Ended 31 December 2025 and 2024
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

History and organization

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS Co., Ltd. (the Company) was incorporated in Republic of China (R.O.C) on 18 February 1984. The main activities of the Company include manufacturing and selling computer peripherals, connectors, wires and other parts. The shares of the Company commenced trading on Taiwan’s Over-the-Counter Market on 28 October 1998 and were listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange on 11 September 2000. Its registered location and main operational base were situated at No. 3, Industrial Road 27, Nantun District, Taichung City.

Date and procedures of authorization of financial statements for issue

The consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries (the Group) for the years ended 31 December 2025 and 2024 were authorized for issue in accordance with a resolution of the Board of Directors’ meeting on 5 March 2026.

Newly issued or revised standards and interpretations

(1) Changes in accounting policies resulting from applying for the first time certain standards and amendments

The Group applied for the first time International Financial Reporting Standards, International Accounting Standards, and Interpretations issued, revised or amended which are recognized by Financial Supervisory Commission (“FSC”) and become effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2025. The adoption of these new standards and amendments had no material impact on the Group.

(2) Standards or interpretations issued, revised or amended, by International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) which have been endorsed by FSC, and not yet adopted by the Group as at the end of the reporting period are listed below.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

Items	New, Revised or Amended Standards and Interpretations	Effective Date issued by IASB
a	IFRS 17 “Insurance Contracts”	1 January 2023
b	Amendments to the Classification and Measurement of Financial Instruments – Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7	1 January 2026
c	Annual Improvements to IFRS Accounting Standards – Volume 11	1 January 2026
d	Contracts Referencing Nature-dependent Electricity – Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7	1 January 2026

(a) IFRS 17 “Insurance Contracts”

IFRS 17 provides a comprehensive model for insurance contracts, covering all relevant accounting aspects (including recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure requirements). The core of IFRS 17 is the General (building block) Model, under this model, on initial recognition, an entity shall measure a group of insurance contracts at the total of the fulfilment cash flows and the contractual service margin. The carrying amount of a group of insurance contracts at the end of each reporting period shall be the sum of the liability for remaining coverage and the liability for incurred claims.

Other than the General Model, the standard also provides a specific adaptation for contracts with direct participation features (the Variable Fee Approach) and a simplified approach (Premium Allocation Approach) mainly for short-duration contracts.

IFRS 17 was issued in May 2017 and it was amended in 2020 and 2021. The amendments include deferral of the date of initial application of IFRS 17 by two years to annual beginning on or after 1 January 2023 (from the original effective date of 1 January 2021); provide additional transition reliefs; simplify some requirements to reduce the costs of applying IFRS 17 and revise some requirements to make the results easier to explain. IFRS 17 replaces an interim Standard – IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts – from annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023.

(b) Amendments to the Classification and Measurement of Financial Instruments – Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

The amendments include:

(i) Clarify that a financial liability is derecognised on the settlement date and describe the accounting treatment for settlement of financial liabilities using an electronic payment system before the settlement date.
(ii) Clarify how to assess the contractual cash flow characteristics of financial assets that include environmental, social and governance (ESG)-linked features and other similar contingent features.
(iii) Clarify the treatment of non-recourse assets and contractually linked instruments.
(iv) Require additional disclosures in IFRS 7 for financial assets and liabilities with contractual terms that reference a contingent event (including those that are ESG-linked), and equity instruments classified at fair value through other comprehensive income.

(i) Amendments to IFRS 1
(ii) Amendments to IFRS 7
(iii) Amendments to Guidance on implementing IFRS 7
(iv) Amendments to IFRS 9
(v) Amendments to IFRS 10
(vi) Amendments to IAS 7

(d) Contracts Referencing Nature-dependent Electricity – Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7

The amendments include:

(i) Clarify the application of the ‘own-use’ requirements.
(ii) Permit hedge accounting if these contracts are used as hedging instruments.
(iii) Add new disclosure requirements to enable investors to understand the effect of these contracts on a company’s financial performance and cash flows.

The abovementioned amendments are applicable for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2026 and have no material impact on the Group.

(3) Standards or interpretations issued, revised or amended, by IASB which have not been endorsed by FSC, and not yet adopted by the Group as at the date when the Group’s financial statements were authorized for issue, are listed below.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

Items	New, Revised or Amended Standards and Interpretations	Effective Date issued by IASB
a	IFRS 10 “Consolidated Financial Statements” and IAS 28 “Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures” — Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or Joint Ventures	To be determined by IASB
b	IFRS 18 “Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements”	1 January 2027 (Note)
c	Disclosure Initiative – Subsidiaries without Public Accountability: Disclosures (IFRS 19)	1 January 2027
d	Translation to a Hyperinflationary Presentation Currency (Amendments to IAS 21 and IAS 29)	1 January 2027

Note: On 25 September 2025, the FSC announced in a press release that Taiwan will adopt IFRS 18 in 2028.

(a) IFRS 10 “Consolidated Financial Statements” and IAS 28 “Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures” — Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or Joint Ventures

The amendments address the inconsistency between the requirements in IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements and IAS 28 Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures, in dealing with the loss of control of a subsidiary that is contributed to an associate or a joint venture. IAS 28 restricts gains and losses arising from contributions of non-monetary assets to an associate or a joint venture to the extent of the interest attributable to the other equity holders in the associate or joint ventures. IFRS 10 requires full profit or loss recognition on the loss of control of the subsidiary. IAS 28 was amended so that the gain or loss resulting from the sale or contribution of assets that constitute a business as defined in IFRS 3 between an investor and its associate or joint venture is recognized in full.

IFRS 10 was also amended so that the gains or loss resulting from the sale or contribution of a subsidiary that does not constitute a business as defined in IFRS 3 between an investor and its associate or joint venture is recognized only to the extent of the unrelated investors' interests in the associate or joint venture.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(b) IFRS 18 “Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements”

IFRS 18 replaces IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements. The main changes are as below:

(i) Improved comparability in the statement of profit or loss (income statement)
IFRS 18 requires entities to classify all income and expenses within their statement of profit or loss into one of five categories: operating; investing; financing; income taxes; and discontinued operations. The first three categories are new, to improve the structure of the income statement, and requires all entities to provide new defined subtotals, including operating profit or loss. The improved structure and new subtotals will give investors a consistent starting point for analyzing entities’ performance and make it easier to compare entities.

(ii) Enhanced transparency of management-defined performance measures
IFRS 18 requires entities to disclose explanations of those entity-specific measures that are related to the income statement, referred to as management-defined performance measures.

(iii) Useful grouping of information in the financial statements
IFRS 18 sets out enhanced guidance on how to organize information and whether to provide it in the primary financial statements or in the notes. The changes are expected to provide more detailed and useful information. IFRS 18 also requires entities to provide more transparency about operating expenses, helping investors to find and understand the information they need.

This new standard and its amendments permit subsidiaries without public accountability to provide reduced disclosures when applying IFRS Accounting Standards in their financial statements. IFRS 19 is optional for subsidiaries that are eligible and sets out the disclosure requirements for subsidiaries that elect to apply it.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(d) Translation to a Hyperinflationary Presentation Currency (Amendments to IAS 21 and IAS 29)

The amendments include:

(i) Clarify that when the entity’s functional currency is that of a non-hyperinflationary economy but its presentation currency is the currency of a hyperinflationary economy, the entity shall translate its results and financial position using the closing rate at the date of the most recent statement of financial position.

(ii) In the above circumstances, when the presentation currency ceases to be hyperinflationary economy, the entity shall not retranslate amounts that arose before the beginning of the reporting period.

(iii) When the entity’s functional currency and presentation currency are the currency of a hyperinflationary economy, the entity shall apply the relevant accounting treatment in accordance with paragraph 34 of IAS 29.

The abovementioned standards and interpretations issued by IASB have not yet endorsed by FSC at the date when the Group’s financial statements were authorized for issue, the local effective dates are to be determined by FSC. As the Group is still currently determining the potential impact of the new or amended standards and interpretations listed under (b), it is not practicable to estimate their impact on the Group at this point in time. The remaining new or amended standards and interpretations have no material impact on the Group.

Summary of material accounting policies

(1) Statement of Compliance

The consolidated financial statements of the Group for the years ended 31 December 2025 and 2024 have been prepared in accordance with the Regulations Governing the Preparation of Financial Reports by Securities Issuers (“the Regulations”) and International Financial Reporting Standards, International Accounting Standards, and Interpretations developed by the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee, which are endorsed by FSC (TIFRSs).

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(2) Basis of Preparation

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for financial instruments that have been measured at fair value. The consolidated financial statements are expressed in thousands of New Taiwan Dollars (NT$) unless otherwise stated.

(3) Basis of Consolidation

Preparation principle of consolidated financial statement

Control is achieved when the Group is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. Specifically, the Group controls an investee if and only if the Group has:

(a) power over the investee (i.e., existing rights that give it the current ability to direct the relevant activities of the investee)
(b) exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee, and
(c) the ability to use its power over the investee to affect its returns

When the Group has less than a majority of the voting or similar rights of an investee, the Group considers all relevant facts and circumstances in assessing whether it has power over an investee, including:

(a) the contractual arrangement with the other vote holders of the investee
(b) rights arising from other contractual arrangements
(c) the Group’s voting rights and potential voting rights

The Group re-assesses whether it controls an investee if facts and circumstances indicate that there are changes to one or more of the three elements of control.

Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the acquisition date, being the date on which the Group obtains control, and continue to be consolidated until the date that such control ceases. The financial statements of the subsidiaries are prepared for the same reporting period as the parent company, using uniform accounting policies. All intra-group balances, income and expenses, unrealized gains and losses and dividends resulting from intra-group transactions are eliminated in full.

A change in the ownership interest of a subsidiary, without a change of control, is accounted for as an equity transaction.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

Total comprehensive income of the subsidiaries is attributed to the owners of the parent and to the non-controlling interests even if this results in the non-controlling interests having a deficit balance.

If the Group loses control of a subsidiary, it:

(a) derecognizes the assets (including goodwill) and liabilities of the subsidiary
(b) derecognizes the carrying amount of any non-controlling interest
(c) recognizes the fair value of the consideration received
(d) recognizes the fair value of any investment retained
(e) reclassifies the parent's share of components previously recognized in other comprehensive income to profit or loss, or reclassifies as retained earnings according to other standards under IFRS.
(f) recognize the resulting difference in current profit or loss

The consolidated entities are listed as follows:

Investor	Subsidiary	Main businesses	Percentage of ownership (%)
			31 December 2025	31 December 2024
The Company	Tien Lung Investment Co., Ltd.	Investment company	100.00%	100.00%
The Company	UMEC Investment Co., Ltd. (UMEC (B.V.I.))	Professional investment and holding company	100.00%	100.00%
The Company	PT UMEC Green Tech Indonesia	Trading of electronic components	60.00%	60.00%
The Company	Advanced Radar Technology Co., Ltd. (ARadTek) (Note 3)	Manufacturing and trading of electronic components	84.95%	84.78%
The Company	UMEC USA, Inc. (UMEC (USA))	Research, development, and sales of electromagnetic components	99.99%	99.99%
The Company	UMEC JAPAN CO., LTD. (UMEC (JAPAN))	Promotion and sales of switching power supplies, transformers, and PCB assemblies	100.00%	100.00%
The Company	UMEC VIETNAM Co., Ltd.	Manufacturing and trading of switching power supplies, transformers, and PCB assemblies	100.00%	100.00%
UMEC (B.V.I)	UMEC (H.K.) Company Ltd. (UMEC (H.K.)) (Note 2)	Handling export shipping and logistics operations related to Mainland China	100.00%	100.00%
UMEC (B.V.I)	Global Development Company Ltd.(Global)	Professional investment and holding company	100.00%	100.00%

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

Investor	Subsidiary	Main businesses	Percentage of ownership (%)
			31 December 2025	31 December 2024
Global	JA-LONG TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. (Shenzhen)	Manufacturing and trading of switching power supplies, transformers, and PCB assemblies	100.00%	100.00%
Global	UMEC Fulong Electronics Co., Ltd. (Longyan)	Manufacturing and trading of switching power supplies and transformers	100.00%	100.00%
Global	UMEC Renlong Electronics Co., Ltd. (Meizhou) (Note 1)	Manufacturing and trading of switching power supplies and transformers	100.00%	100.00%
Tien Lung Investment Co., Ltd.	ARadTek (Note 3)	Manufacturing and trading of electronic components	10.69%	10.80%

Note 1: On 8 July 2024, the Board of Directors resolved to cease the production operations of UMEC Renlong Electronics Co., Ltd. (Meizhou) and to proceed with its dissolution and liquidation.
Note 2: On 8 May 2025, the Board of Directors reported that UMEC (H.K.) Company Ltd. has ceased operations and has proceeded with dissolution and liquidation.
Note 3: On 26 June 2025, the Board of Directors of Advanced Radar Technology Co., Ltd. resolved to increase the Company's capital by NT$5,000 thousand in cash. Certain shareholders did not subscribe in proportion to their original shareholdings.

(4) Foreign currency transactions

The Group's consolidated financial statements are presented in NT$, which is also the Company's functional currency. Each entity in the Group determines its own functional currency and items included in the financial statements of each entity are measured using that functional currency.

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Group's entities at their respective functional currency rates prevailing at the date of transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency closing rates of exchange at the reporting date. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined. Non-monetary items that are measured at historical cost in foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates as at the dates of the initial transactions.

All exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items are taken to profit or loss in the period in which they arise except for the following:

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(a) Exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings for an acquisition of a qualifying asset to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs are included in the borrowing costs that are eligible for capitalization.

(b) Foreign currency items within the scope of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments are accounted for based on the accounting policy for financial instruments.

(c) Exchange differences arising on a monetary item that forms part of a reporting entity’s net investment in a foreign operation is recognized initially in other comprehensive income and reclassified from equity to profit or loss on disposal of the net investment.

When a gain or loss on a non-monetary item is recognized in other comprehensive income, any exchange component of that gain or loss is recognized in other comprehensive income. When a gain or loss on a non-monetary item is recognized in profit or loss, any exchange component of that gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss.

(5) Translation of financial statements in foreign currency

The assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated into NT$ at the closing rate of exchange prevailing at the reporting date and their income and expenses are translated at an average rate for the period. The exchange differences arising on the translation are recognized in other comprehensive income. On the disposal of a foreign operation, the cumulative amount of the exchange differences relating to that foreign operation, recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the separate component of equity, is reclassified from equity to profit or loss when the gain or loss on disposal is recognized. The following partial disposals are accounted for as disposals:

(a) when the partial disposal involves the loss of control of a subsidiary that includes a foreign operation; and

(b) when the retained interest after the partial disposal of an interest in a joint arrangement or a partial disposal of an interest in an associate that includes a foreign operation is a financial asset that includes a foreign operation.

On the partial disposal of a subsidiary that includes a foreign operation that does not result in a loss of control, the proportionate share of the cumulative amount of the exchange differences recognized in other comprehensive income is re-attributed to the non-controlling interests in that foreign operation. In partial disposal of an associate or joint arrangement that includes a foreign operation that does not result in a loss of significant influence or joint control, only the proportionate share of the cumulative amount of the exchange differences recognized in other comprehensive income is reclassified to profit or loss.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

Any goodwill and any fair value adjustments to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities arising on the acquisition of a foreign operation are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operation and expressed in its functional currency.

(6) Current and non-current distinction

An asset is classified as current when:

(a) The Group expects to realize the asset, or intends to sell or consume it, in its normal operating cycle
(b) The Group holds the asset primarily for the purpose of trading
(c) The Group expects to realize the asset within twelve months after the reporting period
(d) The asset is cash or cash equivalent unless the asset is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is classified as current when:

(a) The Group expects to settle the liability in its normal operating cycle
(b) The Group holds the liability primarily for the purpose of trading
(c) The liability is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period
(d) The Group does not have the right at the end of the reporting period to defer settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

(7) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand, demand deposits and short-term, highly liquid time deposits or investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

(8) Financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

Financial assets and financial liabilities within the scope of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments are recognized initially at fair value plus or minus, in the case of a financial asset or financial liability not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of the financial assets or financial liabilities.

(a) Financial instruments: Recognition and Measurement

The Group accounts for regular way purchase or sales of financial assets on the trade date.

The Group classified financial assets as subsequently measured at amortized cost, fair value through other comprehensive income or fair value through profit or loss considering both factors below:

a. the Group’s business model for managing the financial assets
b. the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset

Financial assets measured at amortized cost (AC)

A financial asset is measured at amortized cost if both of the following conditions are met and presented as notes receivables, accounts receivable, financial assets measured at amortized cost, and other receivables etc., on balance sheet as at the reporting date:

a. the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and
b. the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost (the amount at which the financial asset is measured at initial recognition minus the principal repayments, plus or minus the cumulative amortization using the effective interest method of any difference between the initial amount and the maturity amount and adjusted for any loss allowance) and is not part of a hedging relationship. A gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss when the financial asset is derecognized, through the amortization process or in order to recognize the impairment gains or losses.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

Interest revenue is calculated by using the effective interest method. This is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount of a financial asset except for:

a. purchased or originated credit-impaired financial assets. For those financial assets, the Group applies the credit-adjusted effective interest rate to the amortized cost of the financial asset from initial recognition
b. financial assets that are not purchased or originated credit-impaired financial assets but subsequently have become credit-impaired financial assets. For those financial assets, the Group applies the effective interest rate to the amortized cost of the financial asset in subsequent reporting periods

Financial asset measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI)

A financial asset is measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:

a. the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and
b. the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding

Recognition of gain or loss on a financial asset measured at fair value through other comprehensive income are described as below:

a. A gain or loss on a financial asset measured at fair value through other comprehensive income recognized in other comprehensive income, except for impairment gains or losses and foreign exchange gains and losses, until the financial asset is derecognized or reclassified.
b. When the financial asset is derecognized the cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in other comprehensive income is reclassified from equity to profit or loss as a reclassification adjustment.
c. Interest revenue is calculated by using the effective interest method. This is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount of a financial asset except for:

(i) Purchased or originated credit-impaired financial assets. For those financial assets, the Group applies the credit-adjusted effective interest rate to the amortized cost of the financial asset from initial recognition.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(ii) Financial assets that are not purchased or originated credit-impaired financial assets but subsequently have become credit-impaired financial assets. For those financial assets, the Group applies the effective interest rate to the amortized cost of the financial asset in subsequent reporting periods.

Besides, for certain equity investments within the scope of IFRS 9 that is neither held for trading nor contingent consideration recognized by an acquirer in a business combination to which IFRS 3 applies, the Group made an irrevocable election to present the changes of the fair value in other comprehensive income at initial recognition. Amounts presented in other comprehensive income shall not be subsequently transferred to profit or loss (when disposal of such equity instrument, its cumulated amount included in other components of equity is transferred directly to the retained earnings) and these investments should be presented as financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income on the balance sheet. Dividends on such investment are recognized in profit or loss unless the dividends clearly represent a recovery of part of the cost of investment.

Financial asset measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Financial assets were classified as measured at amortized cost or measured at fair value through other comprehensive income based on criteria. All other financial assets were measured at fair value through profit or loss and presented on the balance sheet as financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss.

Such financial assets are measured at fair value, the gains or losses resulting from remeasurement is recognized in profit or loss which includes any dividend or interest received on such financial assets.

(b) Impairment of financial assets

The Group recognizes a loss allowance for expected credit losses on debt instrument investments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial asset measured at amortized cost. The loss allowance on debt instrument investments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income is recognized in other comprehensive income and not reduce the carrying amount in the balance sheet.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

The Group measures expected credit losses of a financial instrument in a way that reflects:

a. an unbiased and probability-weighted amount that is determined by evaluating a range of possible outcomes;
b. the time value of money; and
c. reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort at the reporting date about past events, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions.

The loss allowance is measured as follows:

a. At an amount equal to 12-month expected credit losses: the credit risk on a financial asset has not increased significantly since initial recognition or the financial asset is determined to have low credit risk at the reporting date. In addition, the Group measures the loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses in the previous reporting period, but determines at the current reporting date that the credit risk on a financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition is no longer met.
b. At an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses: the credit risk on a financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition or financial asset that is purchased or originated credit-impaired financial asset.
c. For accounts receivable or contract assets arising from transactions within the scope of IFRS 15, the Group measures the loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses.
d. For lease receivables arising from transactions within the scope of IFRS 16, the Group measures the loss allowance at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses.

At each reporting date, the Group needs to assess whether the credit risk on a financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition by comparing the risk of a default occurring at the reporting date and the risk of default occurring at initial recognition. Please refer to Note 12 for further details on credit risk.

A financial asset is derecognized when:

a. The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

b. The Group has transferred the asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset have been transferred.

c. The Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

On derecognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the carrying amount and the consideration received or receivable including any cumulative gain or loss that had been recognized in other comprehensive income, is recognized in profit or loss.

(d) Financial liabilities and equity

Classification between liabilities or equity

The Group classifies the instrument issued as a financial liability or an equity instrument in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangement and the definitions of a financial liability, and an equity instrument.

Equity instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Group are recognized at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities within the scope of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments are classified as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss or financial liabilities measured at amortized cost upon initial recognition.

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated as at fair value through profit or loss. A financial liability is classified as held for trading if:

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

a. it is acquired or incurred principally for the purpose of selling it in the near term
b. on initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that are managed together and for which there is evidence of a recent actual pattern of short-term profit-taking; or
c. it is a derivative (except for a derivative that is a financial guarantee contract or a designated and effective hedging instrument)

If a contract contains one or more embedded derivatives, the entire hybrid (combined) contract may be designated as a financial liability at fair value through profit or loss; or a financial liability may be designated as at fair value through profit or loss when doing so results in more relevant information, because either:

a. it eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency; or
b. a group of financial liabilities or financial assets and financial liabilities is managed and its performance is evaluated on a fair value basis, in accordance with a documented risk management or investment strategy, and information about the group is provided internally on that basis to the key management personnel.

Gains or losses on the subsequent measurement of liabilities at fair value through profit or loss including interest paid are recognized in profit or loss.

Financial liabilities at amortized cost

Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost include notes and accounts payable and borrowings that are subsequently measured using the effective interest rate method after initial recognition. Gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognized as well as through the effective interest rate method amortization process.

Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or transaction costs.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified (whether or not attributable to the financial difficulty of the debtor), such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability, and the difference in the respective carrying amounts and the consideration paid or payable, including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed, is recognized in profit or loss.

(e) Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the balance sheet if, and only if, there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

(9) Derivative instrument

The Group uses derivative instruments to hedge its foreign currency risks and interest rate risks. A derivative is classified in the balance sheet as assets or liabilities at fair value through profit or loss except for derivatives that are designated effective hedging instruments which are classified as derivative financial assets or liabilities for hedging.

Derivative instruments are initially recognized at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently remeasured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. The changes in fair value of derivatives are taken directly to profit or loss, except for the effective portion of hedges, which is recognized in either profit or loss or equity according to types of hedges used.

When the host contracts are either non-financial assets or liabilities, derivatives embedded in host contracts are accounted for as separate derivatives and recorded at fair value if their economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to those of the host contracts and the host contracts are not designated at fair value though profit or loss.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(10) Fair value measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

(a) In the principal market for the asset or liability, or
(b) In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Group.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant’s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Group uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.

(11) Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value item by item.

Costs incurred in bringing each inventory to its present location and condition are accounted for as follows:

Raw materials – At actual purchase cost using the weighted-average method

Finished goods and work in process – Comprising direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead. Fixed manufacturing overhead is allocated based on normal capacity. Borrowing costs are excluded. The weighted-average method is applied.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Rendering of services is accounted in accordance with IFRS 15 and not within the scope of inventories.

(12) Investments accounted for using the equity method

The Group’s investment in its associate is accounted for using the equity method other than those that meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale. An associate is an entity over which the Group has significant influence. A joint venture is a type of joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the net assets of the joint venture.

Under the equity method, the investment in the associate or an investment in a joint venture is carried in the balance sheet at cost and adjusted thereafter for the post-acquisition change in the Group’s share of net assets of the associate or joint venture. After the interest in the associate or joint venture is reduced to zero, additional losses are provided for, and a liability is recognized, only to the extent that the Group has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate or joint venture. Unrealized gains and losses resulting from transactions between the Group and the associate or joint venture are eliminated to the extent of the Group’s related interest in the associate or joint venture.

When changes in the net assets of an associate or a joint venture occur and not those that are recognized in profit or loss or other comprehensive income and do not affect the Group’s percentage of ownership interests in the associate or joint venture, the Group recognizes such changes in equity based on its percentage of ownership interests. The resulting capital surplus recognized will be reclassified to profit or loss at the time of disposing the associate or joint venture on a pro rata basis.

When the associate or joint venture issues new stock, and the Group’s interest in an associate or a joint venture is reduced or increased as the Group fails to acquire shares newly issued in the associate or joint venture proportionately to its original ownership interest, the increase or decrease in the interest in the associate or joint venture is recognized in additional paid in capital and investment accounted for using the equity method. When the interest in the associate or joint venture is reduced, the cumulative amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income are reclassified to profit or loss or other appropriate items. The aforementioned capital surplus recognized is reclassified to profit or loss on a pro rata basis when the Group disposes of the associate or joint venture.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

The financial statements of the associate or joint venture are prepared for the same reporting period as the Group. Where necessary, adjustments are made to bring the accounting policies in line with those of the Group.

The Group determines at each reporting date whether there is any objective evidence that the investment in the associate or an investment in a joint venture is impaired in accordance with IAS 28 Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures. If this is the case the Group calculates the amount of impairment as the difference between the recoverable amount of the associate or joint venture and its carrying value and recognizes the amount in the 'share of profit or loss of an associate' in the statement of comprehensive income in accordance with IAS 36 Impairment of Assets. In determining the value in use of the investment, the Group estimates:

(a) Its share of the present value of the estimated future cash flows expected to be generated by the associate or joint venture, including the cash flows from the operations of the associate and the proceeds on the ultimate disposal of the investment; or
(b) The present value of the estimated future cash flows expected to arise from dividends to be received from the investment and from its ultimate disposal.

Because goodwill that forms part of the carrying amount of an investment in an associate or an investment in a joint venture is not separately recognized, it is not tested for impairment separately by applying the requirements for impairment testing goodwill in IAS 36 Impairment of Assets.

Upon loss of significant influence over the associate or joint venture, the Group measures and recognizes any retaining investment at its fair value. Any difference between the carrying amount of the associate or joint venture upon loss of significant influence and the fair value of the retaining investment and proceeds from disposal is recognized in profit or loss. Furthermore, if an investment in an associate becomes an investment in a joint venture or an investment in a joint venture becomes an investment in an associate, the entity continues to apply the equity method and does not remeasure the retained interest.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(13) Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Such cost includes the cost of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located and borrowing costs for construction in progress if the recognition criteria are met. Each part of an item of property, plant and equipment with a cost that is significant in relation to the total cost of the item is depreciated separately. When significant parts of property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced in intervals, the Group recognized such parts as individual assets with specific useful lives and depreciation, respectively. The carrying amount of those parts that are replaced is derecognized in accordance with the derecognition provisions of IAS 16 Property, plant and equipment. When a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated economic lives of the following assets:

Buildings	20~40 years
Machinery and equipment	6~10 years
Transportation equipment	5~10 years
Office equipment	3~10 years
Other Fixed Assets	2~13 years

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognized is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset is recognized in profit or loss.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(14) Investment property

The Group’s owned investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. The carrying amount includes the cost of replacing part of an existing investment property at the time that cost is incurred if the recognition criteria are met and excludes the costs of day-to-day servicing of an investment property. Subsequent to initial recognition, other than those that meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale (or are included in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with IFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations, investment properties are measured using the cost model in accordance with the requirements of IAS 16 Property, plant and equipment for that model. If investment properties are held by a lessee as right-of-use assets and is not held for sale in accordance with IFRS 5, investment properties are measured in accordance with the requirements of IFRS 16.

Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated economic lives of the following assets:

Buildings	20 years

Investment properties are derecognized when either they have been disposed of or when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from its disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognized in profit or loss in the period of derecognition.

The Group transfers properties to or from investment properties according to the actual use of the properties.

The Group transfers to or from investment properties when there is a change in use for these assets. Properties are transferred to or from investment properties when the properties meet, or cease to meet, the definition of investment property and there is evidence of the change in use.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(15) Leases

The Group assesses whether the contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time, the Group assesses whether, throughout the period of use, has both of the following:

(a) the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the identified asset; and
(b) the right to direct the use of the identified asset.

For a contract that is, or contains, a lease, the Group accounts for each lease component within the contract as a lease separately from non-lease components of the contract. For a contract that contains a lease component and one or more additional lease or non-lease components, the Group allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease component on the basis of the relative stand-alone price of the lease component and the aggregate stand-alone price of the non-lease components. The relative stand-alone price of lease and non-lease components shall be determined on the basis of the price the lessor, or a similar supplier, would charge the Group for that component, or a similar component, separately. If an observable stand-alone price is not readily available, the Group estimates the stand-alone price, maximizing the use of observable information.

Group as a lessee

Except for leases that meet and elect short-term leases or leases of low-value assets, the Group recognizes right-of-use asset and lease liability for all leases which the Group is the lessee of those lease contracts.

At the commencement date, the Group measures the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at that date. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if that rate can be readily determined. If that rate cannot be readily determined, the Group uses its incremental borrowing rate. At the commencement date, the lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the following payments for the right to use the underlying asset during the lease term that are not paid at the commencement date:

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(a) fixed payments (including in-substance fixed payments), less any lease incentives receivable;
(b) variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date;
(c) amounts expected to be payable by the lessee under residual value guarantees;
(d) the exercise price of a purchase option if the Group is reasonably certain to exercise that option; and
(e) payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the lessee exercising an option to terminate the lease.

After the commencement date, the Group measures the lease liability on an amortized cost basis, which increases the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability by using an effective interest method; and reduces the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made.

At the commencement date, the Group measures the right-of-use asset at cost. The cost of the right-of-use asset comprises:

(a) the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability;
(b) any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, less any lease incentives received;
(c) any initial direct costs incurred by the lessee; and
(d) an estimate of costs to be incurred by the lessee in dismantling and removing the underlying asset, restoring the site on which it is located or restoring the underlying asset to the condition required by the terms and conditions of the lease.

For subsequent measurement of the right-of-use asset, the Group measures the right-of-use asset at cost less any accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. That is, the Group measures the right-of-use applying a cost model.

If the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the Group by the end of the lease term or if the cost of the right-of-use asset reflects that the Group will exercise a purchase option, the Group depreciates the right-of-use asset from the commencement date to the end of the useful life of the underlying asset. Otherwise, the Group depreciates the right-of-use asset from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

The Group applies IAS 36 “Impairment of Assets” to determine whether the right-of-use asset is impaired and to account for any impairment loss identified.

Except for those leases that the Group accounted for as short-term leases or leases of low-value assets, the Group presents right-of-use assets and lease liabilities in the balance sheet and separately presents lease-related interest expense and depreciation charge in the statement of comprehensive income.

For short-term leases or leases of low-value assets, the Group elects to recognize the lease payments associated with those leases as an expense on either a straight-line basis over the lease term or another systematic basis.

Group as a lessor

At inception of a contract, the Group classifies each of its leases as either an operating lease or a finance lease. A lease is classified as a finance lease if it transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an underlying asset. A lease is classified as an operating lease if it does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an underlying asset. At the commencement date, the Group recognizes assets held under a finance lease in its balance sheet and present them as a receivable at an amount equal to the net investment in the lease.

For a contract that contains lease components and non-lease components, the Group allocates the consideration in the contract applying IFRS 15.

The Group recognizes lease payments from operating leases as rental income on either a straight-line basis or another systematic basis. Variable lease payments for operating leases that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognized as rental income when incurred.

(16) Intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. The cost of intangible assets acquired in a business combination is its fair value as at the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangible assets, excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalized and expenditure is reflected in profit or loss for the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life is reviewed at least at the end of each financial year. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset is accounted for by changing the amortization period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are recognized in profit or loss when the asset is derecognized.

A summary of the policies applied to the Group’s intangible assets is as follows:

	Patents	Computer software	Other intangible Assets
Useful lives	10 years	10 years	2~5 years
Amortization method used	Amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of the patent	Amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life	Amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life
Internally generated or acquired	Acquired	Acquired	Acquired

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(17) Impairment of non-financial assets

The Group assesses at the end of each reporting period whether there is any indication that an asset in the scope of IAS 36 Impairment of Assets may be impaired. If any such indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Group estimates the asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or cash-generating unit’s (“CGU”) fair value less costs to sell and its value in use and is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

For assets excluding goodwill, an assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any indication that previously recognized impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the Group estimates the asset’s or cash-generating unit’s recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been an increase in the estimated service potential of an asset which in turn increases the recoverable amount. However, the reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years.

An impairment loss of continuing operations or a reversal of such impairment loss is recognized in profit or loss.

(18) Provisions

Provisions are recognized when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Where the Group expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, the reimbursement is recognized as a separate asset but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects the risks specific to the liability. Where discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

The liability to pay a levy is recognized progressively if the obligating event occurs over a period of time.

(19) Treasury shares

Own equity instruments which are reacquired (treasury shares) are recognized at cost and deducted from equity. Any difference between the carrying amount and the consideration is recognized in equity.

(20) Revenue recognition

The Group’s revenue from contracts with customers mainly arises from the sale of goods. The accounting policies are explained as follows:

Sale of goods

The Group manufactures and sells goods. Sales are recognized when control of the goods is transferred to the customer and the goods are delivered to the customers. Revenue from the sale of goods is recognized based on the prices stipulated in the contracts.

The credit period of the Group’s sale of goods is from 10 to 150 days. For most of the contracts, when the Group transfers the goods to customers and has a right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional, these contracts are recognized as accounts receivable. The Group usually collects the payments shortly after transfer of goods to customers; therefore, there is no significant financing component to the contract. For some of the contracts, the Group has transferred the goods to customers but does not have a right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional, these contracts should be presented as contract assets. Besides, in accordance with IFRS 9, the Group measures the loss allowance for a contract asset at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(21) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of those assets. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.

(22) Government grants

Government grants are recognized where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all attached conditions will be complied with. Where the grant relates to an asset, it is recognized as deferred income and released to income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognized as income over the period necessary to match the grant on a systematic basis to the costs that it is intended to compensate.

Where the Group receives non-monetary grants, the asset and the grant are recorded gross at nominal amounts and released to the statement of comprehensive income over the expected useful life and pattern of consumption of the benefit of the underlying asset by equal annual installments. Where loans or similar assistance are provided by governments or related institutions with an interest rate below the current applicable market rate, the effect of this favorable interest is regarded as additional government grant.

(23) Post-employment benefits

All regular employees of the Company and its domestic subsidiaries are entitled to a pension plan that is managed by an independently administered pension fund committee. Fund assets are deposited under the committee's name in the specific bank account and hence, not associated with the Company and its domestic subsidiaries. Therefore, fund assets are not included in the Group's consolidated financial statements. Pension benefits for employees of the overseas subsidiaries and the branches are provided in accordance with the respective local regulations.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

For the defined contribution plan, the Company and its domestic subsidiaries will make a monthly contribution of no less than 6% of the monthly wages of the employee subject to the plan. The Company recognizes expenses for the defined contribution plan in the period in which the contribution becomes due. Overseas subsidiaries and branches make contribution to the plan based on the requirements of local regulations.

Post-employment benefit plan that is classified as a defined benefit plan uses the Projected Unit Credit Method to measure its obligations and costs based on actuarial assumptions. Re-measurements, comprising of the effect of the actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling (excluding net interest) and the return on plan assets, excluding net interest, are recognized as other comprehensive income with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings in the period in which they occur. Past service costs are recognized in profit or loss on the earlier of:

(a) the date of the plan amendment or curtailment, and
(b) the date that the Group recognizes restructuring-related costs or termination benefits

Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset, both as determined at the start of the annual reporting period, taking account of any changes in the net defined benefit liability (asset) during the period as a result of contribution and benefit payment.

(24) Income taxes

Income tax expense (benefit) is the aggregate amount included in the determination of profit or loss for the period in respect of current tax and deferred tax.

Current income tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities, using the tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. Current income tax relating to items recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity is recognized in other comprehensive income or equity and not in profit or loss.

The income tax for undistributed earnings is recognized as income tax expense on the date when the distribution proposal is approved by the Shareholders' meeting.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided on temporary differences at the reporting date between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences, except:

(a) Where the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination; at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss; and at the time of the transaction, does not give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences.

(b) In respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint arrangements, where the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses, to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized, except:

(a) Where the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination; at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss; and at the time of the transaction, does not give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences.

(b) In respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint arrangements, deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilized.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. The measurement of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities. Deferred tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss. Deferred tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. Deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and are recognized accordingly.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current income tax assets against current income tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

According to the temporary exception in the International Tax Reform – Pillar Two Model Rules (Amendments to IAS 12), information about deferred tax assets and liabilities related to Pillar Two income tax will neither be recognized nor be disclosed.

Significant accounting judgments, estimates and assumptions

The preparation of the Group’s consolidated financial statements required management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. However, uncertainty about these assumption and estimate could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of the asset or liability affected in future periods.

(1) Judgement

In the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies, management has made the following judgements, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements:

De facto control without a majority of the voting rights in invested companies

The Group is the largest shareholder of the invested company with less than 50% equity interest and assessed that it has no control of the invested company and only has significant influence, please refer to Note 6(7) for further details.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(2) Estimates and assumptions

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below:

(a) Fair value of financial instruments

Where the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be derived from active markets, they are determined using valuation techniques including the income approach (for example the discounted cash flow model) or market approach. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of the financial instruments. Please refer to Note 12 for more details.

(b) Impairment of non-financial assets

An impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. The fair value less costs to sell calculation is based on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date less incremental costs that would be directly attributable to the disposal of the asset or cash generating unit. The value in use calculation is based on a discounted cash flow model. The cash flows projections are derived from the budget for the next five years and do not include restructuring activities that the Group is not yet committed to or significant future investments that will enhance the asset's performance of the cash generating unit being tested. The recoverable amount is most sensitive to the discount rate used for the discounted cash flow model as well as the expected future cash-inflows and the growth rate used for extrapolation purposes. The principal assumptions used to determine the recoverable amounts of different cash-generating units, including sensitivity analysis, are explained in detail in Note 6.

The cost of post-employment benefit and the present value of the pension obligation under defined benefit pension plans are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions. These include the determination of the discount rate and changes of the future salary etc. Please refer to Note 6 for more details.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(d) Income tax

Uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation of complex tax regulations and the amount and timing of future taxable income. Given the wide range of international business relationships and the long-term nature and complexity of existing contractual agreements, differences arising between the actual results and the assumptions made, or future changes to such assumptions, could necessitate future adjustments to tax income and expense already recorded. The Group establishes provisions, based on reasonable estimates, for possible consequences of audits by the tax authorities of the respective counties in which it operates. The amount of such provisions is based on various factors, such as experience of previous tax audits and differing interpretations of tax regulations by the taxable entity and the responsible tax authority. Such differences of interpretation may arise on a wide variety of issues depending on the conditions prevailing in the respective Group company's domicile.

Deferred tax assets are recognized for all carryforward of unused tax losses, tax credits and deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available or there are sufficient taxable temporary differences against which the unused tax losses, unused tax credits or deductible temporary differences can be utilized. The amount of deferred tax assets determined to be recognized is based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits and taxable temporary differences together with future tax planning strategies.

(e) Accounts receivable – estimation of impairment loss

The Group estimates the impairment loss of accounts receivable at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses. The credit loss is the present value of the difference between the contractual cash flows that are due under the contract (carrying amount) and the cash flows that expects to receive (evaluate forward looking information). However, as the impact from the discounting of short-term receivables is not material, the credit loss is measured by the undiscounted cash flows. Where the actual future cash flows are lower than expected, a material impairment loss may arise. Please refer to Note 6 for more details.

(f) Inventories

Estimates of net realizable value of inventories take into consideration that inventories may be damaged, become wholly or partially obsolete, or their selling prices have declined. The estimates are based on the most reliable evidence available at the time the estimates are made. Please refer to Note 6 for more details.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

Contents of significant accounts

(1) Cash and cash equivalents

	As of 31 December
	2025	2024
Cash on hand	$997	$1,364
Cash equivalents	11	-
Demand deposits	865,205	728,212
Total	$866,213	$729,576

(2) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

	As of 31 December
	2025	2024
Mandatorily measured at FVTPL:
Stocks	$99,939	$72,687
Bonds	49,864	36,985
Total	$149,803	$109,672

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss were not pledged.

(3) Financial assets at amortized cost

	As of 31 December
	2025	2024
Time deposits	$137,435	$62,785
Repurchase agreements	1,995	-
Total	$139,430	$62,785

The Group classified certain financial assets as financial assets at amortized cost. Please refer to Note 12 for more details on credit risk management.

Financial assets at amortized cost were not pledged.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(4) Accounts receivable and accounts receivable from related parties

	As of 31 December
	2025	2024
Accounts receivable	$586,673	$617,549
Less: loss allowance	-	-
Subtotal	586,673	617,549
Accounts receivable from related parties	458	442
Total	$587,131	$617,991

Accounts receivable were not pledged.

The credit period extended to customers by the Group is typically between 10 and 150 days. The total carrying amount as of 31 December 2025 and 2024, were NT$587,131 thousand and NT$617,991 thousand, respectively. Please refer to Note 6(16) for more details on loss allowance of accounts receivable for the years ended 31 December 2025 and 2024. Please refer to Note 12 for more details on credit risk management.

(5) Inventories

	As of 31 December
	2025	2024
Raw materials	$545,272	$817,432
Supplies & parts	31,113	33,762
Semi-finished goods	18,895	16,729
Work in process	146,833	118,310
Finished goods	182,411	216,734
Total	$924,524	$1,202,967

The cost of inventories recognized as cost of sales for the years ended 31 December 2025 and 2024 were NT$2,836,286 thousand and NT$2,838,031 thousand, respectively, including inventory write-downs of NT$4,484 thousand and NT$16,549 thousand, respectively.

No inventories were pledged.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(6) Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

	As of 31 December
	2025	2024
Investments in equity instruments at FVOCI – non-current:
Listed companies’ stocks	$82,499	$93,166
Emerging companies’ stocks	13,372	41,936
Unlisted companies’ stocks	53,478	55,117
Total	$149,349	$190,219

The Group’s dividend income related to investments in equity instrument at fair value through other comprehensive income for the years ended 31 December 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

	For the years ended 31 December
	2025	2024
Related to investments held at the end of the reporting period	$7,070	$3,761
Related to investments derecognized during the period	-	-
Dividends recognized during the period	$7,070	$3,761

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income were not pledged.

(7) Investments accounted for using the equity method

The following table lists the investments accounted for using the equity method of the Group:

	As of 31 December
	2025		2024
Investees	Carrying amount	Percentage of ownership (%)	Carrying amount	Percentage of ownership (%)
Lightel Corporation	$149,011	20.51%	$78,745	23.55%
Poris Electronics Co., Ltd	9,948	33.55%	6,249	33.55%
PT. SINERGI CERDAS TECHNOLOGY	-	49.00%	-	49.00%
Total	$158,959		$84,994

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

Although the Group is the largest shareholder of Lightel Corporation, decisions regarding relevant activities must be approved by the majority voting rights at the relevant shareholders' meeting. In this situation, it shows that the Group does not have the actual ability to unilaterally dominate the relevant activities. Therefore, the Group has no control of Lightel Corporation and only has significant influence over Lightel Corporation.

During 2025, Lightel Corporation increased its share capital; however, the Group did not subscribe for the newly issued shares in proportion to its shareholding. As a result, the Group's ownership interest decreased from 23.55% to 20.51%, and capital surplus of NT$47,940 thousand was recognized.

Fair value based on quoted market prices: Lightel Corporation was listed on the Taipei Exchange on 17 November 2025. The fair value of the Group's investment in Lightel Corporation accounted for using the equity method amounted to NT$1,832,071 thousand as at 31 December 2025.

The Group's investments in the companies above are not individually material. The aggregate financial information of the Group's share of its associates is as follows:

	For the years ended 31 December
	2025	2024
Profit from continuing operations	$32,540	$17,864
Other comprehensive loss (net of tax)	(1,433)	(130)
Total comprehensive income	$31,107	$17,734

The associates had no contingent liabilities capital commitments, nor had they provided any guarantees as of 31 December 2025 and 2024.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(8) Property, plant and equipment

	Land and land Improvements	Buildings	Machinery and equipment	Transportation equipment	Office equipment	Mold equipment	Other equipment	Leasehold improvements	Construction in progress and equipment pending examination	Total
Cost:
As of 1 January 2025	$159,997	$1,250,669	$1,161,383	$17,821	$102,811	$117,995	$320,285	$2,122	$-	$3,133,083
Additions	-	-	9,033	185	1,727	4,988	439	-	-	16,372
Transfers	-	(646)	7,866	-	127	160	1,828	-	-	9,335
Disposals	-	-	(42,660)	(2,347)	(5,376)	(145)	(37,350)	-	-	(87,878)
Exchange differences	-	(21,095)	(11,662)	15	(2,248)	324	19	(10)	-	(34,657)
As of 31 December 2025	$159,997	$1,228,928	$1,123,960	$15,674	$97,041	$123,322	$285,221	$2,112	$-	$3,036,255
Depreciation and impairment:
As of 1 January 2025	$(449)	$(805,011)	$(863,414)	$(12,125)	$(79,624)	$(114,327)	$(258,462)	$(1,897)	$-	$(2,135,309)
Depreciation	-	(34,374)	(64,877)	(1,517)	(8,301)	(2,874)	(9,882)	(65)	-	(121,890)
Disposals	-	-	41,259	2,347	5,344	145	37,328	-	-	86,423
Transfers	-	514	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	514
Exchange differences	-	10,136	5,434	(15)	1,451	(36)	(38)	3	-	16,935
As of 31 December 2025	$(449)	$(828,735)	$(881,598)	$(11,310)	$(81,130)	$(117,092)	$(231,054)	$(1,959)	$-	$(2,153,327)
Cost:
As of 1 January 2024	$159,997	$1,148,850	$1,292,646	$13,795	$107,436	$116,515	$279,334	$2,129	$70,932	$3,191,634
Additions	-	-	21,775	-	8,404	1,424	1,747	-	2,666	36,016
Transfers	-	66,705	17,996	3,949	-	618	38,643	-	(73,598)	54,313
Disposals	-	-	(203,500)	(47)	(15,887)	(624)	(4,804)	-	-	(224,862)
Exchange differences	-	35,114	32,466	124	2,858	62	5,365	(7)	-	75,982
As of 31 December 2024	$159,997	$1,250,669	$1,161,383	$17,821	$102,811	$117,995	$320,285	$2,122	$-	$3,133,083
Depreciation and impairment:
As of 1 January 2024	$(449)	$(753,239)	$(962,392)	$(11,068)	$(85,277)	$(112,004)	$(248,980)	$(1,732)	$-	$(2,175,141)
Depreciation	-	(37,774)	(71,642)	(977)	(8,180)	(2,881)	(9,061)	(164)	-	(130,679)
Disposals	-	-	192,619	42	15,751	619	4,722	-	-	213,753
Transfers	-	5,305	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5,305
Exchange differences	-	(19,303)	(21,999)	(122)	(1,918)	(61)	(5,143)	(1)	-	(48,547)
As of 31 December 2024	$(449)	$(805,011)	$(863,414)	$(12,125)	$(79,624)	$(114,327)	$(258,462)	$(1,897)	$-	$(2,135,309)
Net carrying amount as at:
31 December 2025	$159,548	$400,193	$242,362	$4,364	$15,911	$6,230	$54,167	$153	$-	$882,928
31 December 2024	$159,548	$445,658	$297,969	$5,696	$23,187	$3,668	$61,823	$225	$-	$997,774

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

The major components of the Group’s buildings mainly comprise the main structures and plant works, which are depreciated separately over their respective useful lives of 20 to 40 years and 4 to 18 years, respectively.

Please refer to Note 8 for more details on property, plant and equipment under pledge.

The Group has not required interest capitalization on the acquisition of property, plant and equipment.

(9) Investment property

	Land	Building	Right-of-use assets	Total
Cost:
As of 1 January 2025	$86,096	$102,029	$6,018	$194,143
Reclassification	-	646	-	646
Held as right-of-use assets		-	7,351	7,351
Exchange differences	-	416	88	504
As of 31 December 2025	$86,096	$103,091	$13,457	$202,644
As of 1 January 2024	$86,096	$91,912	$9,651	$187,659
Reclassification	-	6,893	(3,960)	2,933
Exchange differences	-	3,224	327	3,551
As of 31 December 2024	$86,096	$102,029	$6,018	$194,143
Depreciation and impairment:
As of 1 January 2025	$ -	$(74,351)	$(4,766)	$(79,117)
Depreciation	-	(2,727)	(211)	(2,938)
Reclassification	-	(514)	-	(514)
Other		-	(6,088)	(6,088)
Exchange differences	-	(365)	(79)	(444)
As of 31 December 2025	$ -	$(77,957)	$(11,144)	$(89,101)
As of 1 January 2024	$ -	$(64,198)	$(7,294)	$(71,492)
Depreciation	-	(2,585)	(360)	(2,945)
Reclassification	-	(5,305)	3,136	(2,169)
Exchange differences	-	(2,263)	(248)	(2,511)
As of 31 December 2024	$ -	$(74,351)	$(4,766)	$(79,117)

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

Net carrying amount as at:
As of 31 December 2025
As of 31 December 2024

$86,096	$25,134	$2,313	$113,543
$86,096	$27,678	$1,252	$115,026

Please refer to Note 8 for more details on investment property under pledge.

The fair value of investment properties amounted to NT$572,572 thousand and NT$531,256 thousand for the years ended 31 December 2025 and 2024. The aforementioned fair values were determined by independent external valuation experts and evaluated based on recent transaction prices of comparable properties obtained from the Ministry of the Interior's real estate transaction actual price inquiry. The valuation method employed was the comparison approach, with the primary input being the price per ping.

(10) Short-term borrowings

	As of 31 December
	2025	2024
Unsecured bank loans	$-	$70,000
	As of 31 December
Interest rates applied	2025	2024
Unsecured bank loans	-%	1.88%

The Group's unused short-term lines of credits amounted to NT$1,919,276 thousand and NT$1,433,145 thousand as of 31 December 2025 and 2024, respectively.

(11) Other payables

	As of 31 December
	2025	2024
Wages and salaries payable	$97,963	$101,503
Insurance expense payable	7,092	8,514
Pension expense payable	4,398	16,017
Employee bonus payable	4,319	-
Compensation due to directors	1,440	-
Others	47,331	52,736
Total	$162,543	$178,770

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(12) Long-term borrowings

Details of long-term borrowings as of 31 December 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

Lenders	Maturity date	As of 31 December
		2025	2024
Mega International Commercial Bank	2033/11/13	$799,352	$879,939
Chang Hwa Commercial Bank	2029/06/23	222,874	386,098
Bank of Taiwan	2029/07/22	89,583	135,417
Taiwan Cooperative Bank	2028/11/11	145,965	22,762
First Commercial Bank	2027/04/15	19,606	36,152
Taichung Commercial Bank	2027/06/17	-	42,000
Hua Nan Commercial Bank	2026/02/03	-	100,000
Subtotal		1,277,380	1,602,368
Less: current portion		(235,573)	(369,851)
Total		$1,041,807	$1,232,517
		As of 31 December
		2025	2024
Interest rates applied		2.02%-2.19%	2.02%-2.52%

Please refer to Note 8 for more details on property, plant and equipment and investment property under pledge.

(13) Post-employment benefits

Defined contribution plan

The Company and its domestic subsidiaries adopt a defined contribution plan in accordance with the Labor Pension Act of the R.O.C. Under the Labor Pension Act, the Company and its domestic subsidiaries will make monthly contributions of no less than 6% of the employees' monthly wages to the employees' individual pension accounts. The Company and its domestic subsidiaries have made monthly contributions of 6% of each individual employee's salaries or wages to employees' pension accounts.

Subsidiaries located in China will contribute social welfare benefits based on a certain percentage of employees' salaries or wages to the employees' individual pension accounts.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

Pension benefits for employees of overseas subsidiaries and branches are provided in accordance with the local regulations.

Pension expenses under the defined contribution plan for the years ended 31 December 2025 and 2024 were NT$17,117 thousand and NT$36,671 thousand, respectively.

Defined benefits plan

The Company and its domestic subsidiaries adopt a defined benefit plan in accordance with the Labor Standards Act of the R.O.C. The pension benefits are disbursed based on the units of service years and the average salaries in the last month of the service year. Two units per year are awarded for the first 15 years of services while one unit per year is awarded after the completion of the 15th year. The total units shall not exceed 45 units. Under the Labor Standards Act, the Company and its domestic subsidiaries contribute an amount equivalent to 2% of the employees' total salaries and wages on a monthly basis to the pension fund deposited at the Bank of Taiwan in the name of the administered pension fund committee. Before the end of each year, the Company and its domestic subsidiaries assess the balance in the designated labor pension fund. If the amount is inadequate to pay pensions calculated for workers retiring in the same year, the Company and its domestic subsidiaries will make up the difference in one appropriation before the end of March the following year.

The Ministry of Labor is in charge of establishing and implementing the fund utilization plan in accordance with the Regulations for Revenues, Expenditures, Safeguard and Utilization of the Labor Retirement Fund. The pension fund is invested in-house or under discretionary accounts, based on a passive-aggressive investment strategy for long-term profitability. The Ministry of Labor establishes checks and risk management mechanism based on the assessment of risk factors including market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk, in order to maintain adequate manager flexibility to achieve targeted return without overexposure of risk. With regard to utilization of the pension fund, the minimum earnings in the annual distributions on the final financial statement shall not be less than the earnings attainable from the amounts accrued from two-year time deposits with the interest rates offered by local banks. Treasury Funds can be used to cover the deficits after the approval of the competent authority. As the Company does not participate in the operation and management of the pension fund, no disclosure on the fair value of the plan assets categorized in different classes could be made in accordance with paragraph 142 of IAS 19. As of 31 December 2025, the Group's defined benefit plan is not expected to make any contributions in the next fiscal year.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

The weighted average duration of the defined benefits obligation was 6 years as of 31 December 2025.

Pension costs recognized in profit or loss are as follows:

	For the years ended 31 December
	2025	2024
Current service cost	$31	$32
Net interest on net defined benefit liability (asset)	3	436
Total	$34	$468

The reconciliation of the present value of the defined benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets is as follows:

	As of
	31 Dec. 2025	31 Dec. 2024	1 Jan. 2024
Defined benefit obligations	$121,146	$153,873	$167,784
Fair value of plan assets	(132,551)	(153,664)	(118,350)
Other non-current assets - net defined benefit asset	$11,405	$ -	$ -
Other non-current liabilities - net defined benefit liability	$ -	$209	$49,434

Reconciliation of net defined benefit liability (asset):

	Defined benefit obligations	Fair value of plan assets	Net defined benefit liability (asset)
As of 1 January 2024	$167,784	(118,350)	49,434
Current service cost	32	-	32
Interest expense (income)	1,678	(1,242)	436
Past service cost and gains or losses on settlement	-	-	-
Subtotal	169,494	(119,592)	49,902

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

	Defined benefit obligations	Fair value of plan assets	Net defined benefit liability (asset)
Remeasurements of the defined benefit liability /asset:
Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in demographic assumptions	-	-	-
Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in financial assumptions	(1,377)	-	(1,377)
Experience adjustments	(8,290)	-	(8,290)
Remeasurements of the defined benefit asset	-	(11,384)	(11,384)
Subtotal	(9,667)	(11,384)	(21,051)
Payments of benefit obligation	(5,954)	5,954	-
Contributions by employer	-	(28,642)	(28,642)
As of 31 December 2024	153,873	(153,664)	209
Current service costs	31	-	31
Interest expense (income)	1,923	(1,920)	3
Past service cost and gains or losses on settlement	-	-	-
Subtotal	155,827	(155,584)	243
Remeasurements of the defined benefit liability /asset:
Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in demographic assumptions	-	-	-
Actuarial gains and losses arising from changes in financial assumptions	(203)	-	(203)
Experience adjustments	1,268	-	1,268
Remeasurements of the defined benefit asset	-	(10,909)	(10,909)
Subtotal	1,065	(10,909)	(9,844)
Payments of benefit obligation	(35,746)	35,746	-
Contributions by employer	-	(1,804)	(1,804)
As of 31 December 2025	$121,146	$(132,551)	$(11,405)

The principal assumptions used in determining the Company's defined benefit plan are shown below:

	As of 31 December
	2025	2024
Discount rate	1.30%	1.25%
Expected rate of salary increases	2.00%	2.00%

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

Sensitivity analysis for significant assumption is shown below:

	For the years ended 31 December
	2025		2024
	Increase in defined benefit obligation	Decrease in defined benefit obligation	Increase in defined benefit obligation	Decrease in defined benefit obligation
Discount rate increased by 0.50%	$ -	$1,976	$ -	$2,664
Discount rate decreased by 0.50%	2,063	-	2,786	-
Future salary increased by 0.50%	2,064	-	2,790	-
Future salary decreased by 0.50%	-	1,997	-	2,696

The sensitivity analyses above were based on a change in a significant assumption (for example: change in discount rate or future salary), keeping all other assumptions constant. The sensitivity analyses might not have been representative of an actual change in the defined benefit obligation, as it was unlikely that changes in assumptions would have occurred in isolation of one another.

There was no change in the methods and assumptions used in preparing the sensitivity analyses compared to the previous period.

(14) Equity

(a) Share capital

The Company's authorized capital and the issued capital was NT$2,207,460 thousand and NT$1,273,592 thousand in a total of 220,746 thousand shares and 127,359 thousand shares as of 31 December 2025 and 2024. Each share has one voting right and a right to receive dividends.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(b) Capital surplus

	As of 31 December
	2025	2024
Additional paid-in capital	$335,197	$335,197
Treasury share transactions	34,068	34,058
Changes in ownership interests in subsidiaries	(588)	(564)
Changes in equity of associates and joint ventures accounted for using the equity method	52,318	4,378
Total	$420,995	$373,069

According to the Company Act, the capital reserve shall not be used except for making good the deficit of the company. When a company incurs no loss, it may distribute the capital reserves related to the income derived from the issuance of new shares at a premium or income from endowments received by the company. The distribution could be made in cash or in the form of dividend shares to its shareholders in proportion to the number of shares being held by each of them.

Changes in treasury shares during the period from 1 January 2025 to 31 December 2025 were as follows:

	Unit: thousand shares
	From 1 January 2025 to 31 December 2025
Reason for repurchase	Beginning balance	Increase during the year	Decrease during the year	Ending balance
Transfer of shares to employees	538	-	(538)	-

No changes occurred during the period from 1 January 2024 to 31 December 2024.

(i) As of 31 December 2025 and 31 December 2024, the Company held treasury shares amounting to NT$0 thousand and NT$6,151 thousand, respectively, representing 0 thousand shares and 538 thousand shares, respectively.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(ii) On 25 March 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors resolved to repurchase treasury shares for the purpose of transferring such shares to employees. From 26 March 2020 to 25 May 2020, the Company repurchased a total of 538 thousand shares at an average purchase price of NT$11.45 per share, with an aggregate purchase cost of NT$6,151 thousand. On 11 March 2025, the Board of Directors resolved to set 12 March 2025 as the record date for employee share subscription, and the 538 thousand treasury shares were transferred to employees.

(iii) According to the Securities and Exchange Act, the number of shares bought back under the preceding paragraphs may not exceed ten percent of the total number of issued and outstanding shares of the company. The total amount of the shares bought back may not exceed the amount of retained earnings plus premium on capital stock plus realized capital reserve.

(d) Retained earnings and dividend policies

According to the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, current year’s earnings, if any, shall be distributed in the following order:

a. Payment of all taxes and dues
b. Offset prior years’ operation losses
c. Set aside 10% as legal reserve
d. Set aside or reverse special reserve in accordance with law and regulations
e. The distribution of the remaining portion, if any, will be recommended by the Board of Directors and resolved in the shareholders’ meeting.

As the Company is undergoing a growth stage, the policy of dividend distribution should reflect its long-term financial planning. Shareholder dividends may be distributed in the form of cash or stock, provided that cash dividends shall not be less than 10% of the total dividends distributed.

According to the Company Act, the Company needs to set aside amount to legal reserve unless where such legal reserve amounts to the total paid-in capital. The legal reserve can be used to make good the deficit of the Company. When the Company incurs no loss, it may distribute the portion of legal serve which exceeds 25% of the paid-in capital by issuing new shares or by cash in proportion to the number of shares being held by each of the shareholders.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

When distributing distributable earnings, the Company shall, in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, appropriate a special reserve for the difference between the balance of the special reserve recognized upon the first-time adoption of IFRSs and the net amount of other equity reductions. Subsequently, when the net amount of other equity reductions is reversed, the Company may reverse the special reserve corresponding to such reversal and distribute the earnings accordingly.

On 31 March 2021, the FSC issued Order No. Financial-Supervisory-Securities-Corporate-1090150022, which sets out the following provisions for compliance:

On a public company's first-time adoption of the IFRS, for any unrealized revaluation gains and cumulative translation adjustments (gains) recorded to shareholders' equity that the company elects to transfer to retained earnings by application of the exemption under IFRS 1, the company shall set aside special reserve. For any subsequent use, disposal or reclassification of related assets, the Company can reverse the special reserve by the proportion of the special reserve first appropriated and distribute it. Due to the adoption of IFRSs for the first time on the conversion date, the Company's retained earnings had become negative. Therefore, there was no need to allocate a special surplus reserve.

Details of the 2025 and 2024 earnings distribution and dividends per share as approved and resolved by the Board of Directors' meeting and shareholders' meeting on 5 March 2026 and 19 June 2025, respectively, are as follows:

	Appropriation of earnings		Dividend per share (NT$)
	For the years ended 31 December		For the years ended 31 December
	2025	2024	2025	2024
Appropriation to legal reserve	$ 6,036	$ -
Appropriation to special reserve	49,586	6,232
Cash dividends on ordinary share	63,680	-	$0.5	$ -

Please refer to Note 6(18) for details on employees' compensation and remuneration to directors.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(e) Non-controlling interests

	For the years ended 31 December
	2025	2024
Beginning balance	$255	$627
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	(95)	(372)
Other comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests:
Changes in ownership interests in subsidiaries	216	-
Ending balance	$376	$255

(15) Revenue

	For the years ended 31 December
	2025	2024
Revenue from contracts with customers
Sales of goods	$3,326,793	$3,213,357
Other operating revenue	17,966	17,668
Total	$3,344,759	$3,231,025

Analyses of revenue from contracts with customers for the years ended 31 December 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

(a) Disaggregation of revenue

For the year ended 31 December 2025

	Magnetic Component & Power product department	Information and communication product department	Optical Communication Product Office	Other departments	Total
Sales of goods	$1,890,136	$1,428,677	$7,980	$ -	$3,326,793
Other operating revenue	-	-	-	17,966	17,966
Total	$1,890,136	$1,428,677	$7,980	$17,966	$3,344,759

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

For the year ended 31 December 2024

	Magnetic Component & Power product department	Information and communication product department	Optical Communication Product Office	Others department	Total
Sales of goods	$1,725,660	$1,476,393	$11,304	$ -	$3,213,357
Other operating revenue	-	-	-	17,668	17,668
Total	$1,725,660	$1,476,393	$11,304	$17,668	$3,231,025

The Group recognizes sales revenue when control of goods has been transferred to the customer at a point in time.

(b) Contract balances

a. Contract assets – current

As of 31 December 2025 and 2024, the Group did not have any contract assets.

b. Contract liabilities – current

	2025.12.31	2024.12.31	2024.1.1
Sales of goods	$53,831	$54,853	$60,207

The significant changes in the Group’s balances of contract liabilities for the years ended 31 December 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

	For the years ended 31 December
	2025	2024
The opening balance transferred to revenue	$(34,156)	$(52,806)
Increase in receipts in advance during the period (excluding the amount incurred and transferred to revenue during the period)	33,134	47,452

As of 31 December 2025, since the duration of all customer contracts for the sale of goods are shorter than one year, it is not required to disclose information related to unrecognized performance obligations.

(d) Assets recognized from costs to fulfil a contract

None.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(16) Expected credit loss

	For the years ended 31 December
	2025	2024
Operating expenses – expected credit loss
Accounts receivable	$16	$1,037

Please refer to Note 12 for more details on credit risk.

The Group measures the loss allowance of its receivables (including notes receivable and accounts receivable) at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit losses. The assessment of the Group’s loss allowance as of 31 December 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

The historical credit loss experience of notes and accounts receivable indicates no significant difference in loss patterns among different customer groups. Therefore, the provision for expected credit losses is measured without distinguishing groups and based on the expected credit loss rates. Relevant information is as follows:

31 December 2025

	Not yet due (note)	Overdue					Total
		<=30 days	31-60 days	61-90 days	91-120 days	>=121 days
Gross carrying amount	$555,217	$27,537	$2,772	$1,809	$717	$757	$588,809
Loss ratio	- %	- %	- %	- %	- %	- %
Lifetime expected credit losses	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Carrying amount	$555,217	$27,537	$2,772	$1,809	$717	$757	$588,809

31 December 2024

	Not yet due (note)	Overdue					Total
		<=30 days	31-60 days	61-90 days	91-120 days	>=121 days
Gross carrying amount	$595,537	$22,089	$3,383	$ -	$ -	$ -	$621,009
Loss ratio	- %	- %	- %	- %	- %	- %
Lifetime expected credit losses	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Carrying amount	$595,537	$22,089	$3,383	$ -	$ -	$ -	$621,009

Note: The Group’s notes receivable were not overdue.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

The movement in the provision for impairment of notes receivable and accounts receivable during the years ended 31 December 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

	Notes receivable	Accounts receivable
As of 1 January 2025	$ -	$ -
Increase (reversal) in loss allowance	-	16
Write-offs due to uncollectible amounts	-	(16)
Exchange differences	-	-
As of 31 December 2025	$ -	$ -
As of 1 January 2024	$ -	$1,910
Increase (reversal) in loss allowance	-	1,037
Write-offs due to uncollectible amounts	-	(2,947)
Exchange differences	-	-
As of 31 December 2024	$ -	$ -

(17) Leases

(a) The Group is a lessee

The Group leased various properties, including real estate such as land, buildings, transportation equipment, and office equipment. The lease terms ranged from 2 to 50 years.

The Group’s leases effect on the financial position, financial performance and cash flows are as follows:

I. Amounts recognized in the balance sheet

(i) Right-of-use assets

The carrying amount of right-of-use assets

	As of 31 December
	2025	2024
Land	$40,072	$45,320
Buildings	5,907	6,847
Office equipment	80	186
Total	$46,059	$52,353

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

During the years ended 31 December 2025 and 2024, the Group’s additions to right-of-use assets amounted to NT$3,505 thousand and NT$7,378 thousand, respectively.

(ii) Lease liabilities

	As of 31 December
	2025	2024
Lease liabilities
Current	$4,000	$3,964
Non-current	2,064	3,213
Total	$6,064	$7,177

Please refer to Note 6(19)(d) for the interest on lease liabilities recognized during the years ended 31 December 2025 and 2024 and refer to Note 12(5) Liquidity Risk Management for the maturity analysis for lease liabilities.

II. Amounts recognized in the statement of comprehensive income

Depreciation charge for right-of-use assets

	For the years ended 31 December
	2025	2024
Land	$2,704	$2,674
Buildings	4,608	7,033
Transportation equipment	-	275
Office equipment	106	107
Total	$7,418	$10,089

III. Income and costs relating to leasing activities

	For the years ended 31 December
	2025	2024
The expenses relating to short-term leases	$1,862	$2,924

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

IV. Cash outflow related to lessee and lease activity

During the years ended 31 December 2025 and 2024, the Group's total cash outflows for leases amounted to NT$6,788 thousand and NT$10,437 thousand, respectively.

(18) Summary statement of employee benefits, depreciation and amortization expenses by function are as follows:

| Function
Nature | For the years ended 31 December | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 2025 | | | 2024 | | |
| | Cost of sales | Operating expenses | Total | Cost of sales | Operating expenses | Total |
| Employee benefits expense | | | | | | |
| Salaries | $473,458 | $258,092 | $731,550 | $472,844 | $279,178 | $752,022 |
| Labor and health insurance | 65,609 | 27,949 | 93,558 | 68,073 | 31,167 | 99,240 |
| Pension | 7,627 | 9,524 | 17,151 | 14,300 | 22,839 | 37,139 |
| Other employee benefits expense | 10,923 | 6,707 | 17,630 | 12,480 | 7,380 | 19,860 |
| Depreciation | 94,941 | 37,305 | 132,246 | 98,500 | 45,213 | 143,713 |
| Amortization | 6,412 | 13,318 | 19,730 | 6,436 | 20,366 | 26,802 |

As of 31 December 2025 and 2024, the number of employees for the Group was 1,786 and 1,921, respectively.

Pursuant to the Company's Articles of Incorporation, if there are profits for the year, the Company shall appropriate no less than 4% of such profits as employee compensation, of which no less than 20% shall be allocated to grassroots employees, and no more than 3% as directors' compensation. However, the company's accumulated losses shall have been covered. The Company may, by a resolution adopted by a majority vote at a meeting of board of directors attended by two-thirds of the total number of directors, have the profit distributable as employees' compensation in the form of cash or stocks; and in addition thereto a report of such distribution is submitted to the shareholders' meeting. Information on the board meeting resolution regarding the employees' compensation and remuneration to directors can be obtained from the "Market Observation Post System" on the website of the TWSE.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

For the year ended 31 December 2025, based on the Company’s profitability, employee compensation and directors’ compensation were accrued at 6% and 2%, respectively. Accordingly, employee compensation and directors’ compensation amounted to NT$4,319 thousand and NT$1,440 thousand, respectively, and were recognized under salary expenses. As the Company incurred a loss for the year ended 31 December 2024, no employee compensation or directors’ compensation was accrued.

On 5 March 2026, the Company’s Board of Directors resolved to distribute the employee compensation and directors’ compensation for the year ended 31 December 2025 in cash in the amounts of NT$4,319 thousand and NT$1,440 thousand, respectively. There was no material difference between the amounts approved for distribution and those recognized as expenses in the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2025.

(19) Non-operating income and expenses

(a) Interest income

	For the years ended 31 December
	2025	2024
Financial assets at FVTPL	$2,267	$266
Financial assets at AC	16,055	9,094
Total	$18,322	$9,360

(b) Other income

	For the years ended 31 December
	2025	2024
Rental income	$31,911	$32,603
Dividend income	9,130	6,702
Others	22,844	20,490
Total	$63,885	$59,795

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

	For the years ended 31 December
	2025	2024
Gain on financial asset at FVTPL	$25,841	$2,657
Foreign exchange gain (loss), net	(61,608)	60,820
Other expenses	(2,075)	(3,493)
Loss on disposal of investments	(1,859)	-
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment	(77)	(3,671)
Loss on disposal of intangible assets	-	(29)
Lease modification gain	-	26
Total	$(39,778)	$56,310

(d) Finance costs

	For the years ended 31 December
	2025	2024
Interest on loans from bank	$31,484	$36,045
Interest on lease liabilities	144	211
Total	$31,628	$36,256

(20) Components of other comprehensive income

For the year ended 31 December 2025

	Arising during the period	Reclassification adjustments during the period	Other comprehensive income	Income tax benefit (expense)	Amounts net of tax
Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss:
Remeasurements of defined benefit plans	$9,844	$ -	$9,844	$(1,969)	$7,875
Unrealized gains or losses on equity instruments at FVOCI	(40,871)	-	(40,871)	-	(40,871)
Share of other comprehensive income of associates and joint ventures accounted for using the equity method	(1,433)	-	(1,433)	-	(1,433)
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
Exchange differences on translating foreign operations	(9,103)	-	(9,103)	1,821	(7,282)
Total	$(41,563)	$ -	$(41,563)	$(148)	$(41,711)

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

For the year ended 31 December 2024

	Arising during the period	Reclassification adjustments during the period	Other comprehensive income	Income tax benefit (expense)	Amounts net of tax
Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss:
Remeasurements of defined benefit plans	$21,051	$ -	$21,051	$(4,210)	$16,841
Unrealized gains or losses on equity instruments at FVOCI	(22,399)	-	(22,399)	-	(22,399)
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
Exchange differences on translating foreign operations	21,944	-	21,944	(4,389)	17,555
Total	$20,596	$ -	$20,596	$(8,599)	$11,997

(21) Income tax

The main components of income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended 31 December 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

Income tax expense (benefit) recognized in profit or loss

	For the years ended 31 December
	2025	2024
Current income tax expense (benefit):
Current income tax charge	$11,040	$1,306
Adjustments in respect of current income tax of prior periods	1,249	(30,795)
Deferred tax expense (benefit):
Deferred tax expense (benefit) relating to origination and reversal of temporary differences	2,692	3,095
Deferred tax expense (benefit) relating to origination and reversal of tax loss and tax credit	437	(437)
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$15,418	$(26,831)

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

Income tax relating to components of other comprehensive income

	For the years ended 31 December
	2025	2024
Deferred tax expense (benefit):
Remeasurements of defined benefit plans	$1,969	$4,210
Exchange differences on translating foreign operations	(1,821)	4,389
Income tax relating to components of other comprehensive income	$148	$8,599

Reconciliation between tax expense and the product of accounting profit multiplied by applicable tax rates is as follows:

	For the years ended 31 December
	2025	2024
Accounting profit (loss) before tax from continuing operations	$67,805	$(82,691)
Tax at the domestic rates applicable to profits in the country concerned	$13,561	$(16,538)
Tax effect of revenues exempt from taxation	4,383	23,405
Tax effect of expenses not deductible for tax purposes	-	362
Tax effect of deferred tax assets/liabilities	(3,536)	725
Tax effect of different tax rates for entities in other tax regions	115	281
Adjustments in respect of current income tax of prior periods	1,249	(30,795)
Others	(354)	(4,271)
Total income tax expense (benefit) recognized in profit or loss	$15,418	$(26,831)

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

Deferred tax assets (liabilities) relate to the following:

For the year ended 31 December 2025

	Balance as of 1 January	Recognized in profit or loss	Recognized in other comprehensive income	Recognized in equity	Balance as of 31 December
Temporary differences
Unrealized foreign exchange gains or losses	$826	$(4,604)	$ -	$ -	$(3,778)
Allowance for inventory valuation losses	8,467	1,410	-	-	9,877
Unrealized impairment losses of prepayments to suppliers	1,826	-	-	-	1,826
Impairment on financial assets measured at amortized cost	10,249	-	-	-	10,249
Pension expense payable	8,895	(354)	-	-	8,541
Exchange differences on translating foreign operations	4,963	-	1,821	-	6,784
Revaluations of financial assets at FVTPL	380	(2,680)	-	-	(2,300)
Unused tax losses	437	(437)	-	-	-
Net defined benefit liability – non-current	(1,748)	-	(1,969)	-	(3,717)
Loss on liquidation of investments accounted for using the equity method	-	3,536	-	-	3,536
Deferred tax expense		$(3,129)	$(148)	$ -
Deferred tax assets (liabilities), net	$34,295				$31,018
Reflected in balance sheet as follows:
Deferred tax assets	$34,295				$40,813
Deferred tax liabilities	$ -				$9,795

For the year ended 31 December 2024

	Balance as of 1 January	Recognized in profit or loss	Recognized in other comprehensive income	Recognized in equity	Balance as of 31 December
Temporary differences
Unrealized foreign exchange gains or losses	$5,016	$(4,190)	$ -	$ -	$826
Allowance for inventory valuation losses	7,444	1,023	-	-	8,467
Unrealized impairment losses of prepayments to suppliers	1,826	-	-	-	1,826
Impairment on financial assets measured at amortized cost	10,249	-	-	-	10,249
Pension expense payable	9,196	(301)	-	-	8,895
Exchange differences on translating foreign operations	9,352	-	(4,389)	-	4,963
Revaluations of financial assets at FVTPL	7	373	-	-	380
Unused tax losses	-	437	-	-	437
Net defined benefit liability – non-current	2,462	-	(4,210)	-	(1,748)
Deferred tax expense		$(2,658)	$(8,599)	$ -
Deferred tax assets (liabilities), net	$45,552				$34,295
Reflected in balance sheet as follows:
Deferred tax assets	$45,552				$34,295
Deferred tax liabilities	$ -				$ -

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

Unrecognized deferred tax assets

As of 31 December 2025 and 2024, the total amounts of unrecognized deferred tax assets of the Group were NT$239,497 thousand and NT$230,468 thousand, respectively.

The assessment of income tax returns

As of 31 December 2025, the assessment of the income tax returns of the Company and its subsidiaries is as follows:

	The assessment of income tax returns
The Company	Assessed and approved up to 2023
Subsidiary - Tien Lung Investment Co., Ltd.	Assessed and approved up to 2023
Subsidiary - Advanced Radar Technology Co., Ltd.	Assessed and approved up to 2023

(22) Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the profit attributable to ordinary shareholders of the parent company for the period by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period.

Diluted earnings per share are calculated by dividing the profit attributable to ordinary shareholders of the parent company for the period, after adjusting for interest on convertible bonds, by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period plus the weighted average number of ordinary shares that would be issued upon the conversion of all dilutive potential ordinary shares.

	For the years ended 31 December
	2025	2024
(a) Basic earnings (loss) per share
Profit (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders of the parent (in thousand NT$)	$52,482	$(55,488)
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding for basic earnings per share (thousand shares)	127,235	126,821
Basic earnings (loss) per share (NT$)	$0.41	$(0.44)

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

	For the years ended 31 December
	2025	2024
(b) Diluted earnings (loss) per share
Profit (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders of the parent (in thousand NT$)	$52,482	$(55,488)
Profit (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders of the parent after dilution (in thousand NT$)	$52,482	$(55,488)
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding for basic earnings per share (thousand shares)	127,235	126,821
Effect of dilution:
Employee compensation - stock (thousand shares)	95	-
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding after dilution (thousand shares)	127,330	126,821
Diluted earnings (loss) per share (NT$)	$0.41	$(0.44)

There were no other transactions involving ordinary shares or potential ordinary shares between the reporting date and the completion of the financial statements.

Related party transactions

Information of the related parties that had transactions with the Group during the financial reporting period is as follows:

Name and nature of relationship of the related parties

Name of the related parties	Nature of relationship
Poris Electronics Co., Ltd	Associate
Lightel Corporation	Associate
Connection Technology Systems Inc.	Substantive related party
Lightel Technologies Inc.	Substantive related party

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(1) Sales

	For the years ended 31 December
	2025	2024
Other related parties
Connection Technology Systems Inc.	$1,253	$1,358
Lightel Technologies Inc.	-	218
Total	$1,253	$1,576

The selling prices charged by the Group to related parties were not significantly different from those charged to general customers. Accounts receivable are generally settled by foreign currency checks or via telegraphic transfer within three months commencing from the month following shipment; however, the collection terms may be adjusted from time to time depending on the financial condition of the related parties.

(2) Accounts Receivable

	As of 31 December
	2025	2024
Other related parties
Connection Technology Systems Inc.	$458	$442

(3) Unearned receipts

	As of 31 December
	2025	2024
Other related parties
Connection Technology Systems Inc.	$1,008	$580

(4) Key management personnel compensation

	For the years ended 31 December
	2025	2024
Short-term employee benefits	$23,195	$22,984
Post-employment benefits	566	709
Total	$23,761	$23,693

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

Assets pledged as security

The following table lists assets of the Group pledged as security:

Items	Carrying amount		Secured liabilities
	31 Dec. 2025	31 Dec. 2024
Property, plant and equipment - land	$148,931	$148,931	Long-term borrowings
Property, plant and equipment - buildings	91,336	99,499	Long-term borrowings
Property, plant and equipment - machinery and equipment	31,198	40,700	Long-term borrowings
Investment property	60,000	60,000	Long-term borrowings
Other current assets - restricted deposit	5,354	5,348	Customs bond
Total	$336,819	$354,478

Significant contingencies and unrecognized contract commitments

(1) As of 31 December 2025, the Group had issued promissory notes as collateral for bank borrowing facilities, with an outstanding balance of NT$2,802,053 thousand.

(2) The important contracts for construction in progress or provision of services

Contracting parties	Contract subject	Total contract price (before tax)	Price paid as of 31 December 2025
Company C (Note)	Service contract	RMB 16,540	RMB 7,669

Note : The Group's subsidiary, Ja-long Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., intends to apply to the local government for land expansion to increase the building area. Therefore, it has separately entered into service contracts with relevant consulting companies. The total contract price amounted to RMB 16,540 thousand (exclusive of tax). As of 31 December 2025, RMB 7,669 thousand has been paid, and RMB 8,871 thousand remained unpaid.

Significant disaster loss

None.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

Significant subsequent events

None.

Others

(1) Categories of financial instruments

Financial assets

	As of 31 December
	2025	2024
Financial assets at FVTPL:
Mandatorily measured at FVTPL	$149,803	$109,672
Financial assets at FVOCI	149,349	190,219
Financial assets measured at amortized cost:
Cash and cash equivalents	865,205	728,212
(excluding cash on hand and cash equivalents)
Financial assets at AC	139,430	62,785
Notes receivable	1,678	3,018
Accounts receivable	587,131	617,991
Other receivables	13,126	8,723
Other current assets - restricted deposit	5,354	5,348
Guarantee deposits paid	797	2,390
Subtotal	1,612,721	1,428,467
Total	$1,911,873	$1,728,358

Financial liabilities

	As of 31 December
	2025	2024
Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost:
Short-term borrowings	$ -	$70,000
Notes and accounts payable	590,603	413,238
Other payables	162,543	178,770
Long-term borrowings (including current portion)	1,277,380	1,602,368
Lease liabilities	6,064	7,177
Total	$2,036,590	$2,271,553

(2) Financial risk management objectives and policies

The Group's principal financial risk management objective is to manage the market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk related to its operating activities. The Group identifies measures and manages the aforementioned risks based on the Group's policy and risk appetite.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

The Group has established appropriate policies, procedures and internal controls for financial risk management. Before entering into significant transactions, due approval process by the Board of Directors and Audit Committee must be carried out based on related protocols and internal control procedures. The Group complies with its financial risk management policies at all times.

(3) Market risk

Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of the changes in market prices. Market prices comprise currency risk, interest rate risk and other price risk (such as equity risk).

In practice, it is rarely the case that a single risk variable will change independently from other risk variable, there are usually interdependencies between risk variables. However, the sensitivity analysis disclosed below does not take into account the interdependencies between risk variables.

Foreign currency risk

The Group’s exposure to the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates relates primarily to the Group’s operating activities (when revenue or expense are denominated in a different currency from the Group’s functional currency) and the Group’s net investments in foreign subsidiaries.

The Group has certain foreign currency receivables to be denominated in the same foreign currency with certain foreign currency payables, therefore natural hedge is received. The Group also uses forward contracts to hedge the foreign currency risk on certain items denominated in foreign currencies. Hedge accounting is not applied as they did not qualify for hedge accounting criteria. Furthermore, as net investments in foreign subsidiaries are for strategic purposes, they are not hedged by the Group.

The foreign currency sensitivity analysis of the possible change in foreign exchange rates on the Group’s profit is performed on significant monetary items denominated in foreign currencies as at the end of the reporting period. The Group’s foreign currency risk is mainly related to the volatility in the exchange rates for USD and RMB. The information of the sensitivity analysis is as follows:

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(a) When NTD strengthens/weakens against USD by 1%, the profit for the years ended 31 December 2025 and 2024 is decreased/increased by NT$7,351 thousand and NT$7,568 thousand, respectively.

(b) When NTD strengthens/weakens against RMB by 1%, the profit for the years ended 31 December 2025 and 2024 is increased/decreased by NT$990 thousand and NT$687 thousand, respectively.

Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The Group’s exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates relates primarily to the bank borrowings with fixed interest rates and variable interest rates.

The Group manages its interest rate risk by having a balanced portfolio of fixed and variable loans and borrowings and entering into interest rate swaps. Hedge accounting does not apply to these swaps as they do not qualify for it.

The interest rate sensitivity analysis is performed on items exposed to interest rate risk as at the end of the reporting period, including borrowings with variable interest rates. At the reporting date, a change of 10 basis points of interest rate in a reporting period could cause the profit for the periods ended 31 December 2025 and 2024 to increase / decrease by NT$1,277 thousand and NT$1,672 thousand, respectively.

Equity price risk

The fair value of the Group’s listed, emerging and unlisted equity securities is susceptible to market price risk arising from uncertainties about future values of the investment securities. The Group’s listed, emerging and unlisted equity securities are classified under financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss and financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income. The Group manages the equity price risk through diversification and placing limits on individual and total equity instruments. Reports on the equity portfolio are submitted to the Group’s senior management on a regular basis. The Group’s Board of Directors reviews and approves all equity investment decisions.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

At the reporting date, a change of 1% in the price of the listed and emerging companies’ stocks classified as equity instruments investments measured at fair value through profit or loss could increase / decrease the Group’s profit for the years ended 31 December 2025 and 2024 by NT$999 thousand and NT$727 thousand, respectively.

At the reporting date, a change of 1% in the price of the listed and emerging companies’ stocks classified as equity instruments investments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income could have an impact of NT$959 thousand and NT$1,351 thousand on the equity attributable to the Group for the years ended 31 December 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Please refer to Note 12(8) for sensitivity analysis information of other equity instruments or derivatives that are linked to such equity instruments whose fair value measurement is categorized under Level 3.

(4) Credit risk management

Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will not meet its obligations under a contract, leading to a financial loss. The Group is exposed to credit risk from operating activities (primarily for accounts receivable and notes receivable) and from its financing activities, including bank deposits and other financial instruments.

Credit risk is managed by each business unit subject to the Group’s established policy, procedures and control relating to credit risk management. Credit limits are established for all counter parties based on their financial position, rating from credit rating agencies, historical experience, prevailing economic condition and the Group’s internal rating criteria etc. Certain counter parties’ credit risk will also be managed by taking credit enhancing procedures, such as requesting for prepayment or insurance.

As of 31 December 2025 and 2024, amounts receivable from top ten customers represented 59% and 60% of the total accounts receivable of the Group, respectively. The credit concentration risk of other accounts receivable is insignificant.

Credit risk from balances with banks, fixed income securities and other financial instruments is managed by the Group’s treasury in accordance with the Group’s policy. The Group only transacts with counterparties approved by the internal control procedures, which are banks and financial institutions, companies and government entities with good credit rating. Consequently, there is no significant credit risk for these counter parties.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(5) Liquidity risk management

The Group’s objective is to maintain a balance between continuity of funding and flexibility through the use of cash and cash equivalents, highly liquid equity investments and bank borrowings. The table below summarizes the maturity profile of the Group’s financial liabilities based on the contractual undiscounted payments and contractual maturity. The payment amount includes the contractual interest. The undiscounted payment relating to borrowings with variable interest rates is extrapolated based on the estimated interest rate yield curve as of the end of the reporting period.

Non-derivative financial liabilities

	Less than 1 year	2 to 3 years	4 to 5 years	> 5 years	Total
As of 31 December 2025
Loans	$238,020	$701,341	$204,681	$213,996	$1,358,038
Notes and accounts payable	590,603	-	-	-	590,603
Other payables	162,543	-	-	-	162,543
Lease liabilities	4,089	2,086	-	-	6,175
As of 31 December 2024
Loans	$444,507	$735,480	$300,743	$293,476	$1,774,206
Notes and accounts payable	413,238	-	-	-	413,238
Other payables	178,770	-	-	-	178,770
Lease liabilities	4,067	3,258	-	-	7,325

Derivative financial liabilities

None.

(6) Reconciliation of liabilities from financing activities

Reconciliation of liabilities for the year ended 31 December 2025:

	Short-term borrowings	Short-term notes payable	Long-term borrowings (including current portion)	Lease liabilities	Other non-current liabilities	Total liabilities from financing activities
As of 1 January 2025	$70,000	$ -	$1,602,368	$7,177	$4,367	$1,683,912
Cash flows	(70,000)	-	(324,988)	(4,782)	(354)	(400,124)
Non-cash changes	-	-	-	3,505	-	3,505
Exchange differences	-	-	-	164	-	164
As of 31 December 2025	$ -	$ -	$1,277,380	$6,064	$4,013	$1,287,457

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

Reconciliation of liabilities for the year ended 31 December 2024:

	Short-term borrowings	Short-term notes payable	Long-term borrowings (including current portion)	Lease liabilities	Other non-current liabilities	Total liabilities from financing activities
As of 1 January 2024	$228,000	$79,944	$1,425,742	$12,902	$4,461	$1,751,049
Cash flows	(158,000)	(79,944)	176,626	(7,302)	(94)	(68,714)
Non-cash changes	-	-	-	1,342	-	1,342
Exchange differences	-	-	-	235	-	235
As of 31 December 2024	$70,000	$-	$1,602,368	$7,177	$4,367	$1,683,912

(7) Fair values of financial instruments

(a) The methods and assumptions applied in determining the fair value of financial instruments:

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The following methods and assumptions were used by the Group to measure or disclose the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities:

(i) The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and other current liabilities approximate their fair value due to their short maturities.

(ii) For financial assets and liabilities traded in an active market with standard terms and conditions, their fair value is determined based on market quotation price (including listed equity securities, beneficiary certificates, bonds and futures etc.) at the reporting date.

(iii) Fair value of equity instruments without market quotations (including private placement of listed equity securities, unquoted public company and private company equity securities) are estimated using the market method valuation techniques based on parameters such as prices based on market transactions of equity instruments of identical or comparable entities and other relevant information (for example, inputs such as discount for lack of marketability, P/E ratio of similar entities and Price-Book ratio of similar entities).

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(iv) Fair value of debt instruments without market quotations, bank loans, bonds payable and other non-current liabilities are determined based on the counterparty prices or valuation method. The valuation method uses DCF method as a basis, and the assumptions such as the interest rate and discount rate are primarily based on relevant information of similar instrument (such as yield curves published by the Taipei Exchange, average prices for Fixed Rate Commercial Paper published by Reuters and credit risk, etc.)

(v) The fair value of derivatives which are not options and without market quotations, is determined based on the counterparty prices or discounted cash flow analysis using interest rate yield curve for the contract period. Fair value of option-based derivative financial instruments is obtained using on the counterparty prices or appropriate option pricing model (for example, Black-Scholes model) or other valuation method (for example, Monte Carlo Simulation).

(b) Fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost

The carrying amount of the Group’s financial assets and liabilities measured at amortized cost approximate their fair value.

Please refer to Note 12(8) for fair value measurement hierarchy for financial instruments of the Group.

(8) Fair value measurement hierarchy

(a) Definition of fair value hierarchy

All asset and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole. Level 1, 2 and 3 inputs are described as follows:

Level 1 – Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date

Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Group determines whether transfers have occurred between Levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization at the end of each reporting period.

(b) Fair value measurement hierarchy of the Group’s assets and liabilities

The Group does not have assets that are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. Fair value measurement hierarchy of the Group’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis is as follows:

As of 31 December 2025

	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Total
Assets measured at fair value:
Financial assets at FVTPL
Stocks	$99,939	$ -	$ -	$99,939
Bonds	49,864	-	-	49,864
Financial assets at FVOCI
Equity instruments	95,871	-	53,478	149,349

As of 31 December 2024

	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Total
Assets measured at fair value:
Financial assets at FVTPL
Stocks	$72,687	$ -	$ -	$72,687
Index bond fund	36,985	-	-	36,985
Financial assets at FVOCI
Equity instruments	135,102	-	55,117	190,219

Transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the period

During the years ended 31 December 2025 and 2024, there were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

Reconciliation of Level 3 recurring fair value measurements

The reconciliation of the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy of the Group is presented as follows:

	Assets
	At FVOCI
	Stocks
	Year ended 2025	Year ended 2024
Beginning balance	$55,117	$52,602
Total gains (losses) recognized:
Amount recognized in OCI (presented in “unrealized gains or losses on equity instruments at FVOCI”)	(1,639)	(7,485)
Acquisition	-	10,000
Ending balance	$53,478	$55,117

Information on significant unobservable inputs to valuation

Description of significant unobservable inputs to valuation of recurring fair value measurements categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy is as follows:

As of 31 December 2025

	Valuation techniques	Significant unobservable inputs	Quantitative information	Relationship between inputs and fair value	Sensitivity of the input to fair value
Financial assets:
Financial assets at FVOCI
Stocks	Market approach	Discount for lack of marketability	30%	The higher the discount for lack of marketability, the lower the fair value of the stocks	1% increase (decrease) in the discount for lack of marketability would result in (decrease) increase in the Group’s equity by NT$535 thousand

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

As of 31 December 2024

Financial assets:	Valuation techniques	Significant unobservable inputs	Quantitative information	Relationship between inputs and fair value	Sensitivity of the input to fair value
Financial assets at FVOCI	Stocks Market approach	Discount for lack of marketability	30%	The higher the discount for lack of marketability, the lower the fair value of the stocks	1% increase (decrease) in the discount for lack of marketability would result in (decrease) increase in the Group’s equity by NT$551 thousand

As of 31 December 2025

	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Total
Assets for which fair value is disclosed:
Investment property (see Note 6(9))	$ -	$ -	$572,572	$572,572
Investments accounted for using the equity method (see Note 6(7))	1,832,071	-	-	1,832,071

As of 31 December 2024

	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Total
Assets for which fair value is disclosed:
Investment property (see Note 6(9))	$ -	$ -	$531,256	$531,256

(9) Significant assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies

Information regarding the significant assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies is listed below:

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

	As of 31 December 2025			As of 31 December 2024
	Foreign currency	Exchange rate	NTD	Foreign currency	Exchange rate	NTD
Financial assets
Monetary items:
USD	$35,979	31.430	$1,130,820	$31,366	32.785	$1,028,334
RMB	11,071	4.496	49,775	14,453	4.478	64,721
Financial liabilities
Monetary items:
USD	12,591	31.430	395,735	8,282	32.785	271,525
RMB	33,084	4.496	148,746	29,794	4.478	133,418

As the Group has various functional currencies, it is impracticable to disclose foreign exchange gains or losses arising from monetary financial assets and financial liabilities by each foreign currency with a significant impact. The foreign exchange gains (losses) of the Group for the years ended 2025 and 2024 amounted to NT$(61,608) thousand and NT$60,820 thousand, respectively

The above information is disclosed based on the carrying amount of foreign currency (after conversion to functional currency).

(10) Capital management

The primary objective of the Group's capital management is to ensure that it maintains a strong credit rating and healthy capital ratios in order to support its business and maximize shareholder value. The Group manages its capital structure and makes adjustments to it, in light of changes in economic conditions. To maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may adjust dividend payments to shareholders, return capital to shareholders or issue new shares.

Other disclosure

(1) Information at significant transactions

(a) Financing provided to others: Please refer to Attachment 1.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(b) Endorsement/Guarantee provided to others: Please refer to Attachment 2.

(c) Securities held as of 31 December 2025 (excluding the portion related to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures): Please refer to Attachment 3.

(d) Related party transactions for purchases and sales amounts exceeding the lower of NT$100 million or 20 percent of the capital stock: Please refer to Attachment 4.

(e) Receivables from related parties with amounts exceeding the lower of NT$100 million or 20 percent of the capital stock: Please refer to Attachment 5.

(f) The business relationship, significant transactions and amounts between parent company and subsidiaries: Please refer to Attachment 6.

(2) Information on investees:

Names, locations, main businesses and products, original investment amount, investment as of 31 December 2025, net income (loss) of investee company and investment income (loss) recognized as of 31 December 2025 (exclude the information on investments in mainland China): Please refer to Attachment 7.

(3) Information on investments in mainland China

(a) The Group's investments in mainland China through Global Development Company Ltd. included names, main businesses and products, total amount of paid-in capital, method of investment, Investment flow situation, percentage of ownership, investment income (loss) recognized, carrying value as of 31 December 2025, accumulated inward remittance of earnings as of 31 December 2025 and upper limit on investment in mainland China: Please refer to Attachment 8.

(b) Significant transactions through third regions with the investees in Mainland China: Please refer to Attachment 1,2,4,5 and 6.

Segment information

For management purposes, the Group is organized into business units based on their products and services and has three reportable operating segments as follows:

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(1) Magnetic Component & Power product department: The department is responsible for the production of electronic components.
(2) Information and communication product department: The department is responsible for the production of OEM and ODM information and communication products.
(3) Optical communication product office: The department is responsible for the production of optical communication equipment products.
(4) Others: Mainly involves the trading of raw materials and acting as a purchasing agent for commodities.

Operating segments have been aggregated to be reported as aforementioned operating segments.

Management monitors the operating results of its business units separately for the purpose of making decisions about resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment performance is evaluated based on operating profit or loss and is measured based on accounting policies consistent with those in the consolidated financial statements. However, income taxes are managed on a group basis and are not allocated to operating segments.

Transfer prices between operating segment are on an arm's length basis in a manner similar to transactions with third parties.

(1) Information on profit or loss, assets and liabilities of the reportable segment:

(a) For the year ended 31 December 2025

	Magnetic component & power product department	Information and communication product department	Optical communication product office	Others	Adjustment and elimination	Group total
Revenue
External customer	$1,890,136	$1,428,677	$7,980	$17,966^{1}	$ -	$3,344,759
Inter-segment	1,235,827	934,111	5,217	11,747	(2,186,902)^{2}	-
Total revenue	$3,125,963	$2,362,788	$13,197	$29,713	$(2,186,902)	$3,344,759
Segment profit	$(52,406)	$107,553	$(29,973)	$43,262	$(631)	$67,805

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

(b) For the year ended 31 December 2024

	Magnetic component & power product department	Information and communication product department	Optical communication product office	Others	Adjustment and elimination	Group total
Revenue
External customer	$1,725,660	$1,476,393	$11,304	$17,668¹	$ -	$3,231,025
Inter-segment	1,207,173	1,032,800	7,908	12,360	(2,260,241)²	-
Total revenue	$2,932,833	$2,509,193	$19,212	$30,028	$(2,260,241)	$3,231,025
Segment profit	$(176,826)	$36,712	$(64,023)	$121,446	$ -	$(82,691)

¹ Revenue from departments whose nature cannot be classified that do not meet the quantitative thresholds for reportable segments.

² Inter-segment revenue are eliminated on consolidation and recorded under the “adjustment and elimination” column, all other adjustments and eliminations are disclosed below.

(2) The adjustments on profit or loss, assets and liabilities of the reportable segment:

There were no adjustments required for segment revenue, profit or loss, assets, liabilities, or other significant items for the years ended 31 December 2025 and 2024.

(3) Geographical information

Revenue from external customers:

	For the years ended 31 December
	2025	2024
United States	$1,205,007	$1,372,050
Asia	1,020,124	819,769
Taiwan	963,284	890,368
Other countries	156,344	148,838
Total	$3,344,759	$3,231,025

The revenue information above is based on the location of the customers.

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Expressed in Thousands of New Taiwan Dollars unless Otherwise Specified)

Non-current assets:

	As of 31 December
	2025	2024
Taiwan	$594,414	$657,044
China	280,905	314,391
Vietnam	214,153	250,843
Other countries	1,202	673
Total	$1,090,674	$1,222,951

Non-current assets include property, plant and equipment, right-of-use assets, investment property, and other non-current assets.

(4) Information about major customers

	For the years ended 31 December
	2025	2024
Customer A	$951,960	$1,019,047

Attachment 1: Financing provided to others

No.	Lender (Note 1)	Counterparty	Financial statement account	Related Party	Maximum balance for the period	Ending balance	Actual amount provided	Interest rate	Nature of financing (Note 5)	Amount of sales to (purchases from) counter-party	Reason for short-term financing	Allowance for doubtful accounts	Collateral		Limit of financing amount for individual counter-party	Limit of total financing amount
													Item	Value
0	The Company	JA-LONG TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.(Shenzhen)	Other receivables	Y	$377,160	$377,160	$ -	0.00%	1	$1,405,206	-	-	-	-	$805,606 (Note 2)	$805,606 (Note 2)
1	UMEC (B.V.I.)	JA-LONG TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.(Shenzhen)	Other receivables	Y	94,290	94,290	-	0.00%	2	-	Need for operating	-	-	-	117,385 (Note 3)	117,385 (Note 3)
2	Global	JA-LONG TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.(Shenzhen)	Other receivables	Y	62,860	62,860	-	0.00%	2	-	Need for operating	-	-	-	98,389 (Note 4)	98,389 (Note 4)

Note 1: The above transactions were all made between consolidated entities in the Group and have been reversed.
Note 2: JA-LONG TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.(Shenzhen) had business transactions with the Company. The maximum loan amount extended to the Company was limited to $40\%$ of the audited net worth of NT$2,014,015 thousand as of 31 December 2025. Individual loan amounts were limited to the extent of the business transactions between the two parties. The business transaction amount referred to was the higher of the purchase or sales amount between the two parties. This year, the business transaction amount was less than $40\%$ of the Company's net worth as of 31 December 2025. Therefore, the individual loan amounts were limited to $40\%$ of the audited net worth of NT$2,014,015 thousand as of 31 December 2025.
Note 3: The loan amount was calculated based on $60\%$ of the audited net worth of UMEC (B.V.I.) as of 31 December 2025, which amounted to NT$195,642 thousand.
Note 4: The loan amount was calculated based on $60\%$ of the audited net worth of Global as of 31 December 2025, which amounted to NT$163,982 thousand.
Note 5: To fill in the nature of the loan, please follow the instructions below:

(1) If there is a business transaction, please fill in "1".
(2) If there is a need for short-term financing, please fill in "2".

Attachment 2: Endorsement/Guarantee provided to others

No. (Note 1)	Endorser/Guarantee	Receiving party		Limit of guarantee/endorsement amount for receiving party (Note 3)	Maximum balance for the period	Ending balance	Actual amount provided	Amount of collateral guarantee/ endorsement	Percentage of accumulated guarantee amount to net assets value from the latest financial statement	Limit of total guarantee/ endorsement amount (Note 4)	Parent company's guarantee/ endorsement amount to subsidiaries (Note 5)	Subsidiaries' guarantee/ endorsement amount to parent company (Note 5)	Guarantee/ endorsement amount to company in Mainland China (Note 5)
		Company name	Relationship (Note 2)
0	The Company	JA-LONG TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD (Shenzhen)	2	$402,803	$224,800	$224,800	$ -	$ -	11.16%	$805,606	Y	N	Y
1	UMEC (B.V.I.)	The Company	2	48,911	47,145	47,145	-	-	24.10%	58,693	N	Y	N
2	Global	The Company	2	49,195	47,145	47,145	-	-	28.75%	57,394	N	Y	N

Note 1: The Company and its subsidiaries are coded as follows:
(1) The Company is coded "0".
(2) The subsidiaries are coded consecutively beginning from "1" in the order presented in the table above.
Note 2: According to the "Guidelines Governing the Preparation of Financial Reports by Securities Issuers" issued by the R.O.C. Securities and Futures Bureau, receiving parties should be disclosed as one of the following:
(1) A company with which it does business.
(2) A company in which the public company directly and indirectly holds more than 50% of the voting shares.
(3) A company that directly and indirectly holds more than 50% of the voting shares in the public company.
(4) A company in which the public company holds, directly or indirectly, 90% or more of the voting shares.
(5) A company that fulfills its contractual obligations by providing mutual endorsements/guarantees for another company in the same industry or for joint builders for purposes of undertaking a construction project.
(6) A company that all capital contributing shareholders make endorsements/guarantees for their jointly invested company in proportion to their shareholding percentages.
(7) Companies in the same industry provide among themselves joint and several security for a performance guarantee of a sales contract for pre-construction homes pursuant to the Consumer Protection Act for each other.
Note 3: 1. Limit of guarantee/endorsement amount for a single enterprise by the Company is limited to 20% of the Company's net worth of the financial report audited by the certified public accountants as of 31 December 2025, which amounts to NT$2,014,015 thousand.
2. Limit of guarantee/endorsement amount for a single enterprise by UMEC (B.V.I.) is limited to 25% of UMEC (B.V.I.)'s net worth of the financial report audited by the certified public accountants as of 31 December 2025, which amounts to NT$195,642 thousand.
3. Limit of guarantee/endorsement amount for a single enterprise by Global is limited to 30% of Global's net worth of the financial report audited by the certified public accountants as of 31 December 2025, which amounts to NT$163,982 thousand.
Note 4: 1. The total limit of guarantee/endorsement amount by the Company is limited to 40% of the Company's net worth of the financial report audited by the certified public accountants as of 31 December 2025, which amounts to NT$2,014,015 thousand.
2. The total limit of guarantee/endorsement amount by UMEC (B.V.I.) is limited to 30% of UMEC (B.V.I.)'s net worth of the financial report audited by the certified public accountants as of 31 December 2025, which amounts to NT$195,642 thousand.
3. The total limit of guarantee/endorsement amount by Global is limited to 35% of Global's net worth of the financial report audited by the certified public accountants as of 31 December 2025, which amounts to NT$163,982 thousand.
Note 5: "Y" for the listed (OTC) parent company guarantees/endorses for subsidiary, subsidiary guarantees/endorses for the listed (OTC) parent company or guarantee/endorse for companies in Mainland China.

Attachment 3: Securities held (Excluding subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures)

Holding Company	Type of securities	Name of securities	Relationship (Note 1)	Financial statement account	As of 31 December 2025				Note
					Shares	Carrying amount	Percentage of ownership (%)	Fair value
Tien Lung Investment Co., Ltd.	Stocks	LELON ELECTRONICS CORP.	-	Financial assets at FVTPL - current	484,153 shares	$51,804	0.29%	$51,804	-
				Subtotal		$51,804		$51,804
The Company	Stocks	Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Ltd.	-	Financial assets at FVTPL - current	31,000 shares	$48,050	0.00%	$48,050	-
The Company	Stocks	Taiwan Business Bank Co., Ltd.	-	Financial assets at FVTPL - current	5,300 shares	85	0.00%	85	-
The Company	Bonds	E.SUN FHC (ISIN: XS2327851874)	-	Financial assets at FVTPL - current		22,674	0.00%	22,674	-
The Company	Bonds	Berkshire Hathaway (ISIN: XS210101)	-	Financial assets at FVTPL - current		19,667	0.00%	19,667	-
The Company	Bonds	U.S. Treasury (ISIN: XS240102)	-	Financial assets at FVTPL - current		7,523	0.00%	7,523	-
				Subtotal		$97,999		$97,999
Tien Lung Investment Co., Ltd.	Stocks	GOODWAY MACHINE CORP.	-	Financial assets at FVOCI - non-current	34,327 shares	$1,516	0.03%	$1,516	-
Tien Lung Investment Co., Ltd.	Stocks	INTEGRATED DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.	-	Financial assets at FVOCI - non-current	279,129 shares	-	0.97%	-	-
Tien Lung Investment Co., Ltd.	Stocks	Asia Pacific Microsystems, Inc.	-	Financial assets at FVOCI - non-current	62,044 shares	489	0.13%	489	-
Tien Lung Investment Co., Ltd.	Stocks	EVERMORE TECHNOLOGY, INC.	-	Financial assets at FVOCI - non-current	195,192 shares	-	2.22%	-	-
				Subtotal		$2,005		$2,005
The Company	Stocks	GOODWAY MACHINE CORP.	-	Financial assets at FVOCI - non-current	50,567 shares	$2,232	0.05%	$2,232	-
The Company	Stocks	Partner Tech Corp.	-	Financial assets at FVOCI - non-current	574,151 shares	13,372	0.76%	13,372	-
The Company	Stocks	Connection Technology Systems Inc.	-	Financial assets at FVOCI - non-current	4,481,726 shares	58,263	10.99%	58,263	-
The Company	Stocks	Asia Pacific Microsystems, Inc.	-	Financial assets at FVOCI - non-current	1,208,872 shares	9,659	2.57%	9,659	-
The Company	Stocks	EVERMORE TECHNOLOGY, INC.	-	Financial assets at FVOCI - non-current	457,921 shares	-	5.20%	-	-
The Company	Stocks	Sylust Co., Ltd.	-	Financial assets at FVOCI - non-current	221,015 shares	20,488	0.73%	20,488	-
The Company	Stocks	AESOPower, INC.	-	Financial assets at FVOCI - non-current	2,505,643 shares	2,838	9.28%	2,838	-
The Company	Stocks	Hannlyn Technologies Inc.	-	Financial assets at FVOCI - non-current	700,000 shares	-	0.39%	-	-
The Company	Stocks	Silver PAC Inc.	-	Financial assets at FVOCI - non-current	1,809,609 shares	-	-	-	-
The Company	Stocks	Tensile Co., Ltd.	-	Financial assets at FVOCI - non-current	304,297 shares	548	1.38%	548	-
The Company	Stocks	Phoenix 3 Venture Capital Co., Ltd.	-	Financial assets at FVOCI - non-current	2,000,000 shares	21,521	8.70%	21,521	-
The Company	Stocks	LIEN SHEN ELECTRONICS CORP.	-	Financial assets at FVOCI - non-current	500,000 shares	5,714	14.29%	5,714	-
The Company	Stocks	GaN Power Technology Co., Ltd.	-	Financial assets at FVOCI - non-current	3,000,000 shares	10,218	6.20%	10,218	-
The Company	Stocks	AMIT System Service Ltd.	-	Financial assets at FVOCI - non-current	301,036 shares	-	11.00%	-	-
The Company	Stocks	UEC System Solutions Corporation	-	Financial assets at FVOCI - non-current	1,640,000 shares	1,771	11.08%	1,771	-
The Company	Stocks	Millilab Co., Ltd.	-	Financial assets at FVOCI - non-current	1,000,000 shares	720	13.87%	720	-
				Subtotal		$147,344		$147,344

Note 1: Not required if the issuer of securities is not a related party.

Attachment 4: Related party transactions for purchases and sales amounts exceeding the lower of NT$100 million or 20 percent of the capital stock

Related-party	Counter-party	Relationship	Intercompany Transactions				Details of non-arm's length transaction		Notes and accounts receivable (payable)
			Purchases (Sales)	Amount	Percentage of total consolidated purchase (Sales)	Credit period	Unit price	Credit period	Carrying amount	Percentage of total consolidated receivables (payable)
The Company	JA-LONG TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.(Shenzhen)	Subsidiary	Purchases	$1,405,206	54.21%	Collected over a specific period	$ -	-	$ -	-%
The Company	JA-LONG TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.(Shenzhen)	Subsidiary	Sales	497,033	13.24%	Collected over a specific period	-	-	295,210	34.20%
JA-LONG TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.(Shenzhen)	The Company	Subsidiary	Sales	1,405,206	95.14%	Collected over a specific period	-	-	-	-%
JA-LONG TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.(Shenzhen)	The Company	Subsidiary	Purchases	497,033	48.43%	Collected over a specific period	-	-	(295,210)	(60.77)%

Attachment 5: Receivables from related parties with amounts exceeding the lower of NT$100 million or 20 percent of the capital stock

Related-party	Counter-party	Relationship	Amount	Average collection turnover	Overdue account receivable-related parties		Collection in subsequent period	Allowance for doubtful debts
					Amount	Processing method
The Company	JA-LONG TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.(Shenzhen)	Subsidiary	Accounts receivable $295,210	1.40	$ -	-	$ -	$ -

Attachment 6: The business relationship, significant transactions and amounts between parent company and subsidiaries

No. (Note 1)	Related-party	Counterparty	Relationship with the Company (Note 2)	Transactions
				Account	Amount	Terms	Percentage of consolidated revenues or consolidated total assets (Note 3)
0	The Company	UMEC VIETNAM Co., Ltd.	1	Processing fees	$167,923	(Note 4)	5.02%
0	The Company	UMEC VIETNAM Co., Ltd.	1	Other prepayments	125,100	(Note 4)	3.01%
0	The Company	JA-LONG TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.(Shenzhen)	1	Sales	497,033	(Note 4)	14.86%
0	The Company	JA-LONG TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.(Shenzhen)	1	Accounts receivable	295,210	(Note 4)	7.09%
0	The Company	JA-LONG TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.(Shenzhen)	1	Purchases	1,405,206	(Note 4)	42.01%

Note 1: The Company is coded "0". The subsidiaries are coded consecutively beginning from "1" in the order presented in the table above.
Note 2: Transactions are categorized as follows:
1. The holding company to subsidiary.
2. Subsidiary to holding company.
3. Subsidiary to subsidiary.
Note 3: The percentage with respect to the Company asset/liability for transactions of balance sheet items are based on each item's balance at period-end.
For profit or loss items, interim cumulative balances are used as basis.
Note 4: The transaction terms include collecting payments over a specified period.

Attachment 7: Names, locations, main businesses and products, original investment amount, net income (loss) of investee company and investment income (loss) recognized (excluding investment in Mainland China):

Investor	Investee company	Address	Main businesses and products	Initial Investment		Investment as of 31 December 2025			Net income (loss) of investee company	Investment income (loss) recognized	Note
				Ending balance	Beginning balance	Number of shares (shares)	Percentage of Ownership (%)	Book value
The Company	UMEC (B.V.I.)	Vistra Corporate Services Centre, Wickhami City II, Road Town Tortola, VG1110, BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS	Professional investment and holding company	$753,401	$753,401	22,961,020	100.00%	$189,186	$(56,523)	$(55,141)	(Note 1)
The Company	Tien Lung Investment Co., Ltd.	1F., No. 37, Sec. 2, Meicun Rd., South Dist., Taichung City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)	Investment company	88,000	88,000	8,800,000	100.00%	73,074	17,449	17,449
The Company	ARadTek	8F-1, No.487, Dayou Rd., Taoyuan Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)	Manufacturing and trading of electronic components	42,643	42,559	4,264,244	84.95%	7,264	(2,141)	(1,814)
The Company	PT UMEC Green Tech Indonesia	Ketupang Business Centre, II. Kh. Zainul Arifia No 20 Blok A16 Jakarta Barat, Indonesia 11140	Trading of electronic components	3,602	3,602	-	60.00%	-	-	-
				USD 114,600	USD 114,600
The Company	UMEC (JAPAN)	No. 5-3, Osaki 3-chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo	Promotion and sales of switching power supplies, transformers, and PCB assemblies	1,368	1,368	-	100.00%	1,062	(39)	(39)
The Company	UMEC (USA)	1921 Ellen St #7 Sturgis,SD 57785,USA	Research, development, and sales of electromagnetic components	43,013	43,013	499,999	99.99%	34,038	(3,827)	(3,827)
The Company	UMEC VIETNAM Co., Ltd.	B(B1)lot, Quang Chau Industrial Park, Bac Giang Province, Vietnam	Manufacturing and trading of switching power supplies, transformers, and PCB assemblies	329,574	329,574	-	100.00%	88,466	(14,979)	(14,979)
The Company	Lightel Corporation	Oleander Way, 802 West Bay Road, P.O. Box 32052, Grand Cayman KY1-1208, Cayman Islands	Professional investment and holding company	57,306	57,306	5,082,027	20.51%	149,011	137,659	28,841
UMEC (B.V.I.)	UMEC (H.K.)	Unit B, 6/F, Levy Building, 61-63 Jingye Street, Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong	Handling export shipping and logistics operations related to Mainland China	7,196	7,196	1,782,000	100.00%	8,018	(5,834)	(5,834)
				HKD 1,782,000	HKD 1,782,000
UMEC (B.V.I.)	Global	P.O.Box 31119 Grand Pavilion, Hibiscus Way, 802 West Bay Road, Grand Cayman, KY1-1205 Cayman Islands.	Professional investment and holding company	729,646	729,646	23,214,961	100.00%	163,982	(49,722)	(49,722)
				USD 23,214,961	USD 23,214,961
Tien Lung Investment Co., Ltd.	ARadTek	8F-2, No.487, Dayou Rd., Taoyuan Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)	Manufacturing and trading of electronic components	5,366	5,420	536,547	10.69%	914	(2,141)	(232)
Tien Lung Investment Co., Ltd.	PORIS ELECTRONICS CO., LTD.	11 F., No. 866-7, Zhengzheng Rd., Zhonghe Dist., New Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)	Electronic information supply services industry	10,400	10,400	1,201,637	33.55%	9,948	11,026	3,699

Note 1: The investment income recognized in the current period includes the investment gains or losses generated by the investee company due to favorable or unfavorable market conditions.

Attachment 8: Investment in Mainland China

Investee company	Main Businesses and Products	Total Amount of Paid-in Capital	Method of Investment	Accumulated Outflow of Investment from Taiwan as of 1 January 2025	Investment Flows		Accumulated Outflow of Investment from Taiwan as of 31 December 2025	Net income (loss) of investee company	Percentage of Ownership	Investment income (loss) recognized	Carrying Value as of 31 December 2025	Accumulated Inward Remittance of Earnings as of 31 December 2025
					Outflow	Inflow
JA-LONG TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. (Shenzhen)	Manufacturing and trading of switching power supplies, transformers, and PCB assemblies	$554,740	Establishing a company through investment in a third jurisdiction and subsequently reinvesting in a company in mainland China.	$550,025	$ -	$ -	$550,025	$(80,444)	100.00%	$(80,444)	$136,629	$ -
		USD 17,650,000		USD 17,500,000			USD 17,500,000
UMEC Anhui Company Limited	Manufacturing and trading of switching power supplies, transformers, and PCB assemblies	188,580	Establishing a company through investment in a third jurisdiction and subsequently reinvesting in a company in mainland China.	188,580	-	-	188,580	-	-%	-	(Note 4)	-
		USD 6,000,000		USD 6,000,000			USD 6,000,000
UMEC Renlong Electronics Co., Ltd. (Meizhou)	Manufacturing and trading of switching power supplies and transformers	18,858	Establishing a company through investment in a third jurisdiction and subsequently reinvesting in a company in mainland China.	18,858	-	-	18,858	57,883	100.00%	57,883	(Note 5)	-
		USD 600,000		USD 600,000			USD 600,000
UMEC Fulong Electronics Co., Ltd. (Longyan)	Manufacturing and trading of switching power supplies and transformers	94,290	Establishing a company through investment in a third jurisdiction and subsequently reinvesting in a company in mainland China.	94,290	-	-	94,290	(23,129)	100.00%	(23,129)	9,310	-
		USD 3,000,000		USD 3,000,000			USD 3,000,000
Accumulated Investment in Mainland China as of 31 December 2025	Investment Amounts Authorized by Investment Commission, MOEA (Note1)	Upper Limit on Investment (Note2)
---	---	---
$851,753	$949,217	$1,208,409

Note 1: The Investment Commission of the Ministry of Economic Affairs has approved an investment amount of USD 30,201 thousand.
Note 2: According to Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C., the Company's investment in Mainland China is limited to $60\%$ of its net worth.
Note 3: The aforementioned amount in foreign currency will be converted into New Taiwan Dollars using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date.
Note 4: The company obtained approval for deregistration from the Administration for Industry and Commerce of Me'anshan City on 16 November 2018.
The liquidation process was completed on 17 January 2019, and the company received the notification letter of filing for deregistration from the Investment Commission of the Ministry of Economic Affairs on 9 June 2022.
Note 5: The Company obtained approval for deregistration from the Meizhou Municipal Administration for Market Regulation on 21 April 2025.

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UMEC Annual Report 2025

52064_rns_2026-05-26_17ca6cb4-9176-49f1-afa8-e08c61778f81.pdf

Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Consolidated Financial Statements

Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements

English Translation of Consolidated Financial Statements Originally Issued in Chinese

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

Financial liabilities at amortized cost

Derecognition of financial liabilities

Group as a lessor

(16) Intangible assets

Deferred tax

Defined benefits plan

Unrecognized deferred tax assets

The assessment of income tax returns

(22) Earnings per share

Interest rate risk

Equity price risk

Reconciliation of Level 3 recurring fair value measurements

Information on significant unobservable inputs to valuation

AI assistant

UMEC — Annual Report 2025

52064_rns_2026-05-26_17ca6cb4-9176-49f1-afa8-e08c61778f81.pdf

Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Consolidated Financial Statements

Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements

English Translation of Consolidated Financial Statements Originally Issued in Chinese

UNIVERSAL MICROELECTRONICS CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

Financial liabilities at amortized cost

Derecognition of financial liabilities

Group as a lessor

(16) Intangible assets

Deferred tax

Defined benefits plan

Unrecognized deferred tax assets

The assessment of income tax returns

(22) Earnings per share

Interest rate risk

Equity price risk

Reconciliation of Level 3 recurring fair value measurements

Information on significant unobservable inputs to valuation

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UMEC Annual Report 2025