AI assistant
Trulieve Cannabis Corp. — Capital/Financing Update 2021
Jan 29, 2021
44309_rns_2021-01-29_dafb5bb5-f9ec-410e-8cd6-c799645011fd.pdf
Capital/Financing Update
Open in viewerOpens in your device viewer
This short form prospectus has been filed under legislation in each of the provinces and territories of Canada that permits certain information about these securities to be determined after this prospectus has become final and that permits the omission from this prospectus of that information. The legislation requires the delivery to purchasers of a prospectus supplement containing the omitted information within a specified period of time after agreeing to purchase any of these securities.
No securities regulatory authority has expressed an opinion about these securities and it is an offence to claim otherwise. This short form base shelf prospectus constitutes a public offering of these securities only in those jurisdictions where they may be lawfully offered for sale and therein only by persons permitted to sell such securities. The securities offered hereby have not been and will not be registered under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ U.S. Securities Act ”), or the securities laws of any state of the United States, and may not be offered, sold or delivered, directly or indirectly, in the United States of America, its territories and, possessions, any state of the United States or the District of Columbia (the “ United States ”), or to a “U.S. person” (as such term is defined in Regulation S under the U.S. Securities Act) (a “ U.S. Person ”) unless exemptions from the registration requirements of the U.S. Securities Act and any applicable state securities laws are available. This short form base shelf prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any of these securities within the United States or to, or for the account or benefit of, any U.S. Person. See “Plan of Distribution”.
Information has been incorporated by reference in this short form prospectus from documents filed with securities commissions or similar authorities in Canada. Copies of the documents incorporated herein by reference may be obtained on request without charge from the secretary of the issuer at 6749 Ben Bostic Road, Quincy, Florida, 32351, telephone (850) 480-7955, and are also available electronically at www.sedar.com .
SHORT FORM BASE SHELF PROSPECTUS
New Issue and/or Secondary Offering
January 29, 2021
==> picture [164 x 63] intentionally omitted <==
TRULIEVE CANNABIS CORP.
$750,000,000
Subordinate Voting Shares Debt Securities Warrants Subscription Receipts Units
This short form base shelf prospectus (the “ Prospectus ”) relates to the offering for sale by Trulieve Cannabis Corp. (the “ Company ” or “ Trulieve ”) from time to time, during the 25-month period that this Prospectus, including any amendments thereto, remains valid, of up to $750,000,000 (or the equivalent in other currencies based on the applicable exchange rate at the time of the offering) in the aggregate of: (i) subordinate voting shares (“ Subordinate Voting Shares ”), (ii) debt securities (“ Debt Securities ”); (iii) warrants (“ Warrants ”) to acquire any of the other securities that are described in this Prospectus, (iii) subscription receipts (“ Subscription Receipts ”), and (iv) units (“ Units ”) comprised of one or more of any of the other securities that are described in this Prospectus, or any combination of such securities (all of the foregoing collectively, the “ Securities ” and individually, a “ Security ”). The Securities may be offered in amounts, at prices and on terms to be determined based on market conditions at the time of sale and set forth in an accompanying prospectus supplement (each, a “ Prospectus Supplement ”). One or more securityholders of the Company may also offer and sell Securities under this Prospectus. See “ The Selling Securityholders ”.
In addition, the Securities may be offered and issued in consideration for the acquisition of other businesses, assets or securities by the Company or one of its subsidiaries. The consideration for any such acquisition may consist of the Securities separately, a combination of Securities or any combination of, among other things, Securities, cash and assumption of liabilities.
Prospective investors should be aware that the purchase of any Securities may have tax consequences that may not be fully described in this Prospectus or in any Prospectus Supplement, and should carefully review the tax discussion, if any, in the applicable Prospectus Supplement and in any event consult with a tax adviser.
All shelf information permitted under applicable laws to be omitted from this Prospectus will be contained in one or more Prospectus Supplements that will be delivered to purchasers together with this Prospectus except in cases where an exemption from such delivery has been obtained. Each Prospectus Supplement will be incorporated by reference into this Prospectus for the purposes of securities legislation as of the date of the Prospectus Supplement and only for the purposes of the distribution of the Securities to which the Prospectus Supplement pertains.
The specific terms of any Securities offered will be described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement including, where applicable: (i) in the case of Subordinate Voting Shares, the number of Subordinate Voting Shares offered, the offering price, whether the Subordinate Voting Shares are being offered for cash, and any other terms specific to the Subordinate Voting Shares offered; (ii) in the case of Warrants, the number of Warrants being offered, the offering price, the designation, number and terms of the other Securities purchasable upon exercise of the Warrants, and any procedures that will result in the adjustment of those numbers, the exercise price, the dates and periods of exercise, whether the Warrants are being offered for cash, and any other terms specific to the Warrants offered; (iii) in the case of Subscription Receipts, the number of Subscription Receipts being offered, the offering price, the terms, conditions and procedures for the conversion of the Subscription Receipts into other Securities, the designation, number and terms of such other Securities, whether the Subscription Receipts are being offered for cash, and any other terms specific to the Subscription Receipts offered; and (iv) in the case of Units, the number of Units being offered, the offering price, the number and terms of the Securities comprising the Units, whether the Units are being offered for cash, and any other terms specific to the Units offered. Where required by statute, regulation or policy, and where the Securities are offered in currencies other than Canadian dollars, appropriate disclosure of foreign exchange rates applicable to the Securities will be included in the Prospectus Supplement describing the Securities. The Company does not intend on issuing “novel” securities pursuant to this Prospectus, as such term is defined under National Instrument 44-102 - Shelf Distributions (“ NI 44- 102 ”).
No underwriter or agent has been involved in the preparation of this Prospectus or performed any review of the contents of this Prospectus.
The Company or any selling securityholder may offer and sell the Securities to or through underwriters or dealers purchasing as principals, and may also sell directly to one or more purchasers or through agents or pursuant to applicable statutory exemptions. See “ Plan of Distribution ”. The Prospectus Supplement relating to a particular offering of Securities will identify each underwriter, dealer or agent, as the case may be, engaged by the Company or any selling securityholder in connection with the offering and sale of the Securities and the identity of any selling securityholder, and will set forth the terms of the offering of such Securities, including, to the extent applicable, any fees, discounts or any other compensation payable to underwriters, dealers or agents in connection with the offering, the method of distribution of the Securities, the initial issue price (in the event that the offering is a fixed price distribution), the proceeds that the Company or any selling securityholder will, or expects to receive and any other material terms of the plan of distribution.
The sale of Securities may be effected from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, or at non-fixed prices, such as market prices prevailing at the time of sale or prices related to such prevailing market prices to be negotiated with purchasers, including sales in transactions that are deemed to be “at the-market distributions” as defined in NI 44-102, including sales made directly on the Canadian Securities Exchange (the “ CSE ”) or other existing trading markets for the Securities, and as set forth in a Prospectus Supplement for such purpose. This Prospectus may qualify as an "at-the-market distribution" (as defined under NI 44-102). See “ Plan of Distribution ”.
The Securities may be sold from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed price or prices or at non-fixed prices. If offered on a non-fixed price basis, the Securities may be offered at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices determined by reference to the prevailing price of a specified security in a specified market or at prices to be negotiated with purchasers, in which case the compensation payable to an underwriter, dealer or agent in
ii
connection with any such sale will be decreased by the amount, if any, by which the aggregate price paid for Securities by the purchasers is less than the gross proceeds paid by the underwriter, dealer or agent to the Company or any selling securityholder. The price at which the Securities will be offered and sold may vary from purchaser to purchaser and during the period of distribution.
In connection with any offering of Securities, other than an “at-the-market distribution” (as defined in NI 44-102), unless otherwise specified in a Prospectus Supplement, the underwriters, dealers or agents, as the case may be, may over-allot or effect transactions which stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the market price of the Securities at a level other than those which otherwise might prevail on the open market. Such transactions may be commenced, interrupted or discontinued at any time. A purchaser who acquires Securities forming part of the underwriters’, dealers’ or agents’ over-allocation position acquires those securities under this Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement relating to the particular offering of Securities, regardless of whether the over-allocation position is ultimately filled through the exercise of the over-allotment option or secondary market purchases. See “ Plan of Distribution ”. No underwriter or dealer involved in an “at-the-market distribution”, no affiliate of such an underwriter or dealer and no person or company acting jointly or in concert with such underwriter or dealer, may, in connection with the distribution, enter into any transaction that is intended to stabilize or maintain the market price of the Securities or securities of the same class as the Securities distributed, including selling an aggregate number or principal amount of securities that would result in the underwriter or dealer creating an over-allocation position in the Securities distributed.
The issued and outstanding Subordinate Voting Shares are listed on the CSE under the symbol “TRUL”. On January 28, 2021, the last trading day prior to the date of this Prospectus, the closing price of the Subordinate Voting Shares on the CSE was $50.95. The outstanding subordinate voting share purchase warrants of the Company (the “ 2019 Warrants ”) are listed on the CSE and trading under the symbol “TRUL.WT”. On January 28, 2021, the last trading day completed prior to the date of this Prospectus, the closing price of the 2019 Warrants on the CSE was $33.45. The issued and outstanding 9.75% senior secured notes due 2024 of the Company (the “ 2019 Notes ”) are listed on the CSE and trading under the symbol “TRUL.DB.U”. On January 28, 2021, the last trading day completed prior to the date of this Prospectus, the closing price of the 2019 Notes on the CSE was US$105.00. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, each series or issue of Securities (other than Subordinate Voting Shares) will not be listed on any securities exchange. Accordingly, there is currently no market through which the Securities (other than Subordinate Voting Shares) may be sold and purchasers may not be able to resell such Securities purchased under this Prospectus. This may affect the pricing of such Securities in the secondary market, the transparency and availability of trading prices, the liquidity of such Securities and the extent of issuer regulation. See “ Risk Factors ”.
The Company has three classes of issued and outstanding shares: the Subordinate Voting Shares, the multiple voting shares (“ Multiple Voting Shares ”) and the super voting shares (the “ Super Voting Shares ”). The Subordinate Voting Shares are “restricted securities” within the meaning of such term under applicable Canadian securities laws. The Subordinate Voting Shares, the Multiple Voting Shares and the Super Voting Shares are substantially identical with the exception of the multiple voting rights and conversion rights attached to the Multiple Voting Shares and super Voting Shares. The Subordinate Voting Shares entitle the holders to notice of and to attend at any meeting of the shareholders of the Company, except a meeting of which only holders of another particular class or series of shares of the Company have the right to vote. Each Subordinate Voting Share is entitled to one vote per Subordinate Voting Share, each Multiple Voting Share is entitled to 100 votes per Multiple Voting Share and each Super Voting Shares is entitled to 200 votes per Super Voting Share on all matters upon which the holders of shares are entitled to vote, and holders of Subordinate Voting Shares, Multiple Voting Shares and Super Voting Shares will vote together on all matters subject to a vote of holders of each of those classes of shares as if they were one class of shares, except to the extent that a separate vote of holders as a separate class is required by law or provided by the Company’s articles. Each Multiple Voting Share is convertible into 100 Subordinate Voting Shares at any time at the option of the holders thereof and automatically in certain other circumstances. Each Super Voting Share is convertible into one Multiple Voting Share at any time at the option of the holders thereof and automatically in certain other circumstances. The holders of Subordinate Voting Shares have certain conversion rights in the event of a take-over bid for the Multiple Voting Shares and each of the Subordinate Voting Shares and Multiple Voting Shares benefit from contractual provisions that give them certain rights in the event of a take-over bid for the Super Voting Shares. See “ Description of the Share Capital of the Company – Take-Over Bid Protection ”.
iii
The directors and certain officers of the Company, all of whom reside outside of Canada, have appointed DLA Piper (Canada) LLP, Suite 2800, Park Place, 666 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6C 27Z, as agent for service of process. Purchasers are advised that it may not be possible for investors to enforce judgments obtained in Canada against any person or company that resides outside of Canada, even if the party has appointed an agent for service of process.
Investing in the Securities is speculative and involves significant risks. Readers should carefully review and evaluate the risk factors contained in this Prospectus, the applicable Prospectus Supplement and in the documents incorporated by reference herein before purchasing any Securities. See “ Forward-Looking Information ” and “ Risk Factors ”.
The Company is not making an offer of the Securities in any jurisdiction where such offer is not permitted.
Unless otherwise specified in a Prospectus Supplement relating to any Securities offered, certain legal matters in connection with the offering of Securities will be passed upon on behalf of Trulieve by DLA Piper (Canada) LLP.
The Company's head office is located at 6749 Ben Bostic Road, Quincy, Florida, 32351, telephone (850) 480-7955, and its registered office is located at Suite 2800, Park Place, 666 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6C 27Z.
iv
This Prospectus is being filed in relation to the distribution of securities of an entity that currently derives, directly, substantially all of its current revenues from the cannabis industry in the State of Florida, which industry is illegal under United States federal law and enforcement of relevant laws is a significant risk. The Company is directly involved (through its licensed subsidiary, Trulieve, Inc. (“Trulieve US”) in the cannabis industry in the State of Florida where local state laws permit such activities. Currently, Trulieve US is directly engaged in the cultivation, possession, use, sale and distribution of medical cannabis in the State of Florida. The State of Florida has legalized the medical use of cannabis and has not legalized the recreational use of cannabis.
On November 8, 2018, the Company announced it had entered into a stock purchase agreement to acquire all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Life Essence, Inc. (“Life Essence”), a Massachusetts corporation currently in the licensing and development phase for multiple adult-use and medical cannabis retail locations, and a cultivation and product manufacturing facility in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Life Essence has been awarded letters of support from the cities of Northampton, Cambridge and Holyoke, Massachusetts, and is applying for licenses to build and operate three medical Registered Marijuana Dispensaries, three recreational marijuana licenses, and a 126,000 square foot cultivation and processing facility. When completed, these initiatives will allow Life Essence to build out its infrastructure and engage in cannabis cultivation, processing and retailing in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
On November 8, 2018, the Company announced it had entered into a LLC membership interest purchase agreement to acquire all of the issued and outstanding membership interests of Leef Industries, LLC (“Leef Industries”), a licensed medical and adult-use cannabis dispensary located in Palm Springs, California. As a result of the acquisition of Leef Industries, the Company is currently directly engaged in the sale of medical and adult-use cannabis in the State of California.
On May 21, 2019, the Company announced it had acquired all of the issued and outstanding securities of The Healing Corner, Inc. (“Healing Corner”), a medical marijuana dispensary located in Bristol, Connecticut. As a result of the acquisition of Healing Corner, the Company is currently directly engaged in the sale of medical cannabis in the State of Connecticut.
On November 12, 2020, the Company announced it had acquired 100% of the membership interests of: (i) PurePenn LLC and Pioneer Leasing & Consulting LLC, which we refer to collectively as “PurePenn”, and (ii) Keystone Relief Centers LLC, which does business as and we refer to herein as “Solevo Wellness”. PurePenn operates marijuana cultivation and manufacturing facilities in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area. Solevo Wellness operates three medical marijuana dispensaries in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area. As a result of the acquisition of PurePenn and Solevo Wellness, the Company is currently directly engaged in the cultivation, possession, use, sale and distribution of medical cannabis in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Other than hemp and hemp derivatives under certain circumscribed circumstances, cannabis is illegal under United States federal law. The United States federal government regulates drugs through the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. § 811) (the “CSA”), which places controlled substances, including cannabis, in a schedule. Cannabis, other than hemp, is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance. Under United States federal law, a Schedule I controlled substance has a high potential for abuse, no accepted medical use in the United States, and a lack of accepted safety for the use of the drug under medical supervision. The United States Food and Drug Administration has not approved marijuana as a safe and effective drug for any indication. It is a federal felony to manufacture, distribute, dispense, or possess with intent to manufacture, distribute, or dispense cannabis. It is also a federal misdemeanor to knowingly or intentionally possess cannabis. And it is a federal felony to attempt or conspire to violate the CSA. Aiding and abetting a violation of the CSA is a federal crime punishable to the same degree as the underlying violation. See 18 U.S.C. § 2.
In the United States, 33 states, the District of Columbia, and the territories of the U.S. Virgin Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam and Puerto Rico have legalized cannabis for medical use, and 11 states — Alaska, California, Colorado, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, Oregon, v Vermont and Washington, and the District of Columbia — have legalized cannabis for adult or “recreational” use, although the District of Columbia does not permit the sale of cannabis. There is no guarantee that state laws legalizing and regulating the sale and use of cannabis will not be repealed or overturned, or that local governmental authorities will not limit the applicability of state laws within their respective jurisdictions.
State laws permit and regulate the production, distribution and use of cannabis for adult-use recreational or medical purposes are in direct conflict with the CSA. Although certain states authorize medical or adult-use cannabis production and distribution by licensed or registered entities, under U.S. federal law, the possession, use, cultivation, and transfer of cannabis and any related drug paraphernalia is illegal, and any such acts are criminal acts under United States federal law. The Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution establishes that the United States Constitution and federal laws made pursuant to it are paramount and, in case of conflict between federal and state law, the federal law must be applied.
On January 4, 2018, former United States Attorney General Jeff Sessions issued a memorandum (the ”Sessions Memo”) to United States district attorneys which rescinded previous guidance from the U.S. Department of Justice specific to cannabis enforcement in the United States, including the Cole Memorandum (as defined herein). In the absence of federal guidance, as had been established by the Cole Memorandum, numerous United States Attorneys with state-legal marijuana programs within their jurisdictions have announced enforcement priorities for their respective offices. For instance, on July 10, 2018, Andrew Lelling, United States Attorney for the District of Massachusetts, stated that while his office would not immunize any businesses from federal prosecution, he anticipated focusing the office’s marijuana enforcement efforts on: (1) overproduction; (2) targeted sales to minors; and (3) organized crime and interstate transportation of drug proceeds. Other United States attorneys provided less assurance, promising to enforce federal law, including the CSA in appropriate circumstances. Mr. Sessions resigned on November 7, 2018. Following the brief tenure of Matthew Whitaker as the acting United States Attorney General, on December 7, 2018, President Donald Trump announced the nomination of William Barr and, on February 14, 2019, Mr. Barr was confirmed as Attorney General. The DOJ under Mr. Barr did not take a formal position on federal enforcement of laws relating to cannabis. On December 14, 2020, President Trump announced that Mr. Barr would be resigning from his post as Attorney General, effective December 23, 2020. President Biden has nominated Merrick Garland to succeed Mr. Barr as the U.S. Attorney General. It is unclear what impact, if any, the new administration will have on U.S. federal government enforcement policy on cannabis. If the DOJ policy shifts to aggressively pursue financiers or equity owners of cannabis-related business, and United States Attorneys followed such policies through pursuing prosecutions, then the Company could face (i) seizure of its cash and other assets used to support or derived from its cannabis subsidiaries, and (ii) the arrest of its employees, directors, officers, managers and investors, who could face charges of ancillary criminal violations of the CSA for aiding and abetting and conspiring to violate the CSA by virtue of providing financial support to state-licensed or permitted cultivators, processors, distributors, and/or retailers of cannabis. Additionally, as has recently been affirmed by U.S. Customs and Border Protection, employees, directors, officers, managers and investors of the Company who are not U.S. citizens face the risk of being barred from entry into the United States for life. Other federal agencies may also pursue investigations or civil enforcement actions against the Company for violations of other federal laws or regulations as a result of the Company providing services or goods to the cannabis industry. As such, there are a number of risks associated with the Company’s existing and future investments in the United States.
There is no guarantee that state laws legalizing and regulating the sale and use of cannabis will not be repealed or overturned, or that local governmental authorities will not limit the applicability of state laws within their respective jurisdictions. Unless and until the United States Congress amends the CSA with respect to cannabis (and as to the timing or scope of any such potential amendments there can be no assurance), there is a risk that federal authorities may enforce current U.S. federal law. If the United States federal government begins to enforce United States federal laws relating to cannabis in states where the sale and use of cannabis is currently legal, or if existing applicable state laws are repealed or curtailed, Trulieve’s business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects would be materially adversely affected.
vi
Although the Cole Memorandum has been rescinded, one legislative safeguard for the medical marijuana industry remains in place: Congress has passed a so-called “rider” provision in the FY 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 Consolidated Appropriations Acts to prevent the federal government from using congressionally appropriated funds to enforce federal marijuana laws against regulated medical marijuana actors operating in compliance with state and local law. The rider is known as the “Rohrabacher-Farr” Amendment after its original lead sponsors (it is also sometimes referred to as the ”RohrabacherBlumenauer” or “Joyce-Leahy” Amendment, but it is referred to in this Prospectus as ”Rohrabacher-Farr”). On December 27, 2020, President Donald Trump signed the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021, which included the Rohrabacher-Farr Amendment, which prohibits the funding of federal prosecutions with respect to medical cannabis activities that are legal under state law. The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021 makes appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2021. There can be no assurances that the Rohrabacher-Farr Amendment will be included in future appropriations bills or budget resolutions. See "United States Regulatory Environment" for additional information. See “Regulatory Overview - Federal Regulation of Cannabis in the United States” in the Prospectus.
Marijuana remains a Schedule I controlled substance under the CSA, and neither the Cole Memorandum nor its rescission nor the continued passage of the Rohrabacher-Farr Amendment has altered that fact. The federal government of the United States has always reserved the right to enforce federal law in regard to the sale and disbursement of medical or adult-use marijuana, even if state law sanctions such sale and disbursement. If the United States federal government begins to enforce United States federal laws relating to cannabis in states where the sale and use of cannabis is currently legal, or if existing applicable state laws are repealed or curtailed, the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects would be materially adversely affected.
The United States Customs and Border Patrol has stated that investing in or doing business with the cannabis industry in the United States may be grounds to find non-U.S. citizens ineligible to enter the United States. Whether or not the Department of Justice initiates an investigation, civil enforcement action, or criminal prosecution, investors in the Company who are not U.S. citizens may be subject to lifetime bans from entering the United States as a result of their investment in the Company.
There can be no assurance that third party service providers, including, but not limited to, suppliers, contractors and banks will not suspend or withdraw services, which could negatively impact the business of the Company.
In light of the political and regulatory uncertainty surrounding the treatment of U.S. cannabis-related activities, including the rescission of the Cole Memorandum discussed above, on February 8, 2018 the Canadian Securities Administrators published a CSA Staff Notice 51-352 – (Revised) Issuers with U.S. Marijuana-Related Activities (“Staff Notice 51-352”) setting out the Canadian Securities Administrator’s disclosure expectations for specific risks facing issuers with cannabis-related activities in the United States.
Staff Notice 51-352 includes additional disclosure expectations that apply to all issuers with U.S. cannabisrelated activities, including those with direct and indirect involvement in the cultivation and distribution of cannabis, as well as issuers that provide goods and services to third parties involved in the U.S. cannabis industry. The Company is directly involved in the cultivation and distribution of cannabis in the United States for purposes of Staff Notice 51-352.
For these reasons, the Company’s operations in the United States cannabis market may subject the Company to heightened scrutiny by regulators, stock exchanges, clearing agencies and other United States and Canadian authorities. There are a number of risks associated with the business of the Company. See section entitled “ Regulatory Overview” and “ Risk Factors ” in this Prospectus and in the Annual Information Form (as hereinafter defined).
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GENERAL MATTERS ................................................................................................................................................. 1 FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION ................................................................................................................... 2 CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES ....................................................... 3 DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE ................................................................................................ 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS ........................................................................................................................... 5 REGULATORY OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................................... 10 THE SELLING SECURITYHOLDERS ..................................................................................................................... 33 USE OF PROCEEDS .................................................................................................................................................. 34 DESCRIPTION OF THE SHARE CAPITAL OF THE COMPANY ......................................................................... 34 CONSOLIDATED CAPITALIZATION .................................................................................................................... 38 DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES BEING DISTRIBUTED ..................................................................................... 38 PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION ........................................................................................................................................ 42 EXEMPTIONS ............................................................................................................................................................ 43 PRIOR SALES ............................................................................................................................................................ 44 TRADING PRICE AND VOLUME ........................................................................................................................... 44 DIVIDENDS ................................................................................................................................................................ 44 CERTAIN CANADIAN FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS .............................................................. 44 RISK FACTORS ......................................................................................................................................................... 44 INTERESTS OF EXPERTS ........................................................................................................................................ 59 TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR .................................................................................................................. 59 MATERIAL CONTRACTS ........................................................................................................................................ 59 LEGAL MATTERS .................................................................................................................................................... 59 AGENT FOR SERVICE OF PROCESS ..................................................................................................................... 60 STATUTORY RIGHTS OF WITHDRAWAL AND RESCISSION .......................................................................... 60 CERTIFICATE OF THE COMPANY ...................................................................................................................... C-1
viii
GENERAL MATTERS
Unless otherwise noted or the context indicates otherwise, the “ Company ”, “ Trulieve ”, “ we ”, “ us ” and “ our ” refer to Trulieve Cannabis Corp. and its material subsidiaries, Trulieve, Inc. (“ Trulieve US ”), Leef Industries, LLC (“ Leef Industries ”), Life Essence, Inc. (“ Life Essence ”), Trulieve Holdings, Inc. (“ Trulieve Holdings ”), Trulieve Bristol, Inc., formerly The Healing Corner, Inc. (“ Healing Corner ”), PurePenn LLC (“ PurePenn ”) and Keystone Relief Centers LLC (“ Solevo Wellness ”).
Prospective investors should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and any applicable Prospectus Supplement in connection with an investment in the Securities. No person is authorized by the Company to provide any information or to make any representation other than as contained in this Prospectus or any Prospectus Supplement in connection with the issue and sale of the Securities offered hereunder. Prospective investors should assume that the information appearing in this Prospectus or any Prospectus Supplement is accurate only as of the date on the front of those documents and that information contained in any document incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of that document unless specified otherwise. The Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.
The address of the Company’s website is www.trulieve.com. Information contained on the Company’s website does not form part of this Prospectus nor is it incorporated by reference herein or therein. Investors should rely only on information contained or incorporated by reference in this Prospectus Supplement and the Prospectus.
Market and Industry Data
Unless otherwise indicated, information contained or incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and any applicable Prospectus Supplement concerning the Company’s industry and the markets in which it operates or seeks to operate is based on information from third party sources, industry reports and publications, websites and other publicly available information, and management studies and estimates. Unless otherwise indicated, the Company’s estimates are derived from publicly available information released by third party sources as well as data from the Company's own internal research, and include assumptions which the Company believes to be reasonable based on management's knowledge of the Company’s industry and markets. The Company’s internal research and assumptions have not been verified by any independent source, and the Company has not independently verified any third party information. While the Company believes that such third party information to be generally reliable, such information and estimates are inherently imprecise. In addition, projections, assumptions and estimates of the Company’s future performance or the future performance of the industry and markets in which the Company operates are necessarily subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in this Prospectus, any applicable Prospectus Supplement and the documents incorporated by reference herein.
Trademarks and Trade Names
This Prospectus, any applicable Prospectus Supplement and the documents incorporated herein by reference include references to the Company’s trademarks including without limitation Trulieve®, which is protected under applicable intellectual property laws and are the Company’s property. The Company’s trademarks and trade names referred to in this Prospectus, any applicable Prospectus Supplement and the documents incorporated herein by reference may appear without the[®] or ™ symbol, but references to the Company’s trademarks and trade names in the absence of such symbols are not intended to indicate, in any way, that the Company will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, its rights to these trademarks and trade names. All other trademarks and trade names used in this Prospectus, any applicable Prospectus Supplement or in documents incorporated herein by reference are the property of their respective owners.
Presentation of Financial Information
The financial statements of Trulieve incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and any applicable Prospectus Supplement are reported in United States dollars and have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. Certain calculations included in
-1-
tables and other figures in this Prospectus and any applicable Prospectus Supplement may have been rounded for clarity of presentation.
Currency Presentation and Exchange Rates
Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to “$”, “C$” and “dollars” mean references to the lawful money of Canada. All references to “US$” refer to United States dollars.
On January 28, 2021, the daily exchange rate for the United States dollar in terms of Canadian dollars, as quoted by the Bank of Canada, was US$1.00 = $ 1.2810.
FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This Prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein contain certain “forward-looking information” and “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities legislation (collectively, “ forward-looking statements ”) which are based upon the Company's current internal expectations, estimates, projections, assumptions and beliefs. Such statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “expect”, “likely”, “may”, “will”, “should”, “intend”, or “anticipate”, “potential”, “proposed”, “estimate” and other similar words, including negative and grammatical variations thereof, or statements that certain events or conditions “may” or “will” happen, or by discussions of strategy. Any statements contained in this Prospectus that are not statements of historical facts may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include estimates, plans, expectations, opinions, forecasts, projections, targets, guidance, or other statements that are not statements of fact. Such forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this Prospectus, or in the case of documents incorporated by reference herein, as of the date of each such document. Forward-looking statements in this Prospectus, any Prospectus Supplement or the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein include, but are not limited to, statements with respect to:
-
the performance of the Company’s business and operations;
-
the receipt and/or maintenance by the Company of required licenses and third party consents in a timely manner or at all;
-
the intention to grow the business, operations and potential activities of the Company;
-
the expected growth in the number of people using the Company’s medical and/or adult-use cannabis products;
-
expectations of market size and growth in the United States;
-
the competitive conditions of the industry;
-
applicable laws, regulations and any amendments thereof;
-
the competitive and business strategies of the Company;
-
the Company’s operations in the United States, the characterization and consequences of those operations under federal United States law, and the framework for the enforcement of medical and adult-use cannabis and cannabis-related offenses in the United States;
-
the completion of additional cultivation and production facilities;
-
the general economic, financial market, regulatory and political conditions in which the Company operates;
-
the United States regulatory landscape and enforcement related to cannabis, including political risks;
-
anti-money laundering laws and regulation and other governmental and environmental regulation;
-
public opinion and perception of the cannabis industry;
-
the impact of the novel coronavirus disease (“ COVID-19 ”) on the Company’s business; and
-
the medical benefits, viability, safety, efficacy and social acceptance of cannabis.
Forward-looking information contained in this Prospectus and in certain documents incorporated by reference in this Prospectus are based on the key assumptions described in such documents. Certain of the forward-looking information contained in this Prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference herein concerning the medical cannabis and adult-use cannabis industry, the general expectations of Trulieve related thereto; the Company’s ability to implement its growth strategies and business plan; the Company’s ability to keep pace with
-2-
changing consumer preferences; the ongoing ability of the Company to conduct business in the regulatory environments in which the Company operates and may operate in the future; anticipated adjustments, if any, to the Company’s operations as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic; the Company’s continued response and ability to navigate the COVID-19 pandemic being consistent with, or better than, its ability and response to date; the profitability or liquidity of the Company and the impact of increased debt and interest costs; and the Company’s business and operations are based on estimates prepared by Trulieve using data from publicly available governmental sources, as well as from market research and industry analysis and on assumptions based on data and knowledge of this industry which the Company believes to be reasonable. However, although generally indicative of relative market positions, market shares and performance characteristics, such data is inherently imprecise. While Trulieve is not aware of any misstatement regarding any industry or government data presented herein, the current medical marijuana industry involves risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors.
Readers are cautioned that the above list of cautionary statements is not exhaustive. A number of factors could cause actual events, performance or results to differ materially from what is projected in forward-looking statements. The purpose of forward-looking statements is to provide the reader with a description of management's expectations, and such forward-looking statements may not be appropriate for any other purpose. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements contained in this Prospectus, any Prospectus Supplement or in any document incorporated by reference herein or therein. Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, it can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to have been correct. Trulieve undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law. The forward-looking statements contained in this Prospectus, any Prospectus Supplement and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. Holders of the Securities should read this entire Prospectus, and each applicable Prospectus Supplement, and consult their own professional advisors to ascertain and assess the income tax and legal risks and other aspects associated with holding Securities.
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
The Company uses certain non-IFRS performance measures such as adjusted EBITDA (loss) and working capital in this Prospectus or in documents incorporated by reference herein, which are not measures calculated in accordance with IFRS and have limitations as analytical tools. These performance measures have no meaning under IFRS and therefore amounts presented may not be comparable to similar data presented by other companies. The most direct comparable measure to adjusted EBITDA (loss) (excluding fair value adjustment to inventory and biological assets) calculated in accordance with IFRS is income from operations (loss), less depreciation and amortization less fair value adjustment related to inventory and biological assets. The Company defines working capital as current assets less current liabilities. These measures should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for any standardized measure under IFRS. The data is intended to provide additional information and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for measures of performance such as net income (loss) or other data prepared in accordance with IFRS.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Information has been incorporated by reference in this Prospectus from documents filed with the securities commissions or similar regulatory authorities in Canada. The following documents, each of which has been filed with the securities regulatory authorities in each province and territory of Canada, are specifically incorporated by reference and form an integral part of this Prospectus:
-
the annual information form of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2019 dated April 7, 2020 (the “ Annual Information Form ”);
-
the Company’s audited financial statements as at and for the financial years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, and related notes thereto, together with the independent auditor’s report thereon;
-
the management’s discussion and analysis for the financial year ended December 31, 2019;
-3-
-
the Company’s unaudited condensed interim consolidated financial statements for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019;
-
the Company’s management’s discussion and analysis for the nine month period ended September 30, 2020;
-
the management information circular of the Company dated April 28, 2020 prepared in connection with the annual meeting of shareholders of the Company held on June 2, 2020;
-
the material change report dated April 24, 2020, regarding the appointment of Alex D’Amico as the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, effective June 1, 2020; and
-
the material change report dated September 25, 2020, regarding the closing of the underwritten public offering (the “ September 2020 Offering ”) of Subordinate Voting Shares for gross proceeds to Trulieve of $115,517,500.
Any documents of the type required to be incorporated by reference herein pursuant to National Instrument 44-101 – Short Form Prospectus Distributions , including any annual information form, all material change reports (excluding confidential reports, if any), all annual and interim financial statements and management's discussion and analysis relating thereto, or information circular or amendments thereto that the Company files with any securities commission or similar regulatory authority in Canada after the date of this Prospectus and prior to the expiry of this Prospectus will be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this Prospectus.
Upon a new annual information form and annual consolidated financial statements being filed by the Company with the applicable Canadian securities commissions or similar regulatory authorities in Canada during the period that this Prospectus is effective, the previous annual information form, the previous annual consolidated financial statements and all interim consolidated financial statements and in each case the accompanying management’s discussion and analysis and material change reports, filed prior to the commencement of the financial year of the Company in which the new annual information form is filed shall be deemed to no longer be incorporated into this Prospectus for purpose of future offers and sales of Securities under this Prospectus. Upon interim consolidated financial statements and the accompanying management’s discussion and analysis being filed by the Company with the applicable Canadian securities commissions or similar regulatory authorities during the period that this Prospectus is effective, all interim consolidated financial statements and the accompanying management’s discussion and analysis filed prior to such new interim consolidated financial statements and management’s discussion and analysis shall be deemed to no longer be incorporated into this Prospectus for purposes of future offers and sales of Securities under this Prospectus. In addition, upon a new management information circular for an annual meeting of shareholders being filed by the Company with the applicable Canadian securities commissions or similar regulatory authorities during the period that this Prospectus is effective, the previous management information circular filed in respect of the prior annual meeting of shareholders shall no longer be deemed to be incorporated into this Prospectus for purposes of future offers and sales of Securities under this Prospectus.
A Prospectus Supplement containing the specific terms of any offering of the Securities will be delivered to purchasers of the Securities together with this Prospectus and will be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this Prospectus as of the date of the Prospectus Supplement and only for the purposes of the offering of the Securities to which that Prospectus Supplement pertains.
In addition, certain marketing materials (as that term is defined in applicable Canadian securities legislation) may be used in connection with a distribution of Securities under this Prospectus and the applicable Prospectus Supplement(s). Any “template version” of “marketing materials” (as those terms are defined in applicable Canadian securities legislation) pertaining to a distribution of Securities, and filed by the Company after the date of the Prospectus Supplement for the distribution and before termination of the distribution of such Securities, will be deemed to be incorporated by reference in that Prospectus Supplement for the purposes of the distribution of Securities to which the Prospectus Supplement pertains.
-4-
Any statement contained in this Prospectus or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this Prospectus to the extent that a statement contained herein, in any Prospectus Supplement hereto or in any other subsequently filed document which also is, or is deemed to be, incorporated by reference herein, modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not constitute a part of this Prospectus, except as so modified or superseded. The modifying or superseding statement need not state that it has modified or superseded a prior statement or include any other information set forth in the document or statement that it modifies or supersedes. The making of such a modifying or superseding statement shall not be deemed an admission for any purposes that the modified or superseded statement, when made, constituted a misrepresentation, an untrue statement of a material fact or an omission to state a material fact that is required to be stated or that is necessary to make a statement not misleading in light of the circumstances in which it is made.
The Company has not provided or otherwise authorized any other person to provide investors with information other than as contained or incorporated by reference in this Prospectus or any Prospectus Supplement. If an investor is provided with different or inconsistent information, such investor should not rely on it.
DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS
Corporate Structure
The Company was incorporated under the Business Corporations Act (Ontario) on September 17, 1940. The Company changed its name from “Bandolac Mining Corporation” to “Schyan Exploration Inc. / Exploration Schyan Inc.” on October 29, 2008.
On September 19, 2018, in connection with the Transaction (as hereinafter defined), the Company filed Articles of Amendment under the Business Corporations Act (Ontario) to (i) effect the name change from “Schyan Exploration Inc. / Exploration Schyan Inc.” to “Trulieve Cannabis Corp.”, (ii) re-designate all of the then issued and outstanding common shares of the Company into Subordinate Voting Shares, on the basis that each one issued and outstanding common share was re-designated into one Subordinate Voting Share, and (iii) increase the authorized capital of the Company by creating two new classes of shares, an unlimited number of Super Voting Shares and an unlimited number of Multiple Voting Shares (the “ Share Reorganization ”).
On September 19, 2018, in connection with the Transaction, the Company continued into the Province of British Columbia as a corporation under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) and consolidated its issued and outstanding Subordinate Voting Shares on the basis of one post-consolidation share for every 80.94486 preconsolidation shares.
On September 21, 2018, the Company acquired all of the securities of Trulieve US by way of a plan of merger (the “ Transaction ”). Pursuant to the Transaction, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company created to effect the Transaction merged with and into Trulieve US and Trulieve US became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. In addition and in connection with the Transaction, 10,927,500 issued and outstanding subscription receipts of Trulieve US were exchanged for 10,927,500 Subordinate Voting Shares of the Company (3,573,450 of which Subordinate Voting Shares were immediately converted into 35,734.50 Multiple Voting Shares), and 548,446 broker warrants of Trulieve US were exchanged for 548,446 broker warrants to purchase Subordinate Voting Shares of the Company at an exercise price of $6.00 per share until September 21, 2020, and 8,784,872 compensation warrants of Trulieve US were exchanged for 8,784,872 compensation warrants to purchase Subordinate Voting Shares at an exercise price of $6.00 per share. As a result of the Transaction, the Company met the CSE listing requirements and the Subordinate Voting Shares commenced trading on the CSE under the symbol “TRUL” on September 25, 2018.
The registered office of the Company is located at 2800 Park Place, 666 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6C 2Z7. The head office is located at 6749 Ben Bostic Road, Quincy, Florida, 32351.
-5-
Inter-Corporate Relationships
Trulieve has seven material subsidiaries, being Trulieve US, Leef Industries, Life Essence, Trulieve Holdings, Healing Corner, PurePenn and Solevo Wellness, all of which are wholly-owned (directly or indirectly) by Trulieve.
The following chart illustrates, as of the date hereof, the Company’s corporate structure including details of the jurisdiction of formation of each subsidiary.
==> picture [448 x 239] intentionally omitted <==
----- Start of picture text -----
Trulieve Cannabis Corp.
(British Columbia)
Trulieve, Inc. Trulieve Holdings, Inc. Life Essence, Inc. Leef Industries LLC
(Florida) (Delaware) (Massachusetts) (California)
Trulieve Bristol, Inc. PurePen LLC Keystone Relief Centers LLC
(Connecticut) (Pennsylvania) (Pennsylvania)
Notes:
----- End of picture text -----
-
(1) The board of directors and executive officers of Trulieve US is the same as Trulieve.
-
(2) The board of directors and executive officers of Leef Industries, Life Essence, Trulieve Holdings, Healing Corner, PurePenn and Solevo Wellness are: Kim Rivers (director and president) and Eric Powers (director and secretary/treasurer).
Business of the Company
General
The Company is a multi-state cannabis operator which currently operates under licenses in five states, Florida, California, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Pennsylvania. In addition, the Company has been awarded a processor permit by the West Virginia Office of Medical Cannabis. The Company has not undertaken any business activities in West Virginia to date. Headquartered in Quincy, Florida, the Company is focused on being the brand leader for quality medical and recreational cannabis products and service in all markets it serves.
Trulieve has seven material subsidiaries, being Trulieve US, Leef Industries, Life Essence, Trulieve Holdings, Healing Corner, PurePenn and Solevo Wellness, all of which are wholly-owned (directly or indirectly) by Trulieve. Trulieve US is a vertically integrated “seed to sale” cannabis company and is the first and largest fully licensed medical marijuana company in the State of Florida. Trulieve US cultivates and produces all of its products in-house and distributes those products to Trulieve branded stores (dispensaries) throughout the State of Florida, as well as directly to patients via home delivery.
As of December 31, 2020, Trulieve US operated over 1,900,000 square feet of cultivation facilities across five sites. In accordance with Florida law, Trulieve US grows in secure enclosed indoor facilities and greenhouse structures.
Trulieve US operates a Good Manufacturing Practices (“ GMP ”) certified processing facility encompassing
-6-
approximately 55,000 square feet. In line with its patient-first mantra, Trulieve has developed a suite of Trulievebranded products with over 500 stock keeping units (“ SKUs ”) including smokable flower, edibles, vaporizer cartridges, concentrates, topicals, capsules, tinctures, dissolvable powders, and nasal sprays. This wide variety of products gives patients the ability to select from numerous effective products in their preferred form or route of administration. Trulieve US distributes its products to patients in Trulieve-branded retail stores and by home delivery.
As of December 31, 2020, Trulieve operated 75 stores, encompassing over 240,000 square feet of retail space, throughout the States of Florida, California, Connecticut and Pennsylvania.
Life Essence is currently in the permitting and development phase for multiple adult-use and medical cannabis retail locations in Massachusetts, as well as a cultivation and product manufacturing facility. Life Essence has been awarded Provisional Certificates of Registration from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (now under authority of Cannabis Control Commission) to operate medical Marijuana Treatment Centers in Cambridge, Holyoke, and Northampton and a medical marijuana cultivation and processing facility in Holyoke. Following completion of construction, receipt of Final Certificates of Registration and local permitting, Life Essence will engage in medical cannabis cultivation, processing and retailing in Massachusetts. Life Essence also has provisional adult-use license licenses and has entered Host Community Agreements with the City of Holyoke and the City of Northampton that, subject to other state and local approvals, authorize Life Essence to cultivate and process adultuse cannabis in Holyoke and conduct adult-use sales in the City of Northampton.
Leef Industries operates a licensed medical and adult-use cannabis dispensary located in Palm Springs, California. Trulieve believes Leef Industries has demonstrated encouraging growth in the market, offering in-store and online shopping, along with product home delivery.
Healing Corner is a licensed medical cannabis dispensary located in Connecticut. Healing Corner was founded in 2014 and provides a range of medical marijuana products from its dispensary in Bristol, Connecticut. Patients may also reserve their medical marijuana order through Healing Corner’s Canna-Fill online system. Healing Corner scored the highest of all applicants on the first Request for Application for licensing and serves approximately 11%, as at June 30, 2020, of Connecticut’s medical marijuana patient population.
PurePenn operates marijuana cultivation and manufacturing facilities in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area, and currently wholesales to 100% of the operating dispensaries in Pennsylvania. As of December 31, 2020, PurePenn has 35,000 square feet of cultivation with the ability to produce over 460,000 grams of finished product annually.
Solevo Wellness operates three medical marijuana dispensaries, each with six points of sale, in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area.
For certain other details about the Company’s business, please refer to the Annual Information Form and other documents incorporated by reference in this Prospectus that are available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.
Recent Developments
On January 3, 2020, pursuant to the terms of the Company’s stock option plan, the Board of Directors awarded stock options to purchase 1,027,042 Subordinate Voting Shares to directors, officers and key employees of the Company.
Alex D’Amico was appointed as the Chief Financial Officer of Trulieve, effective June 1, 2020. The Company’s Controller and Director of Financial Reporting, Ryan Blust, served as Interim Chief Financial Officer from April 24, 2020 to June 1, 2020.
At the annual general meeting of the shareholders of the Company held on June 2, 2020, two new directors, Susan Thronson and Thomas Millner, were appointed to the Board of Directors of the Company.
On July 14, 2020, the Company announced that it no longer met the definition of a "foreign private issuer" under United States securities laws since more than 50% of the Company's issued and outstanding Subordinate Voting
-7-
Shares were directly or indirectly owned by shareholders of record domiciled in the United States on June 30, 2020. As a result, the Company was deemed a U.S. domestic issuer under United States securities laws and became subject to the reporting requirements of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ SEC ”) applicable to U.S. domestic companies on January 1, 2021. These U.S. reporting requirements will require Trulieve's financial statements and financial data to be presented under U.S. GAAP. Trulieve anticipated this reporting change and has an established task force of internal and external resources in place to manage the transition.
On September 21, 2020, the Company completed the September 2020 Offering of 4,715,000 Subordinate Voting Shares at a price of $24.50 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds to Trulieve of $115,517,500.
On November 12, 2020, the Company completed the acquisition of all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of PurePenn and Solevo Wellness. In connection with the closing of the acquisition, the Company entered into registration rights agreements with certain of the former PurePenn shareholders pursuant to which the Company agreed to register for resale the Subordinate Voting Shares issued to such former PurePenn shareholders at the closing of the acquisition. The Company is proposing to register the Subordinate Voting Shares issued to certain of the former shareholders of PurePenn and Solevo Wellness under the Registration Statement (as hereinafter defined). In connection with the closing of the acquisitions of PurePenn and Solevo Wellness, the Company entered into lockup agreements with the former shareholders of PurePenn and Solevo Wellness who participated in those transactions. Such lock-up agreements restrict the sale of the Subordinate Voting Shares issued in connection with the closing of such acquisitions by those parties for periods of six, 12 and 18 months, in each case with respect to one-third of the Subordinate Voting Shares issued pursuant to the acquisitions.
On November 13, 2020, the Company announced it had been awarded a processor permit by the West Virginia Office of Medical Cannabis.
On December 10, 2020, the Company announced it had amended the terms of the issued and outstanding subordinate voting share purchase warrants of the Company (the “ Warrants ”) to convert the exercise price of the Warrants to USD $13.47 per share, being the U.S. dollar equivalent of the Canadian dollar exercise price of the Warrants of $17.25. The U.S. dollar exercise price was determined using the U.S. dollar exchange rate published by the Bank of Canada as at the close of business on December 9, 2020 of $1.00 = USD $0.781. The Warrants are listed and posted for trading on the CSE under the symbol “TRUL.WT”. No other terms of the Warrants were changed and each Warrant remains exercisable to acquire one Subordinate Voting Share of the Company until June 18, 2022, subject to adjustment in certain events.
On January 4, 2021, pursuant to the terms of the Company’s stock option plan, the Board of Directors awarded stock options to purchase 326,680 Subordinate Voting Shares to directors, officers and key employees of the Company.
On January 12, 2021, the Company filed a registration statement (the “ Registration Statement ”) on Form S-1 with the SEC relating to the sale or other disposition from time to time of up to 75,229,322 Subordinate Voting Shares, consisting of (i) 9,981,225 Subordinate Voting Shares, (ii) 59,186,536 Subordinate Voting Shares issuable upon conversion of Super Voting Shares, and Multiple Voting Shares, and (ii) 6,061,561 Subordinate Voting Shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants of the Company by the selling shareholders named therein. The Company is not selling any Subordinate Voting Shares under the Registration Statement and will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of Subordinate Voting Shares by the selling shareholders named therein.
More detailed information regarding the business of the Company as well as its operations, assets, and properties can be found in the Annual Information form and other documents incorporated by reference herein, as supplemented by the disclosure herein. See “ Documents Incorporated by Reference ”.
Reconciliation Regarding Proceeds of Prior Financings
The Company completed brokered public offerings to raise US $60 million and US $83.2 million in November 2019 (the “ November 2019 Offering ”) and September 2020, respectively (together, the “ Prior Offerings ”). The following disclosure reconciles the actual use of proceeds from the Prior Offerings as required by subsection 1.4(i) of Form 51-102F1 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis .
-8-
The prospectus supplements of the Company filed in connection with the Prior Offerings disclose the Company’s proposed use of proceeds as being for capital expenditures, acquisitions and for general corporate purposes. The Company generates cash from operations, all of which is also used for similar purposes and it is difficult for the Company, if not impossible, to track the funds raised from the Prior Offerings through to particular expenditures. The Company can say that it has used the funds raised from the Prior Offerings for the purposes disclosed in the prospectus supplements filed in connection with the Prior Offerings.
The Company completed the acquisition of PurePenn and Solevo on November 12, 2002. Total upfront consideration for both the Pure Penn and Solevo transactions was USD $66 million, on a combined basis, which Trulieve satisfied through the payment of USD $29 million in cash and by the issuance of 1,780,062 Subordinate Voting Shares.
As disclosed in the unaudited condensed interim consolidated financial statements of the Company for the nine month period ended September 30, 2020, the Company spent USD $88.7 million on capital expenditures.
Some or all of these expenditures may have utilized the proceeds of the November 2019 Offering, though cash from operations was also available for these purposes. The Company has not yet spent the net proceeds of the September 2020 Offering. Until utilized, the net proceeds of the September 2020 Offering have been held in cash balances in the Company’s bank account or been invested at the discretion of the Board of Directors of the Company, in shortterm, high quality, interest bearing corporate, government-issued or government-guaranteed securities, all as disclosed in the prospectus supplement of the Company filed in connection with the September 2020 Offering.
Reconstitution of Audit Committee
Subsequent to filing of the Annual Information Form and following the annual and general meeting of the shareholders of the Company held on June 2, 2020, the Board of Directors of the Company re-constituted the audit committee of the Company (the “ Audit Committee ”) to include George Hackney, Peter Healy, Thomas Milner, Michael O’Donnell Sr. and Susan Thornson.
The Audit Committee assists the Board of Directors in fulfilling its responsibilities for oversight of financial and accounting matters. The Audit Committee reviews the financial reports and other financial information provided by the Company to regulatory authorities and its shareholder and reviews the Company’s system of internal controls regarding finance and accounting including auditing, accounting and financial reporting processes.
As at the date of this Prospectus, the following are the members of the Audit Committee. Also indicated is whether they are “independent” and “financially literate” within the meaning of National Instrument 52-110 – Audit Committees (“ NI 52-110 ”).
| Name of Member | Independent(1) | Financially Literate(2) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| George Hackney | Yes | Yes | ||
| Peter Healy | Yes | Yes | ||
| Thomas Milner | Yes | Yes | ||
| Michael O’Donnell Sr. | Yes | Yes | ||
| Susan Thornson | Yes | Yes | ||
Notes:
(1) A member of the Audit Committee is independent if he or she has no direct or indirect ‘material relationship’ with the Corporation. A material relationship is a relationship which could, in the view of the Board of Directors, reasonably
-9-
interfere with the exercise of a member’s independent judgment. An executive officer of the Company, such as the President or Secretary, is deemed to have a material relationship with the Company.
- (2) A member of the Audit Committee is financially literate if he or she has the ability to read and understand a set of financial statements that present a breadth and level of complexity of accounting issues that are generally comparable to the breadth and complexity of the issues that can reasonably be expected to be raised by the Company’s financial statements.
Relevant Education and Experience
Each member of the Audit Committee has experience relevant to his or her responsibilities as an Audit Committee member. See Business to be Transacted at the Meeting - Election of Directors in the management information circular of the Company dated April 28, 2020 prepared in connection with the annual meeting of shareholders of the Company held on June 2, 2020 for a description of the education and experience of each Audit Committee member.
Audit Committee Oversight
At no time since the commencement of the Company’s most recently completed financial year was a recommendation of the Audit Committee to nominate or compensate an external auditor not adopted by the Board of Directors.
Reliance on Certain Exemptions
At no time since the commencement of the Corporation’s most recently completely financial year has the Corporation relied on the exemption in Section 2.4 of NI 52-110 (De Minimis Non-audit Services) or an exemption from NI 52-110, in whole or in part, granted under Part 8 of NI 52-110.
Audit Committee's Charter
The Board of Directors has adopted a written charter for the Audit Committee, in the form set out under Appendix "B" to the Annual Information Form, which sets out the Audit Committee’s responsibilities. The Audit Committee’s principal duties and responsibilities include assisting the Board of Directors in discharging the oversight of: (i) the integrity of the consolidated financial statements of the Company and accounting and financial processes and the audits of the Company’s consolidated financial statements; (ii) compliance with legal and regulatory requirements; (iii) external auditors’ qualifications and independence; (iv) the work and performance of financial management and external auditors; and (v) system of disclosure controls and procedures and system of internal controls regarding finance, accounting, legal compliance, and risk management established by management and the Board of Directors. The Audit Committee has access to all books, records, facilities and personnel and may request any information about the Company as it may deem appropriate. It also has the authority to retain and compensate special legal, accounting, financial and other consultants or advisors to advise the Audit Committee.
REGULATORY OVERVIEW
In accordance with the Canadian Securities Administrators Staff Notice 51-352 (Revised) dated February 8, 2018 – Issuers with U.S. Marijuana-Related Activities (“ Staff Notice 51-352 ”), below is a discussion of the federal and statelevel United States regulatory regimes in those jurisdictions where the Company is currently directly involved, through its subsidiaries, in the cannabis industry. In accordance with Staff Notice 51-352, the Company will evaluate, monitor and reassess this disclosure, and any related risks, on an ongoing basis and the same will be supplemented and amended to investors in public filings, including in the event of government policy changes or the introduction of new or amended guidance, laws or regulations regarding marijuana regulation.
Federal Regulation of Cannabis in the United States
The United States federal government regulates drugs in large part through the Controlled Substances Act (the “ CSA ”). Marijuana, which is a form of cannabis, is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance. As a Schedule I controlled substance, the federal Drug Enforcement Agency (“ DEA ”) considers marijuana to have a high potential for abuse; no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States; and a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug under medical supervision. According to the U.S. federal government, cannabis having a concentration
-10-
of tetrahydrocannabinol (“ THC ”) greater than 0.3% is marijuana. Cannabis with a THC content below 0.3% is classified as hemp. The scheduling of marijuana as a Schedule I controlled substance is inconsistent with what the Company believes to be widely accepted medical uses for marijuana by physicians, researchers, patients, and others. Moreover, as of November 30, 2020, despite the clear conflict with U.S. federal law, 35 states and the District of Columbia have legalized marijuana for medical use, while 15 of those states and the District of Columbia have legalized the adult use of cannabis for recreational purposes. As further evidence of the growing conflict between the U.S. federal treatment of cannabis and the societal acceptance of cannabis, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“ FDA ”) on June 25, 2018 approved Epidiolex. Epidiolex is an oral solution with an active ingredient derived from the cannabis plant for the treatment of seizures associated with two rare and severe forms of epilepsy, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome, in patients two years of age and older. This is the first FDA-approved drug that contains a purified substance derived from the cannabis plant. In this case, the substance is cannabidiol (“ CBD ”), a chemical component of marijuana that does not contain the psychoactive properties of THC.
Unlike in Canada, which uniformly regulates the cultivation, distribution, sale and possession of marijuana at the federal level under the Cannabis Act (Canada), marijuana is largely regulated at the state level in the United States. State laws regulating marijuana are in conflict with the CSA, which makes marijuana use and possession federally illegal. Although certain states and territories of the United States authorize medical or adult-use marijuana production and distribution by licensed or registered entities, under United States federal law, the possession, use, cultivation, and transfer of marijuana and any related drug paraphernalia is illegal. Although the Company’s activities are compliant with the applicable state and local laws in those states it maintains such licenses (Florida, California, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and Connecticut), strict compliance with state and local laws with respect to cannabis may neither absolve the Company of liability under United States federal law nor provide a defense to any federal criminal action that may be brought against the Company.
In 2013, as more and more states began to legalize medical and/or adult-use marijuana, the federal government attempted to provide clarity on the incongruity between federal law and these state-legal regulatory frameworks. Until 2018, the federal government provided guidance to federal agencies and banking institutions through a series of United States Department of Justice (“ DOJ ”) memoranda. The most notable of this guidance came in the form of a memorandum issued by former U.S. Deputy Attorney General James Cole on August 29, 2013 (the “ Cole Memorandum ”).
The Cole Memorandum offered guidance to federal agencies on how to prioritize civil enforcement, criminal investigations and prosecutions regarding marijuana in all states and quickly set a standard for marijuana-related businesses to comply with. The Cole Memorandum put forth eight prosecution priorities:
-
Preventing the distribution of marijuana to minors;
-
Preventing revenue from the sale of marijuana from going to criminal enterprises, gangs and cartels;
-
Preventing the diversion of marijuana from states where it is legal under state law in some form to other states;
-
Preventing the state-authorized marijuana activity from being used as a cover or pretext for the trafficking of other illegal drugs or other illegal activity;
-
Preventing the violence and the use of firearms in the cultivation and distribution of marijuana;
-
Preventing drugged driving and the exacerbation of other adverse public health consequences associated with marijuana use;
-
Preventing the growing of marijuana on public lands and the attendant public safety and environmental dangers posed by marijuana production on public lands; and
-
Preventing marijuana possession or use on federal property.
On January 4, 2018, former United States Attorney General Sessions rescinded the Cole Memorandum by issuing a new memorandum to all United States Attorneys (the “ Sessions Memo ”). Rather than establishing national enforcement priorities particular to marijuana-related crimes in jurisdictions where certain marijuana activity was legal under state law, the Sessions Memo simply rescinded the Cole Memorandum and instructed that “[i]n deciding which marijuana activities to prosecute... with the [DOJ’s] finite resources, prosecutors should follow the wellestablished principles that govern all federal prosecutions.” Namely, these include the seriousness of the offense, history of criminal activity, deterrent effect of prosecution, the interests of victims, and other principles.
-11-
Neither interim Attorney General Jeffrey A. Rosen nor his predecessor Attorney General William Barr, who succeeded Attorney General Sessions, have provided a clear policy directive for the United States as it pertains to state-legal marijuana-related activities. President Biden has nominated Merrick Garland to serve as Attorney General in his administration. It is not yet known whether the Department of Justice under President Biden and Attorney General Garland, if confirmed, will re-adopt the Cole Memorandum or announce a substantive marijuana enforcement policy.
Nonetheless, there is no guarantee that state laws legalizing and regulating the sale and use of marijuana will not be repealed or overturned, or that local governmental authorities will not limit the applicability of state laws within their respective jurisdictions. Unless and until the United States Congress amends the CSA with respect to marijuana (and as to the timing or scope of any such potential amendments there can be no assurance), there is a risk that federal authorities may enforce current U.S. federal law. Currently, in the absence of uniform federal guidance, as had been established by the Cole memorandum, enforcement priorities are determined by respective United States Attorneys.
As an industry best practice, despite the rescission of the Cole Memorandum, the Company abides by the following standard operating policies and procedures which are designed to ensure compliance with the guidance provided by the Cole Memorandum:
-
Continuously monitor operations for compliance with all licensing requirements as established by the applicable state, county, municipality, town, township, borough, and other political/administrative divisions;
-
Ensure that its cannabis related activities adhere to the scope of the licensing obtained (for example: in the states where cannabis is permitted only for adult-use, the products are only sold to individuals who meet the requisite age requirements);
-
Implement policies and procedures to prevent the distribution of its cannabis products to minors;
-
Implement policies and procedures in place to avoid the distribution of the proceeds from operations are not distributed to criminal enterprises, gangs or cartels;
-
Implement an inventory tracking system and necessary procedures to reliably track inventory and prevent the diversion of cannabis or cannabis products into those states where cannabis is not permitted by state law, or across state lines in general;
-
Monitor the operations at its facilities so that its state-authorized cannabis business activity is not used as a cover or pretense for trafficking of other illegal drugs, or engaging in any other illegal activity; and
-
Implement quality controls so that its products comply with applicable regulations and contain necessary disclaimers about the contents of the products to avoid adverse public health consequences from cannabis use and discourage impaired driving.
In addition, the Company frequently conducts background checks to confirm that the principals and management of its operating subsidiaries are of good character and have not been involved with other illegal drugs, engaged in illegal activity or activities involving violence, or the use of firearms in the cultivation, manufacturing or distribution of cannabis. The Company will also conduct ongoing reviews of the activities of its cannabis businesses, the premises on which they operate and the policies and procedures that are related to the possession of cannabis or cannabis products outside of the licensed premises.
Although the Cole Memorandum has been rescinded, one legislative safeguard for the medical marijuana industry remains in place: Congress has passed a so-called “rider” provision in the FY 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 Consolidated Appropriations Acts to prevent the federal government from using congressionally appropriated funds to enforce federal marijuana laws against state regulated medical marijuana actors operating in compliance with state and local law. The rider is known as the “Rohrabacher-Farr” Amendment after its original lead sponsors (it is also sometimes referred to as the “Rohrabacher-Blumenauer” or “Joyce-Leahy” Amendment, but it is referred to herein as “ Rohrabacher-Farr ”). The President again extended appropriations to federal government agencies when he signed a Continuing Resolution dated December 20, 2019, which expired September 30, 2020. Congress passed and President Trump signed a Continuing Resolution that extends the 2019 Act through December 11, 2020 and on December 27, 2020, President Trump signed the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021, which included
-12-
the Rohrabacher-Farr Amendment, which prohibits the funding of federal prosecutions with respect to medical cannabis activities that are legal under state law. The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021 makes appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2021. Notably, Rohrabacher-Farr has applied only to medical marijuana programs and has not provided the same protections to enforcement against adult-use activities.
United States Border Entry
The United States Customs and Border Protection (“ CBP ”) enforces the laws of the United States as they pertain to lawful travel and trade into and out of the U.S. Crossing the border while in violation of the CSA and other related United States federal laws may result in denied admission, seizures, fines, and apprehension. CBP officers determine the admissibility of travelers who are non-U.S. citizens into the United States pursuant to the United States Immigration and Nationality Act. An investment in the Company, if it became known to CBP, could have an impact on a non-U.S. citizen’s admissibility into the United States and could lead to a lifetime ban on admission. See “ Risk Factors - U.S. border officials could deny entry of non-US citizens into the U.S. to employees of or investors in companies with cannabis operations in the United States and Canada. ”
Because marijuana remains illegal under United States federal law, those investing in Canadian companies with operations in the United States cannabis industry could face detention, denial of entry, or lifetime bans from the United States for their business associations with United States marijuana businesses. Entry happens at the sole discretion of CBP officers on duty, and these officers have wide latitude to ask questions to determine the admissibility of a non-US citizen or foreign national. The government of Canada has started warning travelers that previous use of marijuana, or any substance prohibited by United States federal laws, could mean denial of entry to the United States. Business or financial involvement in the marijuana industry in the United States could also be reason enough for CBP to deny entry. On September 21, 2018, CBP released a statement outlining its current position with respect to enforcement of the laws of the United States. It stated that Canada’s legalization of cannabis will not change CBP enforcement of United States laws regarding controlled substances and because marijuana continues to be a controlled substance under United States law, working in or facilitating the proliferation of the legal marijuana industry in U.S. states where it is deemed legal may affect admissibility to the United States. As a result, CBP has affirmed that, employees, directors, officers, managers and investors of companies involved in business activities related to marijuana in the United States (such as the Company), who are not United States citizens, face the risk of being barred from entry into the United States.
Anti-Money Laundering Laws and Access to Banking
The Company is subject to a variety of laws and regulations in the United States that involve anti-money laundering, financial recordkeeping and the proceeds of crime, including the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970 (commonly known as the “ Bank Secrecy Act ”), as amended by Title III of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA PATRIOT Act), and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by governmental authorities in the United States.
Additionally, under United States federal law, it may potentially be a violation of federal anti-money laundering statutes for financial institutions to take any proceeds from the sale of any Schedule I controlled substance. Banks and other financial institutions could potentially be prosecuted and convicted of money laundering under the Bank Secrecy Act for providing services to cannabis businesses. Therefore, under the Bank Secrecy Act, banks or other financial institutions that provide a cannabis business with a checking account, debit or credit card, small business loan, or any other financial service could be charged with money laundering or conspiracy.
While there has been no change in U.S. federal banking laws to accommodate businesses in the large and increasing number of U.S. states that have legalized medical or adult-use marijuana, the Department of the Treasury Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“ FinCEN ”), in 2014, issued guidance to prosecutors of money laundering and other financial crimes (the “ FinCEN Guidance ”). The FinCEN Guidance advised prosecutors not to focus their enforcement efforts on banks and other financial institutions that serve marijuana-related businesses so long as that marijuana-related business activities are legal in their state and none of the federal enforcement priorities referenced in the Cole Memorandum are being violated (such as keeping marijuana out of the hands of organized crime). The
-13-
FinCEN Guidance also clarifies how financial institutions can provide services to marijuana-related businesses consistent with their Bank Secrecy Act obligations, including thorough customer due diligence, but makes it clear that they are doing so at their own risk. The customer due diligence steps typically include:
-
Verifying with the appropriate state authorities whether the business is duly licensed and registered;
-
Reviewing the license application (and related documentation) submitted by the business for obtaining a state license to operate its marijuana-related business;
-
Requesting available information about the business and related parties from state licensing and enforcement authorities;
-
Developing an understanding of the normal and expected activity for the business, including the types of products to be sold and the type of customers to be served (e.g., medical versus adult-use customers);
-
Ongoing monitoring of publicly available sources for adverse information about the business and related parties;
-
Ongoing monitoring for suspicious activity, including for any of the red flags described in the FinCEN Guidance; and
-
Refreshing information obtained as part of customer due diligence on a periodic basis and commensurate with the risk.
With respect to information regarding state licensure obtained in connection with such customer due diligence, a financial institution may reasonably rely on the accuracy of information provided by state licensing authorities, where states make such information available.
While the FinCEN Guidance decreased some risk for banks and financial institutions considering servicing the cannabis industry, in practice it has not increased banks’ willingness to provide services to marijuana-related businesses. This is because current U.S. federal law does not guarantee banks immunity from prosecution, and it also requires banks and other financial institutions to undertake time-consuming and costly due diligence on each marijuana-related business they accept as a customer.
Those state-chartered banks and/or credit unions that have agreed to work with marijuana businesses are typically limiting those accounts to small percentages of their total deposits to avoid creating a liquidity risk. Since, theoretically, the federal government could change the banking laws as it relates to marijuana-related businesses at any time and without notice, these banks and credit unions must keep sufficient cash on hand to be able to return the full value of all deposits from marijuana-related businesses in a single day, while also keeping sufficient liquid capital on hand to service their other customers. Those state-chartered banks and credit unions that do have customers in the marijuana industry can charge marijuana businesses high fees to cover the added cost of ensuring compliance with the FinCEN Guidance.
Unlike the Cole Memorandum, however, the FinCEN Guidance has not been rescinded. The Secretary of the U.S. Department of the Treasury, Stephen Mnuchin, has publicly stated that the Department was not informed of any plans to rescind the Cole Memorandum and that he does not have a desire to rescind the FinCEN Guidance.
As an industry best practice and consistent with its standard operating procedures, the Company adheres to all customer due diligence steps in the FinCEN Guidance and any additional requirements imposed by those financial institutions it utilizes. However, in the event that any of the Company’s operations, or any proceeds thereof, any dividends or distributions therefrom, or any profits or revenues accruing from such operations in the United States were found to be in violation of anti-money laundering legislation or otherwise, such transactions could be viewed as proceeds of crime under one or more of the statutes noted above or any other applicable legislation. This could restrict or otherwise jeopardize the ability of the Company to declare or pay dividends or effect other distributions.
In the United States, a bill (the “ SAFE Banking Act ”) has been put forth which would grant banks and other financial institutions immunity from federal criminal prosecution for servicing marijuana-related businesses if the underlying marijuana business follows state law. The SAFE Banking Act has been adopted by the House of Representatives and is awaiting consideration by the U.S. Senate. On December 4, 2020, the U.S. House of Representatives also passed the Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement (MORE) Act (the “ MORE Act ”). The MORE Act would remove marijuana from the CSA and eliminate criminal penalties for individuals who
-14-
manufacture, distribute or possess marijuana. The MORE Act did not receive a vote in the U.S. Senate before the 2020 legislative session expired. While there is strong support in the public and within Congress for its passage, there can be no assurance that it will be passed in its current form or at all. In both Canada and the United States, transactions involving banks and other financial institutions are both difficult and unpredictable under the current legal and regulatory landscape. Legislative changes could help to reduce or eliminate these challenges for companies in the cannabis space and would improve the efficiency of both significant and minor financial transactions.
Ability to Access Public and Private Capital
Given the current laws regarding cannabis at the federal level in the United States, traditional bank financing is typically not available to United States marijuana companies. Specifically, since financial transactions involving proceeds generated by cannabis-related conduct can form the basis for prosecution under anti-money laundering statutes, the unlicensed money transmitter statute and the Bank Secrecy Act, businesses involved in the cannabis industry often have difficulty finding a bank willing to accept their business. Banks who do accept deposits from cannabis-related businesses in the United States must do so in compliance with the FinCEN Guidance.
The Company has banking relationships with Florida, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and Connecticut state-chartered banks for deposits and payroll, however the Company does not have access to traditional bank financing.
Balance Sheet Exposure
At December 31, 2020, 100% of the Company’s balance sheet is exposed to U.S. cannabis-related activities.
Tax Concerns
An additional challenge for marijuana-related businesses is that the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code Section 280E are being applied by the IRS to businesses operating in the medical and adult-use marijuana industry. Section 280E prohibits marijuana businesses from deducting their ordinary and necessary business expenses, forcing them to pay higher effective federal tax rates than similar companies in other industries. The effective tax rate on a marijuana business depends on how large its ratio of non-deductible expenses is to its total revenues. Therefore, businesses in the legal cannabis industry may be less profitable than they would otherwise be. Furthermore, although the IRS issued a clarification allowing the deduction of cost of goods sold, the scope of such items is interpreted very narrowly, and the bulk of operating costs and general administrative costs are not permitted to be deducted.
The 2018 Farm Bill
CBD is a nonintoxicating chemical found in cannabis and is often derived from hemp, which contains, at most, only trace amounts of THC. On December 20, 2018, President Trump signed the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (popularly known as the “ 2018 Farm Bill ”) into law. Until the 2018 Farm Bill became law, hemp fell within the definition of “marijuana” under the CSA and the DEA classified hemp as a Schedule I controlled substance because hemp is part of the cannabis plant.
The 2018 Farm Bill defines hemp as the plant Cannabis sativa L. and any part of the plant with a delta-9 THC concentration of not more than 0.3% by dry weight and removes hemp from the CSA. The 2018 Farm Bill requires the U.S. Department of Agriculture (“ USDA ”) to, among other things: (1) evaluate and approve regulatory plans approved by individual states for the cultivation and production of industrial hemp, and (2) promulgate regulations and guidelines to establish and administer a program for the cultivation and production of hemp in the U.S. The regulations promulgated by the USDA will be in lieu of those states not adopting state-specific hemp regulations. Hemp and products derived from it, such as CBD, may then be sold into commerce and transported across state lines provided that the hemp from which any product is derived was cultivated under a license issued by an authorized state program approved by the USDA and otherwise meets the definition of hemp. The 2018 Farm Bill also explicitly preserved the authority of the FDA to regulate hemp-derived products under the U.S. Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. The Company expects that the FDA will promulgate its own rules for the regulation of hemp-derived products in the coming year. Notwithstanding the pending FDA rules, on October 29, 2019, the USDA published its proposed rules for the regulation of hemp, as discussed above (“ USDA Rule ”). The USDA Rule will go into effect
-15-
immediately upon the conclusion of the public comment period and publication in the federal register by the USDA. The USDA Rule, among other things, sets minimum standards for the cultivation and production of hemp, as well as requirements for laboratory testing of hemp.
Compliance with Applicable State Law in the United States
The Company is classified as having a “direct” involvement in the United States cannabis industry and is in compliance with applicable United States state law, as well as related licensing requirements and the regulatory framework enacted by the States of Florida, California, and Connecticut, and the Commonwealths of Massachusetts and Pennsylvania. The Company is not subject to any citations or notices of violation with applicable licensing requirements and the regulatory frameworks which may have an impact on its licenses, business activities or operations. The Company uses reasonable commercial efforts to ensure that its business is in compliance with applicable licensing requirements and the regulatory frameworks enacted by Florida, California, Connecticut, Pennsylvania and Massachusetts through the advice of its Director of Compliance, who monitors and reviews its business practices and changes to applicable state laws and regulations, as well as United States Federal enforcement priorities. The Company’s General Counsel works with external legal advisors in Florida, Massachusetts, California, Pennsylvania and Connecticut to ensure that the Company is in on-going compliance with applicable state laws.
In the United States, cannabis is largely regulated at the state level. Although each state in which the Company operates (and anticipates operating) authorizes, as applicable, medical and/or adult-use marijuana production and distribution by licensed or registered entities, and numerous other states have legalized marijuana in some form, under U.S. federal law, the possession, use, cultivation, and transfer of marijuana and any related drug paraphernalia remains illegal, and any such acts are criminal acts under U.S. federal law. Although the Company believes that its business activities are compliant with applicable state and local laws of the United States, strict compliance with state and local laws with respect to marijuana may neither absolve the Company of liability under U.S. federal law, nor provide a defense to any federal proceeding which may be brought against the Company. Any such proceedings brought against the Company may result in a material adverse effect on the Company.
Regulation of the Medical Cannabis Market in Florida
In 2014, the Florida Legislature passed the Compassionate Use Act (the “ CUA ”) which was a low-THC (CBD) law, allowing cannabis containing not more than 0.8%THC to be sold to patients diagnosed with severe seizures or muscle spasms and cancer. The CUA created a competitive licensing structure and originally allowed for one vertically integrated license to be awarded in each of five regions. The CUA set forth the criteria for applicants as well as the minimum qualifying criteria which included the requirement to hold a nursery certificate evidencing the capacity to cultivate a minimum of 400,000 plants, to be operated by a nurseryman and to be a registered nursery for at least 30 continuous years. The CUA also created a state registry to track dispensations. In 2016, the Florida Legislature passed the Right to Try Act (the “ RTA ”), which expanded the State’s medical cannabis program to allow for full potency THC products to be sold as “medical marijuana” to qualified patients.
In November of 2016, the Florida Medical Marijuana Legalization ballot initiative (the “ Initiative ”) to expand the medical cannabis program under the RTA was approved by 71.3% of voters, thereby amending the Florida constitution. The Initiative is now codified as Article X, Section 29 of the Florida Constitution. The Initiative expanded the list of qualifying medical conditions include cancer, epilepsy, glaucoma, HIV and AIDS, ALS, Crohn’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, or other debilitating medical conditions of the same kind or class or comparable to those other qualifying conditions and for which a physician believes the benefits outweigh the risks to the patient. The Initiative also provided for the implementation of state-issued medical cannabis identification cards. In 2017, the Florida Legislature passed legislation implementing the constitutional amendment and further codifying the changes set forth in the constitution into law. The 2017 law provides for the issuance of 10 licenses to specific entities and another four licenses to be issued for every 100,000 active qualified patients added to the registry. The 2017 law also initially limited license holders to a maximum of 25 dispensary locations with the ability to purchase additional dispensary locations from one another, and for an additional five locations to be allowed by the State for every 100,000 active qualified patients added to the registry. The 2017 legislation’s cap on dispensing facilities expired in April 2020.
-16-
Trulieve US License (the “ Florida License ”)
| Holding Entity | Permit/ License | City | Expiration/Renewal Date (if applicable) (MM/DD/YY) |
Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trulieve, Inc. | Medical Marijuana Treatment Center |
Statewide | 07/24/22 | Cultivation, Processing/ Manufacturing, Dispensary, Transport |
Under Florida law, a licensee is required to cultivate, process and dispense medical cannabis. Licenses are issued by the Florida Department of Health, Office of Medical Marijuana Use (the “ OMMU ”) and may be renewed biennially. Trulieve US received its most recent license renewal on July 24, 2020 and is classified as a Medical Marijuana Treatment Center (“ MMTC ”) under Florida law.
In Florida, there is no state-imposed limitation on the permitted size of cultivation or processing facilities, nor is there a limit on the number of plants that may be grown.
Under its license, the Company is permitted to sell cannabis to those patients who are entered into Florida’s electronic medical marijuana use registry by a qualified physician and possess a state-issued medical marijuana identification card and a valid certification from the qualified physician. The physician determines patient eligibility as well as the routes of administration (e.g. topical, oral, inhalation) and the number of milligrams per day a patient is able to obtain under the program. The physician may order a certification for up to three 70-day supply limits of marijuana, following which the certification expires and a new certification must be issued by a physician. The number of milligrams dispensed, the category of cannabis (either low-THC or medical marijuana) and whether a delivery device such as a vaporizer has been authorized is all recorded in the registry for each patient transaction. In addition, smokable flower was approved by the legislature and signed into law in March 2019. Patients must obtain a specific recommendation from their physician to purchase smokable flower. The maximum amount a patient may obtain is 2.5 ounces (measured by weight) of smokable flower per 35-day supply.
The Company is authorized to sell a variety of products and, offers over 500 SKUs in various product categories for sale. OMMU implemented rules regulating the production and sale of edible products in August of 2020, and the Company’s Florida licensee shortly thereafter became the first MMTC to dispense edibles in Florida. The use of hydrocarbon solvents for the extraction of products was also contemplated in the 2017 law and is also awaiting rulemaking by the OMMU.
Dispensaries may be located in any location zoned as appropriate for a pharmacy throughout the State of Florida as long as the local government has not expressly prohibited MMTC dispensaries in their respective municipality. Additionally, dispensaries must be located more than 500 feet from a public or private elementary, middle, or secondary school. Following the adoption of the cap on total dispensaries by each MMTC, as discussed above, the Company’s Florida licensee filed a claim in the court for the Second Judicial Circuit in Leon County (the “ Court ”) challenging the dispensary cap and asking the Court to disregard the dispensary locations the Company had open and/or applied for prior to the limitation becoming effective. On February 4, 2019, Trulieve announced that it had won its lawsuit in the trial court, with the Court ruling that Trulieve may open an additional 14 dispensary locations based on these locations having previously vested. Moreover, the Court ruled that in the alternative, the statutory caps placed on the number of dispensaries allowed across the state were not only unconstitutionally added after Amendment 2 had been approved by voters but were also adversely impacting patient access. The Company has since settled its challenge with the Florida Department of Health. Trulieve’s 14 dispensaries that were established before the statewide cap was enacted are now excluded from the statutory cap. The statutory cap expired in April 2020, thus neither Trulieve US nor its competitors in Florida are subject to restrictions on the number of dispensaries that may be opened. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had 70 approved dispensaries in the State of Florida. In addition, the Company’s license allows it to deliver products directly to patients.
-17-
Florida Reporting Requirements
Florida law called for the OMMU to establish, maintain, and control a computer software tracking system that traces cannabis from seed to sale and allows real-time, 24-hour access by the OMMU to such data. The tracking system must allow for integration of other seed-to-sale systems and, at a minimum, include notification of certain events, including when marijuana seeds are planted, when marijuana plants are harvested and destroyed and when cannabis is transported, sold, stolen, diverted, or lost. Each medical marijuana treatment center shall use the seed-to-sale tracking system established by the OMMU or integrate its own seed-to-sale tracking system with the seed-to-sale tracking system established by the OMMU. At this time the OMMU has not implemented a statewide seed-to-sale tracking system and the Company utilizes its own system. Additionally, the OMMU also maintains a patient and physician registry and the licensee must comply with all requirements and regulations relative to the provision of required data or proof of key events to said system in order to retain its license. Florida requires all MMTCs to abide by representations made in their original application to the State of Florida or any subsequent variances to same. Any changes or expansions of previous representations and disclosures to the OMMU must be approved by the OMMU via an amendment or variance process.
Florida Licensing Requirements
Licenses issued by the OMMU may be renewed biennially so long as the licensee continues to meet the requirements of the Florida Statute 381.986 and pays a renewal fee. License holders can only own one license within the State of Florida. Applicants must demonstrate (and licensed MMTC’s must maintain) that: (i) they have been registered to do business in the State of Florida for the previous five years, (ii) they possess a valid certificate of registration issued by the Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services, (iii) they have the technical and technological ability to cultivate and produce cannabis, including, but not limited to, low-THC cannabis, (iv) they have the ability to secure the premises, resources, and personnel necessary to operate as an MMTC, (v) they have the ability to maintain accountability of all raw materials, finished products, and any by-products to prevent diversion or unlawful access to or possession of these substances, (vi) they have an infrastructure reasonably located to dispense cannabis to registered qualified patients statewide or regionally as determined by the OMMU, (vii) they have the financial ability to maintain operations for the duration of the two-year approval cycle, including the provision of certified financial statements to the OMMU, (viii) all owners, officers, board members and managers have passed a Level II background screening, inclusive of fingerprinting, (ix) they ensure that a medical director is employed to supervise the activities of the MMTC, and (x) they have a diversity plan and veterans plan accompanied by a contractual process for establishing business relationships with veterans and minority contractors and/or employees. Upon approval of the application by the OMMU, the applicant must post a performance bond of up to US $5 million, which may be reduced to US $2 million once the licensee has served 1,000 patients (which Trulieve has accomplished).
There is a pending lawsuit that challenges important aspects of the 2017 Legislation and OMMU regulations and could have an impact on Trulieve’s business in Florida. In December 2017, Florigrown, LLC and other plaintiffs challenged as unconstitutional aspects of the 2017 Legislation and OMMU regulations that: (1) require MMTCs to be vertically integrated (i.e., cultivate and process the cannabis to be sold at the MMTC’s own licensed dispensaries); (2) that cap the total number of MMTC licenses in the state; and (3) that authorized the OMMU to issue MMTC licenses to certain applicants that met criteria defined by the 2017 legislation. On October 18, 2019, a trial judge in the Circuit Court for Leon County ruled that Florigrown, LLC had a substantial likelihood of succeeding on its claims, holding that the vertical integration and licensing cap conflicted with the language in Article X, Section 29 and that the provisions in the 2017 defining the criteria for eligibility for MMTC licensure constituted an impermissible “special law” under Article III, Section 11(a)(12) of the Florida Constitution. On July 10, 2019, an intermediate appellate court affirmed aspects of the Circuit Court for Leon County’s ruling. The matter is now pending before Florida Supreme Court. The Florida Supreme Court heard additional oral argument in the case on October 7, 2020.
Security and Storage Requirements for Cultivation, Processing and Dispensing Facilities in Florida
Adequate outdoor lighting is required from dusk to dawn for all MMTC facilities. 24-hour per day video surveillance is required and all MMTCs must maintain at least a rolling 45-day period that is made available to law
-18-
enforcement and the OMMU upon demand. Alarm systems must be active at all items for all entry points and windows. Interior spaces must also have motion detectors and all cameras must have an unobstructed view of key areas. Panic alarms must also be available for employees to be able to signal authorities when needed.
In dispensaries, the MMTC must provide a waiting area with a sufficient seating area. There must also be a minimum of one private consultation/education room for the privacy of the patient(s) and their caregiver (if applicable). The MMTC may only dispense products between 7:00 am and 9:00 pm. All active products must be kept in a secure location within the dispensary and only empty packaging may be kept in the general area of the dispensary which is readily accessible to customers and visitors. No product or delivery devices may be on display in the waiting area.
An MMTC must at all times provide secure and logged access for all cannabis materials. This includes approved vaults or locked rooms. There must be at least two employees of the MMTC or an approved security provider on site at all times. All employees must wear proper identification badges and visitors must be logged in and wear a visitor badge while on the premises. The MMTC must report any suspected activity of loss, diversion or theft of cannabis materials within 24 hours of becoming aware of such an occurrence.
Florida Transportation Requirements
When transporting cannabis to dispensaries or to patients for delivery, a manifest must be prepared and transportation must be done using an approved vehicle. The cannabis must be stored in a separate, locked area of the vehicle and at all times while in transit there must be two people in a delivery vehicle. During deliveries, one person must remain with the vehicle. The delivery employees must at all times have identification badges. The manifest must include the following information: (i) departure date and time; (ii) name, address and license number of the originating MMTC; (iii) name and address of the receiving entity; (iv) the quantity, form and delivery device of the cannabis; (v) arrival date and time; (vi) the make, model and license plate of the delivery vehicle; and (vii) the name and signatures of the MMTC delivery employees. These manifests must be kept by the MMTC for inspection for up to three years. During the delivery, a copy of the manifest is also provided to the recipient.
OMMU Inspections in Florida
The OMMU may conduct announced or unannounced inspections of MMTC’s to determine compliance with applicable laws and regulations. The OMMU is to inspect an MMTC upon receiving a complaint or notice that the MMTC has dispensed cannabis containing mold, bacteria, or other contaminants that may cause an adverse effect to humans or the environment. The OMMU is to conduct at least a biennial inspection of each MMTC to evaluate the MMTC’s records, personnel, equipment, security, sanitation practices, and quality assurance practices.
Regulation of the Medical Cannabis Market in Massachusetts
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has authorized the cultivation, possession and distribution of marijuana for medical purposes by certain licensed Massachusetts marijuana businesses. The Medical Use of Marijuana Program (the “ MUMP ”) registers qualifying patients, personal caregivers, Medical Marijuana Treatment Centers (“ MTCs ”), and MTC agents. MTCs were formerly known as Registered Marijuana Dispensaries (“ RMDs ”). The MUMP was established by Chapter 369 of the Acts of 2012, “An Act for the Humanitarian Medical Use of Marijuana”, following the passage of the Massachusetts Medical Marijuana Initiative, Ballot Question 3, in the 2012 general election. Additional statutory requirements governing the MUMP were enacted by the Legislature in 2017 and codified at G.L. c. 94I, et. seq. (the “ Massachusetts Medical Act ”). MTC Certificates of Registration are vertically integrated licenses in that each MTC Certificate of Registration entitles a license holder to one cultivation facility, one processing facility and one dispensary location. There is a limit of three MTC licenses per person/entity.
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts Cannabis Control Commission (the “ CCC ”) regulations, 935 CMR 501.000 et seq. (the “ Massachusetts Medical Regulations ”), provide a regulatory framework that requires MTCs to cultivate, process, transport and dispense medical cannabis in a vertically integrated marketplace. Patients with debilitating medical conditions qualify to participate in the program, including conditions such as cancer, glaucoma, positive status for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), acquired immune deficiency virus (AIDS), hepatitis C,
-19-
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Crohn’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis (MS) when such diseases are debilitating, and other debilitating conditions as determined in writing by a qualifying patient’s healthcare provider.
The CCC assumed control of the MUMP from the Department of Public Health on December 23, 2018. The CCC approved revised regulations for the MUMP on November 30, 2020, which will become effective when published in the Massachusetts Register.
Massachusetts Licensing Requirements (Medical)
The Massachusetts Medical Regulations delineate the licensing requirements for MTCs in Massachusetts. Licensed entities must demonstrate the following: (i) they are licensed and in good standing with the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; (ii) no executive, member or any entity owned or controlled by such executive or member directly or indirectly controls more than three MTC licenses; (iii) an MTC may not cultivate medical cannabis from more than two locations statewide; (iv) MTC agents must be registered with the Massachusetts Cannabis Control Commission; (v) an MTC must have a program to provide reduced cost or free marijuana to patients with documented verifiable financial hardships; (vi) one executive of an MTC must register with the Massachusetts Department of Criminal Justice Information Services on behalf of the entity as an organization user of the Criminal Offender Record Information (CORI) system; (vii) the MTC applicant has at least $500,000 in its control as evidenced by bank statements, lines of credit or equivalent; and (viii) payment of the required application fee.
In an MTC application, an applicant must also demonstrate or include: (i) the name, address, date of birth and resumes of each executive of the applicant and of the members of the entity; (ii) a plan to obtain liability insurance coverage in compliance with statutes; (iii) detailed summary of the business plan for the MTC; (iv) an operational plan for the cultivation of marijuana including a detailed summary of policies and procedures; and (v) a detailed summary of the operating policies and procedures for the MTC including security, prevention of diversion, storage of marijuana, transportation of marijuana, inventory procedures, procedures for quality control and testing of product for potential contaminants, procedures for maintaining confidentiality as required by law, personnel policies, dispensing procedures, record keeping procedures, plans for patient education and any plans for patient or personal caregiver home delivery. An MTC applicant must also demonstrate that it has (i) a successful track record of running a business; (ii) a history of providing healthcare services or services providing marijuana for medical purposes in or outside of Massachusetts; (iii) proof of compliance with the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; (iv) complied with the laws and orders of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; and (v) a satisfactory criminal and civil background. Finally, an MTC applicant must specify a cultivation tier for their license, which establishes the minimum and maximum square footage of canopy for their cultivation operation.
Upon the determination by the CCC that an MTC applicant has responded to the application requirements in a satisfactory fashion, the MTC applicant is required to pay the applicable registration fee and shall be issued a provisional certificate of registration (“ PCR ”). Trulieve’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Life Essence, holds the following PCRs.
Massachusetts Licenses (Medical) (the “ Massachusetts Licenses ”)
| Holding Entity | Permit/ License | City | Expiration/Renewal Date (if applicable) (MM/DD/YY) |
Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Life Essence | Provisional RMD Certificate of Registration |
Holyoke, MA | 12/6/21 | Dispensary Cultivation/ Product Manufacturing Dispensary |
-20-
| Holding Entity | Permit/ License | City | Expiration/Renewal Date (if applicable) (MM/DD/YY) |
Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Life Essence | Final RMD Certificate of Registration |
Northampton, MA Holyoke, MA |
12/6/21 | Dispensary Cultivation/ Product Manufacturing Dispensary |
| Life Essence | Provisional RMD Certificate of Registration |
Cambridge, MA Holyoke, MA |
12/6/21 | Dispensary Cultivation/ Product Manufacturing Dispensary |
Thereafter, the CCC shall review architectural plans for the building of the MTC’s cultivation facility and/or dispensing facilities, and shall either approve, modify or deny the same. Once approved, the MTC provisional license holder shall construct its facilities in conformance with the requirements of the Massachusetts Medical Regulations. Once the CCC completes its inspections and issues approval for an MTC of its facilities, the CCC shall issue a final certificate of registration (“ FCR ”) to the MTC applicant. FCRs are valid for one year, and shall be renewed by filing the required renewal application no later than sixty days prior to the expiration of the certificate of registration. A licensee may not begin cultivating marijuana until it has been issued an FCR by the CCC.
PCRs and FCRs in Massachusetts are renewed annually. Before expiry, licensees are required to submit a renewal application. While renewals are granted annually, there is no ultimate expiry after which no renewals are permitted. Additionally, in respect of the renewal process, provided that the requisite renewal fees are paid, the renewal application is submitted in a timely manner, and there are no material violations noted against the applicable license, Life Essence, Inc. would expect to receive the applicable renewed license in the ordinary course of business.
Massachusetts Dispensary Requirements (Medical)
An MTC shall follow its written and approved operation procedures in the operation of its dispensary locations. Operating procedures shall include (i) security measures in compliance with the Massachusetts Regulations; (ii) employee security policies including personal safety and crime prevention techniques; (iii) hours of operation and after-hours contact information; (iv) a price list for marijuana; (v) storage and waste disposal protocols in compliance with state law; (vi) a description of the various strains of marijuana that will be cultivated and dispensed, and the forms that will be dispensed; (vii) procedures to ensure accurate recordkeeping including inventory protocols; (viii) plans for quality control; (ix) a staffing plan and staffing records; (x) diversion identification and reporting protocols; and (xi) policies and procedures for the handling of cash on MTC premises including storage, collection frequency and transport to financial institutions. The siting of dispensary locations is expressly subject to local/municipal approvals pursuant to state law, and municipalities control the permitting application process that a MTC must comply with. More specifically, an MTC is to comply with all local requirements regarding siting, provided however that if no local requirements exist, an MTC shall not be sited within a radius of 500 feet of a school, daycare center or any facility in which children commonly congregate. The 500-foot distance under this section is measured in a straight line from the nearest point of the facility in question to the nearest point of the proposed MTC. The Massachusetts Regulations require that MTCs limit their inventory of seeds, plants, and useable marijuana to reflect the projected needs of registered qualifying patients. An MTC may only dispense to a registered qualifying patient or caregiver who has a current valid certification.
Massachusetts Security and Storage Requirements (Medical)
An MTC is to implement sufficient security measures to deter and prevent unauthorized entrance into areas containing marijuana and theft of marijuana at the MTC. These measures must include: (i) allowing only registered qualifying patients, caregivers, dispensary agents, authorized persons, or approved outside contractors access to the
-21-
MTC facility; (ii) preventing individuals from remaining on the premises of an MTC if they are not engaging in activities that are permitted; (iii) disposing of marijuana or by-products in compliance with law; (iv) establishing limited access areas accessible only to authorized personnel; (v) storing finished marijuana in a secure locked safe or vault; (vi) keeping equipment, safes, vaults or secured areas securely locked; and (vii) ensuring that the outside perimeter of the MTC is sufficiently lit to facilitate surveillance. An MTC shall also utilize a security/alarm system that: (i) monitors entry and exit points and windows and doors, (ii) includes a panic/duress alarm, (iii) includes system failure notifications, (iv) includes 24-hour video surveillance of safes, vaults, sales areas, areas where marijuana is cultivated, processed or dispensed, and (v) includes date and time stamping of all records and the ability to produce a clear, color still photo. The video surveillance system shall have the capacity to remain operational during a power outage. The MTC must also maintain a backup alarm system with the capabilities of the primary system, and both systems are to be maintained in good working order and are to be inspected and tested on regular intervals.
Massachusetts Transportation Requirements (Medical)
Marijuana or marijuana-infused products (“ MIPs ”) may be transported between licensed MTCs by MTC agents on behalf of an MTC. MTCs or delivery-only retailers may, with CCC approval, transport marijuana or MIPS directly to registered qualifying patients and Caregivers as part of a home delivery program. An MTC shall staff transport vehicles with a minimum of two dispensary agents. At least one agent shall remain with the vehicle when the vehicle contains marijuana or MIPs. Prior to leaving the origination location, an MTC must weigh, inventory, and account for, on video, the marijuana to be transported.
Marijuana must be packaged in sealed, labeled, and tamper-proof packaging prior to and during transportation. In the case of an emergency stop, a log must be maintained describing the reason for the stop, the duration, the location, and any activities of personnel exiting the vehicle. An MTC shall ensure that delivery times and routes are randomized. Each MTC agent shall carry his or her CCC-issued MUMP ID Card when transporting marijuana or MIPs and shall produce it to CCC representatives or law enforcement officials upon request. Where videotaping is required when weighing, inventorying, and accounting of marijuana before transportation or after receipt, the video must show each product being weighed, the weight, and the manifest. An MTC must document and report any unusual discrepancy in weight or inventory to the CCC and local law enforcement within 24 hours. An MTC shall report to the CCC and local law enforcement any vehicle accidents, diversions, losses, or other reportable incidents that occur during transport, within 24 hours. An MTC shall retain transportation manifests for no less than one year and make them available to the CCC upon request. Any cash received from a qualifying patient or personal caregiver must be transported to an MTC immediately upon completion of the scheduled deliveries. Vehicles used in transportation must be owned, leased or rented by the MTC, be properly registered, and contain a GPS system that is monitored by the MTC during transport of marijuana and said vehicle must be inspected and approved by the CCC prior to use.
During transit, an MTC is to ensure that: (i) marijuana or MIPs are transported in a secure, locked storage compartment that is part of the vehicle transporting the marijuana or MIPs; (ii) the storage compartment cannot be easily removed (for example, bolts, fittings, straps or other types of fasteners may not be easily accessible and not capable of being manipulated with commonly available tools); (iii) marijuana or MIPs are not visible from outside the vehicle; and (iv) product is transported in a vehicle that bears no markings indicating that the vehicle is being used to transport marijuana or MIPs and does not indicate the name of the MTC. Each MTC agent transporting marijuana or MIPs shall have access to a secure form of communication with personnel at the origination location when the vehicle contains marijuana or MIPs.
CCC Inspections (Medical)
The CCC or its agents may inspect an MTC and affiliated vehicles at any time without prior notice. An MTC shall immediately upon request make available to the CCC information that may be relevant to a CCC inspection, and the CCC may direct an MTC to test marijuana for contaminants. Any violations found will be noted in a deficiency statement that will be provided to the MTC, and the MTC shall thereafter submit a Plan of Correction to the CCC outlining with particularity each deficiency and the timetable and steps to remediate the same. The CCC shall have the authority to suspend or revoke a certificate of registration in accordance with the applicable regulations.
-22-
Regulation of the Adult-Use Cannabis Market in Massachusetts
Adult-use (recreational) marijuana has been legal in Massachusetts since December 15, 2016, following a ballot initiative in November of that year. The CCC licenses adult use cultivation, processing and dispensary facilities (collectively, “ Marijuana Establishments ”) pursuant to 935 CMR 500.000 et seq. The first adult-use marijuana facilities in Massachusetts began operating in November 2018. The CCC approved revised regulations for the adultuse program effective November 1, 2019.
Massachusetts Licensing Requirements (Adult-Use)
Many of the same application requirements exist for an adult-use Marijuana Establishment license application as to those for a medical MTC application, and each owner, officer or member must undergo background checks and fingerprinting with the CCC. Applicants must submit the location and identification of each site, and must establish a property interest in the same, and the applicant and the local municipality must have entered into a host agreement authorizing the location of the adult-use Marijuana Establishment within the municipality, and said agreement must be included in the application. Applicants must include disclosure of any regulatory actions against it by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the civil and criminal history of the applicant and its owners, officers, principals or members. The application must include, amongst other information, the proposed timeline for achieving operations, liability insurance, business plan, and a detailed summary describing the Marijuana Establishment’s proposed operating policies including security, prevention of diversion, storage, transportation, inventory procedures, quality control, dispensing procedures, personnel policies, record keeping, maintenance of financial records, diversity plans, and employee training protocols.
Massachusetts Dispensary Requirements (Adult-Use)
Marijuana retailers are subject to certain operational requirements in addition to those imposed on Marijuana Establishments generally. Dispensaries must immediately inspect patrons’ identification to ensure that everyone who enters is at least 21 years of age. Dispensaries may not dispense more than one ounce of marijuana or five grams of marijuana concentrate per transaction. Point-of-sale systems must be approved by the CCC, and retailers must record sales data. Records must be retained and available for auditing by the CCC and Department of Revenue. Retailers are required to conduct monthly analyses of equipment and sales data to determine that such systems have not been altered or interfered with to manipulate sales data, and to report any such discrepancies to the CCC.
Dispensaries must also make consumer education materials available to patrons in languages designated by the CCC, with analogous materials for visually- and hearing-impaired persons. Such materials must include:
-
A warning that marijuana has not been analyzed or approved by the FDA, that there is limited information on side effects, that there may be health risks associated with using marijuana, and that it should be kept away from children;
-
A warning that when under the influence of marijuana, driving is prohibited, and machinery should not be operated;
-
Information to assist in the selection of marijuana, describing the potential differing effects of various strains of marijuana, as well as various forms and routes of administration;
-
Materials offered to consumers to enable them to track the strains used and their associated effects;
-
Information describing proper dosage and titration for different routes of administration, with an emphasis on using the smallest amount possible to achieve the desired effect;
-
A discussion of tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal;
-
Facts regarding substance abuse signs and symptoms, as well as referral information for substance abuse treatment programs;
-
A statement that consumers may not sell marijuana to any other individual;
-
Information regarding penalties for possession or distribution of marijuana in violation of Massachusetts law; and
-
Any other information required by the CCC.
-23-
Massachusetts Security and Storage Requirements (Adult-Use)
Each Marijuana Establishment must implement sufficient safety measures to deter and prevent unauthorized entrance into areas containing marijuana and theft of marijuana at the establishment. Security measures taken by the establishments to protect the premises, employees, consumers and general public shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
-
Positively identifying and limiting access to individuals 21 years of age or older who are seeking access to the Marijuana Establishment or to whom marijuana products are being transported;
-
Adopting procedures to prevent loitering and ensure that only individuals engaging in activity expressly or by necessary implication are allowed to remain on the premises;
-
Proper disposal of marijuana in accordance with applicable regulations;
-
Securing all entrances to the Marijuana Establishment to prevent unauthorized access;
-
Establishing limited access areas which shall be accessible only to specifically authorized personnel limited to include only the minimum number of employees essential for efficient operation;
-
Storing all finished marijuana products in a secure, locked safe or vault in such a manner as to prevent diversion, theft or loss;
-
Keeping all safes, vaults, and any other equipment or areas used for the production, cultivation, harvesting, processing or storage, including prior to disposal, of marijuana or marijuana products securely locked and protected from entry, except for the actual time required to remove or replace marijuana;
-
Keeping all locks and security equipment in good working order;
-
Prohibiting keys, if any, from being left in the locks or stored or placed in a location accessible to persons other than specifically authorized personnel;
-
Prohibiting accessibility of security measures, such as combination numbers, passwords or electronic or biometric security systems, to persons other than specifically authorized personnel;
-
Ensuring that the outside perimeter of the marijuana establishment is sufficiently lit to facilitate surveillance, where applicable;
-
Ensuring that all marijuana products are kept out of plain sight and are not visible from a public place, outside of the marijuana establishment, without the use of binoculars, optical aids or aircraft;
-
Developing emergency policies and procedures for securing all product following any instance of diversion, theft or loss of marijuana, and conduct an assessment to determine whether additional safeguards are necessary;
-
Establishing procedures for safe cash handling and cash transportation to financial institutions to prevent theft, loss and associated risks to the safety of employees, customers and the general public;
-
Sharing the Marijuana Establishment’s floor plan or layout of the facility with law enforcement authorities, and in a manner and scope as required by the municipality and identifying when the use of flammable or combustible solvents, chemicals or other materials are in use at the Marijuana Establishment;
-
Sharing the Marijuana Establishment’s security plan and procedures with law enforcement authorities, including police and fire services departments, in the municipality where the Marijuana Establishment is located and periodically updating law enforcement authorities, police and fire services departments, if the plans or procedures are modified in a material way; and
-
Marijuana must be stored in special limited access areas, and alarm systems must meet certain technical requirements, including the ability to record footage to be retained for at least 90 days.
Massachusetts Transportation Requirements (Adult-Use)
Marijuana products may only be transported between licensed Marijuana Establishments by registered Marijuana Establishment agents. A licensed marijuana transporter may contract with a Marijuana Establishment to transport that licensee’s marijuana products to other licensed establishments. All transported marijuana products are linked to the seed-to-sale tracking program. Any marijuana product that is undeliverable or is refused by the destination Marijuana Establishment shall be transported back to the originating establishment. All vehicles transporting marijuana products shall be staffed with a minimum of two Marijuana Establishment agents. At least one agent shall remain with the vehicle at all times that the vehicle contains marijuana or marijuana products. Prior to the products
-24-
leaving a Marijuana Establishment, the originating Marijuana Establishment must weigh, inventory, and account for, on video, all marijuana products to be transported. Within eight hours after arrival at the receiving Marijuana Establishment, the receiving establishment must re-weigh, re-inventory, and account for, on video, all marijuana products transported. Marijuana products must be packaged in sealed, labeled, and tamper or child-resistant packaging prior to and during transportation. In the case of an emergency stop during the transportation of marijuana products, a log must be maintained describing the reason for the stop, the duration, the location, and any activities of personnel exiting the vehicle. A Marijuana Establishment or a marijuana transporter transporting marijuana products is required to ensure that all transportation times and routes are randomized and remain within Massachusetts.
Vehicles must additionally be equipped with a video system that includes one or more cameras in the storage area of the vehicle and one or more cameras in the driver area of the vehicle. The video cameras must remain operational at all times during the transportation process and have the ability to produce a clear color still photo whether live or recorded, with a date and time stamp embedded and that do not significantly obscure the picture.
Vehicles used for transport must be owned or leased by the Marijuana Establishment or transporter, and they must be properly registered, inspected, and insured in Massachusetts. Marijuana may not be visible from outside the vehicle, and it must be transported in a secure, locked storage compartment. Each vehicle must have a global positioning system, and any agent transporting marijuana must have access to a secure form of communication with the originating location.
Massachusetts Licenses (Adult Use)
Trulieve’s wholly owned subsidiary, Life Essence, holds the following licenses:
| Holding Entity | Permit/License | City | Expiration/Renewal Date (if applicable) |
Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Life Essence | Final License | Northampton,MA | 6/19/21 | Dispensary |
| Life Essence | Provisional License | Holyoke,MA | 6/19/21 | Cultivation |
| Life Essence | Provisional License | Holyoke, MA | 6/19/21 | Product Manufacturing |
CCC Inspections
The CCC or its agents may inspect a Marijuana Establishment and affiliated vehicles at any time without prior notice in order to determine compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. All areas of a Marijuana Establishment, all Marijuana Establishment agents and activities, and all records are subject to such inspection. During an inspection, the CCC may direct a marijuana establishment to test marijuana for contaminants as specified by the CCC, including but not limited to mold, mildew, heavy metals, plant-growth regulators, and the presence of pesticides not approved for use on marijuana by the Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources. Moreover, the CCC is authorized to conduct a secret shopper program to ensure compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.
Proposed Regulatory Changes for Medical and Adult Use Marijuana in Massachusetts
The CCC voted to adopt significant amendments of both the medical and adult-use cannabis regulations at its meeting on November 30, 2020. The new regulations will become effective when published in the Massachusetts Register. Significant changes include:
- permitting Marijuana “Courier” Licensees to deliver directly to consumers from the premises of licensed marijuana retailer establishments and Marijuana Delivery Operators to purchase wholesale finished marijuana products directly from a marijuana cultivation and product manufacturer and deliver the products directly to consumers from the Delivery Operator’s warehouse location. Currently, the regulations only permit Marijuana Delivery Licensees to deliver from the premises of a marijuana retailer , although the CCC has not granted any licenses for regulated deliveries. Both Marijuana Courier and Marijuana Delivery Operator Licenses are reserved for at least 36 months for companies majority-owned and
-25-
controlled by certain classes of certified Economic Empowerment or Social Equity applicants, for which the Company does not quality;
-
permitting Personal Caregivers to be registered to care for more than one – and up to five – Registered Qualifying Patients at one time; and
-
permitting non-Massachusetts residents receiving end-of-life or palliative care or cancer treatment in Massachusetts to become Registered Qualifying Patients.
Regulation of the Marijuana Market in California
In 1996, California was the first state to legalize medical marijuana through Proposition 215, the Compassionate Use Act of 1996 (“ CUA ”). This provided an affirmative defense for defendants charged with the use, possession and cultivation of medical marijuana by patients with a physician recommendation for treatment of cancer, anorexia, AIDS, chronic pain, spasticity, glaucoma, arthritis, migraine, or any other illness for which marijuana provides relief. In 2003, Senate Bill 420 was signed into law, decriminalizing the use, possession, and collective cultivation of medical marijuana, and establishing an optional identification card system for medical marijuana patients.
In September 2015, the California legislature passed three bills collectively known as the “Medical Marijuana Regulation and Safety Act” (“ MCRSA ”). The MCRSA established a licensing and regulatory framework for medical marijuana businesses in California. The system created testing laboratories, and distributors. Edible infused product manufacturers would require either volatile solvent or non-volatile solvent manufacturing licenses depending on their specific extraction methodology. Multiple agencies would oversee different aspects of the program and businesses would require a state license and local approval to operate. However, in November 2016, voters in California overwhelmingly passed Proposition 64, the “Adult Use of Marijuana Act” (“ AUMA ”) creating an adult-use marijuana program for adult-use 21 years of age or older. In June 2017, the California State Legislature passed Senate Bill No. 94, known as Medicinal and Adult-Use Marijuana Regulation and Safety Act (“ MAUCRSA ”), which amalgamated MCRSA and AUMA to provide a set of regulations to govern the medical and adult-use licensing regime for marijuana businesses in the State of California. MAUCRSA went into effect on January 1, 2018. The three primary licensing agencies that regulate marijuana at the state level are the Bureau of Cannabis Control (“ BCC ”), California Department of Food and Agriculture (“ CDFA ”), and the California Department of Public Health (“ CDPH ”).
One of the central features of MAUCRSA is known as “local control.” In order to legally operate a medical or adultuse marijuana business in California, an operator must have both a local and state license. This requires licenseholders to operate in cities or counties with marijuana licensing programs. Cities and counties in California are allowed to determine the number of licenses they will issue to marijuana operators, or, alternatively, can choose to ban marijuana licenses.
California License Categories/ Types (the “ California License ”)
| Holding Entity | Permit/ License | City | Expiration/Renewal Date (if applicable) (MM/DD/YY) |
Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leef Industries, LLC |
Adult-Use Retailer | Palm Springs, CA | 11/08/21 | Dispensary |
Once an operator obtains local approval, the operator must obtain state licenses before conducting any commercial marijuana activity. There are multiple license categories that cover all commercial activity. Categories include: (1) cultivation/nurseries, (2) testing laboratories, (3) distributors/transporters, (4) retailers, (5) microbusinesses, (6) event organizers, and (7) manufacturers. Categories of licenses are further broken down into subtypes. For example, there are multiple types of cultivation licenses available depending upon the size of the cultivation operation and whether the operation is indoors/outdoors or uses mixed lighting. Different manufacturing licenses are available depending upon whether volatile or non-volatile solvents are used. Retail licenses are available depending upon whether the retailer operates from a store-front or a non-store front.
-26-
California Agencies Regulating the Commercial Cannabis Industry
The CDFA oversees nurseries and cultivators; the CDPH oversees manufacturers, and the BCC oversees distributors, retailers, delivery services, and testing laboratories. Operators must apply to one or more of these agencies for their licenses, and each agency has released regulations specific to the operation of the types of businesses they oversee. The BCC has a number of regulations that apply to all licensees, but the CDFA and CDPH regulations only apply to the licensees in their charge.
The Marijuana Supply Chain in California
In California, depending on a local government’s own marijuana ordinances, plants may be cultivated outdoors, using mixed-light methods, or fully indoors. Cultivators must initially acquire seeds, clones, teens, or other immature plants from nurseries.
The cultivation, processing, and movement of marijuana within the state is tracked by the METRC system, into which all licensees are required to input their track and trace data (either manually or using another software that automatically uploads to METRC). Immature plants are assigned a Unique Identifier number (“ UID ”), and this number follows the flowers and biomass resulting from that plant through the supply chain, all the way to the consumer. Each licensee in the supply chain is required to meticulously log any processing, packaging, and sales associated with that UID.
When marijuana plants mature and complete their life cycle, they are harvested cured, and trimmed, in preparation of being sold to distributors or manufacturers. Cultivators have two main products: flowers, or “buds,” and the biomass, or “trim,” which is typically removed from the mature flowers. Trim is commonly sold to Manufacturers for further processing into cannabis extracts. Buds may also be sold to Manufacturers, or to Distributors for sale to Retailers. The Cultivator may package and label its marijuana flowers or may sell flower in bulk and the Distributor may package and label the flower.
Manufactured marijuana goods may be sold from a manufacturer to a Distributor but must be provided to Distributors in their final packaging. Distributors may not package manufactured marijuana goods. Certain tax rates apply to the marijuana flower and biomass, which are assessed per ounce of product sold. The California State excise tax is paid by the Cultivator to the Distributor, or alternatively the Manufacturer, and it is the Distributor that has the responsibility of tendering the excise taxes to the State of California.
Marijuana in California may only be transported by licensed distributors. Some cultivators and manufacturers have their own distribution licenses, and others contract with third party distributors. Distributors may or may not take possession of the marijuana and marijuana products. This has evolved in such a way that, similar to the alcohol distribution model, retailers are choosing from a portfolio of products carried by the Distributors they work with. Brands are doing some direct marketing to Retailers, but many Brands target their marketing to Distributors.
Distributors are the point in the supply chain where final quality assurance testing is performed on products before they go to a retailer. Retailers may not accept product without an accompanying certificate of analysis (“ COA ”). Distributors must hold product to be tested on their premises in “quarantine” and arrange for an employee of a licensed testing laboratory to come to their premises and obtain samples from any and all goods proposed to be shipped to a retailer. Marijuana and marijuana products are issued either a “pass” or “fail” by the testing laboratory. Under some circumstances, the BCC’s regulations allow for failing product to be “remediated” or to be re-labeled to more accurately reflect the COA.
Retail Compliance in California
California requires that certain warnings, images, and content information be printed on all marijuana packaging. BCC regulations also include certain requirements about tamper-evident and child-resistant packaging. Distributors and retailers are responsible for confirming that products are properly labeled and packaged before they are sold to a customer.
-27-
Consumers aged 21 and up may purchase marijuana in California from a dispensary with an “adult-use” license. Some localities still only allow medicinal dispensaries. Consumers aged 18 and up with a valid physician’s recommendation may purchase marijuana from a medicinal-only dispensary or an adult-use dispensary. Consumers without valid physician’s recommendations may not purchase marijuana from a medicinal-only dispensary. All marijuana businesses are prohibited from hiring employees under the age of 21.
Security Requirements
Each local government in California has its own security requirements for cannabis businesses, which usually include comprehensive video surveillance, intrusion detection and alarms, and limited access areas in the dispensary. The State also has similar security requirements, including that there be limited-access areas where only employees and other authorized individuals may enter. All Licensee employees must wear employee badges. The limited access areas must be locked with “commercial-grade, non-residential door locks on all points of entry and exit to the licensed premises.”
Each licensed premises must have a digital video surveillance system that can “effectively and clearly” record images of the area under surveillance. Cameras must be in a location that allows the camera to clearly record activity occurring within 20 feet of all points of entry and exit on the licensed premises. The regulations list specific areas which must be under surveillance, including places where cannabis goods are weighed, packed, stored, loaded, and unloaded, security rooms, and entrances and exits to the premises. Retailers must record point of sale areas on the video surveillance system.
Licensed retailers must hire security personnel to provide on-site security services for the licensed retail premises during hours of operation. All security personnel must be licensed by the Bureau of Security and Investigative Services.
California also has extensive record-keeping and track and trace requirements for all licensees.
Inspections
All licensees are subject to annual and random inspections of their premises. Cultivators may be inspected by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, the California Regional Water Quality Control Boards, and the California Department of Food and Agriculture. Manufacturers are subject to inspection by the California Department of Public Health, and Retailers, Distributors, Testing Laboratories, and Delivery services are subject to inspection by the Bureau of Cannabis Control. Inspections can result in notices to correct, or notices of violation, fines, or other disciplinary action by the inspecting agency.
Retail taxes in California
Retailers generally must pay the excise tax to final distributors when they make wholesale purchases. These distributors then remit the retail excise taxes to the California Department of Tax Fee Administration (“ CDTFA ”), which administers State cannabis taxes. Retailers must make these payments before they sell the products to consumers, so the tax is based directly on the wholesale price (the price that retailers pay to distributors) rather than the retail price (the price that consumers pay to retailers). The CDTFA sets the tax based on its estimate of the average ratio of the average ratio of retail prices to wholesale prices—commonly known as a ‘markup’. CDTFA’s current markup estimate (as of January 1, 2020) is 80%. Due to the 15% statutory tax rate and the 80% markup estimate, the current effective tax rate on wholesale gross receipts is 27%.
In addition, the State taxes, cities and counties throughout California apply their own approaches to taxing cannabis. These approaches fall into three broad categories. First, many local governments impose the same tax rate on all cannabis businesses regardless of type. Second, many local governments impose higher tax rates on retailers than other types of cannabis businesses. Third, a few local governments license cannabis businesses but do not levy taxes specifically on cannabis. The California Legislative Analyst’s Office estimates that the average cumulative local tax rate over the whole supply chain is roughly equivalent to a 14% tax on retail sales.
-28-
After receiving approval from the BCC in August 2020, the Company owns 100% of the issued and outstanding membership interests of Leef. The Company has and will only engage in transactions with other licensed California marijuana businesses and has a compliance officer to oversee dispensary operations in the State. The Company is developing standard operating procedures for this and future California holdings to ensure consistency and compliance across its California holdings. The Company and, to the best of the knowledge of the Company, Leef Industries, are in compliance with California’s marijuana regulatory program.
Regulation of the Medical Cannabis Market in Connecticut
The State of Connecticut has authorized cultivation, possession, and distribution of marijuana for medical purposes by certain licensed Connecticut marijuana businesses. The Medical Marijuana Program (the “ MMP ”) registers qualifying patients, primary caregivers, Dispensary Facilities (“ DFs ”), and Dispensary Facility Employees (“ DFEs ”). The MMP was established by Connecticut General Statutes §§ 21a-408–21a-429. DFs and production facilities are separately licensed.
The MMP is administered by the Department of Consumer Protection (the “ DCP ”). Patients with qualifying debilitating medical conditions qualify to participate in the program, including patients with such conditions include but are not limited to cancer, glaucoma, positive status for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), Parkinson’s disease, or multiple sclerosis (MS). A physician or advanced practice registered nurse must issue a written certification for an MMP patient, and the qualifying patient or caregiver must choose one designated DF where the patient’s marijuana will be obtained.
Connecticut Licensing Requirements
In Connecticut, marijuana may not be produced or dispensed without the appropriate license. The DCP determines how many facility licenses to issue based on the size and location of the DFs in operation, the number of qualifying patients registered with the DCP, and the convenience and economic benefits to qualifying patients.
When the DCP determines that additional licenses for DFs should be granted, it publishes a notice of open applications for DF licenses. This notice must include the maximum number of licenses to be granted, the deadline for receipt of applications, and the criteria that will be considered when awarding the licenses. Such criteria must include character and fitness of any person who may have control or influence over the operation of the proposed DF; the location for the proposed DF; the applicant’s ability to maintain adequate controls against the diversion, theft, or loss of marijuana; the applicant’s ability to maintain the knowledge, understanding, judgment, procedures, security controls and ethics to ensure optimal safety and accuracy in the dispensing and sale of marijuana; and the extent to which the applicant or any of the applicant’s DF backers have a financial interest in another licensee, registrant, or applicant.
Applicants for DF licenses must identify, among other things, the proposed DF location, financial statements, criminal background check applications for the applicant and applicant’s backers, a plan to prevent theft and diversion, and a blueprint of the proposed DF. An application for a DF license also requires the payment of a $5,000 fee. If approved, the licensee must pay an additional $5,000 before receiving its license. The decision of the DCP’s Commissioner (the “ Commissioner ”) not to award a DF license to an applicant is final.
Connecticut Licenses (the “ Connecticut License ”)
| Holding Entity | Permit/ License | City | Expiration/Renewal Date (if applicable) (MM/DD/YY) |
Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trulieve Bristol Inc. | Medical Marijuana Dispensary Facility License |
Bristol | 04/15/21 | Dispensary |
-29-
Connecticut Dispensary Facility Requirements
A DF may not dispense marijuana from, obtain marijuana from, or transfer marijuana to, a location outside of the state of Connecticut. DFs are limited to the following modes of obtaining, delivering, transferring, transporting, and selling marijuana:
-
A DF may acquire marijuana from a producer;
-
A DF may dispense and sell marijuana to a qualifying patient or primary caregiver registered to their facility and who is registered with the DCP;
-
A DF may dispense or sell to a research program subject pursuant to the protocols of a research program approved by the Commissioner;
-
A DF may transfer, distribute, deliver, transport, or sell to a research program employee pursuant to the protocols of a research program approved by the Commissioner;
-
A DF may transfer, distribute, deliver or transport to a hospice or other inpatient care facility licensed by the Department of Public Health that has a protocol for handling and distributing marijuana that has been approved by the DCP; and
-
A DF may transfer, distribute, deliver or transport marijuana to an approved laboratory.
Only a pharmacist licensed as a dispensary may dispense marijuana, and only a dispensary or dispensary technician may sell marijuana to qualifying patients, primary caregivers, or research program subjects who are registered with the DCP. A DF may not engage in marijuana compounding, except that a dispensary may dilute a medical marijuana product with a USP grade substance with no active ingredient for the purposes of dose titration, tapering, for the addition of a flavoring agent, or to create a maintenance dose that is not available from any producer at the time of purchase. No person associated with a DF may enter into any agreement with a certifying health care provider or health care facility concerning the provision of services or equipment that may adversely affect any person’s freedom to choose the DF at which the qualifying patient or primary caregiver will purchase marijuana, except in the case of an approved research program.
All DFEs must, at all times while at the DF, have their current dispensary license, dispensary technician registration or DFE registration available for inspection by the Commissioner or the DCP. The DF shall establish, implement and adhere to a written alcohol-free, drug-free and smoke-free workplace policy, which must be available to the DCP upon request. Marijuana may not be applied, ingested, or consumed inside a DF.
Each DF must make publicly available the price of all its marijuana products to prospective qualifying patients and primary caregivers. All marijuana must be sold in child-resistant, sealed containers except upon a written request from the qualifying patient or primary caregiver. No marijuana may be sold without the producer label. All products sold to the qualifying patient or primary caregiver must be placed in an opaque package that shall not indicate the contents of the package, the originating facility or in any other way cause another person to believe that the package may contain marijuana. Each DF must also provide information to qualifying patients and primary caregivers regarding the possession and use of marijuana. The DF manager must submit all informational material to the Commissioner for approval prior to such information being provided to qualifying patients and primary caregivers.
Connecticut Security and Storage Requirements
All facilities must have an adequate security system to prevent and detect loss of marijuana. These systems must use commercial grade equipment, including perimeter alarms, motion detectors, video cameras with 24-hour recordings (which must be retained for at least 30 days), silent alarms, panic alarms, a failure notification system, and the ability to remain operational during a power outage. Each facility must also have a back-up alarm system approved by the Commissioner. The outside perimeter of every facility must be well-lit. All equipment must be kept in good working order and tested at least twice per year.
A DF must:
- Not maintain marijuana in excess of the quantity required for normal, efficient operation;
-30-
-
Store all marijuana in an approved safe or approved vault and in such a manner as to prevent diversion, theft or loss;
-
Maintain all marijuana in a secure area or location accessible only to specifically authorized employees, which shall include only the minimum number of employees essential for efficient operation;
-
Keep all approved safes and approved vaults securely locked and protected from entry, except for the actual time required to remove or replace marijuana;
-
Keep all locks and security equipment in good working order;
-
Keep the dispensary department securely locked and protected from entry by unauthorized employees; and
-
Post a sign at all entry ways into any area of the DF containing marijuana stating, “Do Not Enter - Limited Access Area - Access Limited to Authorized Employees Only.” All deliveries must be carried out under the direct supervision of a pharmacist licensed as a dispensary, who must be present to accept the delivery. Upon delivery, the marijuana must immediately be placed in an approved safe or approved vault within the dispensary.
No person may enter the area where marijuana is dispensed and sold unless such person is licensed or registered by the DCP; such person’s responsibilities necessitate access to the dispensary department and then for only as long as necessary to perform the person’s job duties; or such person has a patient or caregiver registration certificate, in which case such person must not be permitted behind the service counter or in other areas where marijuana is stored.
Connecticut Transportation Requirements
Prior to transporting any marijuana or marijuana product, a DF must complete a shipping manifest using a form prescribed by the Commissioner and securely transmit a copy of the manifest to the laboratory, research program location, hospice, or other inpatient care facility that will receive the products and to the DCP at least 24 hours prior to transport. These manifests must be maintained and made available to the DCP. Marijuana may only be transported in a locked, secure storage compartment that is part of the vehicle transporting the marijuana. This compartment may not be visible from outside the vehicle. Routes must be randomized.
All transport vehicles must be staffed with a minimum of two employees. At least one delivery team member is required to remain with the vehicle at all times that the vehicle contains marijuana. A delivery team member must have access to a secure form of communication with employees at the originating facility at all times that the vehicle contains marijuana. A delivery team member must physically possess a department-issued identification card at all times when transporting or delivering marijuana and must produce it to the Commissioner or law enforcement official upon request.
No marijuana may be sold, dispensed or distributed via a delivery service or any other manner outside of a DF, except that a primary caregiver may deliver marijuana to the caregiver’s qualified patient and a DFE may deliver to a hospice or other inpatient care facility licensed by the Department of Public Health that has a protocol for handling and distributing marijuana that has been approved by the DCP.
Inspections by the Commissioner
All documents required to be kept by a facility must be maintained in an auditable format for no less than three years. These records must be provided to the Commissioner or an authorized delegate immediately upon request. Additionally, the Commissioner and authorized delegates may enter any place, including a vehicle, where marijuana is held, produced, or otherwise handled, and inspect in a reasonable manner such place and all pertinent items and documents within it.
Regulation of the Medical Cannabis Market in Pennsylvania
The Pennsylvania medical marijuana program was signed into law on April 17, 2016 under Act 16 (“ Act 16 ”) and provided access to state residents with one or more qualifying conditions. Pennsylvania has promulgated regulations in to implement Act 16, which are primarily found in Chapters 1131 through 1210 of the Pennsylvania Code.
-31-
Under Act 16, medical marijuana refers to marijuana obtained for certified medical use by a Pennsylvania resident with at least 1 of 23 qualifying medical conditions. Act 16 initially authorized 17 qualifying conditions, however, through regulatory approval, that list has expanded and now includes anxiety disorders, ALS, Autism, Cancer, Crhon’s Disease, damage to the nervous tissue of the spinal cord with neurological indication of intractable spasticity, Dyskinetic & spastic movement disorders, Epilepsy, Glaucoma, HIV & AIDS, Huntington’s Disease, IBD, Intractable Seizures, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurodegenerative diseases, Neuropathy, opioid disorder, Parkinson’s disease, PTSD, severe chronic pain of neuropathic origin or which conventional therapy is ineffective, Sickle Cell Anemia, a terminal illness, and Tourette Syndrome.
Under Act 16 and the implementing regulations, patients who are residents of the Commonwealth and have a qualifying medical condition as certified by a physician are able to obtain medical marijuana at approved dispensaries with the Commonwealth. A registered caregiver of an approved patient may also obtain medical marijuana from an approved dispensary. Pennsylvania does not permit home delivery of medical marijuana at this time.
Pennsylvania Licenses and Regulations
Act 16 authorized 2 principal categories of permits: (1) a grower/ processor permit, and (2) a dispensary permit. The Pennsylvania Department of Health was authorized to issue up to 25 grower/processor permits and up to 50 dispensary permits. A dispensary permit holder may have up to 3 dispensary locations within the primary region which it is located. The Commonwealth is divided into 6 regions with permits being awarded based on patient population. The Commonwealth originally awarded only 12 grower/processor permits and 27 dispensary permits. Subsequently, the Commonwealth granted additional grower/processor and dispensary permits as part of its phase II application process. Pennsylvania also allows for a clinical registrant permit which allows clinical registrant permit holders to operate both a grower/ processor operation and multiple dispensary locations. Additionally, clinical registrants must partner with an approved medical research institution within the Commonwealth to conduct marijuana-based clinical research programs. All permit holders (whether grower/processor or dispensary) are required to use the state-approved seed-to-sale tracking software for all inventory management, tracking and dispensations. Pennsylvania currently utilizes the MJFreeway platform.
All cultivation/processing establishments and dispensaries must register with Pennsylvania Department of Health. Registration certificates are valid for a period of one year and are subject to strict annual renewal requirements. A grower/processor permit allows a permit holder to acquire wholesale from another grower/processor, possess, cultivate, and manufacture/process into medical marijuana products and/or medical marijuana-infused products, deliver, transfer, have tested, transport, supply or sell marijuana and related supplies to medical marijuana dispensaries. A grower/processor may transport products itself or may contract with an approved transporter. A grower/processor is not limited to the region it is located in and may distribute medical marijuana products to any approved dispensary within the Commonwealth.
Approved dispensaries may only purchase approved medical marijuana products from a permitted grower/processor and may only dispense to certified patients or caregivers who present valid identification cards. Prior to dispensing medical marijuana products to a patient or caregiver, the dispensary shall: (1) verify the validity of the patient or caregiver identification card using the electronic tracking system; and (2) review the information on the patient’s most recent certification by using the electronic tracking system to access the Pennsylvania Department of Health’s database. The following requirements apply: (i) if a practitioner sets forth recommendations, requirements or limitations as to the form and/or dosage of a medical marijuana product on the patient certification, the medical marijuana product dispensed to a patient or caregiver by a dispensary must conform to those recommendations, requirements or limitations; (ii) if a practitioner does not set forth recommendations, requirements or limitations as to the form or dosage of a medical marijuana product on the patient certification, the physician, pharmacist, physician assistant or certified registered nurse practitioner employed by the dispensary and working at the facility shall consult with the patient or the caregiver regarding the appropriate form and dosage of the medical marijuana product to be dispensed; and (iii) the dispensary shall update the patient certification in the electronic tracking system by entering any recommendation as to the form or dosage of medical marijuana product that is dispensed to the patient.
-32-
Pennsylvania Department of Health Inspections
The Pennsylvania Department of Health may conduct announced or unannounced inspections or investigations to determine the medical marijuana organization’s compliance with its permit. An investigation or inspection may include an inspection of a medical marijuana organization’s site, facility, vehicles, books, records, papers, documents, data, and other physical or electronic information.
Other
The foregoing description of laws and regulations to which the Company is or may be subject is not exhaustive, and the regulatory framework governing the Company’s operations is subject to continuous change. The enactment of new laws and regulations or the interpretation of existing laws and regulations in an unfavorable way may affect the operation of the Company’s business, directly or indirectly, which could result in substantial regulatory compliance costs, civil or criminal penalties, including fines, adverse publicity, loss of participating dealers, lost revenue, increased expenses, and decreased profitability. Further, investigations by government agencies, including the FTC, into allegedly anticompetitive, unfair, deceptive or other business practices by the Company, could cause the Company to incur additional expenses and, if adversely concluded, could result in substantial civil or criminal penalties and significant legal liability.
THE SELLING SECURITYHOLDERS
Securities may be sold under this Prospectus by way of secondary offering by or for the account of certain of our securityholders. The Prospectus Supplement that the Company will file in connection with any offering of Securities by selling securityholders will include the following information:
-
the names of the selling securityholders;
-
if the selling securityholder is incorporated, continued or otherwise organized under the laws of a foreign jurisdiction or resides outside Canada, the name and address of the person or company the selling securityholder has appointed as agent for service of process;
-
to the extent any selling securityholder is resident outside Canada, that (i) the selling securityholders will file a non-issuer’s submission to jurisdictionws form with the corresponding Prospectus Supplement, and (ii) the “Selling Securityholders” section of the Prospectus Supplement will include a statement to that effect;
-
the number or amount of Securities owned, controlled or directed of the class being distributed by each selling securityholder;
-
the number or amount of Securities of the class being distributed for the account of each selling securityholder;
-
the number or amount of Securities of any class to be owned, controlled or directed by the selling securityholders after the distribution and the percentage that number or amount represents of the total number of our outstanding Securities;
-
whether the Securities are owned by the selling securityholders both of record and beneficially, of record only, or beneficially only; and
-
all other information that is required to be included in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.
-33-
USE OF PROCEEDS
The net proceeds to the Company from any offering of Securities and the proposed use of those proceeds will be set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement relating to that offering of Securities. Among other potential uses, the Company may use the net proceeds from the sale of Securities for general corporate purposes, including funding ongoing operations and/or working capital requirements, to repay indebtedness outstanding from time to time, capital projects and potential future acquisitions. The Company will not receive any proceeds from any sale of any Securities by the selling securityholders.
Management of the Company will retain broad discretion in allocating the net proceeds of any offering of Securities by the Company under this Prospectus and the Company’s actual use of the net proceeds will vary depending on the availability and suitability of investment opportunities and its operating and capital needs from time to time. All expenses relating to an offering of Securities and any compensation paid to underwriting dealers or agents as the case may be, will be paid out of the proceeds from the sale of Securities, unless otherwise stated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. See “ Risk Factors - Discretion in the Use of Proceeds”.
The Company may, from time to time, issue securities (including Securities) other than pursuant to this Prospectus
DESCRIPTION OF THE SHARE CAPITAL OF THE COMPANY
The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of Subordinate Voting Shares, an unlimited number of Multiple Voting Shares and an unlimited number of Super Voting Shares. The outstanding share capital of the Company as of January 28, 2021 consists of: (i) 59,958,194 Subordinate Voting Shares; (ii) 14,390.37 Multiple Voting Shares, and (iii) 581,825 Super Voting Shares. All of the issued and outstanding Super Voting Shares are held by the principal shareholders of the Company prior to the Transaction, or entities controlled by such shareholders (being Kim Rivers, Ben Atkins, Thad Beshears, Telogia Pharm, LLC, KOPUS, LLC and Shade Leaf Holding LLC (collectively, the “ Founders ”).
The Subordinate Voting Shares are “restricted securities” within the meaning of such term under applicable Canadian securities laws. The Company has complied with the requirements of Part 12 of National Instrument 41101 – General Prospectus Requirements (“ NI 41-101 ”) to be able to file a prospectus under which the Subordinate Voting Shares or securities that are, directly or indirectly, convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, the Subordinate Voting Shares are distributed, as the Company received the requisite prior majority approval of shareholders of the Company, at the annual and special meeting of shareholders held on August 15, 2018, in accordance with applicable law, including Section 12.3 of NI 41-101, for the Share Reorganization. The Share Reorganization constituted a “restricted security reorganization” within the meaning of such term under applicable Canadian securities laws.
As of January 28, 2021, the Subordinate Voting Shares represent approximately 33.73% of the voting rights attached to outstanding securities of the Company, the Multiple Voting Shares represent approximately 0.81% of the voting rights attached to outstanding securities of the Company and the Super Voting Shares represent approximately 65.46% of the voting rights attached to outstanding securities of the Company.
The following is a summary of the rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions attached to the Subordinate Voting Shares, the Multiple Voting Shares and the Super Voting Shares, but does not purport to be complete. Reference should be made to the articles of the Company and the full text of their provisions for a complete description thereof, which are available under the Company’s profile on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.
Subordinate Voting Shares
Holders of Subordinate Voting Shares are entitled to notice of and to attend at any meeting of the shareholders of the Company, except a meeting of which only holders of another particular class or series of shares of the Company will have the right to vote. At each such meeting holders of Subordinate Voting Shares are entitled to one vote in respect of each Subordinate Voting Share held. As long as any Subordinate Voting Shares remain outstanding, the Company may not, without the consent of the holders of the Subordinate Voting Shares by separate special resolution,
-34-
prejudice or interfere with any right or special right attached to the Subordinate Voting Shares. Holders of Subordinate Voting Shares are entitled to receive as and when declared by the directors, dividends in cash or property of the Company. No dividend will be declared or paid on the Subordinate Voting Shares unless the Company simultaneously declares or pays, as applicable, equivalent dividends (on an as-converted to Subordinate Voting Share basis) on the Multiple Voting Shares and Super Voting Shares. Holders of Subordinate Voting Shares are entitled to receive as and when declared by the directors of the Company, dividends in cash or property of the Company. In the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, or in the event of any other distribution of assets of the Company among its shareholders for the purpose of winding up its affairs, the holders of Subordinate Voting Shares are, subject to the prior rights of the holders of any shares of the Company ranking in priority to the Subordinate Voting Shares, entitled to participate rateably along with all other holders of Multiple Voting Shares (on an as-converted to Subordinate Voting Share basis), Subordinate Voting Shares and Super Voting Shares (on an as-converted to Subordinate Voting Share basis). Holders of Subordinate Voting Shares are not entitled to a right of first refusal to subscribe for, purchase or receive any part of any issue of Subordinate Voting Shares, or bonds, debentures or other securities of the Company now or in the future. No subdivision or consolidation of the Subordinate Voting Shares, Multiple Voting Shares or Super Voting Shares shall occur unless, simultaneously, the Subordinate Voting Shares, Multiple Voting Shares and Super Voting Shares are subdivided or consolidated in the same manner or such other adjustment is made so as to maintain and preserve the relative rights of the holders of the shares of each of the said classes.
Super Voting Shares
Holders of Super Voting Shares are entitled to notice of and to attend at any meeting of the shareholders of the Company, except a meeting of which only holders of another particular class or series of shares of the Company shall have the right to vote. At each such meeting, holders of Super Voting Shares are entitled to two votes in respect of each Subordinate Voting Share into which such Super Voting Share could ultimately then be converted (initially, 200 votes per Super Voting Share). As long as any Super Voting Shares remain outstanding, the Company may not, without the consent of the holders of the Super Voting Shares by separate special resolution, prejudice or interfere with any right or special right attached to the Super Voting Shares. Consent of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Super Voting Shares is required for any action that authorizes or creates shares of any class having preferences superior to or on a parity with the Super Voting Shares. In connection with the exercise of the voting rights in respect of any proposed alteration of rights, each holder of Super Voting Shares has one vote in respect of each Super Voting Share held.
Holders of Super Voting Shares have the right to receive dividends, out of any cash or other assets legally available therefor, pari passu (on an as converted to Subordinated Voting Share basis) as to dividends and any declaration or payment of any dividend on the Subordinate Voting Shares. No dividend is to be declared or paid on the Super Voting Shares unless the Company simultaneously declares or pays, as applicable, equivalent dividends (on an asconverted to Subordinate Voting Share basis) on the Subordinate Voting Shares and Multiple Voting Shares. In the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, or in the event of any other distribution of assets of the Company among its shareholders for the purpose of winding up its affairs, holders of Super Voting Shares are, subject to the prior rights of the holders of any shares of the Company ranking in priority to the Super Voting Shares, entitled to participate rateably along with all other holders of Super Voting Shares (on an as-converted to Subordinate Voting Share basis), Subordinate Voting Shares and Multiple Voting Shares (on an as-converted to Subordinate Voting Share basis). Holders of Super Voting Shares are not entitled to a right of first refusal to subscribe for, purchase or receive any part of any issue of Subordinate Voting Shares, or bonds, debentures or other securities of the Company.
Each Super Voting Share is convertible, at the option of the holder thereof, at any time after the date of issuance of such share, into such number of fully paid and non-assessable Multiple Voting Shares as is determined by multiplying the number of Super Voting Shares by the Conversion Ratio applicable to such share, determined as hereafter provided, in effect on the date the Super Voting Share is surrendered for conversion. The initial “ Conversion Ratio ” for the Super Voting Shares is one Multiple Voting Share for each Super Voting Share, subject to adjustment in certain events. A Super Voting Share will automatically be converted (without further action by the holder thereof) into one Multiple Voting Share upon the transfer by the holder thereof to anyone other than another Founder, an immediate family member of a Founder or a transfer for purposes of estate or tax planning to a
-35-
company or person that is wholly beneficially owned by a Founder or immediate family members of a Founder or which a Founder or immediate family members of a Founder are the sole beneficiaries thereof (the Transfer Conversion ”). In addition, each Super Voting Share held by a particular Founder will automatically be converted without further action by the holder thereof into Multiple Voting Shares at the Conversion Ratio for each Super Voting Share held if at any time the aggregate number of issued and outstanding Super Voting Shares beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, by that Founder and that Founder’s predecessor or transferor, permitted transferees and permitted successors, divided by the number of Super Voting Shares beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, by that Founder (and the Founder’s predecessor or transferor, permitted transferees and permitted successors) as at the date of completion of the Transaction is less than 50% (the “ Threshold Conversion ”). Each Super Voting Share will also automatically be converted (the “ Sunset Conversion ” and together with the Transfer Conversion and Threshold Conversion, the “ SVS Mandatory Conversion ”), without further action by the holder thereof, into Multiple Voting Shares at the Conversion Ratio for each Super Voting Share held on the date that is 30 months following the closing of the Transaction.
The Super Voting Shares are subject to standard anti-dilution adjustments in the event the Company declares a distribution to holders of Multiple Voting Shares, effects a recapitalization of the Multiple Voting Shares, issues Multiple Voting Shares as a dividend or other distribution on outstanding Multiple Voting Shares, or subdivides or consolidates the outstanding Multiple Voting Shares. No fractional Multiple Voting Shares shall be issued upon the conversion of any share or shares of Super Voting Shares and the number of Multiple Voting Shares to be issued shall be rounded up to the nearest whole Multiple Voting Share.
Multiple Voting Shares
Holders of Multiple Voting Shares are entitled to notice of and to attend at any meeting of the shareholders of the Company, except a meeting of which only holders of another particular class or series of shares of the Company have the right to vote. At each such meeting, holders of Multiple Voting Shares are entitled to one vote in respect of each Subordinate Voting Share into which such Multiple Voting Share could ultimately then be converted (initially, 100 votes per Multiple Voting Share). As long as any Multiple Voting Shares remain outstanding, the Company may not, without the consent of the holders of the Multiple Voting Shares and Super Voting Shares by separate special resolution, prejudice or interfere with any right or special right attached to the Multiple Voting Shares. In connection with the exercise of the voting rights relating to any proposed alteration of rights, each holder of Multiple Voting Shares has one vote in respect of each Multiple Voting Share held.
Holders of Multiple Voting Shares have the right to receive dividends, out of any cash or other assets legally available therefor, pari passu (on an as converted basis, assuming conversion of all Multiple Voting Shares into Subordinate Voting Shares at the Conversion Ratio) as to dividends and any declaration or payment of any dividend on the Subordinate Voting Shares. No dividend may be declared or paid on the Multiple Voting Shares unless the Company simultaneously declares or pays, as applicable, equivalent dividends (on an as-converted to Subordinate Voting Share basis) on the Subordinate Voting Shares and Super Voting Shares. In the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, or in the event of any other distribution of assets of the Company among its shareholders for the purpose of winding up its affairs, holders of Multiple Voting Shares, subject to the prior rights of the holders of any shares of the Company ranking in priority to the Multiple Voting Shares, are entitled to participate rateably along with all other holders of Multiple Voting Shares (on an as-converted to Subordinate Voting Share basis), Subordinate Voting Shares and Super Voting Shares (on an as-converted to Subordinate Voting Share basis). Holders of Multiple Voting Shares are not entitled to a right of first refusal to subscribe for, purchase or receive any part of any issue of Subordinate Voting Shares, or bonds, debentures or other securities of the Company.
Each Multiple Voting Share is convertible, at the option of the holder thereof, at any time after the date of issuance of such share, into such number of fully paid and non-assessable Subordinate Voting Shares as is determined by multiplying the number of Multiple Voting Shares by the Conversion Ratio applicable to such share in effect on the date the Multiple Voting Share is surrendered for conversion. The initial “ Conversion Ratio ” for Multiple Voting Shares is 100 Subordinate Voting Shares for each Multiple Voting Share, subject to adjustment in certain events. The Company is to use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain its status as a “foreign private issuer” (as determined in accordance with Rule 3b-4 under the United States Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the
-36-
“ Exchange Act ”). Accordingly, the Company shall not affect any conversion of Multiple Voting Shares, and holders of Multiple Voting Shares may not convert any portion of the Multiple Voting Shares to the extent that after giving effect to all permitted issuances after such conversions of Multiple Voting Shares, the aggregate number of Subordinate Voting Shares, Super Voting Shares and Multiple Voting Shares held of record, directly or indirectly, by U.S. Residents would exceed 40% (the “ 40% Threshold ”) of the aggregate number of Subordinate Voting Shares, Super Voting Shares and Multiple Voting Shares issued and outstanding after giving effect to such conversions (the “ FPI Protective Restriction ”); provided the Board may, by resolution, increase the 40% Threshold to an amount not to exceed 50%. The Company may require each holder of Multiple Voting Shares (including any holder of Multiple Voting Shares issued upon conversion of the Super Voting Shares) to convert all, and not less than all, the Multiple Voting Shares at the applicable Conversion Ratio if at any time all the following conditions are satisfied (or otherwise waived by special resolution of holders of Multiple Voting Shares): (i) the Subordinate Voting Shares issuable upon conversion of all the Multiple Voting Shares are registered for resale and may be sold by the holder thereof pursuant to an effective registration statement and/or prospectus covering the Subordinate Voting Shares under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended; (ii) the Company is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act; and (iii) the Subordinate Voting Shares are listed or quoted (and are not suspended from trading) on a recognized North American stock exchange or by way of reverse takeover transaction on the Toronto Stock Exchange, the TSX Venture Exchange, the CSE or Aequitas NEO Exchange (or any other stock exchange recognized as such by the Ontario Securities Commission).
The Multiple Voting Shares are subject to standard anti-dilution adjustments in the event the Company declares a distribution to holders of Subordinate Voting Shares, effects a recapitalization of the Subordinate Voting Shares, issues Subordinate Voting Shares as a dividend or other distribution on outstanding Subordinate Voting Shares, or subdivides or consolidates the outstanding Subordinate Voting Shares. No fractional Subordinate Voting Shares shall be issued upon the conversion of any share or shares of Multiple Voting Shares and the number of Subordinate Voting Shares to be issued shall be rounded up to the nearest whole Subordinate Voting Share.
Take-Over Bid Protection
Under applicable Canadian law, an offer to purchase Super Voting Shares would not necessarily require that an offer be made to purchase Subordinate Voting Shares or Multiple Voting Shares. In accordance with the rules applicable to most senior issuers in Canada, in the event of a take-over bid, the holders of Subordinate Voting Shares or of Multiple Voting Shares will be entitled to participate on an equal footing with holders of Super Voting Shares. The Founders, as the owners of all the outstanding Super Voting Shares, have entered into a customary coattail agreement with the Company and a trustee (the “ Coattail Agreement ”). The Coattail Agreement contains provisions customary for dual class, listed corporations designed to prevent transactions that otherwise would deprive the holders of Subordinate Voting Shares or of Multiple Voting Shares of rights under applicable provincial take-over bid legislation to which they would have been entitled if the Super Voting Shares had been Subordinate Voting Shares or Multiple Voting Shares.
The undertakings in the Coattail Agreement will not apply to prevent a sale by any Founder of Super Voting Shares if concurrently an offer is made to purchase Subordinate Voting Shares and Multiple Voting Shares that: (i) offers a price per Subordinate Voting Share or Multiple Voting Share (on an as converted to Subordinate Voting Share basis) at least as high as the highest price per share paid pursuant to the take-over bid for the Super Voting Shares (on an as converted to Subordinate Voting Share basis); (ii) provides that the percentage of outstanding Subordinate Voting Shares or Multiple Voting Shares to be taken up (exclusive of shares owned immediately prior to the offer by the offeror or persons acting jointly or in concert with the offeror) is at least as high as the percentage of Super Voting Shares to be sold (exclusive of Super Voting Shares owned immediately prior to the offer by the offeror and persons acting jointly or in concert with the offeror); (iii) has no condition attached other than the right not to take up and pay for Subordinate Voting Shares or Multiple Voting Shares tendered if no shares are purchased pursuant to the offer for Super Voting Shares; and (iv) is in all other material respects identical to the offer for Super Voting Shares. In addition, the Coattail Agreement will not prevent the transfer of Super Voting Shares by a Founder to a Permitted Holder (as defined below). The conversion of Super Voting Shares into Multiple Voting Shares, whether or not such Multiple Voting Shares are subsequently sold or converted into Subordinate Voting Shares, would not constitute a disposition of Super Voting Shares for the purposes of the Coattail Agreement.
-37-
Under the Coattail Agreement, any disposition of Super Voting Shares (including a transfer to a pledgee as security) by a holder of Super Voting Shares party to the agreement is conditional upon the transferee or pledgee becoming a party to the Coattail Agreement, to the extent such transferred Super Voting Shares are not automatically converted into Multiple Voting Shares in accordance with the Articles. The Coattail Agreement contains provisions for authorizing action by the trustee to enforce the rights under the Coattail Agreement on behalf of the holders of the Subordinate Voting Shares or of the Multiple Voting Shares. The obligation of the trustee to take such action is conditional on the Company or holders of the Subordinate Voting Shares or of the Multiple Voting Shares, as the case may be, providing such funds and indemnity as the trustee may require. No holder of Subordinate Voting Shares or of Multiple Voting Shares, as the case may be, has the right, other than through the trustee, to institute any action or proceeding or to exercise any other remedy to enforce any rights arising under the Coattail Agreement unless the trustee fails to act on a request authorized by holders of not less than 10% of the outstanding Subordinate Voting Shares or of Multiple Voting Shares, as the case may be, and reasonable funds and indemnity have been provided to the trustee. The Company has agreed to pay the reasonable costs of any action that may be taken in good faith by holders of Subordinate Voting Shares or of Multiple Voting Shares, as the case may be, pursuant to the Coattail Agreement.
The Coattail Agreement may not be amended, and no provision thereof may be waived, unless, prior to giving effect to such amendment or waiver, the following have been obtained: (a) the consent of any applicable securities regulatory authority in Canada and (b) the approval of at least 66-2/3% of the votes cast by holders of Subordinate Voting Shares and 66-2/3% of the votes cast by holders of Multiple Voting Shares excluding votes attached to Subordinate Voting Shares and to Multiple Voting Shares, if any, held by the Founders, their affiliates and any persons who have an agreement to purchase Super Voting Shares on terms which would constitute a sale or disposition for purposes of the Coattail Agreement other than as permitted thereby. No provision of the Coattail Agreement limits the rights of any holders of Subordinate Voting Shares or of Multiple Voting Shares under applicable law.
CONSOLIDATED CAPITALIZATION
Since September 30, 2020, the date of the Company’s most recently filed financial Statements, there have been no material changes to the Company’s share and loan capitalization on a consolidated basis, other than (i) the issuance of an aggregate of 4,715,000 Subordinate Voting Shares pursuant to the September 2020 Offering, (ii) the issuance of an aggregate of 37,922 Subordinate Voting Shares on conversion of 379.22 Multiple Voting Shares and (iii) the issuance of an aggregate of 1,780,061 Subordinate Voting Shares in connection with the acquisition of PurePenn and Solevo Wellness.
The applicable Prospectus Supplement will describe any material change, and the effect of such material change, on the share and loan capitalization of the Company that will result from the issuance of Securities pursuant to such Prospectus Supplement.
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES BEING DISTRIBUTED
The following is a brief summary of certain general terms and provisions of the Securities as at the date of this Prospectus. The summary does not purport to be complete and is indicative only. The specific terms of any Securities to be offered under this Prospectus, and the extent to which the general terms described in this Prospectus apply to such Securities, will be set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.
Subordinate Voting Shares
The following is a brief summary of the material attributes of the Subordinate Voting Shares. This summary does not purport to be complete. Subordinate Voting Shares may be sold separately or together with separately or together with other Securities, as the case may be.
Holders of Subordinate Voting Shares are entitled to notice of and to attend at any meeting of the shareholders of the Company, except a meeting of which only holders of another particular class or series of shares of the Company will have the right to vote. At each such meeting holders of Subordinate Voting Shares are entitled to one vote in respect
-38-
of each Subordinate Voting Share held. As long as any Subordinate Voting Shares remain outstanding, the Company may not, without the consent of the holders of the Subordinate Voting Shares by separate special resolution, prejudice or interfere with any right or special right attached to the Subordinate Voting Shares. Holders of Subordinate Voting Shares are entitled to receive as and when declared by the directors, dividends in cash or property of the Company. No dividend will be declared or paid on the Subordinate Voting Shares unless the Company simultaneously declares or pays, as applicable, equivalent dividends (on an as-converted to Subordinate Voting Share basis) on the Multiple Voting Shares and Super Voting Shares. Holders of Subordinate Voting Shares are entitled to receive as and when declared by the directors of the Company, dividends in cash or property of the Company. In the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, or in the event of any other distribution of assets of the Company among its shareholders for the purpose of winding up its affairs, the holders of Subordinate Voting Shares are, subject to the prior rights of the holders of any shares of the Company ranking in priority to the Subordinate Voting Shares, entitled to participate rateably along with all other holders of Multiple Voting Shares (on an as-converted to Subordinate Voting Share basis), Subordinate Voting Shares and Super Voting Shares (on an as-converted to Subordinate Voting Share basis). Holders of Subordinate Voting Shares are not entitled to a right of first refusal to subscribe for, purchase or receive any part of any issue of Subordinate Voting Shares, or bonds, debentures or other securities of the Company now or in the future. No subdivision or consolidation of the Subordinate Voting Shares, Multiple Voting Shares or Super Voting Shares shall occur unless, simultaneously, the Subordinate Voting Shares, Multiple Voting Shares and Super Voting Shares are subdivided or consolidated in the same manner or such other adjustment is made so as to maintain and preserve the relative rights of the holders of the shares of each of the said classes.
Debt Securities
The following is a brief summary of certain general terms and provisions of the Debt Securities that may be offered pursuant to this Prospectus. This summary does not purport to be complete. The particular terms and provisions of the Debt Securities as may be offered pursuant to this Prospectus will be set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement pertaining to such offering of Debt Securities, and the extent to which the general terms and provisions described below may apply to such Debt Securities will be described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.
The Debt Securities may be offered separately or together with other Securities, as the case may be. The Debt Securities will be issued in one or more series under an indenture (the “ Indenture ”) to be entered into between the Company and one or more trustees that will be named in a Prospectus Supplement for a series of Debt Securities. The applicable Prospectus Supplement will include details of the Indenture governing the Debt Securities being offered. A copy of the Indenture relating to an offering of Debt Securities will be filed by the Company with the relevant securities regulatory authorities in Canada after it has been entered into by the Company. The description of certain provisions of the Indenture in this section do not purport to be complete and are subject to, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, the provisions of the Indenture. Terms used in this summary that are not otherwise defined herein have the meaning ascribed to them in the Indenture. The particular terms relating to Debt Securities offered by a Prospectus Supplement will be described in the related Prospectus Supplement. This description may include, but may not be limited to, any of the following, if applicable:
-
the specific designation of the Debt Securities;
-
the price or prices at which the Debt Securities will be issued;
-
any limit on the aggregate principal amount of the Debt Securities;
-
the date or dates, if any, on which the Debt Securities will mature and the portion (if less than all of the principal amount) of the Debt Securities to be payable upon declaration of acceleration of maturity;
-
the rate or rates (whether fixed or variable) at which the Debt Securities will bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which any such interest will accrue and on which any such interest will be payable and the record dates for any interest payable on the Debt Securities that are in registered form;
-
the terms and conditions under which we may be obligated to redeem, repay or purchase the Debt Securities pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or otherwise;
-
the terms and conditions upon which we may redeem the Debt Securities, in whole or in part, at our option;
-
the covenants and events of default applicable to the Debt Securities;
-39-
-
the terms and conditions for any conversion or exchange of the Debt Securities for any other securities;
-
whether the Debt Securities will be issuable in registered form or bearer form or both, and, if issuable in bearer form, the restrictions as to the offer, sale and delivery of the Debt Securities which are in bearer form and as to exchanges between registered form and bearer form;
-
whether the Debt Securities will be issuable in the form of registered global securities (“ Global Securities ”), and, if so, the identity of the depositary for such registered Global Securities;
-
the denominations in which registered Debt Securities will be issuable;
-
each office or agency where payments on the Debt Securities will be made and each office or agency where the Debt Securities may be presented for registration of transfer or exchange;
-
the currency in which the Debt Securities are denominated or the currency in which Trulieve will make payments on the Debt Securities;
-
any index, formula or other method used to determine the amount of payments of principal of (and premium, if any) or interest, if any, on the Debt Securities; and
-
any other terms of the Debt Securities which apply solely to the Debt Securities.
Each series of Debt Securities may be issued at various times with different maturity dates, may bear interest at different rates and may otherwise vary.
The terms on which a series of Debt Securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for Subordinate Voting Shares or other securities of the Company will be described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. These terms may include provisions as to whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at the option of the Company, and may include provisions pursuant to which the number of Subordinate Voting Shares or other securities to be received by the holders of such series of Debt Securities would be subject to adjustment.
To the extent any Debt Securities are convertible into Subordinate Voting Shares or other securities of the Company, prior to such conversion the holders of such Debt Securities will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities into which the Debt Securities are convertible, including the right to receive payments of dividends or the right to vote such underlying securities.
Warrants
The following is a brief summary of certain general terms and provisions of the Warrants that may be offered pursuant to this Prospectus. This summary does not purport to be complete. The particular terms and provisions of the Warrants as may be offered pursuant to this Prospectus will be set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement pertaining to such offering of Warrants, and the extent to which the general terms and provisions described below may apply to such Warrants will be described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.
Warrants may be offered separately or together with other Securities, as the case may be. Each series of Warrants may be issued under a separate warrant indenture or warrant agency agreement to be entered into between the Company and one or more banks or trust companies acting as Warrant agent or may be issued as stand-alone contracts. The applicable Prospectus Supplement will include details of the Warrant agreements, if any, governing the Warrants being offered. The Warrant agent, if any, will be expected to act solely as the agent of the Company and will not assume a relationship of agency with any holders of Warrant certificates or beneficial owners of Warrants. A copy of any warrant indenture or any warrant agency agreement relating to an offering of Warrants will be filed by the Company with the relevant securities regulatory authorities in Canada after it has been entered into by the Company.
Each applicable Prospectus Supplement will set forth the terms and other information with respect to the Warrants being offered thereby, which may include, without limitation, the following (where applicable):
-
the designation of the Warrants;
-
the aggregate number of Warrants offered and the offering price;
-
the designation, number and terms of the other Securities purchasable upon exercise of the Warrants, and procedures that will result in the adjustment of those numbers;
-40-
-
the exercise price of the Warrants;
-
the dates or periods during which the Warrants are exercisable including any “early termination” provisions;
-
the designation, number and terms of any Securities with which the Warrants are issued;
-
if the Warrants are issued as a unit with another Security, the date on and after which the Warrants and the other Security will be separately transferable;
-
whether such Warrants are to be issued in registered form, “book-entry only” form, bearer form or in the form of temporary or permanent global securities and the basis of exchange, transfer and ownership thereof;
-
any minimum or maximum amount of Warrants that may be exercised at any one time;
-
whether such Warrants will be listed on any securities exchange;
-
any terms, procedures and limitations relating to the transferability, exchange or exercise of the Warrants;
-
certain material Canadian tax consequences of owning the Warrants; and
-
any other material terms and conditions of the Warrants.
Subscription Receipts
The following is a brief summary of certain general terms and provisions of the Subscription Receipts that may be offered pursuant to this Prospectus. This summary does not purport to be complete. The particular terms and provisions of the Subscription Receipts as may be offered pursuant to this Prospectus will be set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement pertaining to such offering of Subscription Receipts, and the extent to which the general terms and provisions described below may apply to such Subscription Receipts will be described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. Subscription Receipts may be offered separately or together with other Securities, as the case may be.
The Subscription Receipts may be issued under a subscription receipt agreement. The applicable Prospectus Supplement will include details of the subscription receipt agreement, if any, governing the Subscription Receipts being offered. The Company will file a copy of any subscription receipt agreement, if any, relating to an offering of Subscription Receipts with the relevant securities regulatory authorities in Canada after it has been entered into by the Company.
Each applicable Prospectus Supplement will set forth the terms and other information with respect to the Subscription Receipts being offered thereby, which may include, without limitation, the following (where applicable):
-
the number of Subscription Receipts;
-
the price at which the Subscription Receipts will be offered;
-
the terms, conditions and procedures for the conversion of the Subscription Receipts into other Securities;
-
the dates or periods during which the Subscription Receipts are convertible into other Securities;
-
the designation, number and terms of the other Securities that may be exchanged upon conversion of each Subscription Receipt;
-
the designation, number and terms of any other Securities with which the Subscription Receipts will be offered, if any, and the number of Subscription Receipts that will be offered with each Security;
-
whether such Subscription Receipts are to be issued in registered form, “book-entry only” form, bearer form or in the form of temporary or permanent global securities and the basis of exchange, transfer and ownership thereof;
-
terms applicable to the gross or net proceeds from the sale of the Subscription Receipts plus any interest earned thereon;
-
certain material Canadian tax consequences of owning the Subscription Receipts; and
-
any other material terms and conditions of the Subscription Receipts.
Units
-41-
The following is a brief summary of certain general terms and provisions of the Units that may be offered pursuant to this Prospectus. This summary does not purport to be complete. The particular terms and provisions of the Units as may be offered pursuant to this Prospectus will be set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement pertaining to such offering of Units, and the extent to which the general terms and provisions described below may apply to such Units will be described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. Units may be offered separately or together with other Securities, as the case may be.
Each applicable Prospectus Supplement will set forth the terms and other information with respect to the Units being offered thereby, which may include, without limitation, the following (where applicable):
-
the number of Units;
-
the price at which the Units will be offered;
-
the designation, number and terms of the Securities comprising the Units;
-
whether the Units will be issued with any other Securities and, if so, the amount and terms of these Securities;
-
terms applicable to the gross or net proceeds from the sale of the Units plus any interest earned thereon;
-
the date on and after which the Securities comprising the Units will be separately transferable;
-
whether the Securities comprising the Units will be listed on any securities exchange;
-
whether such Units or the Securities comprising the Units are to be issued in registered form, “book-entry only” form, bearer form or in the form of temporary or permanent global securities and the basis of exchange, transfer and ownership thereof;
-
any terms, procedures and limitations relating to the transferability, exchange or exercise of the Units;
-
certain material Canadian tax consequences of owning the Units; and
-
any other material terms and conditions of the Units.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
The Company may offer and sell Securities directly to one or more purchasers, through agents, or through underwriters or dealers designated by the Company from time to time. The Company may distribute the Securities from time to time in one or more transactions at fixed prices (which may be changed from time to time), at market prices prevailing at the times of sale, at varying prices determined at the time of sale, at prices related to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices, including in transactions that are deemed to be “at-the-market distributions” as defined in NI 44-102, including sales made directly on the CSE or other existing trading markets for the Securities. A description of such pricing will be disclosed in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. The Company may offer Securities in the same offering, or may offer Securities in separate offerings.
This Prospectus may also, from time to time, relate to the offering of Securities by certain selling securityholders. The selling securityholders may sell all or a portion of the Securities beneficially owned by them and offered thereby from time to time directly or through one or more underwriters, broker-dealers or agents. The Securities may be sold by the selling securityholders in one or more transactions at fixed prices (which may be changed from time to time), at market prices prevailing at the time of the sale, at varying prices determined at the time of sale, at prices related to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices.
A Prospectus Supplement will describe the terms of each specific offering of Securities, including: (i) the terms of the Securities to which the Prospectus Supplement relates, including the type of Security being offered; (ii) the name or names of any agents, underwriters or dealers involved in such offering of Securities; (iii) the name or names of any selling securityholders; (iv) the purchase price of the Securities offered thereby and the proceeds to, and the portion of expenses borne by, the Company from the sale of such Securities; (v) any agents’ commission, underwriting discounts and other items constituting compensation payable to agents, underwriters or dealers; and (vi) any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to agents, underwriters or dealers.
If underwriters are used in an offering, the Securities offered thereby will be acquired by the underwriters for their own account and may be resold from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. The obligations of the underwriters to
-42-
purchase Securities will be subject to the conditions precedent agreed upon by the parties and the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all Securities under that offering if any are purchased. Any public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to agents, underwriters or dealers may be changed from time to time.
The Securities may also be sold: (i) directly by the Company or the selling securityholders at such prices and upon such terms as agreed to; or (ii) through agents designated by the Company or the selling securityholders from time to time. Any agent involved in the offering and sale of the Securities in respect of which this Prospectus is delivered will be named, and any commissions payable by the Company and/or selling securityholder to such agent will be set forth, in the Prospectus Supplement. Unless otherwise indicated in the Prospectus Supplement, any agent is acting on a “best efforts” basis for the period of its appointment.
The Company and/or the selling securityholders may agree to pay the underwriters a commission for various services relating to the issue and sale of any Securities offered under any Prospectus Supplement. Agents, underwriters or dealers who participate in the distribution of the Securities may be entitled under agreements to be entered into with the Company and/or the selling securityholders to indemnification by the Company and/or the selling securityholders against certain liabilities, including liabilities under securities legislation, or to contribution with respect to payments which such underwriters, dealers or agents may be required to make in respect thereof.
Each class or series of Subscription Receipts, Debt Securities, Warrants and Units will be a new issue of Securities with no established trading market. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the Debt Securities, Warrants, Subscription Receipts or Units will not be listed on any securities or stock exchange. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, there is no market through which the Debt Securities, Warrants, Subscription Receipts or Units may be sold and purchasers may not be able to sell the Debt Securities, Warrants, Subscription Receipts or Units purchased under this Prospectus or any Prospectus Supplement. This may affect the pricing of the Debt Securities, Warrants, Subscription Receipts or Units in the secondary market, the transparency and availability of trading prices, the liquidity of the securities, and the extent of issuer regulation. Subject to applicable laws, certain dealers may make a market in the Debt Securities, Warrants, Subscription Receipts or Units, as applicable, but will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. No assurance can be given that any dealer will make a market in the Debt Securities, Warrants, Subscription Receipts or Units or as to the liquidity of the trading market, if any, for the Debt Securities, Warrants, Subscription Receipts or Units.
In connection with any offering of Securities, other than an “at-the-market distribution”, unless otherwise specified in a Prospectus Supplement, underwriters or agents may over-allot or effect transactions which stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the market price of Securities offered at levels other than those which might otherwise prevail on the open market. Such transactions may be commenced, interrupted or discontinued at any time. No underwriter or dealer involved in an “at-the-market distribution”, no affiliate of such an underwriter or dealer and no person or company acting jointly or in concert with such underwriter or dealer, may, in connection with the distribution, enter into any transaction that is intended to stabilize or maintain the market price of the Securities or securities of the same class as the Securities distributed, including selling an aggregate number or principal amount of securities that would result in the underwriter or dealer creating an over-allocation position in the Securities distributed.
The Securities have not been, and will not be, registered under the U.S. Securities Act or the securities laws of any state of the United States and, subject to certain exceptions, may not be offered or sold or otherwise transferred or disposed of, directly or indirectly, in the United States or to or for the account or benefit of U.S. Persons absent registration under the U.S. Securities Act and all applicable state securities laws, or pursuant to applicable exemption therefrom. In addition, until 40 days after closing of an offering of Securities, an offer or sale of the Securities within the United States by any dealer (whether or not participating in such offering) may violate the registration requirement of the U.S. Securities Act if such offer or sale is made other than in accordance with an exemption under the U.S. Securities Act.
EXEMPTIONS
Pursuant to a decision of the Autorité des marchés financiers dated January 12, 2021, the Company was granted a
-43-
permanent exemption from the requirement to translate into French this Prospectus as well as the documents incorporated by reference therein and any Prospectus Supplement to be filed in relation to an “at-the-market” distribution. This exemption is granted on the condition that this Prospectus and any Prospectus Supplement (other than in relation to an “at-the-market” distribution) be translated into French if the Company offers Securities to Québec purchasers in connection with an offering other than in relation to an “at-the-market” distribution.
PRIOR SALES
Information in respect of prior sales of the Subordinate Voting Shares or other Securities distributed under this Prospectus and for securities that are convertible or exchangeable into the Subordinate Voting Shares or such other Securities within the previous 12-month period will be provided, as required, in a Prospectus Supplement with respect to the issuance of the Subordinate Voting Shares or other Securities pursuant to such Prospectus Supplement.
TRADING PRICE AND VOLUME
The Subordinate Voting Shares are currently listed on the CSE under the trading symbol “TRUL”. The 2019 Warrants and the 2019 Notes are currently listed on the CSE under the symbol “TRUL.WT” and “TRUL.DB.U”, respectively. The trading price and volume of the Subordinate Voting Shares, 2019 Warrants and 2019 Notes will be provided, as required, in each Prospectus Supplement.
DIVIDENDS
Trulieve has never paid any dividends on its Subordinate Voting Shares. While Trulieve is not restricted from paying dividends other than pursuant to certain solvency tests prescribed under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia), Trulieve does not intend to pay dividends on any of its Subordinate Voting Shares in the foreseeable future.
CERTAIN CANADIAN FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
Owning any of the Securities may subject holders to tax consequences. The applicable Prospectus Supplement may describe certain Canadian federal income tax consequences to an investor of acquiring, owning and disposing of any of the Securities offered thereunder. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors prior to deciding to purchase any of the Securities.
RISK FACTORS
Before deciding to invest in any Securities, prospective investors of the Securities should consider carefully the risk factors and the other information contained and incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and the applicable Prospectus Supplement relating to a specific offering of Securities before purchasing the Securities, including those risks identified and discussed under the heading “ Risk Factors ” in the Annual Information Form, which is incorporated by reference herein. See “ Documents Incorporated by Reference ”.
Before making an investment decision, prospective purchasers of Securities should carefully consider the information described in this Prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein, including the applicable Prospectus Supplement. Additional risk factors relating to a specific offering of Securities may be described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. Some of the risk factors described herein and in the documents incorporated by reference herein, including the applicable Prospectus Supplement are interrelated and, consequently, investors should treat such risk factors as a whole. If any event arising from these risks occurs, Trulieve’s business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, and the investor’s investment in the Securities could be materially adversely affected. Additional risks and uncertainties of which the Company is currently unaware or that are unknown or that the Company currently deems to be immaterial could have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition and results of operation of the Company. Trulieve cannot assure an investor that Trulieve will successfully address any or all of these risks.
-44-
Prospective investors should carefully consider the risks below and in the Annual Information Form and the other information elsewhere in this Prospectus and the applicable Prospectus Supplement and consult with their professional advisors to assess any investment in the Company.
No Assurance Future Financing Will be Available
Trulieve may need to obtain additional financing in the future. The ability to obtain such additional financing will depend upon a number of factors, including prevailing market conditions and the operating performance of Trulieve. There can be no assurance that any such financing will be available to Trulieve on favourable terms or at all. If financing is available through the sale of debt, equity or capital properties, the terms of such financing may not be favourable to the Company. Failure to raise capital when required could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
Return on Securities is not Guaranteed
There is no guarantee that the Securities will earn any positive return in the short term or long term. A holding of Securities is speculative and involves a high degree of risk and should be undertaken only by holders whose financial resources are sufficient to enable them to assume such risks and who have no need for immediate liquidity in their investment. A holding of Securities is appropriate only for holders who have the capacity to absorb a loss of some or all of their holdings.
Discretion in the Use of Proceeds
Management of the Company will have broad discretion with respect to the application of net proceeds received by the Company from the sale of Securities under this Prospectus or a future Prospectus Supplement and may spend such proceeds in ways that do not improve the Company’s results of operations or enhance the value of the Subordinate Voting Shares or its other securities issued and outstanding from time to time. Any failure by management to apply these funds effectively could result in financial losses that could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business or cause the price of the securities of the Company issued and outstanding from time to time to decline. The Company will not receive any proceeds from any sale of any Securities by the selling securityholders.
Dilution
The Company may sell additional Subordinate Voting Shares or other Securities that are convertible or exchangeable into Subordinate Voting Shares in subsequent offerings or may issue additional Subordinate Voting Shares or other Securities to finance future acquisitions. The Company cannot predict the size or nature of future sales or issuances of securities or the effect, if any, that such future sales and issuances will have on the market price of the Subordinate Voting Shares. Sales or issuances of substantial numbers of Subordinate Voting Shares or other Securities that are convertible or exchangeable into Subordinate Voting Shares, or the perception that such sales or issuances could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market prices of the Subordinate Voting Shares.
As of December 31, 2020, the Company had an aggregate of 596,594.59 Multiple Voting Shares and Super Voting Shares outstanding, which are convertible into an aggregate of 59,659,459 Subordinate Voting Shares. Each Super Voting Share will be automatically converted, without further action by the holder thereof, into Multiple Voting Shares on March 21, 2021. Because the Company is not registering for resale the Subordinate Voting Shares issuable upon conversion of all of the Multiple Voting Shares pursuant to the Registration Statement, the Company is not currently planning to require each holder of Multiple Voting Shares to convert their Multiple Voting Shares into Subordinate Voting Shares.
If all or a substantial portion of the Multiple Voting Shares and Super Voting Shares are converted into Subordinate Voting Shares, the potential for sales of substantial numbers of Subordinate Voting Shares may increase. A decline in the market prices of the Subordinate Voting Shares could impair the Company’s ability to raise additional capital through the sale of securities.
-45-
With any additional sale or issuance of Subordinate Voting Shares or other Securities that are convertible or exchangeable into Subordinate Voting Shares, investors will suffer dilution to their voting power and economic interest in the Company. Furthermore, to the extent holders of the Company’s stock options or other convertible securities convert or exercise their securities and sell the Subordinate Voting Shares they receive, the trading price of the Subordinate Voting Shares on the CSE may decrease due to the additional amount of Subordinate Voting Shares available in the market.
Unpredictability Caused by Anticipated Capital Structure and Voting Control
Although other Canadian-based companies have dual class or multiple voting share structures, given the capital structure contemplated in respect of the Company and the concentration of voting control held by the holders of the Super Voting Shares, this structure and control could result in a lower trading price for, or greater fluctuations in, the trading price of the Subordinate Voting Shares or adverse publicity to the Company or other adverse consequences.
Sales of Substantial Amounts of Subordinate Voting Shares
Sales of substantial amounts of Subordinate Voting Shares, or the availability of such securities for sale, could adversely affect the prevailing market prices for the Subordinate Voting Shares. A decline in the market prices of the Subordinate Voting Shares could impair the Company’s ability to raise additional capital through the sale of securities.
Volatile Market Price of the Subordinate Voting Shares
The market price for the Subordinate Voting Shares may be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to numerous factors, many of which will be beyond the Company’s control, including, but not limited to, the following: (i) actual or anticipated fluctuations in the Company’s quarterly results of operations; (ii) recommendations by securities research analysts; (iii) changes in the economic performance or market valuations of companies in the cannabis industry; (iv) additions or departures of the Company’s executive officers and other key personnel; (v) release or expiration of transfer restrictions on the issued and outstanding shares of the Company; (vi) regulatory changes affecting the cannabis industry generally and the business and operations of the Company; (vii) announcements by the Company or its competitors of developments and other material events; (viii) fluctuations in the costs of vital production materials and services; (ix) changes in global financial markets and global economies and general market conditions, such as interest rates and pharmaceutical product price volatility; (x) significant acquisitions or business combinations, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by or involving the Company or its competitors; (xi) operating and share price performance of other companies that investors deem comparable to the Company or from a lack of market comparable companies; (xii) false or negative reports issued by individuals or companies who have taken aggressive short sale positions; and (xiii) news reports relating to trends, concerns, technological or competitive developments, regulatory changes and other related issues in the Company’s industry or target markets.
Financial markets have experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that have affected the market prices of equity securities of companies and that have often been unrelated to the operating performance, underlying asset values or prospects of those companies. Accordingly, the market price of the Subordinate Voting Shares may decline even if the Company’s operating results, underlying asset values or prospects have not changed.
These factors, as well as other related factors, may cause decreases in asset values that are deemed to be other than temporary, which may result in impairment losses. There can be no assurance that continuing fluctuations in price and volume will not occur. If such increased levels of volatility and market turmoil continue, the Company’s operations could be adversely impacted, and the trading price of the Subordinate Voting Shares could be materially adversely affected.
Liquidity
Shareholders of the Company may be unable to sell significant quantities of Subordinate Voting Shares into the public trading markets without a significant reduction in the price of their Subordinate Voting Shares, or at all.
-46-
There can be no assurance that there will be sufficient liquidity of the Subordinate Voting Shares on the trading market, and that the Company will continue to meet the listing requirements of the CSE or achieve listing on any other public listing exchange.
There is currently no market through which the Securities, other than the Subordinate Voting Shares, 2019 Warrants and 2019 Notes, may be sold and, unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, none of the Debt Securities, Warrants, Subscription Receipts or Units will be listed on any securities or stock exchange or any automated dealer quotation system. As a consequence, purchasers may not be able to resell the Debt Securities, Warrants, Subscription Receipts or Units purchased under this Prospectus or any Prospectus Supplement. This may affect the pricing of the Securities, other than the Subordinate Voting Shares, in the secondary market, the transparency and availability of trading prices, the liquidity of these securities and the extent of issuer regulation. There can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Securities, other than the Subordinate Voting Shares, will develop or, if developed, that any such market, including for the Subordinate Voting Shares, will be sustained.
Forward-Looking Information May Prove to be Inaccurate
Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking information. By its nature, forward-looking information involves numerous assumptions, known and unknown risks and uncertainties, of both a general and specific nature, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those suggested by the forward-looking information or contribute to the possibility that predictions, forecasts or projections will prove to be materially inaccurate. Additional information on the risks, assumptions and uncertainties are found in this Prospectus and in certain of the documents incorporated by reference herein under the heading “Forward-Looking Information”.
Settlement by Securityholders Resident in the United States
Given the heightened risk profile associated with cannabis in the United States, capital markets participants may be unwilling to assist with the settlement of trades for U.S. resident securityholders of companies with operations in the United States cannabis industry which may prohibit or significantly impair the ability of securityholders in the United States to trade the Securities or any Subordinate Voting Shares issuable upon conversion or exercise thereof. In the event residents of the United States are unable to settle trades of the Securities or any Subordinate Voting Shares issuable upon conversion or exercise thereof, this may affect the pricing of the Securities (and the Subordinate Voting Shares) in the secondary market, the transparency and availability of trading prices and the liquidity of these securities.
Cannabis is Illegal under Federal United States Law
In the United States, cannabis is largely regulated at the state level. Each State in which the Company operates (or is proposing to operate) authorizes, as applicable, medical and/or adult-use cannabis production and distribution by licensed or registered entities, and numerous other states have legalized cannabis in some form. However, under U.S. federal law, the possession, use, cultivation, and transfer of cannabis and any related drug paraphernalia is illegal, and any such acts are criminalized under the CSA. Cannabis is a Schedule I controlled substance under the CSA, and is thereby deemed to have a high potential for abuse, no accepted medical use in the United States, and a lack of safety for use under medical supervision. The concepts of “medical cannabis,” “retail cannabis” and “adultuse cannabis” do not exist under U.S. federal law. Although the Company believes that its business activities are compliant with applicable state and local laws, it would not provide a defense to any federal proceeding which may be brought against the Company. Any such proceedings may result in a material adverse effect on the Company. Trulieve derives 100% of its revenues from the cannabis industry. The enforcement of relevant laws poses a significant risk to the company.
Violations of any United States federal laws and regulations could result in significant fines, penalties, administrative sanctions or settlements arising from civil proceedings conducted by either the United States federal government or private citizens. The Company may also be subject to criminal charges, including, but not limited to, disgorgement of profits, cessation of business activities or divestiture. Any of these penalties could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s reputation and ability to conduct business, its holding (directly or indirectly) of medical and adult-use cannabis licenses in the United States, its financial position, operating results, profitability or
-47-
liquidity or the market price of its publicly-traded shares. In addition, it is difficult for the Company to estimate the time or resources that would be needed for the investigation, settlement or trial of any such proceedings or charges, and such time or resources could be substantial.
United States Regulatory Uncertainty
The activities of the Company are subject to regulation by various state and local governmental authorities. The Company’s business objectives are contingent upon, in part, compliance with regulatory requirements enacted by these governmental authorities and obtaining all regulatory approvals, where necessary, for the sale of its products in each jurisdiction in which it operates. Any delays in obtaining, or failure to obtain necessary regulatory approvals would significantly delay the development of markets and products and could have a material adverse effect on the business, results of operations and financial condition of the Company. Furthermore, although the Company believes its operations are currently carried out in accordance with all applicable state and local rules and regulations, no assurance can be given that new rules and regulations will not be enacted or that existing rules and regulations will not be applied in a manner that could limit or curtail the Company’s ability to distribute or produce marijuana. Amendments to current laws and regulations governing the importation, distribution, transportation and/or production of marijuana, or more stringent implementation thereof could have a substantial adverse impact on the Company.
Anti-Money Laundering Laws and Access to Banking
In February 2014, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“ FinCEN ”) bureau of the United States Treasury Department issued guidance (which is not law) with respect to financial institutions providing banking services to cannabis businesses, including burdensome due diligence expectations and reporting requirements. While the guidance advised prosecutors not to focus their enforcement efforts on banks and other financial institutions that serve marijuana-related businesses, so long as they meet certain conditions, this guidance does not provide any safe harbors or legal defenses from examination or regulatory or criminal enforcement actions by the DOJ, FinCEN or other federal regulators. Because of this and the fact that the guidance may be amended or revoked at any time, most banks and other financial institutions do not appear to be comfortable providing banking services to cannabis-related businesses. In addition to the foregoing, banks may refuse to process debit card payments and credit card companies generally refuse to process credit card payments for cannabis-related businesses. As a result, the Company may have limited or no access to banking or other financial services in the United States, and may have to operate the Company’s United States business on an all-cash basis. If the Company is unable or limited in its ability to open or maintain bank accounts, obtain other banking services and/or accept credit card and debit card payments, it may be more difficult for the Company to operate and conduct its business as planned. Although, the Company is actively pursuing alternatives that ensure its operations will continue to be compliant with the FinCEN guidance (including requirements related to disclosures about cash management and U.S. federal tax reporting), the Company may not be able to meet all applicable requirements.
The Company is also subject to a variety of laws and regulations in the United States that involve money laundering, financial recordkeeping and proceeds of crime, including the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970 (commonly known as the Bank Secrecy Act), as amended by Title III of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA PATRIOT Act), and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by governmental authorities in the United States.
In the event that any of the Company’s operations or related activities in the United States were found to be in violation of money laundering legislation or otherwise, those transactions could be viewed as proceeds of crime under one or more of the statutes noted above or any other applicable legislation. This could restrict or otherwise jeopardize the ability of the Company to declare or pay dividends or effect other distributions.
Re-Classification of Cannabis or Changes in United States Controlled Substance Laws and Regulations
If cannabis is re-classified as a Schedule II or lower controlled substance, the ability to conduct research on the medical benefits of cannabis would most likely be more accessible; however, if cannabis is re-classified as a
-48-
Schedule II or lower controlled substance, the resulting re-classification would result in the need for approval by the FDA if medical claims are made about the Company’s products. As a result of such a re-classification, the manufacture, importation, exportation, domestic distribution, storage, sale and use of such products could become subject to a significant degree of regulation by the DEA. In that case, the Company may be required to be registered to perform these activities and have the security, control, recordkeeping, reporting and inventory mechanisms required by the DEA to prevent drug loss and diversion. Obtaining the necessary registrations may result in delay of the manufacturing or distribution of the Company’s products. The DEA conducts periodic inspections of registered establishments that handle controlled substances. Failure to maintain compliance could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations. The DEA may seek civil penalties, refuse to renew necessary registrations, or initiate proceedings to restrict, suspend or revoke those registrations. In certain circumstances, violations could lead to criminal proceedings .
Potential FDA Regulation
Should the United States federal government legalize cannabis, it is possible that the FDA, would seek to regulate it under the Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act of 1938. Additionally, the FDA may issue rules and regulations including good manufacturing practices related to the growth, cultivation, harvesting and processing of medical cannabis. Clinical trials may be needed to verify the efficacy and safety of the Company’s medical cannabis products. It is also possible that the FDA would require that facilities where medical-use cannabis is grown register with the agency and comply with certain federally prescribed regulations. In the event that some or all of these regulations are imposed, the impact on the cannabis industry is uncertain, and could include the imposition of new costs, requirements, and prohibitions. If the Company is unable to comply with the regulations or registration as prescribed by the FDA it may have an adverse effect on the Company’s business, operating results, and financial condition .
United States Border Entry
Because cannabis remains illegal under United States federal law, those investing in Canadian companies with operations in the U.S. cannabis industry could face detention, denial of entry or lifetime bans from the United States as a result of their business associations with United States cannabis businesses. Entry into the United States happens at the sole discretion of CBP officers on duty, and these officers have wide latitude to ask questions to determine the admissibility of a non-U.S. citizen or foreign national. The government of Canada has started warning travelers on its website that previous use of cannabis, or any substance prohibited by U.S. federal law, could mean denial of entry to the United States. Business or financial involvement in the cannabis industry in the United States could also be reason enough for denial of entry into the United States. On September 21, 2018, the CBP released a statement outlining its current position with respect to enforcement of the laws of the United States. It stated that Canada’s legalization of cannabis will not change CBP enforcement of U.S. laws regarding controlled substances. According to the statement, because cannabis continues to be a controlled substance under U.S. law, working in or facilitating the proliferation of the legal marijuana industry in U.S. states where it is legal under state law may affect admissibility to the United States. On October 9, 2018, the CBP released an additional statement regarding the admissibility of Canadian citizens working in the legal cannabis industry in Canada. The CBP stated that a Canadian citizen working in or facilitating the proliferation of the legal cannabis industry in Canada who seeks entry into the United States for reasons unrelated to the cannabis industry will generally be admissible to the United States; however, if such person is found to be coming into the United States for reasons related to the cannabis industry, such person may be deemed inadmissible. As a result, the CBP has affirmed that, employees, directors, officers, managers and investors of companies involved in business activities related to cannabis in the United States (such as the Company), who are not U.S. citizens face the risk of being barred from entry into the United States for life.
Heightened Scrutiny of Cannabis Companies in Canada and the United States
The Company’s existing operations in the United States, and any future operations, may become the subject of heightened scrutiny by regulators, stock exchanges and other authorities in the United States and Canada.
Given the heightened risk profile associated with cannabis in the United States, CDS may implement procedures or protocols that would prohibit or significantly impair the ability of CDS to settle trades for companies that have cannabis businesses or assets in the United States.
-49-
On February 8, 2018, following discussions with the Canadian Securities Administrators and recognized Canadian securities exchanges, the TMX Group, the parent company of CDS, announced the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (“ TMX MOU ”) with Aequitas NEO Exchange Inc., the CSE, the Toronto Stock Exchange, and the TSX Venture Exchange. The TMX MOU outlines the parties’ understanding of Canada’s regulatory framework applicable to the rules, procedures, and regulatory oversight of the exchanges and CDS as it relates to issuers with cannabis-related activities in the United States. The TMX MOU confirms, with respect to the clearing of listed securities, that CDS relies on the exchanges to review the conduct of listed issuers. As a result, there is no CDS ban on the clearing of securities of issuers with cannabis-related activities in the United States. However, there can be no assurances given that this approach to regulation will continue in the future. If such a ban were to be implemented, it would have a material adverse effect on the ability of holders of the Subordinate Voting Shares to settle trades. In particular, the Subordinate Voting Shares would become highly illiquid as until an alternative was implemented, investors would have no ability to effect a trade of the Subordinate Voting Shares through the facilities of a stock exchange.
The Company expects to incur significant ongoing costs and obligations related to its investment in infrastructure, growth, regulatory compliance and operations
The Company expects to incur significant ongoing costs and obligations related to its investment in infrastructure and growth and for regulatory compliance, which could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. In addition, future changes in regulations, more vigorous enforcement thereof or other unanticipated events could require extensive changes to the Company’s operations, increase compliance costs or give rise to material liabilities, which could have a material adverse effect on the business, results of operations and financial condition of the Company. The Company’s efforts to grow its business may be more costly than expected, and the Company may not be able to increase its revenue enough to offset these higher operating expenses. The Company may incur significant losses in the future for a number of reasons, including unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications and delays, and other unknown events. If the Company is unable to achieve and sustain profitability, the market price of the securities of the Company may significantly decrease.
Availability of Favourable Locations
In Massachusetts and other states, the local municipality has authority to choose where any cannabis establishment will be located. These authorized areas are frequently removed from other retail operations. Because the cannabis industry remains illegal under U.S. federal law, the disadvantaged tax status of businesses deriving their income from cannabis, and the reluctance of the banking industry to support cannabis businesses, it may be difficult for Trulieve to locate and obtain the rights to operate at various preferred locations. Property owners may violate their mortgages by leasing to the Company, and those property owners that are willing to allow use of their facilities may require payment of above fair market value rents to reflect the scarcity of such locations and the risks and costs of providing such facilities.
Unfavorable Tax Treatment of Cannabis Businesses
Under Section 280E (“ Section 280E ”) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code (the “ Code ”), “no deduction or credit shall be allowed for any amount paid or incurred during the taxable year in carrying on any trade or business if such trade or business (or the activities which comprise such trade or business) consists of trafficking in controlled substances (within the meaning of schedule I and II of the Controlled Substances Act) which is prohibited by Federal law or the law of any state in which such trade or business is conducted.” This provision has been applied by the United States Internal Revenue Service (the “ IRS ”) to cannabis operations, prohibiting them from deducting expenses directly associated with cannabis businesses. Section 280E may have a lesser impact on cannabis cultivation and manufacturing operations than on sales operations. Section 280E and related IRS enforcement activity has had a significant impact on the retail operations of cannabis companies. As a result, an otherwise profitable business may, in fact, operate at a loss, after taking into account its United States income tax expenses.
-50-
United States Tax Classification of the Company
The Company is a Canadian corporation and, as a result, would generally be classified as a non-United States corporation under the general rules of U.S. federal income taxation. Section 7874 of the Code, however, contains rules that can cause a non-U.S. corporation to be taxed as a United States corporation for United States federal income tax purposes. Under Section 7874 of the Code, a corporation created or organized outside of the United States will nevertheless be treated as a United States corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which is referred to as an inversion, if each of the following three conditions are met: (i) the non-United States corporation acquires, directly or indirectly, or is treated as acquiring under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations, substantially all of the assets held, directly or indirectly, by a United States corporation, (ii) after the acquisition, the former stockholders of the acquired United States corporation hold at least 80% (by vote or value) of the shares of the nonUnited States corporation by reason of holding shares of the acquired United States corporation, and (iii) after the acquisition, the non-United States corporation’s expanded affiliated group does not have substantial business activities in the non-United States corporation’s country of organization or incorporation when compared to the expanded affiliated group’s total business activities
Pursuant to Section 7874 of the Code, the Company is classified as a United States corporation for United States federal income tax purposes and is subject to United States federal income tax on its worldwide income. Regardless of any application of Section 7874 of the Code, however, the Company expects to be treated as a Canadian resident company for purposes of the Income Tax Act (Canada), as amended. As a result, the Company will be subject to taxation both in Canada and the United States which could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition and results of operations.
Lack of Access to United States Bankruptcy Protections
Because cannabis is a Schedule I controlled substance under the CSA, many courts have denied cannabis businesses federal bankruptcy protections, making it difficult for lenders to be made whole on their investments in the cannabis industry in the event of a bankruptcy. If the Company were to experience a bankruptcy, there is no guarantee that United States federal bankruptcy protections would be available to the Company, which would have a material adverse effect on the Company and may make it more difficult for us to obtain debt financing.
The Company is a Holding Company
Trulieve Cannabis Corp. is a holding company and essentially all of its assets are the capital stock of its subsidiaries. The Company currently conducts substantially all of its business through Trulieve US, which currently generates substantially all of the Company’s revenues. Consequently, the Company’s cash flows and ability to complete current or desirable future growth opportunities are dependent on the earnings of Trulieve US and the other subsidiaries of the Company and the distribution of those earnings to Trulieve Cannabis Corp. The ability of Trulieve US and the other subsidiaries of the Company to pay dividends and other distributions will depend on those subsidiaries’ operating results and will be subject to applicable laws and regulations that require that solvency and capital standards be maintained by a subsidiary company and contractual restrictions contained in the instruments governing any current or future indebtedness of the Company’s subsidiaries. In the event of a bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization of Trulieve US or another of the Company’s subsidiaries, holders of indebtedness and trade creditors of that subsidiary may be entitled to payment of their claims from that subsidiary’s assets before Trulieve Cannabis Corp or its shareholders would be entitled to any payment or residual assets.
Inability to Enforce Contracts
It is a fundamental principle of law that a contract will not be enforced if it involves a violation of law or public policy. Because cannabis remains illegal at a federal level in the United States, judges in multiple states have on a number of occasions refused to enforce contracts for the repayment of money when the loan was used in connection with activities that violate U.S. federal law, even if there is no violation of state law. There remains doubt and uncertainty that the Company will be able to legally enforce its contracts. If the Company is unable to realize the benefits of or otherwise enforce its contracts, it could have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
-51-
A U.S. court may not enforce a security interest against collateral.
Because the Company’s business involves cannabis and other activities that are not legal under U.S. federal law and in some jurisdictions, investors may have difficulty with getting a U.S. court to enforce against a security interest in any collateral, as such enforcement may be deemed aiding and abetting a criminal activity.
Competition
The Company faces competition from companies that may have greater capitalization, access to public equity markets, more experienced management or more maturity as a business. The vast majority of both manufacturing and retail competitors in the cannabis market consists of localized businesses (those doing business in a single state), although there are a few multistate operators with which the Company competes directly. Aside from this direct competition, out-of-state operators that are capitalized well enough to enter markets through acquisitive growth are also part of the competitive landscape. Similarly, as the Company executes its growth strategy, operators in its future state markets will inevitably become direct competitors. The Company is likely to continue to face increasing and intense competition from these companies. Increased competition by larger and better financed competitors could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
If the number of users of adult-use and medical marijuana in the United States increases, the demand for products will increase. Consequently, the Company expects that competition will become more intense as current and future competitors begin to offer an increasing number of diversified products to respond to such increased demand. To remain competitive, the Company will require a continued level of investment in research and development, marketing, sales and client support efforts to remain competitive. The Company may not have sufficient resources to maintain sufficient levels of investment in research and development, marketing, sales and client support efforts to remain competitive, which could materially and adversely affect the business, financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
The cannabis industry is undergoing rapid growth and substantial change, which has resulted in an increase in competitors, consolidation and formation of strategic relationships. Acquisitions or other consolidating transactions could harm the Company in a number of ways, including losing customers, revenue and market share, or forcing the Company to expend greater resources to meet new or additional competitive threats, all of which could harm the Company’s operating results. As competitors enter the market and become increasingly sophisticated, competition in the Company’s industry may intensify and place downward pressure on retail prices for its products and services, which could negatively impact its profitability.
Limitations on ownership of licenses
In certain states, the cannabis laws and regulations limit not only the number of cannabis licenses issued, but also the number of cannabis licenses that one person or entity may own in that state. For example, in Massachusetts, no person or entity may have an ownership interest in, or control over, more than three medical licenses or three adultuse licenses in any category, which includes cultivation, product manufacturing, transport or retail. Such limitations on the acquisition of ownership of additional licenses within certain states may limit the Company’s ability to grow organically or to increase its market share in affected states.
The Cannabis Industry is Difficult to Forecast
Because U.S. federal and state laws prevent widespread participation in and otherwise hinder market research in the medical and adult-use cannabis industry, the third-party market data available to the Company is limited and unreliable. Accordingly, the Company must rely largely on its own market research to forecast sales as detailed forecasts are not generally obtainable from other sources at this early stage of the cannabis industry. The Company’s market research and projections of estimated total retail sales, demographics, demand and similar consumer research, are based on assumptions from limited and unreliable market data, and generally represent the personal opinions of the Company’s management team as of the date of this Prospectus. A failure in the demand for its products to materialize as a result of competition, technological change or other factors could have a material
-52-
adverse effect on the business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects of the Company.
Voting Control
As a result of the Super Voting Shares of the Company that they hold, the Founders (as such term is defined in the Prospectus) exercise a significant majority of the voting power in respect of the Company’s outstanding shares. The Subordinate Voting Shares are entitled to one vote per share, Multiple Voting Shares are entitled to 100 votes per share, and the Super Voting Shares are entitled to up to 200 votes per share. As a result, the holders of the Super Voting Shares have the ability to control the outcome of all matters submitted to the Company’s shareholders for approval, including the election and removal of directors and any arrangement or sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company.
This concentrated control could delay, defer, or prevent a change of control of the Company, arrangement or amalgamation involving the Company or sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company that its other shareholders support. Conversely, this concentrated control could allow the holders of the Super Voting Shares to consummate such a transaction that the Company’s other shareholders do not support.
COVID-19 Pandemic
The global outbreak of COVID-19, has resulted in governments worldwide enacting emergency measures to combat the spread of the virus. These measures, which include the implementation of travel bans, self-imposed quarantine periods and social distancing, have caused material disruption to businesses globally resulting in an economic slowdown. Global equity markets have experienced significant volatility and weakness. Governments and central banks have reacted with significant monetary and fiscal interventions designed to stabilize economic conditions. The duration and impact of the COVID-19 outbreak is unknown at this time, as is the efficacy of the government and central bank interventions. It is not possible to reliably estimate the length and severity of these developments and the impact on the financial results and condition of the Company in future periods. Thus far, the COVID-19 pandemic has not had a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Nonetheless, the business of the Company could be materially and adversely affected by the risks, or the public perception of the risks, related to the continuing COVID-19 pandemic. The risk of a pandemic, or public perception of such a risk, could cause customers to avoid public places, including retail properties, and could cause temporary or long-term disruptions in the Company’s supply chains and/or delays in the delivery of its products. These risks could also adversely affect the Company’s customers’ financial condition, resulting in reduced spending for the products the Company sells. Moreover, any epidemic, pandemic, outbreak or other public health crisis, including COVID-19, could cause the Company’s employees to avoid the Company’s properties, which could adversely affect the ability of the Company to adequately staff and manage the businesses of the Company. “Shelter-in-place” or other such orders by governmental entities could also disrupt the Company’s operations if the employees of the Company who cannot perform their responsibilities from home are not able to report to work. Risks related to an epidemic, pandemic or other health crisis, such as COVID-19, could also lead to the complete or partial closure of one or more of the Company’s stores or other facilities. Although the medical dispensaries of the Company in Florida and Connecticut have been considered essential services and therefore have been allowed to remain operational, the adult-use operations of the Company may not be allowed to remain open during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The ultimate extent of the impact of any epidemic, pandemic or other health crisis on the business, financial condition and results of operations of the Company will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information that may emerge concerning the severity of such epidemic, pandemic or other health crisis and actions taken to contain or prevent its further spread, among others. These and other potential impacts of an epidemic, pandemic or other health crisis, such as COVID-19, could therefore materially and adversely affect the business, financial condition, growth strategies and results of operations of the Company.
-53-
Agricultural Risks
The Company’s business involves the growing of marijuana, an agricultural product. Such business will be subject to the risks inherent in the agricultural business, such as insects, plant diseases and similar agricultural risks. Although much of the Company’s growing is expected to be completed indoors, there can be no assurance that natural elements will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s future production.
Security Risks
Given the nature of the Company’s products and its limited legal availability, the Company is at significant risk of theft at its facilities. A security breach at one of the Company’s facilities could expose the Company to additional liability and to potentially costly litigation, increase expenses relating to the resolution and future prevention of these breaches and may deter potential patients from choosing the Company’s products.
In addition, the Company collects and stores personal information about its patients and is responsible for protecting that information from privacy breaches. The Company stores certain personally identifiable information, credit and debit card information and other confidential information of the Company’s customers on Trulieve’s systems and applications. Though the Company maintains robust, proprietary security protocols, the Company may experience attempts by third parties to obtain unauthorized access to the personally identifiable information and other confidential information of the Company’s customers. This information could also be otherwise exposed through human error or malfeasance. The unauthorized access or compromise of this personally identifiable information, credit and debit card information and other confidential information could have a material adverse impact on the business, financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
A privacy breach may occur through procedural or process failure, information technology malfunction or deliberate unauthorized intrusions. Theft of data for competitive purposes, particularly patient lists and preferences, is an ongoing risk whether perpetrated via employee collusion or negligence or through deliberate cyber-attack. Any such theft or privacy breach would have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
The Company’s operations depend and will depend, in part, on how well the Company protects its networks, equipment, information technology (“ IT ”), systems and software against damage from a number of threats, including, natural disasters, intentional damage and destruction, fire, power loss, hacking, computer viruses, vandalism and theft. The Company’s operations also depend and will continue to depend on the timely maintenance, upgrade and replacement of networks, equipment, IT systems and software, as well as pre-emptive expenses to mitigate the risks of failures. Any of these and other events could result in information system failures, delays and/or increase in capital expenses. The failure of information systems or a component of information systems could, depending on the nature of any such failure, adversely impact the Company’s reputation and results of operations.
Future Acquisitions or Dispositions Bear Inherent Risks
Material acquisitions, dispositions and other strategic transactions involve a number of risks, including: (i) potential disruption of the Company’s ongoing business; (ii) distraction of management; (iii) the Company may become more financially leveraged; (iv) the anticipated benefits and cost savings of those transactions may not be realized fully or at all or may take longer to realize than expected; (v) increased scope and complexity of the Company’s operations; and (vi) loss or reduction of control over certain of the Company’s assets. Additionally, the Company may issue additional Subordinate Voting Shares in connection with such transactions, which would dilute a shareholder’s holdings in the Company. The presence of one or more material liabilities of an acquired company that are unknown to the Company at the time of acquisition could have a material adverse effect on the business, results of operations, prospects and financial condition of the Company. A strategic transaction may result in a significant change in the nature of the Company’s business, operations and strategy. In addition, the Company may encounter unforeseen obstacles or costs in implementing a strategic transaction or integrating any acquired business into the Company’s operations.
-54-
Intellectual Property Risks
As long as cannabis remains illegal under U.S. federal law as a Schedule I controlled substance pursuant to the CSA, the benefit of certain federal laws and protections which may be available to most businesses, such as federal trademark and patent protection, may not be available to the Company. As a result, the Company’s intellectual property may never be adequately or sufficiently protected against the use or misappropriation by a third party. In addition, since the regulatory framework of the cannabis industry is in a constant state of flux, the Company can provide no assurance that it will ever obtain any protection of its intellectual property, whether on a federal, state or local level.
Risk of Civil Asset Forfeiture
Because the cannabis industry remains illegal under United states federal law, any property owned by participants in the cannabis industry that is either used in the course of conducting or comprises the proceeds of a cannabis business could be subject to seizure by law enforcement and subsequent civil asset forfeiture. Even if the owner of the property were never charged with a crime, the property in question could still be seized and subject to an administrative proceeding by which, with minimal due process, it could become subject to forfeiture.
Dependence on Personnel
The Company will depend on key managerial personnel, including Kim Rivers, the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer, for its continued success, and the Company’s anticipated growth may require additional expertise and the addition of new qualified personnel. Qualified individuals within the cannabis industry are in high demand and the Company may incur significant costs to attract and retain qualified management personnel, or be unable to attract or retain personnel necessary to operate or expand the Company’s business. The loss of the services of existing personnel, or the failure to recruit additional key managerial personnel in a timely manner, or at all, could harm the Company’s business development programs, and the Company’s ability to manage day-to-day operations, attract collaboration partners, attract and retain other employees, generate revenues, and could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations .
Greater Risk of Audits
Based on anecdotal information, the Company believes there is a greater likelihood that the Internal Revenue Service will audit cannabis-related businesses, including the Company. Any such audit could result in the Company paying additional tax, interest and penalties, as well as incremental accounting and legal expenses.
Dividends
It is unlikely that the Company will pay any dividends on the Subordinate Voting Shares in the foreseeable future. However, dividends received by shareholders who are residents of Canada for purpose of the Tax Act will be subject to United States withholding tax. Any such dividends may not qualify for a reduced rate of withholding tax under the Canada-United States tax treaty. In addition, a foreign tax credit or a deduction in respect of foreign taxes may not be available.
Dividends received by United States shareholders will not be subject to United States withholding tax but will be subject to Canadian withholding tax. Dividends paid by the Company will be characterized as United States source income for purposes of the foreign tax credit rules under the Code. Accordingly, United States shareholders generally will not be able to claim a credit for any Canadian tax withheld unless, depending on the circumstances, they have an excess foreign tax credit limitation due to other foreign source income that is subject to a low or zero rate of foreign tax.
Dividends received by shareholders that are neither Canadian nor United States shareholders will be subject to United States withholding tax and will also be subject to Canadian withholding tax. These dividends may not qualify for a reduced rate of United States withholding tax under any income tax treaty otherwise applicable to a shareholder of the Company, subject to examination of the relevant treaty.
-55-
Because the Subordinate Voting Shares will be treated as shares of a United States domestic corporation, the United States gift, estate and generation-skipping transfer tax rules generally apply to a non-United States shareholder of Subordinate Voting Shares.
Liability Claims
As a distributor of products designed to be ingested by humans, the Company faces an inherent risk of exposure to product liability claims, regulatory action and litigation if its products are alleged to have caused significant loss or injury. The Company may be subject to various product liability claims, including, among others, that the Company’s products caused injury or illness, include inadequate instructions for use or include inadequate warnings concerning possible side effects or interactions with other substances. A product liability claim or regulatory action against the Company, whether or not successful, could result in increased costs, could adversely affect the Company’s reputation with its clients and consumers generally, and could have a material adverse effect on the results of operations and financial condition of the Company.
The Company may become party to litigation from time to time in the ordinary course of business which could adversely affect its business. Should any litigation in which we become involved be determined against the Company, such a decision could adversely affect the ability of the Company to continue operating and the market price for the Subordinate Voting Shares. Even if the Company achieves a successful result in any litigation in which it is involved, the costs of litigation and redirection of the Company’s management’s time and attention could have an adverse effect on the results of operations and financial condition of the Company.
Consumer Perception
The Company believes the medical marijuana industry is highly dependent upon consumer perception regarding the safety, efficacy and quality of medical marijuana distributed to those consumers. Consumer perception of the Company’s products may be significantly influenced by scientific research or findings, regulatory investigations, litigation, media attention and other publicity regarding the consumption of medical marijuana products. There can be no assurance that future scientific research, findings, regulatory proceedings, litigation, media attention or other research findings or publicity will be favourable to the medical marijuana market or any particular product, or consistent with earlier publicity. Future research reports, findings, regulatory proceedings, litigation, media attention or other publicity that are perceived as less favourable than, or that question, earlier research reports, findings or publicity could have a material adverse effect on the demand for the Company’s products and the business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Product Recalls
Manufacturers and distributors of products are sometimes subject to the recall or return of their products for a variety of reasons, including product defects, such as contamination, unintended harmful side effects or interactions with other substances, packaging safety and inadequate or inaccurate labelling disclosure. If any of the Company’s products are recalled due to an alleged product defect or for any other reason, the Company could be required to incur the unexpected expense of the recall and any legal proceedings that might arise in connection with the recall. The Company may lose a significant amount of sales and may not be able to replace those sales at an acceptable margin or at all. In addition, a product recall may require significant management attention. Although the Company has detailed procedures in place for testing its products, there can be no assurance that any quality, potency or contamination problems will be detected in time to avoid unforeseen product recalls, regulatory action or lawsuits. Additionally, if one of the Company significant brands were subject to recall, the image of that brand and the Company could be harmed. A recall for any of the foregoing reasons could lead to decreased demand for the Company’s products and could have a material adverse effect on the results of operations and financial condition of the Company. Additionally, product recalls may lead to increased scrutiny of the Company’s operations by Health Canada or other regulatory agencies, requiring further management attention and potential legal fees and other expenses.
-56-
Litigation
As a distributor of products designed to be ingested by humans, the Company faces an inherent risk of exposure to product liability claims, regulatory action and litigation if its products cause or are alleged to have caused significant loss or injury. The Company may be subject to various product liability claims, including, among others, that its products caused injury or illness, include inadequate instructions for use or include inadequate warnings concerning possible side effects or interactions with other substances. A product liability claim or regulatory action against the Company, whether or not successful, could result in materially increased costs, adversely affect the Company’s reputation with its clients and consumers generally, and have a material adverse effect on the results of operations and financial condition of the Company.
The Company may become party to litigation from time to time in the ordinary course of business which could adversely affect its business. Should any litigation in which the Company becomes involved be determined against the Company, such a decision could adversely affect the Company’s ability to continue operating and the market price for the Subordinate Voting Shares and other securities of the Company. Even if the Company is involved in litigation and wins, litigation can redirect significant company resources.
Management of Growth
The Company may be subject to growth-related risks, including capacity constraints and pressure on its internal systems and controls. The ability of the Company to manage growth effectively will require it to continue to implement and improve its operational and financial systems and to expand, train and manage its employee base. The inability of the Company to successfully manage growth may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects.
Increased Costs as a Result of Being a U.S. Reporting Company
As a public issuer, the Company is subject to the reporting requirements and rules and regulations under the applicable Canadian securities laws and rules of any stock exchange on which the Company’s securities may be listed from time to time. In addition, following the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, the Company will become subject to the reporting requirements of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder. Additional or new regulatory requirements may be adopted in the future. The requirements of existing and potential future rules and regulations will increase the Company’s legal, accounting and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly and may also place undue strain on its personnel, systems and resources, which could adversely affect its business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Conflicts of Interest
Certain of the directors and officers of the Company are, or may become directors and officers of other companies, and conflicts of interest may arise between their duties as directors and officers of the Company and as directors and officers of such other companies.
Insurance Coverage
The Company has obtained insurance coverage with respect to workers’ compensation, general liability, directors’ and officers’ liability, fire and other similar policies customarily obtained for businesses to the extent commercially appropriate; however, because the Company is engaged in and operates within the cannabis industry, there are exclusions and additional difficulties and complexities associated with such insurance coverage that could cause the Company to suffer uninsured losses, which could adversely affect the Company’s business, results of operations, and profitability. There is no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain insurance coverage at a reasonable cost or fully utilize such insurance coverage, if necessary.
-57-
Reliance on Key Utility Services
The Company’s business is dependent on a number of key inputs and their related costs including raw materials and supplies related to its growing operations, as well as electricity, water and other local utilities. The Company’s cannabis growing operations consume and will continue to consume considerable energy, which makes the Company vulnerable to rising energy costs. Accordingly, rising or volatile energy costs may, in the future, adversely impact the Company’s business and the Company’s ability to operate profitably. Additionally, any significant interruption or negative change in the availability or economics of the supply chain for key inputs could materially impact the business, financial condition and operating results of the Company. Any inability to secure required supplies and services or to do so on appropriate terms could have a materially adverse impact on the business, financial condition and operating results of the Company.
Difficulty in Enforcing Judgments and Effecting Service of Process on Directors and Officers
The directors and officers of the Company reside outside of Canada. Some or all of the assets of such persons may be located outside of Canada. Therefore, it may not be possible for the shareholders of the Company to collect or to enforce judgments obtained in Canadian courts predicated upon the civil liability provisions of applicable Canadian securities laws against such persons. Moreover, it may not be possible for the shareholders of the Company shareholders to effect service of process within Canada upon such persons.
Community Redevelopment Agency Investigation
In 2015, the United States Grand Jury for the North District of Florida began an investigation into alleged corruption by local officials in Tallahassee, Florida. In June 2017, the grand jury issued subpoenas to the City of Tallahassee and the Community Redevelopment Agency (the “ Agency ”) for records of communications, bids for proposals, applications, and more from approximately two dozen business entities and individuals, including Ms. Rivers, the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, her husband, J.T. Burnette, and Inkbridge LLC, a business associated with Ms. Rivers. The grand jury also directly subpoenaed Ms. Rivers for information related to her involvement with the Agency, a specific commissioner of the Agency, and political contributions Ms. Rivers made through an associated business. Ms. Rivers timely complied with the subpoena. Ms. Rivers has not been charged with any crime. No information was requested of Ms. Rivers in her capacity as an officer, director or employee of the Company. Ms. Rivers promptly disclosed the subpoena to the Board and agreed to notify the Board of further developments. Following this disclosure, the Board met independently to consider the matter, the allegations raised thereunder and Ms. Rivers’ response to same. In addition, a member of the Board retained counsel to investigate the matter. Based on this review and the advice of counsel, the Board concluded that Ms. Rivers was not a target of the investigation. The Board considered the impact of any potential liability in allowing Ms. Rivers to continue as Chief Executive Officer of the Company in the face of the investigation and determined that no independent, formal investigation or further action was warranted at the time based on its understanding of the facts as represented by Ms. Rivers and the independent counsel review. The Board remains confident the investigation does not relate to the Company or Ms. Rivers’ conduct in her capacity as the Chief Executive Officer or director and believes that Ms. Rivers has complied with all requests made of her to date pursuant to the investigation. The investigation however remains ongoing. While there can be no assurances given with respect to the outcome of the investigation, no government official has contacted Ms. Rivers or the Company as part of the investigation since Ms. Rivers produced documents in response to the subpoena in June 2017. Ms. Rivers’ has advised the Company that her personal counsel contacted the federal prosecutor supervising the investigation in July 2018, who stated that Ms. Rivers was currently not a target of the investigation. The Company does not know what impact, if any, this investigation will have on the Company’s future efforts to maintain and obtain licenses in Florida or elsewhere. Any negative impact on the Company’s Florida license could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, revenues, operating results and financial condition. It is the Company’s goal to create patients loyal to the Company’s brand and in return to provide these patients a superior level of customer service and product selection. Any allegation of wrong doing on the part of Ms. Rivers as a result of the Agency investigation could harm the Company’s reputation with its customers and could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, revenues, operating results and financial condition as well as the Company’s reputation, even if the Agency investigation was concluded successfully in favour of Ms. Rivers. In addition, in the event the Agency investigation results in any allegation of wrongdoing or otherwise further targets Ms. Rivers, Ms. Rivers may be unable to continue serving as Chief
-58-
Executive Officer and director of the Company. Qualified individuals within the cannabis industry are in high demand and the Company may incur significant costs to attract and retain qualified management personnel. The loss of the services of Ms. Rivers, or an inability to attract other suitably qualified persons when needed, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to execute on its business plan and strategy, and the Company may be unable to find an adequate replacement on a timely basis. Ms. Rivers has agreed, in the event she is indicted in connection with the foregoing investigation, to convert any Super Voting Shares controlled by her into Multiple Voting Shares.
INTERESTS OF EXPERTS
The following persons or companies are named as having prepared or certified a report, valuation, statement or opinion in this Prospectus, either directly or in a document incorporated herein by reference, and whose profession or business gives authority to the report, valuation, statement or opinion made by the expert.
MNP LLP is the auditor of the Company and has confirmed that they are independent within the meaning of the relevant rules and related interpretations prescribed by the relevant professional bodies in Canada and any applicable legislation or regulations.
TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR
The registrar and transfer agent for the Subordinate Voting Shares is Odyssey Trust Company at its office in Vancouver, British Columbia.
MATERIAL CONTRACTS
Except for certain contracts entered into in the ordinary course business of the Company, the following are the only contracts entered into by the Company on or after January 1, 2020 (or prior to January 1, 2020 if still in effect) that are material to the Company:
-
the trust indenture in respect of the 2019 Notes, dated as of June 18, 2019 between Trulieve and Odyssey Trust Company;
-
the warrant indenture in respect of the 2019 Warrants, dated as of June 18, 2019 between Trulieve and Odyssey Trust Company;
-
the supplemental warrant indenture, dated as of November 6, 2019 between Trulieve and Odyssey Trust Company; and
-
the supplemental warrant indenture, dated as of December 10, 2020 between Trulieve and Odyssey Trust Company.
To the extent that cannabis-related licenses could also be considered to be material contracts, the Florida License, California License, Connecticut License and Massachusetts Licenses are material contracts of the Company.
Copies of the above material contracts are available on the Company’s SEDAR profile at www.sedar.com.
LEGAL MATTERS
Unless otherwise specified in a Prospectus Supplement relating to any Securities offered, certain legal matters in connection with the offering of Securities will be passed upon on behalf of Trulieve by DLA Piper (Canada) LLP. In addition, certain legal matters in connection with any offering of Securities will be passed upon for any underwriters, dealers or agents by counsel to be designated at the time of the offering by such underwriters, dealers or agents, as the case may be.
-59-
AGENT FOR SERVICE OF PROCESS
Kim Rivers, Richard May, George Hackney, Thad Beshears, Michael O’Donnell, Peter Healy, Susan Thronson and Thomas Millner, each a director of the Company residing outside of Canada, and Alex D’Amico, an officer of the Company residing outside of Canada, have each appointed DLA Piper (Canada) LLP, Suite 2800, Park Place, 666 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6C 27Z, as agent for service of process.
Purchasers are advised that it may not be possible for investors to enforce judgments obtained in Canada against any person or company that is incorporated, continued or otherwise organized under the laws of a foreign jurisdiction or resides outside of Canada, even if the party has appointed an agent for service of process.
STATUTORY RIGHTS OF WITHDRAWAL AND RESCISSION
Securities legislation in certain of the provinces and territories of Canada provides purchasers with the right to withdraw from an agreement to purchase securities. This right may only be exercised within two business days after receipt or deemed receipt of a prospectus or a prospectus supplement relating to the securities purchased by a purchaser and any amendments thereto. In several of the provinces and territories, the securities legislation further provides a purchaser with remedies for rescission or, in some jurisdictions, revisions of the price or damages if the prospectus or a prospectus supplement relating to the securities purchased by a purchaser and any amendments thereto contain a misrepresentation or is not delivered to the purchaser, provided that such remedies for rescission, revisions of the price or damages are exercised by the purchaser within the time limit prescribed by the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province. However, purchasers of Securities distributed under an at-the-market distribution by the Company do not have the right to withdraw from an agreement to purchase the Securities and do not have remedies of rescission or, in some jurisdictions, revisions of the price, or damages for non-delivery of the Prospectus, Prospectus Supplement, and any amendment relating to the Securities purchased by such purchaser because the Prospectus, Prospectus Supplement, and any amendment relating to the Securities purchased by such purchaser will not be sent or delivered, as permitted under Part 9 of NI 44-102. A purchaser should refer to any applicable provisions of the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory for the particulars of these rights or consult with a legal advisor.
In addition, original purchasers of convertible, exchangeable or exercisable Securities (unless the Securities are reasonably regarded by the Company as incidental to the applicable offering as a whole) will have a contractual right of rescission against the Company in respect of the conversion, exchange or exercise of the convertible, exchangeable or exercisable Security. The contractual right of rescission will be further described in any applicable Prospectus Supplement, but will, in general, entitle such original purchasers to receive the amount paid for the applicable convertible, exchangeable or exercisable Security (and any additional amount paid upon conversion, exchange or exercise) upon surrender of the underlying securities acquired thereby, in the event that this Prospectus (as supplemented or amended) contains a misrepresentation, provided that: (i) the conversion, exchange or exercise takes place within 180 days of the date of the purchase of the convertible, exchangeable or exercisable Security under this Prospectus; and (ii) the right of rescission is exercised within 180 days of the date of the purchase of the convertible, exchangeable or exercisable security under this Prospectus. This contractual right of rescission will be consistent with the statutory right of rescission described under section 130 of the Securities Act (Ontario), and is in addition to any other right or remedy available to original purchasers under section 130 of the Securities Act (Ontario) or otherwise at law. Any remedies under securities legislation that a purchaser of Securities distributed under an at-the-market distribution by the Company may have against the Company or its agents for rescission or, in some jurisdictions, revisions of the price, or damages if the Prospectus, Prospectus Supplement, and any amendment relating to the Securities purchased by a purchaser containing a misrepresentation will remain unaffected by the nondelivery of the Prospectus referred to above.
In an offering of convertible, exchangeable or exercisable Subscription Receipts, Warrants or convertible, exchangeable or exercisable Debt Securities (or Units comprised partly thereof), investors are cautioned that the statutory right of action for damages for a misrepresentation contained in the prospectus is limited, in certain provincial and territorial securities legislation, to the price at which convertible, exchangeable or exercisable Subscription Receipts, Warrants or convertible, exchangeable or exercisable Debt Securities (or Units comprised partly thereof) are offered to the public under the prospectus offering. This means that, under the securities
-60-
legislation of certain provinces and territories, if the purchaser pays additional amounts upon the conversion, exchange or exercise of the Security, those amounts may not be recoverable under the statutory right of action for damages that applies in those provinces or territories. The purchaser should refer to any applicable provisions of the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory for the particulars of this right of action for damages or consult with a legal advisor.
-61-
CERTIFICATE OF THE COMPANY
January 29, 2021
This short form prospectus, together with the documents incorporated in this prospectus by reference, will, as of the date of the last supplement to this prospectus relating to the securities offered by this prospectus and the supplement(s), constitute full, true and plain disclosure of all material facts relating to the securities offered by this prospectus and the supplement(s) as required by the securities legislation of each of the provinces and territories of Canada.
(signed) “ Kim Rivers ” Kim Rivers Chief Executive Officer
(signed) “ Alex D’Amico”
Alex D’Amico Chief Financial Officer
On behalf of the Board of Directors:
(signed) “ Thad Beshears ” (signed) “ Richard May ” Thad Beshears Richard May Director Director
C-1