www.touchstoneexploration.com
TSX / LSE: TXP

TOUCHSTONE

Touchstone Exploration Inc.

Consolidated Financial Statements

As at and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Management's Report

Management's Responsibility for the Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements and for the consistency therewith of all other financial and operating data presented in year-end regulatory filings. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting policies detailed in the notes thereto. In Management's opinion, the consolidated financial statements are in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, have been prepared within acceptable limits of materiality, and have utilized supportable, reasonable estimates.

Management is responsible for the integrity and objectivity of the financial information. Management has established and continuously monitors systems of internal control over financial reporting to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of Touchstone Exploration Inc.'s financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards.

The Board of Directors is responsible for ensuring that Management fulfills its responsibilities for financial reporting and internal control. The Board of Directors exercises responsibilities primarily through its Audit Committee, which is composed entirely of independent directors. The Audit Committee meets regularly with Management and with the external auditors to discuss the internal controls over financial reporting process, auditing matters and financial reporting issues, to satisfy itself that each party is discharging its responsibilities, and to review the consolidated financial statements and the external auditors' report thereon. The Audit Committee also considers the independence of the external auditors and reviews their fees. The Audit Committee has reported its findings to the Board of Directors, who have in turn approved the consolidated financial statements for issuance to the shareholders.

The consolidated financial statements have been audited on behalf of the shareholders by KPMG LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants, in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards.

Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining an adequate system of internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance that all assets are safeguarded and transactions are appropriately authorized and to facilitate the preparation of relevant, reliable, and timely information. Because of inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements and even those systems determined to be effective can only provide reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.

Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the system of internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria established in "Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013)" issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, Management concluded that Touchstone Exploration Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2024.

(signed) "Paul R. Baay"
Paul R. Baay
President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

(signed) "Scott Budau"
Scott Budau
Chief Financial Officer

Calgary, Alberta
March 19, 2025

KPMG

KPMG LLP
205 5th Avenue SW
Suite 3100
Calgary AB T2P 4B9
Tel 403-691-8000
Fax 403-691-8008
www.kpmg.ca

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT

To the Shareholders of Touchstone Exploration Inc.

Opinion

We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Touchstone Exploration Inc. (the Entity), which comprise:

the consolidated balance sheets as at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023
the consolidated statements of earnings (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) for the years then ended
the consolidated statements of changes in shareholders' equity for the years then ended
the consolidated statements of cash flows for the years then ended
and notes to the consolidated financial statements, including a summary of material accounting policy information

(Hereinafter referred to as the "financial statements").

In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Entity as at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, its consolidated financial performance and its consolidated cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

Basis for Opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the "Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements" section of our auditor's report.

We are independent of the Entity in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in Canada and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements.

KPMG LLP, an Ontario limited liability partnership and member firm of the KPMG global organization of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Limited, a private English company limited by guarantee. KPMG Canada provides services to KPMG LLP.

KPMG

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Material Uncertainty Related to Going Concern

We draw attention to Note 1 in the financial statements, which indicates that the Entity projects a breach of a financial covenant as of December 31, 2025, which could result in the bank debt balance becoming due. The Entity's ability to continue as a going concern depends on successfully amending the loan agreement or obtaining a waiver for the forecasted breach.

As stated in Note 1 in the financial statements, these events or conditions, along with other matters as set forth in Note 1 in the financial statements, indicate that a material uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt on the Entity's ability to continue as a going concern.

Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter.

Key Audit Matters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.

In addition to the matter described in the "Material Uncertainty related to Going Concern" section of the auditor's report, we have determined the matters described below to be the key audit matters to be communicated in our auditor's report.

Assessment of the impact of estimated proved plus probable petroleum and natural gas reserves on property, plant and equipment ("PP&E")

Description of the matter

We draw attention to note 3, note 5, note 8 and note 9 to the financial statements. The Entity uses estimated proved plus probable petroleum and natural gas reserves to deplete its petroleum and natural gas development assets included in PP&E, to assess for indicators of impairment on the Entity's cash generating units ("CGU") and if any such indicators exist, to perform an impairment test to estimate the recoverable amount of the CGUs.

The Entity has $122,382 thousand of PP&E as of December 31, 2024.

The Entity identified indicators of impairment for the Coho and Cascadura CGUs at December 31, 2024 and performed impairment tests to estimate the recoverable amount of each of these CGUs. The Entity recorded an impairment reversal of $137 thousand related to the Coho CGU for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The estimated recoverable amount of each CGU involves significant estimates including:

The estimate of proved plus probable petroleum and natural gas reserves and the related future cash flows
The discount rates.

KPMG

The Entity depletes its petroleum and natural gas development assets using the unit-of-production method by reference to the ratio of production in the period to the related proved plus probable petroleum and natural gas reserves, taking into account forecasted future development costs.

Depletion and depreciation expense on petroleum and natural gas development assets was $8,245 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2024, a portion of which related to depletion.

The estimate of proved plus probable petroleum and natural gas reserves and the related future cash flows includes significant assumptions related to:

Forecasted oil and natural gas prices
Forecasted production volumes
Forecasted operating costs
Forecasted royalty costs
Forecasted future development costs.

The Entity engages an independent qualified reserves evaluator to estimate proved plus probable petroleum and natural gas reserves and the related future cash flows.

Why the matter is a key audit matter

We identified the assessment of the impact of estimated proved plus probable petroleum and natural gas reserves on PP&E as a key audit matter. Significant auditor judgment was required to evaluate the results of our audit procedures regarding the estimate of proved plus probable petroleum and natural gas reserves and the related future cash flows and the discount rates. Additionally, the assessment of the recoverable amount related to the Coho CGU requires the use of professionals with specialized skills and knowledge in valuation.

How the matter was addressed in the audit

The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this key audit matter:

We assessed the depletion expense calculation for compliance with IFRS Accounting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

With respect to the estimate of proved plus probable petroleum and natural gas reserves and the related future cash flows at December 31, 2024:

We evaluated the competence, capabilities and objectivity of the independent qualified reserves evaluator engaged by the Entity
We compared forecasted oil and natural gas prices to those published by other independent qualified reserves evaluators
We compared the 2024 actual production, operating costs, royalty costs and development costs of the Entity to those estimates used in the prior year's estimate of proved petroleum and natural gas reserves and the related future cash flows to assess the Entity's ability to accurately forecast

KPMG

We evaluated the appropriateness of forecasted production and forecasted operating costs, royalty costs and future development costs assumptions by comparing to 2024 historical results. We took into account changes in conditions and events affecting the Entity to assess the adjustments or lack of adjustments made by the Entity in arriving at the assumptions.

We involved valuation professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in:

Evaluating the appropriateness of the discount rate used for the Coho CGU by comparing the discount rate to market and other external data
Assessing the reasonableness of the Entity's estimate of the recoverable amount of the Coho CGU by comparing the Entity's estimate to market metrics and other external data.

Other Information

Management is responsible for the other information. Other information comprises the information included in Management's Discussion and Analysis filed with the relevant Canadian Securities Commissions.

Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not and will not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information identified above and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit and remain alert for indications that the other information appears to be materially misstated.

We obtained the information included in Management's Discussion and Analysis filed with the relevant Canadian Securities Commissions as at the date of this auditor's report. If, based on the work we have performed on this other information, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact in the auditor's report.

We have nothing to report in this regard.

Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Entity's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Entity or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Entity's financial reporting process.

KPMG

Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion.

Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards will always detect a material misstatement when it exists.

Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of the financial statements.

As part of an audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit.

We also:

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.

Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Entity's internal control.
Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management.
Conclude on the appropriateness of management's use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Entity's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor's report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor's report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Entity to cease to continue as a going concern.
Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
Communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.

KPMG

Provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.
Plan and perform the group audit to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business units within the group as a basis for forming an opinion on the group financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and review of the audit work performed for the purposes of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion.
Determine, from the matters communicated with those charged with governance, those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor's report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our auditor's report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.

The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this auditor's report is David Yung.

[Signature]

Chartered Professional Accountants

Calgary, Canada

March 19, 2025

Touchstone Exploration Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Stated in thousands of United States dollars

As at	Note	December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Assets
Current assets
Cash		6,744	8,186
Accounts receivable	6	13,805	12,852
Inventory		85	91
Prepaid expenses		1,517	764
Assets held for sale	8	-	677
		22,151	22,570
Exploration and evaluation assets	7	3,743	5,030
Property, plant and equipment	8	122,382	108,148
Restricted cash	13	924	785
Other assets	10	108	334
Abandonment fund	14	2,965	2,081
Total assets		152,273	138,948
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	11	16,254	15,013
Income taxes payable	21	6	240
Current portion of bank debt	13	7,250	13,000
Liabilities associated with assets held for sale	14	-	1,898
		23,510	30,151
Lease liabilities	12	4,368	2,888
Bank debt	13	27,541	14,977
Decommissioning liabilities	14	9,985	9,733
Share-based compensation liabilities	19	117	-
Deferred income taxes	21	17,924	21,433
Total liabilities		83,445	79,182
Shareholders' equity
Shareholders' capital	15	115,610	114,965
Contributed surplus		7,069	6,166
Other comprehensive loss		(13,882)	(13,124)
Deficit		(39,969)	(48,241)
Total shareholders' equity		68,828	59,766
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity		152,273	138,948

Going Concern (Note 1)

Commitments and contingencies (Note 24)

Subsequent events (Notes 6 and 27)

See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.

Approved on behalf of the Board of Directors:

(signed) "John D. Wright"

John D. Wright

Chair of the Board of Directors and Director

(signed) "Stanley T. Smith"

Stanley T. Smith

Chair of the Audit Committee and Director

TOUCHSTONE
2024 Consolidated Financial Statements
9

Touchstone Exploration Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Earnings (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Stated in thousands of United States dollars (except per share amounts)

	Note	Year ended December 31,
		2024	2023
Revenue
Petroleum and natural gas sales	16	57,470	48,098
Less: royalties		(13,876)	(12,173)
Petroleum and natural gas revenue, net of royalties		43,594	35,925
Other revenue		63	64
Total revenue		43,657	35,989
Expenses
Operating	26	10,704	9,705
General and administration	26	10,154	9,451
Net finance	17	3,018	2,453
Transaction	18	2,023	-
Exploration		248	-
Gain on asset dispositions	8	(2,213)	(800)
Foreign exchange gain	22	(54)	(196)
Share-based compensation	19	1,589	1,243
Depletion and depreciation	8	9,501	6,009
Impairment	9	2,659	21,389
Other	20	-	(552)
Total expenses		37,629	48,702
Earnings (loss) before income taxes		6,028	(12,713)
Provision for income taxes
Current expense	21	1,161	1,106
Deferred (recovery) expense	21	(3,405)	6,779
Total income tax (recovery) expense		(2,244)	7,885
Net earnings (loss)		8,272	(20,598)
Currency translation adjustments		(758)	393
Comprehensive income (loss)		7,514	(20,205)
Net earnings (loss) per common share
Basic	15	0.04	(0.09)
Diluted	15	0.03	(0.09)

See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.

TOUCHSTONE
2024 Consolidated Financial Statements
10

Touchstone Exploration Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity
Stated in thousands of United States dollars

	Note	Year ended December 31,
		2024	2023
Shareholders' capital
Balance, beginning of year		114,965	114,635
Issued under share-based compensation plans	15	645	330
Balance, end of year		115,610	114,965
Contributed surplus
Balance, beginning of year		6,166	4,905
Recognized under share-based compensation plans	15	(230)	(120)
Share-based compensation expense	19	1,061	1,243
Share-based compensation capitalized	19	72	138
Balance, end of year		7,069	6,166
Other comprehensive loss
Balance, beginning of year		(13,124)	(13,517)
Other comprehensive (loss) income		(758)	393
Balance, end of year		(13,882)	(13,124)
Deficit
Balance, beginning of year		(48,241)	(27,643)
Net earnings (loss)		8,272	(20,598)
Balance, end of year		(39,969)	(48,241)

See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.

TOUCHSTONE
2024 Consolidated Financial Statements
11

Touchstone Exploration Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Stated in thousands of United States dollars

	Note	Year ended December 31,
		2024	2023
Operating activities
Net earnings (loss)		8,272	(20,598)
Items not involving cash from operations:
Gain on asset dispositions	8	(2,213)	(800)
Unrealized foreign exchange loss (gain)	22	121	(194)
Share-based compensation expense	19	1,589	1,243
Depletion and depreciation expense	8	9,501	6,009
Impairment expense	9	2,659	21,389
Non-cash finance expense (income)	26	243	(80)
Deferred income tax (recovery) expense	21	(3,405)	6,779
Decommissioning expenditures	14	(19)	(18)
Funds flow from operations		16,748	13,730
Net change in non-cash operating working capital	26	(3,567)	(987)
Cash from operating activities		13,181	12,743
Investing activities
Exploration and evaluation expenditures	7	(1,046)	(17,638)
Property, plant and equipment expenditures	8	(22,633)	(1,311)
Abandonment fund expenditures	14	(971)	(626)
Proceeds from asset dispositions	7,8	1,066	250
Net change in non-cash investing working capital	26	2,964	(1,790)
Cash used in investing activities		(20,620)	(21,115)
Financing activities
Changes in restricted cash	13	(139)	236
Advance of bank debt, net of fees	13	15,747	7,000
Repayment of bank debt	13	(9,000)	(6,000)
Net finance lease payments	10,12	(1,194)	(692)
Issuance of common shares	15	415	210
Other liability payments		-	(469)
Net change in non-cash financing working capital	26	106	(155)
Cash from financing activities		5,935	130
Decrease in cash		(1,504)	(8,242)
Cash, beginning of year		8,186	16,335
Impact of foreign exchange on foreign denominated cash balances		62	93
Cash, end of year		6,744	8,186
Supplementary information for cash from operating activities:
Interest paid in cash	13	2,407	2,241
Income taxes paid in cash	21	1,399	1,880

See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.

TOUCHSTONE
2024 Consolidated Financial Statements
12

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

1. Nature of Business

Touchstone Exploration Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, "Touchstone" or the "Company") are engaged in the business of petroleum and natural gas exploration, development, acquisition and production. The Company is currently active in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago ("Trinidad").

Touchstone Exploration Inc. is incorporated under the laws of Alberta, Canada with its head and principal office located at 4100, 350 7th Avenue SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 3N9. Touchstone's common shares are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange ("TSX") and on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange ("AIM") under the symbol "TXP".

Going Concern

Under its existing Third Amended and Restated Loan Agreement (the "Loan Agreement"), the Company must comply with three financial covenants assessed annually. As of December 31, 2024, the Company remained in compliance with all covenants (see Note 13).

The Company is currently negotiating with its lender to amend the Loan Agreement to incorporate two additional term loan facilities relating to a proposed acquisition (see Note 27). As of the date hereof, the lender is drafting a Fourth Amended and Restated Loan Agreement along with related security documents.

If the proposed acquisition does not proceed with an amendment to the Loan Agreement, the Company projects a breach of the debt service coverage covenant as of December 31, 2025, which could result in the bank debt balance becoming due. The Company's ability to continue as a going concern depends on successfully amending the Loan Agreement or obtaining a waiver for the forecasted breach. At this time, no waiver has been sought, as the existing Loan Agreement is expected to be replaced by the amended version in conjunction with the proposed acquisition.

These circumstances create material uncertainties that may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. These financial statements do not reflect potential adjustments to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities, reported amounts of revenue and expenses, and balance sheet classifications that would be required if the going concern assumption were deemed inappropriate. Such adjustments could be material.

2. Basis of Preparation

These consolidated financial statements (the "financial statements") have been prepared in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IFRS"). Unless otherwise stated, amounts presented in these financial statements are denominated in United States dollars ("$ " or "US$").

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except those items that are presented at fair value as detailed in the accounting policies disclosed in Note 3 "Summary of Material Accounting Policies".

Touchstone's operations are viewed as a single operating segment by the chief operating decision makers of the Company for the purposes of resource allocation and assessing performance.

These financial statements were approved and authorized for issuance by Touchstone's Board of Directors (the "Board") on March 19, 2025.

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

3. Summary of Material Accounting Policies

The timely preparation of financial statements requires Management to use judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and the disclosure of contingencies at the date of the financial statements, and revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimated. Significant estimates and judgments used in the preparation of the financial statements are detailed in Note 5 "Use of Estimates, Judgements and Assumptions".

The accounting policies set forth below have been applied consistently to all periods presented in these financial statements by the Company and its subsidiaries.

Basis of consolidation

The financial statements include the accounts of Touchstone Exploration Inc. and its following subsidiaries:

Entity	Country of incorporation	Ownership (%)
Touchstone Exploration (Barbados) Ltd.	Barbados	100
Touchstone Exploration (Trinidad) Ltd.	Trinidad	100
Primera Oil and Gas Limited	Trinidad	100
Territorial Oilfield Management Services Limited	Trinidad	100
Touchstone Renewables Ltd.	Trinidad	100

All inter-entity balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation between Touchstone Exploration Inc. and its subsidiaries in these financial statements.

Joint arrangements

Touchstone may conduct its petroleum and natural gas activities through jointly controlled operations, and the financial statements reflect only the Company's proportionate interest in such activities. Joint control exists for contractual arrangements governing the Company's assets whereby Touchstone has less than 100 percent working interest, all of the partners have control of the arrangement collectively, and spending on the project requires unanimous consent of all parties that collectively control the arrangement and share the associated risks.

The Company's joint venture arrangement with Heritage Petroleum Company Limited ("Heritage") on the Ortoire block is considered a material jointly controlled arrangement. Touchstone has an 80 percent working interest in the block with Heritage holding the remaining 20 percent. Given both parties approve the operating and capital budgets, the Company has joint control over the relevant activities of this arrangement.

Foreign currency translation

Items included in the financial statements of each consolidated entity are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the "functional currency"). Touchstone has determined that the functional currency of the parent company is the Canadian dollar ("C$"); the functional currency of the Company's Barbadian entity is the US$; and the functional currency of each of its Trinidadian subsidiaries is the Trinidad and Tobago dollar ("TT$").

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the respective functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries using exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at period-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

currencies are recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) ("statements of income").

The results and financial position of all the Company's consolidated subsidiaries that have a functional currency different from the US$ presentation currency are translated as follows:

assets and liabilities for each consolidated balance sheet ("balance sheet") presented are translated at the reporting date closing rate;
revenue and expenses and certain cash flow items for each period are translated at average monthly exchange rates (unless this is not a representative approximation of the cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case revenue and expenses are translated at the dates of the transactions); and
all resulting exchange differences are recognized in other comprehensive loss, a separate component of shareholders' equity.

Financial instruments

Classification and measurement of financial instruments

Touchstone's financial assets and liabilities are classified as amortized cost. The classification of financial assets is determined by the characteristics of the contractual cash flows. The Company does not classify any of its financial instruments as fair value through profit or loss or fair value through other comprehensive income.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are measured at fair value on initial recognition, which is typically the transaction price net of directly attributable transaction costs, unless a financial instrument contains a significant financing component. Financial assets and liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. Financial instruments under this classification include cash, accounts receivable, restricted cash, finance lease receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, income taxes payable, lease liabilities and bank debt.

Impairment of financial assets

The Company recognizes loss allowances for expected credit losses on its financial assets measured at amortized cost. Expected credit losses exist if one or more loss events occur after initial recognition of the financial asset which has an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset and that impact can be reliably measured. Touchstone uses a combination of historical and forward-looking information to determine the appropriate expected credit loss. The carrying amount of the asset is reduced through the use of an allowance account, and the loss is recognized in general and administration expense.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

If an amendment to a contract or agreement comprises a substantial modification, Touchstone will derecognize the existing financial liability and recognize a new financial liability, with the difference recognized as a gain or loss in the statements of income. To determine whether a modification is substantial, the Company performs quantitative and qualitative tests. Quantitatively, if the present value of the cash flows under the new terms is at least 10 percent different than the remaining cash flows of the original liability, the modification is deemed to be substantial. Qualitatively, the change is evaluated based on its impact to the economic risk associated with the liability and would be specific to the contract.

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

If the modification results in the derecognition of a liability, any associated fees are recognized as part of the gain or loss. If the modification is not deemed to be substantial, any associated fees are adjusted against the liability's carrying amount and are amortized over the remaining term.

Fair value measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received when selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in its principal or most advantageous market at the measurement date. All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are further categorized using the following three-level hierarchy that reflects the significance of the lowest level of inputs used in determining fair value.

Level 1 - Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. Active markets are those in which transactions occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.
Level 2 - Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets used in Level 1. Prices in Level 2 are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date. Level 2 valuations are based on inputs which can be substantially observed or corroborated in the marketplace, including quoted forward price for commodities, time value and volatility factors.
Level 3 - Valuations in this level are those with inputs that are not based on observable market data.

At each reporting date, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing the level of classification for each financial asset and financial liability measured or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole. Assessments of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement require judgement and may affect the placement within the fair value hierarchy.

Business combinations

Touchstone accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the fair value of the assets given, equity instruments issued, and liabilities incurred or assumed at the acquisition date. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed are measured and recognized at their fair value at the date of the acquisition, with the exception of income taxes, right-of-use ("ROU") assets, and lease liabilities. Any deferred income tax asset or liability arising from a business combination is recognized at the acquisition date.

Transaction costs associated with a business combination are expensed as incurred. Results of acquisitions are included in the financial statements from the closing date of the acquisition. If the consideration of the acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets received, the difference is recognized immediately in the statements of income. If the consideration of the acquisition is greater than the fair value of the net assets received, the difference is recognized as goodwill on the balance sheet. Subsequent measurement of goodwill is stated at cost less any accumulated impairment expenses.

Exploration and evaluation assets

Expenditures incurred before the Company has obtained legal rights to explore an area are recognized in the statements of income as exploration expense.

Exploration and evaluation ("E&E") assets reflect expenditures for an area where technical feasibility and commercial viability have not yet been determined. Expenditures, including land acquisition, geological and geophysical, exploration drilling, completion and production testing costs, directly attributable overhead and share-based compensation expenses, and estimates of

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

any decommissioning costs are capitalized and accumulated pending determination of technical feasibility and commercial viability. Technical feasibility and commercial viability of E&E assets are dependent upon the assignment of a sufficient amount of economically recoverable crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids reserves ("reserves") relative to the estimated potential resources available, available infrastructure to support commercial development, as well as obtaining the appropriate internal and external approvals. Assets classified as E&E may have sales of petroleum and natural gas products associated with production from test wells. These operating results, including attributable royalties and operating expenses, are recognized in the statements of income.

When a project classified as E&E is determined to be technically feasible and commercially viable, the relevant costs are transferred to property, plant and equipment ("PP&E") on the balance sheet. The assets are assessed for impairment prior to any such transfer, by comparing the carrying amount to the greater of the assets' fair value less cost of disposal or value in use. If a decision is made by Management not to continue an E&E project, the E&E carrying value is derecognized and all associated costs are expensed as impairment on the statements of income at that time.

Property, plant and equipment

Items of PP&E, which include petroleum and natural gas development assets, ROU assets and corporate assets, are measured at cost less accumulated depletion and depreciation expense and accumulated impairment expense.

Petroleum and natural gas development asset costs include expenditures for areas where technical feasibility and commercial viability have been determined. All costs directly associated with the acquisition and development of petroleum and natural gas properties are capitalized. These costs include transfers of E&E assets, property acquisitions, facilities, directly attributable overhead and share-based compensation expenses, as well as decommissioning liabilities, geological and geophysical, and drilling, completion and production testing costs.

The Company depletes its petroleum and natural gas development assets using the unit-of-production method by reference to the ratio of production in the period to the related proved plus probable reserves. Proved plus probable reserves are estimated annually by independent qualified reserves evaluators in accordance with National Instrument 51-101 Standards of Disclosure for Oil and Gas Activities ("NI 51-101"). Estimated future development costs necessary to bring the reserves to production are included in the depletion calculation. The Company operates under numerous production and exploration leases with varying expiry dates. Under its operating agreements with Heritage, the Company does not have ownership of the reserves but is entitled to all associated cash flows therefrom. For impairment assessment and depletion purposes, the Company assumes that all relevant agreements will be renewed in accordance with any contractual renewal options.

Depreciation of corporate assets are calculated on a declining balance basis at various rates per annum over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at least annually.

Impairment of non-financial assets

Property, plant and equipment

Petroleum and natural gas development assets are accumulated in cost centres at the cash-generating unit ("CGU") level for the purposes of assessing impairment. A CGU is a grouping of assets that generate cash flows independently of other assets held by the Company. Geography, product type, and internal management are key factors considered when grouping petroleum and natural gas development assets into CGUs.

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

CGUs are reviewed at each reporting date for indicators of potential impairment and, in the case of previously impaired CGUs, reversal of impairment. If such indicators exist, an impairment test is performed by comparing the CGU's carrying value to its recoverable amount, defined as the greater of the CGU's fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Any excess carrying value over the estimated recoverable amount is recognized in the statements of income as impairment expense.

If there is an indicator that a previously recognized impairment expense may no longer exist or may have decreased, the estimated recoverable amount of the relevant CGU is calculated and compared against the carrying amount. A previous impairment expense is reversed to the extent that the CGU's estimated recoverable amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of accumulated depletion, if no impairment had been recognized. A reversal of impairment is recognized in the statements of income against impairment expense.

Fair value less costs to sell is estimated using the amount obtainable from the sale of the asset in an arm's length transaction between knowledgeable and willing parties, less any costs of disposal. Available fair value indicators, such as recent market information and appropriately discounted cash flow valuation models, are typically used in determining fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using an after-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the asset. Value in use is computed by reference to the present value of the related future cash flows expected to be derived from estimated proved plus probable reserves.

Exploration and evaluation assets

E&E assets are assessed for impairment at the operating area level and are reviewed at each reporting date for indicators of potential impairment or, in the case of previously impaired E&E assets, reversals of impairment. An impairment expense on E&E assets is recognized if the carrying value of the E&E assets exceeds the recoverable amount. Similarly, a previously recorded impairment may be reversed if the recoverable amount of the relevant E&E asset is greater than the carrying amount. E&E asset impairment expenses or reversals are recognized in the statements of income as impairment expense or impairment reversal, respectively.

Assets held for sale

Non-current assets are classified as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered through a sale transaction rather than through continuing development or use. This condition is met when the sale is highly probable, and the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition. For the sale to be highly probable, Management must be committed to a plan to sell the asset, and an active program to locate a buyer must have been initiated. The asset must be actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value, and the sale should be expected to be completed within one year from the date of classification. Certain events or circumstances beyond the Company's control may extend the period to complete the sale beyond one year.

Immediately before E&E and PP&E assets are classified as held for sale, they are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell, with any impairment expense recognized in the statements of income. Non-current assets held for sale and their associated liabilities are classified and presented in current assets and liabilities within the balance sheet. Assets held for sale are not depleted or depreciated.

Dispositions

Gains or losses on disposal of assets are determined as the difference between the net proceeds from disposal and the carrying amount of the net assets held for sale and are recognized in the statements of income.

TOUCHSTONE
2024 Consolidated Financial Statements
18

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Exchanges of assets are measured at fair value, unless the transaction lacks commercial substance or fair value cannot be reasonably measured, in which case the acquired assets are measured at the carrying value of the assets disposed.

Lease arrangements

The Company assesses whether an arrangement is a lease based on whether the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

As lessee

When Touchstone is a party to a lease arrangement as the lessee, leases are recognized as a ROU asset and a corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet on the date that the leased asset becomes available for use.

ROU assets and lease liabilities are initially measured on a present value basis. Lease liabilities include the net present value of the lease payments which may include fixed payments, variable lease payments based on an index or a rate, amounts expected to be payable under residual value guarantees, and payments to exercise an extension or termination option if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise either option. The interest rate implicit in the lease is used to determine the present value of the liability and ROU asset arising from a lease, unless this rate is not readily determinable, in which case the Company's incremental borrowing rate is used. Touchstone uses a single discount rate for a portfolio of leases with reasonably similar characteristics. Lease payments are allocated between the lease liability and finance expense. Finance expenses are recognized on the statements of income over the lease term.

ROU assets are measured at cost, which is composed of the amount of the initial measurement of the lease obligation, less any incentives received, plus any lease payments made at, or before, the commencement date and initial direct costs and asset restoration costs, if any. ROU assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the lease term.

Lease liabilities and ROU assets are remeasured when there is a modification to the underlying contract terms, a change in the future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or if there is a change in the assessment of whether the Company will exercise a purchase extension or termination option.

Leases that have terms of less than twelve months or leases on which the underlying asset is of low value are recognized as an expense in the statements of income on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

As lessor

Where Touchstone acts as the lessor in a lease arrangement, the Company determines at inception whether the lease is a finance lease or an operating lease. Leases where the Company transfers substantially all of the risk and rewards incidental to ownership of the underlying asset are classified as finance leases. Under a finance lease, Touchstone records the current portion of the finance lease in accounts receivable and the non-current portion in other assets. Finance interest income related to the lease is recognized using an approach that equals a constant rate of return on the net investment of the lease. The net investment of the lease is the aggregate of the net minimum lease payments and unearned finance income discounted at the interest rate implicit in the lease. Unearned finance income is deferred and recognized in the statements of income over the lease term against net finance expense. The Company records lease payments received under operating leases as other revenue on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

TOUCHSTONE
2024 Consolidated Financial Statements
19

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Bank debt

The Company's bank debt balance includes two term loan facilities and a revolving loan facility that may be renewed on a two-year basis. The term loan facilities were initially measured at fair value, net of all transaction fees, and are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. The discount on each term loan facility is unwound using the effective interest rate method to the face value at maturity, and the associated accretion expense is recognized in the statements of income in net finance expense. The revolving loan facility is measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method.

Provisions and contingent liabilities

Provisions are recognized when Touchstone has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of economic benefit will be required to settle the obligation, and the amount can be reliably estimated. Provisions are measured using the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligation.

A provision for an onerous contract is recognized when the expected economic benefits to be derived by Touchstone from the contract are lower than the unavoidable cost of meeting the obligations in the contract. The provision is measured at the lower of the expected cost of terminating the contract and the present value of the expected net cost during the remaining term of the contract. Before a provision is established, the Company first recognizes any impairment expense on any assets associated with the onerous contract.

A contingent liability is disclosed when Touchstone has a possible obligation arising from a past event and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more future events not wholly under its control, or when the Company has a present obligation that arises from past events but is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, or the amount of the obligation cannot be measured with sufficient reliability.

Decommissioning liabilities

Provisions for abandonment and reclamation obligations associated with Touchstone's E&E and PP&E assets are recognized as decommissioning liabilities. Decommissioning liabilities are measured at the present value of Management's best estimate of expenditures required to settle the liability at the end of the related assets' useful life at the balance sheet reporting date. On at least a quarterly basis, Management reviews these estimates, and any changes, if any, are applied prospectively. These changes are recognized as an increase or decrease to the liability, with a corresponding increase or decrease to the carrying amount of the related asset. The capitalized amount included in PP&E is depleted based on a unit-of-production basis consistent with the underlying assets. The liability is increased in each reporting period with the passage of time, and the associated accretion expense is recognized in the statements of income in net finance expense. Periodic revisions to the liability-specific risk-free discount rate, estimated timing of cash flows, or to the estimated undiscounted cost can also result in an increase or decrease to the decommissioning liability and the related asset. Actual costs incurred upon settlement of the obligations are recognized against the provision to the extent of the liability recognized.

With respect to decommissioning liabilities associated with the Company's operating agreements with Heritage, the Company is obligated to pay its proportional cost of all abandonments defined as its percentage of crude oil sold in a specific well in comparison to the well's cumulative historical production. Touchstone is responsible for its working interest share of site restoration, well abandonment costs and removal of infrastructure and facilities used in petroleum and natural gas operations conducted on its properties under production licences with the Government of Trinidad and Tobago Ministry of Energy and Energy Industries ("MEEI") and private landowners.

TOUCHSTONE
2024 Consolidated Financial Statements
20

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Revenue recognition

The Company principally generates revenue from the sale of commodities, which include crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids. Revenue associated with the sale of commodities is recognized when control of the commodity is transferred to the buyer, the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the commodity is transferred to the buyer, and Touchstone has the present right to payment.

Touchstone also generates revenue from gathering and selling third-party products through its infrastructure, which is recognized as other revenue in the statements of income.

Share-based compensation plans

The Company's share-based compensation plans include both cash-settled awards and equity-settled awards.

Liabilities associated with cash-settled awards are determined based on the fair value of the award at the grant date and are subsequently revalued at each period-end. This valuation incorporates the period-end share price, dividends declared during the period, the number of awards outstanding at each period-end, and certain Management estimates, such as a performance multiplier and estimated forfeitures. Compensation expense is recognized in the statements of income over the relevant service period with a corresponding increase or decrease in accrued liabilities. Classification of the associated current and non-current liabilities is dependent on the expected payout dates of the individual awards. The Company's restricted share units ("RSUs"), performance share units ("PSUs") and deferred share units ("DSUs") are considered cash-settled awards.

Compensation expense associated with equity-settled awards for stock options is determined based on the fair value of the stock option at the grant date, as measured using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and is recognized over the period that the options vest with a corresponding increase to contributed surplus. The estimated forfeiture rate is adjusted to reflect the actual number of stock options that vest. When equity-settled awards are exercised, the consideration received, and the associated amounts previously recorded as contributed surplus are reclassified to shareholders' capital.

Income taxes

Provision for, or recovery of, income tax comprises current and deferred tax and is recognized in the statements of income, except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly in equity, in which case the related income tax is also recorded in equity.

Current income tax is the expected income tax payable on taxable income for the period, using enacted or substantively enacted income tax rates at the reporting date and any adjustment to income tax payable in respect of previous years.

Deferred income tax is recognized using the balance sheet method, providing for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred income taxes are not recognized for temporary differences on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit and loss or for taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill. Deferred income tax is measured at the income tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are presented as non-current. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts, and the intent is to either settle on a net basis or to realize the assets and settle the liabilities

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

simultaneously. A deferred income tax asset is recognized for unused tax losses, tax credits, and deductible temporary differences only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be utilized. Deferred income tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized.

Per share information

Basic per share information is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) attributable to shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period.

Diluted earnings per share is calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the dilutive common shares related to the Company's share-based compensation plans which could have a dilutive impact on net earnings during the year. The number of shares included is computed using the treasury stock method, whereby the common shares are assumed to be purchased at the average market price.

4. Changes to Accounting Policies

New Accounting Policies

Amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements

The Company adopted amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements ("IAS 1") on January 1, 2024. IAS 1 was amended to clarify the requirements for the presentation of liabilities as current or non-current and introduced a requirement regarding the classification and disclosure of a liability with covenants. The adoption of the amendments to IAS 1 had no impact on the Company's financial statements.

Future Accounting Pronouncements

Amendments to IFRS 9 Financial Instruments and IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures

In May 2024, the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB") issued amendments to IFRS 9 Financial Instruments and IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures to clarify the date of recognition and derecognition of financial assets and liabilities. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2026, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact that the amendments will have on the financial statements.

IFRS 18 Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements ("IFRS 18")

In April 2024, the IASB issued IFRS 18 which will replace IAS 1 and includes requirements for the presentation and disclosure of information in financial statements. IFRS 18 will introduce new totals, subtotals and categories for income and expenses in the statements of income, as well as requiring disclosure about management-defined performance measures and additional requirements regarding the aggregation and disaggregation of certain information. IFRS 18 is required to be adopted retrospectively and is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact that this standard will have on the financial statements.

5. Use of Estimates, Judgements and Assumptions

The timely preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires Management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. These estimates, judgments and assumptions are subject to change, and actual results

TOUCHSTONE
2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

could differ from those estimated, and those differences could be material. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis, and any revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised. Significant estimates and judgements made by Management in the preparation of these financial statements are discussed below.

Climate reporting regulations

Emissions, carbon and other regulations impacting climate and climate-related matters are constantly evolving. With respect to environmental, social and governance and climate reporting, the International Sustainability Standards Board ("ISSB") issued an IFRS Sustainability Disclosure Standard with the aim to develop sustainability disclosure standards that are globally consistent, comparable and reliable. On June 26, 2023, the ISSB released two standards: IFRS S1 General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information and IFRS S2 Climate-related Disclosures. The Canadian Sustainability Standards Board ("CSSB") was formed to support the adoption of international sustainability standards in Canada. In December 2024, the CSSB released CSDS 1 - General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information and CSDS 2 - Climate-related Disclosures, which are largely aligned with the ISSB standards apart from a Canadian-specific effective date and incremental transition relief.

In addition, the Canadian Securities Administrators ("CSA") have issued a proposed National Instrument 51-107 Disclosure of Climate-related Matters. Until the CSA mandates the adoption of CSDS 1 and 2, the CSSB standards will be voluntary standards and as such, the Company has not yet adopted these standards. The cost to comply with these standards, and others that may be developed or evolve over time have yet to be quantified by the Company and it is possible that the long-term effects of these new regulations will affect the Company's business, results from operations, access to capital and financial condition.

Financial instruments

The estimated fair value of financial instruments is reliant upon a number of estimated variables including forward commodity prices, foreign exchange rates and interest rates as well as the risk of non-performance. Fair value estimates of financial instruments are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant information about financial markets and specific financial instruments. As these estimates are subjective in nature, involving uncertainties and matters of significant judgment, they cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions can significantly affect estimated fair values.

Additionally, estimates must be made with respect to impairment of financial assets and the provision of expected credit losses recognized. In making an assessment as to whether financial assets are credit-impaired, Management considers historically realized bad debts, any applicable public credit ratings, evidence of a debtor's present financial condition and whether a debtor has breached certain contracts, the probability that a debtor will, or has entered bankruptcy or other financial reorganization, changes in economic conditions that correlate to increased levels of default, the number of days a debtor is past due in making a contractual payment, and the term to maturity of the specified receivable.

Petroleum and natural gas reserves

There are a number of inherent uncertainties associated with estimating proved plus probable reserves. Reserve estimates are based on a number of significant assumptions, such as engineering and geological data, forecasted oil and natural gas price estimates, forecasted production volumes and decline rates, and the timing and amount of forecasted royalty, operating and future development costs, all of which are subject to many uncertainties, interpretations and judgments. Estimates reflect market and regulatory conditions existing as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, which could differ significantly from future periods. The estimate of reserves and the

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements
23

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

related cash flows are evaluated by Touchstone's independent qualified reserves evaluator at least annually in accordance with NI 51-101.

Petroleum and natural gas investments

The Company applies judgment when classifying the nature of petroleum and natural gas investments as E&E or PP&E and when determining whether capitalization of the initial costs of these investments is appropriate. The Company uses historical drilling results, project economics, resource quantities, estimated operating expenses and future development costs to make judgments about future events and circumstances.

Determination of cash-generating units

Determination of what constitutes a CGU is subject to Management's judgement. The recoverability of petroleum and natural gas development asset carrying values included in PP&E are assessed at the CGU level, and the asset composition of a CGU can directly impact the recoverability of the assets included therein. Geological formation, shared infrastructure and marketing arrangements, product type, geographic location, and internal management are key factors considered when grouping Touchstone's petroleum and natural gas development assets into CGUs.

Recoverability of asset carrying values

Management applies judgement in assessing the existence of indicators of impairment and reversal of impairment based on various internal and external factors.

In estimating the recoverable amount of E&E assets, Management factors in future development plans, licence expiries, and required regulatory approvals into the relevant asset assessment. Where applicable, the Company uses proved plus probable reserves to assess certain E&E assets for impairment prior to being transferred to PP&E as estimated by the Company's independent qualified reserves evaluator. E&E assets remain capitalized as long as sufficient progress is being made in assessing whether the projects are technically feasible and commercially viable. This assessment requires significant Management judgement, as E&E assets are subject to continuous internal review to confirm the ongoing intent to establish the technical feasibility and commercial viability of a project.

The recoverable amounts of Touchstone's PP&E CGUs are estimated based on value in use calculations using discounted after-tax cash flows derived from the Company's proved plus probable reserves as estimated by the Company's independent qualified reserves evaluator. The reserve evaluation is based on an estimated reserve life up to a maximum of 50 years. Key input estimates used in the determination of related future cash flows from proved plus probable reserves are set forth below.

Proved plus probable reserves and forecasted production volumes: Assumptions that are valid at the time of reserves estimation may change significantly when new information becomes available. Changes in forecasted oil and natural gas price estimates, forecasted operating costs, required forecasted future development costs or recovery rates may change the economic status of reserves and may result in revisions to reserves estimates. Discounted future cash flow models consider development plans approved by Management and reasonable assumptions that a market participant would apply in establishing a development plan for the assets.
Forecasted oil and natural gas prices: Forecasted product pricing estimates are used in the discounted future cash flow models. These prices are adjusted for consideration stipulated in contracts with customers. Commodity prices have experienced increased volatility in recent years due to global and regional factors including supply and demand fundamentals, inventory levels, expected future demand, economic and geopolitical factors.

TOUCHSTONE
2024 Consolidated Financial Statements
24

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Forecasted royalty, operating, general and administration and income tax expenses: Estimates of these inputs are based on historical results and estimates regarding inflation over the forecast periods. Forecasted income tax calculations are based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted for the appropriate cash flow streams.
Forecasted future development costs and inflation rates: Forecasted future development costs are estimated based on expected future costs of wells and facilities and estimates regarding inflation over the forecast periods. There also exists uncertainty regarding the estimated timing of capital projects, as the Company has significant development opportunities in several properties, and the ultimate pace of development is controlled to meet future capital expenditure and liquidity targets.
Discount rate: The discount rates used to calculate the net present value of future cash flows are based on estimates of an approximate industry peer group weighted average cost of capital as appropriate for each CGU being tested. Changes in the general economic environment could result in significant changes to this estimate.

Depletion of petroleum and natural gas development assets

Depletion of petroleum and natural gas development assets is determined based on proved plus probable reserves as well as forecasted future development costs estimated by the Company's independent qualified reserves evaluator.

Business Combinations

Management judgment may be required to identify one of the combining entities as the acquirer for accounting purposes and then to determine the fair value of the acquired entity. The determination of fair value is estimated based on information available at the date of acquisition and requires Management to make assumptions and estimates about future events. The assumptions and estimates with respect to determining the fair value of PP&E and E&E assets using a fair value less cost of disposal model generally require significant judgment and include forward price estimates of petroleum and natural gas, volume of proved plus probable reserves and associated assumptions, including future production costs, required capital investments, reserve life and discount rate. Assumptions are also required to determine the fair value of the decommissioning liabilities associated with the assets, the ROU assets and associated lease obligations and other deferred liabilities.

Changes in any of the assumptions or estimates used in determining the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities could impact the amounts assigned to assets, liabilities, and goodwill (or net assets acquired in excess of purchase consideration). Future comprehensive income will be affected as the fair value on initial recognition impacts future depletion and depreciation expenses, non-financial asset impairment expenses or reversals, or goodwill impairment expenses.

Exploration and evaluation assets

E&E assets remain capitalized as long as sufficient progress is being made in assessing whether the recovery of petroleum and natural gas products is technically feasible and commercially viable. Determining whether sufficient progress has been made is a judgemental area, and it is possible to have E&E assets classified as such for several years while activities are being conducted, or the Company is seeking regulatory and internal approvals for development plans. E&E assets are subject to ongoing Management review to confirm the intent to establish technical feasibility and commercial viability of a discovery. This assessment includes many changing factors, including reserves, project economics, expected capital expenditures and production costs, access to infrastructure, obtaining and the timing of receiving required regulatory approvals, and potential infrastructure construction and expansions. Furthermore, the transfer of E&E assets to PP&E is based on Management's judgement of technical feasibility and commercial viability.

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Decommissioning liabilities

The provision for abandonment and reclamation obligations associated with Touchstone's E&E and PP&E assets is based on numerous assumptions and judgements, including ultimate remediation plans, settlement amounts, historical third-party production data, inflation factors, risk-free discount rates, timing of settlement and changes in the applicable legal and regulatory environments. Actual costs and timing of cash outflows could differ from estimates because of changes in laws and regulations and market conditions. Additionally, further discovery, analysis of site conditions, and changes in technology could also cause estimates to differ from actual costs.

Lease arrangements

Management applies judgment in reviewing each of its contractual arrangements to determine whether they contain a lease. Leases that are recognized are subject to further Management judgment and estimation in various areas specific to the contractual arrangements, including lease terms and discount rates. In determining the lease term to be recognized, Management considers all facts and circumstances that create an economic incentive to exercise an extension option or not to exercise a termination option. Where the discount rate implicit in a lease cannot be readily determined, the rate is estimated using Touchstone's incremental borrowing rate. This represents the rate that the Company would incur to obtain the funds necessary to purchase an asset of a similar value, with comparable payment terms and security in a similar economic environment.

Provisions and contingent liabilities

The determination of provisions and disclosure of contingent liabilities involves Management judgements about the probability of outcomes of future events and estimates on timing and amount of expected future cash flows. Such disclosure could relate to predicted outcomes of ongoing legal matters, ongoing or completed asset dispositions, and current regulatory processes.

Share-based compensation

Compensation expense recognized for Touchstone's equity-settled stock option plan is measured using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The measurement inputs to this model, including expected volatility, weighted average expected life of the stock options, expected dividend yield, risk-free interest rate (based on Government of Canada bonds) and expected forfeitures, rely on Management's judgements. Forfeitures are estimated through the vesting period based on past experience and future expectations and are adjusted upon actual vesting and forfeitures.

Compensation expense accrued for PSUs awarded under Touchstone's share-based compensation plan is dependent on an adjustment to the final number of PSU awards that eventually vest based on a performance multiplier that is estimated by Management. Large fluctuations in compensation expense may occur due to changes in the underlying common share price or revised Management estimates of relevant performance factors.

Income taxes

Accounting for income taxes is a complex process requiring Management to interpret frequently changing laws and regulations and make judgments relating to the application of tax law, the estimated timing of temporary difference reversals, and the estimated realization of income tax assets. Income tax filings are subject to subsequent government audits and reassessments and changes in facts, circumstances, and interpretations of the standards may result in a material change in the Company's provision for income taxes.

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

6. Financial Assets and Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk of a financial loss to the Company if a partner or counterparty to a product sales contract, financial instrument, jointly controlled operation or other financial transaction fails to meet its contractual obligations. As at December 31, 2024, Touchstone was exposed to credit risk with respect to its finance lease receivable (included in other assets on the balance sheet) and accounts receivable balances.

The credit risk associated with Touchstone's $233,000 aggregate finance lease receivable balance as at December 31, 2024 is considered negligible as the assets are secured by the underlying equipment, with ownership transferring to the counterparty subsequent to receipt of the final lease payment in February 2026 (refer to Note 10).

Credit risk is considered to be low for the Company's accounts receivable, as Touchstone's credit exposure typically pertains to monthly commodity sales and joint interest billings due from Trinidad government owned petroleum and natural gas entities, and value added taxes ("VAT") due from the Trinidad government. Petroleum and natural gas billings are typically collected within one month of production, with approximately 31 percent of the Company's credit exposure as at December 31, 2024 attributed to accrued revenue for December 2024 production volumes. Joint interest billings are typically collected within one to two months following invoicing.

The following tables disclose the composition and aging of Touchstone's accounts receivable balance as at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

($000's)	December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Composition
Petroleum and natural gas sales	4,334	6,424
Joint interest billings	806	702
VAT	7,678	5,058
Other	987	668
Accounts receivable balance	13,805	12,852
Aging
Current (less than 30 days)	6,045	7,880
31-60 days	539	302
61-90 days	556	308
Past due (greater than 90 days)	6,665	4,362
Accounts receivable balance	13,805	12,852

As at December 31, 2024 and 2023, Touchstone determined that the average expected credit loss on its accounts receivables was $nil. The Company believes that the accounts receivable balances that are past due are collectible, as they solely represent VAT amounts due from the Trinidad government. Although the timing of settlement is uncertain, Touchstone has not historically experienced any collection issues.

Subsequent to December 31, 2024, $666,000 in past due VAT receivable was collected and the Trinidad government issued the Company an aggregate $2,955,000 in bonds in lieu of VAT payments that may be sold after July 31, 2025.

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

7. Exploration and Evaluation Assets

($000's)	Year ended December 31,
	2024	2023
Balance, beginning of year	5,030	51,352
Additions	1,046	18,199
Net transfers to PP&E (Note 8)	-	(31,803)
Impairment expense (Note 9)	(2,311)	(32,747)
Effect of change in foreign exchange rates	(22)	29
Balance, end of year	3,743	5,030

During the year ended December 31, 2024, no direct and attributable overhead charges were capitalized to E&E assets (2023 - $656,000).

Transfer to PP&E

Upon first production in September 2023, the Company transferred $32,204,000 of E&E costs related to its Cascadura CGU to PP&E. Immediately prior to transferring the asset to PP&E, Touchstone performed the required impairment test and determined that the recoverable amount of the asset exceeded its carrying value, resulting in no impairment expense recognized.

Disposition

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company disposed of its non-operated interest in a previously impaired non-core property with the third-party operator for the counterparty's assumption of approximately $779,000 in decommissioning and accrued liabilities. The transaction resulted in a $779,000 gain on asset disposition recorded during the year ended December 31, 2024.

8. Property, Plant and Equipment

($000's)	Petroleum and natural gas development assets	Right-of-use assets	Corporate assets	Total
Cost
Balance, January 1, 2023	153,699	2,937	2,355	158,991
Additions	1,079	2,934	273	4,286
Transfer from (to) E&E assets (Note 7)	32,204	(401)	-	31,803
Change in decommissioning asset (Note 14)	(269)	-	-	(269)
Reclassified as assets held for sale	(677)	-	-	(677)
Foreign exchange translation	810	22	69	901
Balance, December 31, 2023	186,846	5,492	2,697	195,035
Additions	21,256	2,930	1,449	25,635
Transfers within PP&E	1,283	(1,283)	-	-
Change in decommissioning asset (Note 14)	97	-	-	97
Acquisitions	356	-	-	356
Dispositions	(1,085)	-	-	(1,085)
Foreign exchange translation	(1,272)	(40)	(187)	(1,499)
Balance, December 31, 2024	207,481	7,099	3,959	218,539

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

($000's)	Petroleum and natural gas development assets	Right-of-use assets	Corporate assets	Total
Accumulated depletion, depreciation and impairment
Balance, January 1, 2023	89,435	480	1,914	91,829
Depletion and depreciation	5,595	241	173	6,009
Impairment reversal (Note 9)	(11,326)	-	-	(11,326)
Foreign exchange translation	325	5	45	375
Balance, December 31, 2023	84,029	726	2,132	86,887
Depletion and depreciation	8,245	1,020	236	9,501
Impairment expense (Note 9)	337	-	-	337
Foreign exchange translation	(392)	(18)	(158)	(568)
Balance, December 31, 2024	92,219	1,728	2,210	96,157
Carrying amounts
Balance, December 31, 2023	102,817	4,766	565	108,148
Balance, December 31, 2024	115,262	5,371	1,749	122,382

$167,989,000 of future development costs were included in petroleum and natural gas development asset cost bases for depletion calculation purposes for the year ended December 31, 2024 (2023 - $105,252,000).

During the year ended December 31, 2024, $532,000 of direct and attributable overhead charges were capitalized to PP&E (2023 - $309,000).

Acquisition

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company closed an asset swap transaction with a third party. Touchstone swapped its 100 percent working interest in a non-core privately leased property for the counterparty's 100 percent working interest in an operating agreement with Heritage governing the Balata East block. The acquisition was not considered a business combination under IFRS 3 Business Combinations.

The Company recognized a $1,434,000 gain on acquisition during the year ended December 31, 2024, which represented the excess of the total identifiable net assets acquired over the net liabilities of the assets disposed as set forth in the following table.

($000's)
Net assets acquired
Petroleum and natural gas development assets	356
Abandonment fund (Note 14)	11
Decommissioning liabilities (Note 14)	(130)
Total identifiable net assets acquired	237
Gain on acquisition	(1,434)
	(1,197)
Consideration
Petroleum and natural gas development assets	675
Decommissioning liabilities (Note 14)	(1,872)
Total consideration	(1,197)

Disposition

During the year ended December 31, 2024, Touchstone disposed of its working interest in the CO-2 operating agreement with Heritage for aggregate consideration of approximately $1,066,000. The transaction resulted in a pre-tax impairment expense of $474,000 and no gain or loss on disposition.

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Private lease agreements

Touchstone is operating under a number of private lease agreements which have expired and are currently being renewed. Based on legal opinions received, the Company is continuing to recognize petroleum and natural gas sales on the producing properties because the Company is the operator, is paying all associated royalties and income taxes, and no title to the producing properties have been disputed. The continuation of production from expired private leases during the renegotiation process is common in Trinidad based on antiquated land title processes. During the year ended December 31, 2024, production volumes produced under expired private lease agreements represented 0.5 percent of annual Company production (2023 - 1.3 percent).

9. Impairment

Exploration and evaluation assets

E&E asset impairment expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 by operating area are disclosed in the following table.

Operating Area ($000's)	Year ended December 31,
	2024	2023
Cory Moruga	(63)	66
Ortoire	2,385	32,649
E&E asset impairment expense	2,322	32,715

Touchstone recognized an impairment reversal of $63,000 primarily related to decommissioning asset changes in the Cory Moruga operating area (2023 - expense of $66,000). The Company's non-operated interest in the Cory Moruga licence was disposed during the year ended December 31, 2024 (refer to Note 7).

The Company concluded that there were indicators of impairment within the Ortoire E&E asset operating area as at December 31, 2024 as a result of aligning future exploration activities with the Company's long-term priorities. The Company performed an impairment test that concluded that the recoverable amount of the asset was not sufficient to support its carrying value, which resulted in a pre-tax impairment expense of $2,385,000 recorded at December 31, 2024.

As a result of allocating future capital spending and the results of production tests which deemed the Royston-1X well uneconomic, indicators of impairment were noted within the Ortoire E&E asset area as at December 31, 2023. The Company performed an impairment test that concluded that the recoverable amount of the asset was not sufficient to support its carrying value, which resulted in an aggregate pre-tax impairment expense of $32,649,000 recorded at December 31, 2023.

Property, plant and equipment

The following table discloses PP&E impairment expense (reversal) recorded during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 by CGU.

CGU ($000's)	Year ended December 31,
	2024	2023
Coho	(137)	143
CO-1/CO-2	474	(13,865)
Fyzabad	-	2,270
PP&E asset impairment expense (reversal)	337	(11,452)

During the year ended December 31, 2024, Touchstone disposed of its working interest in the CO-2 operating agreement to a third-party. A pre-tax impairment expense of $474,000 was recorded

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

during the year ended December 31, 2024, as the fair value of the property's associated net assets was not sufficient to support their fair value less cost of disposal.

At December 31, 2024, the Company identified indicators of impairment related to its Cascadura and Coho natural gas development asset CGUs due to material decreases in assigned reserves volumes. Based on the results of impairment tests conducted, the recoverable amounts of each CGU were greater than their corresponding carrying values. The impairment tests conducted at December 31, 2024 for the respective CGUs concluded the following recoverable amounts and resulting pre-tax impairment reversal recorded during the year ended December 31, 2024.

CGU ($000's)	Carrying value(1)	Recoverable amount	Impairment reversal
Cascadura	33,464	110,531	-
Coho	2,983	4,322	137

Note:
(1) Net of associated deferred income tax liabilities.

Calculating CGU recoverable amounts involves several assumptions and estimates which are subject to estimation uncertainty, as well as a significant degree of judgement. The estimated recoverable amounts as of December 31, 2024 were determined using value in use calculations incorporating discounted after-tax cash flows of proved plus probable reserves using forward natural gas and associated liquids prices and cost estimates as assessed by the Company's independent qualified reserves evaluator. Discounted future cash flows for each CGU were determined by applying a 20 percent after-tax discount rate (approximately 53 percent pre-tax discount rate).

At December 31, 2024, the recoverable amounts of the two CGUs were calculated using the following forward benchmark commodity prices adjusted for commodity differentials specific to the CGU as estimated by the Company's independent qualified reserves evaluator effective January 1, 2024. The prices and costs subsequent to 2025 were adjusted for inflation at an annual rate of 2 percent to the end of the CGUs reserves life.

	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029	2030	2031	2032	2033	2034
Brent crude oil ($/bbl)	75.58	78.51	79.89	81.82	83.46	85.13	86.83	88.57	90.31	92.08
Henry Hub natural gas ($/MMBtu)	3.31	3.73	3.85	3.93	4.01	4.09	4.17	4.26	4.34	4.43

The value in use calculations used to determine the recoverable amounts of Touchstone's CGUs at December 31, 2024 were classified as Level 3 fair value measurements as certain key assumptions were not based on observable market data, but rather, Management's best estimates. Changes in any of the key judgments, such as a revision in reserves, changes in forecasted commodity prices and inflation rates, operating costs, future development costs, or the discount rate would impact the estimated recoverable amounts, and any resulting change in impairment would affect comprehensive income. An increase or decrease in the discount rate by 1 percent or commodity prices by 10 percent would not affect the $137,000 pre-tax impairment reversal recorded as at December 31, 2024.

At December 31, 2023, the Company identified indicators of impairment for three petroleum and natural gas development asset CGUs due to decreases in assigned reserves volumes. Based on the results of impairment tests conducted, the recoverable amounts for the Coho and Fyzabad CGUs were not sufficient to support their carrying values, and the recoverable amount of the CO-1/CO-2 CGU was greater than its carrying value. As a result, Touchstone recognized an aggregate pre-tax impairment expense of $2,413,000 related to the Coho and Fyzabad CGUs and a pre-tax

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

impairment reversal of $13,865,000 associated with the CO-1/CO-2 CGU at December 31, 2023. In addition, the Company recorded an impairment expense of $126,000 related to slow moving oilfield capital inventory not assigned to a specific CGU at December 31, 2023.

The impairment tests conducted at December 31, 2023 for the respective CGUs concluded the following recoverable amounts and resulting pre-tax impairment expenses and reversals recorded during the year ended December 31, 2023.

CGU ($000's)	Carrying value(1)	Recoverable amount	Impairment expense (reversal)
Coho	3,734	3,669	143
CO-1/CO-2	6,582	12,821	(13,865)
Fyzabad	2,051	1,029	2,270

Note:
(1) Net of associated deferred income tax liabilities.

The estimated recoverable amounts as of December 31, 2023 were determined using value in use calculations incorporating discounted after-tax cash flows of proved plus probable reserves using forward crude oil and natural gas prices and cost estimates as assessed by the Company's independent qualified reserves evaluator. Discounted future cash flows for each CGU were determined by applying a 20 percent after-tax discount rate (approximately 57 percent pre-tax discount rate).

The following table details the forward prices used in estimating the recoverable amount of each CGU as at December 31, 2023.

	2024	2025	2026	2027	2028	2029	2030	2031	2032	2033
Brent crude oil ($/bbl)	78.00	79.18	80.36	81.79	83.41	85.09	86.79	88.52	90.29	92.10
Henry Hub natural gas ($/MMBtu)	2.75	3.64	4.02	4.10	4.18	4.27	4.35	4.44	4.53	4.62

The following table demonstrates the sensitivity of the pre-tax impairment amounts by CGU to possible changes in key assumptions inherent in the December 31, 2023 impairment tests.

CGU ($000's)	Decrease in discount rate of 1%	Increase in discount rate of 1%	Increase in commodity price of 10%	Decrease in commodity price of 10%
Coho	(143)	382	(143)	627
CO-1/CO-2	(644)	1,212	(644)	8,289
Fyzabad	(49)	47	(342)	651
(Decrease) increase in impairment expense / reversal	(836)	1,641	(1,129)	9,567

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements
32

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

10. Other Assets

The following table sets forth the components of other assets as at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

($000's)	December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Non-current prepaid deposits	38	39
Finance lease receivable	70	295
Other assets balance	108	334

Touchstone is the lessor in an arrangement to lease oilfield service rigs to a third-party service provider through February 2026. The Company continues to hold title to the assets until all principal payments have been collected. The lease arrangements was classified as a finance lease, as substantially all of the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the underlying assets are held by the lessee.

The following table details the movements of the Company's finance lease receivable during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

($000's)	Year ended December 31,
	2024	2023
Balance, beginning of year	350	534
Interest income	26	43
Payments received	(192)	(228)
Lease modification	50	-
Effect of change in foreign exchange rates	(1)	1
Balance, end of year	233	350
Current (included in accounts receivable)	163	55
Non-current (included in other assets)	70	295
Finance lease receivable balance	233	350

11. Financial Liabilities and Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they come due. Touchstone actively manages its liquidity risk through cash and debt management strategies such as continuously monitoring actual and forecasted cash and working capital balances and cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities, ensuing compliance with bank debt covenants, and seeking opportunities to expand its existing bank debt or to issue additional equity (refer to Note 1).

At December 31, 2024, the Company had a working capital deficiency based on increased capital investments throughout 2024, primarily relating to expenditures on infrastructure and development wells that were placed on production in November 2024.

The Company's principle near-term development plan is focused on increasing cash flow generation via development activities. The Company will take a measured approach to future developmental and exploration capital expenditures to manage financial liquidity while proceeding with this plan. Touchstone will continue to actively monitor its liquidity to ensure that cash flows, bank debt capacity and working capital are adequate to support current and future financial liabilities, as well as the Company's near-term capital programs and future work commitments.

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

The following table sets forth estimated undiscounted cash outflows and financial maturities of Touchstone's financial liabilities as at December 31, 2024.

($000's)	Undiscounted cash outflows(1)	Financial maturity by period
		Less than 1 year	1 to 3 years	Thereafter
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(2)	14,373	14,373	-	-
Income taxes payable (Note 21)	6	6	-	-
Lease liabilities(3) (Note 12)	7,283	2,361	3,429	1,493
Bank debt(3)(4) (Note 13)	39,314	9,675	25,690	3,949
Share-based compensation liabilities(5) (Note 19)	500	383	117	-
Total financial liabilities	61,476	26,798	29,236	5,442

Notes:
(1) The undiscounted cash outflows equal their carrying values, with the exception of lease liabilities and bank debt.
(2) Excludes the current portion of lease liabilities and share-based compensation liabilities.
(3) Includes the notional interest and principal payments.
(4) Future interest payments are based on current interest rates, where two of the Company's three loan facility interest rates are reset on an annual basis (refer to Note 13).
(5) Accrued obligations associated with share-based compensation expected to be settled in cash.

Refer to Note 13 "Bank Debt", Note 23 "Capital Management" and Note 24 "Commitments and Contingencies" for further details regarding the Company's debt structure and capital management objectives and policies.

12. Lease Liabilities

Touchstone is a party to lease arrangements for a drilling rig, office facilities, vehicles and equipment. Lease agreements are negotiated on an individual basis and contain a wide range of varying terms and conditions. The Company's lease arrangements are effective from periods of two to eight years but may have extension options. Discount rates used in calculating the present values of lease payments during the year ended December 31, 2024 were between 5 and 10 percent. The following table provides a continuity of the Company's lease liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

($000's)	Year ended December 31,
	2024	2023
Balance, beginning of year	4,328	2,255
Additions	2,930	2,934
Interest expense	415	287
Repayments	(1,775)	(1,164)
Effect of change in foreign exchange rates	(32)	16
Balance, end of year	5,866	4,328
Current (included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities)	1,498	1,440
Non-current	4,368	2,888
Lease liabilities balance	5,866	4,328

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company extended a drilling services contract through October 6, 2026 wherein Touchstone is required to utilize a drilling rig for a minimum of 120 days per annum over the additional two-year term. The Company recognized a $2,930,000 lease liability and associated ROU asset in connection with the lease arrangement.

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

The following table details the undiscounted cash flows which include both principal and interest components of the Company's lease liabilities as at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

($000's)	December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Less than one year	2,361	1,746
1 to 3 years	3,429	1,634
Thereafter	1,493	2,224
Undiscounted cash flows related to lease liabilities	7,283	5,604

Payments recognized in the financial statements relating to short-term leases and leases of low-value assets for the year ended December 31, 2024 were $67,000 (2023 - $441,000). The arrangements primarily consisted of leases for motor vehicles and well service equipment, which were recognized in operating expenses in the statements of income. Variable lease payments of $181,000 not included in the calculation of the Company's lease liabilities during the year ended December 31, 2024 were recognized in general and administration expense in the statements of income (2023 - $126,000).

13. Bank Debt

On April 18, 2024, the Company and its Trinidad based lender executed a Third Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, providing for an additional $10 million five-year non-revolving term loan facility ("term loan facility 2") and an increase to the existing revolving loan facility borrowing capacity from $7 million to $10 million. As at December 31, 2024, the Company had $35,000,000 in aggregate principal bank debt outstanding, with $7,250,000 classified as short term on the consolidated balance sheet (2023 - $28,000,000 and $13,000,000, respectively). As at December 31, 2024, the Company had no available credit capacity.

Term loan facility 1

The Loan Agreement did not change the terms of the Company's original June 15, 2022 term loan facility ("term loan facility 1"). The facility matures on June 15, 2027 and bears a fixed interest rate of 7.85 percent per annum, compounded and payable quarterly. As at December 31, 2024, the principal balance of term loan facility 1 was $15,000,000, with ten equal and consecutive quarterly principal payments of $1,500,000 outstanding.

Term loan facility 2

The Company withdrew the full amount of the $10,000,000 term loan facility 2 on May 1, 2024. The facility was measured at amortised cost, with the associated financing fees of $253,000 unwound using the effective interest rate method to the face value at maturity. The facility matures on April 30, 2029, and bears an interest rate of 7.49 percent through April 2025 which is reset on an annual basis. As at December 31, 2024, the principal balance of the term loan facility was $10,000,000, with sixteen equal and consecutive quarterly principal payments of $625,000 payable from July 31, 2025 through April 30, 2029.

Revolving loan facility

The Loan Agreement extended the revolving loan facility by a two-year period through May 31, 2026. The facility may be renewed by additional two-year periods by agreement between the parties. The revolving loan bears interest at a rate of 7.23 percent through May 2025 and is reset annually. Outstanding principal may be repaid at any time, on or before the maturity date without penalty and any amounts repaid may be redrawn at any time. The full $10,000,000 revolving loan facility was drawn as of December 31, 2024 (2023 - $7,000,000).

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

The following table details the movements of the Company's bank debt balance for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

($000's)	Term loan facility 1	Term loan facility 2	Revolving loan facility	Bank debt
Balance, January 1, 2023	26,962	-	-	26,962
Advances	-	-	7,000	7,000
Repayments	(6,000)	-	-	(6,000)
Accretion	15	-	-	15
Balance, December 31, 2023	20,977	-	7,000	27,977
Advances, net of fees	-	9,747	6,000	15,747
Repayments	(6,000)	-	(3,000)	(9,000)
Accretion	16	51	-	67
Balance, December 31, 2024	14,993	9,798	10,000	34,791
Current	6,000	1,250	-	7,250
Non-current	8,993	8,548	10,000	27,541
Bank debt balance	14,993	9,798	10,000	34,791

Touchstone's bank debt is principally secured by a pledge of equity interests and fixed and floating security interests over all present and after acquired assets of its two Trinidad exploration and production subsidiaries. The Loan Agreement contains industry standard representations and warranties, undertakings, events of default, and the following financial covenants, which are applicable on a consolidated basis and evaluated on an annual basis.

Financial covenant description	Limit	Year ended December 31, 2024
Net senior funded debt(1) to trailing annual EBIDA(2)	3.00 times	1.27
Net senior funded debt to book value of equity(3)	0.70 times	0.24
Debt service coverage(4)	Minimum of 1.75 times	2.23

Notes:
(1) "Net senior funded debt" is defined in the Loan Agreement as all obligations for senior secured and unsecured borrowed money which bear interest less restricted and unrestricted cash balances. Lease liabilities are excluded from the calculation of net senior funded debt.
(2) "EBIDA" is defined in the Loan Agreement as earnings (loss) before interest expenses, all non-cash items including depreciation and impairments, and gains and losses attributable to extraordinary and non-recurring items.
(3) "Book value of equity" is defined in the Loan Agreement as shareholders' capital, contributed surplus and retained earnings or deficit excluding increases and decreases in retained earnings from E&E asset and PP&E impairments or reversals and excluding payments of dividends.
(4) "Debt service coverage" is defined in the Loan Agreement as the ratio of trailing annual EBIDA to the aggregate bank debt interest expense due for the future annual period and scheduled principal payments in respect of outstanding bank debt principal for the future annual period.

As at December 31, 2024, the Company was compliant with all covenants provided for in the Loan Agreement.

Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, Touchstone must at all times maintain a cash reserves balance of not less than the equivalent of two subsequent quarterly interest payments related to the term loan facilities. Accordingly, the Company classified $924,000 of cash as non-current restricted cash as at December 31, 2024 (2023 - $785,000).

14. Decommissioning Liabilities and Abandonment Fund

Touchstone's decommissioning liabilities were calculated by Management based on the Company's net ownership interest in all wells, pipelines and facilities, estimated costs to reclaim and abandon these wells, pipelines and facilities, and the estimated timing of the costs to be incurred in future periods. Payments to settle the obligations occur over the operating lives of the underlying assets forecasted to be from nine to sixteen years, with the majority of the costs estimated to be incurred

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

subsequent to 2031. The liabilities are expected to be financed from the related abandonment funds and the Company's internal resources available at the time of settlement.

Pursuant to Heritage and MEEI production and exploration licences and agreements, the Company is obligated to remit payments into various abandonment funds based on production. Touchstone remits $0.25 per barrel equivalent of products sold, and the funds shall be used for the future abandonment of wells in the related licenced area. As at December 31, 2024, the Company classified $2,965,000 of accrued or paid fund contributions as non-current abandonment fund assets (2023 - $2,081,000).

The Company has estimated the net present value of the cash flows required to settle its decommissioning liabilities to be $9,985,000 at December 31, 2024 based on an inflation adjusted undiscounted future liability of $15,197,000 (2023 - $9,733,000 and $14,910,000, respectively). Decommissioning liabilities were estimated as at December 31, 2024 using a weighted average long-term risk-free rate of 5.5 percent and a long-term inflation rate of 1.9 percent (2023 - 5.3 percent and 2.1 percent, respectively). The following table summarizes the movements of Touchstone's estimated decommissioning liability provision during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

($000's)	Year ended December 31,
	2024	2023
Balance, beginning of year	9,733	11,182
Liabilities incurred from development activities	407	480
Liabilities acquired (Note 8)	130	-
Liabilities settled	(19)	(18)
Accretion expense	226	257
Revisions to estimates	(282)	(317)
Dispositions (Notes 7 and 8)	(166)	(1,898)
Effect of change in foreign exchange rates	(44)	47
Balance, end of year	9,985	9,733

15. Shareholders' Capital

Issued and outstanding common shares

The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of voting common shares without nominal or par value. The holders of the common shares are entitled to one vote in respect of each common share held at all meetings of shareholders and the rights to any dividends declared. The following table summarizes changes in common shares outstanding and shareholders' capital for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

	Number of shares outstanding	Shareholders' capital ($000's)
Balance, January 1, 2023	233,037,226	114,635
Issued under share-based compensation plans	1,175,500	330
Balance, December 31, 2023	234,212,726	114,965
Issued under share-based compensation plans	2,247,935	645
Balance, December 31, 2024	236,460,661	115,610

For the year ended December 31, 2024, a total of 2,247,935 stock options were exercised for total proceeds of $415,000 (2023 - 1,175,500 stock options were exercised for total proceeds of $210,000). $230,000 of contributed surplus related to the stock options exercised was transferred to shareholder's capital during the year ended December 31, 2024 (2023 - $120,000).

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements
37

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Weighted average common shares

The following table sets forth the details of weighted average common shares used in calculating net earnings (loss) per common share during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

	Year ended December 31,
	2024	2023
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic	235,508,553	233,487,066
Dilutive impact of share-based compensation plans	983,561	-
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted	236,492,114	233,487,066

For the year ended December 31, 2024, 9.7 million share-based compensation awards were excluded from the diluted weighted average shares calculation, as they were anti-dilutive (2023 - 10 million).

16. Petroleum and Natural Gas Sales

Touchstone derives its primary revenue from contracts with Trinidad government-owned entities through the transfer of commodities invoiced at the end of each month. The following table sets forth petroleum and natural gas sales by major product type for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

($000's)	Year ended December 31,
	2024	2023
Crude oil	30,317	29,232
Natural gas liquids	3,331	5,434
Natural gas	23,822	13,432
Petroleum and natural gas sales	57,470	48,098

At December 31, 2024, accounts receivable from petroleum and natural gas sales were $4,334,000 related to December 2024 production (2023 - $6,424,000).

17. Net Finance Expense

($000's)	Year ended December 31,
	2024	2023
Interest income	(20)	(58)
Finance lease interest income (Note 10)	(26)	(43)
Lease liability interest expense (Note 12)	415	287
Bank debt interest expense (Note 13)	2,387	2,221
Financing expense	18	114
Accretion on decommissioning liabilities (Note 14)	226	257
Other	18	(325)
Net finance expense	3,018	2,453

18. Transaction Expense

In connection with the terminated acquisition of Trinity Exploration and Production Plc, Touchstone incurred $1,957,000 in transaction expenses during the year ended December 31, 2024.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, Touchstone incurred $66,000 in transaction costs pursuant to the Company's proposed acquisition (refer to Note 27).

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

19. Share-based Compensation Plans

Touchstone has a stock option plan (the "Legacy Stock Option Plan") pursuant to which options to purchase common shares of the Company were granted by the Board to directors, officers and employees of Touchstone. Touchstone adopted an omnibus incentive compensation plan in June 2023 (the "Omnibus Plan") which replaced the Legacy Stock Option Plan and was adopted to allow the Company to grant stock options, RSUs and PSUs to directors, officers, employees and consultants. The aggregate number of common shares reserved for issuance under the Legacy Stock Option Plan and the Omnibus Plan at any time is limited to 10 percent of the Company's issued and outstanding common shares.

Stock option plans

No additional stock options will be granted under the Legacy Stock Option Plan, and all outstanding stock options previously issued pursuant to the Legacy Stock Option Plan will continue to be governed by such plan and will continue to vest in accordance with their existing vesting schedules.

Unless otherwise determined by the Board, stock option vesting occurs one third on each of the next three anniversaries of the grant date as recipients render continuous service to the Company, and stock options expire five years from the grant date. The option holder has the right to exercise the options and purchase one common share per option at the original grant price. Equity-settled share-based compensation expense is recognized as the stock options vest.

The following table summarizes changes in outstanding stock options and the related weighted average exercise prices for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

	Number of stock options outstanding	Weighted average exercise price (C$)
Issued and outstanding, January 1, 2023	11,928,435	1.00
Granted	3,644,000	1.15
Exercised	(1,175,500)	0.24
Forfeited	(69,000)	1.42
Issued and outstanding, December 31, 2023	14,327,935	1.10
Exercised	(2,247,935)	0.25
Forfeited	(349,000)	1.52
Issued and outstanding, December 31, 2024	11,731,000	1.25
Exercisable, December 31, 2024	8,294,666	1.26

The following table sets forth outstanding stock options and their weighted average remaining life as at December 31, 2024.

Range of exercise price per common share (C$)	Number of stock options outstanding	Weighted average remaining term (years)	Number of stock options exercisable	Weighted average remaining term (years)
0.48	2,052,000	0.3	2,052,000	0.3
1.15 to 1.27	3,655,000	3.7	1,245,336	3.7
1.38 to 1.43	3,098,000	2.2	2,149,664	2.2
1.55 to 1.73	2,759,000	1.5	2,680,666	1.5
2.07	167,000	1.0	167,000	1.0
0.48 to 2.07	11,731,000	2.2	8,294,666	1.7

There were no stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2024. The weighted average fair value of stock options granted under the Omnibus Plan during the year ended December 31, 2023 was C$0.55 per option as estimated on the date of each grant using the Black-

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Scholes option pricing model. The weighted average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model to determine the fair value of the stock options granted for the year ended December 31, 2023 are set forth in the following table.

Assumption	Year ended December 31, 2023
Grant date share price (C$)	1.15
Exercise price (C$)	1.15
Risk-free interest rate (percent)	4.5
Expected life (years)	3.0
Volatility (percent)	69.0
Expected annual dividends (C$)	-
Expected forfeiture rate (percent)	5.0

Long-term incentive plans

Share awards plan

On July 12, 2024, the Company issued 1,447,780 RSUs and 1,397,780 PSUs under its Omnibus Plan to executive officers and key employees. The RSUs vest one third on each of the next three anniversaries of the grant date and the number of share awards are fixed. The PSUs vest on July 12, 2027 and the number of share awards are variable. Each award may, in the Board's sole discretion, entitle the holder to be issued the number of Company common shares designated in the award or receive a payment in cash. If paid in cash, the plan participant will receive a cash payment based on the fair value of the underlying common shares on the applicable vesting date. PSUs are subject to a performance multiplier. This multiplier, ranging from zero to 1.75, will be applied to the original PSU awards granted on vesting and is dependent on the performance of the Company relative to predefined corporate performance measures set by the Board over the three-year vesting period.

All RSUs and PSUs are currently accounted for as cash settled. The fair value of the share-based compensation liability is determined based on the Company's closing common share price on the financial reporting date and is recognized as the share awards vest in the statements of income. PSUs are also adjusted by an estimated payout multiplier. The amount of cash-settled share-based compensation expense is reduced by an estimated forfeiture rate on the grant date, which has been estimated at five percent of outstanding share awards. The forfeiture rate is adjusted to reflect the actual number of shares that vest.

Deferred share unit plan

The Company offers a DSU plan to non-employee directors. On July 12, 2024, the Company issued 977,332 DSUs to its non-employee directors. The DSUs fully vest on the grant date but are only available for redemption when the director ceases to be a member of the Board. Awards are settled in cash as determined by the value of the underlying common shares on the payment date and may be adjusted based on dividend equivalents from the grant date at the discretion of the Board. The fair value of the liability is determined based on the Company's closing common price on the financial reporting date in the statements of income.

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

The following table summarizes outstanding RSU, PSU and DSU awards for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

(number of awards)	RSUs	PSUs(1)	DSUs
Issued and outstanding, December 31, 2023	-	-	-
Granted	1,447,780	1,397,780	977,332
Issued and outstanding, December 31, 2024	1,447,780	1,397,780	977,332

Note:
(1) Based on the underlying awards before any effect of the performance multiplier.

Share-based compensation expense

The following table sets forth share-based compensation expense recorded in relation to issued awards pursuant to our share-based compensation plans for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

($000's)	Year ended December 31,
	2024	2023
Equity-settled compensation (stock options)	1,133	1,381
Cash-settled compensation (RSUs, PSUs and DSUs)	528	-
Capitalized expense	(72)	(138)
Share-based compensation expense	1,589	1,243

Share-based compensation liabilities

The following table sets forth share-based compensation liabilities pursuant to our share awards and DSU compensation plans for the year ended December 31, 2024.

($000's)	Year ended December 31, 2024
Balance, beginning of year	-
Liability incurred from grant of DSUs	429
Increase in liability related to RSUs and PSUs	253
Fair value adjustments	(154)
Effect of change in foreign exchange rates	(28)
Balance, end of year	500
Current (included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities)	383
Non-current	117
Share-based compensation liabilities balance	500

20. Other Expense

The Company filed an insurance claim relating to a crude oil spill that occurred in 2022. For the year ended December 31, 2023, Touchstone received aggregate insurance proceeds of $552,000 relating to the incident.

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

21. Income Taxes

The Trinidad statutory petroleum profit tax ("PPT") and unemployment levy for 2024 and 2023 were a combined rate of 55 percent of taxable income. The following table is a reconciliation of income tax (recovery) expense calculated by applying the applicable aggregate Trinidad statutory petroleum tax rate to net earnings (loss) before income tax expense.

($000's unless otherwise stated)	Year ended December 31,
	2024	2023
Earnings (loss) before income tax expense	6,028	(12,713)
Trinidad statutory combined petroleum income tax rate	55.0%	55.0%
Expected income tax expense (recovery) at statutory income tax rates	3,315	(6,992)
Effect on income tax resulting from:
Change in income tax assets not recognized	(8,006)	13,654
Income tax rate differential	(1,684)	428
Effect of change in foreign exchange rates and other	4,131	795
Income tax (recovery) expense	(2,244)	7,885

The Company's net deferred income tax liability relates to its Trinidad operational entities. The following table details the components of the net deferred income tax liability for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

($000's)	December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Deferred income tax liabilities
PP&E in excess of income tax basis	29,618	31,273
Other	67	241
Deferred income tax assets
Decommissioning liabilities	(636)	(683)
Lease liabilities	(2,734)	(1,747)
Non-capital losses	(1,575)	(304)
Intercompany interest	(6,816)	(7,347)
Net deferred income tax liability	17,924	21,433

The December 31, 2024 net deferred income tax liability decreased by $3,509,000 from December 31, 2023, with $104,000 and $3,405,000 of deferred income tax recoveries recognized though equity and comprehensive income, respectively (2023 - $97,000 and $6,779,000 of deferred income tax expense recognized through equity and comprehensive loss, respectively).

The following table sets forth the components of Touchstone's unrecognized deductible temporary differences as at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

($000's)	December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
E&E assets	(2,618)	(3,686)
PP&E	(26,817)	(14,399)
Loss carry forwards	122,531	126,354
Decommissioning liabilities	8,828	10,390
Other	2,435	9,293
Unrecognized deductible temporary differences	104,359	127,952

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

The following table sets forth the Company's estimated income tax losses as at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

($000's)	December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Trinidad PPT losses	44,178	40,596
Trinidad corporate tax losses	63	440
Canada non-capital losses	80,817	85,458

Trinidadian PPT losses and corporate tax losses may be carried forward indefinitely to reduce the taxes in future years. PPT losses can only be utilized to shelter a maximum of 75 percent of income subject to PPT per annum. A deferred income tax asset has not been recognized with respect to PPT losses in the amount of $41,028,000 and Trinidad corporate income tax losses of $63,000 as it was not considered probable that the benefit of the respective losses would be realized at December 31, 2024 (2023 - $40,215,000 and $60,000, respectively). Similarly, the benefit of the Canadian non-capital losses was not recognized as at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

The following table is a continuity schedule of the Company's current income tax payable for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

($000's)	Year ended December 31,
	2024	2023
Balance, beginning of year	240	1,014
Current income tax expense:
Petroleum profit tax / unemployment levy	7	526
Supplemental petroleum tax	-	234
Corporate income tax / other	1,154	346
Income tax payments	(1,399)	(1,880)
Income tax receipts	-	-
Effect of change in foreign exchange rates	4	-
Balance, end of year	6	240

The tax regulations and legislation and interpretations thereof in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates are continually changing. As a result, there are generally various income tax matters under review, and Touchstone believes that the provision for income taxes is adequate.

22. Financial Instruments and Market Risk Management

Financial instruments

As of December 31, 2024, the Company's financial instruments included cash, accounts receivable, restricted cash, finance lease receivable (included in other assets on the balance sheet), accounts payable and accrued liabilities, income taxes payable, lease liabilities and bank debt.

The carrying values of Touchstone's cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities and income taxes payable as of December 31, 2024 approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. There were no transfers between levels in the fair value hierarchy for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Market risk management

The Company is exposed to certain financial and market risks inherent in the international oil and natural gas industry including, but not limited to, commodity price risk, foreign exchange rate risk, interest rate risk, equity price risk, credit risk (refer to Note 6) and liquidity risk (refer to Note 11). The risk exposures are proactively reviewed by Touchstone, and Management seeks to mitigate these risks through various business processes and controls. Management of cash flow variability

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

is an integral component of the Company's business strategy. Changing business conditions are monitored regularly and, where material, reviewed with the Board to establish risk management guidelines to be used by Touchstone.

The following sensitivity analyses demonstrate the potential impact that a change in these market risk factors could have on the fair value of Touchstone's risk management contracts and subsequently the impact of comprehensive income. For the purposes of the sensitivity analyses, the effect of a variation in a particular variable is calculated independently of any change in another variable. In reality, changes in one factor may contribute to changes in another, which may magnify or counteract the sensitivities. The assumptions made to derive the changes in the relevant risk variables in each sensitivity analysis are based on Management's assessment of reasonably possible changes that could occur at December 31, 2024. The results of the sensitivity analyses should not be considered to be predictive of future performance.

Commodity price risk

Touchstone's operational and financial results are largely dependent on the commodity prices received from crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas production. Movements in crude oil and liquids pricing could have a significant positive or negative effect on the Company's comprehensive income and cash flows. Touchstone does not currently hedge this risk given that over 70 percent of its forecasted petroleum and natural gas sales is expected to be derived from natural gas production governed by a fixed price contract through October 2027. The Company will continue to monitor forward commodity prices and may enter future commodity-based risk management contracts to reduce the volatility of crude oil and liquids sales and protect future development and exploration capital programs.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, with all other variables held constant, a 10 percent increase or decrease in the realized pricing received from crude oil and liquids production volumes would have resulted in an approximate $575,000 increase or $1,418,000 decrease in comprehensive income, based on the effects of supplemental petroleum profit taxes (2023 - $166,000 decrease and $2,415,000 decrease, respectively).

Foreign currency risk

Foreign currency exchange risk arises from changes in foreign exchange rates that may affect the fair value or future cash flows of the Company's financial assets or liabilities. Touchstone's foreign currency policy is to monitor foreign currency risk exposure in its areas of operations and mitigate that risk where possible by matching foreign currency denominated expenses with petroleum and natural gas sales paid in foreign currencies. The Company attempts to limit its exposure to foreign currency risk through collecting and paying foreign currency denominated balances in a timely fashion. Touchstone does not hedge its foreign exchange risk.

As the Company operates in Trinidad, fluctuations in the exchange rate between the TT$ and the US$ could have a significant effect on financial results. Although the sales prices of crude oil and liquids production are determined by reference to US$ denominated benchmark prices, the majority of the invoices for such sales are paid in TT$, exposing Touchstone to foreign exchange risk. In addition, Touchstone has US$ denominated debt and related interest payments. These risks are currently mitigated by the fact that the TT$ is informally pegged to the US$ and all natural gas and natural gas liquids sales are denominated and payable in US$.

The Company has further foreign exchange exposure on cash balances denominated in C$ and pounds sterling, head office costs denominated and payable in C$, and costs denominated and payable in pounds sterling required to maintain its AIM listing. Any material movements in the C$ to US$ and the pound sterling to US$ exchange rates may result in unanticipated fluctuations or have a material effect on Touchstone's reporting results.

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

For the year ended December 31, 2024, with all other variables held constant, a 5 percent change in the C$ to US$ and TT$ to US$ exchange rates would have resulted in an approximate $100,000 increase or decrease in comprehensive income (2023 - $193,000). A 5 percent increase or decrease in the foreign exchange rates applicable to TT$, C$ and pounds sterling dollar-denominated receivables and payables would have resulted in an approximate $78,000 increase or decrease in comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2024 (2023 - $175,000).

Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk arises from changes in market interest rates that may affect comprehensive income and cash flows. The Company's term loan facility 2 and revolving loan facility are subject to interest rate risk given the applicable annual interest rates are reset on an annual basis based on the one-year term secured overnight financing rate. The current interest rates for the term loan facility 2 and the revolving facility are 7.49 percent and 7.23 percent, respectively.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, with all other variables held constant, a 50-basis point increase or decrease in the interest rates applicable to the Company's term loan facility 2 and revolving loan facility would have resulted in an approximate $32,000 decrease or increase in comprehensive income (2023 - $24,000).

Equity price risk

The Company is exposed to equity price risk on its own share price in relation to awards issued under its Omnibus Plan and DSU plan, which affects comprehensive income through the revaluation of awards that are accounted for as cash-settled transactions at each period-end. Changes in the Company's share price will result in an increase or decrease in the amount that Touchstone recognizes as share-based compensation expense and the amount Touchstone ultimately pays to settle the awards.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, with all other variables held constant, a C$0.05 increase or decrease in the Company's closing common share price would have resulted in an approximate $134,000 decrease or increase in comprehensive income. The Company had no cash-settled awards outstanding as at and during the year ended December 31, 2023.

23. Capital Management

Touchstone actively manages its capital structure and adjusts it in response to changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of its underlying assets. Touchstone considers its capital structure to include shareholders' equity, working capital and bank debt. Touchstone uses share equity and bank debt as its primary sources of capital.

Touchstone considers funds flow from operations to be a key measure of capital management and operating performance as it demonstrates the Company's ability to generate the funds necessary to finance capital expenditures and repay debt. Management believes that by excluding the temporary impact of changes in non-cash operating working capital, funds flow from operations provides a useful measure of the Company's ability to generate cash that is not subject to short-term movements in non-cash operating working capital.

Management monitors working capital, net debt and managed capital as part of the Company's capital structure to evaluate its true debt and liquidity position and to manage capital and liquidity risk. Working capital is calculated by subtracting current liabilities from current assets as they appear on the balance sheet. Net debt is calculated by summing the Company's working capital and the principal (undiscounted) non-current amount of senior secured debt and is most directly comparable to total liabilities disclosed in the Company's balance sheet. Management defines managed capital as the sum of net debt and shareholders' equity.

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

When evaluating the Company's capital structure, Management's long-term strategy is to maintain net debt to trailing twelve-month funds flow from operations at or below a ratio of 2.0 times in a normalized commodity price environment. This ratio may increase at certain times as a result of increased capital expenditures or low commodity prices. Touchstone also monitors its capital management through the net debt to managed capital ratio. The Company's strategy is to utilize more equity than debt, thereby targeting net debt to managed capital at a ratio of less than 0.4 to 1.

Touchstone's internal capital management calculations for years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are set forth in the following table.

($000's)	Target measure	December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
Current assets		(22,151)	(22,570)
Current liabilities		23,510	30,151
Working capital deficit		1,359	7,581
Principal balance of non-current bank debt		27,750	15,000
Net debt		29,109	22,581
Shareholders' equity		68,828	59,766
Managed capital		97,937	82,347
Annual funds flow from operations		16,748	13,730
Net debt to funds flow from operations ratio	At or < 2.0 times	1.74	1.64
Net debt to managed capital ratio	< 0.4 times	0.30	0.27

Working capital, net debt, managed capital, net debt to funds flow from operations ratio and net debt to managed capital ratio are considered non-IFRS capital management measures and ratios and therefore may not be comparable to calculations of similar measures presented by other entities.

24. Commitments and Contingencies

Touchstone has contractual obligations in the normal course of business which include minimum work obligations under various operating agreements with Heritage, exploration commitments pursuant to its exploration and production licences with the MEEI, and various lease commitments (refer to Note 12). The following table sets forth the Company's estimated minimum contractual payments as at December 31, 2024.

($000's)	Total	Estimated payments due by year
		2025	2026	2027	Thereafter
Operating agreements	19,506	8,664	1,838	4,762	4,242
Exploration agreements	61,186	1,762	11,716	11,920	35,788
Other commitments	530	252	187	73	18
Minimum payments	81,222	10,678	13,741	16,755	40,048

Pursuant to operating agreements with Heritage, the Company is obligated to fulfill minimum work commitments on an annual basis over each licence term. With respect to these obligations, Touchstone is required to drill six development wells prior to December 31, 2025.

As of December 31, 2024, Touchstone is obligated to drill an aggregate ten exploration wells on its exploration properties through 2029.

The Company may be involved in a limited number of legal claims arising in the normal course of operations. Such claims are not expected to have a material impact on Touchstone's results of operations or cash flows.

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

25. Related Parties

Touchstone has determined that the key management personnel of the Company is comprised of its directors and executive officers. The compensation of directors and executive officers is reviewed annually by the Board's independent Governance and Compensation Committee against industry practice for petroleum and natural gas companies of similar size and scope. The following table sets forth key management personnel compensation paid or payable during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

($000's)	Year ended December 31,
	2024	2023
Salaries and benefits included in general and administration expense	1,517	1,244
Director fees included in general and administration expense	405	381
Share-based compensation expense (Note 19)	1,177	886
Capitalized salaries, benefits and share-based compensation	44	107
Key management compensation	3,143	2,618

The Company's Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and its Trinidad-based director serve as independent board members of a separate Trinidad charitable entity established by Touchstone. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company donated $30,000 to the charitable entity (2023 - $16,000).

26. Supplemental Disclosures

Presentation in the statements of income

Touchstone's statements of income are prepared primarily by nature of item, with the exception of employee compensation expense which is included in both operating expense and general and administration expense line items. The following table details the amount of employee compensation expense included in operating and general and administration expense line items in the statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

($000's)	Year ended December 31,
	2024	2023
Operating expense	1,718	1,282
General and administration expense	4,484	4,552
Employee compensation expense	6,202	5,834

Presentation in the statements of cash flows

The following tables provide a breakdown of certain line items contained within the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Net change in non-cash working capital ($000's)	Year ended December 31,
	2024	2023
Source (use) of cash:
Accounts receivable	(953)	(5,365)
Inventory	6	38
Prepaid expenses	(753)	578
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	1,241	2,276
Income taxes payable	(234)	(774)
Transfer from (to) other assets	106	(22)
Transfer (from) to non-current other liabilities	(383)	836
Transfer from non-current lease liabilities	(25)	(557)
Foreign exchange on working capital balances	498	58
Net change in non-cash working capital	(497)	(2,932)

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Net change in non-cash working capital ($000's)	Year ended December 31,
	2024	2023
Related to:
Operating activities	(3,567)	(987)
Investing activities	2,964	(1,790)
Financing activities	106	(155)
Net change in non-cash working capital	(497)	(2,932)
Other non-cash items ($000's)	Year ended December 31,
---	---	---
	2024	2023
Lease modification (Note 10)	(50)	-
Accretion on bank debt (Note 13)	67	15
Accretion on decommissioning liabilities (Note 14)	226	257
Other	-	(352)
Other non-cash items	243	(80)

27. Subsequent Events

Proposed Acquisition

On December 12, 2024, the Company's wholly owned Trinidadian subsidiary signed a share purchase agreement to acquire 100 percent of a Trinidad private entity (the "Proposed Acquisition") from a third party. The entity holds a 65 percent operating working interest in the onshore Central Block exploration and production licence, as well as a gas processing plant in Trinidad, with Heritage holding the remaining 35 percent working interest.

Under the terms of the Proposed Acquisition, Touchstone will pay $23 million consideration in cash prior to adjustments for closing cash and abandonment fund balances. The Proposed Acquisition is contingent on customary regulatory approvals and conditions precedent, including securing the necessary funding. The Proposed Acquisition is effective January 1, 2025, and is expected to close in the second quarter of 2025.

As of the date hereof, the Company does not have sufficient information to disclose a preliminary purchase price allocation.

To finance the Proposed Acquisition, Touchstone and its lender are negotiating a binding term sheet providing for two additional six-year term loan facilities totalling $38.2 million. As of the date hereof, the lender is drafting a Fourth Amended and Restated Loan Agreement along with related security documents. Once finalized, the additional borrowing capacity is expected to take effect upon closing of the Proposed Acquisition.

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements

TOUCHSTONE

2024 Consolidated Financial Statements
49

Corporate Information

Directors

John D. Wright
Chair of the Board

Jenny Alfandary
Paul R. Baay
Priya Marajh
Kenneth R. McKinnon
Peter Nicol
Beverley Smith
Stanley T. Smith
Harrie Vredenburg

Corporate Secretary

Thomas E. Valentine

Officers and Senior Executives

Paul R. Baay
President and Chief Executive Officer

Scott Budau
Chief Financial Officer

Brian Hollingshead
Executive Vice President Engineering and Business Development

James Shipka
Executive Vice President Asset Development and HSE

Alex Sanchez
Vice President Production and Environment

Cayle Sorge
Vice President Finance

Head Office

Touchstone Exploration Inc.
4100, 350 7th Avenue SW
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
T2P 3N9

Registered Office

3700, 400 3rd Avenue SW
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
T2P 4H2

Operating Offices

Touchstone Exploration (Trinidad) Ltd.
Unit 416A, South Park Plaza
Tarouba Link Road
San Fernando, Trinidad, W.I.

Primera Oil and Gas Limited
14 Sydney Street
Rio Claro, Trinidad, W.I.

Stock Exchange Listings

Toronto Stock Exchange
London Stock Exchange AIM
Symbol: TXP

Banker

Republic Bank Limited
Port of Spain, Trinidad, W.I.

Auditor

KPMG LLP
Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Reserves Evaluator

GLJ Ltd.
Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Legal Counsel

Norton Rose Fulbright LLP
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
London, United Kingdom

Transfer Agent and Registrar

Odyssey Trust Company
Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Link Group
London, United Kingdom

UK Nominated Advisor and Joint Broker

Shore Capital
London, United Kingdom

UK Joint Broker

Canaccord Genuity
London, United Kingdom

UK Public Relations

FTI Consulting
London, United Kingdom

AI assistant

Touchstone Exploration Inc. — Audit Report / Information 2024

10573_rns_2025-03-20_be9dbdee-42c7-4ed1-a099-347e83acdfaf.pdf

Management's Report

Management's Responsibility for the Financial Statements

Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT

Opinion

Basis for Opinion

Material Uncertainty Related to Going Concern

Key Audit Matters

Assessment of the impact of estimated proved plus probable petroleum and natural gas reserves on property, plant and equipment ("PP&E")

Description of the matter

Why the matter is a key audit matter

How the matter was addressed in the audit

Other Information

Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Financial Statements

Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements

1. Nature of Business

Going Concern

2. Basis of Preparation

3. Summary of Material Accounting Policies

Basis of consolidation

Joint arrangements

Foreign currency translation

Financial instruments

Classification and measurement of financial instruments

Impairment of financial assets

Derecognition of financial liabilities

Fair value measurement

Business combinations

Exploration and evaluation assets

Property, plant and equipment

Impairment of non-financial assets

Property, plant and equipment

Exploration and evaluation assets

Assets held for sale

Dispositions

Lease arrangements

As lessee

As lessor

Bank debt

Provisions and contingent liabilities

Decommissioning liabilities

Revenue recognition

Share-based compensation plans

Income taxes

Per share information

4. Changes to Accounting Policies

New Accounting Policies

Future Accounting Pronouncements

5. Use of Estimates, Judgements and Assumptions

Climate reporting regulations

Financial instruments

Petroleum and natural gas reserves

Petroleum and natural gas investments

Determination of cash-generating units

Recoverability of asset carrying values

Depletion of petroleum and natural gas development assets

Business Combinations

Exploration and evaluation assets

Decommissioning liabilities

Lease arrangements

Provisions and contingent liabilities

Share-based compensation

Income taxes

6. Financial Assets and Credit Risk

7. Exploration and Evaluation Assets

Transfer to PP&E

Disposition

8. Property, Plant and Equipment

Acquisition

Disposition

Private lease agreements

9. Impairment

Exploration and evaluation assets

Property, plant and equipment

10. Other Assets

11. Financial Liabilities and Liquidity Risk

12. Lease Liabilities

Touchstone Exploration Inc. Audit Report / Information 2024