Texas Roadhouse, Inc.

Quarterly Report • Nov 1, 2024

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 24, 2024

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 000-50972

Texas Roadhouse, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant specified in its charter)

Delaware	​	20-1083890
(State or other jurisdiction of	​	(IRS Employer
incorporation or organization)	​	Identification Number)

6040 Dutchmans Lane

Louisville , Kentucky 40205

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

( 502 ) 426-9984

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

​	​	​
Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock , par value $0.001 per share	TXRH	NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer ☒	Smaller Reporting Company ☐
​	Emerging Growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of common stock outstanding were 66,714,069 on October 23, 2024.

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION	​	​
​	​	​
Item 1 — Financial Statements (Unaudited) — Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries	​	3
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets — September 24, 2024 and December 26, 2023	​	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income — For the 13 and 39 Weeks Ended September 24, 2024 and September 26, 2023	​	4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity — For the 13 and 39 Weeks Ended September 24, 2024 and September 26, 2023	​	5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — For the 39 Weeks Ended September 24, 2024 and September 26, 2023	​	7
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	​	8
Item 2 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	​	16
Item 3 — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	​	28
Item 4 — Controls and Procedures	​	28
​	​	​
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION	​	​
​	​	​
Item 1 — Legal Proceedings	​	29
Item 1A — Risk Factors	​	29
Item 2 — Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	​	29
Item 3 — Defaults Upon Senior Securities	​	29
Item 4 — Mine Safety Disclosures	​	29
Item 5 — Other Information	​	30
Item 6 — Exhibits	​	30
​	​	​
Signatures	​	31

2

Table of Contents

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATIO N

ITEM 1 — FINANCIAL STATEMENT S

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet s

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​		September 24, 2024			December 26, 2023
Assets	​	​	​	​	​	​
Current assets:	​	​	​	​	​	​
Cash and cash equivalents	​	$	189,205	​	$	104,246
Receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $ 13 at September 24, 2024 and $ 35 at December 26, 2023	​		52,341	​		175,474
Inventories, net	​		39,842	​		38,320
Prepaid income taxes	​		—	​		3,262
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	​		26,013	​		35,172
Total current assets	​		307,401	​		356,474
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $ 1,182,014 at September 24, 2024 and $ 1,078,855 at December 26, 2023	​		1,574,465	​		1,474,722
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	​	​	747,799	​	​	694,014
Goodwill	​		169,684	​		169,684
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $ 22,733 at September 24, 2024 and $ 20,929 at December 26, 2023	​		1,679	​		3,483
Other assets	​		112,787	​		94,999
Total assets	​	$	2,913,815	​	$	2,793,376
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	​	​	​	​	​	​
Current liabilities:	​	​	​	​	​	​
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	​	$	28,476	​	$	27,411
Accounts payable	​		130,850	​		131,638
Deferred revenue-gift cards	​		226,626	​		373,913
Accrued wages	​		88,698	​		68,062
Income taxes payable	​	​	2,775	​	​	112
Accrued taxes and licenses	​		49,158	​		42,758
Other accrued liabilities	​		100,981	​		101,540
Total current liabilities	​		627,564	​		745,434
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	​	​	802,576	​	​	743,476
Restricted stock and other deposits	​		9,468	​		8,893
Deferred tax liabilities, net	​		12,395	​		23,104
Other liabilities	​		138,568	​		114,958
Total liabilities	​		1,590,571	​		1,635,865
Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and subsidiaries stockholders’ equity:	​	​	​	​	​	​
Preferred stock ($ 0.001 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding)	​		—	​		—
Common stock ( $ 0.001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 66,713,823 and 66,789,464 shares issued and outstanding at September 24, 2024 and December 26, 2023, respectively)	​		67	​		67
Retained earnings	​		1,308,223	​		1,141,595
Total Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and subsidiaries stockholders’ equity	​		1,308,290	​		1,141,662
Noncontrolling interests	​		14,954	​		15,849
Total equity	​		1,323,244	​		1,157,511
Total liabilities and equity	​	$	2,913,815	​	$	2,793,376

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

Table of Contents

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income

(in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	13 Weeks Ended					​	39 Weeks Ended
​		September 24, 2024			September 26, 2023			September 24, 2024			September 26, 2023
Revenue:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Restaurant and other sales	​	$	1,265,279	​	$	1,115,224	​	$	3,913,073	​	$	3,447,192
Franchise royalties and fees	​	​	7,720	​	​	6,528	​	​	22,345	​	​	20,119
Total revenue	​		1,272,999	​		1,121,752	​		3,935,418	​		3,467,311
Costs and expenses:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Restaurant operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization shown separately below):	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Food and beverage	​		424,566	​	​	386,184	​	​	1,305,658	​	​	1,198,099
Labor	​		427,470	​	​	378,814	​	​	1,293,229	​	​	1,155,970
Rent	​		20,162	​	​	18,177	​	​	59,543	​	​	54,001
Other operating	​		191,011	​	​	169,225	​	​	581,515	​	​	507,846
Pre-opening	​		7,282	​	​	8,663	​	​	21,579	​	​	19,711
Depreciation and amortization	​		44,510	​	​	39,124	​	​	128,918	​	​	112,764
Impairment and closure, net	​		844	​	​	( 2 )	​	​	1,135	​	​	131
General and administrative	​		55,131	​	​	47,708	​	​	165,874	​	​	148,573
Total costs and expenses	​		1,170,976	​		1,047,893	​		3,557,451	​		3,197,095
Income from operations	​		102,023	​		73,859	​		377,967	​		270,216
Interest income, net	​		1,916	​	​	496	​	​	5,007	​	​	2,730
Equity income from investments in unconsolidated affiliates	​		235	​	​	139	​	​	778	​	​	1,181
Income before taxes	​	$	104,174	​	$	74,494	​	$	383,752	​	$	274,127
Income tax expense	​		17,400	​	​	8,870	​	​	57,913	​	​	35,474
Net income including noncontrolling interests	​	​	86,774	​	​	65,624	​	$	325,839	​	$	238,653
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	​		2,362	​	​	1,836	​	​	8,080	​	​	6,207
Net income attributable to Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and subsidiaries	​	$	84,412	​	$	63,788	​	$	317,759	​	$	232,446
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Net income per common share attributable to Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and subsidiaries:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Basic	​	$	1.27	​	$	0.96	​	$	4.76	​	$	3.47
Diluted	​	$	1.26	​	$	0.95	​	$	4.74	​	$	3.46
Weighted average shares outstanding:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Basic	​		66,704	​	​	66,779	​	​	66,777	​	​	66,923
Diluted	​		66,943	​	​	67,014	​	​	67,023	​	​	67,179
Cash dividends declared per share	​	$	0.61	​	$	0.55	​	$	1.83	​	$	1.65

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

Table of Contents

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equit y

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	For the 13 Weeks Ended September 24, 2024
​		​		​	​		​	​		​	​		Total Texas			​	​		​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	Additional		​	​	​	​	Roadhouse, Inc.		​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	Par		​	Paid-in-		​	Retained		​	and		​	Noncontrolling		​	​	​
​	​	Shares	​	Value		​	Capital		​	Earnings		​	Subsidiaries		​	Interests		​	Total
Balance, June 25, 2024		66,727,898	​	$	67	​	$	—	​	$	1,262,569	​	$	1,262,636	​	$	15,054	​	$	1,277,690	​
Net income		—	​		—	​		—	​		84,412	​		84,412	​		2,362	​		86,774	​
Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders		—	​		—	​		—	​		—	​		—	​		( 2,485 )	​		( 2,485 )	​
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest, net of deferred taxes	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	( 23 )	​	​	—	​	​	( 23 )	​	​	23	​	​	—	​
Dividends declared ($ 0.61 per share)		—	​		—	​		—	​		( 40,696 )	​		( 40,696 )	​		—	​		( 40,696 )	​
Shares issued under share-based compensation plans including tax effects		60,735	​		—	​		—	​		—	​		—	​		—	​		—	​
Indirect repurchase of shares for minimum tax withholdings		( 18,562 )	​		—	​		( 3,198 )	​		—	​		( 3,198 )	​		—	​		( 3,198 )	​
Repurchase of shares of common stock, including excise tax as applicable	​	( 56,248 )	​	​	—	​	​	( 11,555 )	​	​	1,938	​	​	( 9,617 )	​	​	—	​	​	( 9,617 )	​
Share-based compensation		—	​		—	​		14,776	​		—	​		14,776	​		—	​		14,776	​
Balance, September 24, 2024		66,713,823	​	$	67	​	$	—	​	$	1,308,223	​	$	1,308,290	​	$	14,954	​	$	1,323,244	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	For the 13 Weeks Ended September 26, 2023
​		​		​	​		​	​		​	​		Total Texas			​	​		​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	Additional		​	​	​	​	Roadhouse, Inc.		​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	Par		​	Paid-in-		​	Retained		​	and		​	Noncontrolling		​	​	​	​
​	​	Shares	​	Value		​	Capital		​	Earnings		​	Subsidiaries		​	Interests		​	Total		​
Balance, June 27, 2023		66,843,456	​	$	67	​	$	—	​	$	1,082,915	​	$	1,082,982	​	$	15,268	​	$	1,098,250	​
Net income		—	​		—	​		—	​		63,788	​		63,788	​		1,836	​		65,624	​
Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders		—	​		—	​		—	​		—	​		—	​		( 1,894 )	​		( 1,894 )	​
Dividends declared ($ 0.55 per share)		—	​		—	​		—	​		( 36,731 )	​		( 36,731 )	​		—	​		( 36,731 )	​
Shares issued under share-based compensation plans including tax effects		68,248	​		—	​		—	​		—	​		—	​		—	​		—	​
Indirect repurchase of shares for minimum tax withholdings		( 21,101 )	​		—	​		( 2,360 )	​		—	​		( 2,360 )	​		—	​		( 2,360 )	​
Repurchase of shares of common stock, including excise tax as applicable	​	( 107,593 )	​	​	—	​	​	( 6,162 )	​	​	( 6,083 )	​	​	( 12,245 )	​	​	—	​	​	( 12,245 )	​
Share-based compensation		—	​		—	​		8,522	​		—	​		8,522	​		—	​		8,522	​
Balance, September 26, 2023		66,783,010	​	$	67	​	$	—	​	$	1,103,889	​	$	1,103,956	​	$	15,210	​	$	1,119,166	​

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

Table of Contents

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	For the 39 Weeks Ended September 24, 2024
​		​		​	​		​	​		​	​		Total Texas			​	​		​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	Additional		​	​	​	​	Roadhouse, Inc.		​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	Par		​	Paid-in-		​	Retained		​	and		​	Noncontrolling		​	​	​
​	​	Shares	​	Value		​	Capital		​	Earnings		​	Subsidiaries		​	Interests		​	Total
Balance, December 26, 2023	​	66,789,464	​	$	67	​	$	—	​	$	1,141,595	​	$	1,141,662	​	$	15,849	​	$	1,157,511
Net income		—	​		—	​		—	​		317,759	​		317,759	​		8,080	​		325,839
Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders		—	​		—	​		—	​		—	​		—	​		( 8,110 )	​		( 8,110 )
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest, net of deferred taxes	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	( 3,297 )	​	​	—	​	​	( 3,297 )	​	​	( 865 )	​	​	( 4,162 )
Dividends declared ($ 1.83 per share)		—	​		—	​		—	​		( 122,205 )	​		( 122,205 )	​		—	​		( 122,205 )
Shares issued under share-based compensation plans including tax effects		295,519	​		—	​		—	​		—	​		—	​		—	​		—
Indirect repurchase of shares for minimum tax withholdings		( 92,246 )	​		—	​		( 14,027 )	​		—	​		( 14,027 )	​		—	​		( 14,027 )
Repurchase of shares of common stock, including excise tax as applicable	​	( 278,914 )	​	​	—	​	​	( 15,830 )	​	​	( 28,926 )	​	​	( 44,756 )	​	​	—	​	​	( 44,756 )
Share-based compensation		—	​		—	​		33,154	​		—	​		33,154	​		—	​		33,154
Balance, September 24, 2024		66,713,823	​	$	67	​	$	—	​	$	1,308,223	​	$	1,308,290	​	$	14,954	​	$	1,323,244
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	For the 39 Weeks Ended September 26, 2023
​		​		​	​		​	​		​	​		Total Texas			​	​		​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	Additional		​	​	​	​	Roadhouse, Inc.		​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	Par		​	Paid-in-		​	Retained		​	and		​	Noncontrolling		​	​	​
​	​	Shares	​	Value		​	Capital		​	Earnings		​	Subsidiaries		​	Interests		​	Total
Balance, December 27, 2022		66,973,311	​	$	67	​	$	13,139	​	$	999,432	​	$	1,012,638	​	$	15,024	​	$	1,027,662
Net income		—	​		—	​		—	​		232,446	​		232,446	​		6,207	​		238,653
Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders		—	​		—	​		—	​		—	​		—	​		( 6,021 )	​		( 6,021 )
Dividends declared ($ 1.65 per share)		—	​		—	​		—	​		( 110,429 )	​		( 110,429 )	​		—	​		( 110,429 )
Shares issued under share-based compensation plans including tax effects		324,415	​		—	​		—	​		—	​		—	​		—	​		—
Indirect repurchase of shares for minimum tax withholdings		( 100,397 )	​		—	​		( 10,599 )	​		—	​		( 10,599 )	​		—	​		( 10,599 )
Repurchase of shares of common stock, including excise tax as applicable	​	( 414,319 )	​	​	—	​	​	( 27,806 )	​	​	( 17,560 )	​	​	( 45,366 )	​	​	—	​	​	( 45,366 )
Share-based compensation		—	​		—	​		25,266	​		—	​		25,266	​		—	​		25,266
Balance, September 26, 2023		66,783,010	​	$	67	​	$	—	​	$	1,103,889	​	$	1,103,956	​	$	15,210	​	$	1,119,166
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

Table of Contents

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	39 Weeks Ended
​		September 24, 2024			September 26, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities:	​	​	​	​	​	​
Net income including noncontrolling interests	​	$	325,839	​	$	238,653
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:	​	​	​	​	​	​
Depreciation and amortization	​		128,918	​		112,764
Deferred income taxes	​		( 9,592 )	​		2,707
Loss on disposition of assets	​		2,842	​		4,315
Impairment and closure costs	​		826	​		41
Equity income from investments in unconsolidated affiliates	​		( 778 )	​		( 1,181 )
Distributions of income received from investments in unconsolidated affiliates	​		799	​		493
Provision for doubtful accounts	​		( 22 )	​		4
Share-based compensation expense	​		33,154	​		25,266
Changes in operating working capital, net of acquisitions:	​	​	​	​	​	​
Receivables	​		123,155	​		102,068
Inventories	​		( 1,522 )	​		1,835
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	​		10,394	​		5,821
Other assets	​		( 15,566 )	​		( 12,680 )
Accounts payable	​		3,166	​		14,188
Deferred revenue—gift cards	​		( 147,287 )	​		( 135,251 )
Accrued wages	​		20,636	​		13,469
Prepaid income taxes and income taxes payable	​		5,923	​		2,443
Accrued taxes and licenses	​		6,849	​		7,041
Other accrued liabilities	​		( 98 )	​		( 10,117 )
Operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities	​		4,845	​		4,702
Other liabilities	​		23,608	​		14,158
Net cash provided by operating activities	​		516,089	​		390,739
Cash flows from investing activities:	​	​	​	​	​	​
Capital expenditures—property and equipment	​		( 246,539 )	​	​	( 243,895 )
Acquisitions of franchise restaurants, net of cash acquired	​	​	—	​	​	( 39,153 )
Proceeds from sale of investments in unconsolidated affiliates	​	​	—	​	​	632
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	​		197	​		1,800
Proceeds from sale leaseback transactions	​	​	9,126	​	​	7,097
Net cash used in investing activities	​		( 237,216 )	​		( 273,519 )
Cash flows from financing activities:	​	​	​	​	​	​
Payments on revolving credit facility	​	​	—	​	​	( 50,000 )
Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders	​		( 8,110 )	​	​	( 6,021 )
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest	​	​	( 5,279 )	​	​	—
Proceeds from restricted stock and other deposits, net	​		396	​	​	485
Indirect repurchase of shares for minimum tax withholdings	​		( 14,027 )	​	​	( 10,599 )
Repurchase of shares of common stock	​		( 44,689 )	​	​	( 45,193 )
Dividends paid to shareholders	​		( 122,205 )	​	​	( 110,429 )
Net cash used in financing activities	​		( 193,914 )	​		( 221,757 )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	​		84,959	​		( 104,537 )
Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of period	​		104,246	​	​	173,861
Cash and cash equivalents—end of period	​	$	189,205	​	$	69,324
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:	​	​	​	​	​	​
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized	​	$	669	​	$	877
Income taxes paid	​	$	61,804	​	$	30,323
Capital expenditures included in current liabilities	​	$	42,641	​	$	51,556

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(tabular amounts in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

(1) Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Texas Roadhouse, Inc., our wholly owned subsidiaries and subsidiaries in which we have a controlling interest (collectively, the "Company," "we," "our" and/or "us") as of September 24, 2024 and December 26, 2023 and for the 13 and 39 weeks ended September 24, 2024 and September 26, 2023.

The Company maintains three restaurant concepts operating as Texas Roadhouse, Bubba’s 33, and Jaggers. As of September 24, 2024, we owned and operated 657 restaurants and franchised an additional 115 restaurants in 49 states, one U.S. territory, and ten foreign countries. Of the 115 franchise restaurants, there were 59 domestic restaurants and 56 international restaurants, including one in a U.S. territory. As of September 26, 2023, we owned and operated 623 restaurants and franchised an additional 99 restaurants in 49 states and ten foreign countries. Of the 99 franchise restaurants, there were 55 domestic restaurants and 44 international restaurants.

As of September 24, 2024 and September 26, 2023, we owned a majority interest in 19 and 20 company restaurants, respectively. The operating results of these majority-owned restaurants are consolidated and the portion of income attributable to noncontrolling interests is reflected in the line item net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income.

As of September 24, 2024 and September 26, 2023, we owned a 5.0 % to 10.0 % equity interest in 20 domestic franchise restaurants. These unconsolidated restaurants are accounted for using the equity method. Our investments in these unconsolidated affiliates are included in other assets in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, and we record our percentage share of net income earned by these unconsolidated affiliates under equity income from investments in unconsolidated affiliates in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. All significant intercompany balances and transactions for these unconsolidated restaurants as well as the entities whose accounts have been consolidated have been eliminated.

We have made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reporting of revenue and expenses during the periods to prepare these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the valuation of property and equipment, goodwill, lease liabilities and right-of-use assets, obligations related to insurance reserves, legal reserves, income taxes, and gift card breakage. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the periods presented. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, except that certain information and footnotes have been condensed or omitted pursuant to rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Operating results for the 13 and 39 weeks ended September 24, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 26, 2023.

Our significant interim accounting policies include the recognition of income taxes using an estimated annual effective tax rate.

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(2) Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosure. This ASU primarily requires enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses including requiring segment disclosures to include a description of other segment items by reportable segment and any additional measures of a segment’s profit or loss used by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM" ) when deciding how to allocate resources. The ASU also requires all annual disclosures currently required by Topic 280 to be included in interim periods as well as the title of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure of segment profit or loss in assessing performance and allocating resources. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. We are currently assessing the impact of this new standard on our segment reporting disclosures and expect to provide additional detail and disclosures under this new guidance.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures . This ASU primarily requires enhanced disclosures about an entity’s income tax including requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of the information included in the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025. We are currently assessing the impact of this new standard on our income tax disclosures and expect to provide additional detail and disclosures under this new guidance.

(3) Long-term Debt

We maintain a revolving credit facility (the "credit facility") with a syndicate of commercial lenders led by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and PNC Bank, N.A. The credit facility is an unsecured, revolving credit agreement and has a borrowing capacity of up to $ 300.0 million with the option to increase by an additional $ 200.0 million subject to certain limitations, including approval by the syndicate of commercial lenders. The credit facility has a maturity date of May 1, 2026.

We are required to pay interest on outstanding borrowings at the Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"), plus a fixed adjustment of 0.10 % and a variable adjustment of 0.875 % to 1.875 % depending on our consolidated leverage ratio.

As of September 24, 2024 and December 26, 2023, we had no outstanding borrowings under the credit facility and had $ 295.3 million of availability, net of $ 4.7 million of outstanding letters of credit.

The interest rate for the credit facility as of September 24, 2024 and September 26, 2023 was 5.72 % and 6.19 % , respectively.

The lenders’ obligation to extend credit pursuant to the credit facility depends on us maintaining certain financial covenants, including a minimum consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio and a maximum consolidated leverage ratio. The credit facility permits us to incur additional secured or unsecured indebtedness, except for the incurrence of secured indebtedness that in the aggregate is equal to or greater than $ 125.0 million and 20 % of our consolidated tangible net worth. We were in compliance with all financial covenants as of September 24, 2024.

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(4) Revenue

The following table disaggregates our revenue by major source:

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	13 Weeks Ended					​	39 Weeks Ended
​	September 24, 2024		​	September 26, 2023		​	September 24, 2024		​	September 26, 2023
Restaurant and other sales	$	1,265,279	​	$	1,115,224	​	$	3,913,073	​	$	3,447,192
Franchise royalties	​	6,808	​	​	5,832	​	​	20,601	​	​	17,896
Franchise fees	​	912	​	​	696	​	​	1,744	​	​	2,223
Total revenue	$	1,272,999	​	$	1,121,752	​	$	3,935,418	​	$	3,467,311

The following table presents a rollforward of deferred revenue-gift cards:

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	13 Weeks Ended					​	39 Weeks Ended
​	September 24, 2024		​	September 26, 2023		​	September 24, 2024		​	September 26, 2023
Beginning balance	$	250,485	​	$	226,130	​	$	373,913	​	$	335,403
Gift card activations, net of third-party fees	​	56,527	​	​	48,824	​	​	191,409	​	​	167,378
Gift card redemptions and breakage	​	( 80,386 )	​	​	( 73,638 )	​	​	( 338,696 )	​	​	( 301,465 )
Ending balance	$	226,626	​	$	201,316	​	$	226,626	​	$	201,316
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​

We recognized restaurant sales of $ 26.1 million and $ 210.1 million for the 13 and 39 weeks ended September 24, 2024, respectively, related to amounts in deferred revenue as of December 26, 2023. We recognized restaurant sales of $ 26.5 million and $ 191.7 million for the 13 and 39 weeks ended September 26, 2023, respectively, related to amounts in deferred revenue as of December 27, 2022.

(5) Income Taxes

The effective tax rate was 16.7 % and 11.9 % for the 13 weeks ended September 24, 2024 and September 26, 2023, respectively. The effective tax rate was 15.1 % and 12.9 % for the 39 weeks ended September 24, 2024 and September 26, 2023, respectively. The increase in our tax rate for the 13 and 39 weeks ended September 24, 2024 as compared to the prior year periods was primarily due to a decrease in the impact of the FICA tip tax credit, which was driven by increased profitability.

(6) Commitments and Contingencies

The estimated cost of completing capital project commitments at September 24, 2024 and December 26, 2023 was $ 256.3 million and $ 237.4 million, respectively.

As of September 24, 2024 and December 26, 2023, we were contingently liable for $ 9.7 million and $ 10.4 million, respectively, for seven lease guarantees. These amounts represent the maximum potential liability of future payments under the guarantees. In the event of default, the indemnity and default clauses in our assignment agreements govern our ability to pursue and recover damages incurred. No material liabilities have been recorded as of September 24, 2024 and December 26, 2023, as the likelihood of default was deemed to be less than probable and the fair value of the guarantees is not considered significant.

During the 13 and 39 weeks ended September 24, 2024 and September 26, 2023, we bought our beef primarily from four suppliers. Although there are a limited number of beef suppliers, we believe that other suppliers could provide a similar product on comparable terms. We have no material minimum purchase commitments with our vendors that extend beyond a year.

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Occasionally, we are a defendant in litigation arising in the ordinary course of business, including "slip and fall" accidents, employment related claims, claims related to our service of alcohol, and claims from guests or employees alleging illness, injury or food quality, health or operational concerns. None of these types of litigation, most of which are covered by insurance at varying retention levels, has had a material adverse effect on us and, as of the date of this report, we are not party to any litigation that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our business.

(7) Acquisitions

On December 28, 2022, the first day of the 2023 fiscal year, we completed the acquisition of eight franchise Texas Roadhouse restaurants located in Maryland and Delaware, including four in which we previously held a 5.0 % equity interest. Pursuant to the terms of the acquisition agreements, we paid a total purchase price of $ 39.1 million, net of cash acquired, for 100 % of the entities. The transactions in which we held an equity interest were accounted for as step acquisitions, and we recorded a gain of $ 0.6 million on our previous investments in equity income from investments in unconsolidated affiliates in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income .

These transactions were accounted for using the acquisition method as defined in Accounting Standards Codification 805, Business Combinations . These acquisitions are consistent with our long-term strategy to increase net income and earnings per share.

The following table summarizes the consideration paid for these acquisitions and the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, which are adjusted for final measurement-period adjustments.

​	​	​	​
Inventory	​	$	410
Other assets	​	​	293
Property and equipment	​		17,763
Operating lease right-of-use assets	​	​	4,775
Goodwill	​		20,067
Intangible assets	​		1,700
Deferred revenue-gift cards	​	​	( 1,164 )
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	​		( 110 )
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	​	​	( 4,665 )
​	​	$	39,069

Intangible assets represent reacquired franchise rights which are being amortized over a weighted-average useful life of 2.2 years. We expect all of the goodwill will be deductible for tax purposes and believe the resulting amount of goodwill reflects the benefit of sales and unit growth opportunities as well as the benefit of the assembled workforce of the acquired restaurants.

(8) Related Party Transactions

As of September 24, 2024 and September 26, 2023, we had four franchise restaurants and one majority-owned company restaurant owned in part by a current officer of the Company. We recognized revenue of $ 0.5 million for each of the 13 weeks ended September 24, 2024 and September 26, 2023 related to the four franchise restaurants. We recognized revenue of $ 1.5 million for each of the 39 weeks ended September 24, 2024 and September 26, 2023 related to the four franchise restaurants.

(9) Earnings Per Share

The share and net income per share data for all periods presented are based on the historical weighted-average shares outstanding. The diluted earnings per share calculations show the effect of the weighted-average restricted stock units from our equity incentive plans. Performance stock units are not included in the diluted earnings per share calculation until the performance-based criteria have been met.

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For all periods presented, the weighted-average shares of nonvested stock units that were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because they would have had an anti-dilutive effect were not significant.

The following table sets forth the calculation of earnings per share and weighted-average shares outstanding as presented in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income:

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	13 Weeks Ended					​	​	39 Weeks Ended
​		September 24, 2024			September 26, 2023			​	September 24, 2024			September 26, 2023
Net income attributable to Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and subsidiaries	​	$	84,412	​	$	63,788	​	​	$	317,759	​	$	232,446
Basic EPS:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	​		66,704	​	​	66,779	​	​	​	66,777	​	​	66,923
Basic EPS	​	$	1.27	​	$	0.96	​	​	$	4.76	​	$	3.47
Diluted EPS:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	​		66,704	​	​	66,779	​	​	​	66,777	​	​	66,923
Dilutive effect of nonvested stock units	​		239	​	​	235	​	​	​	246	​	​	256
Shares-diluted	​		66,943	​		67,014	​	​		67,023	​		67,179
Diluted EPS	​	$	1.26	​	$	0.95	​	​	$	4.74	​	$	3.46

(10) Fair Value Measurements

At September 24, 2024 and December 26, 2023, the fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximated their carrying values based on the short-term nature of these instruments. There were no transfers among levels within the fair value hierarchy during the 13 and 39 weeks ended September 24, 2024.

The following table presents the fair values for our financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis:

​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Fair Value Measurements
​		Level		September 24, 2024		December 26, 2023
Deferred compensation plan—assets		1	​	$ 96,994	​	$ 81,316
Deferred compensation plan—liabilities		1	​	$ ( 96,994 )	​	$ ( 81,222 )

We report the accounts of the deferred compensation plan in other assets and the corresponding liability in other liabilities in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. These investments are considered trading securities and are reported at fair value based on quoted market prices. The realized and unrealized holding gains and losses related to these investments, as well as the offsetting compensation expense, are recorded in general and administrative expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income.

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(11) Stock Repurchase Program

On March 17, 2022, our Board of Directors (the "Board") approved a stock repurchase program under which we may repurchase up to $ 300.0 million of our common stock. This stock repurchase program has no expiration date. All repurchases to date under our stock repurchase programs have been made through open market transactions. The timing and the amount of any repurchases are determined by management under parameters established by the Board, based on an evaluation of our stock price, market conditions, and other corporate considerations, including complying with Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act").

For the 13 and 39 weeks ended September 24, 2024, we paid $ 9.6 million and $ 44.7 million to repurchase 56,248 shares and 278,914 shares of our common stock, respectively. For the 13 and 39 weeks ended September 26, 2023, we paid $ 12.1 million and $ 45.2 million to repurchase 107,593 shares and 414,319 shares of our common stock, respectively. As of September 24, 2024, $ 72.2 million remained under our authorized stock repurchase program.

(12) Segment Information

We manage our restaurant and franchising operations by concept and as a result have identified Texas Roadhouse, Bubba’s 33, Jaggers, and our retail initiatives as separate operating segments. Our reportable segments are Texas Roadhouse and Bubba’s 33. The Texas Roadhouse reportable segment includes the results of our domestic company Texas Roadhouse restaurants and domestic and international franchise Texas Roadhouse restaurants. The Bubba's 33 reportable segment includes the results of our domestic company Bubba's 33 restaurants. Our remaining operating segments, which include the results of our domestic company and franchise Jaggers restaurants and the results of our retail initiatives, are included in Other. In addition, corporate-related assets, depreciation and amortization, and capital expenditures are also included in Other.

Management uses restaurant margin as the primary measure for assessing performance of our segments. Restaurant margin represents restaurant and other sales less restaurant-level operating costs, including food and beverage costs, labor, rent, and other operating costs. Restaurant margin also includes sales and operating costs related to our non-royalty based retail initiatives. Restaurant margin is used by our CODM to evaluate restaurant-level operating efficiency and performance.

In calculating restaurant margin, we exclude certain non-restaurant-level costs that support operations, but do not have a direct impact on restaurant-level operational efficiency and performance, including general and administrative expenses. We exclude pre-opening expenses as it occurs at irregular intervals and would impact comparability to prior period results. We exclude depreciation and amortization expenses, substantially all of which relates to restaurant-level assets, as it represents a non-cash charge for the investment in our restaurants. We exclude impairment and closure expenses as we believe this provides a clearer perspective of the Company’s ongoing operating performance and a more useful comparison to prior period results. Restaurant margin as presented may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies in our industry.

Restaurant and other sales for all operating segments are derived primarily from food and beverage sales. We do not rely on any major customer as a source of sales and the customers and assets of our reportable segments are located predominantly in the United States. There are no material transactions between reportable segments.

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The following tables reconcile our segment results to our consolidated results reported in accordance with GAAP:

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	For the 13 Weeks Ended September 24, 2024
​	Texas Roadhouse		​	Bubba's 33		​	Other		​	Total
Restaurant and other sales	$	1,184,125	​	$	73,416	​	$	7,738	​	$	1,265,279
Restaurant operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization)	​	993,576	​	​	62,926	​	​	6,707	​	​	1,063,209
Restaurant margin	$	190,549	​	$	10,490	​	$	1,031	​	$	202,070
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Depreciation and amortization	$	37,372	​	$	4,150	​	$	2,988	​	$	44,510
Capital expenditures	​	81,882	​	​	6,735	​	​	2,444	​	​	91,061
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	For the 13 Weeks Ended September 26, 2023
​	Texas Roadhouse		​	Bubba's 33		​	Other		​	Total
Restaurant and other sales	$	1,047,795	​	$	61,083	​	$	6,346	​	$	1,115,224
Restaurant operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization)	​	893,330	​	​	53,584	​	​	5,486	​	​	952,400
Restaurant margin	$	154,465	​	$	7,499	​	$	860	​	$	162,824
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Depreciation and amortization	$	32,416	​	$	3,518	​	$	3,190	​	$	39,124
Capital expenditures	​	76,811	​	​	7,027	​	​	5,477	​	​	89,315
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	For the 39 Weeks Ended September 24, 2024
​	Texas Roadhouse		​	Bubba's 33		​	Other		​	Total
Restaurant and other sales	$	3,672,510	​	$	217,501	​	$	23,062	​	$	3,913,073
Restaurant operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization)	​	3,038,186	​	​	182,282	​	​	19,477	​	​	3,239,945
Restaurant margin	$	634,324	​	$	35,219	​	$	3,585	​	$	673,128
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Depreciation and amortization	$	108,327	​	$	11,961	​	$	8,630	​	$	128,918
Capital expenditures	​	214,815	​	​	25,268	​	​	6,456	​	​	246,539
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	For the 39 Weeks Ended September 26, 2023
​	Texas Roadhouse		​	Bubba's 33		​	Other		​	Total
Restaurant and other sales	$	3,244,973	​	$	184,012	​	$	18,207	​	$	3,447,192
Restaurant operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization)	​	2,741,313	​	​	158,428	​	​	16,175	​	​	2,915,916
Restaurant margin	$	503,660	​	$	25,584	​	$	2,032	​	$	531,276
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Depreciation and amortization	$	93,072	​	$	10,399	​	$	9,293	​	$	112,764
Capital expenditures	​	210,403	​	​	23,032	​	​	10,460	​	​	243,895

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A reconciliation of restaurant margin to income from operations is presented below. We do not allocate interest income, net and equity income from investments in unconsolidated affiliates to reportable segments.

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	13 Weeks Ended					​	39 Weeks Ended
​	September 24, 2024		​	September 26, 2023		​	September 24, 2024		​	September 26, 2023
Restaurant margin	$	202,070	​	$	162,824	​	$	673,128	​	$	531,276
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Add:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Franchise royalties and fees	​	7,720	​	​	6,528	​	​	22,345	​	​	20,119
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Less:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Pre-opening	​	7,282	​	​	8,663	​	​	21,579	​	​	19,711
Depreciation and amortization	​	44,510	​	​	39,124	​	​	128,918	​	​	112,764
Impairment and closure, net	​	844	​	​	( 2 )	​	​	1,135	​	​	131
General and administrative	​	55,131	​	​	47,708	​	​	165,874	​	​	148,573
Income from operations	$	102,023	​	$	73,859	​	$	377,967	​	$	270,216
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT

This report contains forward-looking statements based on our current expectations, estimates, and projections about our industry and certain assumptions made by us. Words such as "anticipates," "expects," "intends," "plans," "believes," "seeks," "estimates," "may," "will," and variations of these words or similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. In addition, any statements that refer to expectations, projections, or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. Such statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, our actual results could differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. The section entitled "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 26, 2023, and in Part II, Item 1A in this Form 10-Q, along with disclosures in our other Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC " ) filings discuss some of the important risk factors that may affect our business, results of operations, or financial condition. You should carefully consider those risks, in addition to the other information in this report, and in our other filings with the SEC, before deciding to invest in our Company or to maintain or increase your investment. We undertake no obligation to revise or update publicly any forward-looking statements, except as may be required by applicable law. The information contained in this Form 10-Q is not a complete description of our business or the risks associated with an investment in our common stock. We urge you to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and in our other reports filed with the SEC that discuss our business in greater detail and advise interested parties of certain risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may affect our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

Our Company

Texas Roadhouse, Inc. is a growing restaurant company operating predominantly in the casual dining segment. Our late founder, W. Kent Taylor, started the Company in 1993 with the opening of the first Texas Roadhouse restaurant in Clarksville, Indiana. Since then, we have grown to three concepts with 772 restaurants in 49 states, one U.S. territory, and ten foreign countries. As of September 24, 2024, our 772 restaurants included:

● 657 company restaurants, of which 638 were wholly-owned and 19 were majority-owned. The results of operations of company restaurants are included in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. The portion of income attributable to noncontrolling interests in company restaurants that are majority-owned is reflected in the line item net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. Of the 657 company restaurants, we operated 601 as Texas Roadhouse restaurants, 48 as Bubba’s 33 restaurants, and eight as Jaggers restaurants.

● 115 franchise restaurants, of which 20 we have a 5.0% to 10.0% ownership interest. The income derived from our minority interests in these franchise restaurants is reported in the line item equity income from investments in unconsolidated affiliates in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. Of the 115 franchise restaurants, 56 were domestic Texas Roadhouse restaurants, three were domestic Jaggers restaurants, and 56 were international Texas Roadhouse restaurants, including one restaurant in a U.S. territory.

We have contractual arrangements that grant us the right to acquire at pre-determined formulas the remaining equity interests in 17 of the 19 majority-owned company restaurants and 54 of the 59 systemwide domestic franchise restaurants.

Throughout this report, we use the term "restaurants" to include Texas Roadhouse and Bubba’s 33, unless otherwise noted.

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Presentation of Financial and Operating Data

Throughout this report, the 13 weeks ended September 24, 2024 and September 26, 2023, are referred to as Q3 2024 and Q3 2023, respectively. The 39 weeks ended September 24, 2024, and September 26, 2023, are referred to as 2024 YTD and 2023 YTD, respectively. Fiscal year 2024 will be 53 weeks in length, with the fourth quarter 14 weeks in length. Fiscal year 2023 was 52 weeks in length, with the quarters 13 weeks in length.

Key Measures We Use to Evaluate Our Company

Key measures we use to evaluate and assess our business include the following:

● Comparable Restaurant Sales. Comparable restaurant sales reflect the change in sales for all company restaurants across all concepts, unless otherwise noted, over the same period of the prior year for the comparable restaurant base. We define the comparable restaurant base to include those restaurants open for a full 18 months before the beginning of the period measured excluding restaurants permanently closed during the period. Comparable restaurant sales can be impacted by changes in guest traffic counts or by changes in the per person average check amount. Menu price changes, the mix of menu items sold, and the mix of dine-in versus to-go sales can affect the per person average check amount.

● Average Unit Volume. Average unit volume represents the average quarterly, year-to-date, or annual restaurant sales for Texas Roadhouse and Bubba’s 33 restaurants open for a full six months before the beginning of the period measured excluding sales of restaurants permanently closed during the period, if applicable. Historically, average unit volume growth is less than comparable restaurant sales growth which indicates that newer restaurants are operating with sales growth levels lower than the company average. At times, average unit volume growth may be more than comparable restaurant sales growth which indicates that newer restaurants are operating with sales growth levels higher than the company average.

● Store Weeks and New Restaurant Openings. Store weeks represent the number of weeks that all company restaurants across all concepts, unless otherwise noted, were open during the reporting period. Store weeks include weeks in which a restaurant is temporarily closed. Store week growth is driven by new restaurant openings and franchise acquisitions. New restaurant openings reflect the number of restaurants opened during a particular fiscal period, excluding store relocations. We consider store openings that occur simultaneously with a store closure in the same trade area to be a relocation.

● Restaurant Margin. Restaurant margin (in dollars, as a percentage of restaurant and other sales, and per store week) represents restaurant and other sales less restaurant-level operating costs, including food and beverage costs, labor, rent, and other operating costs. Restaurant margin is not a measurement determined in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered in isolation, or as an alternative, to income from operations. This non-GAAP measure is not indicative of overall company performance and profitability in that this measure does not accrue directly to the benefit of shareholders due to the nature of the costs excluded. Restaurant margin is widely regarded as a useful metric by which to evaluate core restaurant-level operating efficiency and performance over various reporting periods on a consistent basis.

In calculating restaurant margin, we exclude certain non-restaurant-level costs that support operations, but do not have a direct impact on restaurant-level operational efficiency and performance, including general and administrative expenses. We exclude pre-opening expenses as it occurs at irregular intervals and would impact comparability to prior period results. We exclude depreciation and amortization expenses, substantially all of which relates to restaurant-level assets, as it represents a non-cash charge for the investment in our restaurants. We exclude impairment and closure expenses as we believe this provides a clearer perspective of the Company’s ongoing operating performance and a more useful comparison to prior period results. Restaurant margin as presented may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies in our industry. A reconciliation of income from operations to restaurant margin is included in the Results of Operations section below.

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Other Key Definitions

● Restaurant and Other Sales. Restaurant sales include gross food and beverage sales, net of promotions and discounts, for all company restaurants. Sales taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and therefore are excluded from restaurant sales in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. Other sales include the net impact of the amortization of third party gift card fees and gift card breakage income, sales related to our non-royalty based retail products, and content revenue related to our tabletop kiosk devices.

● Franchise Royalties and Fees. Franchise royalties consist of royalties, as defined in our franchise agreement, paid to us by our domestic and international franchisees. Domestic and international franchisees also typically pay an initial franchise fee and/or development fee for each new restaurant or territory.

● Food and Beverage Costs. Food and beverage costs consist of the costs of raw materials and ingredients used in the preparation of food and beverage products sold in our company restaurants. Approximately half of our food and beverage costs relate to beef.

● Restaurant Labor Expenses. Restaurant labor expenses include all direct and indirect labor costs incurred in operations except for profit sharing incentive compensation expenses earned by our restaurant managing partners and market partners. These profit sharing expenses are reflected in restaurant other operating expenses. Restaurant labor expenses also include share-based compensation expense related to restaurant-level employees.

● Restaurant Rent Expense. Restaurant rent expense includes all rent, except pre-opening rent, associated with the leasing of real estate and includes base, percentage, and straight-line rent expense.

● Restaurant Other Operating Expenses. Restaurant other operating expenses consist of all other restaurant-level operating costs, the major components of which are credit card fees, profit sharing incentive compensation for our restaurant managing partners and market partners, utilities, supplies, general liability insurance, advertising, repairs and maintenance, property taxes, and outside services.

● Pre-opening Expenses. Pre- opening expenses, which are charged to operations as incurred, consist of expenses incurred before the opening of a new or relocated restaurant and consist principally of opening and training team compensation and benefits, travel expenses, rent, food, beverage, and other initial supplies and expenses. The majority of pre-opening costs incurred relate to the hiring and training of employees due to the significant investment we make in training our people. Pre-opening costs vary by location depending on a number of factors, including the size and physical layout of each location; the number of management and hourly employees required to operate each restaurant; the availability of qualified restaurant staff members; the cost of travel and lodging for different geographic areas; the timing of the restaurant opening; and the extent of unexpected delays, if any, in obtaining final licenses and permits to open each restaurant.

● Depreciation and Amortization Expenses. Depreciation and amortization expenses include the depreciation of fixed assets and amortization of intangibles with definite lives, substantially all of which relates to restaurant-level assets.

● Impairment and Closure Costs, Net. Impairment and closure costs, net include any impairment of long- lived assets, including property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets, and goodwill, and expenses associated with the closure of a restaurant. Closure costs also include any gains or losses associated with a relocated restaurant or the sale of a closed restaurant and/or assets held for sale as well as costs associated with closed or relocated restaurants.

● General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses comprise expenses associated with corporate and administrative functions that support development and restaurant operations and provide an infrastructure to support future growth. This includes salary, incentive-based and share-based compensation

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expense related to executive officers and Support Center employees, salary and share-based compensation expense related to market partners, software hosting fees, professional fees, group insurance, advertising expense, and the realized and unrealized holding gains and losses related to the investments in our deferred compensation plan.

● Interest Income, Net. Interest income, net includes earnings on cash and cash equivalents and is reduced by interest expense, net of capitalized interest, on our debt or financing obligations including the amortization of loan fees, as applicable.

● Equity Income from Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates. Equity income includes our percentage share of net income earned by unconsolidated affiliates and our share of any gain on the acquisition of these affiliates. As of September 24, 2024, and September 26, 2023, we owned a 5.0% to 10.0% equity interest in 20 domestic franchise restaurants.

● Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests represents the portion of income attributable to the other owners of the majority-owned restaurants. Our consolidated subsidiaries include 19 and 20 majority-owned restaurants as of September 24, 2024 and September 26, 2023, respectively.

Q3 2024 Financial Highlights

Total revenue increased $151.2 million or 13.5% to $1,273.0 million in Q3 2024 compared to $1,121.8 million in Q3 2023 primarily due to an increase in comparable restaurant sales and store weeks. Comparable restaurant sales and store weeks increased 8.5% and 5.8%, respectively, at company restaurants in Q3 2024 compared to Q3 2023. The increase in comparable restaurant sales was due to an increase in our per person average check along with an increase in guest traffic counts. The increase in store weeks was due to new store openings.

Net income increased $20.6 million or 32.3% to $84.4 million in Q3 2024 compared to $63.8 million in Q3 2023 primarily due to higher restaurant margin dollars, as described below, partially offset by higher general and administrative expenses and higher depreciation and amortization expenses. Diluted earnings per share increased 32.5% to $1.26 in Q3 2024 from $0.95 in Q3 2023 primarily due to the increase in net income.

Restaurant margin dollars increased $39.2 million or 24.1% to $202.1 million in Q3 2024 compared to $162.8 million in Q3 2023 primarily due to higher sales. Restaurant margin, as a percentage of restaurant and other sales, increased to 16.0% in Q3 2024 compared to 14.6% in Q3 2023. The increase in restaurant margin, as a percentage of restaurant and other sales, was primarily driven by higher sales. The benefit of a higher average guest check and labor productivity more than offset wage and other labor inflation of 4.7% and commodity inflation of 1.3%.

In addition, during the 13 weeks ended September 24, 2024, capital allocation spend included capital expenditures of $91.1 million, dividends of $40.7 million, and repurchases of common stock of $9.6 million.

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Results of Operations

(in thousands)

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	13 Weeks Ended							​	39 Weeks Ended
​	​	September 24, 2024			​	September 26, 2023			​	September 24, 2024			​	September 26, 2023
​		$		%		$		%		$		%		$		%
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Revenue:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Restaurant and other sales	​	1,265,279	​	99.4	​	1,115,224	​	99.4	​	3,913,073	​	99.4	​	3,447,192	​	99.4
Franchise royalties and fees	​	7,720	​	0.6	​	6,528	​	0.6	​	22,345	​	0.6	​	20,119	​	0.6
Total revenue	​	1,272,999	​	100.0	​	1,121,752	​	100.0	​	3,935,418	​	100.0	​	3,467,311	​	100.0
Costs and expenses:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
(As a percentage of restaurant and other sales)	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Restaurant operating costs (excluding depreciation and amortization shown separately below):	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Food and beverage	​	424,566	​	33.5	​	386,184	​	34.6	​	1,305,658	​	33.4	​	1,198,099	​	34.8
Labor	​	427,470	​	33.8	​	378,814	​	34.0	​	1,293,229	​	33.0	​	1,155,970	​	33.5
Rent	​	20,162	​	1.6	​	18,177	​	1.6	​	59,543	​	1.5	​	54,001	​	1.6
Other operating	​	191,011	​	15.1	​	169,225	​	15.2	​	581,515	​	14.9	​	507,846	​	14.7
(As a percentage of total revenue)	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Pre-opening	​	7,282	​	0.6	​	8,663	​	0.8	​	21,579	​	0.5	​	19,711	​	0.6
Depreciation and amortization	​	44,510	​	3.5	​	39,124	​	3.5	​	128,918	​	3.3	​	112,764	​	3.3
Impairment and closure, net	​	844	​	0.1	​	(2)	​	NM	​	1,135	​	NM	​	131	​	NM
General and administrative	​	55,131	​	4.3	​	47,708	​	4.3	​	165,874	​	4.2	​	148,573	​	4.3
Total costs and expenses	​	1,170,976	​	92.0	​	1,047,893	​	93.4	​	3,557,451	​	90.4	​	3,197,095	​	92.2
Income from operations	​	102,023	​	8.0	​	73,859	​	6.6	​	377,967	​	9.6	​	270,216	​	7.8
Interest income, net	​	1,916	​	0.2	​	496	​	0.0	​	5,007	​	0.1	​	2,730	​	0.1
Equity income from investments in unconsolidated affiliates	​	235	​	NM	​	139	​	NM	​	778	​	NM	​	1,181	​	NM
Income before taxes	​	104,174	​	8.2	​	74,494	​	6.6	​	383,752	​	9.8	​	274,127	​	7.9
Income tax expense	​	17,400	​	1.4	​	8,870	​	0.8	​	57,913	​	1.5	​	35,474	​	1.0
Net income including noncontrolling interests	​	86,774	​	6.8	​	65,624	​	5.9	​	325,839	​	8.3	​	238,653	​	6.9
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	​	2,362	​	0.2	​	1,836	​	0.2	​	8,080	​	0.2	​	6,207	​	0.2
Net income attributable to Texas Roadhouse, Inc. and subsidiaries	​	84,412	​	6.6	​	63,788	​	5.7	​	317,759	​	8.1	​	232,446	​	6.7

NM — Not meaningful

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​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Reconciliation of Income from Operations to Restaurant Margin
($ in thousands, except restaurant margin $ per store week)
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	13 Weeks Ended					​	39 Weeks Ended
​	September 24, 2024		​	September 26, 2023		​	September 24, 2024		​	September 26, 2023
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Income from operations	$	102,023	​	$	73,859	​	$	377,967	​	$	270,216
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Less:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Franchise royalties and fees	​	7,720	​	​	6,528	​	​	22,345	​	​	20,119
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Add:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Pre-opening	​	7,282	​	​	8,663	​	​	21,579	​	​	19,711
Depreciation and amortization	​	44,510	​	​	39,124	​	​	128,918	​	​	112,764
Impairment and closure, net	​	844	​	​	(2)	​	​	1,135	​	​	131
General and administrative	​	55,131	​	​	47,708	​	​	165,874	​	​	148,573
Restaurant margin	$	202,070	​	$	162,824	​	$	673,128	​	$	531,276
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Restaurant margin $/store week	$	23,784	​	$	20,272	​	$	26,725	​	$	22,237
Restaurant margin (as a percentage of restaurant and other sales)	​	16.0%	​	​	14.6%	​	​	17.2%	​	​	15.4%

See above for the definition of restaurant margin.

Restaurant Unit Activity

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​		Total	​	Texas Roadhouse	​	Bubba's 33		Jaggers
Balance at December 26, 2023		741	​	686	​	45		10
Company openings		22	​	19	​	3	​	—
Franchise openings - Domestic	​	1	​	—	​	—	​	1
Franchise openings - International (1)		8	​	8	​	—	​	—
Balance at September 24, 2024		772	​	713	​	48		11

​	​	​	​	​
​		September 24, 2024		September 26, 2023
Company - Texas Roadhouse		601	​	573
Company - Bubba's 33		48	​	43
Company - Jaggers		8	​	7
Total company	​	657	​	623
​	​	​	​	​
Franchise - Texas Roadhouse - Domestic		56	​	54
Franchise - Jaggers - Domestic	​	3	​	1
Franchise - Texas Roadhouse - International (1)		56	​	44
Total franchise	​	115	​	99
​	​	​	​	​
Total		772		722

(1) Includes a U.S. territory.

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Q3 2024 compared to Q3 2023 and 2024 YTD compared to 2023 YTD

Restaurant and Other Sales

Restaurant and other sales increased 13.5% in both Q3 2024 compared to Q3 2023 and 2024 YTD compared to 2023 YTD. The following table summarizes certain key drivers and/or attributes of restaurant sales at company restaurants for the periods presented. Company restaurant count activity is shown in the restaurant unit activity table above.

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​		Q3 2024			Q3 2023			2024 YTD			2023 YTD
Company Restaurants:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Increase in store weeks		​	5.8	%	​	5.7	%	​	5.4	%	​	5.8	%
Increase in average unit volume		​	7.5	%	​	7.8	%	​	8.1	%	​	9.7	%
Other (1)		​	0.5	%	​	(0.1)	%	​	0.1	%	​	0.0	%
Total increase in restaurant sales		​	13.8	%	​	13.4	%	​	13.6	%	​	15.5	%
Other sales	​	​	(0.3)	%	​	(0.4)	%	​	(0.1)	%	​	(0.1)	%
Total increase in restaurant and other sales	​	​	13.5	%	​	13.0	%	​	13.5	%	​	15.4	%
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Store weeks		​	8,496	​	​	8,032	​	​	25,187	​	​	23,892	​
Comparable restaurant sales		​	8.5	%	​	8.2	%	​	8.8	%	​	10.1	%
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Texas Roadhouse restaurants:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Store weeks	​	​	7,768	​	​	7,394	​	​	23,070	​	​	22,041	​
Comparable restaurant sales		​	8.7	%	​	8.4	%	​	8.9	%	​	10.3	%
Average unit volume (in thousands) (2)	​	$	1,990	​	$	1,840	​	$	6,260	​	$	5,753	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Weekly sales by group:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Comparable restaurants (560, 542, 549, and 527 units)	​	$	153,870	​	$	141,675	​	$	160,715	​	$	147,832	​
Average unit volume restaurants (22, 18, 17, and 22 units)	​	$	132,430	​	$	138,439	​	$	153,918	​	$	139,989	​
Restaurants less than six months old (19, 13, 35, and 24 units)	​	$	142,628	​	$	141,409	​	$	142,925	​	$	150,747	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Bubba's 33 restaurants:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Store weeks	​	​	624	​	​	547	​	​	1,805	​	​	1,593	​
Comparable restaurant sales	​	​	5.3	%	​	4.8	%	​	5.0	%	​	6.0	%
Average unit volume (in thousands) (2)	​	$	1,502	​	$	1,437	​	$	4,641	​	$	4,494	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Weekly sales by group:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Comparable restaurants (40, 36, 37, and 34 units)	​	$	116,330	​	$	112,447	​	$	120,952	​	$	115,343	​
Average unit volume restaurants (5, 4, 4, and 3 units)	​	$	109,485	​	$	93,012	​	$	100,893	​	$	113,926	​
Restaurants less than six months old (3, 3, 7, and 6 units)	​	$	140,369	​	$	129,941	​	$	128,746	​	$	116,281	​

(1) Includes the impact of the year-over-year change in sales volume of all Jaggers restaurants, along with Texas Roadhouse and Bubba’s 33 restaurants open less than six months before the beginning of the period measured and, if applicable, the impact of restaurants permanently closed during the period.

(2) Average unit volume includes restaurants open a full six to 18 months before the beginning of the period measured, excluding sales from restaurants permanently closed during the period, if applicable.

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The increases in restaurant sales for Q3 2024 and 2024 YTD were primarily attributable to an increase in store weeks and an increase in comparable restaurant sales. The increases in store weeks were driven by the opening of new restaurants. The increases in comparable restaurant sales were driven by an increase in our per person average check along with an increase in guest traffic counts as shown in the table below.

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	Q3 2024	​	Q3 2023	​	2024 YTD	​	2023 YTD
Guest traffic counts	3.8 %	​	4.1 %	​	4.3 %	​	5.5 %
Per person average check	4.7 %	​	4.1 %	​	4.5 %	​	4.6 %
Comparable restaurant sales growth	8.5 %	​	8.2 %	​	8.8 %	​	10.1 %

To-go sales as a percentage of restaurant sales were 12.7% in Q3 2024 compared to 12.3% in Q3 2023 and were 12.8% in 2024 YTD compared to 12.6% in 2023 YTD.

Per person average check for 2024 includes the benefit of a menu price increase of approximately 2.2% implemented in Q2 2024 and menu price increases of approximately 2.2% and 2.7% implemented in Q2 2023 and Q4 2023, respectively. In addition, we implemented a menu price increase of approximately 0.9% in late September 2024.

In 2024 YTD, we opened 19 Texas Roadhouse company restaurants and three Bubba’s 33 company restaurants. In 2024, we expect store week growth of approximately 7.5% across all concepts, including a benefit of 2% from the 53 rd week. In 2025, we expect store week growth of approximately 5% across all concepts, including a benefit of 2% from the planned acquisition of 13 domestic franchise restaurants at the beginning of our 2025 fiscal year.

Other sales include the net impact of the amortization of third party gift card fees and gift card breakage income, sales related to our non-royalty based retail products, and content revenue related to our tabletop kiosk devices. The net impact of these amounts was $(2.1) million in Q3 2024 and $1.4 million in Q3 2023 and was $(11.3) million in 2024 YTD and $(7.2) million in 2023 YTD. The changes in Q3 2024 and Q3 2023 were driven by favorable adjustments recorded of $0.6 million and $3.7 million, respectively. These adjustments related to changes in our estimate of gift card breakage due to a shift in our historic redemption patterns which indicated that the percentage of gift cards sold that are not expected to be redeemed had increased.

Franchise Royalties and Fees

Franchise royalties and fees increased by $1.2 million or 18.3% in Q3 2024 compared to Q3 2023 and increased by $2.2 million or 11.1% in 2024 YTD compared with 2023 YTD. The increases were due to comparable franchise restaurant sales growth and new store openings partially offset by $0.2 million in Q3 2024 and $1.1 million in 2024 YTD related to the reclassification of certain items that were reported in general and administrative expenses in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income in Q3 2023 and 2023 YTD.

In 2024 YTD, our franchise partners opened eight international Texas Roadhouse restaurants, including one in a U.S. territory, and one Jaggers domestic restaurant.

Food and Beverage Costs

Food and beverage costs, as a percentage of restaurant and other sales, decreased to 33.5% in Q3 2024 compared to 34.6% in Q3 2023 and decreased to 33.4% in 2024 YTD compared to 34.8% in 2023 YTD. The decreases were primarily driven by the benefit of a higher average guest check partially offset by commodity inflation of 1.3% in Q3 2024 and 0.8% in 2024 YTD primarily due to higher beef costs.

In 2024, we expect commodity inflation of less than 1% for the year with prices locked for approximately 70% of our remaining forecasted costs and the remainder subject to floating market prices. In 2025, we expect commodity inflation of 2% to 3%.

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Restaurant Labor Expenses

Restaurant labor expenses, as a percentage of restaurant and other sales, decreased to 33.8% in Q3 2024 compared to 34.0% in Q3 2023 and decreased to 33.0% in 2024 YTD compared to 33.5% in 2023 YTD. The decreases were primarily driven by the benefit of a higher average guest check and labor productivity partially offset by wage and other labor inflation of 4.7% in Q3 2024 and 4.5% in 2024 YTD. Wage and other labor inflation was driven by higher wage and benefit expense due to labor market pressures along with increases in state-mandated minimum and tipped wage rates and increased investment in our people.

In 2024, we expect wage and other labor inflation of approximately 4.5%. In 2025, we anticipate our labor costs will continue to be pressured by wage and other labor inflation of 4% to 5%.

Restaurant Rent Expense

Restaurant rent expense, as a percentage of restaurant and other sales, was 1.6% in both Q3 2024 and Q3 2023 and decreased to 1.5% in 2024 YTD compared to 1.6% in 2023 YTD. In Q3 2024, higher rent expense at our newer restaurants was offset by the increase in average unit volume. The decrease in 2024 YTD was driven by the increase in average unit volume partially offset by higher rent expense at our newer restaurants.

Restaurant Other Operating Expenses

Restaurant other operating expenses, as a percentage of restaurant and other sales, decreased to 15.1% in Q3 2024 compared to 15.2% in Q3 2023 and increased to 14.9% in 2024 YTD compared to 14.7% in 2023 YTD. The decrease in Q3 2024 was driven by the increase in average unit volume partially offset by higher incentive compensation expense. The increase in 2024 YTD was driven by an increase in general liability insurance expense of $2.4 million and higher incentive compensation expense partially offset by the increase in average unit volume. The increase in general liability insurance expense was due to unfavorable claims experience and an increase in retention levels.

Pre-opening Expenses

Pre-opening expenses were $7.3 million in Q3 2024 compared to $8.7 million in Q3 2023 and $21.6 million in 2024 YTD compared to $19.7 million in 2023 YTD. Pre-opening costs will fluctuate from quarter to quarter based on specific pre-opening costs incurred for each restaurant, the number and timing of restaurant openings, and the number and timing of restaurant managers hired.

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses

Depreciation and amortization expense, as a percentage of total revenue, was 3.5% in both Q3 2024 and Q3 2023 and was 3.3% in both 2024 YTD and 2023 YTD. In both periods, higher depreciation expense at our newer restaurants was offset by the increase in average unit volume.

Impairment and Closure Costs, Net

Impairment and closure costs, net were $0.8 million in Q3 2024 and were not significant in Q3 2023 and were $1.1 million in 2024 YTD compared to $0.1 million in 2023 YTD. In Q3 2024 and 2024 YTD, impairment and closure costs, net included costs related to the impairment of a building at a previously relocated store.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses, as a percentage of total revenue, were 4.3% in both Q3 2024 and Q3 2023 and decreased to 4.2% in 2024 YTD compared to 4.3% in 2023 YTD. In Q3 2024, higher restricted stock expense and incentive compensation expense were offset by an increase in average unit volume. The decrease in 2024 YTD was driven by the increase in average unit volume and a separation payout of $2.6 million in Q1 2023, related to the retirement of an executive officer, partially offset by higher restricted stock expense and incentive compensation

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expense. The increases in restricted stock expense were primarily due to shifting our restricted stock grants from quarterly to annually.

Interest Income, Net

Interest income, net was $1.9 million and $0.5 million in Q3 2024 and Q3 2023, respectively, and was $5.0 million and $2.7 million in 2024 YTD and 2023 YTD, respectively. The increases were driven by increased earnings on our cash and cash equivalents in both periods and decreased borrowings on our revolving credit facility in 2024 YTD.

Equity Income from Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates

Equity income was $0.2 million in Q3 2024 compared to $0.1 million Q3 2023 and was $0.8 million in 2024 YTD compared to $1.2 million in 2023 YTD. The increase in Q3 2024 was driven by increased earnings on these affiliates. The decrease in 2024 YTD was primarily driven by a $0.6 million gain on the acquisition of four of these affiliates in 2023 YTD partially offset by increased earnings on these remaining affiliates.

Income Tax Expense

Our effective tax rate was 16.7% in Q3 2024 compared to 11.9% in Q3 2023 and was 15.1% in 2024 YTD compared to 12.9% in 2023 YTD. The increases were driven by a decrease in the impact of the FICA tip tax credit, which was driven by increased profitability.

In 2024, we expect an effective tax rate of approximately 15% based on forecasted operating results. In 2025, we expect an effective tax rate of 15% to 16% based on forecasted operating results.

Segment Information

We manage our restaurant and franchising operations by concept and as a result have identified Texas Roadhouse, Bubba's 33, Jaggers, and our retail initiatives as separate operating segments. Our reportable segments are Texas Roadhouse and Bubba's 33. The Texas Roadhouse reportable segment includes the results of our domestic company Texas Roadhouse restaurants and domestic and international franchise Texas Roadhouse restaurants. The Bubba's 33 reportable segment includes the results of our domestic company Bubba's 33 restaurants. Our remaining operating segments, which include the results of our domestic company and franchise Jaggers restaurants and the results of our retail initiatives, are included in Other. In addition, corporate-related assets, depreciation and amortization, and capital expenditures are also included in Other.

Management uses restaurant margin as the primary measure for assessing performance of our segments. Restaurant margin (in dollars and as a percentage of restaurant and other sales) represents restaurant and other sales less restaurant-level operating costs, including food and beverage costs, labor, rent, and other operating costs. Restaurant margin also includes sales and operating costs related to our non-royalty based retail initiatives that are included in Other. Restaurant margin is used by our CODM to evaluate restaurant-level operating efficiency and performance. A reconciliation of income from operations to restaurant margin is included in the Results of Operations section above.

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The following table presents a summary of restaurant margin by segment (in thousands):

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	13 Weeks Ended
​	September 24, 2024					​	September 26, 2023
Texas Roadhouse	$	190,549	​	16.1	%	​	$	154,465	​	14.7	%
Bubba's 33		10,490	​	14.3	​	​		7,499	​	12.3	​
Other		1,031	​	13.3	​	​		860	​	13.6	​
Total	$	202,070	​	16.0	%	​	$	162,824	​	14.6	%
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	39 Weeks Ended
​	September 24, 2024					​	September 26, 2023
Texas Roadhouse	$	634,324	​	17.3	%	​	$	503,660	​	15.5	%
Bubba's 33		35,219	​	16.2	​	​		25,584	​	13.9	​
Other		3,585	​	15.5	​	​		2,032	​	11.2	​
Total	$	673,128	​	17.2	%	​	$	531,276	​	15.4	%

In our Texas Roadhouse reportable segment , restaurant margin dollars increased $36.1 million or 23.4% in Q3 2024 and increased $130.7 million or 25.9% in 2024 YTD. The increases were primarily due to higher sales and improved labor productivity partially offset by wage and other labor inflation as well as higher general liability insurance expense in the 2024 YTD period.

In our Bubba’s 33 reportable segment , restaurant margin dollars increased $3.0 million or 39.9% in Q3 2024 and increased $9.6 million or 37.7% in 2024 YTD. The increases were primarily due to higher sales and improved labor productivity partially offset by wage and other labor inflation.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table presents a summary of our net cash provided by (used in) operating, investing, and financing activities (in thousands):

​	​	​	​	​
​	​	39 Weeks Ended
​		September 24, 2024		September 26, 2023
Net cash provided by operating activities	​	$ 516,089	​	$ 390,739
Net cash used in investing activities	​	(237,216)	​	(273,519)
Net cash used in financing activities	​	(193,914)	​	(221,757)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	​	$ 84,959	​	$ (104,537)

Net cash provided by operating activities was $516.1 million in 2024 YTD compared to $390.7 million in 2023 YTD. This increase was primarily due to an increase in net income and a favorable change in working capital.

Our operations have not required significant working capital and, like many restaurant companies, we have been able to operate with negative working capital, if necessary. Sales are primarily for cash, and restaurant operations do not require significant inventories or receivables. In addition, we receive trade credit for the purchase of food, beverages, and supplies, thereby reducing the need for incremental working capital to support growth.

Net cash used in investing activities was $237.2 million in 2024 YTD compared to $273.5 million in 2023 YTD. The decrease was primarily due to the acquisition of eight domestic franchise restaurants for $39.1 million in Q1 2023.

We require capital principally for the development of new company restaurants, the refurbishment or relocation of existing restaurants and the acquisition of franchise restaurants, as applicable. We either lease our restaurant site locations under operating leases for periods of five to 30 years (including renewal periods) or purchase the land when appropriate. As of September 24, 2024, we had developed 153 of the 657 company restaurants on land that we own.

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The following table presents a summary of capital expenditures (in thousands):

​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	39 Weeks Ended
​		September 24, 2024		​	September 26, 2023
New company restaurants	​	$	144,574	​	$	138,124
Refurbishment or expansion of existing restaurants	​		87,014	​		88,580
Relocation of existing restaurants	​	​	10,540	​	​	11,946
Capital expenditures related to Support Center office	​	​	4,411	​	​	5,245
Total capital expenditures	​	$	246,539	​	$	243,895

Our future capital requirements will primarily depend on the number and mix of new restaurants we open, the timing of those openings, and the restaurant prototype developed in a given fiscal year. These requirements will include costs directly related to opening, maintaining, or relocating restaurants and may also include costs necessary to ensure that our infrastructure is able to support a larger restaurant base.

We intend to satisfy our capital requirements over the next 12 months with cash on hand, net cash provided by operating activities and, if needed, funds available under our revolving credit facility. In 2024, we expect capital expenditures of $360 million to $370 million. In 2025, we expect capital expenditures of approximately $400 million.

Net cash used in financing activities was $193.9 million in 2024 YTD compared to $221.8 million in 2023 YTD. The decrease is primarily due to the $50 million repayment of our revolving credit facility in 2023 YTD partially offset by an increase in our quarterly dividend payment.

On February 14, 2024, our Board authorized the payment of a quarterly cash dividend of $0.61 per share of common stock compared to the quarterly dividend of $0.55 per share of common stock declared in 2023. The payment of quarterly dividends totaled $122.2 million and $110.4 million in 2024 YTD and 2023 YTD, respectively.

On March 17, 2022, our Board approved a stock repurchase program under which we may repurchase up to $300.0 million of our common stock. This stock repurchase program has no expiration date. All repurchases to date under our stock repurchase programs have been made through open market transactions.

During 2024 YTD and 2023 YTD, we paid $44.7 million and $45.2 million, respectively, to repurchase 278,914 shares and 414,319 shares, respectively, of our common stock. As of September 24, 2024, $72.2 million remained under our authorized stock repurchase program.

We maintain a credit facility with a syndicate of commercial lenders led by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and PNC Bank, N.A. The credit facility is an unsecured, revolving credit agreement and has a borrowing capacity of up to $300.0 million with the option to increase by an additional $200.0 million subject to certain limitations, including approval by the syndicate of commercial lenders. The credit facility has a maturity date of May 1, 2026.

As of September 24, 2024 and December 26, 2023, we had no outstanding borrowings under the credit facility and had $295.3 million of availability, net of $4.7 million of outstanding letters of credit, respectively.

The interest rate for the credit facility as of September 24, 2024 and September 26, 2023 was 5.72% and 6.19%, respectively.

The lenders’ obligation to extend credit pursuant to the credit facility depends on us maintaining certain financial covenants, including a minimum consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio and a maximum consolidated leverage ratio. The credit facility permits us to incur additional secured or unsecured indebtedness, except for the incurrence of secured indebtedness that in the aggregate is equal to or greater than $125.0 million and 20% of our consolidated tangible net worth. We were in compliance with all financial covenants as of September 24, 2024.

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Guarantees

As of September 24, 2024 and December 26, 2023, we were contingently liable for $9.7 million and $10.4 million, respectively, for seven lease guarantees. These amounts represent the maximum potential liability of future payments under the guarantees. In the event of default, the indemnity and default clauses in our assignment agreements govern our ability to pursue and recover damages incurred. No material liabilities have been recorded as of September 24, 2024 and December 26, 2023 as the likelihood of default was deemed to be less than probable and the fair value of the guarantees is not considered significant.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RIS K

We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates on variable rate debt and changes in commodity prices. Our exposure to interest rate fluctuations is limited to our outstanding bank debt. The terms of the credit facility require us to pay interest on outstanding borrowings at SOFR, plus a fixed adjustment of 0.10%, plus a variable adjustment of 0.875% to 1.875% depending on our consolidated leverage ratio. As of September 24, 2024, we had no outstanding borrowings under our credit facility.

In an effort to secure high quality, low-cost ingredients used in the products sold in our restaurants, we employ various purchasing and pricing contract techniques. When purchasing certain types of commodities, we may be subject to prevailing market conditions resulting in unpredicta ble price volatility. For certain commodities, we may also enter into contracts for terms of one year or less that are either fixed price agreements or fixed volume agreements where the price is negotiated with reference to fluctuating market prices. We currently do not use financial instruments to hedge commodity prices, but we will continue to evaluate their effectiveness. Extreme and/or long-term increases in commodity prices could adversely affect our future results, especially if we are unable, primarily due to competitive reasons, to increase menu prices. Additionally, if there is a time lag between the increasing commodity prices and our ability to increase menu prices or if we believe the commodity price increase to be short in duration and we choose not to pass on the cost increases, our short-term financial results could be negatively affected.

We are subject to business risk as our beef supply is highly dependent upon four vendors. If these vendors are unable to fulfill their obligations under their contracts, we may encounter supply shortages and/or higher costs to secure adequate supply and a possible loss of sales, any of which would harm our business.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURE S

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to, and as defined in, Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d- 15(e) under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on the evaluation, performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer (the "CEO") and the Chief Financial Officer (the "CFO"), our management, including the CEO and CFO, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 24, 2024.

Changes in Internal Control

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the 13 weeks ended September 24, 2024 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATIO N

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDING S

Occasionally, we are a defendant in litigation arising in the ordinary course of our business, including "slip and fall" accidents, employment related claims, claims related to our service of alcohol, and claims from guests or employees alleging illness, injury or food quality, health or operational concerns. None of these types of litigation, most of which are covered by insurance at varying retention levels, has had a material adverse effect on us during the periods covered by this report and, as of the date of this report, we are not party to any litigation that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our business.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTOR S

Information regarding risk factors appears in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 26, 2023, under the heading "Special Note Regarding Forward-looking Statements" and in the Form 10-K Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors. There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 26, 2023.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEED S

In 2008, our Board approved our first stock repurchase program. From inception through September 24, 2024, we have paid $728.2 million through our authorized stock repurchase programs to repurchase 21,775,382 shares of our common stock at an average price per share of $33.44. On March 17, 2022, our Board approved a stock repurchase program which authorized us to repurchase up to $300.0 million of our common stock. This stock repurchase program has no expiration date. All repurchases to date under our stock repurchase programs have been made through open market transactions. The timing and the amount of any repurchases through this program will be determined by management under parameters established by the Board, based on an evaluation of our stock price, market conditions and other corporate considerations, including complying with Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements under the Exchange Act.

For the 13 weeks ended September 24, 2024, we paid $9.6 million to repurchase 56,248 shares of our common stock. As of September 24, 2024, $72.2 million remained authorized for stock repurchases.

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​		​		​	​		​		Maximum Number
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	(or Approximate
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	Total Number of	​	Dollar Value)
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	Shares Purchased	​	of Shares that
​	​	Total Number	​	Average		​	as Part of Publicly	​	May Yet Be
​	​	of Shares	​	Price Paid		​	Announced Plans	​	Purchased Under the
Period	​	Purchased	​	per Share		​	or Programs	​	Plans or Programs
June 26 to July 23		48,748	​	$	169.95		48,748	​	$	73,460,525
July 24 to August 20		7,500	​	$	168.75		7,500	​	$	72,194,875
August 21 to September 24		—	​	$	—		—	​	$	72,194,875
Total		56,248	​	​	​		56,248	​	​	​

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIE S

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

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ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans

During the 13 weeks ended September 24, 2024, no executive officer or director ado pted , modi fied , or termi nated a Rule 10b5-1 or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement, as such terms are defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit No.		Description
31.1	​	Certifications pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2	​	Certifications pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.3	​	Certifications pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1	​	Certifications pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS	​	Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	​	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	​	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	​	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	​	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	​	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	​	Cover page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

​	TEXAS ROADHOUSE, INC.
​	​	​
Date: November 1, 2024	By:	/s/ GERALD L. MORGAN
​	​	Gerald L. Morgan
​	​	Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
​	​	​
​	​	​
Date: November 1, 2024	By:	/s/ D. CHRISTOPHER MONROE
​	​	D. Christopher Monroe
​	​	Chief Financial Officer
​	​	(Principal Financial Officer)
​ ​	​	​
Date: November 1, 2024	By:	/s/ KEITH V. HUMPICH
​	​	Keith V. Humpich
​	​	Vice President of Finance
​	​	(Principal Accounting Officer)
​	​	​

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