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SUREFIRE RESOURCES NL Capital/Financing Update 2023

Jul 24, 2023

65857_rns_2023-07-24_7b78f513-19a2-45ac-9863-3b5544e58011.pdf

Capital/Financing Update

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25 July 2023
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ASSAYS CONFIRM SUCCESSFUL PRODUCTION OF 4N (99.99%) HIGH PURITY ALUMINA (HPA) FROM THE VICTORY BORE PROJECT

4N HPA represents a significant value-add to the Company’s high purity Vanadium Project

_______________

  • Test work has successfully confirmed the synthesis and production of 4N HPA (99.99%) from the Company’s Victory Bore deposit, with a highest value achieved of 99.992%. Further optimisation is expected to improve these initial results.

  • The Company appointed Lava Blue Ltd (Lava Blue) in March 2023 to undertake a study on High Purity Alumina (HPA) production as an additional product from its 100% owned Victory Bore deposit (see ASX announcement 21 March 2023).

  • The Company’s Victory Bore deposit is unique in having exceptionally high Aluminium Oxide in the waste rock with grades up to 31.4% Al2O3 .

  • The high grades of Aluminium oxide in the waste rock provide the company with a significant advantage: A potential low-cost feedstock for high value HPA production.

  • 4N HPA is an in-demand material, used in applications including coatings for lithium ion battery separators, LED production, and synthetic sapphire production.

  • HPA markets are growing and 4N products currently achieve up to USD$25,000$40,000/tonne. ( Source MarketCap.com.au )

  • Surefire announced a maiden Mineral Resource Estimate of 38Mt[1] @ 23.3% Al2O3 (see ASX announcement 8 June 2023) over a portion of the Victory Bore deposit providing the Company with a significant value addition to the planned Vanadium extraction operation. This maiden resource could be increased subject to further drilling and assaying. ([1] Total number may have rounding errors. Aluminium resource based on a 22.0 % Al2O3 cut-off. Estimation by HGMC using ordinary kriging)

_______________

Management Comment: Mr Paul Burton, Managing Director said:This successful test work result adds significant value to the Company’s Victory Bore deposit. HPA from such a host rock raises important possibilities for the Company’s future development strategy. We will now consider the feasibility of HPA production in the development plans for the Victory Bore Vanadium Project”.

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ASX Announcement ASX Codes: SRN

Surefire Resources NL (“ Surefire ” or “the Company ”) is pleased to provide an update on its strategy for production of High Purity Alumina (HPA) as a secondary product to Vanadium from its 100% owned flagship Victory Bore Vanadium project, located 400km from Geraldton Port in Western Australia. Figure 1.

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Figure 1 Location of Victory Bore project

The Victory Bore project contains strongly elevated Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) in the host rock surrounding the high-grade Vanadium resource (see figure 2). When mined and the magnetite extracted, this material would effectively be waste rock from which HPA could be commercially extracted.

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ASX Announcement ASX Codes: SRN

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Figure 2: Cross section showing the high Aluminium Oxide grade in yellow, from RC drilling.

Significantly, the extraction of HPA from a hard rock source that occurs at Victory Bore provides the Company with a low-cost feedstock for high value HPA production.

Lava Blue HPA Test Work

Lava Blue was contracted to undertake laboratory test work to demonstrate a method to produce 4N (99.99%) purity alumina from this material, (refer ASX announcement 21 March 2023). Lava Blue uses a proprietary process developed with Queensland University of Technology (QUT) where the test work is undertaken.

Test work stages involved the following:

  1. Initial characterisation of Surefire Resources samples;

  2. Extraction of the Aluminium from the Surefire Resources sample using the standard Lava Blue process producing necessary intermediaries;

  3. Analysis of the intermediaries for impurities and if impurities were unacceptable, investigation of methods and additional processing to either reduce or eliminate impurities; and

  4. When intermediaries of suitable purity were produced, synthesis and production of HPA.

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ASX Announcement ASX Codes: SRN


Samples

A total of 6 samples of 2-3kg each were sent to Lava Blue In Queensland. These samples were collected from RC drill hole material representative of the Victory Bore deposit, where high Al203 content was observed in previous laboratory assay results (see ASX announcement 21 March 2023). Refer table 1 for drill collars and intercepts.

Hole ID Easting Northing Rl Azimuth Dip Sample Id From To Al2O3 %
VBRC0009 694835 6871751 475 270 -60 VBRC0694 2 4 12.3
VBRC0009 694835 6871751 475 270 -60 VBRC0699 12 14 23.62
VBRC0017 695056 6872055 475 270 -60 VBRC1051 24 26 24.31
VBRC0018 695024 6872048 475 270 -60 YSB18439 42 44 24.6
VBRC0018 695024 6872048 475 270 -60 YSB18448 44 46 23.8
VBRC0018 695024 6872048 475 270 -60 YSB15546 46 48 24.07

Table 1: Drill collars of samples collected for test work.

Characterisation

Assay X-Ray Fluorescence ( XRF ) of all samples showed that they should be prime candidates for HPA synthesis with suitable elevated Aluminium Oxide assays. Refer table 2:

Table 2: XRF of all six Surefire Resources samples (assays in %)

Name **Al2O3 ** BaO CaO **Cr2O3 ** **Fe2O3 ** **K2O ** **MgO ** MnO **Na2O ** **P2O5 ** **SO3 ** **SiO2 ** SrO **TiO2 ** **V2O5 ** LOI
YSB18439 24.68 0.01 11.25 <0.01 7.7 0.2 1.82 0.07 3.64 0.05 0.24 49.05 0.03 1.32 0.07 0.56
YSB18448 23.86 0.01 10.65 <0.01 9.56 0.1 1.66 0.07 3.32 0.06 0.26 47.48 0.03 1.72 0.1 1.04
YSB15446 24.07 0.01 10.9 <0.01 11.12 0.1 1.47 0.07 3.36 0.08 0.48 46.44 0.03 2.07 0.13 0.71
VBRC-9 23.62 0.01 10.5 0.04 13.25 0.13 1.48 0.07 3.05 0.02 0.01 44.82 0.02 2.46 0.18 0.6
VBRC-17 24.31 0.01 10.75 <0.01 8.29 0.12 1.78 0.06 3.43 0.06 0.01 49.2 0.03 1.36 0.08 1.12
VBRC-9 12.3 0.01 4.6 0.01 47.89 0.04 2.55 0.19 1.26 0.01 1.93 20.15 0.01 9.27 0.66 0.29

Characterisation by quantitative Xray Diffraction ( QXRD ) revealed that the main aluminium bearing phase present is plagioclase feldspar at approximately 70%. Refer table 3:

Table 3: Characterisation of Surefire samples

Table 3: Characterisation of Surefire samples
Phase composition Molecular formula (XRD reference) Weight Percent (%)
Quartz SiO2 1.25
Ilmenite FeTiO3 1.29
Magnetite Fe3O4 2.83
Dolomite CaMg(CO3)2 0.15
Gypsum CaSO4.2H2O 0.2
Actinolite Na0.8Ca1.73Mg1.88Mn0.16Fe2.72Fe0.32Al0.32Si7.68O22
(OH)2
12.12
Plagioclase (Albite) NaAlSi3O8 2.04
Plagioclase
(Andesine)
(Ca,Na)(Al,Si)4O8 67.09
Chlorite IIb (Mg,Fe)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·(Mg,Fe)3(OH)6 2.83
Amorphous 10.19
Total 99.99

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ASX Announcement ASX Codes: SRN


Following characterisation, 3 samples were selected for this initial test work:

Name Al2O3 Laboratory Number
YSB18439 24.68 RC1
YSB18448 23.86 RC2
YSB15446 24.07 RC3

Tests, results, and discussion

An initial leach was performed using standard Lava Blue processing conditions with approximately 100g of Surefire’s sample material and following this initial small-scale digestion, a larger 400g sample was processed under the same conditions.

The leachate underwent a series of recrystalisation phases to synthesise aluminium chloride hexahydrate ( ACH ). A total of 3 crystallisations were conducted with the ACH results. These were analysed using a standard Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectrometer ( ICP-OES ) and the final alumina purity was 99.57% from this initial result.

Investigation and previous test work by Lava Blue indicated that this initial lower purity result was not unexpected due to the sodium (Na) in the sample. When Na was excluded however, a calculated alumina purity result was projected to be 99.997% Al203. See table 4

Table 4: ICP-OES analysis of ACH synthesised at each stage of the recrystallisation process with project purity (%) and HPA elemental composition and alumina purity (%).

Element Concentration(mg/L) Concentration(mg/L) Concentration(mg/L)
RC1 RC2 RC3 Alumina
B 0.5068 0.1135 0.2150 2.375
Ca 39.16 1.575 1.537 3.385
Cr 4.918 1.908 0.9183 5.360
Fe 149.0 0.9263 0.08263 0.3660
K 2.262 0.00 0.09441 BDL
Mg 109.2 4.122 0.2895 2.284
Mn 2.218 0.8261 0.2768 0.8257
Na 5746 4158 1866 4152
Ni 0.5318 0.1363 0.1173 0.03040
Si 2.413 1.160 1.516 109.1
Ti 22.79 0.2862 0.02198 0.1603
V 45.52 2.415 0.1434 0.3024
Zn 0.4914 0.04736 0.1358 1.035
ACHpurity (%) 99.384 99.582 99.813
Projected Al2O3 purity (%) 96.919 97.912 99.064
Projected Al2O3 purity
(%) excluding Na %
99.792 99.992 99.997
Actual aluminapurity (%) 99.57

It was concluded that with Na removed, other impurities in the Surefire Leachate do not prevent the desired 4N from being achieved. Refinements of the standard Lava Blue process to chemically remove the Na from the leachate was carried out via separate proprietary processes, method A and B. Both achieved 4N HPA purity. Results are shown in table 5 and 6 below.

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ASX Announcement ASX Codes: SRN


Table5: ICP-OES results for the elemental composition of ACH and HPA, including projected alumina purity and final alumina purity obtained from method A.

Concentration (mg/kg) Concentration (mg/kg) Concentration (mg/kg)
Element RC1 RC2 RC3 Alumina
ACH purity (%) 99.977 99.998 99.999
Projected Alumina purity (%) 99.893 99.992 99.994
Alumina purity (%) 99.991

Table 6: ICP-OES results for the elemental composition of ACH and HPA, including projected alumina purity and final alumina purity obtained from method B.

inal alumina purity obtained from method B. method B. method B.
Concentration (mg/kg)
Element RC1 RC2 RC3 Alumina
ACH purity (%) 99.491 99.998 99.999
Projected Alumina purity (%) 97.607 99.989 99.998
Alumina purity (%) 99.992

Conclusion

The initial test work successfully confirmed the production of 4N HPA (99.99%), (see plates 1,2 below). Projected Alumina purity was as high as 99.998% with an actual maximum Alumina Purity achieved of 99.992% HPA.

The difference in predicted and actual results was due to silicon impurity, which may have been contamination but in any event can be removed in any future test work program.

The achievement of 4N was a prerequisite set by the Company as this is a grade required for the current and emerging HPA markets.

Further test work, optimisation and refinement of the Lava Blue process for treating the Victory Bore material may improve on this value. A 5N product (if achieved) would place Surefire as one of the highest purity producers.

Plates 1,2: Some of the first 4N 9.99% HPA generated by Lava Blue from the Company’s Victory Bore deposit.

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ASX Announcement ASX Codes: SRN

Next Steps

Surefire is exploring the additional value of another Critical Mineral with HPA production, in parallel with its plans to produce high purity Vanadium for the emerging Vanadium Redox Flow battery sector and other Vanadium markets.

The conclusions by Lava Blue on this successful initial test work provided further recommendation on optimisation opportunities. The Company will now consider the next phase of test work and explore end user commercial discussions.

The Company is currently undertaking a Pre-feasibility Study ( PFS ) on the world class Victory Bore Vanadium Project and will now consider incorporating these findings into that study, which is scheduled for completion by November 2023.

Authorised for ASX release by the Managing Director.

Inquiries: Paul Burton Managing Director.

About HPA

HPA is a recognised high value Critical Mineral with pricing between US$25,000 – US$40,000 per tonne.

4N HPA is an in-demand material, used in applications including coatings for lithium-ion battery separators, LED production, and synthetic sapphire production. It has unique properties: Chemical stability, high melting point, high mechanical strength, high hardness, good thermal conductivity, high insulation.

For Electric Vehicles (EV), there is approximately 5Kg of HPA used in each vehicle (source Mining, October 17, 2022 ). Recently HPA has been more widely adopted for use in ceramic coated separators in the Li-ion batteries and this source of new demand is expected to increase in the coming decade.

For LED production, 4NHPA (99.99% pure) is used predominantly for sapphire glass production, the essential material upon which every LED in the world is made.

The LED market is set to grow even faster than the current estimated Compound Annual Growth Rate ( CAGR ) of around 11% because of the impending global ban on manufacture of compact fluorescent light bulbs starting in November 2023, followed by a proposed ban on manufacture of linear fluorescent tubes in November 2025. This will drive a significant part of the global lighting task to adoption of LEDs.

Global total demand for HPA in 2022 was estimated at around 80,000 tpa but with robust CAGR’s of as much as 20% which promises as much as 200,000 tonnes of new global demand by the end of the decade. On top of the strong growth in demand for LEDs and ceramic coated separators, HPA is going through its own adoption curve into a wider range of applications, opening new market opportunities every year.

Virtually all HPA is manufactured today by chemical companies, utilising high purity, expensive aluminium metal as feedstock and a chemical process known as the alkoxide process. This technique allows producers to consistently meet 4N+ grade spec, but at relatively high overall product cost ( Source Scandium Int.).

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ASX Announcement ASX Codes: SRN


Some of the major companies using HPA are:

COMPANY LOCATION PRODUCTS
Baikowski France High Purity Alumina, Phosphor, Spinel, Zirconia,
Polishing Solu�ons & Nano-Dispersions for
ceramics andpolishingapplica�ons
Bestry Performance Materials Co. Ltd China Micron-sized
spherical
alumina
thermally
conduc�ve materials
Hebei Pengda New Material Technology Co.
Ltd
China Ceramic powder, high tech components and
addi�ves
Honghe Chemical China Electronic materials, technical ceramics, precision
polishing, func�onal addi�ves, catalyst, spraying
materials, semiconductor materials and crystal
materials
Nippon Light Metal Co. Ltd Japan Ceramics, electronics, addi�ves
Polar Sapphire Canada Semiconductor, aerospace, medical, clean tech and
green energy.
Rusal Russia
Sasol (USA) Corpora�on USA Advanced Materials; Base Chemicals; Essen�al
Care Chemicals;and Performance Solu�ons
Shandong
Keheng
Crystal
Material
TechnologyCo. Ltd
China Ceramics, electronics, addi�ves
Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd Japan Energy-efcient products, high-performance
polymer addi�ves and rubber chemicals, as well as
super engineering plas�cs and lithium-ion
secondary ba�ery materials used in electronic
components and next-genera�on vehicles.
Xuancheng Jingrui New Materials Co. Ltd China Largest manufacture of nanometer oxide material
in China

(Source: Mordor Intelligence)

About Lava Blue

Lava Blue is a successful minerals science company operating a long-term collaborative research agreement with the Queensland University of Technology and has developed methods for HPA production from a number of unconventional sources.

Using a range of aluminium rich waste materials and unconventional feedstocks the Lava Blue method has routinely produced >4N-HPA (>99.995% pure).

Lava Blue has recently commissioned a $5 million dollar R&D facility in Redlands, in Brisbane’s southeast, to demonstrate scaled up processing methods for HPA.

Lava Blue’s business plan is to run a licensing model based on IP, know-how and patents developed over the last 5 years in manufacturing HPA from a wide range of aluminium source materials. Lava Blue plans to support as many as 20,000 tonnes of new Australian HPA production utilising its proprietary systems and its HPA processing research and demonstration facility in Brisbane to establish licenced producers with demonstrated process flow sheets, lowest possible costs and high margins built on established QA/QMS systems and in depth understanding of down-stream market requirements.

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ASX Announcement ASX Codes: SRN

Competent Persons Statements:

The information in this report that relates to exploration results has been reviewed, compiled, and fairly represented by Mr Horst Prumm, a Member of the Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (‘AusIMM’) and the Australian Institute of Geoscience (‘AIG’) and a fulltime employee of Prumm Corporation Pty Ltd. Mr Prumm has sufficient experience relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposits under consideration to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of the Joint Ore Reserves Committee (‘JORC’) Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Minerals Resources and Ore Reserves. Mr Prumm consents to the inclusion in this report of the matters based on this information in the form and context in which it appears.

The information in this report that relates to the Victory Bore Project Vanadium & Aluminium mineral resource estimations is based on work completed by Mr. Stephen Hyland, a Competent Person and Fellow of the AusIMM. Mr. Hyland is Principal Consultant Geologist with Hyland Geological and Mining Consultants (HGMC), who is a Fellow of the Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy and holds relevant qualifications and experience as a qualified person for public reporting according to the JORC Code in Australia. Mr Hyland is also a Qualified Person under the rules and requirements of the Canadian Reporting Instrument NI43-101. Mr Hyland consents to the inclusion in this report of the information in the form and context in which it appears.

The information in this report that relates to metallurgical results has been reviewed, compiled, and fairly represented by Mr Damian Connelly, a Member of the Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (‘AusIMM’) and the Australian Institute of Geoscience (‘AIG’) and a fulltime employee of METS engineers. Mr Connelly has sufficient experience in the activity he is undertaking to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of the Joint Ore Reserves Committee (‘JORC’) Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Minerals Resources and Ore Reserves. Mr Connelly consents to the inclusion in this report of the matters based on this information in the form and context in which it appears.

Forward Looking Statements:

This announcement contains ‘forward-looking information’ that is based on the Company’s expectations, estimates and projections as of the date on which the statements were made. This forward-looking information includes, among other things, statements with respect to the Company’s business strategy, plans, development, objectives, performance, outlook, growth, cash flow, projections, targets and expectations, mineral reserves and resources, results of exploration and related expenses. Generally, this forward-looking information can be identified by the use of forwardlooking terminology such as ‘outlook’, ‘anticipate’, ‘project’, ‘target’, ‘potential’, ‘likely’, ‘believe’, ‘estimate’, ‘expect’, ‘intend’, ‘may’, ‘would’, ‘could’, ‘should’, ‘scheduled’, ‘will’, ‘plan’, ‘forecast’, ‘evolve’ and similar expressions. Persons reading this announcement are cautioned that such statements are only predictions, and that the Company’s actual future results or performance may be materially different. Forward-looking information is subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the Company’s actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking information.

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ASX Announcement ASX Codes: SRN

JORC Code, 2012 Edition:

Section 1: Sampling Techniques and Data

(Criteria in this section apply to all succeeding sections.)

Criteria Commentary
Sampling
Techniques
Samples were taken as splits from Reverse Circulation ("RC") drilling samples. Sample size was approximately 2kg –
3kg in weight.
Drilling
techniques
62 X 140mm RC holes were drilled for a total of 5,189 metres. The Reverse circulation rig used a downhole hammer
and face sampling button bit. Sample piles were recorded for each 6m rod. Rods were counted when pulled at the
end of each hole. Given the relatively short hole length, no down hole surveying instruments were used.
Drill sample
recovery
Geologist supervising the drilling program recorded each metre as it was drilled. Geological logs, samples logs, daily
drill logs, and sample piles all recorded hole depths. No aberrations were found. All logs of sampling and drilling
lengths matched. Each metre was recovered.
Logging Samples were geologically logged to the level of detail deemed appropriate for mineral exploration, with details
entered a geological database. Drilling logs record weathering, oxidation, mineralogy, colour, texture, structure
accessory minerals sulphides and mineralisation. All logging is quantitative. The drill holes reported were logged in
full.
Sub-sampling
techniques and
sample
preparation
Three tier riffle splitters were used to take one metre samples. Samples were combined to form 2m composites using
a 50% riffle splitter. Samples were sent to Lava Blue and QUT Queensland.
Quality of assay
data and
laboratory tests
All the experiments were carried out under supervision by Lava Blue personnel at the Queensland University of
Technology (QUT) and followed the standard Lava Blue methods for producing high purity alumina (HPA). Only the size
of the reaction varied. For the small scale experiments a 1L Schott bottle was used whereas for the larger scale
experiments a 2L Schott bottle was used. Laboratory tests were carried under supervision by Lava Blue using their
proprietary process. Assay and sample characterisation was carried out using XRF and QXRD. HPA analysis was by
standard ICP-OES.
Verification of
sampling and
assaying
The Company completed verification of the drill data points and relied on internal laboratory QA/QC checks for assaying.
Location of Data
Points
Initial drill hole collars were located with a Garman GPS. Final collar locations were located using a digital GPS,
accuracy +/- 10mm.
Drill hole location is reported using the GDA94_MGAz50 grid system.
Drill hole collar was located by GPS. Elevation value is in AHD.
Data spacing and
distribution
RC holes were drilled at approximately 25m across strike and 100m line spacings. The data spacing is considered
sufficient to assume geological and grade continuity. It is expected that this drilling will allow the estimation of
Inferred and Measured Mineral Resources. Samples were composited from 2m according to supervising geologist.
Orientation of
data in relation
to geological
structure
The drill hole was angled perpendicular to the strike of the target horizon to achieve unbiased sampling of the target
horizon.
Drill intersections are not true widths.
Sample security Samples were shipped in 2 separate shipments. Chain of custody of samples was managed by the Company, Lava Blue,
QUT and the laboratory. Duplicates are retained by the Company.
Audits or reviews The Company completed verification of the drill data points and relied on internal laboratory QA/QC checks for assaying.

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ASX Announcement ASX Codes: SRN

Section 2: Reporting of Exploration Results

(Criteria in this section apply to all succeeding sections.)

Criteria Commentary
Mineral tenement and
land tenure status
The test work results in this report relate to samples collected from Exploration Licence E57/1036. This EL is
100% owned by Surefire Resources NL and is currently a M in application - M57/656.
Exploration done by
other parties
Not Applicable. No other previous exploration Companies have assessed the Victory Bore deposit for HPA.
Geology The Project occurs within the Atley Igneous Complex in the East Murchison Mineral field of Western Australia.
The Atley Intrusion is an Anorthosite body that is elongate in an NNE/SSW orientation and runs along the axis
of the regional scale Youanmi Fault, a regionally dominant geological feature. Further drilling and assaying is
required to fully assess the geology and style of mineralisation. Mineralogy and petrology studies completed
suggest that host rocks are historical magnetite layers within intrusive Anorthosite, gabbro and ultra mafics.
Drill hole Information Drill hole collar and downhole orientation and depth information is tabulated and stored. No information has
been excluded.
Data aggregation
methods
Where assays were composited for summary purposes, all assays were weighted by drill interval. No high-grade
cuts have been applied to the sample data reported.
Where assays were composited for summary purposes, all assays were weighted by drill interval.
No metal equivalent values are used
Relationship between
mineralisation widths
and intercept lengths
The orientation of mineralization relative to the drill hole is depicted in figures. Drill intersections are not true
widths.
All drill hole results reported are downhole length, true widths are approximately 82.6% of the down hole
widths.
All drill hole results reported are downhole length, true widths are shown on figure 3 and in the text.
Diagrams Appropriate diagrams are included in the main body of this report.
Balanced Reporting Reporting of the test work results is considered balanced.
Other substantive
exploration data
No additional meaningful and material exploration data has been excluded from this report.
Further work Further test work is planned to refine and optimise the HPA extraction process.

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