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Smart Fish Wealthlink Holdings Limited — Proxy Solicitation & Information Statement 2026
May 29, 2026
48979_rns_2026-05-29_7cc9ada4-280a-4d76-8d45-5f3532a9f7c0.pdf
Proxy Solicitation & Information Statement
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Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited and The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited take no responsibility for the contents of this document, make no representation as to its accuracy or completeness and expressly disclaim any liability whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from or in reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of this document.

小魚盈通控股有限公司
SMART FISH WEALTHLINK HOLDINGS LIMITED
(Incorporated in Bermuda with limited liability)
(Stock Code: 139)
SUPPLEMENTAL ANNOUNCEMENT
Reference is made to the circular of the Company (the "Circular") dated 12 May 2026 in relation to, among other matters, the Acquisitions. Unless the context requires otherwise, capitalized terms used herein shall bear the same meaning as defined in the Circular.
In light of the non-compliance and in order to enhance its internal controls, the Company announces that it has engaged an independent professional firm (the "IC Consultant") to further review the Company's internal controls, in particular whether there are systematic weaknesses in its systems and controls for ensuring compliance with the Listing Rules. It is contemplated that the review will be completed in the second half of 2026 and the Company will take the measures to be suggested by the IC Consultant to enhance its internal controls to ensure that the enhanced internal controls and procedures are adequate and effective. Further announcement(s) in respect of the Company's enhancement plan of its process and procedures and timeline for completion, any significant updates or changes to previously announced remedial actions as well as completion of all remedial action (including the internal controls review) will be made by the Company as and when appropriate in compliance with the Listing Rules. The Board will confirm whether the enhanced internal controls and procedures are adequate and effective upon completion of the internal controls review.
Please refer to the Appendices A, B, C and D of this supplemental announcement for the accountants' reports of the Target Companies including the accountants' report of Target Companies A and B for the year ended 31 December 2023 and the accountants' report of the Target Companies C and D for the year ended 31 March 2023.
In respect of the management discussion and analysis of the Target Companies in Appendix III of the Circular, please refer to Appendix E of this supplemental announcement for additional disclosures.
By order of the Board
Smart Fish Wealthlink Holdings Limited
Chen Xiaodong
Executive Director
Hong Kong, 29 May 2026
As at the date of this announcement, the Board comprises the following Directors:
Executive Directors
Mr. Chen Changjiong (Chairman)
Mr. Chen Xiaodong (Vice Chairman)
Mr. Yu Qingrui
Mr. Wang Jinsong
Mr. Pang Min Quan
Dr. Foo Seck Chyn
Independent non-executive Directors
Mr. Chan Ngai Fan
Mr. Wu Ming
Ms. Li Meifeng
APPENDIX A - FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF THE TARGET COMPANY A
KTC Partners CPA Limited
Certified Public Accountants (Practising)
中瑞和信會計師事務所有限公司
ACCOUNTANTS' REPORT ON HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF CHINESE TOP ASSET MANAGEMENT HOLDINGS LIMITED TO THE DIRECTORS OF SMART FISH WEALTHLINK HOLDINGS LIMITED (FORMERLY KNOWN AS CENTRAL WEALTH GROUP HOLDINGS LIMITED)
The supplemental accountants' report set out below should be read together with the accountants' report on the historical financial information of Chinese Top Asset Management Holdings Limited (the "Target Company A") contained in the circular of Smart Fish Wealthlink Holdings Limited (the "Company") dated 12 May 2026. This supplemental accountants' report has been prepared for the purpose of including the omitted historical financial information for the year ended 31 December 2023 and to present the complete three-year financial track record for the Target Company A.
We report on the historical financial information of the Target Company A set out on pages A-4 to A-27, which comprises the statements of financial position of the Target Company A as at 31 December 2023, 2024 and 2025 and the statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income and the statements of changes in equity, for each of the years ended 31 December 2023, 2024 and 2025 (the "Relevant Periods"), and a summary of material accounting policies and other explanatory information (together, the "Historical Financial Information"). The Historical Financial Information set out on pages A-4 to A-27 forms an integral part of this report, which has been prepared for inclusion in the circular of the Company dated 12 May 2026 (the "Circular") in connection with the acquisition of 100% equity interests in the Target Company A by the Group which was completed on 25 February 2025.
Directors' responsibility for Historical Financial Information
The directors of the Target Company A are responsible for the preparation of Historical Financial Information that gives a true and fair view in accordance with the basis of preparation and presentation set out in note 1 to the Historical Financial Information.
The Underlying Financial Statements of the Target Company A as defined on page A-4, on which the Historical Financial Information is based, were prepared by the directors of the Target Company A. The directors of the Target Company A are responsible for the preparation of the Underlying Financial Statements that give a true and fair view in accordance with Hong Kong Financial Reporting Standards issued by the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants
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("HKICPA"), and for such internal control as the directors of the Target Company A determine is necessary to enable the preparation of the Underlying Financial Statements that is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
Reporting accountants' responsibility
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Historical Financial Information and to report our opinion to you. We conducted our work in accordance with Hong Kong Standard on Investment Circular Reporting Engagements 200 "Accountants' Reports on Historical Financial Information in Investment Circulars" issued by the HKICPA. This standard requires that we comply with ethical standards and plan and perform our work to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the Historical Financial Information is free from material misstatement.
Our work involved performing procedures to obtain evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the Historical Financial Information. The procedures selected depend on the reporting accountants' judgement, including the assessment of risks of material misstatement of the Historical Financial Information, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the reporting accountants consider internal control relevant to the entity's preparation of Historical Financial Information that gives a true and fair view in accordance with the basis of preparation and presentation set out in note 1 to the Historical Financial Information in order to design procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity's internal control. Our work also included evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by the directors, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the Historical Financial Information.
We believe that the evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Opinion
In our opinion, the Historical Financial Information gives, for the purpose of the accountants' report, a true and fair view of the Target Company A's financial position as at 31 December 2023, 2024 and 2025 and of the Target Company A's financial performance and cash flows for the Relevant Periods in accordance with the basis of preparation and presentation set out in note 1 to the Historical Financial Information.
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Report on matters under the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited
Adjustments
In preparing the Historical Financial Information, no adjustments to the Underlying Financial Statements as defined on page A-4 have been made.
KTC Partners CPA Limited
Certified Public Accountants (Practising)
Chow Yiu Wah, Joseph
Practising Certificate Number: P04686
Hong Kong, 29 May 2026
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HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Set out below is the Historical Financial Information which forms an integral part of this accountants' report. The financial statements of the Target Company A for the Relevant Periods, on which the Historical Financial Information is based, were audited by KTC Partners CPA Limited in accordance with Hong Kong Standards on Auditing issued by the HKICPA (the "Underlying Financial Statements").
STATEMENTS OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
| For the year ended 31 December | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Note | 2023 | |||
| HK$'000 | 2024 | |||
| HK$'000 | 2025 | |||
| HK$'000 | ||||
| Revenue | 4 | – | – | – |
| Other income | 4 | 2 | – | 16,267 |
| Losses on disposal of equity investments | ||||
| at fair value through profit or loss | ||||
| ("FVTPL") | (24,749) | (9,412) | (44,316) | |
| Unrealised fair value losses of equity | ||||
| investments at FVTPL, net | 1,884 | (62,739) | – | |
| Administrative and other operating | ||||
| expenses | (245) | (17) | (68) | |
| Finance costs | 5 | (1,033) | (1,598) | (742) |
| Loss before tax | 6 | (24,141) | (73,766) | (28,859) |
| Income tax | 7 | – | – | – |
| Loss and total comprehensive loss for | ||||
| the year | (24,141) | (73,766) | (28,859) |
The accompanying notes form part of the Historical Financial Information.
STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
| At 31 December | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Note | 2023 | |||
| HK$'000 | 2024 | |||
| HK$'000 | 2025 | |||
| HK$'000 | ||||
| Current assets | ||||
| Equity investments at fair value | ||||
| through profit or loss | 9 | 14,118 | 45,761 | – |
| Amount due from ultimate holding | ||||
| company | 10 | – | – | 1,451 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 11 | 45 | 10 | 9 |
| 14,163 | 45,771 | 1,460 | ||
| Current liabilities | ||||
| Amount due to a shareholder | 12 | 114,471 | – | – |
| Amounts due to fellow subsidiaries | 12 | – | – | 28 |
| Other payable and accruals | 15,088 | 11,892 | 8,912 | |
| Other borrowing | 13 | 12,500 | 12,500 | – |
| 142,059 | 24,392 | 8,940 | ||
| NET (LIABILITIES)/ASSETS | (127,896) | 21,379 | (7,480) | |
| Capital and reserve | ||||
| Share capital | 14 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Capital contribution reserve | 14 | – | 223,041 | 223,041 |
| Accumulated losses | 14 | (127,906) | (201,672) | (230,531) |
| TOTAL (DEFICIT)/EQUITY | (127,896) | 21,379 | (7,480) |
The accompanying notes form part of the Historical Financial Information.
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
| | Share capital
HK$’000 | Capital contribution reserve
HK$’000 | Accumulated losses
HK$’000 | Total
HK$’000 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| At 1 January 2023 | 10 | – | (103,765) | (103,755) |
| Change in equity for the year: | | | | |
| Loss and total comprehensive loss for the year | – | – | (24,141) | (24,141) |
| As at 31 December 2023 and 1 January 2024 | 10 | – | (127,906) | (127,896) |
| Change in equity for the year: | | | | |
| Contribution from a shareholder | – | 223,041 | – | 223,041 |
| Loss and total comprehensive loss for the year | – | – | (73,766) | (73,766) |
| As at 31 December 2024 and 1 January 2025 | 10 | 223,041 | (201,672) | 21,379 |
| Change in equity for the year: | | | | |
| Loss and total comprehensive loss for the year | – | – | (28,859) | (28,859) |
| At 31 December 2025 | 10 | 223,041 | (230,531) | (7,480) |
The accompanying notes form part of the Historical Financial Information.
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STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| At 31 December | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | |||
| HK$'000 | 2024 | ||
| HK$'000 | 2025 | ||
| HK$'000 | |||
| Cash flows from operating activities | |||
| Loss before income tax | (24,141) | (73,766) | (28,859) |
| Adjustments for: | |||
| Finance costs | 1,033 | 1,598 | 742 |
| Unrealised fair value losses of | |||
| equity investments at FVTPL, net | (1,884) | 62,739 | - |
| Losses on disposal of equity investments at | |||
| FVTPL | 24,749 | 9,412 | 44,316 |
| Waiver of other borrowing | - | - | (16,259) |
| Operating loss before working capital changes | (243) | (17) | (60) |
| (Increase)/decrease in equity investments at | |||
| FVTPL | (25,392) | 4,706 | 1,445 |
| Increase in amount due from ultimate holding | |||
| company | - | - | (1,451) |
| Increase/(decrease) in other payable and accruals | 12,483 | (3,196) | (2,980) |
| Cash generated from/(used in) operating | |||
| activities | (13,152) | 1,493 | (3,046) |
| Interest paid | (1,033) | (1,598) | (742) |
| Net cash used in operating activities | (14,185) | (105) | (3,788) |
| Cash flows from financing activities | |||
| Proceed from other borrowing | - | - | 3,759 |
| Advance from fellow subsidiaries | - | - | 28 |
| Advance from a shareholder | 13,676 | 70 | - |
| Net cash generated from financing activities | 13,676 | 70 | 3,787 |
| Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (509) | (35) | (1) |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 554 | 45 | 10 |
| Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year | 45 | 10 | 9 |
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NOTES TO THE HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
1 BASIS OF PREPARATION AND PRESENTATION OF HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Chinese Top Asset Management Holdings Limited (the “Target Company A”) was incorporated in Hong Kong with limited liability. The registered office and principal place of business of the Target Company A is 5th Floor, Phase II, China Taiping Tower, 8 Sunning Road, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong. The principal activity of the Target Company A is investment holding in listed & unlisted securities during the Relevant Periods.
The statutory financial statements of Target Company A were prepared in accordance with HKFRS Accounting Standards and HKFRS for Private Entities Accounting Standards and have been audited by Albert Y K Lau & Co., for the year ended 31 December 2023 and for the period from 1 January 2024 to 25 February 2025.
The Historical Financial Information has been prepared in accordance with all applicable HKFRS Accounting Standards which collective term includes all applicable individual HKFRS Accounting Standards, Hong Kong Accounting Standards (“HKASs”) and Interpretations issued by the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants (“HKICPA”). Further details of the material accounting policies adopted are set out in note 2.
The HKICPA has issued a number of new and revised HKFRS Accounting Standards. For the purpose of preparing this Historical Financial Information, the Target Company A has adopted all applicable new and revised HKFRS Accounting Standards to the Relevant Periods, except for any new standards or interpretations that are not yet effective for the accounting period beginning on 1 January 2025. The revised and new accounting standards and interpretations issued but not yet effective for the Relevant Periods are set out in note 18.
The Historical Financial Information also complies with the applicable disclosure provisions of the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (the “Stock Exchange”).
The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to the Relevant Periods presented in the Historical Financial Information.
2 MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(a) Basis of measurement
The measurement basis used in the preparation of the Historical Financial Information is the historical cost basis except that equity investments at fair value as explained in the accounting policy set out in note 2(c).
(b) Use of estimates and judgements
The preparation of the Historical Financial Information in conformity with HKFRS Accounting Standards requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of policies and reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis of making the judgements about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
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The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.
Judgements made by management in the application of HKFRS Accounting Standards that have significant effect on the financial statements and major sources of estimation uncertainty are discussed in note 3.
(c) Financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when a entity becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All regular way purchases or sales of financial assets are recognised and derecognised on a trade date/settlement date basis. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value except for trade receivables arising from contracts with customers which are initially measured in accordance with HKFRS 15. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss ("FVTPL")) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at FVTPL are recognised immediately in profit or loss.
The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial asset or financial liability and of allocating interest income and interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts and payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset or financial liability, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.
Interest/dividend income which are derived from the Target Company A's ordinary course of business are presented as revenue.
Financial assets
Classification and subsequent measurement of financial assets
Financial assets that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at amortised cost:
- the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to collect contractual cash flows; and
- the contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount.
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Financial assets that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVTOCI”):
- the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both selling and collecting contractual cash flows; and
- the contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
All other financial assets are subsequently measured at FVTPL, except that at initial recognition of a financial asset the Target Company A may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in fair value of an equity investment in other comprehensive income if that equity investment is neither held for trading nor contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in a business combination to which HKFRS 3 Business Combinations applies.
A financial asset is classified as held for trading if:
- it has been acquired principally for the purpose of selling in the near term; or
- on initial recognition it is a part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the group manages together and has a recent actual pattern of short-term profit-taking; or
- it is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument.
In addition, the Target Company A may irrevocably designate a financial asset that are required to be measured at the amortised cost or FVTOCI as measured at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch.
(i) Amortised cost and interest income
Interest income is recognised using the effective interest method for financial assets measured subsequently at amortised cost. Interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount of a financial asset, except for financial assets that have subsequently become credit-impaired (see below). For financial assets that have subsequently become credit-impaired, interest income is recognised by applying the effective interest rate to the amortised cost of the financial asset from the next reporting period. If the credit risk on the credit impaired financial instrument improves so that the financial asset is no longer credit-impaired, interest income is recognised by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset from the beginning of the reporting period following the determination that the asset is no longer credit impaired.
(ii) Financial assets at FVTPL
Financial assets that do not meet the criteria for being measured at amortised cost or FVTOCI or designated as FVTOCI are measured at FVTPL.
Financial assets at FVTPL are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any fair value gains or losses recognised in profit or loss. The net gain or loss recognised in profit or loss excludes any dividend or interest earned on the financial asset and is presented as the “other income and gain” line item.
A-10
Impairment of financial assets
The Target Company A performs impairment assessment under expected credit losses (“ECL”) model on financial assets which are subject to impairment under HKFRS 9. The amount of ECL is updated at each reporting date to reflect changes in credit risk since initial recognition.
Lifetime ECL represents the ECL that will result from all possible default events over the expected life of the relevant instrument. In contrast, 12-month ECL (“12m ECL”) represents the portion of lifetime ECL that is expected to result from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date. Assessment are done based on the Target Company A’s historical credit loss experience, adjusted for factors that are specific to the debtors, general economic conditions and an assessment of both the current conditions at the reporting date as well as the forecast of future conditions.
For all instruments, the Target Company A measures the loss allowance equal to 12m ECL, unless when there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, in which case the Target Company A recognises lifetime ECL. The assessment of whether lifetime ECL should be recognised is based on significant increases in the likelihood or risk of a default occurring since initial recognition.
(i) Significant increase in credit risk
In assessing whether the credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition, the Target Company A compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the date of initial recognition. In making this assessment, the Target Company A considers both quantitative and qualitative information that is reasonable and supportable, including historical experience and forward-looking information that is available without undue cost or effort.
In particular, the following information is taken into account when assessing whether credit risk has increased significantly:
- an actual or expected significant deterioration in the financial instrument’s external (if available) or internal credit rating;
- significant deterioration in external market indicators of credit risk, e.g. a significant increase in the credit spread, the credit default swap prices for the debtor;
- existing or forecast adverse changes in business, financial or economic conditions that are expected to cause a significant decrease in the debtor’s ability to meet its debt obligations;
- an actual or expected significant deterioration in the operating results of the debtor;
- an actual or expected significant adverse change in the regulatory, economic, or technological environment of the debtor that results in a significant decrease in the debtor’s ability to meet its debt obligations.
Irrespective of the outcome of the above assessment, the Target Company A presumes that the credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition when contractual payments are more than 30 days past due, unless the Target Company A has reasonable and supportable information that demonstrates otherwise.
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(i) Significant increase in credit risk
Despite the foregoing, the Target Company A assumes that the credit risk on a debt instrument has not increased significantly since initial recognition if the debt instrument is determined to have low credit risk at the reporting date. A debt instrument is determined to have low credit risk if i) it has a low risk of default, ii) the borrower has a strong capacity to meet its contractual cash flow obligations in the near term and iii) adverse changes in economic and business conditions in the longer term may, but will not necessarily, reduce the ability of the borrower to fulfil its contractual cash flow obligations. The Target Company A considers a debt instrument to have low credit risk when it has an internal or external credit rating of ‘investment grade’ as per globally understood definitions.
The Target Company A regularly monitors the effectiveness of the criteria used to identify whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk and revises them as appropriate to ensure that the criteria are capable of identifying significant increase in credit risk before the amount becomes past due.
(ii) Definition of default
The Target Company A considers that default has occurred when a financial asset is more than 90 days past due unless the Target Company A has reasonable and supportable information to demonstrate that a more lagging default criterion is more appropriate.
(iii) Credit-impaired financial assets
A financial asset is credit-impaired when one or more events of default that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of that financial asset have occurred. Evidence that a financial asset is credit-impaired includes observable data about the following events:
(a) significant financial difficulty of the issuer or the borrower;
(b) a breach of contract, such as a default or past due event;
(c) the lender(s) of the borrower, for economic or contractual reasons relating to the borrower’s financial difficulty, having granted to the borrower a concession(s) that the lender(s) would not otherwise consider;
(d) it is becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganisation; or
(e) the disappearance of an active market for that financial asset because of financial difficulties.
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(iv) Write-off policy
The Target Company A writes off a financial asset when there is information indicating that the counterparty is in severe financial difficulty and there is no realistic prospect of recovery, for example, when the counterparty has been placed under liquidation or has entered into bankruptcy proceedings, or in the case of trade receivables, when the amounts are over one year past due, whichever occurs sooner. Financial assets written off may still be subject to enforcement activities under the Target Company A's recovery procedures, taking into account legal advice where appropriate. A write-off constitutes a derecognition event. Any subsequent recoveries are recognised in profit or loss.
(v) Measurement and recognition of ECL
The measurement of ECL is a function of the probability of default, loss given default (i.e. the magnitude of the loss if there is a default) and the exposure at default. The assessment of the probability of default and loss given default is based on historical data adjusted by forward-looking information. Estimation of ECL reflects an unbiased and probability-weighted amount that is determined with the respective risks of default occurring as the weights. The Target Company A uses a practical expedient in estimating ECL on trade receivables using a provision matrix taking into consideration historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forward looking information that is available without undue cost or effort.
Generally, the ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Target Company A in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the Target Company A expects to receive, discounted at the effective interest rate determined at initial recognition.
Lifetime ECL for certain trade receivables are considered on a collective basis taking into consideration past due information and relevant credit information such as forward looking macroeconomic information.
For collective assessment, the Target Company A takes into consideration the following characteristics when formulating the grouping:
- Past-due status;
- Nature, size and industry of debtors; and
- External credit ratings where available.
The grouping is regularly reviewed by management to ensure the constituents of each group continue to share similar credit risk characteristics.
Interest income is calculated based on the gross carrying amount of the financial asset unless the financial asset is credit impaired, in which case interest income is calculated based on mortised cost of the financial asset.
The Target Company A recognises an impairment gain or loss in profit or loss for all financial instruments by adjusting their carrying amount, with the exception of trade receivables where the corresponding adjustment is recognised through a loss allowance account.
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(vi) Derecognition of financial assets
The Target Company A derecognises a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the assets expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another entity.
On derecognition of a financial asset measured at amortised cost, the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognised in profit or loss.
Financial liabilities and equity instruments
Debt and equity instruments are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.
Financial liabilities
The Target Company A's financial liabilities include other borrowing, other payables and accruals, and amounts due to shareholders are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest method.
Derecognition
The Target Company A derecognises financial liabilities when, and only when, the Target Company A's obligations are discharged, cancelled or expire. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognised and the consideration paid and payable is recognised in profit or loss.
Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
(d) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and demand deposits, and short-term highly liquid investments which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, and have a short maturity of generally within three months when acquired.
(e) Income tax
Income tax for the year comprises current tax and movements in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Current tax and movements in deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised in profit or loss except to the extent that they relate to items recognised in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case the relevant amounts of tax are recognised in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.
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Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years/periods.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities arise from deductible and taxable temporary differences respectively, being the differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets also arise from unused tax losses and unused tax credits. Apart from differences which arise on initial recognition of assets and liabilities, all deferred tax liabilities, and all deferred tax assets to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the asset can be utilised, are recognised.
(f) Borrowing costs
All borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.
(g) Provisions and contingent liabilities
Provisions are recognised when the Target Company A has a legal or constructive obligation arising as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made. Where the time value of money is material, provisions are stated at the present value of the expenditure expected to settle the obligation.
Where it is not probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required, or the amount cannot be estimated reliably, the obligation is disclosed as a contingent liability, unless the probability of outflow of economic benefits is remote. Possible obligations, whose existence will only be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more future events, are also disclosed as contingent liabilities unless the probability of outflow of economic benefits is remote.
Where some or all of the expenditure required to settle a provision is expected to be reimbursed by another party, a separate asset is recognised for any expected reimbursement that would be virtually certain. The amount recognised for the reimbursement is limited to the carrying amount of the provision.
(h) Revenue recognition
Revenue from contracts with customers
Under HKFRS 15, the Target Company A recognises revenue when (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied, i.e. when "control" of the goods or services underlying the particular performance obligation is transferred to the customer.
A performance obligation represents a good or service (or a bundle of goods or services) that is distinct or a series of distinct goods or services that are substantially the same.
Control is transferred over time and revenue is recognised over time by reference to the progress towards complete satisfaction of the relevant performance obligation if one of the following criteria is met:
- the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Target Company A's performance as the Target Company A performs;
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- the Target Company A's performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as the Target Company A performs; or
- the Target Company A's performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the Target Company A and the Target Company A has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.
Otherwise, revenue is recognised at a point in time when the customer obtains control of the distinct good or service.
A contract liability represents the Target Company A's obligation to transfer goods or services that the Target Company A has transferred to a customer that is not yet unconditional. It is assessed for impairment in accordance with HKFRS 9. In contrast, a receivables represents the Target Company A's unconditional right to consideration. i.e. only the passage of time is required before payment of that consideration is due.
A contract liability represents the Target Company A's obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Target Company A has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer.
A contract asset and a contract liability relating to a contract are accounted for and presented on a net basis.
Other income
Profit on sales of listed investments is recognised on the trade date basis when the relevant transactions are executed.
(i) Related parties
(a) A person, or a close member of that person's family, is related to the Target Company A if that person:
(i) has control or joint control over the Target Company A;
(ii) has significant influence over the Target Company A; or
(iii) is a member of the key management personnel of the Target Company A or the Target Company A's parent.
(b) An entity is related to the Target Company A if any of the following conditions applies:
(i) The entity and the Target Company A are members of the same group (which means that each parent, subsidiary and fellow subsidiary is related to the others).
(ii) One entity is an associate or a joint venture of the other entity (or an associate or a joint venture of a member of a group of which the other entity is a member).
(iii) Both entities are joint ventures of the same third party.
A-16
(iv) One entity is a joint venture of a third entity and the other entity is an associate of the third entity.
(v) The entity is a post-employment benefit plan for the benefit of employees of either the Target Company A or an entity related to the Target Company A.
(vi) The entity is controlled or jointly controlled by a person identified in (a) above.
(vii) A person identified in (a)(i) above has significant influence over the entity or is a member of the key management personnel of the entity (or of a parent of the entity).
(viii) The entity, or any member of a group of which it is a part, provides key management personnel services to the Target Company A or to the Target Company A's parent.
Close members of the family of a person are those family members who may be expected to influence, or be influenced by, that person in their dealings with the entity.
(j) Foreign exchange
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency of the Target Company A using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Exchange differences arising from the settlement of such transactions and from the retranslation at the year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in profit or loss.
(k) Fair value measurement
When measuring fair value, the Target Company A takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Target Company A uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
Specifically, the Target Company A categorised the fair value measurements into three levels, based on the characteristics of inputs, as follow:
Level 1 – Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 – Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.
Level 3 – Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
At the end of the reporting period, the Target Company A determines whether transfer occur between levels of the fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities which are measured at fair value on recurring basis by reviewing their respective fair value measurement.
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A-18
3 CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENT AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY
Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experiences and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.
The Target Company A makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and assumptions that may have a significant effect on the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below.
(i) Current and deferred income taxes
The Target Company A makes a provision for current income tax based on estimated taxable income for the year. The estimated income tax liabilities are primarily computed based on the tax computations as prepared by the Target Company A. If the Target Company A considers it probable that these queries or judgements will result in different tax positions, the most likely amounts of the outcome will be estimated and adjustments to the income tax expense and income tax liabilities will be made accordingly.
The Target Company A recognises deferred income tax assets based on profits forecasts prepared by management. When the expectation is different from the original estimates, such differences will impact the recognition of deferred income tax assets and taxation charges in the period in which such estimate is changed.
(ii) Fair value of financial instruments
Refer to Note 9 to the financial statements
As at 31 December 2024, financial assets at fair value through profit or loss of approximately HK$45,761,000, which do not have open market quoted values, were measured based on significant unobservable inputs and classified as “Level 3” financial instruments. The fair value is determined using valuation techniques including the enterprise Value-to-Revenue method. The inputs to the model is taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is required in establishing fair value. The judgements include considerations of inputs such as forward revenue for the year 2025 which is referenced from the forecast in a listing prospectus and a forward enterprise value-to-revenue ratio multiples of the guideline public companies. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.
4 REVENUE AND OTHER INCOME
Revenue
There was no revenue generated during the Relevant Periods.
A-19
Other Income
| For the year ended 31 December | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |
| Waiver of other borrowing | – | – | 16,259 |
| Foreign exchange gains, net | 2 | – | 8 |
| 2 | – | 16,267 |
5 FINANCE COSTS
| For the year ended 31 December | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |
| Interest on other borrowing | 875 | 877 | 213 |
| Interest on securities account | 158 | 721 | 529 |
| 1,033 | 1,598 | 742 |
6 LOSS BEFORE TAX
Loss before taxation is arrived at after charging:
| For the year ended 31 December | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |
| Auditors’ remuneration | 25 | – | 60 |
INCOME TAX
(a) No provision was made for the Hong Kong Profits Tax as the Target Company A sustained a loss for taxation purposes during the years ended 31 December 2023, 2024 and 2025.
(b) Reconciliation between tax expense and loss before tax and applicable tax rates:
| For the year ended 31 December | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |
| Loss before tax | (24,141) | (73,766) | (28,859) |
| Notional tax on loss before taxation calculated at 16.5% | (3,983) | (12,171) | (4,762) |
| Tax effect of current year's tax loss not recognised | 3,983 | - | - |
| Tax effect of non taxable income | - | - | (2,682) |
| Tax effect of non deductible expense | - | 12,171 | 7,444 |
| Income tax | - | - | - |
(c) No deferred tax has been recognised as there were no material temporary differences during the relevant periods.
DIRECTORS' EMOLUMENTS
During the Relevant Periods, no directors' fees, salaries, allowances and benefits in kind, discretionary bonuses, and retirement scheme contributions were paid/payable to the directors of the Target Company A.
EQUITY INVESTMENTS AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS
| At 31 December | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |
| Unlisted investment in Cayman Islands, at fair value | |||
| Global IBO Group Ltd.* | - | 45,761 | - |
| Listed investment in United States, at fair value | |||
| GIBO Holdings Ltd. | - | - | - |
| Listed investment in Hong Kong, at fair value | |||
| Blue River Holdings Limited | 14,118 | - | - |
- Unlisted shares of Global IBO Group Limited were converted into listed shares of GIBO Holdings Limited under a de-SPAC transaction as disclosed in the Company's announcement, dated 13 May 2025.
Note: The fair values of listed equity are based on quoted market prices. The fair values of the unlisted equity securities are determined according to Note 15(ii)(d) of the financial statements.
A-20
A-21
10 AMOUNT DUE FROM ULTIMATE HOLDING COMPANY
The amount due from ultimate holding company is unsecured, interest-free and have no fixed terms of repayment.
11 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Cash at banks earns interest at floating rates based on daily bank deposit rates. The bank balances are deposited with creditworthy banks with no recent history of default. The carrying amounts of the cash and cash equivalents approximate their fair values.
12 AMOUNTS DUE TO A SHAREHOLDER/FELLOW SUBSIDIARIES
The amounts due to a shareholder/fellow subsidiaries are unsecured, interest-free and have no fixed terms of repayment.
13 OTHER BORROWING
| At 31 December | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |
| Other borrowing – unsecured | 12,500 | 12,500 | – |
As at 31 December 2023 and 2024, other borrowings of HK$12,500,000 carried interest at a fixed interest rate of 7% per annum.
14 CAPITAL, RESERVE AND DIVIDENDS
(a) Share Capital
| No. of shares | Amount | |
|---|---|---|
| '000 | HK$'000 | |
| Issued and fully paid: | ||
| At 1 January 2023, 31 December 2023, 1 January 2024, | ||
| 31 December 2024, 1 January 2025 and 31 December 2025 | 10 | 10 |
(b) Movements in component of equity
Details of the changes in the Target Company A's individual components of equity between the beginning and the end of the year are set out below:
| | Share Capital
HK$'000 | Capital contribution reserve
HK$'000 | Accumulated losses
HK$'000 | Total
HK$'000 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| At 1 January 2023 | 10 | – | (103,765) | (103,755) |
| Change in equity for the year: | | | | |
| Loss and total comprehensive loss | – | – | (24,141) | (24,141) |
| At 31 December 2023 and 1 January 2024 | 10 | – | (127,906) | (127,896) |
| Change in equity for the year: | | | | |
| Contribution from a shareholder* | – | 223,041 | – | 223,041 |
| Loss and total comprehensive loss | – | – | (73,766) | (73,766) |
| At 31 December 2024 and 1 January 2025 | 10 | 223,041 | (201,672) | 21,379 |
| Change in equity for the year: | | | | |
| Loss and total comprehensive loss | – | – | (28,859) | (28,859) |
| At 31 December 2025 | 10 | 223,041 | (230,531) | (7,480) |
- On 30 November 2024, a contribution of approximately HK$223,041,000 was provided by a shareholder of the Target Company A.
(c) Dividends
No dividend was paid or proposed by director of Target Company A during the Relevant Periods.
(d) Capital management
The Target Company A's primary objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Target Company A's ability to continue as a going concern, so that it can continue to provide returns for the shareholders and by securing access to finance at a reasonable cost.
The Target Company A's capital structure is regularly reviewed and managed with due regard to the capital management practices of the Target Company A. Adjustments are made to the capital structure in light of changes in economic conditions affecting the Target Company A, to the extent that these do not conflict with the directors' fiduciary duties towards the Target Company A. The results of the directors' review of the Target Company A's capital structure are used as a basis for the determination of the level of dividends, if any, that are declared. The Target Company A's overall strategy remains unchanged throughout the Relevant Periods.
A-22
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT AND FAIR VALUES
(i) Categories of financial instruments:
| At 31 December | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |
| Financial assets | |||
| At amortised cost | 45 | 10 | 1,460 |
| At fair value through profit and loss | 14,118 | 45,761 | - |
| 14,163 | 45,771 | 1,460 | |
| Financial liabilities | |||
| At amortised cost | 142,059 | 24,392 | 8,940 |
(ii) Financial risk management and fair values
Exposure to credit, liquidity and interest rate risks arises in the normal course of the Target Company A's business. The Target Company A's exposure to these risks and the financial risk management policies and practices used by the Target Company A to manage these risks are described below.
(a) Credit risk
The Target Company A has limited credit risk with its money deposited in financial institutions, which are leading and reputable and are assessed as having low credit risk. The Target Company A has not suffered any significant losses arising from the non-performance by these parties in the past and management does not expect this position to change in the future.
(b) Liquidity risk
The Target Company A's policy is to regularly monitor its liquidity requirements, including loan from a third party, other payables and accruals, and amounts due to shareholders, to ensure that it maintains adequate committed funding from other companies to meet its liquidity requirements in the short and longer term.
Given the amount due to shareholders has no fixed terms of repayment, the earliest settlement dates of the Target Company A's financial liabilities at the end of the reporting period are all within one year or on demand and the contractual amounts of the financial liabilities are all equal to their carrying amounts.
(c) Interest rate risk
The Target Company A is mainly exposed to cash flow interest rate risk in relation to variable-rate bank deposits which is mainly relating to the fluctuation of Hong Kong Prime Rate. The management of the Target Company A monitors the related interest rate risk exposure closely to minimise these interest rate risks.
A-23
The directors of the Target Company A consider that the exposure to cash flow interest rate risk on bank deposits are insignificant.
(d) Fair values measurement
(i) Financial assets measured at fair value
During the years ended 31 December 2023, 2024 and 2025, there were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2. Transfers in and out of Level 3 measurements are set out in the following table, which represents the changes of financial instruments in Level 3 for the year ended 31 December 2024 and 2025.
| Unlisted trading securities | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | |||
| HK$'000 | 2024 | ||
| HK$'000 | 2025 | ||
| HK$'000 | |||
| Opening balance | – | – | 45,761 |
| Additions | – | 108,500 | – |
| Change in fair value of financial assets at FVTPL | – | (62,739) | – |
| Transfers (Note) | – | – | (45,761) |
| Closing balance | – | 45,761 | – |
Note: During the year ended 31 December 2025, transfer from Level 3 to Level 1 was mainly due to the successful Initial Public Offering of the investee.
Valuation processes inputs and relationships to fair value (Level 3)
An independent valuation was performed by the valuer, Ascent Partners Valuation Service Limited, to determine the fair value of the Target Company A as at 31 December 2024. The staff of Ascent Partners Valuation Service Limited, includes Fellow Members from the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors who are experienced in the valuation unlisted securities.
The management of the Target Company A reviewed the valuations performed by the independent valuer for the financial reporting purposes, and held discussion with the independent valuer on the valuation assumptions and valuation results.
As the unlisted securities are not traded in an active market, the fair value has been determined using applicable valuation techniques including enterprise Value-to-Revenue method. This valuation method approaches require significant judgments, assumptions and inputs, including Forward Revenue for the year ended 2025 which is referenced from the forecast in the listing prospectus submitted by the Target Company A and the Forward Enterprise Value-to-Revenue multiples ("Forward EV/S") of the guideline public companies.
A-24
The quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements of investments in unlisted companies comprises:-
| Fair value as at 31 December 2024 HK$'000 | Significant unobservable inputs | Range of inputs at 31 December | Relationship of unobservable inputs to fair value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Investments in unlisted companies at FVTPL | 45,761 | Forecasted revenue for the year ended 31 December 2025 | USD443,900,000 | Commonly employed for companies that have yet to generate stable earnings or revenue but have high revenue growth expectation |
| Forward Price-to-Sales ratio | 1.14 to 13.86 |
(ii) Financial assets measured at fair value
The carrying amount of the Target Company A's financial instruments carried at other than fair value are not materially different from their fair values as at 31 December 2023, 2024 and 2025.
(e) Equity price risk
The Target Company A is exposed to equity price risk through its investments in equity securities measured at FVTPL. The management manages this exposure by maintaining a portfolio of investments with different risks. For equity securities measured at FVTPL, the Target Company A's equity price risk is mainly concentrated on equity instruments which are included in the Hang Seng Index.
A-25
NOTE TO THE STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Change in liabilities arising from financial activities
| Amount due to a shareholder HK$’000 | Amounts due to fellow subsidiaries HK$’000 | Other borrowing HK$’000 | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| As at 1 January 2023 | 100,795 | – | 12,500 | 113,295 |
| Cash flows | 13,676 | – | – | 13,676 |
| As at 31 December 2023 and 1 January 2024 | 114,471 | – | 12,500 | 126,971 |
| Cash flows | 70 | – | – | 70 |
| Non cash flows | ||||
| – purchase of equity investment at FVTPL | 108,500 | – | – | 108,500 |
| – waiver of amount | (223,041) | – | – | (223,041) |
| As at 31 December 2024 and 1 January 2025 | – | – | 12,500 | 12,500 |
| Cash flow | – | 28 | 3,759 | 3,787 |
| Non cash flows from waiver of amount | – | – | (16,259) | (16,259) |
| As at 31 December 2025 | – | 28 | – | 28 |
17 MATERIAL RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Apart from the transactions/balances disclosed elsewhere in the Historical Financial Information, the Target Company A did not enter into any other material related party transactions during the Relevant Periods.
A-26
A-27
18 POSSIBLE IMPACT OF AMENDMENTS, NEW STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS ISSUED BUT NOT YET EFFECTIVE FOR THE RELEVANT PERIODS
Up to the date of issue of the Historical Financial Information, the HKICPA has issued a number of new or amended standards, which are not yet effective for the Relevant Periods and which have not been adopted in the Historical Financial Information.
| Effective for accounting periods beginning on or after |
|---|
| Amendments to HKFRS 9 and HKFRS 7, Financial instruments: disclosures – Amendments to the classification and measurement of financial instruments |
| Amendments to HKFRS 9 and HKFRS 7, Contracts Referencing Nature-dependent Electricity |
| Annual improvements to HKFRSs – Volume 11 |
| HKFRS 18, Presentation and disclosure in financial statements |
| HKFRS 19, Subsidiaries without public accountability: disclosures |
| Amendments to HKFRS 10 and HKAS 28, Sale or contribution of assets between an investor and its associate or joint venture |
| Amendments to HKAS 21, Translation to a Hyperinflationary presentation currency |
The Target Company A is in the process of making an assessment of what the impact of these developments is expected to be in the period of initial application. So far it has concluded that the adoption of them is unlikely to have a significant impact on the Historical Financial Information.
19 SUBSEQUENT FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
No audited financial statements of the Target Company A have been prepared in respect of any period subsequent to 31 December 2025.
APPENDIX B - FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF THE TARGET COMPANY B
KTC Partners CPA Limited
Certified Public Accountants (Practising)
中瑞和信會計師事務所有限公司
ACCOUNTANTS' REPORT ON HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF BRIGHT JOY INVESTMENT LIMITED TO THE DIRECTORS OF SMART FISH WEALTHLINK HOLDINGS LIMITED (FORMERLY KNOWN AS CENTRAL WEALTH GROUP HOLDINGS LIMITED)
The supplemental accountants' report set out below should be read together with the accountants' report on the historical financial information of Bright Joy Investment Limited (the "Target Company B") contained in the circular of Smart Fish Wealthlink Holdings Limited (the "Company") dated 12 May 2026. This supplemental accountants' report has been prepared for the purpose of including the omitted historical financial information for the year ended 31 December 2023 and to present the complete three-year financial track record for the Target Company B.
We report on the historical financial information of the Target Company B set out on pages B-4 to B-24, which comprises the statements of financial position of the Target Company B as at 31 December 2023, 2024 and 2025 and the statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income and the statements of changes in equity, for each of the years ended 31 December 2023, 2024 and 2025 (the "Relevant Periods"), and a summary of material accounting policies and other explanatory information (together, the "Historical Financial Information"). The Historical Financial Information set out on pages B-4 to B-24 forms an integral part of this report, which has been prepared for inclusion in the circular of the Company dated 12 May 2026 (the "Circular") in connection with the acquisition of 51% equity interests in the Target Company B by the Group which was completed on 26 February 2025.
Directors' responsibility for Historical Financial Information
The directors of the Target Company B are responsible for the preparation of Historical Financial Information that gives a true and fair view in accordance with the basis of preparation and presentation set out in note 1 to the Historical Financial Information.
The Underlying Financial Statements of the Target Company B as defined on page B-4, on which the Historical Financial Information is based, were prepared by the directors of the Target Company B. The directors of the Target Company B are responsible for the preparation of the Underlying Financial Statements that give a true and fair view in accordance with Hong Kong Financial Reporting Standards issued by the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants
B-1
("HKICPA"), and for such internal control as the directors of the Target Company B determine is necessary to enable the preparation of the Underlying Financial Statements that is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
Reporting accountants' responsibility
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Historical Financial Information and to report our opinion to you. We conducted our work in accordance with Hong Kong Standard on Investment Circular Reporting Engagements 200 "Accountants' Reports on Historical Financial Information in Investment Circulars" issued by the HKICPA. This standard requires that we comply with ethical standards and plan and perform our work to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the Historical Financial Information is free from material misstatement.
Our work involved performing procedures to obtain evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the Historical Financial Information. The procedures selected depend on the reporting accountants' judgement, including the assessment of risks of material misstatement of the Historical Financial Information, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the reporting accountants consider internal control relevant to the entity's preparation of Historical Financial Information that gives a true and fair view in accordance with the basis of preparation and presentation set out in note 1 to the Historical Financial Information in order to design procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity's internal control. Our work also included evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by the directors, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the Historical Financial Information.
We believe that the evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Opinion
In our opinion, the Historical Financial Information gives, for the purpose of the accountants' report, a true and fair view of the Target Company B's financial position as at 31 December 2023, 2024 and 2025 and of the Target Company B's financial performance and cash flows for the Relevant Periods in accordance with the basis of preparation and presentation set out in note 1 to the Historical Financial Information.
B-2
Report on matters under the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited
Adjustments
In preparing the Historical Financial Information, no adjustments to the Underlying Financial Statements as defined on page B-4 have been made.
KTC Partners CPA Limited
Certified Public Accountants (Practising)
Chow Yiu Wah, Joseph
Practising Certificate Number: P04686
Hong Kong, 29 May 2026
B-3
HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Set out below is the Historical Financial Information which forms an integral part of this accountants' report. The financial statements of the Target Company B for the Relevant Periods, on which the Historical Financial Information is based, were audited by KTC Partners CPA Limited in accordance with Hong Kong Standards on Auditing issued by the HKICPA (the "Underlying Financial Statements").
STATEMENTS OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
| For the year ended 31 December | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Note | 2023 | |||
| HK$'000 | 2024 | |||
| HK$'000 | 2025 | |||
| HK$'000 | ||||
| Revenue | 4 | - | - | - |
| Losses on disposal of equity investments | ||||
| at fair value through profit or loss | ||||
| ("FVTPL") | - | - | (169,868) | |
| Unrealised fair value losses of equity | ||||
| investments at FVTPL, net | - | (32,293) | - | |
| Administrative and other operating | ||||
| expenses | (5) | (4) | (18) | |
| Finance costs | 5 | - | - | (63) |
| Written off on other receivables | - | - | (61,906) | |
| Loss before tax | 6 | (5) | (32,297) | (231,855) |
| Income tax | 7 | - | - | - |
| Loss and total comprehensive loss for | ||||
| the year | (5) | (32,297) | (231,855) |
The accompanying notes form part of the Historical Financial Information.
STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
| At 31 December | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Note | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
| HK$’000 | HK$’000 | HK$’000 | ||
| Current assets | ||||
| Equity investments at fair value through profit or loss | 9 | - | 171,606 | - |
| Other receivables | - | 67,976 | - | |
| Amounts due from shareholders | 10 | 10 | - | - |
| Amounts due from fellow subsidiaries | 10 | - | - | 6,072 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 11 | 27 | 27 | 2,021 |
| 37 | 239,609 | 8,093 | ||
| Current liabilities | ||||
| Amounts due to directors | 12 | 88 | 90 | - |
| Other payables and accruals | 5 | 7 | 436 | |
| 93 | 97 | 436 | ||
| NET (LIABILITIES)/ASSETS | (56) | 239,512 | 7,657 | |
| Capital and reserve | ||||
| Share capital | 13 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Capital contribution reserve | 13 | - | 271,865 | 271,865 |
| Accumulated losses | 13 | (66) | (32,363) | (264,218) |
| TOTAL (DEFICIT)/EQUITY | (56) | 239,512 | 7,657 |
The accompanying notes form part of the Historical Financial Information.
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
| | Share capital
HK$'000 | Capital contribution reserve
HK$'000 | Accumulated losses
HK$'000 | Total
HK$'000 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| As at 1 January 2023 | 10 | – | (61) | (51) |
| Change in equity for the year: | | | | |
| Loss and total comprehensive loss for the year | – | – | (5) | (5) |
| As at 31 December 2023 and 1 January 2024 | 10 | – | (66) | (56) |
| Change in equity for the year: | | | | |
| Contribution from shareholders | – | 271,865 | – | 271,865 |
| Loss and total comprehensive loss for the year | – | – | (32,297) | (32,297) |
| As at 31 December 2024 and 1 January 2025 | 10 | 271,865 | (32,363) | 239,512 |
| Change in equity for the year: | | | | |
| Loss and total comprehensive loss for the year | – | – | (231,855) | (231,855) |
| At 31 December 2025 | 10 | 271,865 | (264,218) | 7,657 |
The accompanying notes form part of the Historical Financial Information.
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| At 31 December | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |
| Cash flows from operating activities | |||
| Loss before income tax | (5) | (32,297) | (231,855) |
| Adjustments for: | |||
| Unrealised fair value losses of equity investments at FVTPL, net | - | 32,293 | - |
| Losses on disposal of equity investments at FVTPL | - | - | 169,868 |
| Written off on other receivables | - | - | 61,906 |
| Operating loss before working capital changes | (5) | (4) | (81) |
| Decrease in equity investments at FVTPL | - | 67,966 | - |
| Increase in other receivables | - | (67,966) | - |
| Increase/(decrease) in amounts due to directors | 5 | 2 | (90) |
| Increase in accrued expenses | - | 2 | - |
| Increase in other payable and accruals | - | - | 429 |
| Net cash generated from operating activities | - | - | 258 |
| Cash flows from investing activities | |||
| Acquisition of equity investment of FVTPL | - | - | (14,768) |
| Proceeds from disposal of equity investment of FVTPL | - | - | 16,506 |
| Net cash generated from investing activities | - | - | 1,738 |
| Cash flows from financing activities | |||
| Advance to fellow subsidiaries | - | - | (2) |
| Net cash used in financing activities | - | - | (2) |
| Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | - | - | 1,994 |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 27 | 27 | 27 |
| Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year | 27 | 27 | 2,021 |
B-7
NOTES TO THE HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
1 BASIS OF PREPARATION AND PRESENTATION OF HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Bright Joy Investment Limited (the “Target Company B”) was incorporated in Hong Kong with limited liability. The registered office and principal place of business of the Target Company B is 5th Floor, Phase II, China Taiping Tower, 8 Sunning Road, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong. The principal activity of the Target Company B is investment holding in listed and unlisted securities in the Relevant Periods.
The statutory financial statements of Target Company B were prepared in accordance with HKFRS Accounting Standards and Hong Kong Small and Medium-sized Entity Financial Reporting Standards (“SME-FRS”) and have been audited by OCG CPA Limited for the years ended 31 December 2023 and 2024.
The Historical Financial Information has been prepared in accordance with all applicable HKFRS Accounting Standards which collective term includes all applicable individual HKFRS Accounting Standards, Hong Kong Accounting Standards (“HKASs”) and Interpretations issued by the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants (“HKICPA”). Further details of the material accounting policies adopted are set out in note 2.
The HKICPA has issued a number of new and revised HKFRS Accounting Standards. For the purpose of preparing this Historical Financial Information, the Target Company B has adopted all applicable new and revised HKFRS Accounting Standards to the Relevant Periods, except for any new standards or interpretations that are not yet effective for the accounting period beginning on 1 January 2025. The revised and new accounting standards and interpretations issued but not yet effective for the Relevant Periods are set out in note 16.
The Historical Financial Information also complies with the applicable disclosure provisions of the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (the “Stock Exchange”).
The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to the Relevant Periods presented in the Historical Financial Information.
2 MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(a) Basis of measurement
The measurement basis used in the preparation of the Historical Financial Information is the historical cost basis except that equity investments at fair value as explained in the accounting policy set out in note 2(c).
(b) Use of estimates and judgements
The preparation of the Historical Financial Information in conformity with HKFRS Accounting Standards requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of policies and reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis of making the judgements about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
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The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.
Judgements made by management in the application of HKFRS Accounting Standards that have significant effect on the financial statements and major sources of estimation uncertainty are discussed in note 3.
(c) Financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when a entity becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All regular way purchases or sales of financial assets are recognised and derecognised on a trade date/settlement date basis. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value except for trade receivables arising from contracts with customers which are initially measured in accordance with HKFRS 15. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss ("FVTPL")) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at FVTPL are recognised immediately in profit or loss.
The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial asset or financial liability and of allocating interest income and interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts and payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset or financial liability, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.
Interest/dividend income which are derived from the Target Company B's ordinary course of business are presented as revenue.
Financial assets
Classification and subsequent measurement of financial assets
Financial assets that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at amortised cost:
- the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to collect contractual cash flows; and
- the contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount.
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Financial assets that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVTOCI”):
- the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both selling and collecting contractual cash flows; and
- the contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
All other financial assets are subsequently measured at FVTPL, except that at initial recognition of a financial asset the Target Company B may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in fair value of an equity investment in other comprehensive income if that equity investment is neither held for trading nor contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in a business combination to which HKFRS 3 Business Combinations applies.
A financial asset is classified as held for trading if:
- it has been acquired principally for the purpose of selling in the near term; or
- on initial recognition it is a part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the group manages together and has a recent actual pattern of short-term profit-taking; or
- it is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument.
In addition, the Target Company B may irrevocably designate a financial asset that are required to be measured at the amortised cost or FVTOCI as measured at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch.
(i) Amortised cost and interest income
Interest income is recognised using the effective interest method for financial assets measured subsequently at amortised cost. Interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount of a financial asset, except for financial assets that have subsequently become credit-impaired (see below). For financial assets that have subsequently become credit-impaired, interest income is recognised by applying the effective interest rate to the amortised cost of the financial asset from the next reporting period. If the credit risk on the credit impaired financial instrument improves so that the financial asset is no longer credit-impaired, interest income is recognised by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset from the beginning of the reporting period following the determination that the asset is no longer credit impaired.
(ii) Financial assets at FVTPL
Financial assets that do not meet the criteria for being measured at amortised cost or FVTOCI or designated as FVTOCI are measured at FVTPL.
Financial assets at FVTPL are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any fair value gains or losses recognised in profit or loss. The net gain or loss recognised in profit or loss excludes any dividend or interest earned on the financial asset and is presented as the “other income and gain” line item.
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Impairment of financial assets
The Target Company B performs impairment assessment under expected credit losses (“ECL”) model on financial assets which are subject to impairment under HKFRS 9. The amount of ECL is updated at each reporting date to reflect changes in credit risk since initial recognition.
Lifetime ECL represents the ECL that will result from all possible default events over the expected life of the relevant instrument. In contrast, 12-month ECL (“12m ECL”) represents the portion of lifetime ECL that is expected to result from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date. Assessment are done based on the Target Company B’s historical credit loss experience, adjusted for factors that are specific to the debtors, general economic conditions and an assessment of both the current conditions at the reporting date as well as the forecast of future conditions.
For all instruments, the Target Company B measures the loss allowance equal to 12m ECL, unless when there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, in which case the Target Company B recognises lifetime ECL. The assessment of whether lifetime ECL should be recognised is based on significant increases in the likelihood or risk of a default occurring since initial recognition.
(i) Significant increase in credit risk
In assessing whether the credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition, the Target Company B compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the date of initial recognition. In making this assessment, the Target Company B considers both quantitative and qualitative information that is reasonable and supportable, including historical experience and forward-looking information that is available without undue cost or effort.
In particular, the following information is taken into account when assessing whether credit risk has increased significantly:
- an actual or expected significant deterioration in the financial instrument’s external (if available) or internal credit rating;
- significant deterioration in external market indicators of credit risk, e.g. a significant increase in the credit spread, the credit default swap prices for the debtor;
- existing or forecast adverse changes in business, financial or economic conditions that are expected to cause a significant decrease in the debtor’s ability to meet its debt obligations;
- an actual or expected significant deterioration in the operating results of the debtor;
- an actual or expected significant adverse change in the regulatory, economic, or technological environment of the debtor that results in a significant decrease in the debtor’s ability to meet its debt obligations.
Irrespective of the outcome of the above assessment, the Target Company B presumes that the credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition when contractual payments are more than 30 days past due, unless the Target Company B has reasonable and supportable information that demonstrates otherwise.
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(i) Significant increase in credit risk
Despite the foregoing, the Target Company B assumes that the credit risk on a debt instrument has not increased significantly since initial recognition if the debt instrument is determined to have low credit risk at the reporting date. A debt instrument is determined to have low credit risk if i) it has a low risk of default, ii) the borrower has a strong capacity to meet its contractual cash flow obligations in the near term and iii) adverse changes in economic and business conditions in the longer term may, but will not necessarily, reduce the ability of the borrower to fulfil its contractual cash flow obligations. The Target Company B considers a debt instrument to have low credit risk when it has an internal or external credit rating of ‘investment grade’ as per globally understood definitions.
The Target Company B regularly monitors the effectiveness of the criteria used to identify whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk and revises them as appropriate to ensure that the criteria are capable of identifying significant increase in credit risk before the amount becomes past due.
(ii) Definition of default
The Target Company B considers that default has occurred when a financial asset is more than 90 days past due unless the Target Company B has reasonable and supportable information to demonstrate that a more lagging default criterion is more appropriate.
(iii) Credit-impaired financial assets
A financial asset is credit-impaired when one or more events of default that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of that financial asset have occurred. Evidence that a financial asset is credit-impaired includes observable data about the following events:
(a) significant financial difficulty of the issuer or the borrower;
(b) a breach of contract, such as a default or past due event;
(c) the lender(s) of the borrower, for economic or contractual reasons relating to the borrower’s financial difficulty, having granted to the borrower a concession(s) that the lender(s) would not otherwise consider;
(d) it is becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganisation; or
(e) the disappearance of an active market for that financial asset because of financial difficulties.
(iv) Write-off policy
The Target Company B writes off a financial asset when there is information indicating that the counterparty is in severe financial difficulty and there is no realistic prospect of recovery, for example, when the counterparty has been placed under liquidation or has entered into bankruptcy proceedings, or in the case of trade receivables, when the amounts are over one year past due, whichever occurs sooner. Financial assets written off may still be subject to enforcement activities
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under the Target Company B's recovery procedures, taking into account legal advice where appropriate. A write-off constitutes a derecognition event. Any subsequent recoveries are recognised in profit or loss.
(v) Measurement and recognition of ECL
The measurement of ECL is a function of the probability of default, loss given default (i.e. the magnitude of the loss if there is a default) and the exposure at default. The assessment of the probability of default and loss given default is based on historical data adjusted by forward-looking information. Estimation of ECL reflects an unbiased and probability-weighted amount that is determined with the respective risks of default occurring as the weights. The Target Company B uses a practical expedient in estimating ECL on trade receivables using a provision matrix taking into consideration historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forward looking information that is available without undue cost or effort.
Generally, the ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Target Company B in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the Target Company B expects to receive, discounted at the effective interest rate determined at initial recognition.
Lifetime ECL for certain trade receivables are considered on a collective basis taking into consideration past due information and relevant credit information such as forward looking macroeconomic information.
For collective assessment, the Target Company B takes into consideration the following characteristics when formulating the grouping:
- Past-due status;
- Nature, size and industry of debtors; and
- External credit ratings where available.
The grouping is regularly reviewed by management to ensure the constituents of each group continue to share similar credit risk characteristics.
Interest income is calculated based on the gross carrying amount of the financial asset unless the financial asset is credit impaired, in which case interest income is calculated based on mortised cost of the financial asset.
The Target Company B recognises an impairment gain or loss in profit or loss for all financial instruments by adjusting their carrying amount, with the exception of trade receivables where the corresponding adjustment is recognised through a loss allowance account.
(vi) Derecognition of financial assets
The Target Company B derecognises a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the assets expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another entity.
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On derecognition of a financial asset measured at amortised cost, the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognised in profit or loss.
Financial liabilities and equity instruments
Debt and equity instruments issued are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.
Financial liabilities
The Target Company B's financial liabilities include other payables and accruals, and amounts due to directors are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest method.
Derecognition
The Target Company B derecognises financial liabilities when, and only when, the Target Company B's obligations are discharged, cancelled or expire. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognised and the consideration paid and payable is recognised in profit or loss.
Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
(d) Subsidiary
Subsidiary is entity controlled by the Target Company B. The Target Company B controls an entity when it is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity.
Intra-group balances and transactions, and any unrealized income and expenses (except for foreign currency transaction gains or losses) arising from intra-group transactions, are eliminated. Unrealised losses resulting from intra-group transactions are eliminated in the same way as unrealised gains, but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment.
In the Target Company B's statement of financial position, its investment in a subsidiary is stated at cost less impairment losses, unless the investment is classified as held for sale (or included in a disposal group classified as held for sale).
(e) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and demand deposits, and short-term highly liquid investments which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, and have a short maturity of generally within three months when acquired.
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(f) Provisions and contingent liabilities
Provisions are recognised when the Target Company B has a legal or constructive obligation arising as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made. Where the time value of money is material, provisions are stated at the present value of the expenditure expected to settle the obligation.
Where it is not probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required, or the amount cannot be estimated reliably, the obligation is disclosed as a contingent liability, unless the probability of outflow of economic benefits is remote. Possible obligations, whose existence will only be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more future events, are also disclosed as contingent liabilities unless the probability of outflow of economic benefits is remote.
Where some or all of the expenditure required to settle a provision is expected to be reimbursed by another party, a separate asset is recognised for any expected reimbursement that would be virtually certain. The amount recognised for the reimbursement is limited to the carrying amount of the provision.
(g) Related parties
(a) A person, or a close member of that person's family, is related to the Target Company B if that person:
(i) has control or joint control over the Target Company B;
(ii) has significant influence over the Target Company B; or
(iii) is a member of the key management personnel of the Target Company B or the Target Company B's parent.
(b) An entity is related to the Target Company B if any of the following conditions applies:
(i) The entity and the Target Company B are members of the same group (which means that each parent, subsidiary and fellow subsidiary is related to the others).
(ii) One entity is an associate or a joint venture of the other entity (or an associate or a joint venture of a member of a group of which the other entity is a member).
(iii) Both entities are joint ventures of the same third party.
(iv) One entity is a joint venture of a third entity and the other entity is an associate of the third entity.
(v) The entity is a post-employment benefit plan for the benefit of employees of either the Target Company B or an entity related to the Target Company B.
(vi) The entity is controlled or jointly controlled by a person identified in (a) above.
(vii) A person identified in (a)(i) above has significant influence over the entity or is a member of the key management personnel of the entity (or of a parent of the entity).
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(viii) The entity, or any member of a group of which it is a part, provides key management personnel services to the Target Company B or to the Target Company B's parent.
Close members of the family of a person are those family members who may be expected to influence, or be influenced by, that person in their dealings with the entity.
(h) Foreign exchange
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency of the Target Company B using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Exchange differences arising from the settlement of such transactions and from the retranslation at the year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in profit or loss.
(i) Fair value measurement
When measuring fair value, the Target Company B takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Target Company B uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.
Specifically, the Target Company B categorised the fair value measurements into three levels, based on the characteristics of inputs, as follow:
Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.
Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
At the end of the reporting period, the Target Company B determines whether transfer occur between levels of the fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities which are measured at fair value on recurring basis by reviewing their respective fair value measurement.
(j) Income tax
Income tax for the year comprises current tax and movements in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Current tax and movements in deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised in profit or loss except to the extent that they relate to items recognised in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case the relevant amounts of tax are recognised in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.
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Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years/periods.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities arise from deductible and taxable temporary differences respectively, being the differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets also arise from unused tax losses and unused tax credits. Apart from differences which arise on initial recognition of assets and liabilities, all deferred tax liabilities, and all deferred tax assets to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the asset can be utilised, are recognised.
3 CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENT AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY
Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experiences and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.
The Target Company B makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and assumptions that may have a significant effect on the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below.
(i) Current and deferred income taxes
The Target Company B makes a provision for current income tax based on estimated taxable income for the year. The estimated income tax liabilities are primarily computed based on the tax computations as prepared by the Target Company B. If the Target Company B considers it probable that these queries or judgements will result in different tax positions, the most likely amounts of the outcome will be estimated and adjustments to the income tax expense and income tax liabilities will be made accordingly.
The Target Company B recognises deferred income tax assets based on profits forecasts prepared by management. When the expectation is different from the original estimates, such differences will impact the recognition of deferred income tax assets and taxation charges in the period in which such estimate is changed.
(ii) Fair value of financial instruments
Refer to Note 9 to the financial statements.
As at 31 December 2024, financial assets at fair value through profit or loss of approximately HK$171,606,000, which do not have open market quoted values, were measured based on significant unobservable inputs and classified as “Level 3” financial instruments. The fair value is determined using valuation techniques including the enterprise Value-to-Revenue method. The inputs to the model is taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is required in establishing fair value. The judgements include considerations of inputs such as forward revenue for the year 2025 which is referenced from the forecast in a listing prospectus and a forward enterprise value-to-revenue ratio multiples of the guideline public companies. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.
4 REVENUE
There was no revenue generated during the Relevant Periods.
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FINANCE COSTS
| For the year ended 31 December | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |
| Interest on securities account | - | - | 63 |
LOSS BEFORE TAX
Loss before taxation is arrived at after charging:
| For the year ended 31 December | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |
| Auditors' remuneration | 2 | - | 10 |
INCOME TAX
(a) No provision was made for the Hong Kong Profits Tax as the Target Company B sustained a loss for taxation purposes during the years ended 31 December 2023, 2024 and 2025.
(b) Reconciliation between tax expense and loss before tax and applicable tax rates:
| For the year ended 31 December | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |
| Loss before tax | (5) | (32,297) | (231,855) |
| Notional tax on loss before taxation calculated at 16.5% | (1) | (5,329) | (38,256) |
| Tax effect of non deductible expense | 1 | 5,329 | 38,256 |
| Income tax | - | - | - |
(c) No deferred tax has been recognised as there was no material temporary differences during the relevant periods.
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B-19
8 DIRECTORS' EMOLUMENTS
During the Relevant Periods, no directors' fees, salaries, allowances and benefits in kind, discretionary bonuses, and retirement scheme contributions were paid/payable to the directors of the Target Company B.
9 EQUITY INVESTMENTS AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS
| At 31 December | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |
| Unlisted investment in Cayman Islands at fair value | |||
| Global IBO Group Ltd.* | — | 171,606 | — |
| Listed investment in United States at fair value | |||
| GIBO Holdings Ltd. | — | — | — |
- Unlisted shares of Global IBO Group Limited were converted into listed shares of GIBO Holdings Limited under a de-SPAC transaction as disclosed in the Company's announcement, dated 13 May 2025.
Note: The fair values of listed equity are based on quoted market prices. The fair values of the unlisted equity securities are determined according to Note 14(ii)(d) to the financial statements.
10 AMOUNTS DUE FROM SHAREHOLDERS/FELLOW SUBSIDIARIES
Amounts due from shareholders/fellow subsidiaries are unsecured, non-interest bearing and repayable on demand.
11 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Cash at banks earns interest at floating rates based on daily bank deposit rates. The bank balances are deposited with creditworthy banks with no recent history of default. The carrying amounts of the cash and cash equivalents approximate their fair values.
12 AMOUNTS DUE TO DIRECTORS
The amounts due to directors are unsecured, interest-free and have no fixed terms of repayment.
13 CAPITAL, RESERVE AND DIVIDENDS
(a) Share Capital
| No. of shares | Amount | |
|---|---|---|
| '000 | HK$'000 | |
| Issued and fully paid: | ||
| At 1 January 2023, 31 December 2023, 1 January 2024, | ||
| 31 December 2024, 1 January 2025 and 31 December 2025 | 10 | 10 |
(b) Movements in component of equity
Details of the changes in the Target Company B's individual components of equity between the beginning and the end of the year are set out below:
| Capital | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Share capital HK$'000 | contribution reserve HK$'000 | Accumulated losses HK$'000 | Total HK$'000 | |
| At 1 January 2023 | 10 | - | (61) | (51) |
| Change in equity for the year: | ||||
| Loss and total comprehensive loss | - | - | (5) | (5) |
| At 31 December 2023 and 1 January 2024 | 10 | - | (66) | (56) |
| Change in equity for the year: | ||||
| Contribution from shareholders* | - | 271,865 | - | 271,865 |
| Loss and total comprehensive loss | - | - | (32,297) | (32,297) |
| At 31 December 2024 and 1 January 2025 | 10 | 271,865 | (32,363) | 239,512 |
| Change in equity for the year: | ||||
| Loss and total comprehensive loss | - | - | (231,855) | (231,855) |
| At 31 December 2025 | 10 | 271,865 | (264,218) | 7,657 |
- On 30 November 2024, a contribution of approximately HK$271,865,000 was provided by the shareholders of the Target Company B.
(c) Dividends
No dividend was paid or proposed by the directors of Target Company B during the Relevant Period.
(d) Capital management
The Target Company B's primary objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Target Company B's ability to continue as a going concern, so that it can continue to provide returns for the shareholders and by securing access to finance at a reasonable cost.
The Target Company B's capital structure is regularly reviewed and managed with due regard to the capital management practices of the Target Company B. Adjustments are made to the capital structure in light of changes in economic conditions affecting the Target Company B, to the extent that these do not conflict with the directors' fiduciary duties towards the Target Company B. The results of the directors' review of the Target Company B's capital structure are used as a basis for the determination of the level of dividends, if any, that are declared. The Target Company B's overall strategy remains unchanged throughout the Relevant Periods.
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FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
(i) Categories of financial instruments:
| At 31 December | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |
| Financial assets | |||
| At amortised cost | 37 | 68,003 | 8,093 |
| At fair value through profit and loss | - | 171,606 | - |
| Financial liabilities | |||
| At amortised cost | 93 | 97 | 436 |
(ii) Financial risk management and fair values
Exposure to credit, liquidity and interest rate risks arises in the normal course of the Target Company B's business. The Target Company B's exposure to these risks and the financial risk management policies and practices used by the Target Company B to manage these risks are described below.
(a) Credit risk
The Target Company B has limited credit risk with its money deposited in financial institutions, which are leading and reputable and are assessed as having low credit risk. The Target Company B has not suffered any significant losses arising from the non-performance by these parties in the past and management does not expect this position to change in the future.
(b) Liquidity risk
The Target Company B's policy is to regularly monitor its liquidity requirements, including other payables and accruals, and amounts due to directors, to ensure that it maintains adequate committed funding from other companies to meet its liquidity requirements in the short and longer term.
Given the amount due to shareholders has no fixed terms of repayment, the earliest settlement dates of the Target Company B's financial liabilities at the end of the reporting period are all within one year or on demand and the contractual amounts of the financial liabilities are all equal to their carrying amounts.
(c) Interest rate risk
The Target Company B is mainly exposed to cash flow interest rate risk in relation to variable-rate bank deposits which is mainly relating to the fluctuation of Hong Kong Prime Rate. The management of the Target Company B monitors the related interest rate risk exposure closely to minimise these interest rate risks.
The directors of the Target Company B consider that the exposure to cash flow interest rate risk on bank deposits are insignificant.
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(d) Fair values measurement
(i) Financial assets measured at fair value
During the years ended 31 December 2023, 2024 and 2025, there were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2. Transfers in and out of Level 3 measurements are set out in the following table, which represents the changes of financial instruments in Level 3 for the year ended 31 December 2024 and 2025.
| Unlisted trading securities | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | |||
| HK$'000 | 2024 | ||
| HK$'000 | 2025 | ||
| HK$'000 | |||
| Opening balance | – | – | 171,606 |
| Additions | – | 203,899 | – |
| Change in fair value of financial assets at FVTPL | – | (32,293) | – |
| Transfers (Note) | – | – | (171,606) |
| Closing balance | – | 171,606 | – |
Note: During the year ended 31 December 2025, transfer from Level 3 to Level 1 was mainly due to the successful Initial Public Offering of the investee.
Valuation processes inputs and relationships to fair value (Level 3)
An independent valuation was performed by the valuer, Ascent Partners Valuation Service Limited, to determine the fair value of the Target Company B as at 31 December 2024. The staff of Ascent Partners Valuation Service Limited, includes Fellow Members from the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors who are experienced in the valuation unlisted securities.
The management of the Target Company B reviewed the valuations performed by the independent valuer for the financial reporting purposes, and held discussion with the independent valuer on the valuation assumptions and valuation results.
As the unlisted securities are not traded in an active market, the fair value has been determined using applicable valuation techniques including enterprise Value-to-Revenue method. This valuation method approaches require significant judgments, assumptions and inputs, including Forward Revenue for the year ended 2025 which is referenced from the forecast in the listing prospectus submitted by the Target Company B and the Forward Enterprise Value-to-Revenue multiples (“Forward EV/S”) of the guideline public companies.
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The quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements of investments in unlisted companies comprises:-
| Fair value as at 31 December 2024 HK$'000 | Significant unobservable inputs | Range of inputs at 31 December | Relationship of unobservable inputs to fair value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Investments in unlisted companies at FVTPL | 171,606 | Forecasted revenue for the year ended 31 December 2025 | USD443,900,000 | Commonly employed for companies that have yet to generate stable earnings or revenue but have high revenue growth expectation |
| Forward Price-to-Sales ratio | 1.14 to 13.86 |
(ii) Financial assets measured at fair value
The carrying amount of the Target Company B's financial instruments carried at other than fair value are not materially different from their fair values as at 31 December 2023, 2024 and 2025.
(e) Equity price risk
The Target Company B is exposed to equity price risk through its investments in equity securities measured at FVTPL. The management manages this exposure by maintaining a portfolio of investments with different risks. For equity securities measured at FVTPL, the Target Company B's equity price risk is mainly concentrated on equity instruments which are included in the Hang Seng Index.
15 MATERIAL RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Apart from the transactions/balances disclosed elsewhere in the Historical Financial Information, the Target Company B did not enter into any other material related party transactions during the Relevant Periods.
B-23
B-24
16 POSSIBLE IMPACT OF AMENDMENTS, NEW STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS ISSUED BUT NOT YET EFFECTIVE FOR THE RELEVANT PERIODS
Up to the date of issue of the Historical Financial Information, the HKICPA has issued a number of new or amended standards, which are not yet effective for the Relevant Periods and which have not been adopted in the Historical Financial Information.
| Effective for accounting periods beginning on or after |
|---|
| Amendments to HKFRS 9 and HKFRS 7, Financial instruments: disclosures – Amendments to the classification and measurement of financial instruments |
| Amendments to HKFRS 9 and HKFRS 7, Contracts Referencing Nature-dependent Electricity |
| Annual improvements to HKFRSs – Volume 11 |
| HKFRS 18, Presentation and disclosure in financial statements |
| HKFRS 19, Subsidiaries without public accountability: disclosures |
| Amendments to HKFRS 10 and HKAS 28, Sale or contribution of assets between an investor and its associate or joint venture |
| Amendments to HKAS 21, Translation to a Hyperinflationary presentation currency |
The Target Company B is in the process of making an assessment of what the impact of these developments is expected to be in the period of initial application. So far it has concluded that the adoption of them is unlikely to have a significant impact on the Historical Financial Information.
17 SUBSEQUENT FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
No audited financial statements of the Target Company B have been prepared in respect of any period subsequent to 31 December 2025.
APPENDIX C - FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF THE TARGET COMPANY C
KTC Partners CPA Limited
Certified Public Accountants (Practising)
中瑞和信會計師事務所有限公司
ACCOUNTANTS' REPORT ON HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF DRAGON HUGE DEVELOPMENT LIMITED TO THE DIRECTORS OF SMART FISH WEALTHLINK HOLDINGS LIMITED (FORMERLY KNOWN AS CENTRAL WEALTH GROUP HOLDINGS LIMITED)
The supplemental accountants' report set out below should be read together with the accountants' report on the historical financial information of Dragon Huge Development Limited (the "Target Company C") contained in the circular of Smart Fish Wealthlink Holdings Limited (the "Company") dated 12 May 2026. This supplemental accountants' report has been prepared for the purpose of including the omitted historical financial information for the year ended 31 March 2023 and to present the complete three-year financial track record for the Target Company C.
We report on the historical financial information of the Target Company C set out on pages C-4 to C-33, which comprises the statements of financial position of the Target Company C as at 31 March 2023, 2024 and 2025 and 31 December 2025 and the statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income and the statements of changes in equity, for each of the years ended 31 March 2023, 2024 and 2025, and the nine months ended 31 December 2025 (the "Relevant Periods"), and a summary of material accounting policies and other explanatory information (together, the "Historical Financial Information"). The Historical Financial Information set out on pages C-4 to C-33 forms an integral part of this report, which has been prepared for inclusion in the circular of the Company dated 12 May 2026 (the "Circular") in connection with the acquisition of 100% equity interests in the Target Company C by the Group, which was completed on 25 February 2025.
Directors' responsibility for Historical Financial Information
The directors of the Target Company C are responsible for the preparation of Historical Financial Information that gives a true and fair view in accordance with the basis of preparation and presentation set out in note 1 to the Historical Financial Information.
The Underlying Financial Statements of the Target Company C as defined on page C-4, on which the Historical Financial Information is based, were prepared by the directors of the Target Company C. The directors of the Target Company C are responsible for the preparation of the Underlying Financial Statements that give a true and fair view in accordance with Hong Kong Financial Reporting Standards issued by the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants
C-1
("HKICPA"), and for such internal control as the directors of the Target Company C determine is necessary to enable the preparation of the Underlying Financial Statements that is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
Reporting accountants' responsibility
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Historical Financial Information and to report our opinion to you. We conducted our work in accordance with Hong Kong Standard on Investment Circular Reporting Engagements 200 "Accountants' Reports on Historical Financial Information in Investment Circulars" issued by the HKICPA. This standard requires that we comply with ethical standards and plan and perform our work to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the Historical Financial Information is free from material misstatement.
Our work involved performing procedures to obtain evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the Historical Financial Information. The procedures selected depend on the reporting accountants' judgement, including the assessment of risks of material misstatement of the Historical Financial Information, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the reporting accountants consider internal control relevant to the entity's preparation of Historical Financial Information that gives a true and fair view in accordance with the basis of preparation and presentation set out in note 1 to the Historical Financial Information in order to design procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity's internal control. Our work also included evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by the directors, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the Historical Financial Information.
We believe that the evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Opinion
In our opinion, the Historical Financial Information gives, for the purpose of the accountants' report, a true and fair view of the Target Company C's financial position as at 31 March 2023, 2024 and 2025 and 31 December 2025 and of the Target Company C's financial performance and cash flows for the Relevant Periods in accordance with the basis of preparation and presentation set out in note 1 to the Historical Financial Information.
Review of stub period corresponding financial information
We have reviewed the stub period corresponding financial information of the Target Company C which comprises the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income and the statement of changes in equity for the nine months ended 31 December 2024 and other explanatory information (the "Stub Period Corresponding Financial Information"). The directors of the Target Company C are responsible for the preparation and presentation of the
C-2
Stub Period Corresponding Financial Information in accordance with the basis of preparation and presentation set out in note 1 to the Historical Financial Information. Our responsibility is to express a conclusion on the Stub Period Corresponding Financial Information based on our review. We conducted our review in accordance with Hong Kong Standard on Review Engagements 2410 “Review of Interim Financial Information Performed by the Independent Auditor of the Entity” issued by the HKICPA. A review consists of making enquiries, primarily of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters, and applying analytical and other review procedures. A review is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with Hong Kong Standards on Auditing and consequently does not enable us to obtain assurance that we would become aware of all significant matters that might be identified in an audit. Accordingly, we do not express an audit opinion. Based on our review, nothing has come to our attention that causes us to believe that the Stub Period Corresponding Financial Information, for the purpose of the accountants’ report, is not prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with the basis of preparation and presentation set out in note 1 to the Historical Financial Information.
Report on matters under the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited
Adjustments
In preparing the Historical Financial Information, no adjustments to the Underlying Financial Statements as defined on page C-4 have been made.
KTC Partners CPA Limited
Certified Public Accountants (Practising)
Chow Yiu Wah, Joseph
Practising Certificate Number: P04686
Hong Kong, 29 May 2026
HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Set out below is the Historical Financial Information which forms an integral part of this accountants' report. The financial statements of the Target Company C for the Relevant Periods, on which the Historical Financial Information is based, were audited by KTC Partners CPA Limited in accordance with Hong Kong Standards on Auditing issued by the HKICPA (the "Underlying Financial Statements").
STATEMENTS OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
| For the year ended | For the nine months ended | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 31 March | 31 December | |||||
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | ||
| Note | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | (unaudited) |
| Revenue | 4 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other income | 4 | 9,450 | 17,606 | 7,783 | 6,703 | 1 |
| Losses on disposal of equity investments at fair value through profit or loss ("FVTPL") | (455) | (4,982) | (784) | (3,537) | (8,235) | |
| Unrealised fair value losses of equity investments at FVTPL, net | (6,482) | (9,676) | (8,263) | - | (13,153) | |
| Administrative and other operating expenses | (17,425) | (6,026) | (29) | * | (102) | |
| Finance costs | 5 | (178) | (528) | (102) | (85) | (11) |
| Provision for credit loss allowance on other receivables | - | - | - | - | (7,058) | |
| (Loss)/profit before tax | 6 | (15,090) | (3,606) | (1,395) | 3,081 | (28,558) |
| Income tax | 7 | - | - | - | - | - |
| (Loss)/profit and total comprehensive (loss)/income for the year/period | (15,090) | (3,606) | (1,395) | 3,081 | (28,558) |
The accompanying notes form part of the Historical Financial Information.
STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
| Note | At 31 March | At 31 December | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 HK$’000 | 2024 HK$’000 | 2025 HK$’000 | 2025 HK$’000 (unaudited) | ||
| Non-current assets | |||||
| Right of use assets | 9 | - | - | - | 162 |
| Current assets | |||||
| Equity investments at fair value through profit or loss | 10 | 16,100 | 4,925 | 7,991 | 2,050 |
| Other receivables | - | - | 4,156 | - | |
| Amounts due from fellow subsidiaries | 11 | - | - | 51 | 51 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 12 | 29 | 624 | 95 | 26 |
| 16,129 | 5,549 | 12,293 | 2,127 | ||
| Current liabilities | |||||
| Amount due to a shareholder | 13 | 47,829 | 43,129 | - | - |
| Other payables and accruals | 8,166 | 5,892 | 551 | 10 | |
| Lease liabilities | 14 | - | - | - | 185 |
| Amount due to ultimate holding company | 15 | - | - | 3,250 | 5,972 |
| Amounts due to fellow subsidiaries | 15 | - | - | - | 16,188 |
| 55,995 | 49,021 | 3,801 | 22,355 | ||
| Net current (liabilities)/assets | (39,866) | (43,472) | 8,492 | (20,228) | |
| NET (LIABILITIES)/ASSETS | (39,866) | (43,472) | 8,492 | (20,066) | |
| Capital and reserve | |||||
| Share capital | 16 | * | * | * | * |
| Capital contribution reserve | 16 | - | - | 53,359 | 53,359 |
| Accumulated losses | 16 | (39,866) | (43,472) | (44,867) | (73,425) |
| TOTAL (DEFICIT)/EQUITY | (39,866) | (43,472) | 8,492 | (20,066) |
- Represents amount of less than $1,000
The accompanying notes form part of the Historical Financial Information.
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
| | Share capital
HK$'000 | Capital contribution reserve
HK$'000 | Accumulated losses
HK$'000 | Total
HK$'000 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| As at 1 April 2022 | * | - | (24,776) | (24,776) |
| Change in equity for the year: | | | | |
| Loss and total comprehensive loss for the year | - | - | (15,090) | (15,090) |
| As at 31 March 2023 and 1 April 2023 | * | - | (39,866) | (39,866) |
| Change in equity for the year: | | | | |
| Loss and total comprehensive loss for the year | - | - | (3,606) | (3,606) |
| As at 31 March 2024 and 1 April 2024 | * | - | (43,472) | (43,472) |
| Change in equity for the year: | | | | |
| Contribution from a shareholder | - | 53,359 | - | 53,359 |
| Loss and total comprehensive loss for the year | - | - | (1,395) | (1,395) |
| At 31 March 2025 | * | 53,359 | (44,867) | 8,492 |
| (Unaudited) | | | | |
| At 1 April 2025 | * | 53,359 | (44,867) | 8,492 |
| Change in equity for the period: | | | | |
| Loss and total comprehensive loss for the period | - | - | (28,558) | (28,558) |
| At 31 December 2025 | * | 53,359 | (73,425) | (20,066) |
| (Unaudited) | | | | |
| At 1 April 2024 | * | - | (43,472) | (43,472) |
| Change in equity for the period: | | | | |
| Profit and total comprehensive income for the period | - | - | 3,081 | 3,081 |
| At 31 December 2024 | * | - | (40,391) | (40,391) |
- Represents amount of less than $1,000
The accompanying notes form part of the Historical Financial Information.
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| At 31 March | At 31 December | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 (unaudited) | |
| Cash flows from operating activities | ||||
| Loss before income tax | (15,090) | (3,606) | (1,395) | (28,558) |
| Adjustments for: | ||||
| Depreciation of right of use assets | - | - | - | 81 |
| Interest income | * | (6) | (3) | * |
| Finance costs | 178 | 528 | 102 | 11 |
| Unrealised fair value losses of equity investments at FVTPL, net | 6,482 | 9,676 | 8,263 | 13,153 |
| Losses on disposal of equity investments at FVTPL | 455 | 4,982 | 784 | 8,235 |
| Provision for credit loss allowance on other receivables | - | - | - | 7,058 |
| Operating (loss)/profit before working capital changes | (7,975) | 11,574 | 7,751 | (20) |
| (Increase)/decrease in equity investments at FVTPL | (23,037) | (3,483) | 4,141 | (15,447) |
| Increase in other receivables | - | - | (4,156) | (2,901) |
| Increase in amounts due from fellow subsidiaries | - | - | (51) | - |
| Increase/(decrease) in other payable and accruals | 3,142 | (2,274) | (5,341) | (541) |
| Cash (used in)/generated from operating activities | (27,870) | 5,817 | 2,344 | (18,909) |
| Interest paid | (178) | (528) | (102) | (6) |
| Interest received | * | 6 | 3 | * |
| Net cash (used in)/generated from operating activities | (28,048) | 5,295 | 2,245 | (18,915) |
C-7
| At 31 March | At 31 December | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 (unaudited) | |
| Cash flows from financing activities | ||||
| Advance from/(repayment to) a shareholder | 28,059 | (4,700) | (6,024) | - |
| Advance from fellow subsidiaries | - | - | - | 16,187 |
| Advance from ultimate holding company | - | - | 3,250 | 2,722 |
| Repayment of the principal portion of lease liabilities | - | - | - | (58) |
| Payment for interest portion of lease liabilities | - | - | - | (5) |
| Net cash generated from/(used in) financing activities | 28,059 | (4,700) | (2,774) | 18,846 |
| Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 11 | 595 | (529) | (69) |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year/period | 18 | 29 | 624 | 95 |
| Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year/period | 29 | 624 | 95 | 26 |
- Represents amount of less than $1,000
NOTES TO THE HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
1 BASIS OF PREPARATION AND PRESENTATION OF HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Dragon Huge Development Limited (the “Target Company C”) was incorporated in Hong Kong with limited liability. The registered office and principal place of business of the Target Company C is 5th Floor, Phase II, China Taiping Tower, 8 Sunning Road, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong. The principal activity of the Target Company C is investment holding in listed and unlisted securities during the Relevant Periods.
The statutory financial statements of Target Company C were prepared in accordance with HKFRS Accounting Standards and HKFRS for Private Entities Accounting Standards and have been audited by Albert Y K Lau & Co., for the years ended 31 March 2023 and 2024 and for the period from 1 April 2024 to 25 February 2025.
The Historical Financial Information has been prepared in accordance with all applicable HKFRS Accounting Standards which collective term includes all applicable individual HKFRS Accounting Standards, Hong Kong Accounting Standards (“HKASs”) and Interpretations issued by the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants (“HKICPA”). Further details of the material accounting policies adopted are set out in note 2.
The HKICPA has issued a number of new and revised HKFRS Accounting Standards. For the purpose of preparing this Historical Financial Information, the Target Company C has adopted all applicable new and revised HKFRS Accounting Standards to the Relevant Periods, except for any new standards or interpretations that are not yet effective for the accounting period beginning on 1 April 2025. The revised and new accounting standards and interpretations issued but not yet effective for the Relevant Periods are set out in note 20.
The Historical Financial Information also complies with the applicable disclosure provisions of the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (the “Stock Exchange”).
The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to the Relevant Periods presented in the Historical Financial Information.
The Stub Period Corresponding Financial Information has been prepared in accordance with the same basis of preparation and presentation adopted in respect of the Historical Financial Information.
2 MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(a) Basis of measurement
The measurement basis used in the preparation of the Historical Financial Information is the historical cost basis except that equity investments at fair value as explained in the accounting policy set out in note 2(c).
(b) Use of estimates and judgements
The preparation of the Historical Financial Information in conformity with HKFRS Accounting Standards requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of policies and reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis of making the judgements about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
C-9
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.
Judgements made by management in the application of HKFRS Accounting Standards that have significant effect on the financial statements and major sources of estimation uncertainty are discussed in note 3.
(c) Financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when a entity becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All regular way purchases or sales of financial assets are recognised and derecognised on a trade date/settlement date basis. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value except for trade receivables arising from contracts with customers which are initially measured in accordance with HKFRS 15. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss ("FVTPL")) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at FVTPL are recognised immediately in profit or loss.
The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial asset or financial liability and of allocating interest income and interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts and payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset or financial liability, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.
Interest/dividend income which are derived from the Target Company C's ordinary course of business are presented as revenue.
Financial assets
Classification and subsequent measurement of financial assets
Financial assets that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at amortised cost:
- the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to collect contractual cash flows; and
- the contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount.
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Financial assets that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVTOCI”):
- the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both selling and collecting contractual cash flows; and
- the contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
All other financial assets are subsequently measured at FVTPL, except that at initial recognition of a financial asset the Target Company C may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in fair value of an equity investment in other comprehensive income if that equity investment is neither held for trading nor contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in a business combination to which HKFRS 3 Business Combinations applies.
A financial asset is classified as held for trading if:
- it has been acquired principally for the purpose of selling in the near term; or
- on initial recognition it is a part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the group manages together and has a recent actual pattern of short-term profit-taking; or
- it is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument.
In addition, the Target Company C may irrevocably designate a financial asset that are required to be measured at the amortised cost or FVTOCI as measured at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch.
(i) Amortised cost and interest income
Interest income is recognised using the effective interest method for financial assets measured subsequently at amortised cost. Interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount of a financial asset, except for financial assets that have subsequently become credit-impaired (see below). For financial assets that have subsequently become credit-impaired, interest income is recognised by applying the effective interest rate to the amortised cost of the financial asset from the next reporting period. If the credit risk on the credit impaired financial instrument improves so that the financial asset is no longer credit-impaired, interest income is recognised by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset from the beginning of the reporting period following the determination that the asset is no longer credit impaired.
(ii) Financial assets at FVTPL
Financial assets that do not meet the criteria for being measured at amortised cost or FVTOCI or designated as FVTOCI are measured at FVTPL.
Financial assets at FVTPL are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any fair value gains or losses recognised in profit or loss. The net gain or loss recognised in profit or loss excludes any dividend or interest earned on the financial asset and is presented as the “other income and gain” line item.
C-11
Impairment of financial assets
The Target Company C performs impairment assessment under expected credit losses (“ECL”) model on financial assets which are subject to impairment under HKFRS 9. The amount of ECL is updated at each reporting date to reflect changes in credit risk since initial recognition.
Lifetime ECL represents the ECL that will result from all possible default events over the expected life of the relevant instrument. In contrast, 12-month ECL (“12m ECL”) represents the portion of lifetime ECL that is expected to result from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date. Assessment are done based on the Target Company C’s historical credit loss experience, adjusted for factors that are specific to the debtors, general economic conditions and an assessment of both the current conditions at the reporting date as well as the forecast of future conditions.
For all instruments, the Target Company C measures the loss allowance equal to 12m ECL, unless when there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, in which case the Target Company C recognises lifetime ECL. The assessment of whether lifetime ECL should be recognised is based on significant increases in the likelihood or risk of a default occurring since initial recognition.
(i) Significant increase in credit risk
In assessing whether the credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition, the Target Company C compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the date of initial recognition. In making this assessment, the Target Company C considers both quantitative and qualitative information that is reasonable and supportable, including historical experience and forward-looking information that is available without undue cost or effort.
In particular, the following information is taken into account when assessing whether credit risk has increased significantly:
- an actual or expected significant deterioration in the financial instrument’s external (if available) or internal credit rating;
- significant deterioration in external market indicators of credit risk, e.g. a significant increase in the credit spread, the credit default swap prices for the debtor;
- existing or forecast adverse changes in business, financial or economic conditions that are expected to cause a significant decrease in the debtor’s ability to meet its debt obligations;
- an actual or expected significant deterioration in the operating results of the debtor;
- an actual or expected significant adverse change in the regulatory, economic, or technological environment of the debtor that results in a significant decrease in the debtor’s ability to meet its debt obligations.
Irrespective of the outcome of the above assessment, the Target Company C presumes that the credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition when contractual payments are more than 30 days past due, unless the Target Company C has reasonable and supportable information that demonstrates otherwise.
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(i) Significant increase in credit risk
Despite the foregoing, the Target Company C assumes that the credit risk on a debt instrument has not increased significantly since initial recognition if the debt instrument is determined to have low credit risk at the reporting date. A debt instrument is determined to have low credit risk if i) it has a low risk of default, ii) the borrower has a strong capacity to meet its contractual cash flow obligations in the near term and iii) adverse changes in economic and business conditions in the longer term may, but will not necessarily, reduce the ability of the borrower to fulfil its contractual cash flow obligations. The Target Company C considers a debt instrument to have low credit risk when it has an internal or external credit rating of ‘investment grade’ as per globally understood definitions.
The Target Company C regularly monitors the effectiveness of the criteria used to identify whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk and revises them as appropriate to ensure that the criteria are capable of identifying significant increase in credit risk before the amount becomes past due.
(ii) Definition of default
The Target Company C considers that default has occurred when a financial asset is more than 90 days past due unless the Target Company C has reasonable and supportable information to demonstrate that a more lagging default criterion is more appropriate.
(iii) Credit-impaired financial assets
A financial asset is credit-impaired when one or more events of default that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of that financial asset have occurred. Evidence that a financial asset is credit-impaired includes observable data about the following events:
(a) significant financial difficulty of the issuer or the borrower;
(b) a breach of contract, such as a default or past due event;
(c) the lender(s) of the borrower, for economic or contractual reasons relating to the borrower’s financial difficulty, having granted to the borrower a concession(s) that the lender(s) would not otherwise consider;
(d) it is becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganisation; or
(e) the disappearance of an active market for that financial asset because of financial difficulties.
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(iv) Write-off policy
The Target Company C writes off a financial asset when there is information indicating that the counterparty is in severe financial difficulty and there is no realistic prospect of recovery, for example, when the counterparty has been placed under liquidation or has entered into bankruptcy proceedings, or in the case of trade receivables, when the amounts are over one year past due, whichever occurs sooner. Financial assets written off may still be subject to enforcement activities under the Target Company C's recovery procedures, taking into account legal advice where appropriate. A write-off constitutes a derecognition event. Any subsequent recoveries are recognised in profit or loss.
(v) Measurement and recognition of ECL
The measurement of ECL is a function of the probability of default, loss given default (i.e. the magnitude of the loss if there is a default) and the exposure at default. The assessment of the probability of default and loss given default is based on historical data adjusted by forward-looking information. Estimation of ECL reflects an unbiased and probability-weighted amount that is determined with the respective risks of default occurring as the weights. The Target Company C uses a practical expedient in estimating ECL on trade receivables using a provision matrix taking into consideration historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forward looking information that is available without undue cost or effort.
Generally, the ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Target Company C in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the Target Company C expects to receive, discounted at the effective interest rate determined at initial recognition.
Lifetime ECL for certain trade receivables are considered on a collective basis taking into consideration past due information and relevant credit information such as forward looking macroeconomic information.
For collective assessment, the Target Company C takes into consideration the following characteristics when formulating the grouping:
- Past-due status;
- Nature, size and industry of debtors; and
- External credit ratings where available.
The grouping is regularly reviewed by management to ensure the constituents of each group continue to share similar credit risk characteristics.
Interest income is calculated based on the gross carrying amount of the financial asset unless the financial asset is credit impaired, in which case interest income is calculated based on mortised cost of the financial asset.
The Target Company C recognises an impairment gain or loss in profit or loss for all financial instruments by adjusting their carrying amount, with the exception of trade receivables where the corresponding adjustment is recognised through a loss allowance account.
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(vi) Derecognition of financial assets
The Target Company C derecognises a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the assets expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another entity.
On derecognition of a financial asset measured at amortised cost, the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognised in profit or loss.
Financial liabilities and equity instruments
Debt and equity instruments issued by a Target Company C entity are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.
Financial liabilities
The Target Company C's financial liabilities include other payables and accruals, lease liabilities and amounts due to ultimate holding company/fellow subsidiaries are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest method.
Derecognition
The Target Company C derecognises financial liabilities when, and only when, the Target Company C's obligations are discharged, cancelled or expire. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognised and the consideration paid and payable is recognised in profit or loss.
Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
(d) Leases
Definition of a lease
A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.
The Company as a lessee
Allocation of consideration to components of a contract
For a contract that contains a lease component and one or more additional lease or non-lease components, the Company allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease component on the basis of the relative standalone price of the lease component and the aggregate stand-alone price of the non-lease components, including contract for acquisition of ownership interests of a property which includes both leasehold land and non-lease building components, unless such allocation cannot be made reliably.
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As a practical expedient, leases with similar characteristics are accounted on a portfolio basis when the Company reasonably expects that the effects on the financial statements would not differ materially from individual leases within the portfolio.
Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets
The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to leases of premises that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option. It also applies the recognition exemption for lease of low-value assets. Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of low value assets are recognised as expense on a straight-line basis or another systematic basis over the lease term.
Right-of-use assets
The cost of right-of-use asset includes:
- the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability;
- any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, less any lease incentives received;
- any initial direct costs incurred by the Company; and
- an estimate of costs to be incurred by the Company in dismantling and removing the underlying assets, restoring the site on which it is located or restoring the underlying asset to the condition required by the terms and conditions of the lease.
Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities.
Right-of-use assets in which the Company is reasonably certain to obtain ownership of the underlying leased assets at the end of the lease term are depreciated from commencement date to the end of the useful life. Otherwise, right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of its estimated useful life and the lease term.
Lease liabilities
At the commencement date of a lease, the Company recognises and measures the lease liability at the present value of lease payments that are unpaid at that date. In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses the incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date if the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable.
The lease payments include:
- fixed payments (including in-substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable;
- variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date;
- amounts expected to be payable by the Company under residual value guarantees;
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- the exercise price of a purchase option if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise the option; and
- payments of penalties for terminating a lease, if the lease term reflects the Company exercising an option to terminate the lease.
After the commencement date, lease liabilities are adjusted by interest accretion and lease payments.
(e) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and demand deposits, and short-term highly liquid investments which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, and have a short maturity of generally within three months when acquired.
(f) Provisions and contingent liabilities
Provisions are recognised when the Target Company C has a legal or constructive obligation arising as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made. Where the time value of money is material, provisions are stated at the present value of the expenditure expected to settle the obligation.
Where it is not probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required, or the amount cannot be estimated reliably, the obligation is disclosed as a contingent liability, unless the probability of outflow of economic benefits is remote. Possible obligations, whose existence will only be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more future events, are also disclosed as contingent liabilities unless the probability of outflow of economic benefits is remote.
Where some or all of the expenditure required to settle a provision is expected to be reimbursed by another party, a separate asset is recognised for any expected reimbursement that would be virtually certain. The amount recognised for the reimbursement is limited to the carrying amount of the provision.
(g) Revenue recognition
Revenue from contracts with customers
Under HKFRS 15, the Target Company C recognises revenue when (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied, i.e. when "control" of the goods or services underlying the particular performance obligation is transferred to the customer.
A performance obligation represents a good or service (or a bundle of goods or services) that is distinct or a series of distinct goods or services that are substantially the same.
Control is transferred over time and revenue is recognised over time by reference to the progress towards complete satisfaction of the relevant performance obligation if one of the following criteria is met:
- the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Target Company C's performance as the Target Company C performs;
- the Target Company C's performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as the Target Company C performs; or
C-17
- the Target Company C's performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the Target Company C and the Target Company C has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.
Otherwise, revenue is recognised at a point in time when the customer obtains control of the distinct good or service.
A contract liability represents the Target Company C's obligation to transfer goods or services that the Target Company C has transferred to a customer that is not yet unconditional. It is assessed for impairment in accordance with HKFRS 9. In contrast, a receivables represents the Target Company C's unconditional right to consideration. i.e. only the passage of time is required before payment of that consideration is due.
A contract liability represents the Target Company C's obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Target Company C has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer.
A contract asset and a contract liability relating to a contract are accounted for and presented on a net basis.
Other income
(i) Service fee income
Service fee income is recognised where the relevant services are rendered.
(ii) Bank interest income
Bank interest income is recognised on a time basis be reference to the principal outstanding and at the interest rate applicable.
(h) Related parties
(a) A person, or a close member of that person's family, is related to the Target Company C if that person:
(i) has control or joint control over the Target Company C;
(ii) has significant influence over the Target Company C; or
(iii) is a member of the key management personnel of the Target Company C or the Target Company C's parent.
(b) An entity is related to the Target Company C if any of the following conditions applies:
(i) The entity and the Target Company C are members of the same group (which means that each parent, subsidiary and fellow subsidiary is related to the others).
(ii) One entity is an associate or a joint venture of the other entity (or an associate or a joint venture of a member of a group of which the other entity is a member).
C-18
(iii) Both entities are joint ventures of the same third party.
(iv) One entity is a joint venture of a third entity and the other entity is an associate of the third entity.
(v) The entity is a post-employment benefit plan for the benefit of employees of either the Target Company C or an entity related to the Target Company C.
(vi) The entity is controlled or jointly controlled by a person identified in (a) above.
(vii) A person identified in (a)(i) above has significant influence over the entity or is a member of the key management personnel of the entity (or of a parent of the entity).
(viii) The entity, or any member of a group of which it is a part, provides key management personnel services to the Target Company C or to the Target Company C's parent.
Close members of the family of a person are those family members who may be expected to influence, or be influenced by, that person in their dealings with the entity.
(i) Foreign exchange
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency of the Target Company C using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Exchange differences arising from the settlement of such transactions and from the retranslation at the year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in profit or loss.
(j) Fair value measurement
When measuring fair value, the Target Company C takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Target Company C uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs. Specifically, the Target Company C categorised the fair value measurements into three levels, based on the characteristics of inputs, as follow:
Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.
Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
At the end of the reporting period, the Target Company C determines whether transfer occur between levels of the fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities which are measured at fair value on recurring basis by reviewing their respective fair value measurement.
C-19
(k) Income tax
Income tax for the year/period comprises current tax and movements in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Current tax and movements in deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised in profit or loss except to the extent that they relate to items recognised in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case the relevant amounts of tax are recognised in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.
Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year/period, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years/periods.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities arise from deductible and taxable temporary differences respectively, being the differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets also arise from unused tax losses and unused tax credits. Apart from differences which arise on initial recognition of assets and liabilities, all deferred tax liabilities, and all deferred tax assets to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the asset can be utilised, are recognised.
3 CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENT AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY
Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experiences and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.
The Target Company C makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and assumptions that may have a significant effect on the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below.
Current and deferred income taxes
The Target Company C makes a provision for current income tax based on estimated taxable income for the year. The estimated income tax liabilities are primarily computed based on the tax computations as prepared by the Target Company C. If the Target Company C considers it probable that these queries or judgements will result in different tax positions, the most likely amounts of the outcome will be estimated and adjustments to the income tax expense and income tax liabilities will be made accordingly.
The Target Company C recognises deferred income tax assets based on profits forecasts prepared by management. When the expectation is different from the original estimates, such differences will impact the recognition of deferred income tax assets and taxation charges in the period in which such estimate is changed.
Fair value of financial instruments
Refer to Note 9 to the financial statements.
As at 31 March 2025, financial assets at fair value through profit or loss of approximately HK$7,646,000, which do not have open market quoted values, were measured based on significant unobservable inputs and classified as "Level 3" financial instruments. The fair value is determined using valuation techniques including the enterprise Value-to-Revenue method. The inputs to the model is taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is required in establishing fair value. The judgements include
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considerations of inputs such as forward revenue for the year 2025 which is referenced from the forecast in a listing prospectus and a forward enterprise value-to-revenue ratio multiples of the guideline public companies. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.
4 REVENUE AND OTHER INCOME
Revenue
There was no revenue generated during the Relevant Periods.
Other income
| For the year ended 31 March | For the nine months ended 31 December | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | ||||
| Bank interest income | 1 | 6 | 3 | 3 | - |
| Service fee income | 9,449 | 17,600 | 7,780 | 6,700 | - |
| Foreign exchange gains, net | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| 9,450 | 17,606 | 7,783 | 6,703 | 1 |
5 FINANCE COSTS
| For the year ended 31 March | For the nine months ended 31 December | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | ||||
| Interest on securities account | 178 | 528 | 102 | 85 | 6 |
| Interest on lease liabilities | - | - | - | - | 5 |
| 178 | 528 | 102 | 85 | 11 |
LOSS BEFORE TAX
Loss before taxation is arrived at after charging:
| For the year ended 31 March | For the nine months ended 31 December | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | ||||
| Auditors' remuneration | 25 | 25 | 25 | – | 10 |
| Depreciation of right of use assets | – | – | – | – | 81 |
| Short-term lease charges on property rental | 17,400 | 6,000 | – | – | – |
7 INCOME TAX
(a) No provision was made for the Hong Kong Profits Tax as the Target Company C sustained a loss for taxation purposes during the years ended 31 March 2023, 2024, 2025 and for the period from 1 April 2025 to 31 December 2025.
(b) Reconciliation between tax expense and loss before tax and applicable tax rates:
| For the year ended 31 March | For the nine months ended 31 December | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | ||||
| (Loss)/profit before tax | (15,090) | (3,606) | (1,395) | 3,081 | (28,558) |
| Notional tax on (loss)/profit before taxation calculated at 16.5% | (2,490) | (595) | (230) | 508 | (4,712) |
| Tax effect of current year's tax loss not recognised | 2,490 | 595 | 230 | – | 4,712 |
| Utilisation of tax loss | – | – | – | (508) | – |
| Income tax | – | – | – | – | – |
(c) Deferred tax assets not recognised:
The Target Company C has not recognised deferred tax assets of HK$6,578,034, HK$7,174,110, HK$7,403,651 and HK$12,115,728 in respect of accumulated tax losses of HK$39,866,878, HK$43,479,455, HK$44,870,614 and HK$73,428,660 for the years ended 2023, 2024 and 2025, and nine months ended 31 December 2025 respectively as the availability of future taxable profits against which the assets can be utilised is uncertain at each of the year/period end. The tax losses do not expire under current tax legislation.
DIRECTORS' EMOLUMENTS
During the Relevant Periods, no directors' fees, salaries, allowances and benefits in kind, discretionary bonuses, and retirement scheme contributions were paid/payable to the directors of the Target Company C.
9 RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS
Premises
HK$'000
Cost:
At 1 April 2022, 31 March 2023, 1 April 2023,
31 March 2024 and 1 April 2025
Additions
243
At 31 December 2025
243
Accumulated depreciation:
At 1 April 2022, 31 March 2023, 1 April 2023,
31 March 2024 and 1 April 2025
Charge for the period (Note 6)
81
At 31 December 2025
81
Net carrying amount:
At 31 December 2025
162
The right-of-use assets represent the Company's rights to use underlying leased premises as offices for its operations under operating lease arrangements over the lease terms which are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liabilities.
The lease agreements do not impose any covenants other than the security interests in the leased assets that are held by the lessor. Leased assets may not be used as security for borrowing purposes.
For the nine
months ended
31 December
2025
HK$'000
(unaudited)
Total cash outflow for leases (Note)
63
Note:
Amount includes payments of principal and interest portion of lease liabilities. These amounts were presented in operating and financing cash flows.
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During the period ended 31 December 2025, the Group entered into a new lease the underlying asset as an office in Hong Kong, with the non-cancellable period of 1 year from the commencement date of the lease on 9 September 2025.
10 EQUITY INVESTMENTS AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS
| At 31 March | At 31 December | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |
| (Unaudited) | ||||
| Unlisted investment in Cayman Islands at fair value | ||||
| Global IBO Group Ltd.* | - | - | 7,646 | - |
| Listed investment in United States at fair value | ||||
| GIBO Holdings Ltd. | - | - | - | 2,050 |
| Listed investment in Hong Kong, at fair value | ||||
| Smart Fish Wealthlink Holdings Limited (Formerly known as Central Wealth Group Holdings Limited) | 16,100 | 4,925 | - | - |
| Future World Holdings Limited | - | - | 345 | - |
| 16,100 | 4,925 | 345 | 2,050 |
- Unlisted shares of Global IBO Group Limited were converted into listed shares of GIBO Holdings Limited under a de-SPAC transaction as disclosed in the Company's announcement, dated 13 May 2025.
Note: The fair values of listed equity are based on quoted market prices. The fair values of the unlisted equity securities are determined according to Note 17(ii)(d) to the financial statements.
11 AMOUNTS DUE FROM FELLOW SUBSIDIARIES
Amounts due from fellow subsidiaries as at 31 March 2025 and 31 December 2025 are the amounts of approximately HK$51,000 each due from subsidiaries of Smart Fish Wealthlink Holdings Limited (the "Company"). The amounts are unsecured, interest free and without repayment terms.
12 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Cash at banks earns interest at floating rates based on daily bank deposit rates. The bank balances are deposited with creditworthy banks with no recent history of default. The carrying amounts of the cash and cash equivalents approximate their fair values.
13 AMOUNT DUE TO A SHAREHOLDER
The amount due to a shareholder was unsecured, interest-free and had no fixed terms of repayment.
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LEASE LIABILITIES
| At 31 March | At 31 December | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |
| Within one year | - | - | - | 185 |
| Over one year but not more than five years | - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | 185 | |
| Less: portion classified as current liabilities | - | - | - | - |
| Non-current liabilities | - | - | - | - |
As at the end of the reporting period, the future minimum lease payments of the net minimum lease payments are as follows:
| At 31 March | At 31 December | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |
| Within one year | - | - | - | 189 |
| Over one year but not more than five years | - | - | - | - |
| Total lease payments | - | - | - | 189 |
| Less: finance charges | - | - | - | (4) |
| Total lease obligations | - | - | - | 185 |
15 AMOUNT DUE TO ULTIMATE HOLDING COMPANY AND AMOUNTS DUE TO FELLOW SUBSIDIARIES
(i) as at 31 March 2025 and 31 December 2025 are the amounts of approximately HK$3,250,000 and HK$5,972,000 due to the Company's ultimate holding company, respectively. The amount is unsecured, interest free and repayable on demand.
(ii) as at 31 December 2025, is the amount of approximately HK$16,188,000 due to the Company's fellow subsidiaries. The amounts are unsecured, interest free and repayable on demand.
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16 CAPITAL, RESERVE AND DIVIDENDS
(a) Share Capital
| No. of shares | Amount | |
|---|---|---|
| '000 | HK$'000 | |
| Issued and fully paid: | ||
| At 1 April 2022, 31 March 2023, 1 April 2023, 31 March 2024, 1 April 2024, 31 December 2024, 31 March 2025, 1 April 2025 and 31 December 2025 | * | * |
- Represents amount of less than $1,000
(b) Movements in component of equity
Details of the changes in the Target Company C's individual components of equity between the beginning and the end of the period/year are set out below:
| Capital | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Share capital HK$'000 | contribution reserve HK$'000 | Accumulated losses HK$'000 | Total HK$'000 | |
| At 1 April 2022 | * | - | (24,776) | (24,776) |
| Change in equity for the year: | ||||
| Loss and total comprehensive loss | - | - | (15,090) | (15,090) |
| At 31 March 2023 and 1 April 2023 | * | - | (39,866) | (39,866) |
| Change in equity for the year: | ||||
| Loss and total comprehensive loss | - | - | (3,606) | (3,606) |
| At 31 March 2024 and 1 April 2024 | * | - | (43,472) | (43,472) |
| Change in equity for the year: | ||||
| Contribution from a shareholder | - | 53,359 | - | 53,359 |
| Loss and total comprehensive loss | - | - | (1,395) | (1,395) |
| At 31 March 2025 | * | 53,359 | (44,867) | 8,492 |
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| Capital | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Share capitalHK$’000 | contribution reserveHK$’000 | Accumulated lossesHK$’000 | TotalHK$’000 | |
| (Unaudited) | ||||
| At 1 April 2025 | * | 53,359 | (44,867) | 8,492 |
| Change in equity for the period: | ||||
| Loss and total comprehensive loss | - | - | (28,558) | (28,558) |
| At 31 December 2025 | * | 53,359 | (73,425) | (20,066) |
| (Unaudited) | ||||
| At 1 April 2024 | * | - | (43,472) | (43,472) |
| Change in equity for the period: | ||||
| Profit and total comprehensive income | - | - | 3,081 | 3,081 |
| At 31 December 2024 | * | - | (40,391) | (40,391) |
- Represents amount of less than $1,000
** On 30 January 2025, a contribution of approximately HK$53,359,000 was provided by a shareholder of the Target Company C.
(c) Dividends
No dividend was paid or proposed by the directors of Target Company C during the Relevant Periods.
(d) Capital management
The Target Company C's primary objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Target Company C's ability to continue as a going concern, so that it can continue to provide returns for the shareholders and by securing access to finance at a reasonable cost.
The Target Company C's capital structure is regularly reviewed and managed with due regard to the capital management practices of the Target Company C. Adjustments are made to the capital structure in light of changes in economic conditions affecting the Target Company C, to the extent that these do not conflict with the directors' fiduciary duties towards the Target Company C. The results of the directors' review of the Target Company C's capital structure are used as a basis for the determination of the level of dividends, if any, that are declared. The Target Company C's overall strategy remains unchanged throughout the Relevant Periods.
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
(i) Categories of financial instruments:
| At 31 March | At 31 December | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 HK$'000 | 2024 HK$'000 | 2025 HK$'000 | 2025 HK$'000 (Unaudited) | |
| Financial assets | ||||
| At amortised cost | 29 | 624 | 4,302 | 77 |
| At fair value through profit and loss | 16,100 | 4,925 | 7,991 | 2,050 |
| Financial liabilities | ||||
| At amortised cost | 55,995 | 49,021 | 3,801 | 22,355 |
(ii) Financial risk management and fair values
Exposure to credit, liquidity and interest rate risks arises in the normal course of the Target Company C's business. The Target Company C's exposure to these risks and the financial risk management policies and practices used by the Target Company C to manage these risks are described below.
(a) Credit risk
The credit risk of the Target Company C's financial assets, which comprise cash and cash equivalent, amounts due from fellow subsidiaries and other receivables, arises from default of the counterparty, with a maximum exposure equal to the carrying amounts of these instruments. In assessment of credit risk on other receivables, the management has considered the settlement in subsequent period to the reporting date and also take into consideration of the renewal and subsequent settlement, the management of the Target Company C considers and believes that the amounts are not credit impaired if the past due amount has been subsequently settled in cash.
The tables below detail the credit risk exposures of the Target Company C's financial assets which are subject to ECL assessment:
| Note | 12-month or lifetime ECL | 31 March 2023 Gross carrying amount HK$'000 | 31 March 2024 Gross carrying amount HK$'000 | 31 March 2025 Gross carrying amount HK$'000 | 31 December 2025 Gross carrying amount HK$'000 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other receivables | (a) | Lifetime ECL | - | - | 4,156 | - |
| Credit impaired | - | - | - | 7,058 | ||
| Amounts due from fellow subsidiaries | 12-month ECL | - | - | 51 | 51 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 12-month ECL | 29 | 624 | 95 | 26 |
Note (a): The following table shows the movement in lifetime ECL that has been recognised for other receivables under the simplified approach.
| Lifetime ECL (not credit impaired) | Lifetime ECL (credit impaired) | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HK$’000 | HK$’000 | HK$’000 | |
| As at 1 April 2022, 31 March 2023, | |||
| 1 April 2023 and 31 March 2024 | - | - | - |
| New other receivables originated | 4,156 | - | 4,156 |
| As at 31 March 2025 | 4,156 | - | 4,156 |
| (Unaudited) | |||
| Lifetime ECL (not credit impaired) | Lifetime ECL (credit impaired) | Total | |
| HK$’000 | HK$’000 | HK$’000 | |
| As at 1 April 2025 | 4,156 | - | 4,156 |
| Transfer to credit-impaired | (4,156) | 4,156 | - |
| New other receivables originated | - | 2,902 | 2,902 |
| As at 31 December 2025 | - | 7,058 | 7,058 |
(b) Liquidity risk
The Target Company C's policy is to regularly monitor its liquidity requirements, including the other payables and accruals, and amounts due to shareholders, to ensure that it maintains adequate committed funding from other companies to meet its liquidity requirements in the short and longer term.
Given the amount due to shareholders has no fixed terms of repayment, the earliest settlement dates of the Target Company C's financial liabilities at the end of the reporting period are all within one year or on demand and the contractual amounts of the financial liabilities are all equal to their carrying amounts.
(c) Interest rate risk
The Target Company C is mainly exposed to cash flow interest rate risk in relation to variable-rate bank deposits which is mainly relating to the fluctuation of Hong Kong Prime Rate. The management of the Target Company C monitors the related interest rate risk exposure closely to minimise these interest rate risks.
The directors of the Target Company C consider that the exposure to cash flow interest rate risk on bank deposits are insignificant.
(d) Fair values measurement
(i) Financial assets measured at fair value
During the years ended 31 March 2023, 2024, 2025 and for the period from 1 April 2025 to 31 December 2025, there were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2. Transfers in and out of Level 3 measurements are set out in the following table, which represents the changes of financial instruments in Level 3 for the year ended 31 March 2025 and for the period from 1 April 2025 to 31 December 2025.
| Unlisted trading securities | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year ended 31.3.2023 HK$’000 | Year ended 31.3.2024 HK$’000 | Year ended 31.3.2025 HK$’000 | 1.4.2025 to 31.12.2025 HK$’000 | |
| Opening balance | - | - | - | 7,646 |
| Additions | - | - | 15,843 | - |
| Change in fair value of financial assets at FVTPL | - | - | (8,197) | - |
| Transfers (Note) | - | - | - | (7,646) |
| Closing balance | - | - | 7,646 | - |
Note: During the period from 1 April 2025 to 31 December 2025, transfer from Level 3 to Level 1 was mainly due to the successful Initial Public Offering of the investee.
Valuation processes inputs and relationships to fair value (Level 3)
An independent valuation was performed by the valuer, Ascent Partners Valuation Service Limited, to determine the fair value of the Target Company C as at 31 March 2025. The staff of Ascent Partners Valuation Service Limited, includes Fellow Members from the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors who are experienced in the valuation unlisted securities.
The management of the Target Company C reviewed the valuations performed by the independent valuer for the financial reporting purposes, and held discussion with the independent valuer on the valuation assumptions and valuation results.
As the unlisted securities are not traded in an active market, the fair value has been determined using applicable valuation techniques including enterprise Value-to-Revenue method. This valuation method approaches require significant judgments, assumptions and inputs, including Forward Revenue for the year ended 2025 which is referenced from the forecast in the listing prospectus submitted by the Target Company C and the Forward Enterprise Value-to-Revenue multiples ("Forward EV/S") of the guideline public companies.
C-30
The quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements of investments in unlisted companies comprises:-
| Fair value as at 31 March 2025 HK$'000 | Significant unobservable inputs | Range of inputs at 31 March | Relationship of unobservable inputs to fair value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Investments in unlisted companies at FVTPL | 7,646 | Forecasted revenue for the year ended 31 March 2025 | USD443,900,000 | Commonly employed for companies that have yet to generate stable earnings or revenue but have high revenue growth expectation |
| Forward Price-to-Sales ratio | 1.32 to 9.17 |
Fair value measurement categorised into Level 1 HK$'000
| Recurring fair value measurements | |
|---|---|
| Assets: | |
| As at 31 March 2023 | |
| Trading securities | |
| Listed securities | 16,100 |
| As at 31 March 2024 | |
| --- | --- |
| Trading securities | |
| Listed securities | 4,925 |
| As at 31 March 2025 | |
| --- | --- |
| Trading securities | |
| Listed securities | 345 |
| As at 31 December 2025 | |
| --- | --- |
| Trading securities | |
| Listed securities | 2,050 |
(ii) Financial assets measured at fair value
The carrying amount of the Target Company C's financial instruments carried at other than fair value are not materially different from their fair values as at 31 March 2023, 31 March 2024, 31 March 2025 and 31 December 2025.
C-31
(e) Equity price risk
The Target Company C is exposed to equity price risk through its investments in equity securities measured at FVTPL. The management manages this exposure by maintaining a portfolio of investments with different risks. For equity securities measured at FVTPL, the Target Company C's equity price risk is mainly concentrated on equity instruments which are included in the Hang Seng Index.
18 NOTE TO THE STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Change in liabilities arising from financial activities
| | Lease liabilities
HK$’000 | Amount due to a shareholder
HK$’000 | Total liabilities from financing activities
HK$’000 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| As at 1 April 2022 | – | 19,769 | 19,769 |
| Cash flows | – | 28,060 | 28,060 |
| As at 31 March 2023 and 1 April 2023 | – | 47,829 | 47,829 |
| Cash flows | – | (4,700) | (4,700) |
| As at 31 March 2024 and 1 April 2024 | – | 43,129 | 43,129 |
| Cash flows | – | (6,024) | (6,024) |
| Non cash flows | | | |
| – purchase of equity investment at FVTPL | – | 16,254 | 16,254 |
| – waiver of amount | – | (53,359) | (53,359) |
| (Unaudited) | | | |
| As at 31 March 2025 and 1 April 2025 | – | – | – |
| Cash flows | (63) | – | (63) |
| Non cash flows | | | |
| – new lease liabilities | 243 | – | 243 |
| Interest charges on lease liabilities | 5 | – | 5 |
| As at 31 December 2025 | 185 | – | 185 |
19 MATERIAL RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Apart from the transactions/balances disclosed elsewhere in the Historical Financial Information, the Target Company C did not enter into any other material related party transactions during the Relevant Periods.
C-32
C-33
20 POSSIBLE IMPACT OF AMENDMENTS, NEW STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS ISSUED BUT NOT YET EFFECTIVE FOR THE RELEVANT PERIODS
Up to the date of issue of the Historical Financial Information, the HKICPA has issued a number of new or amended standards, which are not yet effective for the Relevant Periods and which have not been adopted in the Historical Financial Information.
| Effective for accounting periods beginning on or after |
|---|
| Amendments to HKFRS 9 and HKFRS 7, Financial instruments: disclosures – Amendments to the classification and measurement of financial instruments |
| Amendments to HKFRS 9 and HKFRS 7, Contracts Referencing Nature-dependent Electricity |
| Annual improvements to HKFRSs – Volume 11 |
| HKFRS 18, Presentation and disclosure in financial statements |
| HKFRS 19, Subsidiaries without public accountability: disclosures |
| Amendments to HKFRS 10 and HKAS 28, Sale or contribution of assets between an investor and its associate or joint venture |
| Amendments to HKAS 21, Translation to a Hyperinflationary presentation currency |
The Target Company C is in the process of making an assessment of what the impact of these developments is expected to be in the period of initial application. So far it has concluded that the adoption of them is unlikely to have a significant impact on the Historical Financial Information.
21 SUBSEQUENT FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
No audited financial statements of the Target Company C have been prepared in respect of any period subsequent to 31 December 2025.
APPENDIX D - FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF THE TARGET COMPANY D
KTC Partners CPA Limited
Certified Public Accountants (Practising)
中瑞和信會計師事務所有限公司
ACCOUNTANTS' REPORT ON HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF TREASURE NICE INVESTMENT LIMITED TO THE DIRECTORS OF SMART FISH WEALTHLINK HOLDINGS LIMITED (FORMERLY KNOWN AS CENTRAL WEALTH GROUP HOLDINGS LIMITED)
The supplemental accountants' report set out below should be read together with the accountants' report on the historical financial information of Treasure Nice Investment Limited (the "Target Company D") contained in the circular of Smart Fish Wealthlink Holdings Limited (the "Company") dated 12 May 2026. This supplemental accountants' report has been prepared for the purpose of including the omitted historical financial information for the year ended 31 March 2023 and to present the complete three-year financial track record for the Target Company D.
We report on the historical financial information of the Target Company D set out on pages D-4 to D-29, which comprises the statements of financial position of the Target Company D as at 31 March 2023, 2024 and 2025 and 31 December 2025 and the statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income and the statements of changes in equity, for each of the years ended 31 March 2023, 2024 and 2025, and the nine months ended 31 December 2025 (the "Relevant Periods"), and a summary of material accounting policies and other explanatory information (together, the "Historical Financial Information"). The Historical Financial Information set out on pages D-4 to D-29 forms an integral part of this report, which has been prepared for inclusion in the circular of the Company dated 12 May 2026 (the "Circular") in connection with the acquisition of 100% equity interests in the Target Company D by the Group which was completed on 25 February 2025.
Directors' responsibility for Historical Financial Information
The directors of the Target Company D are responsible for the preparation of Historical Financial Information that gives a true and fair view in accordance with the basis of preparation and presentation set out in note 1 to the Historical Financial Information.
The Underlying Financial Statements of the Target Company D as defined on page D-4, on which the Historical Financial Information is based, were prepared by the directors of the Target Company D. The directors of the Target Company D are responsible for the preparation of the Underlying Financial Statements that give a true and fair view in accordance with Hong Kong Financial Reporting Standards issued by the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants
D-1
("HKICPA"), and for such internal control as the directors of the Target Company D determine is necessary to enable the preparation of the Underlying Financial Statements that is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
Reporting accountants' responsibility
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Historical Financial Information and to report our opinion to you. We conducted our work in accordance with Hong Kong Standard on Investment Circular Reporting Engagements 200 "Accountants' Reports on Historical Financial Information in Investment Circulars" issued by the HKICPA. This standard requires that we comply with ethical standards and plan and perform our work to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the Historical Financial Information is free from material misstatement.
Our work involved performing procedures to obtain evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the Historical Financial Information. The procedures selected depend on the reporting accountants' judgement, including the assessment of risks of material misstatement of the Historical Financial Information, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the reporting accountants consider internal control relevant to the entity's preparation of Historical Financial Information that gives a true and fair view in accordance with the basis of preparation and presentation set out in note 1 to the Historical Financial Information in order to design procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity's internal control. Our work also included evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by the directors, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the Historical Financial Information.
We believe that the evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Opinion
In our opinion, the Historical Financial Information gives, for the purpose of the accountants' report, a true and fair view of the Target Company D's financial position as at 31 March 2023, 2024 and 2025 and 31 December 2025 and of the Target Company D's financial performance and cash flows for the Relevant Periods in accordance with the basis of preparation and presentation set out in note 1 to the Historical Financial Information.
Review of stub period corresponding financial information
We have reviewed the stub period corresponding financial information of the Target Company D which comprises the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income and the statement of changes in equity for the nine months ended 31 December 2024 and other explanatory information (the "Stub Period Corresponding Financial Information"). The directors of the Target Company D are responsible for the preparation and presentation of the
D-2
Stub Period Corresponding Financial Information in accordance with the basis of preparation and presentation set out in note 1 to the Historical Financial Information. Our responsibility is to express a conclusion on the Stub Period Corresponding Financial Information based on our review. We conducted our review in accordance with Hong Kong Standard on Review Engagements 2410 “Review of Interim Financial Information Performed by the Independent Auditor of the Entity” issued by the HKICPA. A review consists of making enquiries, primarily of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters, and applying analytical and other review procedures. A review is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with Hong Kong Standards on Auditing and consequently does not enable us to obtain assurance that we would become aware of all significant matters that might be identified in an audit. Accordingly, we do not express an audit opinion. Based on our review, nothing has come to our attention that causes us to believe that the Stub Period Corresponding Financial Information, for the purpose of the accountants’ report, is not prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with the basis of preparation and presentation set out in note 1 to the Historical Financial Information.
Report on matters under the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited
Adjustments
In preparing the Historical Financial Information, no adjustments to the Underlying Financial Statements as defined on page D-4 have been made.
KTC Partners CPA Limited
Certified Public Accountants (Practising)
Chow Yiu Wah, Joseph
Practising Certificate Number: P04686
Hong Kong, 29 May 2026
HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Set out below is the Historical Financial Information which forms an integral part of this accountants' report. The financial statements of the Target Company D for the Relevant Periods, on which the Historical Financial Information is based, were audited by KTC Partners CPA Limited in accordance with Hong Kong Standards on Auditing issued by the HKICPA (the "Underlying Financial Statements").
STATEMENTS OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
| Note | For the year ended 31 March | For the nine months ended 31 December | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 HK$’000 | 2024 HK$’000 | 2025 HK$’000 | 2024 HK$’000 (unaudited) | 2025 HK$’000 (unaudited) | ||
| Revenue | 4 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other income | 4 | 1,314 | 1,172 | - | * | 1 |
| Losses on disposal of equity investments at fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”) | - | - | - | - | (5,085) | |
| Unrealised fair value losses of equity investments at FVTPL, net | - | - | (5,675) | - | - | |
| Administrative and other operating expenses | (1,269) | (54) | (27) | * | (12) | |
| Finance costs | 5 | (2,421) | (1,396) | - | - | - |
| Loss before tax | 6 | (2,376) | (278) | (5,702) | * | (5,096) |
| Income tax | 7 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Loss and total comprehensive loss for the year/period | (2,376) | (278) | (5,702) | * | (5,096) |
The accompanying notes form part of the Historical Financial Information.
D-4
STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
| Note | At 31 March | At 31 December | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 HK$’000 | 2024 HK$’000 | 2025 HK$’000 | 2025 HK$’000 (unaudited) | ||
| Non-current assets | |||||
| Property, plant and equipment | 9 | - | - | - | - |
| Current assets | |||||
| Equity investments at fair value through profit or loss | 10 | - | - | 5,293 | - |
| Loan to third parties | 11 | 61,300 | - | - | - |
| Other receivables | - | - | 24 | - | |
| Amounts due from shareholders | 12 | 160,000 | - | - | - |
| Amount due from ultimate holding company | 12 | - | - | - | 209 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 13 | 1 | 25 | 2 | 108 |
| 221,301 | 25 | 5,319 | 317 | ||
| Current liabilities | |||||
| Rental deposits received | 276 | 276 | - | - | |
| Other payables and accruals | 25 | 50 | 28 | 122 | |
| Bank borrowings | 14 | 58,347 | - | - | - |
| Amount due to a fellow subsidiary | 15 | - | - | 25 | 25 |
| Other borrowing | 16 | 174,097 | 11,421 | - | - |
| 232,745 | 11,747 | 53 | 147 | ||
| Net current (liabilities)/assets | (11,444) | (11,722) | 5,266 | 170 | |
| NET (LIABILITIES)/ASSETS | (11,444) | (11,722) | 5,266 | 170 | |
| Capital and reserve | |||||
| Share capital | 17 | * | * | * | * |
| Capital contribution reserve | 17 | - | - | 22,690 | 22,690 |
| Accumulated losses | 17 | (11,444) | (11,722) | (17,424) | (22,520) |
| TOTAL (DEFICIT)/EQUITY | (11,444) | (11,722) | 5,266 | 170 |
- Represents amount of less than $1,000
The accompanying notes form part of the Historical Financial Information.
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
| | Share capital
HK$'000 | Capital contribution reserve
HK$'000 | Accumulated losses
HK$'000 | Total
HK$'000 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| As at 1 April 2022 | * | – | (9,068) | (9,068) |
| Change in equity for the year: | | | | |
| Loss and total comprehensive loss for the year | – | – | (2,376) | (2,376) |
| As at 1 April 2023 | * | – | (11,444) | (11,444) |
| Change in equity for the year: | | | | |
| Loss and total comprehensive loss for the year | – | – | (278) | (278) |
| As at 1 April 2024 | * | – | (11,722) | (11,722) |
| Change in equity for the year: | | | | |
| Contribution from shareholders | – | 22,690 | – | 22,690 |
| Loss and total comprehensive income for the year | – | – | (5,702) | (5,702) |
| At 31 March 2025 | * | 22,690 | (17,424) | 5,266 |
| (Unaudited) | | | | |
| At 1 April 2025 | * | 22,690 | (17,424) | 5,266 |
| Change in equity for the period: | | | | |
| Loss and total comprehensive loss for the period | – | – | (5,096) | (5,096) |
| At 31 December 2025 | * | 22,690 | (22,520) | 170 |
| (Unaudited) | | | | |
| At 1 April 2024 | * | – | (11,722) | (11,722) |
| Change in equity for the period: | | | | |
| Profit and total comprehensive income for the period | – | – | * | * |
| At 31 December 2024 | * | – | (11,722) | (11,722) |
- Represents amount of less than $1,000
The accompanying notes form part of the Historical Financial Information.
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| At 31 March | At 31 December | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 HK$'000 | 2024 HK$'000 | 2025 HK$'000 | 2025 HK$'000 (unaudited) | |
| Cash flows from operating activities | ||||
| Loss before income tax | (2,376) | (278) | (5,702) | (5,096) |
| Adjustments for: | ||||
| Interest income | * | * | * | * |
| Finance costs | 2,421 | 1,396 | - | - |
| Depreciation of property, plant and equipment | 1,237 | - | - | - |
| Unrealised fair value losses of equity investments at FVTPL, net | - | - | 5,675 | - |
| Losses on disposal of equity investments at FVTPL | - | - | - | 5,293 |
| Cash generated from/(used in) operations | 1,282 | 1,118 | (27) | 197 |
| (Decrease)/increase in other receivables | - | - | (24) | 24 |
| Decrease in rental deposits received | - | - | (276) | - |
| (Decrease)/increase in other payables and accruals | (99) | 25 | 3 | 94 |
| Cash generated from/(used in) operating activities | 1,183 | 1,143 | (324) | 315 |
| Interest paid | (2,421) | (1,396) | - | - |
| Interest received | * | * | * | * |
| Net cash (used in)/generated from operating activities | (1,238) | (253) | (324) | 315 |
| Cash flows from investing activities | ||||
| Repayment from loan to a third party | - | 61,300 | - | - |
| Net cash generated from investing activities | - | 61,300 | - | - |
| Cash flows from financing activities | ||||
| Proceeds from/(repayment of) other borrowings | 4,243 | (162,676) | (11,421) | - |
| Repayment of bank borrowings | (3,021) | (58,347) | - | - |
| Advance from shareholders | - | 160,000 | 11,722 | - |
| Advance to ultimate holding company | - | - | - | (209) |
| Net cash generated from/(used in) financing activities | 1,222 | (61,023) | 301 | (209) |
| Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents | (16) | 24 | (23) | 106 |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year/period | 17 | 1 | 25 | 2 |
| Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year/period | 1 | 25 | 2 | 108 |
- Represents amount of less than $1,000
D-7
NOTES TO THE HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
1 BASIS OF PREPARATION AND PRESENTATION OF HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Treasure Nice Investment Limited (the “Target Company D”) was incorporated in Hong Kong with limited liability. The registered office and principal place of business of the Target Company D is 5th Floor, Phase II, China Taiping Tower, 8 Sunning Road, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong. The principal activities of the Target Company D was investment holding in listed and unlisted securities during the Relevant Periods.
The statutory financial statements of Target Company D were prepared in accordance with HKFRS Accounting Standards and HKFRS for Private Entities Accounting Standards and have been audited by Albert Y K Lau & Co., for the years ended 31 March 2023 and 2024 and for the period from 1 April 2024 to 25 February 2025.
The Historical Financial Information has been prepared in accordance with all applicable HKFRS Accounting Standards which collective term includes all applicable individual HKFRS Accounting Standards, Hong Kong Accounting Standards (“HKASs”) and Interpretations issued by the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants (“HKICPA”). Further details of the material accounting policies adopted are set out in note 2.
The HKICPA has issued a number of new and revised HKFRS Accounting Standards. For the purpose of preparing this Historical Financial Information, the Target Company D has adopted all applicable new and revised HKFRS Accounting Standards to the Relevant Periods, except for any new standards or interpretations that are not yet effective for the accounting period beginning on 1 April 2025. The revised and new accounting standards and interpretations issued but not yet effective for the Relevant Periods are set out in note 21.
The Historical Financial Information also complies with the applicable disclosure provisions of the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (the “Stock Exchange”).
The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to the Relevant Periods presented in the Historical Financial Information.
The Stub Period Corresponding Financial Information has been prepared in accordance with the same basis of preparation and presentation adopted in respect of the Historical Financial Information.
2 MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(a) Basis of measurement
The measurement basis used in the preparation of the Historical Financial Information is the historical cost basis except that equity investments at fair value as explained in the accounting policy set out in note 2(c).
(b) Use of estimates and judgements
The preparation of the Historical Financial Information in conformity with HKFRS Accounting Standards requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of policies and reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis of making the judgements about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
D-8
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.
Judgements made by management in the application of HKFRS Accounting Standards that have significant effect on the financial statements and major sources of estimation uncertainty are discussed in note 3.
(c) Financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when a entity becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All regular way purchases or sales of financial assets are recognised and derecognised on a trade date/settlement date basis. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value except for trade receivables arising from contracts with customers which are initially measured in accordance with HKFRS 15. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss ("FVTPL")) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at FVTPL are recognised immediately in profit or loss.
The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial asset or financial liability and of allocating interest income and interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts and payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial asset or financial liability, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.
Interest/dividend income which are derived from the Target Company D's ordinary course of business are presented as revenue.
Financial assets
Classification and subsequent measurement of financial assets
Financial assets that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at amortised cost:
- the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to collect contractual cash flows; and
- the contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount.
D-9
Financial assets that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVTOCI”):
- the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both selling and collecting contractual cash flows; and
- the contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.
All other financial assets are subsequently measured at FVTPL, except that at initial recognition of a financial asset the Target Company D may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in fair value of an equity investment in other comprehensive income if that equity investment is neither held for trading nor contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in a business combination to which HKFRS 3 Business Combinations applies.
A financial asset is classified as held for trading if:
- it has been acquired principally for the purpose of selling in the near term; or
- on initial recognition it is a part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the group manages together and has a recent actual pattern of short-term profit-taking; or
- it is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument.
In addition, the Target Company D may irrevocably designate a financial asset that are required to be measured at the amortised cost or FVTOCI as measured at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch.
(i) Amortised cost and interest income
Interest income is recognised using the effective interest method for financial assets measured subsequently at amortised cost. Interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount of a financial asset, except for financial assets that have subsequently become credit-impaired (see below). For financial assets that have subsequently become credit-impaired, interest income is recognised by applying the effective interest rate to the amortised cost of the financial asset from the next reporting period. If the credit risk on the credit impaired financial instrument improves so that the financial asset is no longer credit-impaired, interest income is recognised by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset from the beginning of the reporting period following the determination that the asset is no longer credit impaired.
(ii) Financial assets at FVTPL
Financial assets that do not meet the criteria for being measured at amortised cost or FVTOCI or designated as FVTOCI are measured at FVTPL.
Financial assets at FVTPL are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any fair value gains or losses recognised in profit or loss. The net gain or loss recognised in profit or loss excludes any dividend or interest earned on the financial asset and is presented as the “other income and gain” line item.
D-10
D-11
Impairment of financial assets
The Target Company D performs impairment assessment under expected credit losses (“ECL”) model on financial assets which are subject to impairment under HKFRS 9. The amount of ECL is updated at each reporting date to reflect changes in credit risk since initial recognition.
Lifetime ECL represents the ECL that will result from all possible default events over the expected life of the relevant instrument. In contrast, 12-month ECL (“12m ECL”) represents the portion of lifetime ECL that is expected to result from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date. Assessment are done based on the Target Company D’s historical credit loss experience, adjusted for factors that are specific to the debtors, general economic conditions and an assessment of both the current conditions at the reporting date as well as the forecast of future conditions.
For all instruments, the Target Company D measures the loss allowance equal to 12m ECL, unless when there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, in which case the Target Company D recognises lifetime ECL. The assessment of whether lifetime ECL should be recognised is based on significant increases in the likelihood or risk of a default occurring since initial recognition.
(i) Significant increase in credit risk
In assessing whether the credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition, the Target Company D compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the date of initial recognition. In making this assessment, the Target Company D considers both quantitative and qualitative information that is reasonable and supportable, including historical experience and forward-looking information that is available without undue cost or effort.
In particular, the following information is taken into account when assessing whether credit risk has increased significantly:
- an actual or expected significant deterioration in the financial instrument’s external (if available) or internal credit rating;
- significant deterioration in external market indicators of credit risk, e.g. a significant increase in the credit spread, the credit default swap prices for the debtor;
- existing or forecast adverse changes in business, financial or economic conditions that are expected to cause a significant decrease in the debtor’s ability to meet its debt obligations;
- an actual or expected significant deterioration in the operating results of the debtor;
- an actual or expected significant adverse change in the regulatory, economic, or technological environment of the debtor that results in a significant decrease in the debtor’s ability to meet its debt obligations.
Irrespective of the outcome of the above assessment, the Target Company D presumes that the credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition when contractual payments are more than 30 days past due, unless the Target Company D has reasonable and supportable information that demonstrates otherwise.
(i) Significant increase in credit risk
Despite the foregoing, the Target Company D assumes that the credit risk on a debt instrument has not increased significantly since initial recognition if the debt instrument is determined to have low credit risk at the reporting date. A debt instrument is determined to have low credit risk if i) it has a low risk of default, ii) the borrower has a strong capacity to meet its contractual cash flow obligations in the near term and iii) adverse changes in economic and business conditions in the longer term may, but will not necessarily, reduce the ability of the borrower to fulfil its contractual cash flow obligations. The Target Company D considers a debt instrument to have low credit risk when it has an internal or external credit rating of ‘investment grade’ as per globally understood definitions.
The Target Company D regularly monitors the effectiveness of the criteria used to identify whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk and revises them as appropriate to ensure that the criteria are capable of identifying significant increase in credit risk before the amount becomes past due.
(ii) Definition of default
The Target Company D considers that default has occurred when a financial asset is more than 90 days past due unless the Target Company D has reasonable and supportable information to demonstrate that a more lagging default criterion is more appropriate.
(iii) Credit-impaired financial assets
A financial asset is credit-impaired when one or more events of default that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of that financial asset have occurred. Evidence that a financial asset is credit-impaired includes observable data about the following events:
(a) significant financial difficulty of the issuer or the borrower;
(b) a breach of contract, such as a default or past due event;
(c) the lender(s) of the borrower, for economic or contractual reasons relating to the borrower’s financial difficulty, having granted to the borrower a concession(s) that the lender(s) would not otherwise consider;
(d) it is becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganisation; or
(e) the disappearance of an active market for that financial asset because of financial difficulties.
D-12
(iv) Write-off policy
The Target Company D writes off a financial asset when there is information indicating that the counterparty is in severe financial difficulty and there is no realistic prospect of recovery, for example, when the counterparty has been placed under liquidation or has entered into bankruptcy proceedings, or in the case of trade receivables, when the amounts are over one year past due, whichever occurs sooner. Financial assets written off may still be subject to enforcement activities under the Target Company D's recovery procedures, taking into account legal advice where appropriate. A write-off constitutes a derecognition event. Any subsequent recoveries are recognised in profit or loss.
(v) Measurement and recognition of ECL
The measurement of ECL is a function of the probability of default, loss given default (i.e. the magnitude of the loss if there is a default) and the exposure at default. The assessment of the probability of default and loss given default is based on historical data adjusted by forward-looking information. Estimation of ECL reflects an unbiased and probability-weighted amount that is determined with the respective risks of default occurring as the weights. The Target Company D uses a practical expedient in estimating ECL on trade receivables using a provision matrix taking into consideration historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forward looking information that is available without undue cost or effort.
Generally, the ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Target Company D in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the Target Company D expects to receive, discounted at the effective interest rate determined at initial recognition.
Lifetime ECL for certain trade receivables are considered on a collective basis taking into consideration past due information and relevant credit information such as forward looking macroeconomic information.
For collective assessment, the Target Company D takes into consideration the following characteristics when formulating the grouping:
- Past-due status;
- Nature, size and industry of debtors; and
- External credit ratings where available.
The grouping is regularly reviewed by management to ensure the constituents of each group continue to share similar credit risk characteristics.
Interest income is calculated based on the gross carrying amount of the financial asset unless the financial asset is credit impaired, in which case interest income is calculated based on mortised cost of the financial asset.
The Target Company D recognises an impairment gain or loss in profit or loss for all financial instruments by adjusting their carrying amount, with the exception of trade receivables where the corresponding adjustment is recognised through a loss allowance account.
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(vi) Derecognition of financial assets
The Target Company D derecognises a financial asset only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the assets expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another entity.
On derecognition of a financial asset measured at amortised cost, the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable is recognised in profit or loss.
Financial liabilities and equity instruments
Debt and equity instruments are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.
Financial liabilities
The Target Company D's financial liabilities include rental deposits received, other payables and accruals, and bank and other borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest method.
Derecognition
The Target Company D derecognises financial liabilities when, and only when, the Target Company D's obligations are discharged, cancelled or expire. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognised and the consideration paid and payable is recognised in profit or loss.
Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
(d) Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment (including right-of-use assets) are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.
The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment comprises its purchase price and any directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition and location for its intended use. Expenditure incurred after the item has been put into operation, such as repairs and maintenance and overhaul costs, is normally charged to the income statement in the year in which it is incurred. In situations where it can be clearly demonstrated that the expenditure has resulted in an increase in future economic benefits expected to be obtained from the use of the item, the expenditure is capitalised as an additional cost of the item. When an item of property, plant and equipment is sold, its cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the financial statements and any gain or loss resulting from the disposal, being the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, is included in the income statement.
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Depreciation is calculated to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment, less their estimated residual value, if any, using the straight line method. The principal annual rates used for depreciation are as follows:
Leasehold improvement
20%
(e) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and demand deposits, and short-term highly liquid investments which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, and have a short maturity of generally within three months when acquired.
(f) Borrowing costs
All borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.
(g) Provisions and contingent liabilities
Provisions are recognised when the Target Company D has a legal or constructive obligation arising as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made. Where the time value of money is material, provisions are stated at the present value of the expenditure expected to settle the obligation.
Where it is not probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required, or the amount cannot be estimated reliably, the obligation is disclosed as a contingent liability, unless the probability of outflow of economic benefits is remote. Possible obligations, whose existence will only be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more future events, are also disclosed as contingent liabilities unless the probability of outflow of economic benefits is remote.
Where some or all of the expenditure required to settle a provision is expected to be reimbursed by another party, a separate asset is recognised for any expected reimbursement that would be virtually certain. The amount recognised for the reimbursement is limited to the carrying amount of the provision.
(h) Revenue recognition
Revenue from contracts with customers
Under HKFRS 15, the Target Company D recognises revenue when (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied, i.e. when "control" of the goods or services underlying the particular performance obligation is transferred to the customer.
A performance obligation represents a good or service (or a bundle of goods or services) that is distinct or a series of distinct goods or services that are substantially the same.
Control is transferred over time and revenue is recognised over time by reference to the progress towards complete satisfaction of the relevant performance obligation if one of the following criteria is met:
- the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Target Company D's performance as the Target Company D performs;
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- the Target Company D's performance creates or enhances an asset that the customer controls as the Target Company D performs; or
- the Target Company D's performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the Target Company D and the Target Company D has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.
Otherwise, revenue is recognised at a point in time when the customer obtains control of the distinct good or service.
A contract liability represents the Target Company D's obligation to transfer goods or services that the Target Company D has transferred to a customer that is not yet unconditional. It is assessed for impairment in accordance with HKFRS 9. In contrast, a receivables represents the Target Company D's unconditional right to consideration. i.e. only the passage of time is required before payment of that consideration is due.
A contract liability represents the Target Company D's obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Target Company D has received consideration (or an amount of consideration is due) from the customer.
A contract asset and a contract liability relating to a contract are accounted for and presented on a net basis.
Other income
Rental income
Rental income from investment property that is leased to third party under operating leases is recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
(i) Related parties
(a) A person, or a close member of that person's family, is related to the Target Company D if that person:
(i) has control or joint control over the Target Company D;
(ii) has significant influence over the Target Company D; or
(iii) is a member of the key management personnel of the Target Company D or the Target Company D's parent.
(b) An entity is related to the Target Company D if any of the following conditions applies:
(i) The entity and the Target Company D are members of the same group (which means that each parent, subsidiary and fellow subsidiary is related to the others).
(ii) One entity is an associate or a joint venture of the other entity (or an associate or a joint venture of a member of a group of which the other entity is a member).
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(iii) Both entities are joint ventures of the same third party.
(iv) One entity is a joint venture of a third entity and the other entity is an associate of the third entity.
(v) The entity is a post-employment benefit plan for the benefit of employees of either the Target Company D or an entity related to the Target Company D.
(vi) The entity is controlled or jointly controlled by a person identified in (a) above.
(vii) A person identified in (a)(i) above has significant influence over the entity or is a member of the key management personnel of the entity (or of a parent of the entity).
(viii) The entity, or any member of a group of which it is a part, provides key management personnel services to the Target Company D or to the Target Company D's parent.
Close members of the family of a person are those family members who may be expected to influence, or be influenced by, that person in their dealings with the entity.
(j) Foreign exchange
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency of the Target Company D using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Exchange differences arising from the settlement of such transactions and from the retranslation at the year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in profit or loss.
(k) Fair value measurement
When measuring fair value, the Target Company D takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Target Company D uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs. Specifically, the Target Company D categorised the fair value measurements into three levels, based on the characteristics of inputs, as follow:
Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.
Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.
At the end of the reporting period, the Target Company D determines whether transfer occur between levels of the fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities which are measured at fair value on recurring basis by reviewing their respective fair value measurement.
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(l) Income tax
Income tax for the year/period comprises current tax and movements in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Current tax and movements in deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised in profit or loss except to the extent that they relate to items recognised in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case the relevant amounts of tax are recognised in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.
Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year/period, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years/periods.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities arise from deductible and taxable temporary differences respectively, being the differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets also arise from unused tax losses and unused tax credits. Apart from differences which arise on initial recognition of assets and liabilities, all deferred tax liabilities, and all deferred tax assets to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the asset can be utilised, are recognised.
3 CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENT AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY
Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experiences and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.
The Target Company D makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and assumptions that may have a significant effect on the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below.
Current and deferred income taxes
The Target Company D makes a provision for current income tax based on estimated taxable income for the year. The estimated income tax liabilities are primarily computed based on the tax computations as prepared by the Target Company D. If the Target Company D considers it probable that these queries or judgements will result in different tax positions, the most likely amounts of the outcome will be estimated and adjustments to the income tax expense and income tax liabilities will be made accordingly. The Target Company D recognises deferred income tax assets based on profits forecasts prepared by management. When the expectation is different from the original estimates, such differences will impact the recognition of deferred income tax assets and taxation charges in the period in which such estimate is changed.
Fair value of financial instruments
Refer to Note 10 to the financial statements.
As at 31 March 2025, financial assets at fair value through profit or loss of approximately HK$5,293,000, which do not have open market quoted values, were measured based on significant unobservable inputs and classified as “Level 3” financial instruments. The fair value is determined using valuation techniques including the enterprise Value-to-Revenue method. The inputs to the model is taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is required in establishing fair value. The judgements include
considerations of inputs such as forward revenue for the year 2025 which is referenced from the forecast in a listing prospectus and a forward enterprise value-to-revenue ratio multiples of the guideline public companies. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.
4 REVENUE AND OTHER INCOME
Revenue
There was no revenue generated during the Relevant Periods.
| For the year ended 31 March | For the nine months ended 31 December | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | ||||
| Rental income | 1,314 | 1,172 | - | - | - |
| Foreign exchange gains, net | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| 1,314 | 1,172 | - | - | 1 |
5 FINANCE COSTS
| For the year ended 31 March | For the nine months ended 31 December | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | ||||
| Interest on bank borrowings | 2,421 | 1,396 | - | - | - |
6 LOSS BEFORE TAX
Loss before taxation is arrived at after charging:
| For the year ended 31 March | For the nine months ended 31 December | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | ||||
| Auditors' remuneration | 25 | 25 | 25 | - | - |
| Depreciation of property, plant and equipment | 1,237 | - | - | - | - |
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7 INCOME TAX
(a) No provision was made for the Hong Kong Profits Tax as the Target Company D sustained a loss for taxation purposes during the years ended 31 March 2023, 2024, 2025 and for the period from 1 April 2025 to 31 December 2025.
(b) Reconciliation between tax expense and loss before tax and applicable tax rates:
| For the year ended 31 March | For the nine months ended 31 December | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |
| Loss before tax | (2,376) | (278) | (5,702) | - | (5,096) |
| Notional tax on loss before taxation calculated at 16.5% | (392) | (46) | (940) | - | (841) |
| Tax effect of current year's tax loss not recognised | 392 | 46 | 940 | - | 841 |
| Income tax | - | - | - | - | - |
(c) Deferred tax assets not recognised:
The Target Company D has not recognised deferred tax assets of HK$1,585,413, HK$1,631,308, HK$2,572,100, and HK$3,412,985 in respect of accumulated tax losses of HK$9,608,564, HK$9,886,715, HK$15,588,490 and HK$20,684,757 for the years ended 2023, 2024 and 2025, and nine months ended 31 December 2025 respectively as the availability of future taxable profits against which the assets can be utilised is uncertain at each of the year/period end. The tax losses do not expire under current tax legislation.
8 DIRECTORS' EMOLUMENTS
During the Relevant Periods, no directors' fees, salaries, allowances and benefits in kind, discretionary bonuses, and retirement scheme contributions were paid/payable to the directors of the Target Company D.
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9 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
| | Leasehold improvement
HK$'000 |
| --- | --- |
| Cost | |
| At 1 April 2022, 31 March 2023, 31 March 2024, 31 March 2025 and
31 December 2025 | 6,183 |
| Accumulated depreciation | |
| At 1 April 2022 | 4,946 |
| Charge for the year | 1,237 |
| At 31 March 2023, 31 March 2024, 31 March 2025 and 31 December 2025 | 6,183 |
| Net book value | |
| At 31 March 2023, 31 March 2024, 31 March 2025 and 31 December 2025 | - |
10 EQUITY INVESTMENTS AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS
| At 31 March | At 31 December | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |
| (Unaudited) | ||||
| Unlisted investment in Cayman Islands, at fair value | ||||
| Global IBO Group Ltd.* | - | - | 5,293 | - |
| Listed investment in United States, at fair value | ||||
| GIBO Holdings Ltd. | - | - | - | - |
- Unlisted shares of Global IBO Group Limited were converted into listed shares of GIBO Holdings Limited under a de-SPAC transaction as disclosed in the Company's announcement, dated 13 May 2025.
Note: The fair values of listed equity are based on quoted market prices. The fair values of the unlisted equity securities are determined according to Note 16(ii)(d) to the financial statements.
LOAN FROM THIRD PARTIES
| At 31 March | At 31 December | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |
| LAM Yan Bing | 53,300 | - | - | - |
| SHIO Eng | 8,000 | - | - | - |
| 61,300 | - | - | - |
The amounts are unsecured and interest bearing at the commercial rate with no fixed repayment terms.
12 AMOUNTS DUE FROM SHAREHOLDERS/ULTIMATE HOLDING COMPANY
The amounts are unsecured and interest bearing at the commercial rate with no fixed repayment terms.
The amount due from ultimate holding company is unsecured, interest-free and have no fixed terms of repayment.
13 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Cash at banks earns interest at floating rates based on daily bank deposit rates. The bank balances are deposited with creditworthy banks with no recent history of default. The carrying amounts of the cash and cash equivalents approximate their fair values.
14 BANK BORROWINGS
| At 31 March | At 31 December | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |
| Bank borrowings – secured | 58,347 | - | - | (Unaudited) |
As at 31 March 2023, the bank loans were secured by the investment properties owned by the Target Company D's directors and third parties.
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15 AMOUNT DUE TO A FELLOW SUBSIDIARY
The amount due to a fellow subsidiary is unsecured, interest-free and have no fixed terms of repayment.
16 OTHER BORROWING
| At 31 March | At 31 December | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |
| (Unaudited) | ||||
| Other borrowing – unsecured | 174,097 | 11,421 | – | – |
As at 31 March 2023 and 2024, the other loans were unsecured, interest free and had no fixed terms of repayment.
17 CAPITAL, RESERVE AND DIVIDENDS
(a) Share Capital
| No. of shares | Amount | |
|---|---|---|
| '000 | HK$'000 | |
| Issued and fully paid: | ||
| At 1 April 2022, 31 March 2023, 1 April 2023, 31 March 2024, 1 April 2024, 31 December 2024, 31 March 2025, 1 April 2025 and 31 December 2025 | * | * |
- Represents amount of less than $1,000
(b) Movements in component of equity
Details of the changes in the Target Company D's individual components of equity between the beginning and the end of the year/period are set out below:
| | Share capital
HK$'000 | Capital contribution reserve
HK$'000 | Accumulated losses
HK$'000 | Total
HK$'000 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| At 1 April 2022 | * | – | (9,068) | (9,068) |
| Change in equity for the year: | | | | |
| Loss and total comprehensive loss | – | – | (2,376) | (2,376) |
| At 31 March 2023 and 1 April 2023 | * | – | (11,444) | (11,444) |
| Change in equity for the year: | | | | |
| Loss and total comprehensive loss | – | – | (278) | (278) |
| At 31 March 2024 and 1 April 2024 | * | – | (11,722) | (11,722) |
| Change in equity for the year: | | | | |
| Contribution from shareholders** | – | 22,690 | – | 22,690 |
| Loss and total comprehensive loss | – | – | (5,702) | (5,702) |
| At 31 March 2025 | * | 22,690 | (17,424) | 5,266 |
| (Unaudited) | | | | |
| At 1 April 2025 | * | 22,690 | (17,424) | 5,266 |
| Change in equity for the period: | | | | |
| Loss and total comprehensive loss | – | – | (5,096) | (5,096) |
| At 31 December 2025 | * | 22,690 | (22,520) | 170 |
| (Unaudited) | | | | |
| At 1 April 2024 | * | – | (11,722) | (11,722) |
| Change in equity for the period: | | | | |
| Profit and total comprehensive income | – | – | * | * |
| At 31 December 2024 | * | – | (11,722) | (11,722) |
- Represents amount of less than $1,000
** On 30 January 2025, a contribution of approximately HK$22,690,000 was provided by the shareholders of the Target Company D.
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(c) Dividends
No dividend was paid or proposed by the directors of Target Company D during the Relevant Periods.
(d) Capital management
The Target Company D's primary objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Target Company D's ability to continue as a going concern, so that it can continue to provide returns for the shareholders and by securing access to finance at a reasonable cost.
The Target Company D's capital structure is regularly reviewed and managed with due regard to the capital management practices of the Target Company D. Adjustments are made to the capital structure in light of changes in economic conditions affecting the Target Company D, to the extent that these do not conflict with the directors' fiduciary duties towards the Target Company D. The results of the directors' review of the Target Company D's capital structure are used as a basis for the determination of the level of dividends, if any, that are declared. The Target Company D's overall strategy remains unchanged throughout the Relevant Periods.
18 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
(i) Categories of financial instruments:
| At 31 March | At 31 December | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2025 | |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 (Unaudited) | |
| Financial assets | ||||
| At amortised cost | 221,301 | 25 | 26 | 317 |
| At fair value through profit and loss | - | - | 5,293 | - |
| Financial liabilities | ||||
| At amortised cost | 232,745 | 11,747 | 53 | 147 |
(ii) Financial risk management and fair values
Exposure to credit, liquidity and interest rate risks arises in the normal course of the Target Company D's business. The Target Company D's exposure to these risks and the financial risk management policies and practices used by the Target Company D to manage these risks are described below.
(a) Credit risk
The Target Company D has limited credit risk with its money deposited in financial institutions, which are leading and reputable and are assessed as having low credit risk. The Target Company D has not suffered any significant losses arising from the non-performance by these parties in the past and management does not expect this position to change in the future.
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(b) Liquidity risk
The Target Company D's policy is to regularly monitor its liquidity requirements, including rental deposits received, other payables and accruals, and bank and other borrowings, to ensure that it maintains adequate committed funding from other companies to meet its liquidity requirements in the short and longer term.
The Target Company D's financial liabilities at the end of the reporting period are all within one year or on demand and the contractual amounts of the financial liabilities are all equal to their carrying amounts.
(c) Interest rate risk
The Target Company D is mainly exposed to cash flow interest rate risk in relation to variable-rate bank deposits which is mainly relating to the fluctuation of Hong Kong Prime Rate. The management of the Target Company D monitors the related interest rate risk exposure closely to minimise these interest rate risks.
The directors of the Target Company D consider that the exposure to cash flow interest rate risk on bank deposits are insignificant.
(d) Fair values measurement
(i) Financial assets measured at fair value
During the years ended 31 March 2023, 2024, 2025 and for the period from 1 April 2025 to 31 December 2025, there were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2. Transfers in and out of Level 3 measurements are set out in the following table, which represents the changes of financial instruments in Level 3 for the year ended 31 March 2025 and for the period from 1 April 2025 to 31 December 2025.
| Unlisted trading securities | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year ended 31.3.2023 HK$’000 | Year ended 31.3.2024 HK$’000 | Year ended 31.3.2025 HK$’000 | 1.4.2025 to 31.12.2025 HK$’000 | |
| Opening balance | - | - | - | 5,293 |
| Additions | - | - | 10,968 | - |
| Change in fair value of financial assets at FVTPL | - | - | (5,675) | - |
| Transfers (Note) | - | - | - | (5,293) |
| Closing balance | - | - | 5,293 | - |
Note: During the period from 1 April 2025 to 31 December 2025 and year ended 31 March 2025, transfers from Level 3 to Level 1 were mainly due to the successful Initial Public Offering of the investee.
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Valuation processes inputs and relationships to fair value (Level 3)
An independent valuation was performed by the valuer, Ascent Partners Valuation Service Limited, to determine the fair value of the Target Company D as at 31 March 2025. The staff of Ascent Partners Valuation Service Limited, includes Fellow Members from the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors who are experienced in the valuation unlisted securities.
The management of the Target Company D reviewed the valuations performed by the independent valuer for the financial reporting purposes, and held discussion with the independent valuer on the valuation assumptions and valuation results.
As the unlisted securities are not traded in an active market, the fair value has been determined using applicable valuation techniques including enterprise Value-to-Revenue method. This valuation method approaches require significant judgments, assumptions and inputs, including Forward Revenue for the year ended 2025 which is referenced from the forecast in the listing prospectus submitted by the Target Company D and the Forward Enterprise Value-to-Revenue multiples ("Forward EV/S") of the guideline public companies.
The quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements of investments in unlisted companies comprises:-
| | Fair value as at 31 March 2025
HK$'000 | Significant unobservable inputs | Range of inputs at 31 March | Relationship of unobservable inputs to fair value |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Investments in unlisted companies at FVTPL | 5,293 | Forecasted revenue for the year ended 31 March 2025 | USD443,900,000 | Commonly employed for companies that have yet to generate stable earnings or revenue but have high revenue growth expectation |
| | | Forward Price-to-Sales ratio | 1.32 to 9.17 | |
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(ii) Financial assets measured at fair value
The carrying amount of the Target Company D's financial instruments carried at other than fair value are not materially different from their fair values as at 31 March 2023, 31 March 2024, 31 March 2025 and 31 December 2025.
(e) Equity price risk
The Target Company D is exposed to equity price risk through its investments in equity securities measured at FVTPL. The management manages this exposure by maintaining a portfolio of investments with different risks. For equity securities measured at FVTPL, the Target Company D's equity price risk is mainly concentrated on equity instruments which are included in the Hang Seng Index.
19 NOTE TO THE STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Change in liabilities arising from financial activities
| Amounts due to shareholders HK$’000 | Bank borrowings HK$’000 | Other borrowing HK$’000 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| As at 1 April 2022 | – | 61,368 | 169,854 |
| Cash flows | – | (3,021) | 4,243 |
| As at 31 March 2023 and 1 April 2023 | – | 58,347 | 174,097 |
| Cash flows | – | (58,347) | (162,676) |
| As at 31 March 2024 and 1 April 2024 | – | – | 11,421 |
| Cash flows | 11,722 | – | (11,421) |
| Non cash flows | |||
| – purchase of equity investment at FVTPL | 10,968 | – | – |
| – waiver of amount | (22,690) | – | – |
| (Unaudited) | |||
| As at 31 March 2025, 1 April 2025 and 31 December 2025 | – | – | – |
20 MATERIAL RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Apart from the transactions/balances disclosed elsewhere in the Historical Financial Information, the Target Company D did not enter into any other material related party transactions during the Relevant Periods.
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21 POSSIBLE IMPACT OF AMENDMENTS, NEW STANDARDS AND INTERPRETATIONS ISSUED BUT NOT YET EFFECTIVE FOR THE RELEVANT PERIODS
Up to the date of issue of the Historical Financial Information, the HKICPA has issued a number of new or amended standards, which are not yet effective for the Relevant Periods and which have not been adopted in the Historical Financial Information.
| Effective for accounting periods beginning on or after |
|---|
| Amendments to HKFRS 9 and HKFRS 7, Financial instruments: disclosures – Amendments to the classification and measurement of financial instruments |
| Amendments to HKFRS 9 and HKFRS 7, Contracts Referencing Nature-dependent Electricity |
| Annual improvements to HKFRSs – Volume 11 |
| HKFRS 18, Presentation and disclosure in financial statements |
| HKFRS 19, Subsidiaries without public accountability: disclosures |
| Amendments to HKFRS 10 and HKAS 28, Sale or contribution of assets between an investor and its associate or joint venture |
| Amendments to HKAS 21, Translation to a Hyperinflationary presentation currency |
The Target Company D is in the process of making an assessment of what the impact of these developments is expected to be in the period of initial application. So far it has concluded that the adoption of them is unlikely to have a significant impact on the Historical Financial Information.
22 SUBSEQUENT FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
No audited financial statements of the Target Company D have been prepared in respect of any period subsequent to 31 December 2025.
APPENDIX E – ADDITIONAL DISCLOSURES FOR MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF THE TARGET COMPANIES
TARGET COMPANY A
For the year ended 31 December 2023
The principal activity of Target Company A is investment and trading of securities.
Liquidity and financial resources
Net Assets
As at 31 December 2023, Target Company A recorded total assets of approximately HK$14,163,000 which were financed by liabilities of approximately HK$142,059,000 and a net liability of approximately HK$127,896,000. The net liability value as at 31 December 2023 was HK$127,896,000.
Liquidity
The Target Company A had total cash and bank balances of approximately HK$45,000 as at 31 December 2023. The current ratio was 0.1 and the gearing ratio was nil.
Charges on assets
At 31 December 2023, none of the assets of the Target Company A was pledged.
Treasury policies
Target Company A generally finances its operations with internally generated resources, shareholders, directors and related companies. There is no borrowing from bank or finance institution.
Foreign exchange exposure
Target Company A mainly earns revenue and incurs costs in HK$. Foreign exchange risk is remote.
Capital structure
As at the year end date, the paid-up capital amounted to HK$10,000 was used as general working capital for the Target Company A.
Employee and remuneration policies
As at 31 December 2023, the Target Company A did not employ any employees.
E-1
Significant Investments
As at 31 December 2023, the Target Company A held equity investments at fair value through profit or loss with carrying amount of approximately HK$14,118,000. The Directors consider that equity investments with a market value that account for more than 5% of the Target Company A's net assets at the year end date as significant investments. The details of the equity investments as at 31 December 2023 is set out as follows:
| Stock Code | Name of the investees | Percentage of shareholding in investments held by the Target Company A as at 31 December 2023 | Percentage of the investments to total assets of the Target Company A as at 31 December 2023 | Cost of investment as at 31 December 2023 | Fair value of investments as at 31 December 2023 | Carrying amount of investments as at 31 December 2023 | Fair value gains/(losses) of investments as at 31 December 2023 | Realised gains/(losses) for the year ended 31 December 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equity investments at fair value through profit or loss | ||||||||
| 0498 | Blue River Holdings Limited | 4.52% | 99.68% | 12,234 | 14,118 | 12,234 | 1,884 | - |
| Others | 0.00% | 0.00% | - | - | - | - | (24,749) | |
| Total | 12,234 | 14,118 | 12,234 | 1,884 | (24,749) |
Performance and prospects of the investee
Blue River Holdings Limited ("Blue River")
Blue River Holdings Limited together with its subsidiaries (the "Blue River Group") are principally engaged in development and operation of ports, infrastructure, gas distribution and logistics facilities in the People's Republic of China, as well as property investment, securities trading and investment, and provision of financing related services.
As mentioned in its annual report for the year ended 31 March 2023, the Blue River Group recorded a total revenue of approximately HK$77.1 million for the year ended 31 March 2023. The Blue River Group has reported loss for the year of approximately HK$605.4 million attributable to owners of Blue River. The basic and diluted losses per share were both HK$5.4 cents. As at 31 March 2023, the audited consolidated net asset of Blue River Group was approximately HK$1,343.6 million. Blue River Group had not declared a final dividend for the year ended 31 March 2023.
As at 31 December 2023, the Target Company A held 47,060,000 shares of Blue River. Blue River closed at the market price of HK$0.3 per share as at 31 December 2023.
The management had a neutral stance on the future prospect of such investment(s) held by the Target Company A. The investment strategy for the significant investment(s) would be realization of such investment(s) at appropriate market price with reference to the then market conditions.
The Target Company A did not have material acquisitions and disposals of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures in the course of the financial year.
E-2
There was no change in the industry segment of the Target Company A during the financial year. The management was of the view that there was no material development within the segment, and there were no material changes in the market conditions which would materially impact on the Target Company A's performance. The performance of the Target Company A would be primarily affected by the change in fair value of investments held by the Target Company A.
There was no plan for material investments or capital assets in the coming financial year.
For the year ended 31 December 2024
Significant Investments
As at 31 December 2024, the Target Company A held equity investments at fair value through profit or loss with carrying amount of approximately HK$45,761,000. The Directors consider that equity investments with a market value that account for more than 5% of the Target Company A's net assets at the year end date as significant investments. The details of the equity investments as at 31 December 2024 is set out as follows:
| Percentage of shareholding in investments held by the Target Company A as at 31 December | Percentage of the investments to total assets of the Target Company A as at 31 December | Cost of investment as at 31 December | Fair value of investments as at 31 December | Carrying amount of investments as at 31 December | Fair value gains/(losses) of investments as at 31 December | Realised gains/(losses) for the year ended 31 December | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name of the investee | 2024 | 2024 | 2024 | 2024 | 2024 | 2024 | 2024 |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | |||
| Equity investments at fair value through profit or loss | |||||||
| Global IBO Group Limited | 0.8% | 99.98% | 108,500 | 45,761 | 108,500 | (62,739) | - |
Performance and prospects of the investee
Global IBO Group Limited
Global IBO Group Limited is a company incorporated in Cayman Islands, it carried out its business primarily through its wholly-owned subsidiary in Hong Kong, which is principally engaged in AI generated content (“AIGC”) creation and consumption, through unique and integrated AIGC animation streaming platform with extensive functionalities provided to both viewers and creators that create, publish and share AI generated animation video content. Global IBO Group Limited was a private company and there was no dividend received in respect of the shares of Global IBO Group Limited held by Target Company A during the financial year. In respect of performance, the Target Company A recorded unrealized fair value losses of approximately HK$62,739,000 in respect of the shares of Global IBO Group Limited held by it during that financial year ended 31 December 2024. During that financial year, a de-SPAC transaction involving business combination of Global IBO Group Limited was conducting. As at 31 December 2024, the Target Company A held 4,000,000 shares of Global IBO Group Limited.
E-3
The management had a neutral stance on the future prospect of such investment(s) held by the Target Company A. The investment strategy for the significant investment(s) would be realization of such investment(s) at appropriate market price with reference to the then market conditions.
The Target Company A did not have material acquisitions and disposals of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures in the course of the financial year.
There was no change in the industry segment of the Target Company A during the financial year.
The management was of the view that there was no material development within the segment, and there were no material changes in the market conditions which would materially impact on the Target Company A's performance. The performance of the Target Company A would be primarily affected by the change in fair value of investments held by the Target Company A.
There was no plan for material investments or capital assets in the coming financial year.
For the year ended 31 December 2025
Significant Investments
As at 31 December 2025, the Target Company A did not have any significant investments.
The Target Company A did not have material acquisitions and disposals of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures in the course of the financial year.
There was no change in the industry segment of the Target Company A during the financial year. The management was of the view that there was no material development within the segment, and there were no material changes in the market conditions which would materially impact on the Target Company A's performance. The performance of the Target Company A would be primarily affected by the waive of other borrowing during the financial year.
There was no plan for material investments or capital assets in the coming financial year.
TARGET COMPANY B
For the year ended 31 December 2023
Target Company B does not have any business activities.
Liquidity and financial resources
Net Assets
As at 31 December 2023, Target Company B recorded total assets of approximately HK$37,000 which were financed by liabilities of approximately HK$93,000 and a net liability of approximately HK$56,000. The net liability value as at 31 December 2023 was HK$56,000.
E-4
E-5
Liquidity
The Target Company B had total cash and bank balances of approximately HK$27,000 as at 31 December 2023. The current ratio was 0.4 and the gearing ratio was nil.
Charges on assets
At 31 December 2023, none of the assets of the Target Company B was pledged.
Treasury policies
Target Company B generally finances its operations with internally generated resources, shareholders, directors and related companies. There is no borrowing from bank or finance institution.
Foreign exchange exposure
Target Company B mainly earns revenue and incurs costs in HK$. Foreign exchange risk is remote.
Capital structure
As at the year end date, the paid-up capital amounted to HK$10,000 was used as general working capital for the Target Company B.
Employee and remuneration policies
As at 31 December 2023, the Target Company B did not employ any employees.
Significant Investments
As at 31 December 2023, the Target Company B did not have any significant investments.
The Target Company B did not have material acquisitions and disposals of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures in the course of the financial year.
There was no change in the industry segment of the Target Company B during the financial year. The management was of the view that there was no material development within the segment, and there were no material changes in the market conditions which would materially impact on the Target Company B's performance. The Target Company B had no revenue during the financial year.
There was no plan for material investments or capital assets in the coming financial year.
For the year ended 31 December 2024
Significant Investments
As at 31 December 2024, the Target Company B held equity investments at fair value through profit or loss with carrying amount of approximately HK$171,606,000. The Directors consider that equity investments with a market value that account for more than 5% of the Target Company B's net assets at the year end date as significant investments. The details of the equity investments as at 31 December 2024 is set out as follows:
| Percentage of shareholding in investments held by the Target Company B as at 31 December 2024 | Percentage of the investments to total assets of the Target Company B as at 31 December 2024 | Cost of investment as at 31 December 2024 | Fair value of investments as at 31 December 2024 | Carrying amount of investments as at 31 December 2024 | Fair value gains/(losses) of investments as at 31 December 2024 | Realised gains/(losses) for the year ended 31 December 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name of the investee | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | ||
| Equity investments at fair value through profit or loss | |||||||
| Global IBO Group Limited | 3.00% | 71.62% | 203,899 | 171,606 | 203,899 | (32,293) | - |
Performance and prospects of the investee
Global IBO Group Limited
Global IBO Group Limited is a company incorporated in Cayman Islands, it carried out its business primarily through its wholly-owned subsidiary in Hong Kong, which is principally engaged in AI generated content ("AIGC") creation and consumption, through unique and integrated AIGC animation streaming platform with extensive functionalities provided to both viewers and creators that create, publish and share AI generated animation video content. Global IBO Group Limited was a private company and there was no dividend received in respect of the shares of Global IBO Group Limited held by Target Company B during the financial year. In respect of performance, the Target Company B record unrealized fair value losses of approximately HK$32,293,000 the shares of Global IBO Group Limited held by it during that financial year ended 31 December 2024. During that financial year, a de-SPAC transaction involving business combination of Global IBO Group Limited was conducting. As at 31 December 2024, the Target Company B held 15,000,000 shares of Global IBO Group Limited.
The management had a neutral stance on the future prospect of such investment(s) held by the Target Company B. The investment strategy for the significant investment(s) would be realization of such investment(s) at appropriate market price with reference to the then market conditions.
The Target Company B did not have material acquisitions and disposals of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures in the course of the financial year.
E-6
There was no change in the industry segment of the Target Company B during the financial year. The management was of the view that there was no material development within the segment, and there were no material changes in the market conditions which would materially impact on the Target Company B's performance. The performance of the Target Company B would be primarily affected by the change in fair value of investments held by the Target Company B.
There was no plan for material investments or capital assets in the coming financial year.
For the year ended 31 December 2025
Significant Investments
As at 31 December 2025, the Target Company B did not have any significant investments.
The Target Company B did not have material acquisitions and disposals of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures in the course of the financial year.
There was no change in the industry segment of the Target Company B during the financial year. The management was of the view that there was no material development within the segment, and there were no material changes in the market conditions which would materially impact on the Target Company B's performance. The performance of the Target Company B would be primarily affected by the losses on disposal of equity investment of FVTPL during the financial year.
There was no plan for material investments or capital assets in the coming financial year.
TARGET COMPANY C
For the year ended 31 March 2023
The principal activity of Target Company C is investment in listed securities.
Liquidity and financial resources
Net Assets
As at 31 March 2023, Target Company C recorded total assets of approximately HK$16,129,000 which were financed by liabilities of approximately HK$55,995,000 and a net liability of approximately HK$39,866,000. The net liability value as at 31 March 2023 was HK$39,866,000.
Liquidity
The Target Company C had total cash and bank balances of approximately HK$29,000 as at 31 March 2023. The current ratio was 0.3 and the gearing ratio was nil.
Charges on assets
At 31 March 2023, none of the assets of the Target Company C was pledged.
E-7
E-8
Treasury policies
Target Company C generally finances its operations with internally generated resources, shareholders, directors and related companies. There is no borrowing from bank or finance institution.
Foreign exchange exposure
Target Company C mainly earns revenue and incurs costs in HK$. Foreign exchange risk is remote.
Capital structure
As at the year end date, the paid-up capital amounted to HK$4 was used as general working capital for the Target Company C.
Employee and remuneration polices
As at 31 March 2023, the Target Company C did not employ any employees.
Significant Investments
As at 31 March 2023, the Target Company C held equity investments at fair value through profit or loss with carrying amount of approximately HK$16,100,000. The Directors consider that equity investments with a market value that account for more than 5% of the Target Company C's net assets at the year end date as significant investments. The details of the equity investments as at 31 March 2023 is set out as follows:
| Percentage of shareholding in investments held by the Target Company C as at 31 March | Percentage of the investments to total assets of the Target Company C as at 31 March | Cost of investment as at 31 March | Fair value of investments as at 31 March | Carrying amount of investments as at 31 March | Fair value gains/(losses) of investments as at 31 March | Realised gains/(losses) for the year ended 31 March | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stock Code | Name of the investee | 2023 | 2023 | 2023 HK$'000 | 2023 HK$'000 | 2023 HK$'000 | 2023 HK$'000 | 2023 HK$'000 |
| Equity investments at fair value through profit or loss | ||||||||
| 0139 | Central Wealth Group Holdings Limited | 1.64% | 99.82% | 22,582 | 16,100 | 22,582 | (6,482) | (455) |
Performance and prospects of the investee
Central Wealth Group Holdings Limited (“Central Wealth”)
Central Wealth Group Holdings Limited together with its subsidiaries (the “Central Wealth Group”) are principally engaged in securities and future dealing business, trading of debts and equity investment and money lending business.
As mentioned in its annual report for the year ended 31 December 2022, the Central Wealth Group recorded a total revenue of approximately HK$277.8 million for the year ended 31 December 2022. The Central Wealth Group has reported loss for the year of approximately HK$107.4 million attributable to owners of Central Wealth. The basic and diluted losses per share were both HK$0.67 cents. As at 31 December 2022, the audited consolidated net asset of Central Wealth Group was approximately HK$1,105.1 million. Central Wealth Group had not declared a final dividend for the year ended 31 December 2022.
As at 31 March 2023, the Target Company C held 268,338,000 shares of Central Wealth. Central Wealth closed at the market price of HK$0.06 per share as at 31 March 2023.
The management had a neutral stance on the future prospect of such investment(s) held by the Target Company C. The investment strategy for the significant investment(s) would be realization of such investment(s) at appropriate market price with reference to the then market conditions.
The Target Company C did not have material acquisitions and disposals of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures in the course of the financial year.
There was no change in the industry segment of the Target Company C during the financial year. The management was of the view that there was no material development within the segment, and there were no material changes in the market conditions which would materially impact on the Target Company C’s performance. The performance of the Target Company C would be primarily affected by the change in fair value of investments held by the Target Company C.
There was no plan for material investments or capital assets in the coming financial year.
E-9
For the year ended 31 March 2024
Significant Investments
As at 31 March 2024, the Target Company C held equity investments at fair value through profit or loss with carrying amount of approximately HK$4,925,000. The Directors consider that equity investments with a market value that account for more than 5% of the Target Company C's net assets at the year end date as significant investments. The details of the equity investments as at 31 March 2024 is set out as follows:
| Percentage of shareholding in investments held by the Target Company C as at 31 March | Percentage of the investments to total assets of the Target Company C as at 31 March | Cost of investment as at 31 March | Fair value of investments as at 31 March | Carrying amount of investments as at 31 March | Fair value gains/(losses) of investments as at 31 March | Realised gains/(losses) for the year ended 31 March | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stock Code | Name of the investee | 2024 | 2024 | 2024 | 2024 | 2024 | 2024 | 2024 |
| HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | HK$'000 | ||||
| Equity investments at fair value through profit or loss | ||||||||
| 0139 | Central Wealth Group Holdings Limited | 1.27% | 88.75% | 12,847 | 4,925 | 14,601 | (9,676) | (4,982) |
Performance and prospects of the investee
Central Wealth Group Holdings Limited ("Central Wealth")
Central Wealth Group Holdings Limited together with its subsidiaries (the "Central Wealth Group") are principally engaged in securities and future dealing business, trading of debts and equity investment and money lending business.
As mentioned in its annual report for the year ended 31 December 2023, the Central Wealth Group recorded a total revenue of approximately HK$90.2 million for the year ended 31 December 2023. The Central Wealth Group has reported loss for the year of approximately HK$132.9 million attributable to the owners of Central Wealth. The basic and diluted losses per share were both HK0.8 cents. As at 31 December 2023, the audited consolidated net asset of Central Wealth Group was approximately HK$776.7 million. Central Wealth Group had not declared a final dividend for the year ended 31 December 2023.
As at 31 March 2024, the Target Company C held 214,116,000 shares of Central Wealth. Central Wealth closed at the market price of HK$0.023 per share as at 31 March 2024.
The management had a neutral stance on the future prospect of such investment(s) held by the Target Company C. The investment strategy for the significant investment(s) would be realization of such investment(s) at appropriate market price with reference to the then market conditions.
The Target Company C did not have material acquisitions and disposals of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures in the course of the financial year.
E-10
There was no change in the industry segment of the Target Company C during the financial year. The management was of the view that there was no material development within the segment, and there were no material changes in the market conditions which would materially impact on the Target Company C's performance. The performance of the Target Company C would be primarily affected by the change in fair value of investments held by the Target Company C.
There was no plan for material investments or capital assets in the coming financial year.
For the year ended 31 March 2025
Significant Investments
As at 31 March 2025, the Target Company C held equity investments at fair value through profit or loss with carrying amount of approximately HK$7,991,000. The Directors consider that equity investments with a market value that account for more than 5% of the Target Company C's net assets at the year end date as significant investments. The details of the equity investments as at 31 March 2025 is set out as follows:
| Percentage of shareholding in investments held by the Target Company C as at 31 March | Percentage of the investments to total assets of the Target Company C as at 31 March | Cost of investment as at 31 March | Fair value of investments as at 31 March | Carrying amount of investments as at 31 March | Fair value gains/(losses) of investments as at 31 March | Realised gains/(losses) for the year ended 31 March | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stock code | Name of the investees | 2025 | 2025 | 2025 HK$'000 | 2025 HK$'000 | 2025 HK$'000 | 2025 HK$'000 | 2025 HK$'000 |
| Equity investments at fair value through profit or loss | ||||||||
| Global IBO Group Limited | 0.16% | 62.20% | 15,844 | 7,646 | 15,844 | (8,198) | - | |
| 0572 | Future World Holdings Limited | 0.29% | 2.8% | 410 | 345 | 410 | (65) | (784) |
| Total | 16,254 | 7,991 | 16,254 | (8,263) | (784) |
E-12
Performance and prospects of the investee
Global IBO Group Limited
Global IBO Group Limited is a company incorporated in Cayman Islands, it carried out its business primarily through its wholly-owned subsidiary in Hong Kong, which is principally engaged in AI generated content (“AIGC”) creation and consumption, through unique and integrated AIGC animation streaming platform with extensive functionalities provided to both viewers and creators that create, publish and share AI generated animation video content. Global IBO Group Limited was a private company and there was no dividend received in respect of the shares of Global IBO Group Limited held by Target Company C during the financial year. In respect of performance, the Target Company C record unrealized fair value losses of approximately HK$8,198,000 the shares of Global IBO Group Limited held by it during that financial year ended 31 March 2025. During that financial year, a de-SPAC transaction involving business combination of Global IBO Group Limited was conducting. As at 31 March 2025, the Target Company C held 812,500 shares of Global IBO Group Limited.
The management had a neutral stance on the future prospect of such investment(s) held by the Target Company C. The investment strategy for the significant investment(s) would be realization of such investment(s) at appropriate market price with reference to the then market conditions.
The Target Company C did not have material acquisitions and disposals of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures in the course of the financial year.
There was no change in the industry segment of the Target Company C during the financial year. The management was of the view that there was no material development within the segment, and there were no material changes in the market conditions which would materially impact on the Target Company C’s performance. The performance of the Target Company C would be primarily affected by the change in fair value of investments held by the Target Company C.
There was no plan for material investments or capital assets in the coming financial year.
For the nine months period ended 31 December 2025
The principal activity of Target Company C is investment in listed securities.
Liquidity and financial resources
Net Assets
As at 31 December 2025, Target Company C recorded total assets of approximately HK$2,289,000 which were financed by liabilities of approximately HK$22,355,000 and a net liability of approximately HK$20,066,000. The net liability value as at 31 December 2025 was HK$20,066,000.
Liquidity
The Target Company C had total cash and bank balances of approximately HK$26,000 as at 31 December 2025. The current ratio was 0.1 and the gearing ratio was nil.
E-13
Charges on assets
At 31 December 2025, none of the assets of the Target Company C was pledged.
Treasury policies
Target Company C generally finances its operations with internally generated resources, shareholders, directors and related companies. There is no borrowing from bank or finance institution.
Foreign exchange exposure
Target Company C mainly earns revenue and incurs costs in HK$. Foreign exchange risk is remote.
Capital structure
As at the year end date, the paid-up capital amounted to HK$53,359,000 was used as general working capital for the Target Company C.
Employee and remuneration policies
As at 31 December 2025, the Target Company C did not employ any employees.
Significant Investments
As at 31 December 2025, the Target Company C held equity investments at fair value through profit or loss with carrying amount of approximately HK$2,050,000. The Directors consider that equity investments with a market value that account for more than 5% of the Target Company C's net assets at the period end date as significant investments. The details of the equity investments as at 31 December 2025 is set out as follows:
| Percentage of shareholding in investments held by the Target Company C as at 31 December | Percentage of the investments to total assets of the Target Company C as at 31 December | Cost of investment as at 31 December | Fair value of investments as at 31 December | Carrying amount of investments as at 31 December | Fair value gains/(losses) of investments as at 31 December | Realised gains/(losses) for the period ended 31 December | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stock Code | Name of the investee | 2025 | 2025 | 2025 HK$'000 | 2025 HK$'000 | 2025 HK$'000 | 2025 HK$'000 | 2025 HK$'000 |
| Equity investments at fair value through profit or loss | ||||||||
| GIBO | GIBO Holdings Limited | 0.4% | 96.38% | 21,870 | 2,050 | 15,203 | (13,153) | (8,235) |
E-14
Performance and prospects of the investee
GIBO Holdings Limited
GIBO Holdings Limited together with its subsidiaries (the “GIBO Group”) are principally engaged in AI generated content (“AIGC”) creation and consumption, through unique and integrated AIGC animation streaming platform with extensive functionalities provided to both viewers and creators that create, publish and share AI generated animation video content.
As mentioned in its interim report for the period ended 30 June 2025, the GIBO Group did not recorded any revenue for the period ended 30 June 2025. The GIBO Group has reported a net loss for the period of approximately US$56.7 million. As at 30 June 2025, the audited consolidated net asset of the GIBO Group was approximately US$25 million. Being listed on NASDAQ on 9 May 2025, GIBO had redefined content creation through its AI powered tools, including voice synthesis, image generation, script writing, storyboard design, and audio-video synchronization. As at 31 December 2025, the Target Company C held 128,496 shares of GIBO Holdings Limited. GIBO Holdings Limited closed at the market price of US$2.045 per share as at 31 December 2025. The management had a neutral stance on the future prospect of such investment(s) held by the Target Company C. The investment strategy for the significant investment(s) would be realization of such investment(s) at appropriate market price with reference to the then market conditions.
The Target Company C did not have material acquisitions and disposals of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures in the course of the financial year.
There was no change in the industry segment of the Target Company C during the financial year. The management was of the view that there was no material development within the segment, and there were no material changes in the market conditions which would materially impact on the Target Company C’s performance. The performance of the Target Company C would be primarily affected by the change in fair value of investments held by the Target Company C.
There was no plan for material investments or capital assets in the coming financial year.
TARGET COMPANY D
For the year ended 31 March 2023
The principal activity of Target Company D is loan investment.
Liquidity and financial resources
Net Assets
As at 31 March 2023, Target Company D recorded total assets of approximately HK$221,301,000 which were financed by liabilities of approximately HK$232,745,000 and a net liability of approximately HK$11,444,000. The net liability value as at 31 March 2023 was HK$11,444,000.
E-15
Liquidity
The Target Company D had total cash and bank balances of approximately HK$1,000 as at 31 March 2023. The current ratio was 1.0 and the gearing ratio was nil.
Charges on assets
At 31 March 2023, none of the assets of the Target Company D was pledged.
Treasury policies
Target Company D generally finances its operations with internally generated resources, shareholders, directors and related companies. There is no borrowing from bank or finance institution.
Foreign exchange exposure
Target Company D mainly earns revenue and incurs costs in HK$. Foreign exchange risk is remote.
Capital structure
As at the year end date, the paid-up capital amounted to HK$2 was used as general working capital for the Target Company D.
Employee and remuneration policies
As at 31 March 2023, the Target Company D did not employ any employees.
Significant Investments
As at 31 March 2023, the Target Company D did not have any significant investments.
The Target Company D did not have material acquisitions and disposals of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures in the course of the financial year.
There was no change in the industry segment of the Target Company D during the financial year. The management was of the view that there was no material development within the segment, and there were no material changes in the market conditions which would materially impact on the Target Company D's performance. The performance of the Target Company D would be primarily affected by its rental income during that financial year.
There was no plan for material investments or capital assets in the coming financial year.
For the year ended 31 March 2024
Significant Investments
As at 31 March 2024, the Target Company D did not have any significant investments.
The Target Company D did not have material acquisitions and disposals of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures in the course of the financial year.
There was no change in the industry segment of the Target Company D during the financial year. The management was of the view that there was no material development within the segment, and there were no material changes in the market conditions which would materially impact on the Target Company D's performance.
There was no plan for material investments or capital assets in the coming financial year.
For the year ended 31 March 2025
Significant Investments
As at 31 March 2025, the Target Company D held equity investments at fair value through profit or loss with carrying amount of approximately HK$5,293,000. The Directors consider that equity investments with a market value that account for more than 5% of the Target Company D's net assets at the year end date as significant investments. The details of the equity investments as at 31 March 2025 is set out as follows:
| Percentage of shareholding in investments held by the Target Company D as at 31 March | Percentage of the investments to total assets of the Target Company D as at 31 March | Cost of investment as at 31 March | Fair value of investments as at 31 March | Carrying amount of investments as at 31 March | Fair value gains/(losses) of investments as at 31 March | Realised gains/(losses) for the year ended 31 March | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name of the investee | 2025 | 2025 | 2025 HK$'000 | 2025 HK$'000 | 2025 HK$'000 | 2025 HK$'000 | 2025 HK$'000 |
| Equity investments at fair value through profit or loss | |||||||
| Global IBO Group Limited | 0.11% | 99.51% | 10,968 | 5,293 | 10,968 | (5,675) | - |
Performance and prospects of the investee
Global IBO Group Limited
Global IBO Group Limited is a company incorporated in Cayman Islands, it carried out its business primarily through its wholly-owned subsidiary in Hong Kong, which is principally engaged in AI generated content ("AIGC") creation and consumption, through unique and integrated AIGC animation streaming platform with extensive functionalities provided to both viewers and creators that create, publish and share AI generated animation video content. Global IBO Group Limited was a private company and there was no dividend received in respect of the shares of Global IBO Group Limited held by Target Company D during the financial year. In respect of performance, the Target Company D record unrealized fair value losses of approximately HK$5,675,000 the shares of Global IBO Group Limited held by it during that financial year ended 31 March 2025. During that financial year, a de-SPAC transaction involving business combination of Global IBO Group Limited was conducting. As at 31 March 2025, the Target Company D held 562,500 shares of Global IBO Group Limited.
E-16
The management had a neutral stance on the future prospect of such investment(s) held by the Target Company D. The investment strategy for the significant investment(s) would be realization of such investment(s) at appropriate market price with reference to the then market conditions.
The Target Company D did not have material acquisitions and disposals of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures in the course of the financial year.
There was no change in the industry segment of the Target Company D during the financial year. The management was of the view that there was no material development within the segment, and there were no material changes in the market conditions which would materially impact on the Target Company D's performance. The performance of the Target Company D would be primarily affected by the change in fair value of investments held by the Target Company D.
There was no plan for material investments or capital assets in the coming financial year.
For the nine months period ended 31 December 2025
Target Company D does not have any business activities.
Liquidity and financial resources
Net Assets
As at 31 December 2025, Target Company D recorded total assets of approximately HK$317,000 which were financed by liabilities of approximately HK$147,000 and a net asset of approximately HK$170,000. The net asset value as at 31 December 2025 was HK$170,000.
Liquidity
The Target Company D had total cash and bank balances of approximately HK$108,000 as at 31 December 2025. The current ratio was 2.2 and the gearing ratio was nil.
Charges on assets
At 31 December 2025, none of the assets of the Target Company D was pledged.
Treasury policies
Target Company D generally finances its operations with internally generated resources, shareholders, directors and related companies. There is no borrowing from bank or finance institution.
Foreign exchange exposure
Target Company D mainly earns revenue and incurs costs in HK$. Foreign exchange risk is remote.
E-17
E-18
Capital structure
As at the period end date, the paid-up capital amounted to HK$22,690,000 was used as general working capital for the Target Company D.
Employee and remuneration policies
As at 31 December 2025, the Target Company D did not employ any employees.
Significant Investments
As at 31 December 2025, the Target Company D did not have any significant investments.
The Target Company D did not have material acquisitions and disposals of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures in the course of the financial year.
There was no change in the industry segment of the Target Company D during the financial year. The management was of the view that there was no material development within the segment, and there were no material changes in the market conditions which would materially impact on the Target Company D’s performance. The Target Company D recorded no revenue from the financial period.
There was no plan for material investments or capital assets in the coming financial year.