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Silver Bear Resources Plc — Proxy Solicitation & Information Statement 2025
Dec 5, 2025
47458_rns_2025-12-05_284667c5-34b9-46e8-96d7-b1038e59e4cc.pdf
Proxy Solicitation & Information Statement
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SILVER BEAR
RESOURCES Plc
Notice of Annual General and Special Meeting of Shareholders
to be held on Thursday, 30 December 2025
and
Management Information Circular
of
SILVER BEAR RESOURCES PLC
27 November 2025
If you have any questions about the information contained in this document or require assistance submitting your vote, please contact your professional advisor.
SILVER BEAR
RESOURCES Plc
SILVER BEAR RESOURCES PLC
NOTICE OF ANNUAL GENERAL AND SPECIAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
You are invited to our 2025 annual general and special meeting (the "Meeting") of shareholders of Silver Bear Resources Plc (the "Corporation" or the "Company") to be held at the following time and place:
When: Tuesday, 30 December 2025 at 8:00 a.m. (Toronto time) / 4:00 p.m. (Moscow time)
Where: The Corporation's Russian office, located at Business Centre Trekhprudny, Trekhprudny per 9, Bld. 2, office 315-4 123001 Moscow, Russia
The purpose of the Meeting is to consider and, if thought fit, approve the following resolutions and approvals, which will be proposed as ordinary resolutions in respect of resolutions 1 to 7 and as a special resolution in respect of resolution 8, as indicated below:
Ordinary Resolutions
1 Financial Statements
To receive and adopt the audited financial statements of the Corporation for the fiscal year ended 31 December 2024, together with the Directors' report and the independent report of the auditors thereon.
2 Appointment of Auditors
To re-appoint Unicon JSC of Moscow, Russia, as auditor of the Corporation to hold office from the conclusion of the Meeting to the conclusion of the next annual general meeting at which accounts are to be laid before the Corporation.
3 Auditors' Remuneration
To authorise the Directors to agree the auditors' remuneration.
4 Election of Directors
- To re-elect Vadim Ilchuk as Director;
- To re-elect Alexey Sotskov as Director; and
- To elect Nikolay Grigoriev as Director.
7 Authority to Allot Shares
THAT the Directors be generally and unconditionally authorized in accordance with section 551 of the Companies Act 2006 (United Kingdom) (the "Companies Act") to allot shares of the Corporation or grant rights to subscribe for or to convert any security into shares of the Corporation up to an aggregate nominal amount of £0 (being NIL ordinary shares) under the Corporation's Security Based Compensation Plans (collectively the "Relevant Securities") provided that this authority shall expire fifteen months from the passing of the resolution or, if earlier, the conclusion of the next annual general meeting of the Corporation but, in each case, so that the Corporation may, before such expiry, make an offer or agreement which would or might require shares to be allotted or rights to subscribe for or convert securities into shares to be granted after such expiry and the Directors may allot shares or grant rights to subscribe for or convert securities into shares pursuant to such an offer or agreement as if this authority had not expired.
The resolution revokes and replaces all unexercised authorities previously granted to the Directors to issue Relevant Securities but without prejudice to any issuance of shares or grant of rights already made, offered or agreed to be made pursuant to such authorities.
For purposes of this notice of the Meeting and the enclosed management information circular (the "Circular"), "Security Based Compensation Plans" means the Corporation's existing stock option plan (the "Stock Option Plan"), share bonus plan and non-executive director subscription plan (the "Subscription Plan").
Special Resolution
8 Disapplication of Pre-emption Rights
THAT subject to and conditional on the passing of resolutions number 8, the Directors be generally empowered pursuant to section 570 of the Companies Act to allot equity securities (as such term is defined in section 560(1) of the Companies Act) for cash pursuant to the authority referred to in resolution numbers 7 above and/or pursuant to section 573 of the Companies Act to sell the shares of the Corporation held by the Corporation as treasury shares for cash, in each case, free of the restriction in section 561 of the Companies Act, such power to be limited to the allotment of equity securities pursuant to the Security Based Compensation Plans (as defined in resolution number 8) and/or sale of treasury shares for cash, in each case, up to a nominal amount of £0 (being NIL Ordinary Shares), such power granted under this resolution to apply until fifteen months after the passing of this resolution, or, if earlier, the conclusion of the Corporation's next annual general meeting but, in each case, so that Corporation may make offers and enter into agreements before the power expires which would, or might, require equity securities to be allotted or rights to subscribe for or to convert any security into shares of the Corporation to be granted (or treasury shares to be sold) after the power expires and the Directors may allot equity securities or grant such rights (or sell treasury shares) under any such offer or agreement as if the power conferred had not yet expired.
This special resolution revokes and replaces all unexercised powers previously granted to the Directors to issue equity securities or sell treasury shares but without prejudice to any issue of equity securities or sale of treasury shares already made or agreed to be made pursuant to such authorities.
The directors of the Corporation have fixed the close of business on Friday, 25 November 2025 as the record date (the "Record Date") being the date for the determination of the registered holders entitled to receive notice of the Meeting and any adjournments(s) or postponement(s) thereof. The directors of the Corporation have fixed 8:00 a.m. (Toronto time) / 4:00 p.m. (Moscow time) on Monday, 29 December 2025 or 24 hours (excluding Saturdays, Sundays or public holidays) before any adjournments(s) or postponement(s) of the Meeting, as the time by which proxies to be acted upon at the Meeting shall be deposited with the Corporation's transfer agent. This notice (the "Notice") is accompanied by a form of proxy, form of instruction and the Circular. If you are a registered shareholder, you may appoint a proxy to exercise all or any of your rights to attend, speak and vote at a general meeting of the Corporation if you are unable to attend the Meeting. Please review the "Notes to the Notice of the Annual General Meeting" below and please review the enclosed Circular and date, sign and return the enclosed form of proxy to the Corporation's transfer agent by 8:00 a.m. (Toronto time) / 4:00 p.m. (Moscow time) on Monday, 29 December 2025. If you are a holder of depository interests you are requested to complete, sign and return your form of instruction instructing Computershare Investor Services Limited ("Computershare") and return the enclosed form of instruction to Computershare by 8:00 a.m. (Toronto time) / 4:00 p.m. (Moscow time) on Monday, 29 December 2025 or 24 hours before any adjourned meeting, please follow the instructions contained in page 1 of the Circular. Please note that the Corporation is not using the notice-and-access mechanism under National Instrument 54-101 – Communication with Beneficial Owners of Securities of a Reporting Issuer and National Instrument 51-102 – Continuous Disclosure Obligations for distributing materials for the Meeting to registered and beneficial shareholders.
Changes to the Meeting date and/or means of holding the Meeting may be announced by way of press release. Please monitor our press releases as well as our website at www.silverbearresources.com for updated information. We advise you to check our website one week prior to the Meeting date for the most current information. We do not intend to prepare or mail an amended Circular in the event of changes to the Meeting format, unless it is required by law.
DATED at Moscow, Russia as of the 27th day of November 2025.
BY ORDER OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
(Signed) Vadim Ilchuk
President and Chief Executive Officer
Silver Bear Resources Plc (Registered office: The Pavilions, Bridgwater Road, Bristol, BS99 6AY)
Notes to the Notice of Meeting
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Only shareholders of the Corporation are entitled to attend and vote at the Meeting. A shareholder of the Corporation entitled to attend and vote is entitled to appoint a proxy or proxies to attend, speak and vote instead of him/her. A shareholder of the Corporation may appoint more than one proxy provided that each proxy is appointed to exercise the rights attached to a different share or shares held by him. A proxy need not be a shareholder of the Corporation.
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A form of proxy for holders of ordinary shares without par value in the capital of the Corporation ("Shares") for use at the Meeting accompanies this document and, to be valid, must be completed and returned, together with any power of attorney or other authority under which it is signed, to Computershare Investor Services Limited, The Pavilions, Bridgwater Road, Bristol, BS99 6AY. In either case the form of proxy must be returned as soon as possible but in any event to be received not later than 8:00 a.m. (Toronto time) / 4:00 p.m. (Moscow time) on Monday, 29 December 2025 or 24 hours before any adjourned meeting.
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A form of instruction for holders of depository interests for use at the Meeting accompanies this document and, to be valid, must be completed and returned to Computershare as soon as possible but in any event to be received not later than 8:00 a.m. (Toronto time) / 4:00 p.m. (Moscow time) on Monday, 29 December 2025 or 24 hours before any adjourned meeting.
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Completing a form of proxy does not prevent a shareholder from attending and voting in person if so entitled. A vote withheld option is provided on the form of proxy to enable you to instruct your proxy to abstain on any particular resolution. However, it should be noted that a "Vote Withheld" is not a vote in law and will not be counted in the calculation of the proportion of the votes "For" and "Against" a resolution.
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A shareholder must inform the Corporation's registrars in writing of any termination of the authority of a proxy.
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In the case of joint holders of Shares, the signature of only one of the joint holders is required on the form of proxy but the vote of the first named on the register of members will be accepted to the exclusion of the other joint holders.
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Any person to whom this notice is sent who is a person nominated under section 146 of the Companies Act to enjoy information rights (a "Nominated Person") may, under an agreement between him/her and the Shareholder by whom he/she was nominated, have a right to be appointed (or to have someone else appointed) as a proxy for the Meeting. If a Nominated Person has no such proxy appointment right or does not wish to exercise it, he/she may, under any such agreement, have a right to give instructions to the Shareholder as to the exercise of voting rights. The statements of the rights of Shareholders in relation to the appointment of proxies in this notice do not apply to a Nominated Person. The rights of Shareholders in relation to the appointment of proxies can only be exercised by registered Shareholders. Nominated Persons are reminded that they should contact the registered holder of their Shares (and not the Corporation) on matters relating to their investments in the Corporation.
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To be entitled to attend and vote at the Meeting (for the purpose of the determination by the Corporation of the votes they may cast), a shareholder of the Corporation must be entered in the register of shareholders of the Corporation at 8:00 a.m. (Toronto time) / 4:00pm p.m. (Moscow time) on Monday, 29 December 2025 or 24 hours before any adjourned meeting.
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During the Meeting there will be an opportunity for shareholders, proxies or corporate representatives to ask questions relevant to the business of the Meeting.
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The following documents, which are available for inspection during normal business hours at the registered office of the Corporation on any weekday (Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays excluded), will also be available for inspection at the place of the Meeting from 7:30 a.m. (Toronto time) / 3:30 p.m. (Moscow Time) on the day of the Meeting until the conclusion of the Meeting:
a. copies of the letter of appointment (and other related documents) of the non-executive directors of the Corporation; and
b. the Articles of Association of the Corporation.
Any corporation which is a shareholder can appoint one or more corporate representatives who may exercise on its behalf all of its powers as a shareholder provided that they do not do so in relation to the same Shares.
- You may not use any electronic address provided either in this notice or in any related documents (including the form of proxy) to communicate with the Corporation for any purposes other than those expressly stated.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABOUT THE SHAREHOLDER MEETING ... 1
Solicitation of Proxies ... 1
Voting ... 1
Interests of Informed Persons in Material Transactions ... 3
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING BUSINESS ... 5
Financial Statements ... 5
Appointment of Auditors ... 5
Auditor's Remuneration ... 5
Election of Directors ... 5
Authority to Allot Shares ... 8
Disapplication of Pre-Emption Rights ... 9
STATEMENT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRACTICES ... 9
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION ... 15
INDEBTEDNESS OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS ... 25
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND CONTACT INFORMATION ... 25
SCHEDULE "A" – CHARTER OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS ... 1
ABOUT THE SHAREHOLDER MEETING
In this Management Information Circular (the "Circular"), references to the "Corporation", "Company", "Silver Bear", "we" and "our" refer to Silver Bear Resources Plc, and "Shares" or "Ordinary Shares" refers to ordinary shares of £0.001 each in the capital of the Corporation. Unless otherwise stated, the information contained in this Circular is as of the Record Date. All dollar amount references in this Circular, unless otherwise indicated, are expressed in Canadian dollars. United States dollars are referred to as "United States dollars" or "US$".
Solicitation of Proxies
You have received this Circular because you are entered in the Corporation's register of members in respect of your shares ("Ordinary Shares") of Silver Bear Resources Plc as of the close of business on 25 November 2025 (the "Record Date"). If you are entered into the Corporation's register of members as holding Ordinary Shares on 8:00 a.m. (Toronto time) / 4:00 p.m. (Moscow time) on Monday, 29 December 2025 you are entitled to attend and vote at the 2025 annual general and special meeting (the "Meeting") of shareholders of the Corporation ("Shareholders") to be held at 8:00 a.m. (Toronto time) / 4:00 p.m. (Moscow time) on Tuesday, 30 December 2025 at the Corporation's Moscow Office.
The contents and the sending of this Circular have been approved by the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the "Board").
If you are a registered Shareholder, the Board is soliciting your proxy for the Meeting. It is expected the solicitation will occur primarily by mail, however, proxies may be solicited by other means by management, employee and outside agencies. All costs of solicitation by management will be borne by the Corporation. The Board has fixed 8:00 a.m. (Toronto time) / 4:00 p.m. (Moscow time) on Monday, 29 December 2025, or 24 hours (excluding Saturdays, Sundays or holidays) before any adjournment(s) or postponement(s) of the Meeting, as the time by which proxies to be acted upon at the Meeting shall be deposited with the Corporation's transfer agent.
These materials are being sent to both registered and non-registered Shareholders. The Corporation or its agent has obtained information regarding non-registered Shareholders in accordance with the applicable Canadian securities regulatory requirements from the intermediary holding your Ordinary Shares on your behalf. By choosing to send these materials to you directly, the Corporation (and not the intermediary holding Ordinary Shares on your behalf) has assumed responsibility for: (i) delivering these materials to you, and (ii) executing your proper voting instructions. Please return your voting instructions as specified in the request for voting instructions.
The Corporation shall make a list of all persons who are registered Shareholders on the Record Date and the number of Ordinary Shares registered in the name of each person on that date. Each Shareholder is entitled to one vote on each matter to be acted on at the Meeting for each Ordinary Share registered in his name as it appears on the list. However, certain votes of certain Shareholders on certain matters may be excluded based on Toronto Stock Exchange ("TSX") requirements and requirements under applicable Canadian securities laws, all as further disclosed in this Circular.
While as of the date of this Circular the Corporation intends to hold the Meeting in physical face to face format. All shareholders are strongly encouraged to vote prior to the Meeting by any of the means described above.
Your participation at the Meeting is important to your Board. The Meeting is usually a good opportunity for shareholders to communicate directly with us, to express their views and to ask questions and we welcome your involvement. In accordance with the Corporation's articles of association, the Board may put in place security arrangements necessary to comply with current requirements and shareholders, their proxies and corporate representatives who seek admission to the Meeting may be denied entry where necessary to comply with local requirements. Accordingly, shareholders wishing to vote on any of the resolutions-, are urged to do so by appointing a proxy (who should be the Chair of the Meeting) to vote on your behalf. Changes to the Meeting date and/or means of holding the Meeting may be announced by way of press release. Please monitor our press releases as well as our website at www.silverbearresources.com for updated information. We advise you to check our website one week prior to the Meeting date for the most current information. We do not intend to prepare or mail an amended Circular in the event of changes to the Meeting format unless required by law.
Voting
Appointment and Revocation of Proxies
You may appoint some person or entity to represent you at the Meeting, other than the Chair of the Meeting, by inserting such person's name in the blank space provided in that form of proxy or by completing another proper form of proxy and, in either case, depositing the completed proxy at the office of the transfer agent of the Corporation indicated on the enclosed envelope not later than the times set out above.
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In addition to revocation in any other manner permitted by law, a Shareholder may revoke a proxy given pursuant to this solicitation by depositing an instrument in writing (including another proxy bearing a later date) executed by the Shareholder or by an attorney authorized in writing at The Pavilions, Bridgwater Road, Bristol, BS99 6AY, the Corporation's UK registered office, at any time up to and including the last business day preceding the day of the Meeting.
Voting of Proxies
Registered Shareholders
You can vote in person or vote by proxy. Voting by proxy is the easiest way to vote because you can appoint anyone to be your proxyholder to attend the Meeting and vote your Ordinary Shares according to your instructions. This person does not need to be a Shareholder. The Chair of the Meeting can act as your proxyholder and will vote your Ordinary Shares according to your instructions.
IN THE ABSENCE OF ANY DIRECTION IN THE FORM OF PROXY, IT IS INTENDED THAT IF THE CHAIR OF THE MEETING IS SELECTED, THAT SUCH ORDINARY SHARES WILL BE VOTED IN FAVOR OF THE MOTIONS PROPOSED TO BE MADE AT THE MEETING.
If you want to appoint someone else as your proxyholder, print that person's name in the blank space provided in the proxy form (or complete another proxy form) and send the form to the Corporation's transfer agent. Make sure this person is aware that you appointed them as your proxyholder and that they must attend the Meeting (where permitted) to vote on your behalf in accordance with your instructions. If you do not indicate your voting instructions, your proxyholder can vote your Ordinary Shares as he or she sees fit.
At the time of printing this Circular, management is not aware of any amendments, variations or other matters to come before the Meeting. If any amendments, variations or other matters are properly brought before the Meeting, your proxyholder can vote your Ordinary Shares as he or she sees fit.
The transfer agent (Computershare Investor Services Limited) must receive the completed proxy form by 8:00 a.m. (Toronto time) / 4:00 p.m. (Moscow time) on Monday, 29 December 2025, or 24 hours (excluding Saturdays, Sundays or holidays) before any adjournment(s) or postponement(s) of the Meeting.
Non-Registered Shareholders
Non-registered Shareholders (each, a "Non-Registered Holder") are those holders who beneficially own Ordinary Shares registered in the name of an intermediary or depository with whom the Non-Registered Holder deals in respect of the Ordinary Shares, such as, banks, trust companies, securities dealers (each, an "Intermediary") or in the name of a clearing agency such as CDS Clearing and Depository Services Inc. Canadian securities laws require the Corporation to send the Meeting materials to the Intermediaries and clearing agencies so they can distribute them to the Non-Registered Holders. These materials include, in the case of this Meeting, the notice of the Meeting, this Circular, a proxy or voting instruction form and a consent form to receive supplemental mailings.
Intermediaries and clearing agencies must forward the Meeting materials to Non-Registered Holders unless the Non-Registered Holder has waived the right to receive them or has otherwise objected. If you are a Non-Registered Holder and have not waived the right to receive the materials in connection with the Meeting or otherwise objected, your package includes either a form of instruction (not signed by your Intermediary), or a proxy form (signed by your Intermediary).
Either form instructs your intermediary (the registered Shareholder) to vote your Ordinary Shares according to your instructions. To be valid, the form of instruction must be completed and returned to Computershare Investor Services Limited, at the address indicated on the proxy, as soon as possible but in any event to be received not later than 8:00 a.m. (Toronto time) / 4:00 p.m. (Moscow time) on Monday, 29 December 2025 or 24 hours before any adjourned meeting.
Voting Securities and Principal Holders
The Corporation's share capital consists of 678,329,611 Ordinary Shares and 50,000 redeemable preference shares. As of the Record Date, the Corporation had 678,329,611 Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding and 50,000 redeemable preference shares issued and outstanding. To the knowledge of the directors and officers of the Corporation, as at the Record Date, no person beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, or exercises control or direction over securities carrying more than 10% of the voting rights attached to the Ordinary Shares as at the date hereof, other than as set below.
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| Name | Ordinary Shares owned or controlled | % of Outstanding Ordinary Shares |
|---|---|---|
| Inflection Management Corporation Limited ("Inflection") | 419,833,120 | 61.9% |
| A.B. Aterra Resources Ltd. ("Aterra") | 166,611,092 | 24.6% |
Interests of Informed Persons in Material Transactions
Since 01 January 2021, no informed person (as such term is defined under applicable securities laws) of the Corporation (and each of their associates or affiliates) has any direct or indirect material interest in any transaction involving the Corporation or in any proposed transaction which has materially affected or would materially affect the Corporation or its subsidiaries, except the following:
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On 04 February 2021, the Corporation's wholly-owned subsidiary, Joint Stock Company Prognoz, entered into a loan agreement (the "SKA Loan Agreement") with SKA Asset Management Limited ("SKA"), a company under common control with Inflection, in the amount of RUB 750,000,000 (equivalent to approximately C$12,000,000 based on a foreign exchange rate of 0.0171) with an interest rate of 8.27% per annum due and payable on 31 December 2021 (the "SKA Loan").
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On 20 January 2022, the Corporation announced that effective 01 January 2022, it has amended the SKA Loan Agreement by extending the maturity date of the SKA Loan from 31 December 2021 to 31 December 2022 and increasing the interest rate of the SKA Loan from 8.27% per annum to 10.27% per annum effective from 01 January 2022 ("SKA Loan Amendment"). All other provisions of the SKA Loan Agreement remained unchanged.
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Subject to the approval of the TSX and disinterested shareholders of the Corporation, the Corporation proposes to further amend a facilities agreement dated 5 September 2016 (as amended and restated on 28 December 2016, on 27 March 2017, on 30 June 2017, on 07 November 2017, on 18 September 2018, on 24 December 2018, on 24 December 2019, on 26 May 2020, on 09 October 2020 and on 31 December 2020) (the "2022 Facilities Agreement Amendment") between the Corporation and Joint Stock Company Prognoz as borrowers, and Inflection Management Corporation Limited ("Inflection") and Unifirm Limited ("Unifirm") as lenders for the purposes of:
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extending the maturity date of a previously drawn USD $20,000,000 term loan facility tranche ("Tranche F") from 01 January 2023 to 31 December 2027
- extending the maturity date of a previously drawn USD $8,000,000 term loan facility tranche ("Tranche G") from 01 January 2023 to 31 December 2027
- extending the maturity date of a previously drawn USD $2,000,000 term loan facility tranche ("Tranche H") from 01 January 2023 to 31 December 2027
- extending the maturity date of a previously drawn USD $2,000,000 term loan facility tranche ("Tranche I") from 01 January 2023 to 31 December 2027; and
- extending the maturity date of the facilities drawn under the Facilities Agreement, other than Tranche F, Tranche G, Tranche H and Tranche I from 20 March 2023 to 31 December 2028.
On 28 February 2023, the Company provided an update on previously announced amendments to the Facilities Agreement between the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, Prognoz and the lenders Inflection and Aterra. Both lenders, Inflection and Aterra, are also major shareholders of the Company.
Due to the adoption in late 2022, of the EU 9th Sanctions Package, which include a prohibition against new investment and new financing of companies in the Russian mining sector the Company's lenders Inflection and Aterra, both companies incorporated in the European Union, have determined that they are each unable to enter into the Facilities Agreement Amendments.
The lenders have determined that the EU 9th Sanctions Package prohibits the FA Amendments specifically: (i) the extension of the maturity dates for Tranches F, G, H and I that became due 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2027; and (ii) other Tranches that became due 20 March 2023 to 31 December 2028. The total amount of overdue loans is principal in amount of $184.60 mln and accrued interest in amount of $39,30 mln. The FA Amendments were approved by the shareholders of the Company at the Company's Annual General and Special Meeting of shareholders on 05 October 2022
Despite the support of the Company's lenders the recently imposed EU 9th Sanctions Package have impacted its ability to complete construction of the flotation facility and initiate the underground mining at its Vertikalny Mine. After careful
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consideration of the Company's current mining operations, cash position, scheduled debt payments, forecast revenue and expenses, the Company's Board of Directors has determined that management in the short-term will undertake the following initiatives, namely:
a) Seek a Russian bank or financial institution capable of refinancing the current shareholder debt facility and providing the additional financing required to complete construction of the new flotation facility and allow for the underground mining at Vertikalny; and/or
b) Seek a prospective joint-partner or financier or buyer for the Vertikalny Mine and the Mangazeisky Project assets.
Management believes that its lenders will work with it (subject to compliance with all applicable sanctions) while it seeks a solution.
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ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING BUSINESS
ORDINARY RESOLUTIONS
Financial Statements
Resolution 1 – the Shareholders are given the opportunity to receive and adopt the audited financial statements of the Corporation for the financial year ended 31 December 2024, together with the independent auditor's report thereon, copies of which are accessible under the Corporation's profile at www.sedar.com.
The Board recommends that Shareholders vote FOR the receipt and adoption of the audited financial statements of the Corporation for the financial year ended 31 December 2024, together with the independent auditor's report thereon.
Appointment of Auditors
Resolution 2 – at the Meeting, Shareholders will be asked to consider authorising the re-appointment of Unicon JSC of Moscow, Russia, the current auditors of the Corporation (first appointed as auditors of the Corporation on 05 September 2022), as auditors of the Corporation from the conclusion of the Meeting to the conclusion of the next annual general meeting at which accounts are to be laid before the Corporation.
The following table sets out the audit and audit-related fees billed by the Corporation's auditors for the two years ended 31 December 2023 and 2024.
| Type of Work | Year Ended 31 December 2024 | Year Ended 31 December 2023 |
|---|---|---|
| Audit (1) | RUB 7,200,000 | RUB 6,560,000 |
| Total | RUB 7,200,000 | RUB 6,560,000 |
(1) Aggregate fees billed for Silver Bear's annual financial statements and services normally provided by the auditor in connection with Corporation's statutory and regulatory filings.
For additional information about the Corporation's auditors and the Audit Committee, see "About the Board – Committees of the Board – Audit Committee".
The Board recommends that Shareholders vote FOR the re-appointment of Unicon JSC as auditors of the Corporation for the ensuing year.
Auditor's Remuneration
Resolution 3 – authorises the Directors to set the remuneration of Unicon JSC.
The Board recommends that Shareholders vote FOR Directors' authorisation to set the remuneration of Unicon JSC.
Election of Directors
The Articles of Association of the Corporation (the "Articles of Association") require all directors to retire from office at each annual general meeting. To meet this requirement all current directors will retire at the Meeting. Mr. Ilchuk, Mr. Sotskov and Mr. Grigoriev, all of the current directors of the Corporation, have confirmed that they wish to stand for re-election as directors, to hold office until the conclusion of the next annual general meeting of the Corporation (the "Nominees"). At the Meeting, Shareholders will be asked to vote on Resolutions 4 to 6 to authorise the re-election of each of these Nominees as directors of the Corporation.
As the Corporation has adopted a majority voting policy (the "Major Voting Policy"), the process for voting for election of each director will be by individual voting and not by slate. Each Shareholder can vote for or withhold from voting on the election of
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each director on an individual basis. See "Corporate Governance Practices" for more information on the Majority Voting Policy, including circumstances when a Nominee would be required to tender his resignation.
Director Profiles
Each of the three (3) nominated directors are profiled below, including his or her background and experience, committee memberships, share ownership and other public company directorships. All of the Nominees are current directors of the Corporation.
| Nikolay Grigoriev – Director | Occupation, Business or Employment of Director Nominees |
|---|---|
| Moscow, Russian Federation | Mr. Grigoriev, a retired mining engineer has over 30 years of mining geological experience. Between 1973 to 1994, his career spanned from geologist to Chief Geologist through to Deputy General Director of the geological survey expedition in the Magadan Region of Far East Russia. He has discovered a number of gold and silver deposits in the Magadan region that are currently under development. From 1994 to 2004, Mr. Grigoriev served as Deputy Director-Chief Geologist Omsukchan Gold Mining Company. From 2004 through 2021, he served as Deputy General Director, Kupol and General Director, Dvoinoy, Kinross's Russian subsidiaries. Mr. Grigoriev graduated from Irkutsk state University, Russia in 1973 as geological engineer. |
| Age: 73 | |
| Director Since: 01 June 2022 | |
| Independent: Yes | |
| 2024 AGM Vote Results: | Other Public Company Directorships: |
| For: 100% | None |
| Withheld: 0% | 2024 Board / Committee Memberships and Attendance: |
| Board – 5 of 5 (100%) | |
| Corporate Governance, Environmental and Compensation Committee ("Joint Committee") – Nil | |
| Audit Committee – 4 of 4 (100%) | |
| Ordinary Shares / Options (as at 27 November 2025): | |
| Shares – Nil | |
| Stock Options – Nil | |
| Vadim Ilchuk – President and CEO^{1} | Occupation, Business or Employment of Director Nominees |
| --- | --- |
| Moscow, Russian Federation | Mr. Ilchuk is the President, Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and director of Silver Bear. Mr. Ilchuk has 19 years of experience in the mining industry and natural resource investment business. He has extensive background in mine finance and accounting, financial reporting, and cross-border M&A process and integration, as well as takeover rules and corporate governance. Mr. Ilchuk joined Silver Bear from RT-Business Development, Inc. where he held the position of Chief Financial Officer. He also served for a number of years in various managerial roles at Kinross Gold Corporation in both the United States and Russia. Mr. Ilchuk holds an Honours degree in Management Economics from the Northeastern State University, Russia and a Finance degree from the University of Alaska, USA. Mr. Ilchuk is currently based out of Moscow to directly oversee the Corporation's operations in the Russian Federation. |
| Age: 55 | |
| Director Since: 14 November 2018 | |
| Independent: No | |
| 2024 AGM Vote Results: | Other Public Company Directorships: |
| For: 100% | None |
| Withheld: 0% | 2024 Board/Committee Memberships and Attendance^{1}: |
| Board – 5 of 5 (100%)^{(2)} | |
| Audit Committee – 4 of 4 (100%)^{(3)} | |
| Ordinary Shares and Options (as at 27 November 2025): | |
| Shares – 250,000 | |
| Options – Nil |
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Note: 1 Appointed President, CEO and director on 14 November 2018; 2 Appointed Board Chair March 30 March 2022. 3 Appointed interim Audit Chair on November 13, 2023.
| Alexey Sotskov - Director^{1} | Occupation, Business or Employment of Director Nominees |
|---|---|
| Moscow, Russian Federation | Mr. Sotskov has more than 15 years of project management experience in the technology and business process optimization sectors. Currently, he is the nominee of Inflection. Previously, he was the Project Portfolio Manager of Technonicol, a large Russian manufacturer and distributor of construction materials. Prior to joining Technonicol, Mr. Sotskov led certain business optimization and ERP implementation programs for TNK-BP, a major vertically integrated Russian oil company headquartered in Moscow and for Kinross Gold. Mr. Sotskov holds a Master's Degree in Science and Applied Mathematics from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. Mr. Sotskov was appointed Deputy CEO of the Corporation on 23 July 2018. |
| Age: 54 | |
| Director Since: 18 August 2014 | |
| Independent: No | |
| 2024 AGM Vote Results: | Other Public Company Directorships: |
| For: 100% | None |
| Withheld: 0% | 2024 Board/Committee Memberships and Attendance: |
| Board – 5 of 5 (100%) | |
| Audit Committee – 4 of 4 (100%) | |
| Ordinary Shares and Options (as at 27 November 2025): | |
| Shares – 1,482,226 | |
| Options – Nil |
Note: 1 Mr. Sotskov is a nominee of Inflection. Inflection beneficially owns 419,833,120 Ordinary Shares.
The Board recommends that Shareholders vote FOR the re-election of each of the Nominees as Directors of the Corporation to hold office for the ensuing year or until their earlier resignation or removal.
Orders, Penalties and Bankruptcies
| Area | Director |
|---|---|
| Cease Trade Orders (“CTO”) – has any Director within the last ten (10) years, as of the date of this Circular, been a director, CEO, or CFO of any company that was subject to a cease trade order or an order that denied the company access to any exemption under securities law that was issued while the person acted in the capacity or an event that occurred while the person acted in the capacity as a director, CEO or CFO. | On 01 April 2022, the Ontario Securities Commission (“OSC”) issued a cease trade order (“CTO”) as a result of the Company inability to filing its year end 2021, namely the Financial Statements, Management’s Discussion and analysis and Annual Information Form (“2021 Annual Filings”) by the filing deadline of 31 March 2022 due to the ongoing Sanctions against Russia. As such all Directors are directors of a company that is subject to a cease trade order. As of the Date of this AIF, the Company has resumed the Audit and is anticipating filing its Annual Filings in the near future. |
| On 25 May 2022, the Company announced the resumption of the 2021 Annual Filings and Completed and filed the 2021 Annual Filings on the date of this AIF. Subsequently on 08 July 2022 the Company filed its 2021 Annual Filings on SEDAR. | |
| On 28 July 2022, the Company filed its first quarter report of the three-month period ended 31 March 2022. The Company at that time announced that they would be moving forward with a application to the OSC for the revocation |
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| of the CTO. As of the date of the Circular the OSC have yet to lift the CTO. | |
|---|---|
| Bankruptcy – has any Director within the last ten (10) years, as of the date of this Circular: | |
| (a) been a Director or Officer of any company (including the Company) that, while such individual was acting in that capacity, or within a year of that person ceasing to act in that capacity, became bankrupt, made a proposal under any legislation relating to bankruptcy or insolvency or was subject to or instituted any proceedings, arrangement or compromise with creditors or had a receiver, receiver manager or trustee appointed to hold its assets; or | |
| (b) become bankrupt, made a proposal under any legislation relating to bankruptcy or insolvency, or become subject to or instituted any proceedings, arrangement or compromise with creditors, or had a receiver, receiver manager or trustee appointed to hold the assets of such individual. | None |
| Penalties and Sanctions – has any Director or been subject, as of the date of this Circular had: | |
| (a) any penalties or sanctions imposed by a court relating to securities legislation or by a securities regulatory authority or has entered into a settlement agreement with a securities regulatory authority; or | |
| (b) any other penalties or sanctions imposed by a court or regulatory body that would likely be considered important to a reasonable investor in making an investment decision. | None |
Personal Bankruptcy
No director, executive officer, or shareholder holding a sufficient number of securities of Silver Bear to affect materially the control of Silver Bear, nor any personal holding company of any such person, has, during the ten years prior to the date hereof, become bankrupt, made a proposal under any legislation relating to bankruptcy or insolvency, or has been subject to or instituted any proceedings, arrangement or compromise with creditors, or had a receiver, receiver manager or trustee appointed to hold his or her assets.
Authority to Allot Shares
Resolution 7 – deals with the Directors' authority to issue Relevant Securities (as defined in the Notice) in accordance with the Articles of Association. The current authority to issue Shares expires at the Meeting and the Directors are seeking renewal of the current authority given to them.
This resolution will, if passed, authorise the Directors to issue up to an aggregate nominal amount of £0 (being NIL Ordinary Shares) under the Corporation's Security Based Compensation Plans (as defined in the Notice).
The authority granted by this resolution will expire fifteen months after the passing of the resolution or, if earlier, the date of the next annual general meeting of the Corporation.
The Directors intend to utilise this authority and to issue rights to acquire shares under the Corporation's Security Based Compensation Plans in the next 12 months in such numbers and on such terms as may be approved by the Board from time to time.
The Board recommends that Shareholders vote FOR resolution #7.
SPECIAL RESOLUTIONS
Disapplication of Pre-Emption Rights
Resolution 8 – deals with Directors' authority to issue equity securities for cash without first offering them to existing Shareholders in proportion to their existing holdings. The current authority to disapply the pre-emptive expires at the Meeting and the Directors are seeking renewal of the current authority given to them.
This resolution will, if passed, give the Directors power, to issue equity securities (as defined by section 560 of the Companies Act) for cash either pursuant to the authority conferred by resolution 7 or, by way of a sale, sell treasury shares (if any) without first offering them to existing Shareholders in proportion to their existing holdings, provided that this power will be limited to the issue of equity securities up to an aggregate nominal amount of £0 (being NIL Ordinary Shares) under the Corporation's Security Based Compensation Plans.
The power granted by this resolution will expire fifteen months after the passing of the resolution or, if earlier, the date of the next annual general meeting of the Corporation.
The Directors intend to utilise this authority to issue rights to acquire shares under the Corporation's Security Based Compensation Plans in the next 12 months in such numbers and on such terms as may be approved by the Board from time to time.
The Board recommends that Shareholders vote FOR resolution #8.
Other Matters
Management of the Corporation knows of no amendment, variation or other matter to come before the Meeting other than the matters referred to in the Notice. However, if any other matter properly comes before the Meeting, the form of proxy furnished by the Corporation will be voted on such matters in accordance with the best judgment of the persons voting the proxy.
STATEMENT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRACTICES
The Corporation and the Board recognize the importance of corporate governance in effectively managing the Corporation, protecting employees and Shareholders, and enhancing shareholder value.
The Board fulfills its mandate directly and through its committees at regularly scheduled meetings or as required. The directors are kept informed regarding the Corporation's operations at regular meetings and through monthly reports and discussions with management on matters within their particular areas of expertise. Frequency of meetings may be increased and the nature of the agenda items may be changed depending upon the state of the Corporation's affairs and in light of opportunities or risks that the Corporation faces.
The Corporation believes that its corporate governance practices are in compliance with applicable Canadian requirements and as it is only listed on the TSX, it is not required to comply with UK corporate governance requirements. The Corporation is committed to monitoring governance developments to ensure its practices remain current and appropriate.
Ethical Business Conduct
The Board is apprised of the activities of the Corporation and ensures that it conducts such activities in an ethical manner. The Board encourages and promotes an overall culture of ethical business conduct by promoting compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations; providing guidance to consultants, officers and directors to help them recognize and deal with ethical issues; promoting a culture of open communication, honesty and accountability; and ensuring awareness of disciplinary actions for violations of ethical business conduct. In that regard, the Board has adopted the following measures and policies:
- Code of Business Conduct – the Board has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the "Code") for its directors, officers and employees. The Board, acting through the Audit Committee, has responsibility for monitoring compliance with the Code by ensuring all directors, officers and employees receive and become thoroughly familiar with the Code and acknowledge their support and understanding of the Code. Any non-compliance with the Code is to be reported to the appropriate person as prescribed by the Code. A copy of the Code may be accessed under the Corporation's profile at www.sedar.com, in addition a copy of the Code is also posted on the Corporation's website at www.silverbearresources.com.
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The Board takes steps to ensure that directors, officers and employees exercise independent judgment in considering transactions and agreements in respect of which a director, officer or employee of the Corporation has a material interest, which include ensuring that directors, officers and employees are thoroughly familiar with the Code and, in particular, the rules concerning reporting conflicts of interest and obtaining direction regarding any potential conflicts of interest. If any waivers from the Code are granted to directors or officers of the Corporation, the Board is required to disclose this in the ensuing quarterly or annual financial reporting. Activities which may give rise to conflicts of interest are prohibited unless specifically approved by the Board or the Audit Committee. Each director must disclose all actual or potential conflicts of interest to the Board or the Audit Committee and refrain from voting on all matters in which such director has a conflict of interest. In addition, if a conflict of interest arises, the director must excuse himself or herself from any discussion or decision on any matter in which the director is precluded from voting as a result of the conflict of interest.
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The Board has adopted an Insider Trading Policy which details when directors, officers and employees should not engage in trading of the Corporation's securities. A copy of the Corporation's Insider Trading Policy is available on the Corporation's website at www.silverbearresources.com.
-
The Board has adopted a Majority Voting Policy, as more fully described on page 14 of this Circular. The Majority Voting Policy stipulates that an individual director nominee will submit his or her resignation to the Chair of the Board for consideration by the Board promptly after an election of directors at a shareholder meeting if the votes "For" such individual director nominee represents less than the number of "Withheld" votes. A copy of the Corporation's Majority Voting Policy is available on the Corporation's website at www.silverbearresources.com.
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The Board has established an Anti-Bribery Policy in order to, among other things, encourage and promote a culture of ethical business conduct and practices. The Board encourages and promotes an overall culture of ethical business conduct by: (i) promoting compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations; (ii) providing guidance to directors, officers and employees to help them recognize and deal with ethical issues; (iii) promoting a culture of open communication, honesty and accountability; (iv) and ensuring awareness of disciplinary action for violations of ethical business conduct.
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The Board has adopted a Whistleblower Policy which allows its directors, officers, consultants and employees who feel that a violation of the Code has occurred, or who have concerns regarding financial statement disclosure issues, accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters, to report such violations or concerns on a confidential and anonymous basis. Reporting a violation of the Code is made by informing anonymously to the whistleblower hotline or URL or (if desired) directly to a member of the Audit Committee, who then investigates each matter so reported and takes corrective and disciplinary action, if appropriate. Reporting concerns regarding financial statement disclosure or other appropriate issues are to be forwarded in a confidentially to the Chairman of the Audit Committee who then investigates each matter reported and takes corrective and disciplinary action, if appropriate.
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The Board has adopted a Corporate Disclosure Policy to ensure that all communications originating from the Corporation provide current and potential Shareholders with important and meaningful information on a timely basis and to ensure that the Corporation avoids selective disclosure. A copy of the Corporation's Disclosure Policy can be found on the Corporation's website at www.silverbearresources.com.
-
The Board encourages management to consult legal and financial advisors to ensure the Corporation is meeting its corporate governance requirements and obligations on an as needed basis.
Director Tenure
The Board has not adopted a formal policy limiting the terms of the directors sitting on the Board. It is the Corporation's view that the inherent knowledge gained from experience is of enormous value for a company that is currently in early production stage. In addition, the Corporation operates in Russia, a jurisdiction where experience plays an even greater part in successful natural resource project development. As a result, the Corporation considers that directors are best permitted to remain with the Corporation so that the Corporation can continue to benefit from the knowledge gained by such directors during their directorships.
The following chart lists each of the Corporation's current directors and their approximate years of service on the Board of the Corporation. The Board believes the below data suggests an appropriate degree of turnover and renewal while maintaining board continuity and knowledge.
| Name of Director | Approximate Years |
|---|---|
| Nikolay Grigoriev | 3 |
| Vadim Ilchuk | 7 |
| Alexey Sotskov | 11 |
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Representation of Women in the Director Identification and Selection Process
The Board has not adopted a written policy regarding the representation, identification and nomination of women to the Board. Given the size and stage of development of the Corporation, the Board has not set any targets with regards to the representation of women on the Board. Despite the absence of a formal policy regarding the representation of women on the Board, the Corporation has had female representation on the Board in the past. At this time, there are no female Board members. The Board undertakes a thorough process for the identification and nomination of new directors to the Board. Director candidates are assessed on their individual qualifications, experience and expertise and the Governance, Environmental and Compensation Committee ("Joint Committee") also considers matters related to skills, integrity, professionalism, values and independent judgement, prior to recommending a new Board member. The emphasis on filling Board vacancies is on finding the best qualified candidates that reflect Silver Bear's specific needs and that will add value to the Corporation.
Representation of Women in Executive Officer Appointments
Despite the absence of a formal policy regarding representation of women in executive officer positions. Based on the Corporation's current stage of construction and development, the emphasis of filling executive officer positions is on finding the best qualified and experienced candidates that reflect the Corporations current needs.
Targets for Representation of Women on the Board and in Executive Officer Positions
At this time the Board has not set any targets with regards to the representation of women on the Board and in executive officer positions. The Board considers numerous factors in identifying Board candidates and executive officers, including gender, education, industry experience, and independence.
About the Board
Role of the Board, Chair and CEO
The primary responsibility of the Board is to supervise the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, providing governance and stewardship to the Corporation. In discharging its fiduciary duties, the Board members are expected to use their experience and expertise to guide management and to ensure that good governance practices are adhered to. The Board oversees the Corporation's systems of corporate governance and financial reporting controls to ensure that the Corporation reports adequate and reliable information to its Shareholders and engages in ethical and legal conduct.
In addition to possessing the requisite skills and experience to carry out their functions, Board members must demonstrate a track record of honesty and ethical behaviour, responsibility and commitment to representing the long-term interests of the Corporation's stakeholders. The Board members must also be able to devote the time required to complete their duties and responsibilities effectively.
The complete responsibilities of the Board members are detailed in the Corporation's Charter of the Board of Directors, set out in Schedule "A" to this Circular. The role of the Chair of the Board is delineated by the overall nature of the responsibilities of the Board detailed in the Charter of the Board of Directors, or in the committee charter (in the case of a Chair of a committee). The Board has not established specific written position descriptions for the Chair of the Board and for the Chair of its Audit and Joint Committees.
The Board developed a written position description for the CEO in 2008 for the Corporation's predecessor entity, which was reviewed and adapted by the Corporation in 2020. The CEO's primary role is to lead and manage the Corporation in an effective, efficient and forward-looking way and to fulfil the priorities, goals and objectives determined by the Board in the context of the Corporation's strategic plans, budgets and responsibilities with a view of increasing shareholder value. The CEO is the main spokesperson for the Corporation and works with and is accountable to, the Board with due regard to the Board's requirement to be informed with respect to the developments of the Corporation.
Independence of the Board
As of the date of this Circular, Board comprised of three (3) members, two (1) members of which are independent, within the meaning of National Instrument 58-101 ("NI 58-101").
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| Director | Independent | Not Independent | Reason for Non-Independence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nikolay Grigoriev | ✓ | ||
| Vadim Ilchuk^{1, 2} | ✓ | President and Chief Executive Officer and Chair | |
| Alexey Sotskov | ✓ | Deputy CEO of the Corporation |
Note: ¹ Mr. Ilchuk became Chair of the Board when Mr. Chris Westdal resigned on 28 February 2022. Mr. Ilchuk became interim Audit Chair on November 13, 2023 when Mr. Hunt resigned.
Mr. Grigoriev is independent within the meaning of NI 58-101. Mr. Ilchuk is not independent as he is the President and CEO of the Corporation and Mr. Sotskov is not independent as he is the Deputy CEO of the Corporation. The current Chair of the Board, Mr. Ilchuk is not independent, the Board, in accordance with the Board Mandate, has designated Mr. Grigoriev as the lead director of the Corporation.
To facilitate the functioning of the Board independently of management, the following structures and processes are in place:
- The Company will continue to work on adding a minimum of one or two new independent directors to the Board during 2026 at which time a majority of the directors will be independent;
- Members of management, including without limitation, the President and CEO and Deputy CEO of the Corporation, are not present for the discussion and determination of certain matters at meetings of the Board unless required;
- Under the Articles of Association for the Corporation, any director may call a meeting of the Board;
- The President and CEO and CFO's compensation is considered by the Board, in his absence, and by the Joint Committee at every several years;
- In addition to the standing committees of the Board, independent committees will be appointed from time to time, when appropriate; and
- The Board policy is to hold in-camera meetings with the independent directors at the end of each Board or committee of the Board meeting to the extent required.
Meetings of the Board and Committees of the Board in 2024
The Board meets a minimum of four times per year and more frequently, if deemed necessary. The Audit Committee of the Board meets a minimum of four times each year and more frequently, if deemed necessary. The Joint Committee of the Board meets if deemed necessary. The frequency of the meetings and the nature of the meeting agendas are dependent upon the nature of the business and affairs which the Corporation faces. During 2024, the Board met five (5) times, the Audit Committee met four (4) times, and the Joint Committee did not meet in 2024.
The following table shows the director attendance record for the year ended 31 December 2024 for the Corporation.
| Director | Board | Audit Committee | Joint Committee |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vadim Ilchuk^{1} | 5 of 5 (100%) | 4 of 4 (100)^{1} | - |
| Nikolay Grigoriev^{2} | 5 of 5 (100%) | 4 of 4 (100) | - |
| Alexey Sotskov | 5 of 5 (100%) | 4 of 4 (100) | - |
Note:
¹ Mr. Ilchuk joined the Audit Committee in October 2023 and became Interim Chair of the Audit Committee on November 13, 2023.
² Mr. Grigoriev joined the Board on June 1, 2022 and joined the Audit Committee in October 2023.
The Board Charter
The Board has a charter which mandates the Board with the stewardship of the Corporation. A copy of the Board charter is set forth in Schedule "A" to this Circular.
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Meetings of Independent Directors
During the year ended 31 December 2024, there was only one independent director, the Company continues to strive to add additional independent directors to the Board. For each Director's attendance at duly scheduled meetings of the Corporation for the year ended 31 December 2024, please see the section above under the heading "About the Board – Meeting of the Board and Committees of the Board in 2024".
Nomination of Directors
The Board has established the Joint Committee, which has assumed responsibility for the appointment and assessment of directors. While there are no specific criteria for Board membership, the Corporation aims to attract and retain directors with business knowledge and a particular knowledge of mineral exploration and development, operating in Russia, and other areas (such as finance), which provide knowledge that would assist in guiding the officers of the Corporation. As such, nominations would normally be the result of recruitment efforts, references, and discussions amongst the Joint Committee, prior to consideration by the Board as a whole.
Compensation
The Joint Committee reviews the adequacy and form of compensation of the senior executives and directors to ensure that such compensation reflects the responsibilities, time commitment and risks involved in being an effective executive officer or director, as applicable. See "Statement of Executive Compensation".
Board Assessments
The Board is committed to annual assessments of the effectiveness of the Board, the committees of the Board and the individual directors. The Joint Committee is charged with reviewing and making recommendations to the Board based on the evaluations of the Board, the committees of the Board and the individual directors.
The process for such Board evaluations includes the following:
- (a) A self-evaluation questionnaire for each director;
- (b) An evaluation questionnaire for the Chair;
- (c) A Board member evaluation questionnaire completed by the Chair;
- (d) Individual discussions between directors and the Chair of the Joint Committee; and
- (e) Individual discussions with those members of senior management who regularly interact with the Board.
The Board will then consider the results and recommendations of the Joint Committee to determine what, if any, action should be taken.
Majority Voting Policy
The Corporation has adopted a Majority Voting Policy to provide a meaningful way for the Shareholders to hold individual directors accountable and to require the Corporation to closely examine directors that do not have the support of a majority of Shareholders. The policy provides that forms of proxy for the election of directors will permit a Shareholder to vote in favour of, or to withhold from voting, separately for each director nominee and that where a director nominee has more votes withheld than are voted in favour of him or her, the nominee will be considered not to have received the support of the Shareholders, even though duly elected as a matter of UK company law. Pursuant to the policy, such a nominee will forthwith submit his or her resignation to the Board, such resignation to be effective on acceptance by the Board. The Board will then establish an advisory committee (the "Committee") to which it shall refer the resignation for consideration. Any director nominee who is the subject to the reference to the Committee shall not participate in any deliberations or meetings of the Committee. Save in exceptional circumstances, the resignation shall be accepted. In considering whether exceptional circumstances exist justifying the director's continuance in office, the Board will consider the factors considered by the Committee and such additional factors and information that the Board considers to be relevant. If the Committee recommends that the Board accept a director's resignation and the Board accepts the director's resignation, the director's resignation shall be effective upon the Board's acceptance. The decision by the Board to accept or reject a director's resignation under this policy shall be made within 90 days from the date of the relevant meeting of shareholders. The Corporation shall promptly issue a news release with the Board's decision in respect of a resignation, with a copy of such news release being provided to the TSX.
This policy does not apply where an election involves a proxy battle (i.e., where proxy material is circulated in support of one or more nominees who are not part of the director nominees supported by the Board).
Orientation and Continuing Education
Generally, the Joint Committee is responsible for ensuring that new directors are provided with an orientation and education program, which will include written information about the duties and obligations of directors, the business and operations of the Corporation, documents from recent Board meetings, and opportunities for meetings and discussion with senior management and other directors. Directors are expected to attend all meetings of the Board and to prepare thoroughly in advance of each meeting in order to actively participate in the deliberations and decisions.
The Board recognizes the importance of ongoing director education and the need for each director to take personal responsibility for this process. When possible, the Corporation invites Board members to site visits to help them develop a better understanding of the Corporation's exploration and development activities and assets. The Board notes that it has benefited from the experience and knowledge of individual members of the Board in respect of the evolving governance regime and principles. The Board ensures that all directors are apprised of changes in the Corporation's operations and business.
As part of the continuing education of directors, management makes regular presentations to the Board on specific aspects of the Corporation's business. Management provides the Board, on a monthly basis, a full report on the Corporation's operations and is available for questions and discussions at all times. In previous years, the Corporation encouraged directors to attend, at the Corporation's expense, industry conferences and seminars on subjects related to the Corporation's business and all Board members are invited to visit the Corporation's operations in Russia on an annual basis to tour its operations and meet its Russian operations team. In 2024, the Corporation hosted the Board Members to the Corporation's Vertikalny mine site.
Committees of the Board
As of the date of this Circular, the Board had the following two standing committees:
- Audit Committee; and
- Corporate Governance, Environmental and Compensation Committee (the "Joint Committee").
From time to time, when appropriate, ad hoc committees of the Board may be appointed by the Board.
Audit Committee
As at 31 December 2024 and to present, the Audit Committee consisted of Messrs. Ilchuk (Chair), Grigoriev, and Sotskov, one of whom is considered by the Board an independent director and all of whom are considered financially literate. The Audit Committee for the Corporation met four times in 2024. At this time the Board is actively seeking to appoint one to two new independent directors in 2026.
The Audit Committee operates under guidelines established by Multilateral Instrument 52-110 – Audit Committee. In addition to carrying out its statutory legal responsibilities (including review of the Corporation's annual financial statements), the Audit Committee reviews accounting policies and issues and all financial reporting, including interim financial statements and management's discussion and analysis in the Corporation's annual report. The Audit Committee meets with the Corporation's external auditors (with and without management) and with members of management at least four times per year to assist it in the effective discharge of its duties. The Audit Committee also recommends to the Board the firm to be appointed as the Corporation's auditors and the terms of their remuneration.
Further information regarding the Audit Committee is contained in the Corporation's annual information form (the "AIF") dated 31 March 2025 under the heading "Audit Committee" and a copy of the Audit Committee charter is attached to the AIF as Appendix "A". The AIF is available under the Corporation's profile on the SEDAR+ website at www.sedarplus.com.
External Auditor
The Audit Committee pre-approves all non-audit services to be provided to the Corporation or its subsidiary entities by the issuer's external auditors.
Please see page 5 of this Circular for the fees paid to external auditors in 2023 and 2024.
Joint Committee
For the year ended 31 December 2024 to present, the Joint Committee consisted of Messrs. Grigoriev (Chair), Ilchuk and Sotskov all but one is considered by the Board to be an independent director. The Joint Committee did not meet in 2024. It is important to note that the Company is seeking to appoint one to two new independent directors in 2026.
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Joint Committee – Compensation
The Joint Committee has been established by the Board for the purpose of assisting the Board in discharging the Board's oversight and responsibilities relating to: (i) determining compensation and retention strategies for key senior management; (ii) recommending to the Board compensation policies; and (iii) evaluating short and long-term incentive compensation for the Corporation's directors and officers, including goals and objectives relating to compensation for the Corporation's Named Executive Officers ("NEOs") and the performance of the NEOs in light of the goals and objectives set by the Board. It is important to note that the NEOs compensation has not changed since the Cease Trade Order was issued by the OSC in 2022.
Each member of the Joint Committee has more than 20 years of experience in their respective fields and, during that time, has been involved with implementing and reviewing compensation policies as a business, political and mining executive.
Joint Committee – Corporate Governance
In addition, the Joint Committee is charged with performing evaluation of the effectiveness of the Board as a whole, the committees of the Board and the contributions of individual directors, as well as identifying and recommending new nominees to the Board and providing guidance to the Board on general matters of corporate governance.
Joint Committee – Safety, Health & Environment
The Joint Committee is also responsible for reviewing the Corporation's environmental and occupational health and safety policies and standards. The members of the Joint Committee are appointed annually by the Board and serve at the pleasure of the Board until their successors are duly appointed.
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Compensation Discussion and Analysis
For the financial year ended 31 December 2024, the objectives of the Corporation's compensation strategy was to ensure that compensation for its NEOs is sufficiently attractive to recruit, retain and motivate high performing individuals to assist Corporation in achieving its goals. The Corporation attempts to ensure that compensation is also fair, balanced and linked to the performance of the Corporation and the individual NEO. On 1 April 2022, the OSC issued a CTO at the time of this Circular the CTO remains in effect, as such, the Corporation has not issued any share or options from its existing Compensation Plans.
Compensation for the NEOs is composed primarily of three components: base fees, performance bonuses and stock-based compensation. The determination of each component is based on informal discussions among the members of the Joint Committee who may draw upon their experience and broad knowledge of industry standards and performance based on informal expectations and goals. In establishing the levels of base fees, the award of stock options and performance bonuses, the Corporation informally considers individual performance, responsibilities and length of service. Performance is broadly reviewed and includes achievement of the Corporation's strategic objective of growth and the enhancement of shareholder value through increases in the net asset value of its investments. Performance bonuses are considered from time to time on a discretionary basis, as discussed in further detail below. The compensation determination process is discretionary and is not based on formal benchmarks or formal and specific quantified measures, other than with respect to the bonus pool calculation set out below.
The Board does not have a pre-determined compensation plan but rather reviews the performance of the NEOs and considers a variety of factors informally. The Board believes that the compensation paid to each NEO during the last fiscal year was commensurate with the NEO's position, experience and performance.
Key factors impacting the current levels of NEO compensation include the need to retain experienced senior executives through the "higher risk" early commercial production period of the Mangazeisky silver project and the increasing size and complexity of the Corporation's operations. The production commissioning and operational and cost optimization programs for early production of the Mangazeisky silver mine entails setting specified milestones and rewarding executives upon the achievement of such milestones.
The Board believes that the compensation paid to each NEO during the last fiscal year was commensurate with the NEO's position, experience and performance.
Chair Compensation
Mr. Ilchuk replaced Mr. Westdal as Chair of the Board of the Corporation in February 2022. As an executive Chair, Mr. Ilchuk does not receive any additional compensation for his role as Chair of the Board. The Chair acts as the primary spokesperson and leader for the Board, ensuring that management is aware of the concerns of the Board, Shareholders, other stakeholders and the public.
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CEO and Chief Financial Officer ("CFO") Compensation
The Joint Committee:
(a) periodically reviews the terms of reference for the Corporation's President and CEO and CFO and recommends any changes to the Board for approval;
(b) reviews corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of the President and CEO and CFO and recommends them to the Board for approval; and
(c) reviews, and if appropriate recommends to the Board for approval, any agreements between the Corporation and the President and CEO and CFO, including protections in the event of a change of control or other special circumstances, as appropriate.
As described above, the components of the President and CEO and CFO's compensation are composed primarily of three components namely, base salary, cash bonus or share bonus plan and longer-term incentives in the form of security-based compensation plans such as stock options.
Risks Associated with Compensation
In light of the Corporation's size and the balance between long-term objectives and short-term financial goals with respect to the Corporation's executive compensation program, the Board does not deem it necessary to consider at this time the implications of the risks associated with its compensation policies and practices.
Financial Instruments
The Corporation does not currently have a policy that restricts directors or NEOs from purchasing financial instruments, including, for greater certainty, prepaid variable forward contracts, equity swaps, collars, or units of exchange funds that are designed to hedge or offset a decrease in market value of Ordinary Shares. However, to the knowledge of the Corporation as of the date of hereof, no director or NEO of the Corporation has participated in the purchase of such financial instruments.
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Company Performance
On 16 March 2022, the Corporation's Auditors BDO LLP ("BDO") suspended its year-end 2021 audit ("Annual Filings") due to non-payment as a result of the ongoing sanctions against Russia. Subsequently, on 01 April 2022, the Corporation announced that the Ontario Securities Commission ("OSC") had issued a cease trade order ("CTO") for not filing its Annual Filings on the 31 March 2022 deadline. IIROC imposed trading halts on the Corporation's Ordinary Shares on 07 April 2022. Subsequently, on 8th and 28th of July 2022 the Corporation had filed its outstanding Annual Filings and its first quarter report, respectively. Following the outstanding financial filings the Corporation is working on an application of the revocation of the CTO and the trade resumption. As of the date, of this Circular the Company remains under the CTO order.
Due to the rapidly unfolding situation in Ukraine, the Company's Board and management are regularly assessing the evolving sanctions against Russia and by Russia and their impacts to the Group and its operations located some 400 km north of Yakutsk in Far East Russia. As the date of this report, there are several risks and uncertainties with respect to our operations in Russia of note which include, but are not limited to the following:
- Economic sanctions;
- Currency controls;
- Shortage of original spare parts;
- Restriction to pay dividends from Russia to UK and further to shareholders
- Withdrawal of service providers based outside of Russia; and
- Export and import restrictions.
Components of Compensation
Base Fees
Salaries form an essential component of the Corporation's compensation mix as they are the first base measure to remain competitive relative to industry compensation practices, are fixed and therefore not subject to uncertainty and can be used as the base to determine other elements of compensation and benefits. In determining the base salary of an executive officer, the Joint Committee takes into account the recommendations from the President and CEO of the Corporation and may consider the particular responsibilities related to the position; what the Joint Committee members believe is industry practice; the relevant market place information, experience, expertise and level of the executive officer; his or her length of service; level of responsibilities; and his or her overall performance based on informal feedback.
There is no mandatory framework that determines which of these factors may be more or less important and the emphasis placed on any of these factors may vary among the executive officers. The determination of base salaries relies principally on negotiations between the respective NEO and the Corporation and is therefore heavily discretionary.
Bonus Payments
The purpose of the Corporation's bonus program is to provide the NEOs with the opportunity to receive an annual cash incentive that is related to the progress of the Corporation and individual performance. Through informal discussions among management, executive officers are eligible for annual cash bonuses. The Corporation is focused on the investment and management of small-cap companies in the resource sector. As a result, the Joint Committee believes that financial incentives should relate to the accomplishment of a key performance indicators relating to the production statistics of the Corporation's mining activities, among other corporate developments. The Joint Committee may, at its discretion, approve management bonuses for corporate achievements that may occur outside of the scope of the investment portfolio.
Security Based Compensation Plans
Stock Option Plan
The Joint Committee believes that granting stock options to purchase Ordinary Shares (each a "Silver Bear Option") to key personnel encourages retention and more closely aligns the interests of recipients of Silver Bear Options, including executive management of the Corporation, with the interests of Shareholders. The inclusion of Silver Bear Options in compensation packages allows the Corporation to compensate employees while not drawing on limited cash resources. The number of Silver Bear Options to be granted is based on the relative contribution and involvement of the individual in question and consideration of previous Silver Bear Option grants.
The Corporation adopted a Stock Option Plan that was approved by Shareholders at the Corporation's annual general and special meeting in December 2023. In accordance with rules of the TSX, the Corporation is required to seek Shareholder approval for its Stock Option Plan every three years. Accordingly, the Stock Option Plan, including an amendment to the Stock Option Plan to include a cashless exercise provision (the "Cashless Exercise Provision"), was approved by Shareholders at the Corporation annual general and special meeting on 01 June 2021.
The following is a summary of the terms of the Stock Option Plan and is qualified in its entirety by the full text of the Stock Option Plan. A copy of the Stock Option Plan can be found as Schedule "B" to the Corporation's management information circular dated 20 November 2023, a copy of which is available under the Corporation's SEDAR profile at www.sedar.com:
-
The number of Silver Bear Options that may be granted pursuant to the Stock Option Plan, and other entitlements under any other Security Based Compensation Plan, shall not exceed 10% of the number of issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares at the time of the stock option grant, from time to time. The Stock Option Plan is considered to be an "evergreen plan" since the Ordinary Shares covered by options which have been exercised shall be available for subsequent grants under the Stock Option Plan, and the number of options available to grant increases as the number of issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares increase.
-
Silver Bear Options are non-assignable, other than by will or by applicable laws of descent, and may be granted to employees, officers, directors and certain consultants of the Corporation and designated affiliates (the "Eligible Participants").
-
Eligible Participants may, instead of exercising a Silver Bear Option for cash, elect to surrender such Silver Bear Option to the Corporation in consideration for an amount from the Corporation equal to the amount by which (i) the aggregate fair market value of the Ordinary Shares issuable under such Silver Bear Option, exceeds (ii) the aggregate exercise price in respect of such Silver Bear Option (the "In-the-Money Amount"). The Corporation has the right to satisfy payment of the In-the-Money Amount, following payment of taxes to the relevant taxation authority on behalf of the participant (the "Remittance Amount"), in either Ordinary Shares or cash in an amount equal to the amount by which the In-the-Money Amount exceeds the Remittance Amount. The full number of Ordinary Shares issuable pursuant to any Silver Bear Options exercised pursuant to the Cashless Exercise Provision will be fully deducted from the reserve of Ordinary Shares which may be issued under the Stock Option Plan.
-
Upon the termination of an optionholder's engagement with the Corporation, the cancellation or early vesting of any Silver Bear Option shall be in the discretion of the Board. In general, the Corporation expects that Silver Bear Options will be cancelled 90 days following an optionholder's termination from the Corporation. In the case of an Eligible Participant being dismissed from employment or service for cause, the Silver Bear Option shall immediately terminate and shall no longer be exercisable as of the date of such dismissal.
-
The aggregate number of Ordinary Shares issuable, at any time, pursuant to the Stock Option Plan and the other Security Based Compensation Plans to insiders of the Corporation shall not exceed 10% of the Ordinary Shares outstanding.
-
The aggregate number of Ordinary Shares issued, within any one year period, pursuant to the Stock Option Plan and the other Security Based Compensation Plans to insiders of the Corporation shall not exceed 10% of the Ordinary Shares then outstanding.
-
The periods within which Silver Bear Options may be exercised and the number of Ordinary Shares which may be issuable upon the exercise of Silver Bear Options in any such period shall be determined by the Board at the time of granting such Silver Bear Options provided, however, that all Silver Bear Options must be exercisable during a period not extending five (5) years from the date of the grant of a Silver Bear Option.
-
The Board at their discretion has the power to determine the time, or times when Silver Bear Options will be granted, vest and be exercisable and to determine when it is appropriate to accelerate when options otherwise subject to vesting may be exercised.
-
In the event that the expiry date of a Silver Bear Option falls within, or within two (2) days of, a trading blackout period imposed by the Corporation (the "Blackout Period"), the expiry date of such option shall be automatically extended to the 10th business day following the end of the Blackout Period.
-
The exercise price per Silver Bear Option shall be determined by the Board at the time such Silver Bear Option is granted, but, in any event, shall not be less than the closing price of the Ordinary Shares on the TSX on the trading day immediately preceding the date of the grant of the Silver Bear Option.
-
Certain amendments to the Stock Option Plan require Shareholder approval, including but not limited to: (i) any amendment to the number of securities issuable under the Stock Option Plan; (ii) any reduction to the exercise price or extension to the term of a Silver Bear Option held by an insider; (iii) any amendments to remove or exceed the limits set forth under the Stock Option Plan, both to insiders and Eligible Participants; (iv) any change to the definition of Eligible Participants which would have the potential of narrowing or broadening or increasing insider participation; and (v) the addition of any form of financial assistance.
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- Certain amendments to the Stock Option Plan do not require Shareholder approval, including but not limited to: (i) amendments of a housekeeping nature; (ii) the addition of or a change to vesting provisions of a security or the Stock Option Plan; (iii) a change to the termination provisions of a security or the Stock Option Plan which does not entail an extension beyond the original expiry date; and (iv) the addition of a cashless exercise feature, payable in cash or securities, which provides for a full deduction of the number of underlying securities from the Stock Option Plan reserve.
- The Corporation will not provide financial assistance to any option holder to facilitate the exercise of options under the Stock Option Plan.
The table below sets out the Ordinary Shares reserved for issuance under the Corporation's securities based compensation arrangements as of 31 December 2024.
| Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights | Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights | Number of securities issued under the Share Bonus Plan | Number of securities issued under the Subscription Plan | Number of securities remaining available under equity compensation plans | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plan Category | (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) | |
| Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | Nil | Nil | 4,168,750 | 3,488,985 | 60,175,316 |
| Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil |
| TOTAL | Nil | Nil | 4,168,750 | 3,488,985 | 60,175,316 |
As the date of this Circular, a total of Nil Ordinary Shares were issuable on the exercise of Silver Bear Options granted by the Corporation under the Stock Option Plan, a total of 4,168,750 Ordinary Shares were issued under the Share Bonus Plan and 3,488,985 Ordinary Shares were issued under the Subscription Plan, which represent, in the aggregate 7,657,735 Ordinary Shares or approximately 1.4% of the Ordinary Shares outstanding. Of the total Ordinary Shares issuable under the Security Based Compensation Plans, all were issued to insiders, representing approximately 1.4% of the outstanding Ordinary Shares.
Based on the current number of issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares and the total number of the Ordinary Shares issuable under the Stock Option Plan and issued pursuant to the other Security Based Compensation Plans, as of the date hereof, 60,175,316 Ordinary Shares remain available for issuance under the Security Based Compensation Plans, collectively representing approximately 8.3% of the issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares.
Share Bonus Plan
The Corporation has a Share Bonus Plan, which was originally approved by the Shareholders in April 2013. Subsequently, Shareholders approved amendments to the Share Bonus Plan in July 2016 and June 2019. In July 2016, an amendment to the Share Bonus Plan increased the number of Ordinary Shares available for issuance from 2,500,000 to 5,400,000. In June 2019, an amendment to the Share Bonus Plan changed the number of Ordinary Shares available for issuance under the Share Bonus Plan to provide that Ordinary Shares cannot be issued under the amended Share Bonus Plan if the total number of Ordinary Shares issued under the amended Share Bonus Plan, together with the number of Silver Bear Options outstanding under the Stock Option Plan and the number of Ordinary Shares issued under the Subscription Plan (as defined below), at the time of the proposed share issue will represent more than 10% of the issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares.
As of the date hereof, a total of 4,168,750 Ordinary Shares have vested to certain officers, directors, employees and consultants of the Corporation under the Share Bonus Plan.
Non-Executive Director Subscription Plan
The Corporation also has a non-executive director subscription plan (the "Subscription Plan"), which was first approved by Shareholders in June 2019. The Subscription Plan allows the Corporation to grant Non-Executive Directors (as defined in the Subscription Plan) the right to apply a portion of their fees towards the subscription of Ordinary Shares.
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As of the date of this Circular, a total of 3,488.985 Ordinary Shares have been issued to non-executive directors of the Corporation under the Subscription Plan. The following is a summary of the terms of the Subscription Plan, which is qualified in its entirety by the provisions of the Subscription Plan.
- The Subscription Plan provides that Shares cannot be issued under the Subscription Plan if the total number of Shares issued under the Subscription Plan, together with the number of Silver Bear Options outstanding under the Corporation's Stock Option Plan and the number of Shares issued under the Share Bonus Plan since its inception, at the time of the proposed share issue will represent more than 10% of the issued and outstanding Shares at that time.
- It is expected that the portion of gross annual remuneration elected by each Participant (as defined in the Subscription Plan) to be applied towards the subscription of Shares will accrue on a monthly basis and Shares applied for by the Participants under the Subscription Plan will be issued on the last working day of each quarter, and provided that the recipient satisfies certain conditions including continued engagement by the Corporation or a subsidiary.
- Notwithstanding the previous paragraph, in the event of a consolidation, merger, amalgamation, arrangement, sale, lease, dissolution or other event that constitutes a "Change of Control" (as defined in the proposed Share Bonus Plan) takes place, all Shares applied for under any election notice under the Subscription Plan and in respect of which the subscription amount in the form of gross annual director remuneration has accrued, but not yet issued to a Participant, under the Subscription Plan will be issued.
- The aggregate maximum number of Shares available for issuance under this Subscription Plan shall be determined from time to time by the Committee, and the number of Shares to be issued to any one Non-Executive Director should not exceed 5% of the issued and outstanding Shares. The number of Shares to be issued to insiders of the Corporation, within any one-year period, and issuable to insiders of the Corporation, at any time, under the Subscription Plan, or when combined with all of the Corporation's other Security Based Compensation Plans, shall not exceed 10% of the Corporation's total issued and outstanding securities, at the time of issue.
- In the event that any Participant shall not abide by the terms and conditions set by the Committee in connection with the issuance of Shares under the Subscription Plan, including without limitation, the relevant Participant ceasing to be engaged by the Corporation due to resignation of the non-executive director from the Corporation's Board, all Shares applied for but not yet issued to a Participant and in respect of which the subscription amount in the form of gross annual remuneration has accrued, shall be issued on the relevant date.
- Except as otherwise may be expressly provided for under the Subscription Plan or pursuant to a will or by the laws of descent and distribution, no right or interest of a participant in the Subscription Plan is assignable or transferable.
- The Subscription Plan provides for amendment procedures that specify the kind of amendments to the Subscription Plan that will require Shareholder approval. The Board believes that except for certain material changes to the Subscription Plan it is important that the Board has the flexibility to make changes to the Subscription Plan without Shareholder approval in relation to minor changes of a "house-keeping nature" and any amendment to the class of participants eligible to participate under the Subscription Plan.
Burn Rate Disclosure
In accordance with requirements of the TSX, listed below are the annual burn rates of each Security Based Compensation Plan maintained by the Corporation for the three most recently completed fiscal years.
| Security-based Compensation Share Plan | Year-ended 31 December 2024 | Year-ended 31 December 2023 | Year-ended 31 December 2022 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Share Bonus Plan (total awards granted in the year) | Nil | Nil | Nil |
| Stock Option Plan (total awards granted in the year) | Nil | Nil | Nil |
| Subscription Plan (total awards granted in the year) | Nil | Nil | 583,529 |
| Issued securities (weighted average where required) | 678,329,611 | 678,329,611 | 678,329,611 |
| Burn Rate – Share Bonus Plan (expressed as a %) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Burn Rate – Stock Option Plan (expressed as a %) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Burn Rate – Subscription Plan (expressed as a %) | 0 | 0 | 0.09 |
| Burn Rate – Total (expressed as a %) | 0 | 0 | 0.09 |
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Notes: Newly issued shares will be issued by the Corporation in the year of vest or on exercise to satisfy awards to eligible employees under the terms of the Stock Option Plan. Awards made under the Share Bonus Plan and the Subscription Plan are not funded from treasury share or newly issued shares.
2020 Executive Compensation
Summary Compensation Table
The following table summarizes the compensation paid during the three financial years ended 31 December 2022, 2021 and 2020 in respect of the individuals who were carrying out the role of the CEO, and CFO for the Corporation. No other NEO other than the CEO and CFO at the end of the most recently completed financial year received total compensation which was individually more than $150,000 for that financial year. All amounts are in US dollars.
| Name and principal position | Year Ended | Salary (US$) | Share awards (US$) (1) | Option awards (US$) (2) | Non-equity incentive plan compensation (US$) | All other compensation (US$) (3) | Total compensation (US$) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annual incentive plans (3) | Long-term incentive plans | |||||||
| Vadim Ilchuk | ||||||||
| President & CEO (4) | 2024 | 109,850 | - | - | - | - | - | 109,850 |
| 2023 | 108,003 | - | - | - | - | - | 108,003 | |
| 2022 | 107,571 | - | - | - | - | - | 107,571 | |
| Mikhail Ilyin | ||||||||
| CFO (5) | 2024 | 98,975 | - | - | - | - | - | 98,975 |
| 2023 | 97,310 | - | - | - | - | - | 97,310 | |
| 2022 | 96,498 | - | - | - | - | - | 96,498 | |
| Alexey Sotskov | ||||||||
| Deputy of CEO | 2024 | 77,536 | - | - | - | - | - | 77,536 |
| 2023 | 76,232 | - | - | - | - | - | 76,232 | |
| 2022 | 75,889 | - | - | - | - | - | 75,889 |
Notes: Compensation paid as consulting fees under the independent contractor agreements with the NEO as described under the heading "Executive Compensation – Termination of Employment, Change in Responsibilities and Employment Contracts" of this Circular.
(1) The figures shown reflect the grant day fair value of the Ordinary Shares granted pursuant to the Share Bonus Plan as at the date of grant. Grant day fair value is determined by multiplying the number of Ordinary Shares issued under the Share Bonus Plan by the closing price of the Ordinary Shares on the TSX on the day preceding the grant date.
(2) The value ascribed to option grants represents non-cash consideration and has been estimated using the Black-Scholes Model, as at the date of grant. These amounts are not necessarily reflective of actual amounts that may be realized on exercise.
(3) Compensation received in the form of discretionary performance-based bonuses in accordance with the bonus compensation policy of the Corporation as described under the heading "Executive Compensation - Compensation of Officers – Compensation Discussion and Analysis" set out above.
(4) Mr. Vadim Ilchuk was appointed CFO of the Corporation on 1 July 2017 and was subsequently also appointed President, CEO and director of the Corporation on 14 November 2018 and Chair of the Board on 28 February 2022.
(5) Mr. Mikhail Ilyin was appointed CFO of the Corporation on 10 June 2019 and Corporate Secretary on 31 March 2022.
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Incentive Plan Awards
The following table provides information regarding the incentive plan awards for each NEO outstanding as of 31 December 2024.
Outstanding Share-Based Awards and Option-Based Awards
| Option Awards^{(3)} | Share Awards | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Number of securities underlying unexercised options (#) | Option exercise price ($) | Option expiration date | Value of unexercised in-the-money options ($)^{(1)} | Number of shares or units of shares that have not vested (#) | Market or payout value of share awards that have not vested ($)^{(2)} | Market or payout value of vested share-based awards not paid out or distributed^{(2)} |
| Vadim Ilchuk | |||||||
| President & CEO^{(4)} | NIL | NIL | NIL | NIL | NIL | NIL | NIL |
| Mikhail Ilyin | |||||||
| CFO^{(5)} | NIL | NIL | NIL | NIL | NIL | NIL | NIL |
| Alexey Sotskov | |||||||
| Deputy of CEO | NIL | NIL | NIL | NIL | NIL | NIL | NIL |
Notes:
(1) Based on the closing market price of $0.05 of the Ordinary Shares on 31 December 2023. The "in-the-money", if any, value is determined by the amount by which the closing market price exceeds the option exercise price on 31 December 2024.
(2) The amounts are based upon the grant date fair value as described in footnote 2 to the Summary Compensation Table for NEO on page 22 of the Circular.
(3) These options have not been, and may never be, exercised and actual gains, if any, on exercise will depend on the value of the Ordinary Shares on the date of exercise.
(4) Mr. Vadim Ilchuk was appointed CFO of the Corporation on 1 July 2017, subsequently Mr. Ilchuk has also been appointed President, CEO and director of the Corporation on 14 November 2018. Mr. Ilchuk, Mr. Ilchuk became Chair of the Company on 28 February 2022.
(5) Mr. Mikhail Ilyin was appointed CFO of the Corporation on 10 June 2019 and became the Corporate Secretary on 31 March 2022.
Value Vested or Earned in Most Recent Financial Year
The following table sets forth, for each NEO, the value vested for all outstanding option-based and share-based awards and the value earned for all non-equity incentive plan compensation during the financial year ended 31 December, 2024.
| Name | Option-based awards – Value vested during the year^{(1)} ($) | Share-based awards – Value vested during the year ($) | Non-equity incentive plan compensation – Value earned during the year ($) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vadim Ilchuk | |||
| President & CEO | NIL | NIL | NIL |
| Mikhail Ilyin | |||
| CFO | NIL | NIL | NIL |
| Alexey Sotskov | |||
| Deputy of CEO | NIL | NIL | NIL |
Notes:
(1) See the "Outstanding Share-Based Awards and Option-Based Awards" table for NEOs (above) for more information on the options awarded to NEOs.
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Termination of Employment, Change in Responsibilities, and Employment Contracts
As the date of this Circular, the following describes the respective consulting agreements entered into by the Corporation and the Named Executive Officers.
Vadim Ilchuk, President, CEO and Director
On 14 November 2018, the Corporation amended Mr. Ilchuk's contract as a result of his appointment as President, CEO and director of the Corporation. Mr. Ilchuk's employment agreement allows for a base fee of US$11,667 per month. Mr. Ilchuk's base fee will be increased to US$14,167 on the first date of the quarter following which the Corporation demonstrates profitability based on EBITDA in accordance with IFRS. In the event of a termination of the agreement by the Corporation (excluding a termination for cause) or termination of the agreement by Mr. Ilchuk upon a Change of Control (as defined in the employment agreement) a lump sum payment will be made to Mr. Ilchuk in the amount of six (6) months compensation before deduction of taxes.
Under the Stock Option Plan, upon the occurrence of a change of control (as defined in the Stock Option Plan), the Stock Option Plan provides that options outstanding shall become immediately exercisable.
Mikhail Ilyin, CFO
On 10 June 2019, the Corporation amended Mr. Ilyin's contract as a result of his appointment as CFO of the Corporation. Mr. Ilyin's employment agreement allows for a base fee of US$ 4,780 per month. Under the Stock Option Plan, upon the occurrence of a change of control (as defined in the Stock Option Plan), the Stock Option Plan provides that options outstanding shall become immediately exercisable.
The estimated incremental payments, payables and benefits that might be paid to the current NEOs under various agreements plans and arrangements (those that have not been terminated as of the date of this Circular) in the event of termination without cause, disability or after a change of control (assuming such termination or change of control is effective as of the Record Date) is detailed below.
| Named Executive Officer | Termination not for Cause (US$) | Termination on a Change of Control (US$) |
|---|---|---|
| Vadim Ilchuk | ||
| Salary and Quantified Benefits | 70,002 | 70,002 |
| Bonus | NIL | NIL |
| Acceleration of Options | NIL | NIL |
| Mikhail Ilyin | ||
| Salary and Quantified Benefit | NIL | NIL |
| Bonus | NIL | NIL |
| Acceleration of Options | NIL | NIL |
| Alexey Sotskov | ||
| Salary and Quantified Benefit | NIL | NIL |
| Bonus | NIL | NIL |
| Acceleration of Options | NIL | NIL |
| Total | 70,002 | 70,002 |
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Indemnity Agreements
The Corporation has entered into indemnity agreements with its directors in the second quarter of 2021.
Director Compensation
Compensation of directors for the financial year ended 31 December 2024 was determined on a case-by-case basis with reference to the role that each director provided to the Corporation. The following information details compensation paid in the recently completed financial year to the directors of the Corporation.
Directors may also receive discretionary cash bonuses from time to time, which the Corporation awards to directors for serving in their capacity as a member of the Board.
The Corporation does not currently prescribe a set of formal objective measures to determine discretionary bonus entitlements. Rather, the Corporation uses informal goals which may include an assessment of an individual's current and expected future performance, level of responsibilities and the importance of his/her position and contribution to the Corporation. Precise goals or milestones are not pre-set by the Board with the exception of the calculation of the bonus pool as it relates to performance bonuses, as set out under the heading "Executive Compensation – Compensation Discussion and Analysis".
In addition, directors are entitled to participate in the Corporation's Stock Option Plan and Share Bonus Plan, which are designed to give each option holder an interest in preserving and maximizing shareholder value in the longer term. Individual grants are determined by an assessment of an individual's current and expected future performance, level of responsibilities and the importance of his/her position and contribution to the Corporation. Non-executive directors are eligible to elect to have a percentage of their director fees paid in Ordinary Shares under the Subscription Plan (as further detailed above). See "Security Based Compensation Plans – Non-Executive Director Subscription Plan".
Executive officers who also act as directors of the Corporation do not receive any additional compensation for services rendered in their capacity as directors.
During the financial year ended 31 December 2024, one of the three directors were paid the fees in their capacity as non-executive directors of the Corporation as is set out in the table below. Note that disclosure regarding the compensation of NEOs can be found above under the heading "Executive Compensation – Summary Compensation Table". The directors, other than Mr. Ilchuk and Mr. Sotskov, received their compensation exclusively in their capacity as director.
Director Summary Compensation Table
| Name | Fees earned (US$) | Share awards (US$) (4) | Option awards (US$) (5) | Shares earned under security compensation plans (US$) (3) | All other compensation (US$) (1) | Total (US$) (5) | Fees outstanding at 31/12/2024 | Fees outstanding as the date of the Circular |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nikolay Grigoriev (6) | 30,000 | NIL | NIL | 30,000 | NIL | NIL | 90,000 | 112,500 |
| TOTALS | 30,000 | NIL | NIL | 30,000 | NIL | NIL | 90,000 | 112,500 |
Notes:
(1) Other benefits did not exceed the lesser of $50,000 and 10% of the total annual compensation for the named director.
(2) There were no stock options granted by the Corporation to the directors holding office for the year ended 31 December 2023.
(3) Compensation received in the form the Corporation's Ordinary Shares through the Corporation's Non-executive Director Subscription Plan approved by Shareholders in the Corporation's 2022 AGM. Starting from 2Q 2022 shares earned under security compensation plans are not issued due to the CTO
(4) The figures shown reflect the grant day fair value of the bonus shares granted pursuant to the Share Bonus Plan. Grant day fair value is determined by multiplying the number of Ordinary Shares issued by the closing price of the Ordinary Shares on the TSX on 31 December 2022 which was $0.05 per share.
(5) Total includes director fees.
(6) Mr. Grigoriev was appointed to the Board 01 June 2022.
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Outstanding Share-Based Awards and Option-Based Awards for Directors
| Option Awards(3) | Share Awards | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Number of securities underlying unexercised options (#) | Option exercise price ($) | Option expiration date | Value of unexercised in-the-money options ($)(1) | Number of shares or units of shares that have not vested (#) | Market or payout value of share awards that have not vested ($)(2) | Market or payout value of vested share-based awards not paid out or distributed(2) |
| Nikolay Grigoriev (4) | NIL | N/A | N/A | N/A | NIL | NIL | NIL |
Notes:
(1) Based on the closing market price of $0.05 of the Ordinary Shares on 31 December 2022. The "in-the-money", if any, value is determined by the amount by which the closing market price exceeds the option exercise price on 31 December 2021.
(2) The amounts are based upon the grant date fair value as described in footnote 2 to the Summary Compensation Table for NEO on page 22 of the Circular.
(3) These options have not been, and may never be, exercised and actual gains, if any, on exercise will depend on the value of the Ordinary Shares on the date of exercise.
(4) Mr. Grigoriev was appointed to the Board 01 June 2022.
Value Vested or Earned in Most Recent Financial Year
The following table sets forth, for each Director, the value vested for all outstanding option-based and share-based awards and the value earned for all non-equity incentive plan compensation during the financial year ended 31 December 2024.
| Name | Option-based awards – Value vested during the year(1) ($) | Share-based awards – Value vested during the year ($) | Non-equity incentive plan compensation – Value earned during the year ($) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nikolay Grigoriev | NIL | NIL | NIL |
Notes:
(1) See the "Outstanding Share-Based Awards and Option-Based Awards" table for Directors (above) for more information on options awarded to directors.
Other Arrangements
Other than as disclosed above, none of the NEOs or directors of the Corporation were compensated by the Corporation during the financial year ended 31 December 2024 pursuant to any other compensation arrangement.
INDEBTEDNESS OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
As at the date of this Circular, and for the financial year ended 31 December 2024, no director or executive officer of the Corporation or Nominee (as defined herein) (and each of their associates and/or affiliates) was indebted, including under any securities purchase or other program, to (i) the Corporation or its subsidiaries, or (ii) any other entity which is, or was at any time during the financial year ended 31 December 2024, the subject of a guarantee, support agreement, letter of credit or other similar arrangement or understanding provided by the Corporation or its subsidiaries.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND CONTACT INFORMATION
Additional information relating to the Corporation may be found under the profile of the Corporation on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.com. Additional financial information is provided in the Corporation's audited financial statements and related management's discussion and analysis for the financial year ended 31 December 2024, which can be found under the profile of the Corporation on SEDAR+. Shareholders may also request these documents from the CFO of the Corporation by email at [email protected].
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Board of Directors Approval
The contents of this Circular and the sending thereof to the Shareholders of the Corporation have been approved by the Board.
BY ORDER OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
(Signed) "Vadim Ilchuk"
Vadim Ilchuk
President and Chief Executive Officer
Moscow, Russia
27 November 2025
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SCHEDULE "A" – CHARTER OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
SILVER BEAR RESOURCES Plc
(the "Corporation")
CHARTER OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
(the "Charter")
I. PURPOSE
The Board of Directors of the Corporation (the "Board") is responsible for the stewardship of the business and for acting in the best interests of the Corporation and its shareholders. The Board will discharge its responsibilities directly and through its committees, currently consisting of the Audit Committee and the Corporate Governance, Environmental and Compensation Committee. The Board shall meet at least quarterly to review the business operations, corporate governance, environmental and health and safety compliance and financial results of the Corporation. Meetings of the Board shall also include regular meetings of the independent members of the Board without management being present, on an as needed basis.
II. RESPONSIBILITIES
The Board's mandate is the stewardship of the Corporation and its responsibilities include, without limitation to its general mandate, the following specific responsibilities:
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The assignment to the various committees of the Board the general responsibility for developing the Corporation's approach to: (i) corporate governance and nomination of directors related issues; (ii) financial reporting and internal controls; (iii) issues relating to compensation of directors, officers and employees and (iv) environmental and health and safety matters.
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With the assistance of the committees of the Board:
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Create an agenda for the ensuing year to fulfill its mandate.
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Review this Charter annually and update it as conditions dictate.
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Develop the Corporation's approach to corporate governance, including the development of a set of corporate governance principles and guidelines specific to the Corporation.
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Review the composition of the Board and ensure that the Board composition meets the independence requirements applicable to the Corporation.
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Satisfy itself as to the integrity of the Chief Executive Officer and other senior officers of the Corporation
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Ensure that the senior officers of the Corporation create and maintain a culture of integrity throughout the organization.
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Review the internal controls and management information systems of the Corporation annually, and ensure that such controls are congruent with the size and operation of the Corporation.
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Ensure that an appropriate review selection process for new nominees to the Board is in place and that the composition and succession of the Board is regularly being examined.
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Approve disclosure and securities compliance policies, including communications policies of the Corporation and ensure a process is in place for stakeholders to provide feedback to the independent members of the Board.
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Mandate effective communication protocols for communication with the major shareholders and key stakeholders of the Corporation.
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Establish appropriate performance criteria for the senior management of the Corporation and approve the compensation provided to the executive officers of the Corporation.
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- Recommend the appointment of the auditors of the Corporation and assess the performance of the auditors.
- Ensure that the Corporation is operated in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, audit and accounting principles and the Corporation's own governing documents and policies.
- Encourage management and employees of the Corporation to behave in an ethical manner in the course of their service to the Corporation.
- Identify the principal risks of the Corporation's business and ensure that appropriate systems are in place to manage these risks.
- Review and approve significant operational and financial matters and direct management on these matters.
- As required and agreed upon, address shareholder concerns regarding the integrity of the Corporation's reported financial performance.
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Provide succession planning and select, appoint, monitor, evaluate and, if necessary, replace, senior management of the Corporation to ensure effective management succession.
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Review and approve corporate objectives and goals applicable to the Corporation's senior management.
- Review with senior management:
- Major corporate decisions which require Board approval and approve such decisions as they arise.
- Major capital expenditure decisions (in excess of $500,000) unless previously authorized by the Board in a budget or plan.
- Material decisions relating to senior personnel, development or operation of mineral exploration properties or matters relating to the environment, health and safety.
- Perform such other functions as prescribed by law or assigned to the Board in the Corporation's constating documents and by-laws.
III. MISCELLANEOUS
- The members of the Board are expected to attend all meetings of Board in person or by phone unless prior notification of absence is provided.
- The members of the Board are required to have reviewed board materials in advance of the meeting of the Board and be prepared to discuss such materials at the meeting.
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