RoboSense Technology Co., Ltd - Environmental & Social Information 2026

~~A~~ bout this ESG Report 1

2 RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report ~~A~~ bout this ESG Report 3

~~A~~ bout this ESG Report 5

RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

About this ESG Report

Reporing Principles

The Report has been prepared in accordance with the disclosure principles as set out in the ESG Guide in Appendix C2 to the Listing Rules:

This is the Environmental, Social and Governance Report (the "ESG Report" or "Report") issued by RoboSense, focusing on the Group's strategic direction, management practices, and performance in relation to the ESG for 2025, and effectively addressing the expectations and requirements of various stakeholders.

Reporting Scope

The ESG Report covers the reporting period from January 1, 2025 to December 31, 2025 (the "Reporting Period") . To enhance the comparability and completeness of the Report, certain content or elaboration of the Report may be out of the aforementioned time frame.

The information and data disclosed in the Report cover RoboSense and its main subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities included in this annual report.

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Reporting
Responses of RoboSense
Principles
Through a materiality assessment, the Report focuses on disclosing key topics that may have a
Materiality significant impact on stakeholders.
The Report quantitatively provides information on the KPIs, standards, methodologies, assumptions
Quantitative and calculation tools used, together with the explanations to allow readers to assess and validate
the performance of the Group's ESG policy and management system.
The Report comprehensively discloses the Group's performance in ESG aspects, based on objective
Balance
facts, and avoids any expression or presentation format that may improperly affect the decision or
judgment of the readers.
The Report uses consistent disclosure and statistical methodologies throughout the current and
Consistency
subsequent years to allow the readers to compare the Group's performance on an annual basis.
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Unless otherwise stated, the Report is denominated in RMB.

Source of Information

Referenes

For easy reference, RoboSense Technology Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries from time to time are referred to as "RoboSense", "the Group", "(the) Company", "We".

Reporting Criteria

The Report has been prepared in accordance with the Environmental, Social and Governance Reporting Code ("ESG Code") in Appendix C2 to the Main Board Listing Rules of the HKEX, and fully fulfills the disclosure obligations of the mandatory disclosure requirements and the "disclose or explain" provisions.

The appendix "ESG Index of HKEX" systematically lists the major aspects, indicator contents and corresponding sections covered by ESG Code; the appendix "ESG Policies and Laws List" discloses the laws, regulations and internal policies corresponding to the Group's ESG indicators; the appendix "ESG Key Performance Table" presents the annual ESG key performance.

All data and materials referred in the Report are derived from the Group's internal official documents, statistical reports, external public information and others. The Report is approved for issue by the Board who are responsible for the truthfulness, accuracy and completeness of the Report. The Group warrants that there are no false representations or misleading statements contained in, or material omissions from the Report. Confirmation and Approval

The Report comprehensively discloses the ESG related matters of RoboSense for the year ended December 31, 2025, and had been reviewed and approved by the Board on March 25th, 2026.

Means of Response to the Report

We highly value opinions from different parties and welcome readers to contact us via the following contact channel. Your feedback will help us further improve the Report and enhance our ESG performance.

Email: [email protected]

About RoboSense 7

RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

About RoboSense

Company Profile

RoboSense is an AI-driven robotics technology company founded in 2014 and is headquartered in Shenzhen, China. The Company employs over 1,800 professionals and operates offices in various countries and regions, including Shanghai, Suzhou, and Hong Kong in China, Stuttgart in Germany, Detroit and Silicon Valley in the United States. Leveraging full-stack in-house developed digital chips and a robust AI technology system, the Company provides core robotic components, perception systems, and manipulation solutions across a wide range of industries, including autonomous passenger and commercial vehicles, Robotaxi, as well as robotics applications in autonomous logistics, robotics lawn mowers, and humanoid robots.

Business Overview

RoboSense leads the global LiDAR market. In the vehicle sector, it has established partnerships with over 350 automotive OEMs and Tier-1 suppliers. In the robotics sector, it has become the preferred solution provider for industries such as autonomous logistics, robotics lawn mowers and humanoid robots, offering products and solutions to more than 3,400 robotics and related industry clients. In 2025, the Company ranked first in LiDAR market share in the robotic sector.

Building on its leading perception capabilities, the Company has extended its technology portfolio to robotic dexterous manipulation capabilities, launching key hardware products in the field embodied intelligence, such as robotic vision and dexterous hands, as well as embodied intelligence hand-eye coordination solutions, driving embodied intelligence towards large-scale commercial applications.

Driven by innovation, the Company's products have gained wide recognition from customers for their performance and cost-effectiveness, leveraging its core technological strengths. With its full-stack integrated software and hardware perception capabilities, the Company holds significant competitive advantages in promoting intelligent upgrades across industries and achieving large-scale commercial deployment.

Chief Executive Officer's Statement

Since its establishment in 2014, RoboSense has remained committed to its mission of "Safer world, Smarter life". Driven by AI, the Company provides core components and solutions for the robotics industry, striving to become a global leader in robotics technology platforms. In 2025, we achieved LiDAR sales of over 912,000 units and ranked first globally in the robotics sector, marking the transition of our core technologies from independent R&D to large-scale applications, and demonstrating the deep integration of intelligent perception technologies across vehicles, robotics, and other diverse scenarios.

We adhere to the philosophy of "Technology for Good" and "Technology for All". By empowering robotic solutions with intelligent perception technologies, we expand the boundaries of transportation, urban governance, industrial automation and home services, striving to weave a safe, efficient and human-centric intelligent network that brings positive changes to people's lives and creates sustainable value for society.

Efficient Compliance, Lean Operations

We deeply integrate the concept of sustainable development into corporate governance, establishing an ESG governance structure led by the Board, and strengthening compliance management and risk prevention mechanisms. Through regular stakeholder assessments and identification of key issues, we continuously promote risk management and internal control, business ethics development, and information security and privacy protection.

Innovation-Driven, Safeguarding Safety with Intelligence

We continue to increase the proportion of R&D investment, focusing on the three technology areas of AI, chips and hardware, striving to break through technological bottlenecks and comprehensively enhance our independent innovation capabilities. We strictly implement the requirements of quality management systems such as IATF 16949 and ISO 9001, and have established a full-process quality control mechanism covering R&D, production and sales, which strongly supports the application needs of high-safety scenarios such as smart vehicles, safeguards passengers' travel safety, and makes intelligent life more convenient and secure.

Low-carbon Leadership, Green Development

We actively address climate change, comprehensively strengthen the development of our environmental management system, continuously promote energy conservation and consumption reduction as well as refined control of emissions, and advocate the concept of green office to comprehensively reduce carbon emissions and resource consumption, continuously enhancing our levels of green operations.

People First, Harmonious Progress

Adhering to the "people-oriented" philosophy, we provide employees with competitive remuneration and benefits, create a fair, inclusive and healthy working environment, and promote the mutual growth of employees and the Company.

Industrial Synergy, Shared Prosperity

We actively promote the development of a green supply chain, strengthen supplier lifecycle management and conflict minerals management, deepen industry collaboration, and proactively engage in social welfare initiatives, promoting industrial chain synergy and sustainable development.

Looking forward, we will continue to deepen our sustainable development strategy, and work hand in hand with customers, partners and other stakeholders to jointly build a more sustainable intelligent future.

About RoboSense 9

RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

Snapshot of Key Performance

GOVERNANCE

During the Reporting Period No

corruption litigation cases occured

Throughout the year

No

major information security incidents occured

Employee information security training coverage reached

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100%
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ENVIRONMENTAL

All factories maintained a 100% 100% compliance rate compliance with wastewater, exhaust gas and noise emission in terms of the three wastes discharge standards No administrative 0 penalties were imposed due to environmental accidents environmental violations

SOCIAL

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with a cumulative total of Annual occupational health and
safety target achievement rate
176 was
759
new patents
were granted patents granted 100%
Participated in the and
development of
7 national standards 2 national standards 1 industry standard
The Shenzhen headquarters and Shenshan production base passed As of the end of the Reporting Period,
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ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 45001

No

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and
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IATF 16949 material product returns, product recalls, product liability claims, warranty expenses or certification audits customer complaints occured with an average overall and an average quality Effective response rate for customer satisfacsatisfaction score of satisfaction score of tion survey was 95% 94.45 97 Nearly covering of employees and 500 training sessions 100% Board members A cumulative donation of were organized with a cumulative training duration with an average training time of nearly of approximately RMB 500,000 was made to a secondary 32,000 hours 17.5 hours per person school

About RoboSense 11

RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

Honor

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Award-Government and
Associations Award-Customers
Annual
National High-tech Technological
Enterprise Innovation Award
Award Shenzhen Science and Technology Award
GAC Group
Authority Innovation Commission Authority
GAIE's
Most Influential AI Outstanding Supplier
Enterprise Brand Award
Award Shenzhen International Artificial Award Zhejiang Youlu Robot Technology
Authority Intelligence Expo (AIIA) Authority Co., Ltd
Annual Robotics
Stand by Each
Industry Leader Award Other Award
Award Award Cainiao Network Technology Co.,
Shenzhen Robotics Association
Authority Authority Ltd
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Award-Media
36Kr East Forward
2025 Overseas
Gold Edison Globalization
Award - E1R Innovative Enterprise
Award Award
Edison Awards 36Kr
Authority Authority
2025 Zhijing Award (The
Third Session) China
The 10th Zhitong
Automotive Intelligent
Finance Listed Company
Innovation Technology Selection –
Selection Intelligent Driving
Most Valuable AI Company
Sensor Group - EMX
Award Award
Automotive Observer Zhitong Finance
Authority Authority
Gaogong Golden Globe 2025 "Shanghai Securities
Award – Mass Production News · Golden Quality"
Pioneer of the – Technology Innovation
Year – Digital LiDAR Rising Star Enterprise Award
Award Gaogong Intelligent Automotive Award
Shanghai Securities News
Authority Research Institute (GGAI) Authority
2025 AI
Annual List – AC2 Super
Sensor Solution
Award
QbitAI
Authority
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01 Efficient Compliance, Lean Operations

This section addresses the following ESG materiality issues:

Compliance on operation and anti-money laundering

Business ethics

Corporate governance and risk management Stakeholder communication Information security and privacy protection

In the competitive and evolving business environment, sound corporate governance serves as the solid foundation for RoboSense's sustainable development and fulfillment of social responsibility. We strictly comply with laws, regulations, and industry standards in the jurisdictions where we operate. By establishing and continuously enhancing our governance framework, we uphold compliance on operation, advance sustainable development, implement risk management and internal controls, adhere to business ethics, prevent corrupt practices, and ensure the security of information and protection of customer privacy, providing strong support for the Company's long-term and stable growth.

This section addresses the following relevant SDGs issues:

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RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

Corporate Governance

RoboSense strictly adheres to the Listing Rules issued by the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and applicable laws and regulations in the jurisdictions where we operate, establishing a clear, accountable, and inclusive governance structure. We continuously refine our systems to ensure sound decision-making and compliant operations, laying a solid foundation for sustainable development.

The Board of Directors serves as the core leadership, fully responsible for strategic guidance and oversight. Acting in the best interests of the Company as a whole, the Board sets the development strategies, supervises the implementation, regularly reviews the Group's operational and financial performance, and ensures the establishment of effective internal controls and risk management systems. To systematically strengthen governance efficiency, the Board has established four specialized committees: the Audit Committee, the Remuneration Committee, the Nomination Committee, and the ESG Committee, each entrusted with oversight of key governance domains.

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Board of Directors
Remuneration
Audit Committee Nomination Committee ESG Committee
Committee
Corporate Governance Structure
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Board Independence

The Board places strong emphasis on independence and diversity to ensure effective oversight and objective decision-making, thereby effectively safeguarding shareholders' interests.

Independent Directors accounting for

To continuously strengthen Board independence, the Nomination Committee conducts an annual assessment of the Board's independence, particularly that of the independent non-executive Directors, based on the Listing Rules and the Company's internal policies. The Remuneration Committee has explicitly determined not to grant performance-based equity compensation to independent non-executive Directors, reinforcing their independence. During the Reporting Period, all independent non-executive Directors submitted annual independence declarations, each confirming compliance with the required standards.

43%

a total of

Board meetings were 4 held during the year

with an average attendance rate of

During the Reporting Period, our Board consisted of seven Directors, including three executive Directors, one non-executive Director and three independent non-executive Directors, with independent Directors accounting for 43%. A total of four Board meetings were held during the year, with an average attendance rate of 100%, reflecting high engagement and effective performance.

100%

Board Diversity Policy

The Board recognizes the enhancement of diversity as a critical enabler for driving the Group's sustainable and balanced development and achieving its strategic objectives. We have established and implemented diversity policies, setting clear goals and defined pathways, and systematically evaluated Board composition across multiple dimensions, including professional background, expertise, experience, gender, age, and cultural diversity.

During the Reporting Period, the Board included two female Directors. Our target is to maintain at least one female representative on the Board and to advance gender diversity in mid-to-senior level talent recruitment. To achieve this, the Company will continue to strengthen resource allocation in talent acquisition, training, and promotion systems, adopting a systematic approach to enhance diversity across all levels, including the Board, thereby strengthening the overall effectiveness of corporate governance.

Board Member Composition

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Professional Expertise & Key
Skills Professional Background
Name Position Gender
Enterprise Accounting & Technology [Accounting & ]
Management Finance Finance
Qiu Chunxin Executive Director Male √ √
Liu Letian Executive Director Male √ √
Qiu Chunchao Executive Director Male √ √ √
Zhu Xiaorui Non-executive Director Female √ √
Independent non-
Liu Ming Male √ √ √ √
executive Director
Independent non-
Ng Yuk Keung Male √ √ √ √
executive Director
Independent non-
Yang Rixin Female √ √ √
executive Director
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Board Compensation Management

Executive Directors and senior management receive fixed compensation commensurate with their roles, along with performance-based variable incentives and long-term equity rewards. They also enjoy comprehensive social security and welfare benefits. For non-executive Directors and independent non-executive Directors, remuneration is directly based on the responsibilities they undertake (including their participation in Board committees), reflecting their oversight and strategic advisory functions.

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RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

Sustainable Development Management

Board Statement

RoboSense's Board of Directors adheres to the ESG Guide issued by HKEX and hereby makes the following statement:

As an AI-driven robotics technology company, RoboSense integrates the principles of sustainable development into its corporate strategy and daily operations. We actively assume environmental and social responsibilities to fulfill our mission of making "Safer world, Smarter life".

ESG Governance Framework

We regard ESG governance as the cornerstone of sustainable development. We have established a four-tier governance structure comprising the Board, the ESG Committee, the ESG Leading Group and the ESG Task Force. This structure clearly defines responsibilities across the entire value chain, from strategic decision-making and oversight to coordination and execution, ensuring that ESG management is embedded throughout all levels of the Group's operations and systematically advancing the achievement of our sustainability goals. During the Reporting Period, the ESG Committee convened two ESG-related meetings, providing overall guidance and strategic planning for the Company's ESG initiatives.

Governance Level

Main Responsibilities

Board Oversight of ESG Matters

The Board, acting as the highest-level ESG decision-making and governance authority of the Group, takes the ultimate responsibility for the Group's ESG reporting. It also authorizes the ESG Committee to assist the Board in strategic management and decision-making on ESG matters.

The ESG Committee, which is chaired by Executive Directors, is responsible for supervising the Group's ESG development goals, policies and strategies, discussing and reviewing ESG-related objectives and performance of the Group and reporting to the Board regularly. The ESG Committee has established the ESG Leading Group, headed by the Chief Financial Officer and comprising senior management from each department concerned with ESG issues. The ESG Leading Group is responsible for implementing the annual work according to the ESG management objectives, leading and monitoring ESG Task Force to carry out ESG work and report to the ESG Committee regularly. The ESG Task Force handles the daily management and overall coordination of ESGrelated matters and ensures the implementation and execution of ESG objectives.

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Decision-making level Board of Directors

Oversight level ESG Committee

The Board takes the ultimate responsibility for the Group's ESG reporting. It also authorizes the ESG Committee, which is chaired by executive Directors, to assist the Board in strategic management and decision-making on ESG matters.

The ESG Committee is responsible for supervising the Group's ESG development goals, policies and strategies, discussing and reviewing ESG-related objectives and performance of the Group and reporting to the Board regularly.

Board's ESG Policies and Strategies

The Board places emphasis on ESG-related risks and opportunities. Through stakeholder assessments, the Board identifies materiality issues and evaluates their potential risks and impacts on internal and external stakeholders, thereby clarifying strategic priorities. The Board has established robust risk management and internal control mechanisms to conduct regular reviews and monitoring of ESG progress, and is progressively integrating ESG risks into the Group's risk management framework, continuously enhancing the effectiveness of ESG governance.

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Management level ESG Leading Group

Operational level ESG Task Force

The ESG Leading Group is headed by the Chief Financial Officer and comprising senior management from each department concerned with ESG issues. It is responsible for implementing the annual work according to the ESG management objectives, leading and monitoring ESG Task Force to carry out ESG work and report to the ESG Committee regularly.

The ESG Task Force handles the daily management and overall coordination of ESG-related matters and ensures the implementation and execution of ESG objectives.

ESG Governance Structure

Board's Review of ESG Goal Progress

For material ESG issues, the Board has set both qualitative and quantitative targets. Progress toward these targets is monitored on a regular basis, with updates disclosed in subsequent sections, and actionable improvement plans and recommendations are developed and implemented. The Board will continue to oversee and review the formulation and progress toward the achievement of ESG-related targets, ensuring the sustainability and resilience of business development.

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RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

Stakeholder Engagement

We have established transparent, two-way communication mechanisms with stakeholders, utilizing multiple channels to consistently share information on our strategy, governance, and operations. This ensures stakeholders' rights to information and participation. Furthermore, stakeholder feedback and expectations are incorporated as critical inputs for identifying material ESG issues, refining management practices, and continuously enhancing the Group's overall sustainability performance.

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Stakeholders Topics of Concern Communication Approach
Employees' rights and interests and care Employee satisfaction surveys
Innovative research and development Training, team building activities
Talent attraction and retention Internal communication meetings
Employees
Intellectual property protection
Product quality and safety
Occupational health and safety
Customer service and satisfaction Customer complaints and handling
Information security and privacy protection Product survey feedback
Product quality and safety Account manager docking service
Customers Supply chain management
Intellectual property protection
Innovative research and development
Compliance on operation and anti-money
laundering
Procurement agreement, integrity
Occupational health and safety agreement, confidentiality agreement
Suppliers
Use of resources and energy emissions Supplier review and evaluation
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Stakeholders Topics of Concern Communication Approach
Water resource management On-site investigation
Supply chain management Supplier training
Product quality and safety
Suppliers
Intellectual property protection
Compliance on operation and anti-money
laundering
Management of hazardous substances and
Information disclosure
chemicals
Responding to climate change Daily communication and reporting
Occupational health and safety Supervision and inspection
Government/Regulatory Compliance on operation and anti-money
Investigation and research
authorities laundering
Corporate governance and risk management
Waste and pollutants
Business ethics
Management of hazardous substances and
Industry exchange conference
chemicals
Innovative research and development Press conference
Industry associations/
Waste and pollutants Community public welfare activities
Media/Public
Customer service and satisfaction
Product quality and safety Shareholder/Investor meeting
Prevention of child labor and forced labor
Shareholders/Investors
Information security and privacy protection
Intellectual property protection
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RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

Materiality Assessment

To ensure the relevance and effectiveness of ESG management, the Group has established a systematic materiality assessment process. Through ongoing stakeholder communication, internal interviews, and the distribution of materiality surveys, we conduct systematic identification and in-depth analysis of stakeholder expectations and requirements to identify, prioritize, and validate relevant ESG issues. On this basis, we have established a materiality matrix to clearly define the Group's key focus areas and strategic direction in sustainable development. During the Reporting Period, we identified a total of 25 ESG issues, comprising 15 highly material issues, 8 moderately material issues, and 2 ordinarily material issues.

We conduct our materiality assessment through the following steps:

Step 3: Step 2: Step 1: Validate Materiality Identify assessment of materiality ESG issues ESG issues assessment results Based on industry characteristics and We collected 239 responses from interTo ensure the accuracy and releour strategic directions, and by referring nal and external stakeholder groups vance of the assessment results, the to both domestic and international through stakeholderquestionnaires. materiality assessment results are ESG disclosure standards and the focus We evaluated the issues from two disubmitted to the Board and the ESG of stakeholders, we initially identified mensions: "importance for company 25 ESG issues highly relevant to our development" and "importance for Committee for final review and conbusiness operations and receiving stakeholders", and divided them into firmation to ensure they are aligned with the Company's sustainable designificant attention from both internal highly material issues, moderately velopment strategy and regulatory and external stakeholders. material issues and ordinarily material requirements. issues based on the results.

Moderately material issues

Highly material issues

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4.70 Management of hazardous
Compliance on operation substances and chemicals
and anti-money laundering Product quality and safety
Corporate governance and Occupational health
4.60 risk management and safety
Prevention of child labor and Innovative research
forced labor Customer service and development
4.50 Wastes and pollutants and satisfaction Intellectual property protection
Responding to climate change
Supply chain
management Employees' rights
4.40 Business ethics and interests and care
Stakeholder communication Talent attraction
Diversity and equal opportunity and retention
4.30 Use of resources and energy emissions Water resourcemanagement Talent training and development
Controversial procurement
4.20 Industry participation and
contribution
Community public welfare
4.10 Clean technology opportunities
Ordinarily material issues
4.00
4.30 4.40 4.50 4.60 4.70 4.80 4.90 5.00
Importance for company development
ESG Materiality Matrix Environmental Social issues Governance
issues issues
Information security
Importance for stakeholders and privacy protection
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ESG Materiality Prioritization of Issues

The importance of the topic

Environmental Social issues Governance issues issues

Materiality Matrix Category

Highly material issues

Management of hazardous substances 6 Innovative research and development 11 Information security and chemicals and privacy protection Product quality and safety 7 Intellectual property protection 12 Wastes and pollutants Prevention of child labor Occupational health and safety 8 13 Business ethics and forced labor Compliance on operation and anti9 Customer service and satisfaction 14 Talent attraction money laundering and retention Corporate governance Employees' rights and interests Supply chain 10 15 and risk management and care management

Moderately material issues

Controversial Stakeholder communication 19 Water resource management 22 procurement Diversity and equal opportunity 20 Use of resources and energy emissions 23 Industry participation and contribution Talent training and development 21 Responding to climate change

Ordinarily material issues

Community public welfare

Clean technology opportunities

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RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

Risk Mana ement g

To establish a robust risk management system, we have developed comprehensive risk management policies and procedures that clearly define responsibilities across key business processes, including project management, sales, finance, human resources, and information technology. Business units conduct regular internal control assessments to systematically identify potential risks in operations, finance, compliance, and information security, and ensure the effective implementation of control measures through annual self-audits.

Risk Control

We have established a risk management framework comprising the Board (Audit Committee), the management team, and the Internal Audit Department, with clearly defined roles and seamless coordination across all levels. This framework ensures the integrity of our risk management and internal control systems, supports the achievement of strategic objectives, and enables effective management of relevant risks.

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Level
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Key Responsibilities

Risk Management Process

We have established a robust risk management process. First, through interviews with key stakeholders and senior management, combined with material risks identified in risk assessments, we capture relevant risk themes and areas of concern. Second, these inputs are mapped against the full range of existing business processes in our audit risk database. By systematically analyzing and evaluating key risk factors, we generate relative risk ratings categorized by audit subject areas. Finally, we integrate risk prioritization with the available resources and professional capabilities of the internal audit team to develop the annual audit plan.

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Development Execution
Risk assessment
Risk identification of management strategy and improvement
Risk Management Process
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Based on the above assessment process, the high-priority issues identified during the reporting year include information security and trade secret protection, business ethics, accounts receivable management, and supply chain delivery. These high-priority issues are subject to dynamic monitoring and ongoing tracking of progress.

Internal Control

Responsible for assessing and determining the nature and level of risks the Company is willing to accept in pursuit of its strategic objectives, and for establishing and maintaining appropriate and effective risk management and internal control systems.

Assists the Board in leading the management team, and oversees the design, implementation, and monitoring of risk management and internal control systems. Board Conducts annual continuous review and supervision of financial reporting (Audit Committee) processes and internal control systems to ensure they effectively identify, manage, and mitigate risks in business operations.

Coordinates with department heads to assess the likelihood of risk occurrence, develop response strategies, monitor the progress of risk management, and report all assessment results and the effectiveness of the systems to the Audit Committee and the Board.

Management Team

Provides internal audit functions and conducts independent reviews of the adequacy and effectiveness of risk management and internal control systems. Responsible for evaluating the effectiveness of internal controls, continuously identifying deficiencies and weaknesses in internal controls to improve systems and processes.

Internal Audit Department

To continuously strengthen our internal control system, we conduct targeted audits in key risk areas that have been identified. The Internal Audit Department employs a systematic approach, focusing on assessing the adequacy and effectiveness of relevant management systems. At the same time, business units carry out regular internal control evaluations to identify potential risks affecting the Group's overall operations, financial reporting, compliance, and information security, thereby systematically enhancing the effectiveness of internal controls.

In 2025, we developed the 2025 Internal Audit Plan, which clearly defines the year's audit priorities and coordinates resource allocation, providing clear guidance for the continuous improvement of internal control activities.

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Risk Management Framework

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RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

Business Ethics

We are committed to maintaining a fair and ethical business environment, strictly complying with relevant laws and regulations, including the Anti-Unfair Competition Law of the People's Republic of China and the Provisional Regulations on Prohibition of Commercial Bribery. The Company regularly conducts integrity and compliance training and has established a confidential reporting mechanism with whistleblower protection. All information is strictly safeguarded, and any form of retaliation is strictly prohibited.

Business Ethics Management

We have established a multi-tiered governance structure for business ethics to ensure effective oversight and management of related risks.

Level Entity Members Key Responsibilities Primarily responsible for reviewing the effectiveness Highest Independent Directors of the Company's business ethics risk management Audit oversight and Non-Executive level Committee Directors framework, ensuring its independence, confidentiality, and operational efficiency, and receives reports on major cases investigated. Responsible for leading the development, review, Chairman, CEO, CPO, and approval of the Code of Business Conduct and Management Ethics and CTO, CFO, Head of Legal Ethics and related compliance policies, and reviewing decision Compliance Department, Head of major compliance risks, investigation outcomes, and -making level Committee HR Department remediation plans, to ensure compliance functions receive adequate resources and authority.

Reports functionally to the Audit Committee, conducts systematic assessments of the effectiveness of risk management, internal controls, and governance processes, Independent Internal Head of Internal Audit including business ethics and compliance, through audit assessment Audit Department level Department projects. Plays a leading role in investigations into financial fraud and major compliance violations. Identifies issues, proposes improvement recommendations, and tracks corrective actions.

Business Ethics Governance Structure

During the reporting year, we further revised the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, clearly defining behavioral standards for all employees, part-time staff, outsourced personnel, and suppliers. We maintain a "zero-tolerance" stance toward violations of business ethics. The Company prohibits hiring or promoting individuals who bear responsibility for corrupt practices. Additionally, we enforce integrity and anti-corruption agreements and related clauses with partners to jointly uphold a fair and ethical business environment.

Whistleblower Protection

We have established the Anti-fraud and Whistleblowing Incentive System, clearly outlining responsibilities and procedures for handling whistleblower reports, and encouraging employees to report misconduct such as bribery and corruption. The Internal Audit Department independently manages investigations into whistleblower cases and takes appropriate measures to ensure each report is properly addressed.

To broaden oversight channels, we publicly disclose complaint and reporting methods on our official website, enabling joint supervision from both internal and external parties. We encourage employees, customers, suppliers, and members of the public to report any regulatory or ethical violations, or actions that harm the Company's interests. We promote verified (named) reporting and have implemented a comprehensive whistleblower protection mechanism, strictly safeguarding the personal information and content of reports, and preventing any retaliation. During the Reporting Period, the Group did not experience any corruption-related litigation cases.

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Anti-Fraud Whistleblowing Channels
Email: [email protected] Feishu "Anti-Fraud Whistleblowing Platform" 24-Hour Hotline
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Business Ethics Training

To foster a working environment that values ethics and upholds compliance, we have established a multidimensional training system covering all employees and spanning their entire professional lifecycle. During the Reporting Period, we conducted two business ethics training sessions, continuously enhancing all personnel's understanding and commitment to the Company's ethical standards, and promoting a deep-rooted compliance culture.

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Business Secret Comprehensive Training
Training Specialized Compliance Employee Conduct
Protection & Integrity on the Code of Business
Title Training Standards Training
Conduct Seminar Conduct and Ethics
Required new employees
Focused on the latest Conducted specialized co-
Invited police officers with to complete courses on
extensive case-handling rvised the Code of Business pliance training, requiring
the Regulations on Employ-
experience to deliver on- Conduct and Ethics, further participants to sign a con-
ee Discipline and Behavior
site lectures and interactive clarifying anti-corruption re-
flict-of-interest declaration Management and Code
Training discussions, using real cases quirements and behavioral to strengthen awareness
of Busi ness Conduct and
Content to deepen participants' un- guidelines in interactions of integrity in duties, en-
Ethics, ensuring they under-
derstanding of commercial with suppliers, ensuring all suring adherence to ethical
stand and commit to the
secrecy compliance man- employees understand and principles in company deci-
Company's expectations on
agement and integrity risk comply with relevant stand- sion-making and manage-
integrity and ethical behav-
prevention. ards. ment.
ior upon onboarding.
Training
Annual Annual Annual Annual
Frequency
Target Board members and senior
Management personnel All employees New hires
Audience executives
Training
On-site & Online Online Online Online
Format
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Summary of Business Ethics Training

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RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

Information Security

RoboSense safeguards data and privacy across the entire value chain through a systematic approach to security governance. By implementing security practices that cover all employees and span all business operations, we establish a solid security foundation and transform our security strengths into sustainable market competitiveness.

Information Security Management System

The Company has established a three-tiered information security governance structure comprising decision-making, management, and execution. This structure includes the Information Security Committee, the Information Security Management Group, the Information Security Implementation Group, and the Information Security Incident Response Team, enabling end-to-end closed-loop management from strategic planning to daily operations.

Information Security Committee

Responsible for approving information security policies and guidelines, led by the Group Chairman, with members comprising senior management from various business units.

Information Security Management Group

Responsible for the detailed planning, maintenance, and daily management of the information security management system, and regularly reports progress to the Information Security Committee.

Information Security Implementation Group

Information Security Incident Response Team

Responsible for driving the implementation of information security policies and control measures, ensuring that management requirements are effectively executed within business operations.

Responsible for timely response and handling of information security incidents in accordance with established emergency plans.

Information Security Management Framework

In terms of information security system certification, the Company has established and continuously maintained an information security management system compliant with the ISO/IEC 27001:2022 standard. Additionally, the Company has achieved TISAX AL3 (Trusted Information Security Assessment Exchange) certification, meeting high industry benchmarks.

In the area of auditing and oversight, during 2025, we systematically conducted internal audits of the information security management system and underwent external assessments, including evaluations by clients and third-party certification bodies. No major information security deficiencies were identified during the Reporting Period, confirming the continued effectiveness and stability of the system, thereby providing reliable support for the Company's stable and sustainable business development.

Information Security Protection Mechanisms

The Company has established the core objective of "zero major information security incidents", and has built a management indicator system centered on service-level agreements (SLAs), including network availability. To systematically support this goal, we have implemented a four-tiered information security management system, fully aligning with the requirements of ISO 27001 and TISAX AL3 standards. During the reporting year, our security management achieved significant results, with no major information security incidents occurring throughout the year, successfully achieving zero data privacy breaches or major data leakage events.

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Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
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Foundational documents such as the Information Security Policy, the Information Security Management Manual, and the Statement of Applicability for Information Security, clearly defining management objectives and responsibilities

Process and standard documents including the Information Asset Risk Assessment Management Procedure and the Information Security Incident Management Procedure, specifying execution requirements for each management activity

Operational guidelines and detailed implementation rules such as the Data Center Management System and Network Equipment Security Configuration Management Strategy, providing specific instructions for operational procedures at each stage Operational records and templates including audit logs and training records, ensuring traceability and verifiability across the entire process

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Level 4
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Information Security Management System

To effectively implement information security policies, we adopt targeted management measures tailored to different external parties. For suppliers, we primarily require the signing of confidentiality agreements, mandate the use of designated channels for transmitting business documents, prohibit the sharing of sensitive information via public social media platforms, and require high-risk suppliers to additionally sign enhanced contractual clauses. For customers, we explicitly incorporate information security, cybersecurity, and privacy protection requirements into our contractual agreements, and leverage our internal management systems to ensure full compliance. We solemnly commit customer data will be strictly confidential, and will not be disclosed to any third party without prior authorization.

Information Security Training

RoboSense is committed to systematically enhancing employees' security awareness and defensive capabilities by establishing a comprehensive information security training system covering all staff. All new employees are required to complete mandatory information security training upon onboarding, ensuring they establish foundational security standards from the very beginning of their employment. Additionally, the Information Management Department and the Planning Department conduct regular security awareness campaigns and training sessions annually for all employees, deepening understanding of information security principles, behavioral guidelines, and risk prevention through policy interpretation and case analysis. During the Reporting Period, the training coverage rate for information security reached 100%.

Furthermore, we conduct regular simulation exercises and external testing to transform security awareness into practical response capabilities. In 2025, we organized a network outage emergency drill and carried out periodic phishing email simulation exercises to assess and enhance employees' emergency response and risk identification skills. Backup and recovery drills were performed for critical application systems, effectively ensuring system resilience. We also engaged third-party professional security institutions to conduct penetration testing, providing an external perspective to validate and strengthen the overall security defense system. Through these initiatives, the Company has established a complete closed-loop process of "awareness cultivation–simulation exercises–external validation", significantly enhancing the organization's overall information security protection capabilities.

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02 Innovation-Driven, Safeguarding Safety with Intelligence

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This section addresses the following ESG materiality issues: Product quality and safety Innovative research and development Customer service and satisfaction Intellectual property protection

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RoboSense takes innovation, quality and services as its core growth engines. Through forward-looking R&D, we break through technological boundaries; with precision manufacturing, we build a solid foundation of reliability; and by leveraging agile responsiveness, we deliver exceptional customer experiences. We are committed to fostering an open, collaborative and symbiotic industrial ecosystem, continuously creating safe and trustworthy long-term value for global customers.

This section addresses the following relevant SDGs issues:

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RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

Innovative Research and Development

The Group adheres to the innovative philosophy of "AI defines hardware, and hardware defines chips", establishing an R&D system driven by market demand and propelled by technological breakthroughs. With "full-stack in-house development + digital integration" as dual drivers, we have built an R&D organization and process management system covering the entire chain from basic research to product development, while accelerating technology transfer through industry-university-research collaboration mechanisms. Additionally, we have established a robust intellectual property protection system, continuously consolidating technological barriers and competitive advantages through patent portfolio and business secret management.

R&D System

By building a complete proprietary technology system covering underlying chips, key components and system algorithms, RoboSense deeply integrates the core transceiver modules of LiDAR into its self-developed chip platform. Leveraging the SPADSoC chip architecture and advanced packaging technologies such as 3D stacking and SiP, the Company has achieved a leap from traditional discrete design to a highly integrated solution. This strategy significantly enhances product performance, reliability and cost competitiveness, driving LiDAR technology to continuously evolve along the path of higher integration, lower power consumption and smaller form factors, thereby building a solid moat that balances technological leadership with industrial applicability.

Guided by its R&D strategy, the Group has identified two core R&D directions: first, deepening the native fusion of vision and depth information, striving to build real-time, high-precision 3D perception solutions to provide intelligent systems with more accurate environmental understanding capabilities; second, systematically expanding the proven technologies and experience in chip, digitalization and intelligence from the automotive sector to the intelligent upgrade of traditional industrial equipment across scenarios such as port automation, agricultural mechanization and smart logistics.

To support the implementation of its technology strategy, the Group continues to increase R&D investment, focusing on the vertical integration and innovative breakthroughs in core LiDAR technologies, and systematically building full-chain R&D capabilities spanning chip design, hardware architecture and algorithm optimization. In 2025, the Group's R&D investment amounted to approximately RMB 650 million, accounting for 33.3% of total revenue. Leveraging its robust R&D system, the Group has successfully launched multiple LiDAR product series with industryleading performance, setting benchmarks in key indicators such as ranging accuracy, resolution and anti-interference capability. These products are widely applied in key fields including ADAS driving, robotics, and smart transportation, providing global customers with exceptional perception and positioning solutions.

R&D Team Development

To systematically build R&D competitiveness, the Group continues to expand its talent pool through a dual-track approach of "highend recruitment + independent cultivation". Leveraging its three R&D centers in Shenzhen, Shanghai and Suzhou, strategically located in core areas of talent and industrial chains, the Group has formed an R&D layout covering key technology areas. As of the end of 2025, our R&D team is composed of 614 high-caliber tech talents, accounting for about 34.1% of our total workforce, of which 52.3% hold a master's degree or above. The team possess both top-tier academic backgrounds and extensive industry experience.

In terms of high-end talent recruitment, we launched the "Genius Robot" program in 2024, targeting top innovative talents in the fields of AI and robotics. Over two years since its implementation, the program has systematically cultivated future technology leaders through specialized training, job rotations and executive mentorship mechanism. In terms of independent cultivation, we have established university-enterprise collaborative training programs with institutions such as Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), selecting students for key positions in R&D, testing and mass production through project-based practice and corporate mentorship, thereby providing continuous support for the development of our technology talent pipeline.

To ensure R&D quality and innovation efficiency, the Group's RSLAB automotive laboratory cluster, accredited with ISO/IEC 17025, continues to strengthen its capabilities. To date, it has established 15 specialized testing laboratories, bringing together over 30 senior engineers and equipped with more than 200 sets of advanced testing equipment. In 2025, we added 12 new testing standards, expanding our cumulative testing capabilities to over 90 items, covering the full-chain validation of LiDAR from chips to solutions. In addition, leveraging the LIMS (Laboratory Information Management System), we have achieved full-process information management, enhancing testing efficiency and data traceability, thereby providing a solid and reliable technological foundation for the rapid iteration and large-scale deployment of high-level autonomous driving and embodied intelligence technologies.

Innovative Products

At a critical stage of rapid advancement in the intelligent driving and intelligent equipment industries, the Group integrates LiDAR hardware, AI, chips and embodied intelligence technologies to establish a multi-dimensional and synergistic product matrix. In 2025, we completed the technological accumulation and platform convergency from the R Platform, M Platform, E Platform to the EM Platform, driving the application of LiDAR products across all scenarios, including smart home courtyard services, urban unmanned delivery and high-level autonomous driving, while deeply extending into industrial safety scenarios.

In 2025

the Group's R&D investment amounted to approximately million 650

accounting for

33.3%

of total revenue

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RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

LiDAR hardware

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Short-range: Mass-produced the world's first Launched the first digital hemispherical LiDAR fully solid-state digital LiDAR for Airy on the R Platform. robots, E1R, which leverages the self-developed SPAD-SoC chip and 2D VCSEL chip to achieve high-precision digital detection. Currently, RoboSense is the only company in the industry to have achieved mass production of such products. Airy E1R

Mid to long-range: Successfully developed The new generation of mid to the world's first highlong-range LiDAR product MX precision mid to longon the M platform completed range digital LiDAR Fairy, all automotive-grade certifiachieving high-quality cation processes in 2025 and point cloud imaging officially entered the mass while reducing power production and delivery consumption. stage.

Long-range:

As the world's first thouOfficially launched and sand-beam ultra-longmass-produced the highrange digital LiDAR, EM4 performance digital LiDAR can precisely identifdistant EMX, ushering the industry small objects and secured into the era of customizable design wins from overseas digital LiDAR. and Chinese OEMs in 2025.

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MX
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EM4 EMX
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Fairy
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Technological innovation in embodied intelligence

AI

RoboSense's first embodied intelligence solution:

Designed specifically for robot developers, the AIReady ecosystem provides end-to-end support from data acquisition and model training to algorithm deployment through its open-source algorithm libraries and multi-scenario datasets, accompanied by a complete set of algorithm SDKs and toolchains, thereby forming an efficient data closed-loop system. Backed by continuous investment in multimodal perception algorithm R&D, this ecosystem significantly lowers the development barrier for robot perception algorithms. Its out-of-the-box development environment effectively addresses issues of sensor stacking and redundant development, accelerating the large-scale application and deployment of AI models in complex scenarios such as industry and home service, and promoting the rapid commercialization of the robotics industry.

Robotic vision:

Robotic sensing: Robotic vision: Officially launched the secReleased the secondprodond-generatio Deterous uct to the Active Camera Hand, Paert 2.0. It features platform for robotic vision, 20 degrees offreedom, a AC2. It is the industry's first 5 kg load capacity and 14 integrated super-sensor force sensors, forming an system combining dToF operational closed loop +stereo RGB cameras and with visual perception, IMU, capable of providing providing a highly flexible highly accurate depth, manipulation solution for image, and motion data— embodied intelligent roeither independently or bots. in fusion, delivering uniform and clear perception across the entire field.

As a robot equipped with a complete "brain" and "limb" system, it can autonomously perform observation, thinking and actions like a human. The core of this solution is driven by a "fast-slow dual system" and a multimodal operation large model, equipped with a high-degree-of-freedom Dexterous Hand and Active Camera series sensors. Through multimodal fusion perception combining vision, point cloud and touch, the robot can be applied to scenarios such as nighttime food delivery, and is being explored for applications in logistics, industrial and service sectors.

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Dexterous Hand Papert
2.0
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AC2
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AI-Ready Ecosystem

Embodied Intelligence Solution

Chip

As the world's first LiDAR receiving and processing SoC chip and the only product in the industry to pass AEC-Q102 certification, the SPAD-SoC chip adopts fullstack in-house developed technology, featuring high integration, high reliability and high performance, significantly improving signal processing efficiency.

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SPAD-SoC Chip
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The 2D VCSEL is the only mass-producible twodimensional addressable VCSEL chip in the industry that has passed AEC-Q102 certification. Its high integration reduces PCB footprint by 70%, effectively promoting the miniaturization of LiDAR and its automotive-grade mass production.

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2D VCSEL Chip
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Building on the significant breakthrough in back-end integration in 2024, we further achieved a deepened evolution of the chip-based architecture in 2025. On the receiving end, we successfully integrated photoelectric conversion functionality with digital processing capabilities into a single chip. On the transmitting end, we achieved component integration through advanced packaging technology, marking a new level of full-chain integration capability for the Company in the field of core LiDAR chips.

Group Product Matrix

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Application Scenarios Application Cases
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Based on the concept of "industrial safety radar", the Group provides customers in the industry with equipment status monitoring and regional intelligent security protection. Industrial Safety Among them, Safety Airy, as the world's first 3D safety LiDAR, combines high safety level, high performance and high reliability, elevating industrial safety protection from traditional twodimensional perception to the era of three-dimensional perception. Safety Airy

Together with the Navimow, the Group launched three product lines of lawn mowing robots—Navimow i2 LiDAR, Navimow i2 LiDAR Pro and Navimow H2 Series. Leveraging Smart Courtyard the omni-directional high-precision perception capability of the Airy Lite LiDAR, these products achieve comprehensive upgrades in navigation and obstacle avoidance capabilities. Delivery vehicles developed in collaboration with Coco Robotics, equipped with E1R, have Unmanned been deployed and applied in North America. The L4 unmanned delivery vehicles jointly Delivery launched with Neolix, powered by the Fairy LiDAR, have achieved mass production and delivery, enabling forward zero-blind-spot perception and driving intelligent breakthroughs in the "last 100 meters" of logistics.

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Neolix Unmanned Delivery Vehicle
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The Group provides differentiated solutions for different levels of autonomous driving. Among them, EMX supports L2 advanced driver assistance systems, while EM4 facilitates Intelligent the deployment of L3 autonomous driving. For L4 autonomous driving, EM4 and E1 form Driving a powerful combination, accelerating commercial mass production through long-range detection and near-field blind-spot coverage capabilities.

The Lingxi quadruped robot, developed in collaboration with China Mobile, is equipped Travel Assistance with the digital LiDAR Airy, enabling the robot with high-precision navigation, positioning for the Visually and intelligent obstacle avoidance capabilities. At the venue of the National Games for Impaired Persons with Disabilities & National Special Olympic Games, this solution successfully demonstrated an innovative approach to travel assistance for the visually impaired.

Intellectual Property Protection

The Group regards intellectual property management as the cornerstone of innovation and development, continuously transforming technological advantages into legal assets through systematic patent application and protection. We strictly comply with relevant laws and regulations such as the Copyright Law, the Patent Law and the Trademark Law, and have established a fullprocess management system covering patents, trademarks and copyrights, which clearly defines the requirements for intellectual property in the areas of application, maintenance, management and operation, ensuring its legality and validity. At the same time, we continuously monitor, evaluate and optimize relevant systems to enhance their applicability and effectiveness.

Intellectual Property Protection Mechanism

The Group adheres to the commitment of not infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, while actively protecting its own intellectual property rights from infringement. Should any suspected infringement of the Company's business secrets, patents or other intellectual property rights be identified, we will resolutely take enforcement measures through legal channels.

We have established a regular patent risk assessment mechanism covering the entire process from product conceptualization to prototype development. Our intellectual property team utilizes IncoPat, an efficient patent analysis tool, to perform FTO (Freedom to Operate) analyses, systematically evaluating patent risks, preventing legal disputes, market access restrictions or economic losses arising from patent controversies, to ensure products do not infringe on third party intellectual property rights, thereby effectively mitigating infringement risks.

R&D Project Initiation/Project RequirementsIP Director/IPR 1 The IP Department gets involved to understand

requirements and discuss technology 2 IPR + FTO Contact Person

Conduct search and analysis and issue the FTO report 3 If there are risks, the R&D Project Manager must be informed; if there are no risks, it is sufficient to inform the relevant R&D personnel for relay. Risk assessment and design for avoidance 4 Patent Risk Assessment Flowchart

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If there are risks, the R&D Project Manager must be informed; if there are no risks, it is sufficient to inform the relevant R&D personnel for relay.

In addition, our intellectual property team collaborates closely with R&D personnel throughout the full R&D lifecycle. Through in-depth communication, they grasp the technical essence of products and formulate and implement corresponding intellectual property protection strategies to ensure robust safeguarding of our technological innovations.

Innovative Applications of LiDAR Technology

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Intellectual Property Incentives

The Group attaches great importance to patent innovation incentives and the value realization of intellectual property, and has established systematic, differentiated and quantifiable the Management Measures of Patent Innovation to fully stimulate employees' creativity.

We have established a clear patent incentive mechanism: for patents that have been accepted or granted, rewards are distributed to inventors and designers on a quarterly basis; an annual "Patent Contribution Award" is conducted to recognize outstanding inventors based on dimensions such as technical quality and innovation contribution; and patent achievements are incorporated into key considerations for performance appraisal, professional title evaluation and promotion, with a differentiated incentive strategy that prioritizes authorized patents and invention patents.

As a National Intellectual Property Advantage Enterprise and a Guangdong Intellectual Property Demonstration Enterprise, we continue to deepen our presence in the field of intellectual property. During the Reporting Period, we were newly granted 176 patents globally. As of December 31, 2025, our cumulated total of granted patents reached 759, with steady improvement in patent quality, continuously driving the transformation of technological achievements into tangible value.

Intellectual Property Training

The Group continuously promotes the development of intellectual property capabilities among all employees, systematically carrying out multi-level and full-coverage intellectual property training activities to comprehensively enhance employees' compliance awareness and risk prevention capabilities. In 2025, we organized the Business Secrets & Information Security Training and Examination for all employees to advance the entire workforce's understanding and protection of the Group's intellectual property. At the same time, for new employees, the Company organizes monthly business secret training covering topics such as the basic intellectual property system, business secret protection requirements and compliance obligations, ensuring that new employees understand, respect and protect intellectual property rights from the moment they join. In addition, the Group leverages the "Cool Academy" online learning platform to achieve flexible and sustainable training, regularly providing courses related to intellectual property and business secrets, allowing employees to engage in self-directed learning anytime, anywhere.

From "LiDAR" to "Eyes of Robots", Case Strengthening Innovation Capabilities Through Intellectual Property

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Adhering to the innovation path of "building a technological foundation and achieving product breakthroughs", the Group has continuously tackled core technologies to address the industry pain point of "high cost per line" in the LiDAR field. It has successfully developed high-performance LiDAR products with up to 1,080 lines and a maximum detection range of 600 meters, significantly improving performance while lowering the application threshold.

Leveraging its deep expertise in the LiDAR sector, the Group has strategically expanded into the embodied intelligence sector, comprehensively advancing the development of robotic "eyes" products. To date, it has built a portfolio of over 1,900 patent families in major global markets, establishing a technology moat anchored by high-value patents. This has enabled a leapfrog development from intelligent driving perception to robotic vision applications, vividly illustrating a high-quality development paradigm driven by technological innovation to power industrial transformation.

Greater Bay Area: Strengthening Innovation Capabilities with Intellectual Property as Core Strength

Industry Standard Setting

With the mission of promoting high-quality industrial development, the Group leverages its large-scale practices in vehicle and vehicle-road coordination scenarios to transform its self-developed technological advantages into industry consensus, systematically advancing the development of a multi-tiered standard system and actively fulfilling its industry leadership responsibilities.

The Group has established a robust standardization management mechanism, formulating and implementing internal policies such as the Management Measures of Standardization and the Management Measures of the Standardization Technical Committee. We have also established the RoboSense Standardization Technical Committee to coordinate the strategic planning and project implementation of standardization efforts, ensuring systematic, professional and sustainable standardization work.

We have established a comprehensive standardization management mechanism. Through the establishment of the Standardization Technical Committee and in accordance with internal policies such as the Management Measures of Standardization, we systematically manage the entire lifecycle of standards, from project initiation, formulation and review to publication. Through the "R&D and Standardization Synchronization" mechanism, we incorporate standard conformity assessments at various stages of projects, and utilize the Technical Standards Library to ensure that the standards used are the latest and most effective, safeguarding product compliance with technical specifications from the source.

In 2025, we participated in the development of 7 national standards, 2 international standards and 1 industry standard, among which we acted as the leading entity for 2 standards and served as a core participating entity for 2 standards, covering key areas such as LiDAR products, laser safety and MEMS technology, fully demonstrating our technological leadership and collaborative innovation capabilities in the industry.

Technical Field

Standard Participation

LiDAR

Core participant in the development of GB/T 45500-2025 the Performance Requirements and Test Methods for Automotive LiDAR, the first automotive LiDAR standard in China and globally; led the development of the industry standard the Technical Requirements and Test Methods for Automotive Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) LiDAR; participated in the development of ISO/DIS 13228 Road vehicles—Test method for automotive LiDAR.

Laser Safety

RoboSense is a member of SAC/TC 284 the National Technical Committee on Laser Safety Standardization, and serves as an expert at IEC TC76, the International Electrotechnical Commission's technical committee on optical radiation safety. The Company has deeply participated in the development of several key domestic and international standards, such as the GB/T 7247 Safety of Laser Products Series Standards and the IEC 60825 Safety of Laser Products Series Standards.

MEMS Technology

At SAC/TC336 the National Technical Committee on Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems Standardization, RoboSense led the MEMS standardization working group for automotive applications, and led and participated in the development of standards related to core LiDAR scanning components and MEMS fundamentals, such as GB/T 44517-2024 Micro-electromechanical Systems (MEMS) Technology – Wafer Curvature and Cantilever Beam Deflection Test Methods for Residual Stress of MEMS Film and the Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Technology – MEMS Scanning Mirrors.

Standard Participation

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Leveraging its outstanding contributions in the field of standardization, the Group's technical strength and commitment to social responsibility have been highly recognized by the industry, earning it honors such as "2021-2025 Outstanding Working Group of SAC/TC 336" and "Excellence Innovation Organization (Enterprise)".

Awarding Authority

National Technical Committee on Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems Standardization

Quality Excellence

Product quality and safety are always the highest priority for the Group. Adhering to the quality policy of "quality first, continuous improvement, providing customers with first-class products and services", we have built a comprehensive and systematic quality assurance system to ensure outstanding reliability and consistency in every aspect from R&D and production to customer service, laying a solid foundation for exceptional product quality and strong customer trust.

Quality Management System

The Group strictly complies with laws and regulations such as the Law on Product Quality of the People's Republic of China, and has formulated internal management systems including the Company-level Management Manual and the Product Development Management Procedures. It has established a quality management system centered on the IATF 16949 and ISO 9001 standards, fully covering core business processes such as marketing, product R&D, supply chain management, manufacturing and customer service.

International Management System Certification

IATF 16949, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 45001, ISO 26262, ISO 27001, TISAX AL3, ISO 50001, ISO 21434, AEC-Q100, ANSI ESD S20.20-2021

Awarding Authority

2021-2025 Outstanding Working Group of SAC/TC 336

Product Certification

Human Eye Safety, CE-EMC, CE-GPSD, FCC, ICES, RCM, REACH, RoHS

Shenzhen Performance Excellence Management Foundation

Excellence Innovation Organization (Enterprise)

Quality Management System Certification

To continuously verify and enhance the effectiveness of the quality management system, we have established a regular and systematic internal and external collaborative audit mechanism.

•External Audit:

•Internal Audit:

In 2025, a professional team established by the Quality Department conducted comprehensive audits on core processes such as R&D, production and supply chain, ensuring that the processes not only comply with standards such as IATF 16949 and ISO 9001, but also effectively respond to customers' specific quality requirements. The audits revealed a declining trend in the number of issues identified in certain core business processes compared to 2024. For the identified opportunities for improvement, we have developed targeted plans and are driving systematic optimization through measures such as strengthening process monitoring, improving documentation systems and conducting targeted training. The Company also introduced the eLPA digital layered audit system, leveraging information technology to enhance the standardization and efficiency of front-line audits.

In 2025, the Group successfully passed a series of audits conducted by third-party certification bodies at its Shenzhen headquarters and Shenshan production base, including the ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and ISO 45001 integrated management system audits, as well as the IATF 16949 automotive quality management system audit. For the improvement items identified during the audit process, we established a rapid response and closed-loop management mechanism, and completed root cause analysis, corrective action implementation and effectiveness verification on schedule, further demonstrating compliance, effectiveness and continuous improvement capability of our quality management system.

Standardization-Related Awards

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Quality and Safety Assurance

The Group embeds the "Quality First" philosophy throughout the entire product value chain, covering all stages from concept design, R&D verification and supply chain to manufacturing and after-sales service. By establishing quality control touchpoints covering the full product lifecycle, we ensure that every process from purchase requests to after-sales meets high standards, enhancing product reliability and consistency while continuously delivering a safe and trustworthy value experience to customers.

During the product design and development phase, we adhere to the philosophy of "Quality is Derived from Design", translating customer requirements into highly reliable solutions through forward-looking planning and risk prevention. We strictly implement the Product Development Management Procedures, set quality gates from ML0 to ML7, conduct phased quality reviews, and adopt a "red/yellow/green" three-tier assessment mechanism to ensure design reliability from the source.

In manufacturing, we practice the "Do it Right the First Time" philosophy by adopting standardized operations, preventive controls and full participation quality assurance systems. We have established a comprehensive quality assurance system covering the entire process from raw material intake to finished product shipment, setting quality control points at critical processes and utilizing tools such as SPC to monitor process stability in real time.

For restricted and prohibited substances in products, we implement a full lifecycle management strategy. During the design phase, we incorporate all relevant laws, regulations and customers' specific requirements. At the supplier access stage, we require suppliers to provide complete material compliance reports. During mass production, we regularly collect and verify compliance documents submitted by suppliers to ensure that delivered products fully meet environmental regulations and customer standards.

In terms of product after-sales and risk management, in accordance with policies such as the Process for Handling Quality Problems after Sales, we apply the 8D method and VDA Field Failure Analysis (FFA) to thoroughly identify root causes, and have established standardized customer complaint response and tiered handling procedures to achieve closed-loop management from issue occurrence to resolution. At the same time, we have refined product recall contingency plans to ensure rapid response and handling. As of the end of the Reporting Period, no material product returns, product recalls, product liability claims, warranty expenses or customer complaints occurred.

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Failure Detection Detect and Eliminate the Root Case of Failure
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
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Problem-solving Process
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8D Problem Solving Method of After-sales Quality Problems

Quality Culture Development

The Group integrates the development of quality culture into its daily operations. By establishing a quality training and awareness system covering all employees, we continuously strengthen quality awareness across the organization, and extend quality concepts to the supply chain ecosystem, providing critical support for the continuous improvement of the Company's quality management.

In terms of internal training, we have established a quality training system that spans employees' career cycles. New employees are required to complete basic quality awareness training upon onboarding. In 2025, we adopted a hybrid model of "offline lectures + online assessments" and conducted a total of 5 specialized internal and external training sessions, covering core processes such as the Change Management and the Product Development Management.

In terms of professional capability enhancement, we actively introduce external professional resources. In 2025, we organized technical personnel to participate in external training such as CQI-17 Soldering System Assessment and MSA Measurement System Analysis, learning advanced industry quality management methods and experiences to provide new ideas and tools for continuous improvement.

In terms of supply chain quality empowerment, we extend quality management to the supplier system. For suppliers requiring improvement, we implement customized three-month enhancement plans with monthly reviews, and provide on-site training conducted by SQE. In 2025, we conducted 12 specialized training sessions for 3 key suppliers, covering practical tools such as 8D, FTA, 4M1E and change management. Through on-site guidance and case studies, we systematically enhanced the quality management capabilities of the supply chain.

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In 2025 In 2025
conducted a total of for we conducted
5 specialized internal 3 key suppliers 12 specialized training
and external training sessions
sessions
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High-quality Service

The Group adheres to the core philosophy of "Creating Value for Customers" and embeds the pursuit of "perfection" throughout the entire service process. Through policies such as the Market Research Management Procedures and the Customer Project Quotation Management Procedures, we standardize customer demand management, and continuously optimize processes, deepen professional capabilities and innovate service models, striving to exceed customer expectations in every detail and establish high-quality service as a strategic cornerstone for the Group's longterm development.

Customer Relationship Management

We are committed to building a diversified and efficient customer interaction system, establishing a closed-loop management mechanism from feedback to improvement, and continuously enhancing customer experience. The Company has formulated policies such as the Process for Handling Quality Problems after Sales, established multiple complaint channels including telephone hotline, official website message and dedicated email, and created a standardized Customer Complaints Quality Information Collection Form to record and collect customer feedback. By building a communication network covering multiple touchpoints, we ensure that customer needs are promptly identified and accurately responded.

~~Innovation-Driven, Safeguarding S~~ afety with Intelligence 43

RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

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Online
Public email, hotline, office software, e-commerce platforms, official media channels
Offline
Client visits, industry press conferences, officially authorized printed materials
Customer Communication Channels
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In terms of response, we strictly implement the time standards set out in the Process for Management of On-site Service of After-Sales Customers to ensure that the technical support team arrives at the site promptly to carry out issue identification, analysis and necessary product return or replacement procedures. For major quality issues, we have established a direct management escalation mechanism, allowing customer feedback to be reported directly to the decision-making level, ensuring that critical issues receive high attention and rapid response.

Throughout the entire complaint handling process, we follow the standardized procedure of "receipt – investigation – feedback – rectification – follow-up". We are committed not only to resolving immediate issues, but also to driving systematic improvements through root cause analysis. We regularly review customer feedback data and transform it into important references for product optimization, service enhancement and process iteration, truly achieving customerdriven continuous improvement and transforming service experience into the Company's core competitiveness.

Responsible Marketing

The Company attaches great importance to the compliance and accuracy of its marketing activities. Strictly complying with relevant laws and regulations such as the Advertising Law of the People's Republic of China, the Anti-Unfair Competition Law of the People's Republic of China and the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Consumers, we ensure that all external information is accurate, standardized and trustworthy through standardized content review, systematic marketing training and strict information disclosure processes, fulfilling our commitment to being responsible to customers and society.

In terms of standardization development, we uniformly formulate and continuously update standard introduction templates, promotional language and materials for the Company and its products, ensuring consistency and standardization of external information. Additionally, to continuously enhance the professional competence of our service team, the Group has established a regular training system for sales personnel, requiring all newly recruited sales staff to undergo systematic customer profiling and service-specific training, gaining a comprehensive understanding of product performance and usage scenarios while enhancing their insights into customer needs, ensuring that they provide accurate and professional information services to customers. In 2025, the Group conducted more than 150 internal marketing training and empowerment sessions for business personnel, and no false marketing incidents occurred.

In addition, we have established an external information disclosure system, implementing differentiated management based on information sensitivity and disclosure targets. All external information output must undergo internal review in accordance with the Company's information management system. For major sensitive information or regulatory-related information, a strict process involving multi-department joint review and final approval by the Information Disclosure Committee or the Board is implemented, ensuring the accuracy and verifiability of information and effectively safeguarding the right to know of various stakeholders.

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In 2025, the Group conducted more than internal marketing training and empowerment sessions for business per150 sonnel

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Customer Satisfaction

Through systematic research mechanisms and a continuous improvement closed loop, the Company continuously enhances customer experience and partnerships. In accordance with the Customer Satisfaction Control Procedures, we conduct systematic comprehensive satisfaction surveys annually to supply customers and strategic key customers, adopting a combination of questionnaire surveys and internal data statistics. The survey comprehensively covers key dimensions such as product quality level, on-time delivery rate and customer complaint handling timeliness, based on which a comprehensive satisfaction survey score is formed. Separately, we conduct dedicated research on customer satisfaction regarding product quality, comprehensively evaluating major customers through three dimensions: customer satisfaction questionnaires, internal quality data analysis and customer scorecards.

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2025 Target Score 2025 Actual Score
Effective Response Rate
Overall Satisfaction 95% 94 94.45
Quality Satisfaction 95% 94 97
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2025 Satisfaction Survey Results

For issues identified through the research, we have established a robust closed-loop management mechanism covering the entire process from problem identification, root cause analysis, to measure implementation and effectiveness tracking. In terms of product quality, we actively promote product upgrades, such as facilitating the transition from the MX project to the EMX model with superior performance in client projects, significantly enhancing customer recognition of product performance. In terms of service responsiveness, we communicate thoroughly with customers regarding changes in a timely manner to ensure that change items are approved and recognized by customers.

As the concept of sustainable development deepens, the Group continues to enhance its comprehensive performance as a supplier in the ESG aspects of the supply chain. Faced with ESG assessments conducted by key customers through online systems, as well as overseas customers adopting social responsibility questionnaires as an important criterion for supplier access, we have established a cross-departmental collaboration mechanism to systematically respond to customers' various ESG assessment needs. Looking ahead, we will further promote the systematization and processoriented management of ESG, fully integrating sustainable development requirements into customer relationship management, continuously enhancing partner confidence and co-creating long-term value.

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No false marketing incidents occurred

~~Low-carbon Leadership,~~ Green Development

RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

03 Low-carbon Leadership, Green Development

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This section addresses the following ESG materiality issues:

Waste and pollutants

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Management of hazardous substances and chemicals Use of resources and energy emissions Water resource management Responding to climate change Clean technology opportunities

RoboSense adheres to its environmental policy of "Dedicated to Environmental Protection, Conservation of Resources, and Continuous Improvement". It is committed to reducing emissions and pollution across all stages of its operations. Through the implementation of multiple energy-saving technological upgrades, we have effectively minimized our environmental footprint. At the same time, we actively promote green office practices and climate emergency response plans, significantly enhancing the environmental resilience and sustainability performance of our operations. RoboSense proactively assumes ecological responsibility and contributes to the realization of the sustainable development goals.

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This section addresses the following relevant SDGs issues:

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Environmental Mana ement g

In building our environmental management system, RoboSense strictly complies with applicable laws and regulations in the jurisdictions where we operate, including the Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China, Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China, Noise Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China, and Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes. We have established and implemented internal management systems such as the Environmental Protection Management Requirements and Procedures for Environmental Management of Infrastructures and Processes, thereby establishing a robust environmental management and supervision framework. Regular reviews and updates are conducted on the implementation of laws, regulations, and internal policies.

We are actively advancing environmental management system certification. During the Reporting Period, our subsidiary, Suteng Innovation Technology Co., Ltd. ("Shenzhen Suteng"), successfully obtained ISO 14001 Environmental Management System certification. Additionally, it established an energy management system in accordance with GB/T 23331-2020 and achieved the corresponding certification, enabling standardized, dual-system operation in environmental and energy management.

Key Performance

Zero[environmental accidents]

No administrative penalties

imposed for environmental violations

Energy Conservation and Consumption Reduction Management

The Group is committed to systematically advancing energy management by enhancing management-driven energy savings and implementing energy-saving technological upgrades across multiple fronts, continuously improving energy and resource utilization efficiency, and advancing the sustainable development philosophy of environmental friendliness.

In addition, to reduce electricity costs, meet supply chain carbon management requirements, and deepen sustainable practices, the Company is gradually increasing the proportion of green power usage. The Shenshan factory is actively planning and applying for green factory certification. Going forward, we will continue to promote the adoption of green energy, further reducing our operational carbon footprint.

Energy Conservation Management Measures

Case Name

Measures

Adopt variable-frequency constant-pressure and intelligent control systems to dynamically adjust the pump speed in accordance with actual water demand and supplement pressure by utilizing the existing pressure of the pipe network. Compared with the traditional mode where the energy utilization rate stands at 60%-70%, this system can raise the rate to above 90%. Coupled with a constantpressure water replenishing device to maintain stable pressure, the overall energy consumption is reduced by 15%-25%.

Frequency Conversion Renovation of Roof Water Supply System

Properly relax the control precision of temperature and humidity on the premise of meeting process requirements. Relaxing the temperature precision by 1℃ and the relative humidity precision by 5% in summer can both reduce the cooling load of air conditioners by approximately 5%, realizing energy-saving operation.

Precision Optimization of Workshop Temperature and Humidity

Establish an electronic ledger for electric energy meter reading. Through daily, weekly and monthly energy consumption trend analysis, support the evaluation of energy-saving measures' effects and the accounting of energy consumption indicators, so as to provide a basis for energy-saving plans.

Informatization of Electric Energy Management

When cooling is required in the transition season and winter, increase the fresh air ratio or adopt the full fresh air mode based on outdoor parameters, and prioritize natural cooling. The variable-frequency air system adjusts the frequency between 75% in summer and 35% in winter according to the load rate, so as to conserve energy and reduce consumption.

Seasonal Optimization of Air Conditioning Systems

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Emissions Mana ement g

RoboSense places high importance on the management of all types of emissions generated during operations, adhering to full-process control, from source prevention and process monitoring to compliant disposal. During the Reporting Period, we achieved 100% compliance with emission standards for exhaust gases and noise. All types of waste were properly classified, stored, transferred, and disposed of in accordance with regulations, effectively minimizing environmental impact. During the Reporting Period, the Group did not experience any major environmental violations and penalties.

Wastewater Management

The Group strictly complies with national discharge standards and has established stringent wastewater treatment procedures. Wastewater primarily originates from domestic and laboratory wastewater. Laboratory wastewater, generated from the unpacking and dissolution process, is strictly prohibited from direct discharge into the sewage system. Instead, it must be collected in dedicated storage containers and regularly entrusted to qualified third-party organizations for compliant treatment, ensuring no pollution to water bodies. In addition, we are actively introducing advanced manufacturing processes to advance the goal of achieving zero wastewater discharge.

Waste Management

The Group sorts, collects, stores, transfers, and disposes waste in compliance with laws and regulations to ensure proper treatment and recycling. Waste types primarily include non-hazardous waste and hazardous waste. Relevant management measures are as follows:

These mainly include general industrial solid waste such as waste paper and packaging materials, as well as office domestic waste. In accordance with the HSE Labeling Management Provisions, we have enhanced employees' awareness of waste classification. Recyclable materials are sold or outsourced for processing, while non-recyclable waste is uniformly collected and transported by sanitation authorities.

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Non-
hazardous
waste
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They mainly cover waste glue/ethanol containers, oil or chemical-contaminated waste rags, and other similar wastes. We strictly implement the hazardous waste management system, sort and temporarily store such waste in dedicated warehouses, and entrust all of it to qualified third-party organizations for compliant transfer and disposal.

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Hazardous
waste
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Exhaust Gas Management

We strictly comply with emission standards for exhaust gases, strengthening source control and conducting continuous monitoring of emissions across operational processes. In accordance with relevant national standards, including the Determination of Particulates and Sampling Methods of Gaseous Pollutants Emitted from Exhaust Gas of Stationary Source (GB/ T 16157-1996) and Technical Specifications for Emission Monitoring of Stationary Source (HJ/T 397-2007), we regularly engage qualified third-party organizations to monitor VOCs and other pollutants in exhaust emissions. Based on the monitoring results, we continuously optimize emission control measures to further reduce pollutant discharges. During operation, we prioritize the use of electric vehicles for cargo operation within the park to further reduce exhaust gas emissions.

Case Comprehensive Management of Organic Exhaust Gas in the Production Factory

To address VOCs generated from glue and anhydrous ethanol during production, we source eco-friendly glue with a VOC content of less than 10% at the procurement stage and optimize production processes to reduce consumption. Gas collection hoods are installed at emission points to capture exhaust gas, which is then treated by a two-stage activated carbon adsorption system. In addition, we regularly entrust qualified thirdparty organizations to conduct monitoring on an annual basis to ensure the effectiveness of pollution control.

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Noise Management

The Group has established a full-process management system for noise emission control, covering source prevention to process monitoring. Through scientific workshop layout planning and the prioritization of low-noise equipment, we reduce noise generation at the source. Regular maintenance and inspections are conducted to ensure that abnormal noise levels are promptly identified and addressed. During the Reporting Period, noise levels within the factory premises were effectively controlled, with average sound pressure levels maintained at approximately 70 dB(A), achieving environmentally friendly, low-noise operations.

Hazardous Substance Management

We implement strict whole-process management. Taking anhydrous ethanol, a major hazardous chemical used in the factory, as an example, we have established a closed-loop control mechanism covering procurement to usage: During the procurement and evaluation stage, suppliers are required to provide complete qualifications and safety data sheets (SDS) for chemicals. In the storage phase, dedicated explosion-proof cabinets and intermediate hazardous chemical warehouses are used to ensure safe storage. During the usage process, especially for various controlled chemicals involved in laboratory operations, all relevant filings are completed in accordance with the requirements of public security authorities, and the "two-person, two-lock" management system is strictly enforced, realizing the controllable, traceable and safe use of hazardous substances.

Exhaust Gas Treatment Facility in the Factory

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Green Office

In green office management, we have established documents such as the Building Inspection Standards and Guidelines to ensure regular maintenance and inspection of the office environment. In 2025, we launched the Call to Action: Energy and Resource Conservation Starts with Me, a comprehensive initiative to systematically guide all employees in adopting environmentally responsible behaviors, including energy saving, water conservation, and paper reduction.

Turn off the tap while lathering with soap to avoid unnecessary water flow Turn off the tap immediately after use to eliminate water wastage and prevent leaks, drips, or overflow Report any malfunctioning water equipment promptly to the Administrative Department for timely repair

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Water Conservation

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Energy Conservation
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Turn off lighting promptly: Employees who leave the office or meeting rooms last should ensure all lights are switched off to eliminate the occurrence of "lights left on unnecessarily"

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Rational use of air conditioning:

Set cooling temperature to no lower than 24° C in summer

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Set heating temperature to no higher than 28° C in winter

Turn on air conditioning only when necessary, based on outdoor weather conditions Turn off the air conditioner in the area promptly after work every day

Timely shutdown of computer equipment:

Turn off computer power immediately upon leaving the office, even for brief absences. Completely power down computers when away from the desk for more than two hours

During the reporting year, we have advanced a series of concrete initiatives in resource recycling and standardized waste management and green procurement. Through these measures, we continue to reduce the environmental footprint of office operations and strengthen employees' awareness of green office.

Green Office Practices

For lighting energy conservation, LED luminaires with a luminous efficacy of ≥100 lm/W are selected. Combined with zoning control and occupancy sensing, as well as timer switch functions, the brightResource Conservation ness is adjusted in accordance with production process requirements and staff activity patterns. In 2025, across the Company's three factory buildings, and on the premise of ensuring normal and Recycling production and operation, public areas such as corridors were converted to half-power lighting, reducing lighting electricity consumption by 50%. Waste Hazardous waste generated from office operations, such as used batteries and fluorescent tubes, is uniformly deposited at designated recycling points within the park and entrusted Classification Managementand to qualified third-party organizations for professional treatment. When procuring office furniture, environmentally friendly materials are prioritized, and Green Procurement the environmental qualifications of suppliers are evaluated to control pollutants such as formaldehyde at the source. and Source Reduction We actively promote packaging standardization to reduce the variety and consumption of packaging materials and improve resource utilization efficiency.

to Climate Chan e Responding g

The Group regards responding to climate change as a core component of its sustainable development strategy. To enhance operational resilience and climate adaptability, we have formulated Typhoon Emergency Disposal Plan, Emergency Plan Control Program and other relevant procedural documents. We have also set up a natural disasters emergency response team to coordinate command, evacuation, and rescue operations during extreme weather events. Building on this foundation, we have implemented a standardized, actionable emergency response framework to ensure orderly and efficient actions during climate-related incidents.

Looking ahead, we will continue to strengthen our climate governance mechanisms by systematically identifying and assessing climate risks, conducting climate scenario analyses, and developing climate adaptation strategies. We will also deepen the assessment of climate-related financial impacts and disclose progress in a timely manner.

Case Typhoon "Ragasa" Emergency Response Plan

Paper Reduction

Prioritize digital and electronic communication

When printing is necessary, prioritize the use of black-and-white, double-sided printing mode Review print settings and document formatting before printing to avoid errors and unnecessary reprints

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In 2025, to effectively defend against Typhoon Ragasa, we activated the emergency response plan in advance. Prior to the typhoon's arrival, safety reminders were issued to employees repeatedly via company and departmental notices, emphasizing safety precautions during commuting and at home. During the early typhoon season, the logistics support team fully applied explosion-proof films to the glass of office buildings, placed sandbags in flood-prone areas to prevent water backflow, and conducted a systematic inspection, reinforcement and secure locking of all doors and windows throughout the buildings to fully eliminate potential risks. This has effectively safeguarded the safety of personnel and the office environment during the typhoon.

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52 RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report
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People First, Harmonious Progress

This section addresses the following ESG materiality issues:

Employees' rights and interests and care Diversity and equal opportunity Talent attraction and retention Occupational health and safety Prevention of child labor and forced labor Talent training and development

RoboSense treats the talents as the core driving force of our new quality forces, establishing a market-competitive remuneration and benefits system to effectively safeguard employee rights. The Company provides systematic training and diverse development pathways to support employees' capability enhancement and career progression. It also establishes smooth feedback mechanisms and two-way communication channels, striving to create an open, equal, and caring workplace ecosystem.

This section addresses the following relevant SDGs issues:

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Compliant Employment

The Group upholds compliance and equal employment, strictly adhering to laws and regulations such as the Labor Law of the People's Republic of China and Labor Contract Law of the People's Republic of China. It has established internal management regulations including the Management Measures for Recruitment, the Management Measures for the Probation Period of New Employees, and the Management Measures for Interns. In 2025, the Group further refined the RoboSense Social Responsibility Management System, systematically establishing a comprehensive institutional framework covering the entire lifecycle of recruitment, employment, and development. The system explicitly prohibits discriminatory behavior due to gender, age, race, nationality, religious beliefs or other social/personal factors, ensuring all employees and candidates enjoy equitable employment opportunities.

The Group strictly complies with the International Bill of Human Rights and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, prohibiting child labor and forced labor. Regular compliance reviews and risk assessments are conducted for employment practices. Candidate identity verification is implemented during recruitment to manage risks at the source, while transparent promotion and meritevaluation mechanisms are established, supported by personnel development records to ensure full compliance with employment standards. During the Reporting Period, the Group have not experienced any incidents of child labor or forced labor or any material labor dispute, demonstrating effective implementation of these systems.

Based on job profiling and organizational development needs, the Group formulates annual recruitment plans categorized by level and type. Talent acquisition is expanded through four channels, namely campus recruitment, social recruitment, internal referrals, and re-hiring of former employees. The Human Resources Department collaborates with relevant departments to build job demand models, leveraging talent pool and formed candidate profiles, thereby achieving efficient alignment between talent reserves and job requirements. The Group-level recruitment system supports multi-platform access and real-time data dashboard monitoring, enhancing the scientific rigor of decision-making.

"Genius Robot" Talent Program

Case

In 2024, the Group launched the "Genius Robot" talent program, aiming to globally recruit top young talents with innovative spirit and potential to contribute to cutting-edge fields such as AI and robotics. Through specialized training, cross-departmental rotations, and executive mentorship, the program systematically cultivates future technology leaders. By 2025, one outstanding young talent had been successfully attracted, marking a breakthrough in high-end talent acquisition and development.

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The Group continues to advance campus recruitment branding, centered on the values of "Innovation, Perfection, Simplicity and Pragmatism ". We cultivate a distinctive employer brand image through initiatives like the "RoboSense Observation Diary" and "Campus Recruitment Guide" series, which precisely convey corporate culture and strengthen emotional connections with students. Each recruitment presentation event features business experts, alumni representatives, and HR teams to provide personalized career guidance. In process optimization, we systematically upgraded the application interface to support real-time progress tracking and introduced an AI interview assistant to automatically generate interview summaries, enhancing process efficiency. Recruitment dashboards are also utilized to analyze conversion data and further refine the hiring process. In 2025, the Group offered over 80 campus recruitment positions across six categories, conducting nine on-site and two online sessions across more than ten cities in China, Singapore, the UK, and North America.

In 2025, the Group received multiple authoritative recognitions, including the "2025 N Future Favorite Employer of Tech Talents for School Recruitment" from Nowcoder, the "2025 Sirius HR Awards – Most Popular Employer Brand Among University Students" and "Best Employer Brand in High-Tech Enterprises" awards, as well as Maimai's 2025 MAX "Top Companies to Work for" annual employer ranking. These accolades highlight the Group's leading advantages in talent attraction and employer brand construction.

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"Most Popular Employer Brand Among University Students" Award

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"Best Employer Brand in High-Tech Enterprises" Award

Nowcoder's "N Future Favorite Employer of Tech Talents"

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Compensation and Benefits

The Group is committed to fostering a comfortable and inclusive workplace environment. We have established a compensation and benefit system benchmarked against market standards and oriented towards capability and contribution. This system includes basic salaries, performance bonuses, sales commissions, and multi-tiered equity incentive plans, ensuring alignment between employees' efforts and rewards. Statutorily mandated benefits include six types of insurance and one housing fund (pension insurance, unemployment insurance, work injury insurance, maternity insurance, medical insurance, supplementary commercial medical insurance, and housing provident fund), comprehensively safeguarding employees against life-related risks. Notably, commercial insurance emphasizes enhanced critical illness coverage, with sick leave pay increased from the statutory 60% to 80%, further strengthening employees' welfare protection and risk resilience.

The Company deeply integrates individual performance with organizational strategy, establishing a performance evaluation mechanism covering all employees to ensure comprehensive assessments and transparent processes. Performance outcomes are linked to compensation incentives, including annual target performance bonuses for full-time employees, commission mechanisms for sales and marketing personnel, and year-end bonuses for all employees. To reflect differentiated incentives, we offer diverse incentive plans, such as independent project awards tailored to specific departments. For instance, sales and R&D positions have dedicated reward mechanisms, while core high-performing talents are retained through long-term equity incentive plans, enhancing employees' sense of belonging. Additionally, occupational health and safety metrics are incorporated into executive performance evaluations, reinforcing management accountability and embedding safety culture into operational practices.

Employee Benefits

The Group prioritizes employee well-being by establishing a care mechanism centered on welfare. Annual welfare health physical examinations are conducted, with differentiated medical packages tailored to the needs of male and female employees. A dedicated care and consolation mechanism is in place for employees suffering from critical illnesses. High-temperature subsidies are provided in summer, and benefits such as wedding and childbirth shopping cards are distributed, alongside festive gifts to cultivate a warm workplace atmosphere. In 2025, we further deepened health initiatives by launching free dental health consultations and traditional Chinese medicine diagnostic and therapeutic activities. Additionally, we initiated a major disease care program, donating approximately RMB 100,000 to safeguard employees' physical and mental well-being.

We allocate special funds for team-building activities annually to strengthen collaboration and team cohesion. Diverse interest-based clubs, such as basketball, photography, and calligraphy clubs, enrich employees' leisure time and support their holistic development. We advocate work-life balance, striving to create a positive workplace culture that continuously enhances employees' happiness and satisfaction.

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RoboSense Organizes Various Club Activities

We place significant emphasis on the care and development of female employees, actively building platforms to empower them. We strictly adhere to relevant laws and regulations, fully implementing rights protections such as prenatal leave, maternity leave, and breastfeeding leave. During Women's Day celebrations, we address female employees' needs by providing exclusive gifts and organizing shopping parties, significantly boosting their satisfaction and sense of belonging. These initiatives have become key components of our corporate culture.

Case RoboSense Women's Day Special Care Activities 2025

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To practice inclusiveness and employee care, RoboSense launched the "Shine Because of You" tribute campaign for female employees during International Women's Day 2025. Exclusive gift packages were distributed to all female staff, celebrating and recognizing their contributions. Additionally, a L'Oréal cosmetics shopping party was held, offering discounted prices and limitededition gifts.

RoboSense International Women's Day 2025 Gift Packages

Case

RoboSense Free Dental Consultation 2025

On September 11, 2025, RoboSense's Administrative Department collaborated with Taikang Bybo Dental to provide employees with free dental consultation services. The event, held at the Shenzhen headquarters, included complimentary consultations and thoughtful gifts. Employees presenting their staff ID cards at Taikang Bybo Dental's Buji or Yuanling clinics received exclusive discounts.

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Career Development

The Group is committed to employees' long-term growth, striving to comprehensively enhance job competency through a systematic talent development framework. We design diverse talent development programs tailored to different groups and job levels, aiming to empower each employee precisely, unlock their full potential, and align individual growth with organizational progress. In 2025, we organized nearly 500 training sessions in both online and on-site formats, accumulating approximately 32,000 training hours. The average training time per employee reached 17.5 hours, reflecting a more optimized training structure and higher efficiency compared to 2024, marking a positive transition from scale expansion to quality improvement.

For new employees, we offer the specialized "Acceleration Creation Camp" program for campus recruits and customized onboarding training for experienced hires. Through pre-job intensive training, cultural integration, product knowledge sessions, and role-specific learning plans, we help newcomers adapt quickly to the workplace. Personalized learning plans are also developed to holistically enhance their competencies. Additionally, monthly welcome events and mandatory onboarding training sessions are held to foster communication and collaboration, while our mentorship program is continuously refined through rigorous mentor selection and evaluation to ensure professional guidance throughout the onboarding process.

"Acceleration Creation Camp" Training for New Employees

Training Content Phase

Conduct two phases of "Acceleration Creation Camp" group training, including special training Integration contents such as role change, product business, system process, team building, etc. The average Phase training time per person is nearly 40 hours.

Preparation Through mentorship, learning plans, job rotation (if applicable), and factory internships (if Phase applicable), campus recruits complete role adaptation and transition to formal positions.

By conducting talent assessments, high-potential talents are identified. IDPs (Individual Deepening Development Plans) are developed for these talents, with a focus on accelerating their professional Phase capabilities and career development.

Campus recruits gain opportunities to participate in cross-functional projects, lead small teams, Breakthrouor serve as project module representatives, enabling professional breakthroughs and fostering gh Phase independence as core contributors.

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We place significant emphasis on career development, continuously improving our comprehensive promotion system with regular performance-based promotion evaluations. Annual promotion evaluations broaden career pathways, while our internal talent mobility mechanism facilitates competitive recruitment for roles such as project technical management and product managers. Employees are encouraged to pursue cross-functional opportunities aligned with their interests and capabilities, unlocking potential, enhancing organizational efficiency, and fostering a dynamic workplace ecosystem.

For newly promoted managers, we have launched the "Departure Class" project, dedicated to supporting their smooth transition to leadership roles and enhancing their leadership capabilities and managerial expertise. For high-potential talents, we have designed a specialized training program to accelerate their growth and development. In 2025, we systematically conducted five quality-focused training sessions for all employees, covering topics such as Change Management, eLPA Digital Layered Process Audit, Product Development Management, CQI-17 Soldering System Assessment (external training), and MSA Measurement System Analysis (external training). These initiatives significantly enhanced quality awareness and professional capabilities, providing strong support for continuous quality optimization and system strengthening.

In 2025, we continue to build departmental knowledge repositories and upgrade our online learning platforms, guiding departments to establish structured onboarding plans supported by rich self-directed learning resources and tools. We systematically organized administrative, IT, HR, marketing, quality, and finance functional processes and FAQs, enabling efficient cross-departmental information retrieval and sharing to improve collaboration. Focusing on core businesses like product and R&D, we systematized technical documentation, project reviews, and role-specific SOPs, effectively institutionalizing organizational experience to accelerate knowledge transfer and talent pipeline development, empowering sustainable organizational growth.

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RoboSense 2025 Fifth "Departure Class" Graduation Ceremony

RoboSense 2025 "Acceleration Creation Camp" Training

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RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

Health and Safety

The Group adheres to the occupational health and safety policy of "people-oriented, law-abiding, and safety-first", strictly complying with national laws and regulations such as the Work Safety Law of the People's Republic of China, the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases, and others. Through internal management documents including the Provisions on the Management of Fire Safety, the Provisions on the Management of Special Operations and Personnel, the Provisions on the Management of Hazardous Operations, the Provisions on the Management of Labor Protection Supplies, the Management Rules for the Safety of Equipment and Facilities, the Management Rules for the Safety of External Construction, and the HSE (Health, Safety, Environment) Management Procedures for Related Parties, we have established a systematic and standardized HSE management system covering the entire process of production and operations.

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Objective Metrics
Zero serious injuries or accidents
Zero occupational diseases recognized in the year
Occupational Health and
Safety Incidents Zero environmental accidents
Zero incidents with direct economic losses from fires or property losses from security
issues exceeding RMB100,000
Zero penalties imposed by fire, safety supervision, environmental protection, health
HSE Compliance
supervision, public security and other government departments
100% licensed rate for special positions (e.g., electricians, X-ray operators)
Certification Compliance
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"Five Zeros and One 100%" Occupational Health and Safety Work Objectives

Health and Safety Management Structure

The Group has built a clear, tiered management framework to systematically implement primary responsibility for workplace safety. At the Group level, a principal responsibility system is established, with the Chairman assuming the highest leadership accountability for occupational safety. At the operational level, a Group-wide Work Safety Committee serves as a permanent coordination and decision-making body, composed of heads of factories and departments, to advance safety governance. The Committee regularly reports upward to ensure effective communication and implementation of corporate-level decisions. Additionally, plant managers are explicitly authorized to oversee daily safety management at the factory level, enabling efficient resolution of routine safety matters within this tier. This structure establishes a normalized operational mechanism characterized by "top-level leadership, mid-level coordination, and grassroots-level implementation".

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Chairman of the Board
Work Safety Committee
Heads of Factories and Departments
Work Safety Management Structure
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In 2025, through full staff accountability and precise risk prevention, we continued to advance and successfully achieved the annual "Five Zeros and One 100%" occupational health and safety objectives. This achievement effectively safeguarded employees' well-being and laid a solid operational foundation for the Group's sustainable, high-quality development.

We have established long-term constraints and incentive mechanisms, directly linking safety accountability to employee performance and compensation. Based on policies such as the Measures for the Management of the HSE Responsibility System, the Measures for the Management of HSE Target Indicators and Performance, and the Managerial Rules for HSE Inspection and Hidden Danger Rectification, safety responsibilities are clearly defined and evaluated. Additionally, process indicators such as hidden danger rectification completion rates and training achievement rates are integrated into performance evaluations at all levels, aiming to build a closed-loop safety accountability system covering all personnel and processes. By the end of the Reporting Period, the Group has obtained the ISO 45001 Occupational Health and Safety Management System Certification.

Health and Safety Management Mechanism

The Group has established a systematic risk control mechanism covering all stages of production and operations. We regularly conduct comprehensive hazard identification and risk assessments, based on which risks are classified, documented, and dynamically updated in a database. For significant risks, the Company develops specialized control plans and emergency response measures, while reinforcing on-site safety warnings and visual management through systems such as the HSE Labeling Management Provisions to ensure risks are "visible and manageable". Additionally, under the HSE Monitoring and Testing Management Procedures, the Company continuously monitors environmental conditions, equipment, and occupational hazard factors, enabling timely early warnings and evaluation of the effectiveness of control measures.

We investigate and handle workplace accidents in accordance with the Incident Report, Investigation and Handling Procedure, strictly adhering to the "Four Nos Principle": no incident is overlooked if the cause remains unidentified, no responsible personnel are unpunished, no corrective measures are unimplemented, or no relevant personnel have not received education. A cross-departmental joint investigation mechanism is established, clearly defining responsibilities for incident classification, reporting, and disposal processes. After investigations, the team systematically analyzes root causes and management deficiencies, then formulates, issues, and follows up on targeted corrective and preventive actions. In 2025, the Group reported no work-related injuries or fatalities.

Safety Emergency Management Measures

Combining the Company's risk assessment reports to identify potential emergencies related to critical equipment, supply chains, climate change (e.g., natural disasters, equipment failures).

Developing detailed emergency response plans (e.g., Typhoon Emergency Disposal Plan, Emergency Plan Control Program) for unexpected incidents (e.g., fires, epidemics, network disruptions, raw material shortages), covering the entire process from pre-incident warnings to during-incident responses and post-incident recovery.

Establishing an emergency response team and activating the Headquarters Control Center during major incidents to unify and coordinate resources, ensuring y emergency responses. efficient and orderl Building safety stock (raw materials, finished products, spare parts), backup equipment, and emergency logistics resources to guarantee production continuity.

Regularly conducting safety training, emergency drills (e.g., flood and typhoon prevention exercises), fire drills, and epidemic prevention education to enhance the safety awareness and emergency response capabilities of all employees.

Assigning trained and certified first aid responders at a ratio of no less than 2% of the total workforce.

Additionally, the Group organizes annual occupational health physical examination for all employees and conducts regular monitoring of workplace environments, with no clear occupational disease hazard factors identified to date.

~~People First, H~~ armonious Progress 63

RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

Health and Safety Training

To enhance employees' awareness of workplace safety, we have established the HSE Responsibility Management Measures, building a comprehensive training system that covers all employees. This system flexibly combines online and on-site methods to deliver training programs, including "three-level safety education" for new hires, general safety awareness and fire safety training, annual practical fire drills, and specialized capability enhancement training for high-risk operations. Additionally, the Company integrates relevant stakeholders (such as suppliers and contractors) into its unified management framework, ensuring they undergo qualification review and safety training before entering the premises. This extends safety management beyond the organization and fosters shared responsibility. In 2025, the Group conducted occupational health and safety training for personnel exposed to occupational hazards, with 27 participants trained, achieving 100% coverage.

In 2025，the Group conducted occupational health and safety training for personnel exposed to occupational hazards, with

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27 participants trained coverage % 100

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100

Case Emergency First Aid Practical Training during the 2025 "Work Safety Month"

During the 2025 "Work Safety Month", we organized specialized emergency first aid practical training. This training focused on essential skills such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), trauma first aid, and on-site response to emergencies. Through simulated real-scenario drills, the program strengthened employees' abilities to perform selfrescue and mutual assistance during emergencies, as well as their overall emergency response capabilities.

Case Comprehensive Emergency Drill during the 2025 "Work Safety Month"

During the 2025 "Work Safety Month", the Group collaborated with Nanshan Intelligent Manufacturing Shenshan High-Tech Industrial Park to conduct a comprehensive emergency drill. This exercise rigorously tested the feasibility of emergency plans, the coordination of the emergency command system, the response speed and handling capabilities of emergency teams, the adequacy of emergency resource reserves, and employees' self-rescue and mutual assistance skills. Post-drill evaluations and summaries were promptly conducted, with improvement measures formulated to address identified issues, thereby providing a solid foundation for the Group's ongoing workplace safety development.

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Employee Communications

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We respect employees' rights to know, expression, participation and supervision, listen carefully to employees' voices, maintain diverse communication channels, and ensure timely responses to employee concerns to continuously enhance employee experience and organizational cohesion.

We organize monthly "RoboSense Lectures Hall" for all employees, where the Group's founders and management engage in in-depth discussions with employees on critical topics such as corporate strategy, business model evolution, and core value culture. This initiative helps employees gain a comprehensive understanding of the Company's development dynamics and future vision, fosters a sense of ownership, and encourages active participation in decision-making and continuous improvement through suggestions and feedback.

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We continue to implement the Provisions on Organizational Atmosphere Survey and Management, maintaining annual anonymous surveys covering all employees in 2025. These surveys systematically collect genuine feedback on management, remuneration and benefits, training development, and office environment support. Survey results serve as key references and action guidelines for optimizing management practices and enhancing organizational effectiveness.

Additionally, we have fully established the HRBP (Human Resource Business Partner) mechanism, integrating HR teams into business units to build regular connections with frontline employees. A digital HR service desk has been launched to enable real-time issue resolution and standardized support, delivering efficient, convenient, and empathetic communication and support experiences. In 2025, HRBPs actively organized employee forums across departments, while executives held dedicated forums for campus recruits to deeply understand employee needs and feedback.

Executive Forum with Campus Recruits at RoboSense

Comprehensive Emergency Drill at Nanshan Intelligent Manufacturing Shenshan High-Tech Industrial Park during the 2025 "Work Safety Month"

~~Industrial Synergy~~ , Shared Prosperity

RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

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Industrial Synergy, Shared Prosperity

This section addresses the following ESG materiality issues: Supply chain management Controversial procurement Community public welfare Industry participation and contribution

Our Group is committed to building a scientific, efficient, and sustainable supply chain management system. We comprehensively optimize supplier access and full lifecycle management through a multi-faceted governance mechanism covering quality, delivery, production capability, and ESG risks. By building ESG systems, implementing conflict mineral compliance management, and empowering suppliers, we continuously enhance supply chain resilience. Furthermore, we deepen industryacademia-research collaboration through joint talent development programs with universities, actively participate in international industry exchanges, and promote technology adoption and industry ecosystem co-construction to foster sustainable development of the intelligent perception industry through innovation.

This section addresses the following relevant SDGs issues:

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~~Industrial Synergy~~ , Shared Prosperity 67

RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

Documentation Review

Access Evaluation

Sustainable Supply Chain Management

The Group builds on supplier full lifecycle management to continuously improve access, review, and performance mechanisms. We strengthen supplier capacity building through targeted mentoring programs and training sessions. Furthermore, we integrate integrity requirements into the business ethics risk management framework and establish conflict mineral management policies to drive comprehensive improvements in supply chain compliance, resilience, and accountability.

Supplier Management

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Approval and
Filing
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Upon approval, the Procurement Department compiles the results, which are then approved by the R&D Head, SQE Head, and Procurement Director. Qualified suppliers are officially added to the Approved Vendor List (AVL) and registered in the Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) system.

Supplier Access Process

We have established a series of supplier management policies, including the Production Supplier Access Process, the Supplier Quality Handbook, the Production Supplier Management Procedures, the Process of Designating Suppliers for Custom Parts, the Process of Designating Suppliers for Standard Parts, the Non-Production Procurement Management Regulations, and the Tendering Procurement Management Measures. These policies form a closed-loop management system covering critical stages such as supplier access and elimination, selection and performance evaluation, as well as review and tiered management.

Supplier Access

We implement a step-by-step standardized process for supplier access to ensure clarity, rigor, and efficiency in the access procedure.

Verify the supplier's legal entity qualifications, credit records, and core certifications (IATF 16949 for automotive suppliers, ISO 9001 for non-automotive suppliers). Priority is given to suppliers with ISO 14001 certification.

Qualification Preliminary Review

Collect and examine documents including Business License, Confidentiality and Integrity Agreement, Non-use for Prohibited Substances Commitment etc. For chemical suppliers, additional materials such as Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and Test Reports are required. Compliance confirmation is led by the Procurement Department in collaboration with Quality, R&D, and other departments.

For suppliers requiring on-site inspection, organize field checks with personnel from Procurement, R&D, and Quality departments. For others, conduct document reviews, virtual meetings, or technical exchanges to assess production capacity, quality control standards, and environmental compliance. Suppliers classified as monopolistic industry resources or materials, or those evaluated within the past year, may be exempt from assessment.

In 2025, we completed access review for 31 new suppliers, with evaluation scopes covering suppliers' comprehensive performance in environmental protection, occupational health and safety, integrity cooperation, confidentiality management, quality assurance capabilities, and R&D-technical capabilities. The SQE team conducted annual on-site audits for over 20 manufacturers, focusing on evaluating suppliers' manufacturing processes and quality assurance capabilities.

As of the end of 2025, the Company had a total of 278 suppliers, including 213 production suppliers and 65 non-production suppliers.

As of the end of 2025, the Company had a total of including 278 suppliers 213 65 non-production production suppliers suppliers

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Regional Distribution Number
South China 194
East China 45
Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and
18
Overseas
Central China 9
North China 7
Southwest China 5
Total Number of Suppliers 278
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RoboSense 2025 Supplier Regional Distribution

~~Industrial Synergy~~ , Shared Prosperity 69

RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

Supplier Review

The Company has established a comprehensive supplier performance review and exit mechanism, implementing closed-loop management across the entire supply chain lifecycle. Led by the Procurement Department in collaboration with the Quality Department, R&D, and relevant functional departments, monthly/quarterly/annual performance evaluations are conducted for cooperating suppliers. These evaluations cover both production and non-production suppliers under ongoing partnerships, with a focus on comprehensive evaluations of overall capabilities and contract execution performance. Key evaluation criteria include corporate qualifications, financial status, technical capabilities, on-time delivery rates, quality pass rate, price rationality, and contract compliance. Evaluation results are categorized into five levels: Preferred, Qualified, Restricted, Eliminated, and Blacklisted, enabling differentiated management strategies: prioritizing deepened collaboration with high-performing suppliers, requiring underperforming suppliers to rectify deficiencies within deadlines, and removing non-compliant suppliers to continuously optimize supply quality.

For suppliers engaging in severe violations, the Company enforces permanent removal. Violations include, but are not limited to: unfair competition to exclude rivals, fraudulently obtaining access qualifications, unauthorized contract modifications or terminations, supplying counterfeit products, gross negligence in after-sales service, disrupting management order, and actions violating laws, regulations, or our policies that result in significant losses or reputational damage. Through rigorous evaluation and dynamic exit mechanisms, the Company continuously enhances the stability, compliance, and sustainable development capabilities of its supply chain.

In 2025, the Company comprehensively advanced the construction of its supplier ESG management system. It officially launched a comprehensive ESG assessment based on the RBA 8.0 Standard, covering core areas such as labor rights, occupational health and safety, environmental protection, business ethics, and conflict minerals. This systematic evaluation was conducted through questionnaire-based assessments, supplemented by interviews to ensure the authenticity and completeness of the information. Additionally, the SRM system implemented a pop-up notification and confirmation mechanism for ESG, integrity, and confidentiality requirements. This enhanced suppliers' awareness of compliance obligations and fulfillment accountability, achieving digitalization and closed-loop management of the governance process.

Supplier ESG Risk Management

Supplier Empowerment

The Company continues to improve its supplier empowerment system, continuously optimizes performance upgrade management, conducts targeted supplier coaching, and incorporates supplier sustainability training into its plans.

Supplier performance upgrade management is implemented based on monthly and annual evaluation results. Monthly evaluations are rated as A/B/C based on quality and delivery performance, with the lowest rating determining the final grade. Suppliers rated C must submit improvement plans. If a supplier receives two consecutive C ratings within the same module, tier-2 coaching is initiated, led by the Quality and Procurement Directors. If no improvements are made, the issue escalates to the tier-3 level, requiring notification to the supplier's General Manager and suspension of new project selections. Suppliers who have received tier-3 coaching and demonstrate no commitment to improvement will be considered for disqualification.

The Group currently implements supplier coaching and training primarily through system announcements and face-toface sessions. For underperforming suppliers, the Company conducts monthly coaching sessions over a three-month period, with monthly review meetings. SQEs (Supplier Quality Engineers) visit supplier sites to provide specialized training on 8D analysis, on-site management, and change management as needed. In 2025, we conducted 12 training sessions for three suppliers, covering topics such as the 8D problem-solving method, FTA (Fault Tree Analysis) application, on-site non-conforming product management requirements, 4M1E (Man, Machine, Material, Method, and Environment) on-site management standards, and change management processes. In 2026, the Company plans to implement CSR training for suppliers. In the future, based on human resource availability and other factors, we will conduct more comprehensive ESG reviews for qualified suppliers.

In 2025 We conducted a total of for 12 training sessions 3 suppliers

We are committed to building long-term, mutually beneficial relationships with suppliers, systematically integrating ESG principles into supply chain management. Through monitoring, evaluation, and incentives, we drive continuous improvement in suppliers' sustainability capabilities. The Company strictly prohibits suppliers from engaging in any severe human rights violations, including forced labor or the use of child labor. We firmly oppose bribery, false statements, money laundering, and other illegal activities, requiring suppliers to fulfill legal disclosure obligations and pay mineral-related taxes as mandated. For suppliers with compliance risks, we collaborate with multiple stakeholders to facilitate corrective actions; those failing to meet requirements within the specified timeframe will face cooperation suspension.

We fully implement integrity management in supplier access, advocating the principles of "no bribery, no fraud, no falsification, and no commercial deception". Through the SRM system, we proactively push the Integrity and Honest Announcements to suppliers before holidays, continuously reinforcing their compliance awareness. In 2025, all 31 newly introduced production suppliers completed the signing of key documents, including the Commitment of Honest Cooperation, the Confidentiality Agreement, the Non-use for Prohibited Substances Commitment, and the Corporate Social Responsibility Commitment, achieving full coverage of integrity protocols. Suppliers confirmed violating business ethics will be immediately and permanently blacklisted in our SRM system.

~~Industrial Synergy~~ , Shared Prosperity 71

RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

Conflict Minerals Management

The Group has established a Conflict Minerals Procurement Management Policy, explicitly adopting the Chinese Due Diligence Guidelines for Responsible Mineral Supply Chains as the core compliance framework. This framework is incorporated into all supplier contracts to ensure the policy is enforceable, traceable, and auditable.

The Company prohibits direct or indirect support of non-state armed groups through mineral procurement, transportation, or trade, including purchasing from, paying, or providing logistical assistance to such groups. If risks such as illegal control of mining sites, extortion, or illegal taxation are identified, we will activate a risk response mechanism. Cooperation will be suspended if no improvements are made within six months. The Company only permits collaboration with security forces that comply with international standards and fulfill legal obligations, strictly prohibiting support for illegal taxation or violent activities. All collaborations require personnel and entity screening to exclude entities with records of human rights violations, while promoting transparency and accountability in security-related expenditures.

To standardize mineral supply chain compliance and responsible procurement, prevent conflicts, human rights violations, and business ethics risks, and meet customer requirements and the Company's sustainability development needs, RoboSense has formulated and implemented the Conflict Minerals Management Process based on the Chinese Due Diligence Guidelines for Responsible Mineral Supply Chains. The process applies to the Company and its affiliated entities, covering the entire cycle from policy formulation to risk identification, assessment, mitigation, and continuous monitoring. It explicitly prioritizes tungsten (W), tin (Sn), tantalum (Ta), and gold (Au) (3TG) as key minerals, with particular focus on whether these minerals originate from conflict-affected and high-risk areas (CAHRAs), including the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Republic of Sudan, and other countries.

The Company has established clear departmental responsibilities and processes for conflict minerals management. Through institutionalized and systematic management, we promote transparency and compliance in conflict minerals management, effectively fulfilling corporate social responsibility and ensuring sustainable business development.

RoboSense Conflict Minerals Management Department Responsibilities

Department Responsibilities Planning Department Develops the conflict minerals procurement management policy. Conducts annual conflict minerals surveys with suppliers in April, compiles submission Quality Department guidelines, evaluates the authenticity of declarations, and identifies smelters without compliance certifications. SQEs assist uncooperative suppliers in completing surveys. Procurement Department Provides supplier lists and may suspend procurement from non-compliant suppliers. Marketing Department Communicates compliance information to customers and submits conflict minerals reports.

RoboSense Conflict Minerals Management Process

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Management Phase Management Measures
Identifies risks by reviewing warning signals such as mineral origin countries,
transportation routes, production volumes, and data consistency to determine
Risk Identification and
Assessment risks from CAHRAs or transit countries. Information verification ensures data
accuracy and reliability.
Determines response priorities based on risk severity and likelihood, prioritizing
Risk Rating and
immediately addressable impacts, such as updating contract terms or revising
Prioritization
assessment agreements.
Develops and approves risk management plans, clarifying mitigation strategies,
including continued trading, temporary suspension, or termination of
Risk Mitigation and
cooperation. Plans require consultation with suppliers and stakeholders during
Management Plan
implementation, with continuous effectiveness monitoring. Cooperation will
Development
be suspended or terminated if no effective improvement is observed within six
months.
Regularly reviews policies and risk lists, dynamically adjusts processes based on
Continuous Monitoring
and Updates operational changes, and ensures the sustained effectiveness of the management
mechanism.
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~~Industrial Synergy~~ , Shared Prosperity 73

RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

Industry Engagement and Collaboration

In 2025, the Company actively participated in industry exchanges and industry-academia collaborations, accelerating technology implementation and ecosystem co-construction to jointly advance intelligent perception to a new stage of higher precision, efficiency, and intelligence.

Case RoboSense's Participation in the 2025 World Robot Conference (WRC)

On August 8, 2025, RoboSense showcased its presence at the World Robot Conference (WRC) in Beijing under the theme "The True Eyes of Robots". The Company unveiled its new Active Camera product line for robotic vision, highlighting a comprehensive technical solution featuring the AC2 product debut, the AC1 multisensor integrated system, and next-generation digital LiDAR products such as the E1R and Airy.

RoboSense's technology has been successfully applied to products from over 10 global robotic partners, including the National and Local Co-Built Humanoid Robotics Innovation Center's Qinglong Pro, DOBOT Atom, and Lingbao CASBOT 02. These collaborations demonstrate AC1's centimeter-level positioning accuracy in complex environments and Airy's exceptional performance in precision operation tasks.

The Active Camera series overcomes traditional 3D vision technical bottlenecks such as "blurry imaging, inaccurate detection, and slow response", providing robots with high-robustness, high-precision active sensing capabilities. Combined with the AI-Ready developer ecosystem, it significantly simplifies robotic perception development workflows, driving a paradigm shift in robotic vision perception development.

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RoboSense Active Camera Platform – Second Product: AC2

Digital LiDAR products such as the E1R and Airy

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RoboSense's Products Showcase at the 2025 World Artificial Intelligence Conference (WAIC)

Case

In July 2025, the World Artificial Intelligence Conference (WAIC) was successfully held in Shanghai under the theme "Embodied Intelligence + Smart Hardware + Model Applications", attracting over 300,000 visitors and becoming a top-tier global event in the AI field. RoboSense demonstrated its technological application achievements in embodied intelligence and autonomous driving through collaborations with ecosystem partners.

At the H3 Pavilion's humanoid robotics exhibition zone, the Company's products were showcased alongside partners including the National and Local Co-Built Humanoid Robotics Innovation Center, Lingbao CASBOT, Langyi Robotics, and Unitree Robotics. The National and Local Co-Built Humanoid Robotics Innovation Center's full-scale humanoid robot Qinglong Pro, equipped with the newly launched AC1, made its debut for applications in security and manufacturing scenarios in parks and industrial zones. This marked the AC1's first public appearance at a major domestic exhibition since its March 2025 release.

In the smart automotive sector, the Company's customized 520-line digital LiDAR for the EM platform served as the core perception hardware for Geely Automobile Group's "Afari Smart Driving", supporting the ZEEKR 9X's high-profile debut. This solution, designed for Level 3 autonomous driving, features the industry's strongest hardware redundancy.

The 2025 WAIC fully demonstrated RoboSense's comprehensive technological positioning and industrialization achievements in embodied intelligence robots, smart vehicles, and L4 autonomous driving.

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WAIC 2025 Exhibition Site

~~Industrial Synergy~~ , Shared Prosperity 75

RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

Social En a ement and Inclusion g g

RoboSense continues to promote industry-academia collaboration. While advancing its own development, the Company actively empowers industry competitions and public education initiatives, fully leveraging synergies between scientific research and technological innovation. By utilizing its influence, the Company drives rapid industry growth to benefit society.

In 2025, to support educational development, the Group signed a donation agreement with a secondary school, contributing a total of RMB 500,000 as "RoboSense Teaching and Scholarship Award", aiming to enhance school education quality. This initiative fully reflects the Group's high regard for education and its commitment to social responsibility.

RoboSense Sponsors and Exhibits at the International Conference Case on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2025)

From October 19 to 25, 2025, RoboSense deeply participated as an official sponsor of the InternationalConference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) held at the Hangzhou International Expo Center. By sponsoring IROS, known as the "Olympics of Robotics Academia", RoboSense established direct connections with over 7,000 leading experts and scholars, fostering deeper integration between cutting-edge academic research and industrial applications. This collaboration accelerated the transformation process of AI robotics technologies from laboratory research to real-world products. The Company plays a leading role in setting standards for robotic perception technologies, driving the industry toward greater intelligence and integration.

Case RoboSense Empowers Gesong Tech to Win the Dexterous Hand Competition

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In 2025, RoboSense combined its advanced technologies including Dexterous Hand systems, the Active Camera fused sensor system, and the VLA model, with Gesong Tech's industrialization capabilities. This collaboration enabled Gesong Tech to win the first prize in the 2025 Shenzhen Intelligent Robot Dexterous Hand Competition.

As China's first professional competition focused on robotic end-effector technology, the event featured technical challenges centered on real-world instant delivery scenarios. These included tasks such as robot parcel locker retrieval, food delivery unpacking, recyclable packaging folding, and building-to-building delivery. The competition highlighted the convergence of academic research with industrial needs, providing a real-world validation platform for technological achievements from universities and research institutions.

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2025 Shenzhen Intelligent Robot
Dexterous Hand Competition
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Case Coowarobot Wins Three Championships in the Sanitation Robotics Competition with RoboSense LiDAR

At the 2025 Shenzhen International AI-Powered Sanitation Robotics Competition, Coowarobot secured victories in the Specialized Event, Scenario Innovation Event, and Application Innovation Event, achieving a championship sweep.

The competition robots were equipped with RoboSense's Airy hemispherical digital LiDAR and R-platform multi-line LiDAR combination and provided a 360° ×90° ultra-wide hemispherical field of view andcentimeter-level detection precision, delivering high-quality 3D perception support for dynamic garbage tracking and complex obstacle avoidance. Based on precise perception data, Coowarobot achieved seamless integration of mobility and operational capabilities, enabling real-time route optimization for cleaning tasks based on garbage distribution. The robots demonstrated exceptional intelligent coordination across 115 real-world projects.

Since initiating collaboration in 2017, the two companies have deepened cooperation in smart sanitation and smart mobility sectors.

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AI-Powered Sanitation Robots in the Competition
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RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

Appendix 77

Appendix

ESG Index of HKEX

Mandatory Disclosure Indicators

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Corresponding
Aspect Content
Section
Sustainable
Disclosure of the Board's Oversight of Environmental, Social, and
Development
Governance issues;
Management
Board's ESG management approach and strategy, including the Sustainable
Governance Structure process used to evaluate, prioritise and manage material ESG- Development
related issues (including risks to the issuer's businesses); and Management
How the Board reviews progress against ESG-related goals and Sustainable
targets with an explanation of how they relate to the issuer's Development
businesses. Management
A narrative explaining the reporting boundaries of the ESG report
and describing the process used to identify which entities or op-
About this ESG
Reporting Scope erations are included in the ESG report. If there is a change in the
Report
scope, the issuer should explain the difference and reason for the
change.
"Comply or explain" Indicators
Environmental
Indicator Corresponding
Aspect Content
No. Section
Information on the policies and compliance with relevant laws
General and regulations that have a significant impact on the issuer Environmental
relating to air and greenhouse gas emissions, discharges into
Disclosure Management
water and land, and generation of hazardous and non-hazardous
waste.
Emissions
A1.1 The types of emissions and respective emissions data.
Management
Total hazardous waste produced (in tonnes) and, where
Emissions
A1.3 appropriate, intensity (e.g. per unit of production volume, per
A1: Emissions facility). Management
Total non-hazardous waste produced (in tonnes) and, where
Emissions
A1.4 appropriate, intensity (e.g. per unit of production volume, per
Management
facility).
Description of emission target(s) set and steps taken to achieve Emissions
A1.5
them. Management
Description of how hazardous and non-hazardous wastes are
Emissions
A1.6 handled, and a description of reduction target(s) set and steps
Management
taken to achieve them.
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"Comply or explain" Indicators

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Energy
Conservation and
General
Policies on the efficient use of resources, including energy, water Consumption
Disclosure and other raw materials.
Reduction
Management
Energy
Direct and/or indirect energy consumption by type (e.g. electricity, Conservation and
A2.1 gas or oil) in total (kWh in '000s) and intensity (e.g. per unit of Consumption
production volume, per facility). Reduction
Management
Energy
Conservation and
Water consumption in total and intensity (e.g. per unit of
A2.2 Consumption
production volume, per facility).
Reduction
Management
A2: Use of Resources
Energy
Conservation and
A2.3 Description of energy use efficiency target(s) set and steps taken Consumption
to achieve them.
Reduction
Management
Energy
Description of whether there is any issue in sourcing water that Conservation and
A2.4 Consumption
is fit for purpose, water efficiency target(s) set and steps taken to
achieve them. Reduction
Management
Energy
Conservation and
Total packaging material used for finished products (in tonnes)
A2.5 Consumption
and, if applicable, with reference to per unit produced.
Reduction
Management
General Policies on minimizing the issuer's significant impacts on the Environmental
Disclosure environment and natural resources. Management
A3: Environment and
Natural Resources Description of the significant impacts of activities on the
A3.1 environment and natural resources and the actions taken to
Green Office
manage them.
Social
Indicator Corresponding
Aspect Content
No. Section
Information on the policies and compliance with relevant laws Compliant
and regulations that have a significant impact on the issuer Employment
General
relating to compensation and dismissal, recruitment and Compensation
Disclosure
promotion, working hours, rest periods, equal opportunity, and
B1: Employment diversity, antidiscrimination, and other benefits and welfare. Benefits
Total workforce by gender, employment type (for example, full- or Compliant
B1.1
part-time), age group and geographical region. Employment
Employee turnover rate by gender, age group and geographical Compliant
B1.2
region. Employment
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RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

Appendix 79

"Comply or explain" Indicators

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Information on the policies and compliance with relevant laws
General and regulations that have a significant impact on the issuer
Health and Safety
Disclosure relating to providing a safe working environment and protecting
employees from occupational hazards.
B2: Health and Safety B2.1 Number and rate of work-related fatalities occurred in each of the Health and Safety
past three years including the reporting year.
B2.2 Lost days due to work injury. Health and Safety
Description of occupational health and safety measures adopted,
B2.3 Health and Safety
and how they are implemented and monitored.
General Policies on improving employees' knowledge and skills for Career
Disclosure discharging duties at work. Description of training activities. Development
B3: Development and The percentage of employees trained by gender and employee Career
B3.1
Training category (e.g. senior management, middle management). Development
The average training hours completed per employee by gender Career
B3.2
and employee category. Development
Information on the policies and compliance with relevant laws
General Compliant
and regulations that have a significant impact on the issuer
Disclosure Employment
relating to preventing child labor and forced labor.
B4: Labor Standards Description of measures to review employment Compliant
B4.1
practices to avoid child labor and forced labor. Employment
Description of steps taken to eliminate such practices when Compliant
B4.2
discovered. Employment
Sustainable
General Policies on managing environmental and social risks of the supply Supply
Disclosure chain. Chain
Management
Sustainable
Supply
B5.1 Number of suppliers by geographical region.
Chain
Management
Sustainable
Description of practices relating to engaging suppliers, number of
B5: Supply Chain Supply
B5.2 suppliers where the practices are being implemented, and how
Management Chain
they are implemented and monitored.
Management
Sustainable
Description of practices used to identify environmental and social
Supply
B5.3 risks along the supply chain, and how they are implemented and
Chain
monitored.
Management
Sustainable
Description of practices used to promote environmentally
Supply
B5.4 preferable products and services when selecting suppliers, and
Chain
how they are implemented and monitored.
Management
Information on the policies and compliance with relevant laws
and regulations that have a significant impact on the issuer
B6: Product General
relating to health and safety, advertising, labelling and privacy Quality Excellence
Responsibility Disclosure
matters relating to products and services provided and methods
of redress.
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"Comply or explain" Indicators
Percentage of total products sold or shipped subject to recalls for
B6.1 Quality Excellence
safety and health reasons.
Quality Excellence
Number of products and service-related complaints received and
B6.2 High-quality
how they are dealt with.
Service
B6: Product
Innovative
Responsibility B6.3 Description of practices relating to observing and protecting Research and
intellectual property rights.
Development
B6.4 Description of quality assurance process and recall procedures. Quality Excellence
Description of consumer data protection and privacy policies, and Information
B6.5
how they are implemented and monitored. Security
Information on the policies and compliance with relevant laws
General
and regulations that have a significant impact on the issuer Business Ethics
Disclosure
relating to bribery, extortion, fraud and money laundering.
Number of concluded legal cases regarding corrupt practices
B7.1 brought against the issuer or its employees during the Reporting Business Ethics
B7: Anti-Corruption Period and the outcomes of the cases.
Description of preventive measures and whistleblowing
B7.2 Business Ethics
procedures, and how they are implemented and monitored.
Description of anti-corruption training provided to Directors and
B7.3 staff. Business Ethics
Policies on community engagement to understand the needs Social
General
of the communities where the issuer operates and to ensure its Engagement and
Disclosure
activities take into consideration the communities' interests. Inclusion
Social
B8: Community Focus areas of contribution (e.g. education, environmental
B8.1 Engagement and
Investment concerns, labor needs, health, culture, sport).
Inclusion
Social
B8.2 Resources contributed (e.g. money or time) to the focus area. Engagement and
Inclusion
Part D: Climate-Related Disclosures Corresponding Section
The governance body(s) (which can include a
board, committee or equivalent body charged
Sustainable Development Management
with governance) or individual(s) responsible
Responding to Climate Change
for oversight of climate related risks and op-
portunities
(I) Governance
Management's role in the governance process-
es, controls and procedures used to monitor, Sustainable Development Management
manage and oversee climate-related risks and Responding to Climate Change
opportunities
Climate-related risks and opportunities Responding to Climate Change
(II) Strategy Business model and value chain Responding to Climate Change
Strategy and decision-making Responding to Climate Change
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RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

Appendix 81

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Part D: Climate-Related Disclosures Corresponding Section
Financial position, financial performance and Climate change has not had a significant impact on
cash flows-Current financial effect the Company's current financial position. Due to the
high uncertainty associated with the measurement
methodology for assessing expected impacts, the
(II) Strategy
Financial position, financial performance and results of the expected impact assessment have not
flows-Anticipated financial effect been disclosed at this time
Climate resilience Responding to Climate Change
The processes and related policies it uses to
identify, assess, prioritise and monitor cli- Responding to Climate Change
mate-related risks
The processes the issuer uses to identify, as-
sess, prioritise and monitor climate related
opportunities (including information about
Responding to Climate Change
(III) Risk whether and how the issuer uses climate-relat-
Management
ed scenario analysis to inform its identification
of climate-related opportunities)
The extent to which, and how, the processes
for identifying, assessing, prioritising and mon-
itoring climate-related risks and opportunities Responding to Climate Change
are integrated into and inform the issuer's
overall risk management process
Greenhouse gas emissions ESG Key Performance Table
Climate-related transition risks
RoboSense has recognized the risks and opportunities
Climate-related physical risks related to climate change and is refining relevant
Climate-related opportunitiesCapital deployment risks and opportunities. In the future, we will consider financing, or investment amounts for climate-related methodologies to calculate capital expenditures,
(IV) Metrics
introducing an internal carbon pricing mechanism
and Targets Internal carbon prices
and incorporating it into compensation policies
Remuneration
Industry-based metrics ESG Key Performance Table
Climate-related targets ESG Key Performance Table
Applicability of cross-industry metrics and in-
ESG Key Performance Table
dustry-based metrics
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ESG Policies and Laws List

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ESG Indicator Laws and Regulations Internal Policies
Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic
of China, Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law of
the People's Republic of China, Air Pollution Prevention Environmental Protection
and Control Law of the People's Republic of China, Noise Management Requirements,
Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People's Procedures for Environmental
A: Environment
Republic of China, Law of the People's Republic of China Management of Infrastructures
on Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution and Processes, HSE Labeling
by Solid Wastes, Environmental Protection Management Management Provisions
Requirements, Procedures for Environmental Management
of Infrastructures and Processes
Management Measures for
Recruitment, Management
Labor Law of the People's Republic of China, Labor Contract
Measures for the Probation
B1: Employment Law of the People's Republic of China, International Bill of
Period of New Employees,
Human Rights, Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Management Measures for
Interns
Provisions on the Management
of Fire Safety, Provisions on
the Management of Special
Operations and Personnel,
Provisions on the Management of
Hazardous Operations, Provisions
on the Management of Labor
Protection Supplies, Measures
for the Management of Facilities,
Management Rules for the Safety of
Work Safety Law of the People's Republic of China, Law External Construction, HSE (Health,
of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Safety, Environment) Management
Treatment of Occupational Diseases Procedures for Related Parties,
B2: Health and Safety Measures for the Management of
the HSE Responsibility
System,Measures for the Managem
ent of HSE Target Indicators and
Performance, and Managerial
Rules for HSE Inspection and
Hidden Danger Rectification, HSE
Labeling Management Provisions,
HSE Monitoring and
TestingManagement Procedures,
Incident Report, Investigation
and Handling Procedure, HSE
Responsibility Management
Measures
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RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

Appendix 83

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ESG Indicator Laws and Regulations Internal Policies
Provisions on the
B3: Development and
/ Managementof Employee
Training
Training
Labor Law of the People's Republic of China, Labor Contract Management Rules for Social
B4: Labor Standards
Law of the People's Republic of China Responsibility of RoboSense
Production Supplier Access
Process, Supplier Quality
Handbook, Production Supplier
Management Procedures,
Process of Designating Suppliers
for Custom Parts, Process
of Designating Suppliers for
B5 : Supply Chain Chinese Due Diligence Guidelines for Responsible Mineral
Standard Parts, Non-Production
Management Supply Chains
Procurement Management
Regulations, Non-Production
Tendering Procurement
Conflict Minerals ProcurementManagement Measures,
Management Policy, Conflict
Minerals Management Procedures
Market Research Management
Procedures, Pricing Formulation
and Adjustment Management
Measures for Non-Vehicle Mass
Production Projects, Customer
Project Quotation Management
Advertising Law of the People's Republic of China, Anti
Procedures, Customer
B6: Product Unfair Competition Law of the People's Republic of China,
Satisfaction Control Procedure,
Responsibility Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of
Process for Handling Quality
Rights and Interests of Consumers
Problems after Sales, Process for
Management of On-site Service
of After-Sales Customers,
Customer Complaints Quality
Issue Information Collection
Form
Code of Business Conduct
and Ethics, Anti-fraud and
Provisional Regulations on Prohibition of Commercial Whistleblowing Incentive
B7: Anti-Corruption
Bribery System, Employee Discipline
and Conduct Management
Measures
B8: Community
/ /
Investment
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ESG Key Performance Table1

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Category ESG Indicator Unit 2025 2024
A Environmental
A1.1 The types of emissions and respective emissions data
Air pollutant mg/m3 7.89 7.89
Volatile organic compounds
kg 347.82 204.74
(VOCs)
Sulphur oxide (SOx) kg 0.50 0.73
A1.3 Total hazardous waste produced and intensity
A1 Emissions
Total hazardous waste
ton 12.20 12.04
produced
Hazardous waste intensity ton/million yuan 0.006 0.007
A1.4 Total non-hazardous waste produced and intensity
General industrial solid ton 25.952 12.86
waste produced
General industrial solid
ton/million yuan 0.013 0.008
waste intensity
A2.1 Direct and/or indirect energy consumption by type in total and intensity
Total energy consumption kWh in '000s 23,325.07 16,779.32
kWh in '000s/
Energy intensity 12.02 10.18
million yuan
Direct energy consumption kWh in '000s 305.94 442.44
A2 Use of Resources Petrol consumption kWh in '000s 305.94 442.44
Indirect energy
kWh in '000s 23,019.13 16,336.89
consumption
Purchased Electricity kWh in '000s 23,019.13 16,336.89
A2.2 Water consumption and intensity
Total water consumption cubic meter 68,469.00 47,093.00
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1The reporting scope for the 2025 ESG indicators is detailed in the "About this ESG Report" section under Reporting Scope.

2In 2025, the generation of general industrial solid waste increased due to extended operational hours at the factories.

RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

Appendix 85

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Category ESG Indicator Unit 2025 2024
Water consumption cubic meter/million
35.27 28.56
intensity yuan
Municipal water
cubic meter 68,469.00 47,093.00
consumption
A2.5 Total packaging material used for finished products and with reference to per unit produced.
Packaging material ton 270.513 97.89
Packaging material intensity ton/million yuan 0.14 0.06
A3.1 Description of the significant impacts of activities on the environment and natural resources
A3 Environment and and the actions taken to manage them.
Natural Resources
Number of environmental
Pieces 0 0
violation incidents
B Social
B1.1 Number of employees 4
Total employees Person 1,800 1,489
By employment type
Full-time Person 1,796 1,489
Part-time Person 4 0
By gender
B1
Male Person 1,281 1,110
Employment
Female Person 519 379
By function
Research and development Person 614 626
Supply and manufacturing Person 907 607
Sales and marketing Person 153 132
Management and
Person 126 124
administrative
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3In 2025, the consumption of packaging materials increased, primarily due to changes in the product shipment structure and a rise in the proportion of disposable packaging used.

4In 2025, the statistical methodology for employee headcount was adjusted to exclude interns and employees who left within 90 days of joining, to more accurately reflect the size of the core stable workforce. To ensure data comparability, relevant 2024 data has been retrospectively adjusted in accordance with the new methodology.

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Category ESG Indicator Unit 2025 2024
By age
30 years old and under Person 880 688
31 to 50 years old Person 913 796
Over 50 Person 7 5
By region
Mainland China Person 1,779 1,481
Overseas Person 21 8
B1.2 Employee turnover number
Total employee turnover 5
Person 524 279
number
By gender
Male Person 406 200
Female Person 118 79
B1
Employment
By age
Under 30 Person 277 127
31 to 50 years old Person 247 151
50 years old and above Person 0 1
By region
Mainland China Person 522 273
Overseas Person 2 6
B1.2 Employee turnover ratio
Employee turnover ratio % 22.55 15.78
By gender
Male % 24.07 11.84
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5The increase in employee turnover this year is primarily due to the high mobility of production workers.

RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

Appendix 87

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Category ESG Indicator Unit 2025 2024
Female % 18.52 17.25
By age
Under 30 % 23.94 15.58
31 to 50 years old % 21.29 15.95
50 years old and above % 0 16.67
By region
B1
Employment Mainland China % 22.69 15.56
Overseas % 8.70 42.86
Number of new hires
Number of new hires Person 839 486
By gender
Male Person 579 345
Female Person 260 141
B2.1&B2.2 Employee Health and Safety
Number of deaths due to
work-related injuries 6 Person 0 0
B2 Health and Rate of deaths due
% 0 0
Safety to work injuries
Lost days due to work related
Days 0 30
injuries
Times 2 3
Number of fire drills
B3.1 Number of trainees
Total number of trainees Person 1,800 1,489
B3 Training and
By gender
Development
Male Person 1,281 1,110
Female Person 519 379
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Category ESG Indicator Unit 2025 2024
By function
Research and development Person 614 626
Supply and manufacturing Person 907 607
Sales and marketing Person 153 132
Management
Person 126 124
and administrative
B3.1 Percentage of Trainees
Percentage of Trainees % 100 100
By gender
Male % 100 100
Female % 100 100
By function
Research and development % 100 100
Supply and manufacturing % 100 100
B3 Training and Sales and marketing % 100 100
Development
Management and
% 100 100
administrative
B3.2 Employee training hours
Total employee training
Hours 31,506 32,815
hours
By gender
Male Hours 22,925 24,133
Female Hours 8,582 8,682
By function
Research and development Hours 13,076 10,331
Supply and manufacturing Hours 10,517 16,231
Sales and marketing Hours 5,352 3,717
Management and
Hours 2,561 2,536
administrative
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6From 2023 to 2025, the number of work-related fatalities at RoboSense was zero.

RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

Appendix 89

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Category ESG Indicator Unit 2025 2024
B3.2 Average employee training hours
Average employee training
Hours 17.50 21.39
hours
By gender
Male Hours 17.90 20.99
Female Hours 16.53 22.61
B3 Training and
Development
By function
Research and development Hours 21.30 16.22
Supply and manufacturing Hours 11.60 25.56
Sales and marketing Hours 34.98 27.53
Management and
Hours 20.33 19.97
administrative
B5.1 Number of suppliers
Total number of suppliers Number 278 184
By region
Mainland China Number 260 169
B5 Supply Chain
Management Hong Kong, Macao
Number 18 15
and Taiwan
By supplier type
Production Number 213 184
Non-Production Number 65 / 7
B6.1 Percentage of total
products sold or shipped
% 0 0
subject to recalls for safety
B6 Product and health reasons
Responsibility
B6.2 Number of products
and service-related Pieces 189 368
complaints received
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Category ESG Indicator Unit 2025 2024
B7.1 Number of
concluded litigation cases Pieces 0 0
regarding corrupt practices
B7 Anti-Corruption
B7.3 Anti-corruption
training hours provided to Hours 167.20 871
Directors and staff
B8.2 Total amount of funds
B8 Community
donated to public welfare Yuan 500,000 0
Investment
activities
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Part D: Climate-Related Disclosures- Metrics and Targets

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Category ESG Indicator Unit 2025 2024
Total greenhouse
ton CO2 equivalent 12,304.99 9,449.79
gas emissions
Greenhouse gas emissions ton CO2 equivalent/million
6.34 5.73
Greenhouse Gas intensity yuan
Emissions Direct greenhouse gas
ton CO2 equivalent 91.04 132.86
emissions (Scope 1)
Indirect greenhouse gas
ton CO2 equivalent 12,213.95 9,316.93
emissions (Scope 2)
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7The 2024 reporting basis excludes non-production suppliers.

90 RoboSense Technology 2025 Environmental, Social and Governance Report

AI assistant

RoboSense Technology Co., Ltd — Environmental & Social Information 2026

50628_rns_2026-04-24_d7275fa6-7031-4293-8d50-53f64e137089.pdf

About this ESG Report

Reporing Principles

Reporting Scope

Source of Information

Referenes

Reporting Criteria

Means of Response to the Report

About RoboSense

Company Profile

Business Overview

Chief Executive Officer's Statement

Efficient Compliance, Lean Operations

Innovation-Driven, Safeguarding Safety with Intelligence

Low-carbon Leadership, Green Development

People First, Harmonious Progress

Industrial Synergy, Shared Prosperity

Snapshot of Key Performance

GOVERNANCE

No

ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIAL

ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 45001

No

Honor

01 Efficient Compliance, Lean Operations

Corporate Governance

Board Independence

43%

Board Diversity Policy

Board Member Composition

Board Compensation Management

Sustainable Development Management

Board Statement

ESG Governance Framework

Governance Level

Main Responsibilities

Board's ESG Policies and Strategies

Board's Review of ESG Goal Progress

Stakeholder Engagement

Materiality Assessment

The importance of the topic

Highly material issues

Moderately material issues

Ordinarily material issues

Risk Mana ement g

Risk Control

Key Responsibilities

Risk Management Process

Internal Control

Business Ethics

Business Ethics Management

Whistleblower Protection

Business Ethics Training

Information Security

Information Security Management System

Information Security Committee

Information Security Management Group

Information Security Implementation Group

Information Security Incident Response Team

Information Security Management Framework

Information Security Protection Mechanisms

Information Security Management System

Information Security Training

02 Innovation-Driven, Safeguarding Safety with Intelligence

Innovative Research and Development

R&D System

R&D Team Development

Innovative Products

LiDAR hardware

Technological innovation in embodied intelligence

AI

Chip

Intellectual Property Protection

Intellectual Property Protection Mechanism

Intellectual Property Incentives

Intellectual Property Training

From "LiDAR" to "Eyes of Robots", Case Strengthening Innovation Capabilities Through Intellectual Property

RoboSense Technology Co., Ltd Environmental & Social Information 2026