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Quimbaya Gold Inc. Proxy Solicitation & Information Statement 2025

Feb 19, 2025

48219_rns_2025-02-19_7e987bb0-eedc-4d08-9ac8-6c9adf0d056c.pdf

Proxy Solicitation & Information Statement

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Quimbaya Gold Inc.

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1000 - 250 2nd Street SW
Calgary, Alberta T2P 0C1

NOTICE OF ANNUAL GENERAL AND SPECIAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS

TO BE HELD ON MARCH 28, 2025

AND

MANAGEMENT PROXY AND INFORMATION CIRCULAR

DATED: February 14, 2025


QUIMBAYA GOLD INC.
1000 - 250 2nd Street SW
Calgary, Alberta T2P 0C1

NOTICE OF ANNUAL GENERAL AND SPECIAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS TO BE HELD ON MARCH 28, 2025

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN THAT AN ANNUAL GENERAL AND SPECIAL MEETING (the "Meeting") of holders of common shares ("Common Shares") of Quimbaya Gold Inc. (the "Company") will be held at 1000 – 250 2nd Street SW, Calgary, Alberta, T2P 0C1, on March 28, 2025 at 10:00 a.m. (MST). Shareholders wishing to participate at the Meeting virtually by teleconference may dial the following phone number approximately five minutes prior to the commencement of the Meeting: +1 587-774-8973 (Calgary), Phone Conference ID: 830483074#.

The Meeting is to be held for the following purposes:

  1. to receive and consider the audited financial statements of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2023;
  2. to fix the number of directors of the Company for the ensuing year at five (5);
  3. to elect, individually, Alexandre P. Boivin, Juan Fernando Sanchez, Olivier Berthiaume, Pietro Solari and Sebastian Wahl as the directors of the Company to serve until the next annual meeting of the shareholders;
  4. to appoint MNP LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants, as auditors of the Company to hold office until the conclusion of the next annual meeting of the shareholders and to authorize the board of directors to fix the auditors' remuneration payable thereto;
  5. to consider and, if deemed advisable, to pass, with or without variation, an ordinary resolution approving the Company's Long-Term Performance Incentive Plan ("LTIP"), as set forth in the Management Proxy Circular; and
  6. to consider and, if deemed advisable, to pass, with or without variation, a special resolution of the Company, approving the continuance (the "Continuance") of the Company out of the federal jurisdiction of Canada under the Canada Business Corporations Act into the jurisdiction of British Columbia under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) and to further authorize the board of directors of the Company to determine when and if to effect any such Continuance, as more particularly described in the management information circular of the Company.

The Company has elected to use the notice-and-access provisions under National Instrument 51-102 and National Instrument 54-101 ("Notice-and-Access Provisions") for this Meeting. Notice-and-Access Provisions are a set of rules developed by the Canadian Securities Administrators that allow a Company to reduce the volume of materials to be physically mailed to Shareholders by posting the Information Circular and any additional annual meeting materials online. Shareholders will still receive this Notice of Meeting and a form of proxy (or a Voting Instruction Form ("VIF")) and may choose to receive a hard copy of the Information Circular.

The matters to be considered at the Meeting are further described in the Company's management information circular ("Information Circular"). The Information Circular, the form of Proxy, the audited financial statements of the Company for its fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the report of the auditor thereon and the corresponding management discussion and analysis (together the "Proxy Materials"), are


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available on the Company's website at www.quimbayagold.com or under the Company's SEDAR+ profile at www.sedarplus.ca. Any Shareholder who wishes to receive a paper copy of the Information Circular should contact Olympia Trust Company at Suite 4000, 520 - 3rd Ave SW, Calgary, AB T2P 0R3 [Attention: Matthew Kelly], calling toll free at telephone (1-866-668-8379), or by email request to [email protected]. As required under Notice-and-Access Provisions, Proxy Materials will be available for viewing for up to 1 year from the date of posting and a paper copy of the Information Circular can be requested at any time during this period.

The Company will not rely upon the use of 'stratification'. Stratification occurs when a reporting issuer utilizing Notice-and-Access Provisions provides a paper copy of its information circular with the notice to be provided to Shareholders as described above. In relation to the Meeting, all Shareholders will have received the required documentation under the Notice-and-Access Provisions and all documents required to vote in respect of all matters to be voted on at the Meeting. No Shareholder will receive a paper copy of the Information Circular from the Company or any intermediary unless such Shareholder specifically requests one.

The accompanying Information Circular provides additional information relating to the matters to be dealt with at the Meeting and is deemed to form part of this Notice. Shareholders are advised to review the Information Circular before voting.

The board of directors of the Company has fixed February 14, 2025 as the record date for the determination of shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at the Meeting and at any adjournment or postponement thereof. Each registered shareholder at the close of business on that date is entitled to such notice and to vote at the Meeting in the circumstances set out in the accompanying Information Circular.

If you are a registered shareholder of the Company and unable to attend the Meeting in person, please complete, date, and sign the accompanying form of proxy and deposit it with the Company at least 48 hours (excluding Saturdays, Sundays and holidays recognized in the Province of Alberta) before the time and date of the Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.

If you are a non-registered shareholder of the Company and receive this Notice and accompany materials through a broker, a financial institution, a participant, a trustee or administrator of a self-administered retirement savings plan, retirement income fund, education savings plan or other similar self-administered savings or investment plan registered under the Income Tax Act (Canada), or a nominee of any of the foregoing that holds your security on your behalf (the "Intermediary"), please complete and return the materials in accordance with the instructions provided to you by your Intermediary.

DATED at Toronto, Ontario on February 14, 2025.

BY ORDER OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

(signed) Alexandre P. Boivin
Alexandre P. Boivin
President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

PLEASE VOTE. YOUR VOTE IS IMPORTANT. WHETHER OR NOT YOU EXPECT TO ATTEND THE MEETING, PLEASE COMPLETE, SIGN AND DATE THE ENCLOSED PROXY FORM AND PROMPTLY RETURN IT IN THE ENVELOPE PROVIDED OR VOTE ONLINE AS PER THE INSTRUCTIONS PROVIDED.


QUIMBAYA GOLD INC. - INFORMATION CIRCULAR

February 14, 2025

INTRODUCTION

This Information Circular accompanies the Notice of Annual General and Special Meeting of Shareholders (the "Notice") and is furnished to the shareholders (the "Shareholders") holding common shares (the "Common Shares") in the capital of Quimbaya Gold Inc. (the "Company") in connection with the solicitation by management of the Company of proxies to be voted at the annual general and special meeting (the "Meeting") of the Shareholders to be held at 10:00 a.m. on March 28, 2025 at 1000 – 250 2nd Street SW, Calgary, Alberta.

Date and Currency

The date of this Information Circular is February 14, 2025. Unless otherwise indicated, all dollar amounts referred to herein are in Canadian dollars.

Notice and Access

Notice-and-Access rules are provisions for the delivery of proxy-related materials to Shareholders found in section 9.1.1. of National Instrument 51-102 - Continuous Disclosure Obligations ("NI 51-102"), in the case of registered Shareholders, and section 2.7.1 of National Instrument 54-101 - Communication with Beneficial Owners of Securities of a Reporting Issuer ("NI 54-101"), in the case of beneficial Shareholders ("Notice-and-Access Provisions"), which allow an issuer to deliver an information circular forming part of proxy-related materials to Shareholders via certain specified electronic means provided that the conditions of NI 51-102 and NI 54-101 are met.

Notice-and-Access Provisions allow reporting issuers, other than investment funds, to deliver proxy-related materials to registered holders and beneficial owners of securities by posting their proxy-related materials on a non-SEDAR+ website (usually the reporting issuer's website and sometimes the transfer agent's website) rather than by delivering the information circular by mail. Notice-and-Access Provisions can be used to deliver materials for both general and special meetings. Reporting issuers may still choose to continue to deliver such materials by mail, and beneficial owners are entitled to request delivery of a paper copy of the information circular at the reporting issuer's expense.

In order for the Company to utilize Notice-and-Access Provisions the Company must send a notice to Shareholders, including Non-Registered Holders, indicating that the proxy-related materials have been posted on a website and explaining how a Shareholder can access them or how they may obtain their own paper copy of those materials from the Company. Copies of this Information Circular are available under the Company's SEDAR+ profile at www.sedarplus.ca.

The Company sent the Notice of Meeting and Proxy, but not this Information Circular, in accordance with requirements of the Canadian securities administrators (the "CSA") directly to its registered Shareholders (pursuant to NI 51-102) and those non-registered (beneficial) holders (pursuant to NI 54-101) that have consented to allow their addresses to be provided to the Company ("NOBOs"). The Company does not intend to pay for intermediaries such as stockbrokers, securities dealers, banks, trust companies, trustees and their agents and nominees ("Intermediaries") to forward the Notice of Meeting and VIF to those beneficial Shareholders that have refused to allow their address to be provided to the Company ("OBOs"). Accordingly, OBOs will not receive the Notice of Meeting and VIF unless their respective Intermediaries assume the cost of forwarding such documents to them. Instead of mailing this Information Circular to Shareholders, the Company has posted the Information Circular on its website pursuant to the 'Notice and


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Access' procedures of NI 54-101. Shareholders may request a paper copy of this Information Circular be sent to them by contacting the Company as set out under 'Additional Information' at the end of this Information Circular.

The Company will not rely upon the use of 'stratification'. Stratification occurs when a reporting issuer utilizing Notice-and-Access Provisions provides a paper copy of the information circular with the notice to be provided to Shareholders as described above. In relation to the Meeting, all Shareholders will have received the required documentation under the Notice-and-Access Provisions and all documents required to vote in respect of all matters to be voted on at the Meeting. No Shareholder will receive a paper copy of the information circular from the Company or any intermediary unless such Shareholder specifically requests same.

The Company will deliver proxy-related materials to NOBOs directly with the assistance of its transfer agent, (Olympia Trust Company). The Company will not pay intermediaries for delivery of proxy-related materials to OBOs.

Any Shareholder who wishes to receive a paper copy of this Information Circular must contact Olympia Trust Company at Suite 4000, 520 – 3rd Ave SW, Calgary, AB T2P 0R3 [Attention: Matthew Kelly], calling toll free at telephone (1-866-668-8379), or by email request to [email protected]. In order to ensure that a paper copy of the Information Circular can be delivered to a requesting Shareholder in time for such Shareholder to review the Information Circular and return a proxy or voting instruction form prior to the deadline for receipt of Proxies at 10 a.m. MST on March 26, 2025 (the "Proxy Cut-Off Time").

All Shareholders may email the Company at [email protected] in order to obtain additional information relating to the Notice-and-Access Provisions or to obtain a paper copy of the Information Circular, up to and including the date of the Meeting, including any adjournment of the Meeting.

PROXIES AND VOTING RIGHTS

Management Solicitation

The solicitation of proxies by management of the Company will be conducted by mail and may be supplemented by telephone or other personal contact and such solicitation will be made without special compensation granted to the directors, regular officers and employees of the Company. The Company does not reimburse Shareholders, nominees or agents for costs incurred in obtaining, from the principals of such persons, authorization to execute forms of proxy, except that the Company has requested brokers and nominees who hold stock in their respective names to furnish this Information Circular and related proxy materials to their customers, and the Company will reimburse such brokers and nominees for their related out of pocket expenses. No solicitation will be made by specifically engaged employees or soliciting agents. The cost of solicitation will be borne by the Company.

No person has been authorized to give any information or to make any representation other than as contained in this Information Circular in connection with the solicitation of proxies. If given or made, such information or representations must not be relied upon as having been authorized by the Company. The delivery of this Information Circular shall not create, under any circumstances, any implication that there has been no change in the information set forth herein since the date of this Information Circular. This Information Circular does not constitute the solicitation of a proxy by anyone in any jurisdiction in which such solicitation is not authorized, or in which the person making such solicitation is not qualified to do so, or to anyone to whom it is unlawful to make such an offer of solicitation.


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Appointment of Proxy

Registered Shareholders are entitled to vote at the Meeting. A Shareholder is entitled to one vote for each Common Share that such Shareholder holds on February 14, 2025 (the "Record Date") on the resolutions to be voted upon at the Meeting, and any other matter to come before the Meeting.

The persons named as proxyholders (the "Designated Persons") in the enclosed form of proxy are directors and/or officers of the Company.

A Shareholder has the right to appoint a person or corporation (who need not be a Shareholder) to attend and act for or on behalf of that Shareholder at the Meeting, other than the Designated Persons named in the enclosed form of proxy.

To exercise this right, the Shareholder may do so by striking out the printed names and inserting the name of such other person and, if desired, an alternate to such person, in the blank space provided in the form of proxy. Such Shareholder should notify the nominee of the appointment, obtain the nominee's consent to act as proxy and should provide instruction to the nominee on how the Shareholder's Common Shares should be voted. The nominee should bring personal identification to the Meeting.

In order to be voted, the completed form of proxy must be received by the Company's registrar and transfer agent, Olympia Trust Company, at its offices located at Suite 4000, 520 – 3rd Ave SW, Calgary, AB T2P 0R3, or by the Company at the address set forth above, by mail or fax, at least 48 hours (excluding Saturdays, Sundays and holidays recognized in the Province of Alberta) prior to the scheduled time of the Meeting, or any adjournment or postponement thereof. Alternatively, the completed form of proxy may be deposited with the chairman of the Meeting on the day of the Meeting, or any adjournment or postponement thereof.

A proxy may not be valid unless it is dated and signed by the Shareholder who is giving it or by that Shareholder's attorney-in-fact duly authorized by that Shareholder in writing or, in the case of a corporation, dated and executed by a duly authorized officer, or attorney-in-fact, for the corporation. If a form of proxy is executed by an attorney-in-fact for an individual Shareholder or joint Shareholders or by an officer or attorney-in-fact for a corporate Shareholder, the instrument so empowering the officer or attorney-in-fact, as the case may be, or a notarized certified copy thereof, should accompany the form of proxy.

Voting of Common Shares and Proxies and Exercise of Discretion by Designated Persons

Only registered Shareholders or duly appointed proxyholders are permitted to vote at the Meeting. A Shareholder may indicate the manner in which the Designated Persons are to vote with respect to a matter to be voted upon at the Meeting by marking the appropriate space on the proxy. If the instructions as to voting indicated in the proxy are certain, the Common Shares represented by the proxy will be voted or withheld from voting in accordance with the instructions given in the proxy. If the Shareholder specifies a choice in the proxy with respect to a matter to be acted upon, then the Common Shares represented will be voted or withheld from the vote on that matter accordingly. The Common Shares represented by a proxy will be voted or withheld from voting in accordance with the instructions of the Shareholder on any ballot that may be called for and if the Shareholder specifies a choice with respect to any matter to be acted upon, the Common Shares will be voted accordingly.


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If a Shareholder does not specify a choice and the Shareholder has appointed one of the management proxyholders as proxyholder, the management proxyholder will vote in favour of the matters specified in the Notice and in favour of all other matters proposed by management at the Meeting.

The form of proxy also gives discretionary authority to the person named therein as proxyholder with respect to amendments or variations to matters identified in the Notice of Meeting and with respect to other matters which may properly come before the Meeting. As of the date of this Information Circular, management of the Company knows of no such amendments, variations or other matters to come before the Meeting.

The enclosed form of proxy confers discretionary authority upon the persons named therein with respect to other matters which may properly come before the Meeting, including any amendments or variations to any matters identified in the Notice, and with respect to other matters which may properly come before the Meeting. At the date of this Information Circular, management of the Company is not aware of any such amendments, variations, or other matters to come before the Meeting.

In the case of abstentions from, or withholding of, the voting of the Common Shares on any matter, the Common Shares that are the subject of the abstention or withholding will be counted for the determination of a quorum, but will not be counted as affirmative or negative on the matter to be voted upon.

All references to Shareholders in this Information Circular are to registered Shareholders, unless specifically stated otherwise.

NON-REGISTERED HOLDERS

Only Shareholders whose names appear on the records of the Company as the registered holders of Common Shares or duly appointed proxyholders are permitted to vote at the Meeting. Most Shareholders of the Company are "non-registered" Shareholders because the Common Shares they own are not registered in their names but instead registered in the name of a nominee such as a brokerage firm through which they purchased the Common Shares; bank, trust company, trustee or administrator of self-administered RRSPs, RRIFs, RESPs and similar plans; or clearing agency such as the Canadian Depository for Securities Limited (a "Nominee"). If you purchased your Common Shares through a broker or otherwise deposited your Common Shares with your broker, you are likely a non-registered holder.

In accordance with relevant securities laws and regulations, the Company has distributed copies of the form of proxy to the Nominees for distribution to non-registered holders.

Nominees are required to forward the Meeting materials to non-registered holders to seek their voting instructions in advance of the Meeting. Common Shares held by Nominees can only be voted in accordance with the instructions of the non-registered holder. The Nominees often have their own form of proxy, mailing procedures and provide their own return instructions. If you wish to vote by proxy, you should carefully follow the instructions from the Nominee in order to ensure that your Common Shares are voted at the Meeting.

If you, as a non-registered holder, wish to vote at the Meeting in person, you should appoint yourself as proxyholder by writing your name in the space provided on the request for voting instructions or proxy provided by the Nominee and return the form to the Nominee in the envelope provided. Do not complete the voting section of the proxy form as your vote will be taken at the Meeting.

Non-registered holders who have not objected to their Nominee disclosing certain ownership information about themselves to the Company are referred to as "non-objecting beneficial owners" ("NOBOs"). Those


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non-registered holders who have objected to their Nominee disclosing ownership information about themselves to the Company are referred to as "objecting beneficial owners" ("OBOs").

In accordance with National Instrument 54-101 - Communication with Beneficial Owners of Securities of a Reporting Issuer ("NI 54-101"), the Company has determined it will send proxy-related materials directly to registered Shareholders and NOBOs. If you are a NOBO, and the Company or its agent has sent these materials directly to you, your name and address and information about your holdings of shares have been obtained in accordance with applicable securities regulatory requirements from the Intermediary holding shares on your behalf.

Hereinafter, NOBOs and OBOs will collectively be referred to as "Non-Registered Shareholders".

ADVICE TO NON-REGISTERED HOLDERS

The information in this section is of significant importance to many Shareholders, as a substantial number do not hold their Common Shares in their own name. Non-Registered Shareholders are advised that only proxies from Shareholders of record can be recognized and voted upon at the Meeting. If Common Shares are listed in an account statement provided to a Shareholder by a broker, then in almost all cases those Common Shares will not be registered in the Shareholder's name on the records of the Company. Such Common Shares will more likely be registered under the name of the Shareholder's broker or an agent of that broker. In Canada, the vast majority of such Common Shares are registered under the name of CDS & Co. (the registration name for CDS Clearing and Depository Services Inc., which acts as Nominee for many Canadian brokerage firms).

Common Shares held by brokers or their Nominees can only be voted (for or against resolutions) upon the instructions of the Non-Registered Shareholder. Without specific instructions, brokers/Nominees are prohibited from voting Common Shares for their clients. The directors and officers of the Company do not know for whose benefit the Common Shares registered in the name of CDS & Co. are held, and directors and officers of the Company do not necessarily know for whose benefit the Common Shares registered in the name of any broker or agent are held. Non-Registered Shareholders who complete and return a form of proxy must indicate thereon the person (usually a brokerage house) who holds their Common Shares as a registered Shareholder.

Applicable regulatory policy requires brokers and other intermediaries to seek voting instructions from Non-Registered Shareholders in advance of Shareholders' meetings. Every broker and other intermediary has its own mailing procedure, and provides its own return instructions, which should be carefully followed. The form of proxy supplied by brokers and other intermediaries to Non-Registered Shareholders may be very similar and, in some cases, identical to that provided to registered Shareholders. However, its purpose is limited to instructing the registered Shareholder how to vote on behalf of the Non-Registered Shareholder.

In Canada, the vast majority of brokers now delegate responsibility for obtaining instructions from clients to Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. ("Broadridge"). Broadridge typically prepares a machine-readable voting instruction form, mails those forms to Non-Registered Shareholders and asks Non-Registered Shareholders to return the forms to Broadridge, or otherwise communicate voting instructions to Broadridge (by way of the Internet or telephone, for example). Broadridge then tabulates the results of all instructions received and provides appropriate instructions respecting the voting of Common Shares to be represented at the Meeting. A Non-Registered Shareholder who receives a Broadridge voting instruction form cannot use that form to vote Common Shares directly at the Meeting. The voting instruction forms must be returned to Broadridge (or instructions respecting the voting of Common Shares must


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otherwise be communicated to Broadridge) well in advance of the Meeting in order to have the Common Shares voted.

Although a Non-Registered Shareholder may not be recognized directly at the Meeting for the purposes of voting Common Shares registered in the name of his broker, a Non-Registered Shareholder may attend the Meeting as proxyholder for the registered Shareholder and vote the Common Shares in that capacity. Non-Registered Shareholders who wish to attend the Meeting and indirectly vote their Common Shares as proxyholder for the registered Shareholder, should enter their own names in the blank space on the form of proxy provided to them and return the same to their broker (or the broker's agent) in accordance with the instructions provided by such broker.

Non-Registered Shareholders should contact their broker or other intermediary through which they hold Common Shares if they have any questions regarding the voting of such Common Shares.

Revocation of Proxies

A Shareholder who has given a proxy may revoke it at any time, before it is exercised, by an instrument in writing: (a) executed by that Shareholder or by that Shareholder's attorney-in-fact authorized in writing or, where the Shareholder is a corporation, by a duly authorized officer of, or attorney-in-fact for, the corporation; and (b) delivered either: (i) to the Company at the address set forth above, at any time up to and including the last business day preceding the day of the Meeting or, if adjourned or postponed, any reconvening thereof, or (ii) to the chairman of the Meeting prior to the vote on matters covered by the proxy on the day of the Meeting or, if adjourned or postponed, any reconvening thereof, or (iii) in any other manner provided by law.

Also, a proxy will automatically be revoked by either: (i) attendance at the Meeting and participation in a poll (ballot) by a Shareholder, or (ii) submission of a subsequent proxy in accordance with the foregoing procedures. A revocation of a proxy does not affect any matter on which a vote has been taken prior to any such revocation.

The Company may refuse to recognize any instrument of proxy deposited in writing or by the internet received later than forty-eight (48) hours (excluding Saturdays, Sundays and statutory holidays in Alberta) prior to the Meeting or any adjournment thereof.

Notice to Shareholders in the United States

The solicitation of proxies involves securities of an issuer located in Canada and is being effected in accordance with the corporate and securities laws of Canada. The proxy solicitation rules under the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are not applicable to the Company or this solicitation, and this solicitation has been prepared in accordance with the disclosure requirements of the securities laws of the provinces of Canada. Shareholders should be aware that disclosure requirements under the securities laws of the provinces of Canada differ from the disclosure requirements under United States securities laws.

The enforcement by Shareholders of civil liabilities under United States federal securities laws may be affected adversely by the fact that the Company is incorporated under the Canada Business Corporations Act ("CBCA"), as amended, certain of its directors and its executive officers are residents of Canada and a substantial portion of its assets and the assets of such persons are located outside the United States. Shareholders may not be able to sue a foreign company or its officers or directors in a foreign court for violations of United States federal securities laws. It may be difficult to compel a foreign company and its officers and directors to subject themselves to a judgement by a United States court.


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VOTING SECURITIES AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF VOTING SECURITIES

The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of Common Shares without par value. As of the close of business on February 14, 2025 (the "Record Date"), a total of 37,933,306 Common Shares are issued and outstanding. Each Common Share carries the right to one vote at the Meeting. No other shares of any other class are issued or outstanding.

Only registered Shareholders as of the Record Date are entitled to receive notice of, and to attend and vote at, the Meeting or any adjournment or postponement of the Meeting, except to the extent that, (a) the holder has transferred the ownership of any of their Common Shares after the Record Date, and (b) the transferee of those Common Shares produces properly endorsed share certificates, or otherwise establishes that he owns the Common Shares, and demands not later than ten (10) days before the day of the Meeting that his name be included in the list of persons entitled to vote at the Meeting, in which case the transferee will be entitled to vote his Common Shares at the Meeting.

To the knowledge of the Company's directors and executive officers, no person or company beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, or exercises control or direction over, Common Shares carrying more than 10% of the voting rights attached to the outstanding Common Shares of the Company, other than as set forth below:

Name Type of Ownership Number of Common Shares Owned or Controlled at the Record Date Percent of Outstanding Common Shares at the Record Date^{(1)}
Alexandre P. Boivin Registered and Beneficial 13,338,823 35.16%

Notes:
(1) Based on 37,933,306 Common Shares issued and outstanding as of the Record Date.

QUORUM

Under the constating documents of the Company, the quorum for the transaction of business at a meeting of Shareholders is one or more person(s) who is, or represented by proxy, a Shareholder who holds at least 5% of the issued Common Shares entitled to be voted at the Meeting.

AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Company's audited financial statements for the fiscal period ended December 31, 2023, and the report of the auditors on those statements will be placed before the Meeting. Receipt at the Meeting of the audited financial statements of the Company will not constitute approval or disapproval of any matters referred to in those statements. No vote will be taken on the audited financial statements. These audited financial statements are available at www.sedarplus.ca.

Pursuant to National Instrument 51-102 Continuous Disclosure Obligations and National Instrument 54-101 Communication with Beneficial Owners of Securities of a Reporting Issuer, both of the Canadian Securities Administrators, a person or corporation who in the future wishes to receive annual and interim financial statements from the Company must deliver a written request for such material to the Company. Shareholders who wish to receive annual and interim financial statements are encouraged to complete the appropriate section on the Request form attached to this Information Circular and send it to the transfer agent, Olympia Trust Company.


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NUMBER OF DIRECTORS

The Articles of the Company provide for a board of directors of no fewer than one (1) director and no greater than ten (10), or of a number as fixed or changed from time to time by majority approval of the Shareholders.

At the Meeting, Shareholders will be asked to pass an ordinary resolution to set the number of directors of the Company for the ensuing year at five (5). The number of directors will be approved if the affirmative vote of at least a majority of Common Shares present or represented by proxy at the Meeting and entitled to vote thereat are voted in favour of setting the number of directors at five (5).

Management recommends the approval of an ordinary resolution to set the number of directors of the Company at five (5).

ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

At present, the directors of the Company are elected at each annual meeting and hold office until the next annual meeting, or until their successors are duly elected or appointed in accordance with the Company's Articles or until such director's earlier death, resignation or removal. The Company currently has six (6) directors, all of whom are being nominated for re-election at the Meeting except for Juan Pablo Bayona and William de Jong. In the absence of instructions to the contrary, the enclosed form of proxy will be voted for the nominees listed in the form of proxy.

Management of the Company proposes to nominate for election the persons named in the following table to the board of directors of the Company (the "Board") to hold office until the next annual meeting, or until their successors are duly elected or appointed in accordance with the Company's Articles or until such director's earlier death, resignation or removal. Information concerning such persons, as furnished by the individual directors, is as follows:

Name Province/State Country of Residence and Position(s) with the Company(1) Principal Occupation for the Last Five Years Periods during which Nominee has served as a Director Number of Securities Beneficially Owned(2)
Alexandre P. Boivin(3)
Panama City, Panama
President, CEO and Director Mr. P. Boivin served as a CEO and board of director for multiple private company in the mining industry. Mr. P. Boivin advises in matters relating to corporate finance, capital markets and business development. From 2019 to present, Mr. P. Boivin has served as a Director and CEO of Combia Gold Inc., a Canadian private mining company. November 15, 2020 13,338,823 shares (35.16%)
Juan Fernando Sanchez(3)
Bogota, Colombia
Director Mr. Sanchez has ten years of management experience in various mining, commodities trading, and financial services companies in Europe and South America. Mr. Sanchez is currently serving the role of Country Manager of Open Mineral AG in Colombia, a metal commodity trading company operating out of Switzerland. December 29, 2023 55,000 shares (0.14%)

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Name Province/State Country of Residence and Position(s) with the Company^{(1)} Principal Occupation for the Last Five Years Periods during which Nominee has served as a Director Number of Securities Beneficially Owned^{(2)}
Pietro Solari^{(3)}
Panama City, Panama
Director Banker May 23, 2024 306,350 shares (0.81%)
Olivier Berthiaume
Montreal, Canada
CFO and Director Mr. Berthiaume is an accountant with specific expertise working with venture companies within the Canadian Capital Markets. He has served as a CFO and board of director for numerous private and CSE listed corporations. August 23, 2024 744,702 shares (1.96%)
Sebastian Wahl
Sofia, Bulgaria
Director Sebastian Wahl is a seasoned mining executive with over a decade and a half of experience in the resource sector, specializing in deal structuring, project financing, business and corporate development, and investor relations. Nominee Director 0 shares (0.00%)

Notes:
(1) Directors stand for election and re-election annually. The directors of the Company will serve until the end of the next annual meeting of Shareholders of the Company.
(2) The information as to shares beneficially owned, or over which control or direction is exercised, directly or indirectly, is based upon information furnished to the Company by the respective directors and senior officers as at the date hereof.
(3) Members of the Company's Audit Committee.

Management does not contemplate that any of its nominees will be unable to serve as directors. If any vacancies occur in the nominees listed above before the Meeting, then the Designated Persons intend to exercise discretionary authority to vote the Common Shares represented by proxy for the election of any other persons as directors.

The following is a brief biography for all of the nominee directors who have not previously been elected as a director of the Company at a shareholders' meeting for which an information circular was issued:

Pietro Solari - Mr. Solari, a Swiss citizen, started his professional career in mining in the 1980's, at the young age of 23, as Treasurer of United Mining Corporation, a NASDAQ listed company which at the time had consolidated the -Comstock Lode- in Virginia City, NV, USA. Mr. Solari's career then spanned 40 years in all aspects of banking, including Private Banking, Investment Banking and Corporate Finance, with various financial groups such as Bank of America, Rothschild and Merril Lynch. Mr. Solari, as a venture capitalist, also sits as a board of director for various other companies and plays an active role in these positions.

Olivier Berthiaume - Mr. Olivier Berthiaume is an accountant with over 12 years of experience working with early-stage companies in the Canadian markets. He holds a Bachelor of Business Administration from HEC Montreal and specializes in private-to-public market transactions, compliance, corporate governance, and corporate growth strategies. Mr. Berthiaume has held various director and officer positions in junior mining companies.

Sebastian Wahl – Mr. Wahl is a seasoned mining executive with over a decade and a half of experience in the resource sector, specializing in deal structuring, project financing, business and corporate development, and investor relations. Having lived in Peru for 12 years, he has developed deep expertise in the Latin American mining landscape, executed deals with major companies such as Pan American Silver and Buenaventura, as well as completed acquisitions of smaller, privately held assets. As the founder of MMTP,


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he played a key role in the acquisition and transformation of the Recuperada mine into Silver X Mining, where he served as a Director until 2024. His extensive network spans institutional and retail investors across North America and Europe, particularly within the German-speaking investment community. With a strong understanding of the TSX regulatory environment, capital markets, and the operational realities of mining, he is well-positioned to bridge the gap between hands-on asset management and strategic financial growth. Proficient in several languages, he brings a global perspective to mining investment and development. He studied Business Administration in Zurich and holds the FMVA Certificate from the CFI.

The Company operates with a standing Audit Committee, consisting of Pietro Solari (Chairman), Alexandre P. Boivin and Juan Fernando Sanchez.

Management recommends the approval of each of the nominees listed above for election as directors of the Company for the ensuing year.

Corporate Cease Trade Orders

To the knowledge of the Company, no proposed director of the Company is, or within the ten (10) years before the date of this Information Circular has been, a director, chief executive officer or chief financial officer of any company that:

(i) was subject to: (i) a cease trade order; (ii) an order similar to a cease trade order; or (iii) an order that denied the relevant company access to any exemption under securities legislation, that was in effect for a period of more than 30 consecutive days (collectively, an "Order") that was issued while the proposed director was acting in the capacity as director, chief executive officer or chief financial officer; or

(ii) was subject to an Order that was issued after the proposed director ceased to be a director, chief executive officer or chief financial officer and which resulted from an event that occurred while that person was acting in the capacity as director, chief executive officer or chief financial officer.

Bankruptcies

Other than as disclosed below, to the knowledge of the Company, as at the date of this Information Circular and within the ten years before the date of this Information Circular, no director or officer of the Company or security holder anticipated to hold a sufficient number of securities of the Company to affect materially its control:

(i) is, or has been within the ten years before the date of this Information Circular, a director or executive officer of any company (including the Company) that, while that person was acting in that capacity, or within a year of that person ceasing to act in that capacity, became bankrupt, made a proposal under any legislation relating to bankruptcy or insolvency or was subject to or instituted any proceedings, arrangement or compromise with creditors or had a receiver, receiver manager or trustee appointed to hold its assets; or

(ii) has, within the ten years before the date of this Information Circular, become bankrupt, made a proposal under any legislation relating to bankruptcy or insolvency, or become subject to or instituted any proceedings, arrangement, or compromise with creditors or had a receiver manager or trustee appointed to hold the assets of that individual.


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In December 2014, Alexandre P. Boivin, the CEO and a director of the Company, was involved as a director and officer of 7984413 Canada Inc., 8768838 Canada Inc. and 8342121 Canada Inc. (collectively the "Related Companies"), which were involved with mining operations in South America. The Related Companies went into receivership on January 25, 2018. In addition, as it relates to the bankruptcy of the Related Companies, Alexandre P. Boivin entered into a consumer proposal with outstanding creditors. As of November 2018, the consumer proposal was completed and paid off in full.

In February 2024, Alexandre P. Boivin, the CEO and a director of the Company, Olivier Berthiaume the CFO and a director of the Company, were involved as directors and officers of Combia Gold Inc, which were involved with a mining project in South America. Combia entered into a consumer proposal with outstanding creditors. As of May 2024, the consumer proposal was completed and paid off in full.

Penalties and Sanctions

Other than as disclosed below, to the best of management's knowledge, no proposed director of the Company has been subject to:

(i) any penalties or sanctions imposed by a court relating to securities legislation or by a securities regulatory authority or has entered into a settlement agreement with a securities regulatory authority; or
(ii) any other penalties or sanctions imposed by a court or regulatory body that would likely be considered important to a reasonable securityholder in deciding whether to vote for a proposed director.

Alexandre P. Boivin and 9203516 Canada Inc., of which Mr. Boivin was a director and officer, was served with an Introductory Motion by the Autorité des marchés financiers ("AMF") on September 10, 2021. The administrative proceedings commenced by the AMF was before Quebec's administrative securities tribunal, the Tribunal administratif des marchés financiers. On August 29, 2022, the AMF and Alexandre Poirier-Boivin entered into an agreement whereby Mr. Boivin would pay $75,000 and was banned from acting as an advisor or investment fund manager for three years. He has also undertaken to dissolve the numbered companies he owns, among other actions, including being banned from engaging in certain aspects of the securities business for three years, with the exception of distributions of securities of three issuers, one of which includes Quimbaya Gold Inc., within the framework of strictly controlled transactions.

Conflicts of Interest

To the best of our knowledge, there are no known existing or potential conflicts of interest among the Company and its directors or officers.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

Interpretation

The following Compensation Discussion and Analysis ("CD&A") describes the significant elements of the Company's proposed executive compensation program.

"Named executive officer" ("NEO") means:


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A. a Chief Executive Officer ("CEO");
B. a Chief Financial Officer ("CFO");
C. each of the three most highly compensated executive officers, or the three most highly compensated individuals acting in a similar capacity, other than the CEO and CFO, at the end of the most recently completed financial year whose total compensation was, individually, more than $150,000 for that financial year; and
D. each individual who would be an NEO under paragraph (c) but for the fact that the individual was neither an executive officer of the Company, nor acting in a similar capacity, at the end of that financial year.

The NEOs who are the subject of this CD&A are Alexandre P. Boivin, CEO and Director and Olivier Berthiaume, CFO.

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

The Company's compensation program is intended to attract, motivate, reward and retain the management talent needed to achieve the Company's business objectives of improving overall corporate performance and creating long-term value for the Company's Shareholders. The compensation program is intended to reward executive officers on the basis of individual performance and achievement of corporate objectives, including the advancement of the exploration and development goals of the Company. The Company's current compensation program is comprised of base salary or fees and long-term incentives such as restricted share units ("RSUs" or "Units") and stock options ("Options").

The Board primarily relies on its discussion and determinations to determine the compensation of its NEOs, and in doing so, does not have any formal objectives, criteria and analysis. The compensation of the NEOs, directors and the Company's employees or consultants, if any, is reviewed, recommended and approved by the Board without reference to any specific formula or criteria. NEOs that are also directors of the Company are involved in discussion relating to compensation, and disclose their interest in and abstain from voting on compensation decision relating to them, as applicable, in accordance with the applicable corporate legislation.

In making compensation decisions, the Board strives to find a balance between short-term and long-term compensation and cash versus equity incentive compensation. Base salaries or fees primarily reward recent performance and incentive Options and RSUs encourage NEOs and directors to continue to deliver results over a longer period of time and serve as a retention tool. The annual salary or fee for each NEO, as applicable, is determined by the Board based on the level of responsibility and experience of the individual, the relative importance of the position to the Company, the professional qualifications of the individual and the performance of the individual over time. The NEOs' performances and salaries or fees are to be reviewed periodically. Increases in salary or fees are to be evaluated on an individual basis and are performance and market-based. The amount and award of cash bonuses to key executives and senior management is discretionary, depending on, among other factors, the financial performance of the Company and the position of a participant.

The Board examines the risks of its compensation policies and the purchase of financial instruments following listing. Under the Company's compensation policies and practices, NEOs and directors are not prevented from purchasing financial instruments, including prepaid variable forward contracts, equity swaps, collars or units of exchange funds, that are designed to hedge or offset a decrease in market value of equity securities granted as compensation or held, directly or indirectly, by the NEO or director.


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Share-Based and Option-Based Awards

The Company regards the strategic use of security issuances such as Options and RSUs ("Convertible Equity Securities") grants as a cornerstone of the Company's compensation plans. The Company is committed to long-term incentive programs that promote the continuity of an excellent management team and, therefore, the long-term success of the Company. These grants are made on the basis of the number of Convertible Equity Securities currently held, position, overall individual performance, anticipated contribution to the Company's future success and the individual's ability to influence corporate and business performance. The purpose of granting such Convertible Equity Securities is to assist the Company in compensating, attracting, retaining and motivating its officers and to closely align the personal interests of such persons to the interests of the Shareholders.

All grants of Options to the NEOs are reviewed and approved by the Board. In evaluating Option grants to an NEO, the Board evaluates a number of factors including, but not limited to: (i) the number of Options already held by such NEO; (ii) a fair balance between the number of Options held by the NEO concerned and the other executives of the Company, in light of their responsibilities and objectives; and (iii) the value of the Options (generally determined using a Black-Scholes analysis) as a component in the NEO's overall compensation package.

Summary Compensation Table

The following table presents information concerning all compensation paid, payable, awarded, granted, given, or otherwise provided, directly or indirectly, to NEOs by the Company during the year ended December 31, 2023 for services in all capacities to the Company during the three most recently completed financial years:

Name and Principal Position Year Salary ($) Share-based Awards ($)(1)(5) Option-based Awards ($)(2)(6) Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($)(3) Pension Value ($) All Other Compensation ($) Total Compensation ($)
Annual Incentive Plans Long-term Incentive Plans
Alexandre P. Boivin, CEO and Director(4) 2023 $170,000 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil $170,000
2022 $110,000 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil $110,000
2021 $54,000 Nil (57,143 RSUs) Nil (250,000 Options) Nil Nil Nil Nil $54,000
Olivier Berthiaume, CFO(5) 2023 $46,000 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil $46,000
2022 $32,500 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil $32,500
2021 $12,000 Nil (42,857 RSUs) Nil (200,000 Options) Nil Nil Nil Nil $12,000
Alexandre Lambert De Beaulieu Former Corporate Secretary and Director(6) 2023 $50,000 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil $50,000
2022 $53,600 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil $53,600
2021 $10,000 Nil (57,143 RSUs) Nil (250,000 Options) Nil Nil Nil Nil $10,000

(1) The Company is not responsible for any loss or damage to the Company's assets or securities.


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Notes:
(1) "Share-based awards" means an award under an equity incentive plan of equity-based instruments that do not have option-like features, including, for greater certainty, common shares, restricted shares, restricted share units, deferred share units, phantom shares, phantom share units, common share equivalent units, and stock. The fair market value of the RSUs was calculated using the market value of the Common Shares on the CSE on December 29, 2023, the last day the Common Shares were traded before the year end, of $0.34.
(2) "Option-based awards" means an award under an equity incentive plan of options, including, for greater certainty, share options, share appreciation rights, and similar instruments that have option-like features. The "grant date fair value" has been determined by using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.
(3) "Non-equity incentive plan compensation" includes all compensation under an incentive plan or portion of an incentive plan that is not an equity incentive plan.
(4) Alexandre Lambert De Beaulieu was appointed as a director of the Company on May 27, 2020 and Corporate Secretary on the same date and resigned as a director and Corporate Secretary on May 23, 2024.
(5) The RSUs had a weighted average fair value per share at grant date of $0.35 as at December 31, 2023.
(6) The Options had a weighted average exercise price of $0.35 as at December 31, 2023.

Narrative Discussion

Other than as set forth above, no NEO of the Company has received, during the most recently completed financial year, compensation pursuant to:

(a) compensation for committee participation or special assignments; or
(b) any other arrangement, in addition to, or in lieu of, any standard arrangement, for the compensation of NEOs in their capacity as NEOs.

Incentive Plan Awards

An "incentive plan" is any plan providing compensation that depends on achieving certain performance goals or similar conditions within a specified period. An "incentive plan award" means compensation awarded, earned, paid, or payable under an incentive plan.

The following table sets forth information in respect of all share-based awards and option-based awards outstanding at the end of the most recently completed financial year ended December 31, 2023 to the NEOs of the Company:

Option-based Awards Share-based Awards
Name Number of securities underlying unexercised options (#) Option exercise price ($) Option expiration date Value of unexercised in-the-money options ($) (2)(3) Number of shares or units of shares that have not vested (#) Market or payout value of share-based awards that have not vested ($) Market or payout value of vested share-based awards not paid out or distributed ($) (4)
Alexandre P. Boivin, CEO and Director Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil $29,714
Olivier Berthiaume, CFO Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil $22,285
Alexandre Lambert De Beaulieu(1), Former Corporate Secretary and Director Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil $29,714

Notes:
(1) Alexandre Lambert De Beaulieu was appointed as director of the Company on May 27, 2020 and Corporate Secretary on the same date and resigned as a director and Corporate Secretary on May 23, 2024.
(2) Unexercised "in-the-money" Options refer to the Options in respect of which the market value of the underlying securities as at the financial year end exceeds the exercise or base price of the Option.


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(3) The aggregate difference between the market value of the Common Shares on the CSE on December 29, 2023, the last day the Common Shares were traded before the year end, of $0.34 per Common Share, and the exercise price of the Options.

(4) The market value of the RSUs was calculated using the market value of the Common Shares on the CSE on December 29, 2023, the last day the Common Shares were traded before the year end, of $0.34.

None of the awards disclosed in the table above have been transferred at other than fair market value.

Incentive Plan Awards — Value Vested or Earned During the Year

The following table presents information concerning value vested with respect to option-based awards and share-based awards for each NEO during the most recently completed financial year ended December 31, 2023:

Name Option-based awards - Value vested during the year ($^{(1)(2)}) Share-based awards - Value vested during the year ($^{(3)(4)}) Non-equity incentive plan compensation - Value earned during the year ($)
Alexandre P. Boivin, CEO and Director Nil Nil Nil
Olivier Berthiaume, CFO Nil Nil Nil
Alexandre Lambert De Beaulieu, ^{(5)} Former Corporate Secretary and Director Nil Nil Nil

Notes:

(1) All option-based awards vested fully as of October 1, 2022.

(2) Based on the difference between the market price of the Options at the vesting date, or on the trading day prior to the vesting date if the vesting date falls on a non-trading day, and the exercise price.

(3) All share-based awards vested fully as of October 1, 2022.

(4) Based on the number of RSUs multiplied by the market price of the underlying Common Shares on the vesting date or on the trading day prior to the vesting date if the vesting date falls on a non-trading day.

(5) Alexandre Lambert De Beaulieu resigned as a director and Corporate Secretary on May 23, 2024.

Refer to the sections titled "Compensation Discussion and Analysis" and "Share-Based and Option-Based Awards", above, for a description of all plan based awards and their significant terms. There was no repricing of Options under the stock option plan or otherwise during the Company's most recently completed financial year ended December 31, 2023.

Pension Plan Benefits

The Company does not have a pension plan that provides for payments or benefits to the NEOs at, following, or in connection with retirement.

Defined Benefits Plans

The Company does not have a pension plan that provide for payments or benefits at, following, or in connection with retirement, excluding defined contribution plans.

Defined Contribution Plans

The Company does not have a pension plan that provides for payments or benefits at, following or in connection with retirement, excluding defined benefit plans.


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Deferred Compensation Plans

The Company does not have any deferred compensation plan with respect to any NEO.

Termination and Change of Control Benefits

The Company does not have any contracts, agreements, plans or arrangements in place with any NEOs that provides for payment following or in connection with any termination (whether voluntary, involuntary or constructive) resignation, retirement, a change of control of the Company or a change in an NEOs responsibilities.

Director Compensation

The Company has a written agreement with a director of the Company, William de Jong, pursuant to which the Company agreed to pay this individual an annual fee of $5,000, of which the payment of the annual fee was deferred, RSUs valued at $10,000 annually, and 150,000 Options annually. Alexandre P. Boivin as a Board member, is compensated through his management position with the Company.

The Company does not have any additional arrangements, standard or otherwise, pursuant to which directors are compensated by the Company for their services in their capacity as directors, or for committee participation, involvement in special assignments or for services as consultants or experts. As with the NEOs, the Board compensates directors primarily through the grant of stock, Convertible Equity Securities, and reimbursement of expenses incurred by such persons acting as directors of the Company.

Refer to the sections titled "Compensation Discussion and Analysis" and "Share-Based and Option-Based Awards", above, for a description of all plan based awards and their significant terms. There was no repricing of Options under the stock option plan or otherwise during the Company's most recently completed financial year ended December 31, 2023.

Director Compensation Table

The following table sets forth the details of all compensation provided to the Company's directors, other than the NEOs, during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Name Fees Earned ($) Share-based Awards ($)^{(4)} Option-based Awards ($)^{(5)} Non-equity inventive plan compensation ($) Pension Value ($) All Other Compensation ($) Total ($)
William de Jong, Director^{(1)} $ Nil Nil $ Nil $ Nil $ Nil $ Nil $ Nil
Juan Sanchez, Director^{(2)} $ Nil $ Nil $ Nil $ Nil $ Nil $ Nil $ Nil
Jean-Luc Peyrot Former Director^{(3)} $ Nil $ Nil $ Nil $ Nil $ Nil $ Nil $ Nil

Notes:
(1) William de Jong has been a director of the Company since March 4, 2021.
(2) Juan Sanchez has been a director of the Company since December 29, 2023.
(3) Jean-Luc Peyrot resigned as a director on May 23, 2024.
(4) No share-based awards were granted by the Company to non-NEO directors in the year ended December 31, 2023.
(5) No option-based awards were granted by the Company to non-NEO directors in the year ended December 31, 2023.


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Share-Based Awards, Options-Based Awards and Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation

The following table sets forth information in respect of all share-based awards and option-based awards outstanding at the end of the most recently completed financial year to the directors of the Company, other than NEOs, whose compensation is fully reflected in the summary compensation table for the NEOs:

Option-based Awards Share-based Awards
Name Number of securities underlying unexercised options (#) Option exercise price ($) Option expiration date Value of unexercised in-the-money options ($)(1)(2) Number of shares or units of shares that have not vested (#) Market or payout value of share-based awards that have not vested ($)(3) Market or payout value of vested share-based awards not paid out or distributed ($)
William de Jong, Director(1) Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil $14,856
Juan Sanchez, Director(2) Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil
Jean-Luc Peyrot Former Director(3) Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

Notes:
(1) Unexercised "in-the-money" Options refer to the Options in respect of which the market value of the underlying securities as at the financial year end exceeds the exercise or base price of the Option.
(2) The aggregate difference between the market value of the Common Shares on the CSE on December 29, 2023, the last day the Common Shares were traded before the year end, of $0.34 per Common Share, and the exercise price of the Options.
(3) The market value of the RSUs was calculated using the market value of the Common Shares on the CSE on December 29, 2023, the last day the Common Shares were traded before the year end, of $0.34.

Incentive Plan Awards — Value Vested or Earned During the Year

The following table presents information concerning value vested with respect to option-based awards and share-based awards for the directors of the Company during the most recently completed financial year ended December 31, 2023, other than NEOs, whose compensation is fully reflected in the summary compensation table for the NEOs:

Name Option-based awards - Value vested during the year ($)(1)(2) Share-based awards - Value vested during the year ($)(3)(4) Non-equity incentive plan compensation - Value earned during the year ($)
William de Jong, Director Nil Nil Nil
Jean-Luc Peyrot, Director Nil Nil Nil
Juan Sanchez, Director Nil Nil Nil

Notes:
(1) All option-based awards vested fully as of October 1, 2022.
(2) Based on the difference between the market price of the Options at the vesting date, or on the trading day prior to the vesting date if the vesting date falls on a non-trading day, and the exercise price.
(3) All share-based awards vested fully as of October 1, 2022.
(4) Based on the number of RSUs multiplied by the market price of the underlying Common Shares on the vesting date or on the trading day prior to the vesting date if the vesting date falls on a non-trading day.

Long Term Incentive Plans

The Company does not have a long-term incentive plan pursuant to which it provides compensation intended to motivate performance over a period greater than one financial year.


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Termination of Employment, Change in Responsibilities and Employment Contracts

The Company does not have any contracts, agreements, plans or arrangements in place with any NEOs that provides for payment following or in connection with any termination (whether voluntary, involuntary or constructive) resignation, retirement, a change of control of the Company or a change in an NEOs responsibilities.

SECURITIES AUTHORIZED FOR ISSUANCE UNDER EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS

The following table sets out, as of the end of the Company's fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, all required information with respect to compensation plans under which equity securities of the Company are authorized for issuance:

Plan Category Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (a) (1)(2)(3) Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights (b) Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) (c)
Equity compensation plans approved by securityholders 150,000 – Options
Nil – Warrants
214,285 – Units $0.35 – Options
$Nil – Warrants
$0.35 – Units 2,411,514 Common Shares
Equity compensation plans not approved by securityholders Nil Nil Nil
Total 150,000 – Options
Nil – Warrants
214,285 – Units $0.35 – Options
$Nil – Warrants
$0.35 – Units 2,411,514 Common Shares

Notes:
(1) Common Shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding Options.
(2) The aggregate number of Common Shares issued pursuant to the stock option plan, RSU plan, and any other of the Company's security-based compensation arrangements that provide for the issuance of Common Shares cannot exceed 10% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares of the Company on a non-diluted basis on each date of grant.
(3) Nil Options and RSUs are available for grant (10% of 27,757,993 issued and outstanding Common Shares as at December 31, 2023, minus the number of Options and RSUs granted, which was 2,775,799 as at December 31, 2023).

INDEBTEDNESS OF DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

To the best of management's knowledge, no director or executive officer of the Company is indebted to the Company as of thirty (30) days before the date of this Information Circular other than indebtedness incurred in the ordinary course of business, if any.

INTEREST OF INFORMED PERSONS IN MATERIAL TRANSACTIONS

No person who is, or who has been, a director, executive officer or employee of the Company or any associate of any of the aforementioned, is or has been indebted to the Company or any of its subsidiaries or to any entity which has been provided a guarantee, support agreement, letter of credit or similar arrangement by the Company at any time before the date of this Informational Circular.

APPOINTMENT OF AUDITOR

MNP LLP, Chartered Professional Accountants ("MNP"), is the current auditor of the Company and was first appointed by the Board on December 6, 2022 and by the Shareholders on December 29, 2023. At the Meeting, Shareholders will be asked to re-appoint MNP as auditors of the Company to hold office until the


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conclusion of the next annual meeting of the Shareholders and to authorize the Board to fix the auditors' remuneration payable thereto.

Management recommends the appointment of MNP LLP, to serve as auditor of the Company for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 at a remuneration to be fixed by the Board.

APPROVAL OF LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE INCENTIVE PLAN

Long-Term Performance Incentive Plan

Under the policies of the Canadian Securities Exchange (the "CSE") effective as of April 3, 2023, all listed companies with a 10% rolling incentive plans are required to obtain shareholder approval of such plan every three years.

The Shareholders who are considered to be disinterested shareholders for the purpose hereunder will be asked to consider and, if thought appropriate, to approve the Company's long-term performance incentive plan (the "LTIP") in the form described herein, for the ensuing three-year period. The Company's Board approved the LTIP on February 11, 2025. The resolution relating to the LTIP (the "LTIP Resolution") and a copy of the LTIP are annexed here as Schedule "B" and Schedule "C", respectively. As of the date of this Information Circular, no grants have been made under the LTIP.

Prior to the adoption of the LTIP by the Board, the two security-based compensation plans which the Company had available in order to attract, retain and motivate directors, officers, senior executives and other employees of the Company and consultants and service providers providing ongoing services to the Company, were the stock option plan and the restricted share unit plan (the "Existing Plans"), pursuant to which the Board was able to grant stock options and RSUs to such individuals. The Board determined it was in the best interests of the Company to adopt a new security-based compensation plan which would provide the Board with the ability and flexibility to make broader and different forms of equity rewards as part of its need to retain a competitive compensation structure for its directors, officers, executives, employees, consultants and service providers. The LTIP will supersede the Existing Option Plans and accordingly no further stock options and RSUs will be granted under the Existing Option Plans.

Consequently, the Board adopted the LTIP as a means to grant: (i) stock options ("Options"), (ii) restricted share units ("RSUs"), (iii) deferred share units ("DSUs"), (iv) share appreciation rights ("SARs") and (v) performance stock units ("PSUs") and collectively with the Options, RSUs, DSUs and SARs, the "Security-Based Compensation Awards") to directors, officers, and other employees of the Company or a subsidiary, consultants and service providers providing ongoing services to the Company and its affiliates ("Eligible Participants").

Summary of the LTIP

Number of Common Shares Reserved

The LTIP is a "rolling" stock plan, permitting the issuance of (i) Options and (ii) RSUs, DSUs, PSUs and SARs, of up to ten (10%) percent of the issued and outstanding Common Shares in respect of awards granted.

Vesting

  • All RSUs will vest and become payable by the issuance of Common Shares at the end of the Restriction Period.

  • All PSUs will vest and become payable to the extent that the Performance Criteria set forth in the Award Agreement are satisfied for the Performance Cycle.
  • Each Participant shall be entitled to receive, after the effective date that the Participant ceases to be an Eligible Person for any reason or any other vesting period as provided in the Award Agreement, as the case may be, that number of Common Shares equal to the number of DSUs credited to the Participant’s Account.
  • The Board shall, in its sole discretion, determine any and all conditions to the vesting of any Options to a Participant.
  • SARs shall be granted on such terms as shall be determined by the Board and set out in the Award Agreement (including any terms pertaining to vesting and settlement), provided the term of any SAR granted under this Plan shall not exceed ten (10) years.

Transferability

Except as otherwise provided in an Award Agreement, no Award and no right under any such Award, shall be assignable, alienable, saleable, or transferable by a Participant otherwise than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution.

Administration

The LTIP is administered by the Board.

Amendment

The Board may at any time or from time to time, in its sole and absolute discretion, amend, suspend, terminate or discontinue the LTIP and may amend the terms and conditions of any Awards granted hereunder, subject to (a) any required approval of any applicable regulatory authority or the CSE, and (b) any approval of disinterested shareholders of the Company as required by the rules of the CSE or applicable law, provided that disinterested shareholder approval shall not be required for the following amendments and the Board may make any changes which may include but are not limited to:

  • amendments of a "housekeeping nature";
  • any amendment for the purpose of curing any ambiguity, error or omission in the LTIP or to correct or supplement any provision of the LTIP that is inconsistent with any other provision of the LTIP;
  • an amendment which is necessary to comply with applicable law or the requirements of the CSE;
  • amendments respecting administration and eligibility for participation under the LTIP;
  • changes to the terms and conditions on which Awards may be or have been granted pursuant to the LTIP including changes to the vesting provisions and terms of any Awards;
  • any amendment which alters, extends or accelerates the terms of vesting applicable to any Award; and

  • changes to the termination provisions of an Award or the LTIP which do not entail an extension beyond the original fixed term.

See "Statement of Executive Compensation" as well as a full copy of the LTIP attached hereto as Schedule "C", which qualifies the foregoing summary in its entirety.

Shareholder Approval of the LTIP

The LTIP Resolution shall need to be passed by a majority of the votes cast at the Meeting by disinterested shareholders. The Eligible Participants are not disinterested shareholders and, as a result, they will not vote their Common Shares with respect to the LTIP Resolution. Based on available information, these excluded Shareholders and their respective associates and affiliates hold an aggregate of 14,328,209 Common Shares, representing 39% of the issued and outstanding common shares.

The form of the LTIP may be amended in order to satisfy the requirements or requests of any regulatory authorities or stock exchange without further approval of the shareholders of the Company.

Unless instructed otherwise, the persons whose names are printed on the form of proxy intend to vote at the Meeting FOR the approval of the LTIP Resolution. The LTIP Resolution will only come into force if it is passed by a majority of the votes cast by the disinterested shareholders present or represented by proxy at the Meeting.

APPROVAL OF CONTINUATION TO BRITISH COLUMBIA

The Company is currently incorporated under the Canada Business Corporations Act ("CBCA"). Management of the Company is of the view that the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) ("BCBCA") is consistent with corporate legislation in most other Canadian jurisdictions and will provide the Company's shareholders with substantially the same rights that are available to the shareholders under the CBCA.

At the Meeting, shareholders will be asked to consider and, if deemed appropriate, to pass, with or without variation, a special resolution, in the form set out below, approving the continuation of the Company to the Province of British Columbia (the "Continuation"). Upon the completion of the Continuation from the federal jurisdiction of Canada under the CBCA into the provincial jurisdiction of British Columbia, the CBCA will cease to apply to the Company and the Company will become subject to the BCBCA as if it had been originally incorporated under the BCBCA. The articles and the by-laws of the Company will be replaced by a notice of articles and articles, the proposed form of articles (the "Proposed Articles") is attached as Schedule "D". If the Continuance is approved by the Shareholders, the Company intends to file with the British Columbia Registrar of Companies, under the BCBCA, a continuation application. The continuation application will include the Company's Proposed Articles. The registration of the Continuation does not create a new legal entity, nor does it prejudice or affect the continuity of the Company; however, the Continuation of the Company under the BCBCA will affect certain rights of Shareholders as they currently exist under the CBCA. The Continuance will not result in any change in the assets, liabilities, net worth, management or share capital of the Company. The Continuance is not a reorganization, amalgamation or merger. The number of Common Shares held by Shareholders will not be altered by the Continuance (other than with respect to Shareholders who dissent to the Continuation Resolution in accordance with Section 190 of the CBCA). Set out below under the heading "The Continuation - Comparison of CBCA and BCBCA" is a summary of some of the key differences in corporate law between the CBCA and the BCBCA. A description of the key differences between the current articles and by-laws of the Company and the Proposed Articles can be found under "The Continuation - Comparison of the Company's Articles and By-Laws and Proposed Articles".


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To be effective, the Continuation Resolution must be approved by special resolution. To pass, a special resolution requires a majority of not less than two-thirds of the votes cast by Shareholders who vote in person or by Proxy at the Meeting. If Shareholder approval for the Continuation is not obtained, the Company will remain a federal corporation, subject to the requirements of the CBCA. If the Continuation Resolution is approved at the Meeting, the Continuation is expected to be affected as soon as possible after the Meeting. Registered Shareholders have certain rights of dissent in respect of the Continuation. Dissent Rights will be applicable in the manner provided in Section 190 of the CBCA, which is reprinted in its entirety in Schedule "E".

The Continuation

For corporate and administrative reasons, the Board is of the view that it would be appropriate to continue the Company as a British Columbia company. The Company believes the BCBCA is a more modern corporate statute that provides additional flexibility to the Company in a number of areas. The BCBCA provides increased flexibility with respect to capital management, resulting from more flexible rules relating to dividends, share purchases, redemption, consolidations and accounting for capital. In addition, the harmonization of the BCBCA with applicable securities laws has reduced the regulatory burden as compared to other Canadian jurisdictions.

The Continuation Resolution confers discretionary authority on the Board to revoke the Continuation Resolution before the Continuation occurs. The Board may exercise its discretion and elect not to proceed with the Continuation, notwithstanding Shareholder approval, for any number of reasons, including, for example, the number of Registered Shareholders that dissent in respect of the Continuation Resolution.

Procedure for Continuation

In order to affect the Continuance:

  1. the Company must obtain the approval of its Shareholders to the Continuance by way of the Continuation Resolution, being a special resolution to be passed by not less than two-thirds of the votes cast at the Meeting in person or by proxy;

  2. the Company must make a written application to the Director (the "Director") under the CBCA for consent to continue under the BCBCA, such written application to establish to the satisfaction of the Director that the proposed Continuance will not adversely affect the Company's creditors or shareholders;

  3. once the Continuation Resolution is passed and the Company has obtained the consent of the Director under the CBCA, in order to obtain a certificate of continuation (the "Certificate of Continuance") under the BCBCA, the Company must file with the Registrar of Companies under the BCBCA (the "Registrar") a continuation application along with the consent of the Director under the CBCA, and certain prescribed documents under the BCBCA, including the articles that the Company will have once it is continued into British Columbia;

  4. on the date shown on the Certificate of Continuance, the Company will become a company registered under the BCBCA as if it had been incorporated under the BCBCA; and

  5. the Company must then file a copy of the Certificate of Continuation with the Director and receive a certificate of discontinuance under the CBCA (the "Certificate of Discontinuance").


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Effect of Continuation

Upon receipt of the Certificate of Continuance, the Company will become subject to the BCBCA as if it had been incorporated under the BCBCA, and upon receipt of the Certificate of Discontinuance, the CBCA will cease to apply to the Company, thereby completing the Continuance. The Continuance will not create a new legal entity, affect the continuity of the Company or result in a change in its business. However, the Continuance will affect certain rights of Shareholders as they currently exist under the CBCA and the Company's existing articles and by-laws. Set out below under "Comparison of CBCA and BCBCA" is a summary of some of the key differences in corporate law between the CBCA and BCBCA. A brief description of the material differences between the Company's current articles and by-laws and the Proposed Articles, is set out under "Comparison of the Company's Articles and By-Laws and Proposed Articles" below.

The BCBCA provides that when a foreign corporation continues under such legislation:

  1. the property, rights and interests of the foreign corporation continue to be the property, rights and interests of the company;
  2. the company continues to be liable for the obligations of the foreign corporation;
  3. an existing cause of action, claim or liability to prosecution is unaffected;
  4. a legal proceeding being prosecuted or pending by or against the foreign corporation may be prosecuted or its prosecution may be continued, as the case may be, by or against the company; and
  5. a conviction against, or a ruling, order or judgment in favour of or against, the foreign corporation may be enforced by or against the company.

As of the effective date of the Continuance, the Company's current constating documents - its articles and by-laws under the CBCA - will be replaced with a notice of articles and the Proposed Articles under the BCBCA, the legal domicile of the Company will be the Province of British Columbia and the Company will no longer be subject to the provisions of the CBCA.

Comparison of CBCA and BCBCA

Upon the completion of the Continuance, the Company will be governed by the BCBCA. Although the rights and privileges of shareholders under the CBCA are in many instances comparable to those under the BCBCA, there are several notable differences and shareholders are advised to review the information contained in this Information Circular and to consult with their professional advisors.

In general terms, the BCBCA provides to Shareholders substantively the same rights as are available to Shareholders under the CBCA, including rights of dissent and appraisal and rights to bring derivative actions and oppression actions. There are, however, important differences concerning the qualifications of directors, location of shareholder meetings, certain shareholder remedies and other matters. The following is a summary comparison of certain provisions of the BCBCA and the CBCA. This summary is not intended to be exhaustive and is qualified in its entirety by the full provisions of the CBCA and the BCBCA, as applicable.


  • 24 -

Charter Documents

The form of the charter documents for a BCBCA company is quite different from the form for a CBCA corporation.

Under the CBCA, the charter documents consist of: (i) "articles", which set forth, among other things, the name of the corporation, the province in which the corporation's registered office is to be located, the authorized share capital including any rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions thereon, whether there are any restrictions on the transfer of shares of the corporation, the number of directors (or the minimum and maximum number of directors), and any restrictions on the business that the corporation may carry on, and (ii) "by-laws", which govern the management of the corporation's affairs. The articles are filed with the Director under the CBCA and the by-laws are filed at the corporation's registered office.

Under the BCBCA, the charter documents consist of (i) a "notice of articles", which sets forth, among other things, the name of the company, the company's registered and records office, the names and addresses of the directors of the company and the amount and type of authorized capital and whether special rights or restrictions are attached to each class or series thereof, and (ii) "articles" which govern the management of the company's affairs and set out any special rights or restrictions attached to each authorized class or series of shares. The notice of articles is filed with the Registrar and the articles are filed only at the company's registered and records office.

A copy of the Proposed Articles under the BCBCA are attached to this Information Circular as Schedule "D". A brief description of the material differences between the Company's current articles by-laws and the Proposed Articles is set out under "Comparison of the Company's Articles and By-Laws and Proposed Articles" below.

Sale of Business or Assets

Under the CBCA a sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all the property of a corporation other than in the ordinary course of business requires a special resolution passed by two-thirds of votes cast by shareholders at a meeting called to approve such transaction. If such a transaction would affect a particular class or series of shares of the corporation in a manner different from the shares of another class or series of the corporation entitled to vote on such transaction, the holders of such first mentioned class or series of shares, whether or not they are otherwise entitled to vote, are entitled to vote separately as a class or series.

The BCBCA requires the sale, lease or other disposition of all or substantially all of a corporation's undertaking, other than in the ordinary course of its business, to be authorized by special resolution, being a resolution passed by shareholders where the majority of the votes cast by shareholders entitled to vote on the resolution constitutes a special majority (i.e., two-thirds of the votes cast, unless a greater majority of up to three-quarters is required by the articles). The BCBCA contains a number of exceptions that are not included in the CBCA, such as with respect to dispositions by way of security interests, certain kinds of leases and dispositions to related corporations or entities.

Amendments to the Charter Documents

Any substantive change to the articles of a corporation under the CBCA, such as an alteration of the restrictions, if any, on the business that may be carried on by the corporation, a change in the name of the corporation or an increase or reduction of the authorized capital of the corporation requires a special resolution passed by not less than two-thirds of the votes cast by shareholders at a meeting called to approve such change. Other fundamental changes such as an alteration of special rights and restrictions attached to the issued shares or a proposed amalgamation or continuation of a corporation out of the jurisdiction also


  • 25 -

require a special resolution passed by not less than two-thirds of the votes cast by the holders of shares of each class entitled to vote at a general meeting of the corporation. The holders of shares of a class or of a series are, in certain situations and unless the articles provide otherwise, entitled to vote separately as a class or series upon a proposal to amend the articles. Under the CBCA, changes to by-laws require shareholder approval by ordinary resolution passed by a simple majority of the votes cast by shareholders at a meeting called to approve such change. The board of directors of a CBCA corporation may amend the by-laws of the corporation with immediate effect, subject to the amendment ceasing to have effect if it is not approved by shareholders by ordinary resolution at the next shareholder meeting.

The BCBCA requires that changes made to constating documents be made by the type of resolution specified in the BCBCA; if the BCBCA does not specify the type of resolution in the company's articles; or if neither the BCBCA nor the company's articles specify the type of resolution then the approval is by special resolution. Accordingly, certain alterations to a BCBCA company, such as a name change or certain changes in its authorized share structure, can be approved by a different type of resolution (including by directors' resolution), in certain cases, such as the change of the company's name or a subdivision or consolidation of a class or series of the company's shares, where specified in the articles, subject always to the requirement that a right or special right attached to issued shares must not be prejudiced or interfered with under the BCBCA or under the notice of articles or articles unless the shareholders holding shares of the class or series of shares to which such right or special right is attached consent by a special separate resolution of those shareholders.

In order to provide greater flexibility to the Company and reduce the administrative costs associated with certain categories of non-substantive amendments to the Company's constating documents going forward, the Proposed Articles specify that certain alterations to the constating documents may be made by a director resolution or by ordinary resolution. The BCBCA is slightly less flexible than the CBCA with respect to the timing for adopting changes to the constating documents. Changes to the articles of a BCBCA company require approval by shareholders in order to become effective. If the changes to the articles of a BCBCA company would render the information in the notice of articles incorrect or alter special rights or restrictions attached to the shares of the company, the changes are not effective until a notice of alteration has been filed with the Registrar under the BCBCA.

Rights of Dissent and Appraisal

The BCBCA provides that shareholders who dissent to certain actions being taken by a company may exercise a right of dissent and require the company to purchase the shares held by such shareholder at the fair value of such shares. The dissent right is available to shareholders, whether or not their shares carry the right to vote, where the company proposes:

  1. to alter the articles to alter restrictions on the powers of the company or on the business it is permitted to carry on;
  2. to adopt an amalgamation agreement;
  3. to approve an amalgamation into a foreign jurisdiction;
  4. to approve an arrangement, the terms of which arrangement permit dissent or where the right of dissent is given pursuant to a court order;
  5. to authorize or ratify the sale, lease or other disposition of all or substantially all of the company's undertaking;

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  • to authorize the continuation of the company into a jurisdiction other than British Columbia;

  • to approve any other resolution, if dissent is authorized by the resolution; or a matter to which dissent rights are permitted by court order.

The CBCA contains a similar dissent remedy. However, the procedure for exercising this remedy under the CBCA is different than that contained in the BCBCA. The dissent provisions of the CBCA are provided in Section 190 thereof which is set forth in Schedule "E" to this Information Circular. Under the CBCA and BCBCA, the dissenting shareholder must generally send notice of dissent prior to the resolution being passed.

Oppression Remedies

Under the BCBCA, a shareholder of a company has the right to apply to court on the grounds that:

  1. the affairs of the company are being or have been conducted, or that the powers of the directors are being or have been exercised, in a manner oppressive to one or more of the shareholders, including the applicant, or
  2. some act of the company has been done or is threatened, or that some resolution of the shareholders or of the shareholders holding shares of a class or series of shares has been passed or is proposed, that is unfairly prejudicial to one or more of the shareholders, including the applicant.

On such an application under the BCBCA, the court can grant a variety of remedies, ranging from an order restraining the conduct complained of to an order requiring the company to repurchase the shareholder's shares or an order liquidating the company. Unlike under the CBCA, the remedy under the BCBCA is not expressly available for "unfairly disregarding the interests" of a shareholder.

The CBCA includes an oppression remedy, which is very similar to that provided under the BCBCA. However, the CBCA will only allow a court to grant relief if the oppressive or prejudicial effect actually exists, while the BCBCA will allow a court to grant relief where a prejudicial effect to the shareholder is merely threatened. In addition, under the BCBCA non-shareholders require the leave of a court in order to bring an oppression claim while any security holder, director or officer (or former director or officer) may bring an oppression claim pursuant to the CBCA. This is due to the fact that the oppression remedy under the BCBCA relates only to acts that are oppressive or unfairly prejudicial to shareholders of a company, whereas the oppression remedy under the CBCA relates to acts that are oppressive or unfairly prejudicial to any security holder, creditor, director or officer of a corporation.

Shareholder Proposals

Under the BCBCA, a registered shareholder, beneficial shareholder or director of a company may, with judicial leave, bring an action in the name and on behalf of the company to enforce a right, duty or obligation owed to the company that could be enforced by the company itself or to obtain damages for any breach of such right, duty or obligation. There is a similar right of a shareholder or director, with judicial leave, and in the name and on behalf of the company, to defend an action brought against the company.

The CBCA extends the right to a broader group of complainants as it affords the right to a registered shareholder, former registered shareholder, beneficial shareholder, former beneficial shareholder, director, former director, officer and a former officer of a corporation or any of its affiliates, and any person who, in the discretion of the court, is a proper person to make an application to court to bring a derivative action.


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In addition, the CBCA permits derivative actions to be commenced in the name and on behalf of not only the corporation, but also any of its subsidiaries.

Place of Meetings

Subject to certain exceptions, the CBCA provides that meetings of shareholders shall be held at the place within Canada provided in the by-laws or, in the absence of such provision, at the place within Canada that the directors determine. A meeting may be held outside Canada if the place is specified in the articles, or all the shareholders entitled to vote at the meeting agree that the meeting is to be held at that place.

Under the BCBCA, general meetings of shareholders are to be held in British Columbia, or may be held at a location outside of British Columbia if: (i) the location is provided for in the articles, (ii) the articles do not restrict the company from approving a location outside of British Columbia and the location is approved by the resolution required by the articles for that purpose, or if no resolution is required for that purpose by the articles, is approved by ordinary resolution, or (iii) the location is approved in writing by the Registrar before the meeting is held. In the case of a fully virtual meeting of the shareholders, this means that the Company may first require an order of the court under the BCBCA, unlike under the CBCA where fully virtual meetings are specifically permitted. Hybrid shareholder meetings, which comprise both an in-person and virtual element, are permitted under the BCBCA. The Company may hold hybrid shareholder meetings following the Continuance in order to provide a safe forum in light of the ongoing public health concerns posed by COVID-19 and to allow for greater shareholder participation in such meetings.

Flexibility in Structuring Transactions

The BCBCA provides greater flexibility to implement certain transactions than the CBCA does. Unlike the CBCA, the BCBCA permits a subsidiary to hold shares of its parent. The BCBCA also permits a corporate group to implement horizontal short-form amalgamations even though all the shares of the amalgamating companies are not held by the same company within the group and permits a company to amalgamate with a foreign corporation to form a British Columbia company, if permitted by the foreign jurisdiction.

Constitutional Jurisdiction

Other significant differences in the statutes arise from the differences in the constitutional jurisdiction of the federal and provincial governments. For example, a CBCA corporation has the capacity to carry on business throughout Canada. Similarly, under the BCBCA the registered office must be situated in British Columbia, whereas under the CBCA, the registered office of the corporation must be situated in the province specified in its articles. A BCBCA company is only allowed to carry on business in another province where that other province allows it to register to do so. A CBCA corporation is subject to provincial laws of general application, but a province cannot pass laws directed specifically at restricting a CBCA corporation's ability to carry on business in that province. If another province so chooses, however, it can restrict a BCBCA company's ability to carry on business within that province. Also, a CBCA corporation will not have to change its name if it wants to do business in a province where there is already a corporation with a similar name, whereas a BCBCA company may not be allowed to use its name in that other province.

Removal of Directors

Under the CBCA, directors may be removed by an ordinary resolution passed by a majority of the votes cast by the shareholders, in person or by proxy. The CBCA further provides that where the holders of any class or series of shares of a corporation have an exclusive right to elect one or more directors, a director


  • 28 -

so elected may only be removed by an ordinary resolution at a meeting of the shareholders of that class or series.

The BCBCA provides that the shareholders of a company may remove one or more directors by a special resolution or, if the articles provide that a director may be removed by a resolution of the shareholders entitled to vote at general meetings passed by less than a special majority or may be removed by some other method, or by the resolution or method specified in the articles. Similar to the CBCA, the BCBCA further provides that if holders of a class or series of shares have the exclusive right to elect or appoint one or more directors, a director so elected or appointed may only be removed by a special separate resolution of the shareholders of that class or series or, if the articles provide that such a director may be removed by a separate resolution of those shareholders passed by a majority of votes that is less than the majority of votes required to pass a special separate resolution or may be removed by some other method, or by the resolution or method specified in the articles.

Directors' Residency Requirements

The BCBCA provides that a reporting issuer must have a minimum of three directors but does not have any residency requirements for directors. Under the CBCA, at least one-quarter of the directors must be resident Canadians, unless the corporation has less than four directors, in which case at least one director must be a resident Canadian. Subject to certain exceptions, an individual has to be a Canadian citizen or permanent resident ordinarily resident in Canada to be considered a resident Canadian under the CBCA.

Constitutional Jurisdiction

Other significant differences in the statutes arise from the differences in the constitutional jurisdiction of the federal and provincial governments. For example, a CBCA corporation has the capacity to carry on business throughout Canada as a right. A BCBCA company is only allowed to carry on business in another province where that other province allows it to register to do so. A CBCA corporation is subject to provincial laws of general application, but a province cannot pass laws directed specifically at restricting a CBCA corporation's ability to carry on business in that province. If another province so chooses, however, it can restrict a BCBCA company's ability to carry on business within that province. Also, a CBCA corporation will not have to change its name if it wants to do business in a province where there is already a corporation with a similar name, whereas a BCBCA company may not be allowed to use its name in that other province if that name, or a similar one, is already in use. Under the BCBCA, the registered office must be situated in British Columbia, whereas under the CBCA, the registered office of a corporation must be situated in the province specified in its articles.

Reduction of Capital

Under the CBCA, capital may be reduced by special resolution, but not if there are reasonable grounds for believing that, after the reduction, (i) the corporation would be unable to pay its liabilities as they become due; or (ii) the realizable value of the corporation's assets would be less than the aggregate of its liabilities.

Under the BCBCA, capital may be reduced by special resolution or court order. A court order is required if the realizable value of the company's assets would, after the reduction of capital, be less than the aggregate of its liabilities.

Compulsory Acquisition

The CBCA provides a right of compulsory acquisition for an offeror that acquires 90% of the target securities pursuant to a take-over bid or issuer bid, other than securities held at the date of the bid by or on


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behalf of the offeror. The CBCA also provides that where an offeror acquires 90% or more of the target securities, a security holder who did not accept the original offer may require the corporation to acquire the security holder's securities in accordance with the procedure set out in the CBCA.

The BCBCA provides a substantively similar right, although the BCBCA is limited in its application to the acquisition of shares and there are differences in the procedures and process. The BCBCA provides that where an offeror does not use the compulsory acquisition right when entitled to do so, a shareholder who did not accept the original offer may require the offeror to acquire the shareholder's shares on the same terms contained in the original offer.

Comparison of the Company's Articles and By-Laws and Proposed Articles

The articles of the Company proposed to be adopted in connection with the Continuation are substantially similar to the current articles and by-laws of the Company. The Proposed Articles have been prepared with a view to corporate governance best practices under the BCBCA. It is customary under the BCBCA to not duplicate in the articles provisions of applicable law contained in such legislation, which results in the articles of British Columbia corporations being less duplicative than the by-laws of corporations existing under the CBCA. The omission of certain provisions of the current corporation by-laws from the Proposed Articles as a result of such matters being governed by the provisions of the BCBCA will not materially affect the substantive rights of Shareholders or the procedural aspects of the Company's by-laws, except to the extent described below or as a result of the differences in the BCBCA and the CBCA, as discussed above under "The Continuation - Comparison of CBCA and BCBCA".

Set out below is a summary of the certain differences between the Company's articles and by-laws, as they exist today, and the provisions of the Proposed Articles. Shareholders are urged to review all such documents before determining whether to vote in favour of the Continuation Resolution. The summary of the provisions of such documents included below is qualified in its entirety by the complete text of such documents.

Corporate Actions

The CBCA requires that certain matters be approved by shareholders by special resolution. Under the BCBCA, there is flexibility to provide for different approval requirements for some matters in the articles. The Company proposes to adopt the more flexible approach under the BCBCA in order to be able to more readily react and adapt to changing business conditions.

As a result, as allowed under the BCBCA, the Proposed Articles provide for the following matters (which currently require approval by special resolution) to require a directors' resolution only, and not require a shareholders' resolution (recognizing that regulatory authorities may require shareholder approval in certain cases):

  1. create one or more classes or series of shares or, if none of the shares of a class or series of shares are allotted or issued, eliminate that class or series of shares;
  2. increase, reduce or eliminate the maximum number of shares that the Company is authorized to issue out of any class or series of shares or establish a maximum number of shares that the Company is authorized to issue out of any class or series of shares for which no maximum is established a subdivision of all or any of the unissued, or fully paid issued, shares;
  3. change all or any of its unissued, or fully paid issued, shares with par value into shares without par value or any of its unissued shares without par value into shares with par value;

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  • otherwise alter its shares or authorized share structure when required or permitted to do so by the BCBCA;

  • subdivide or consolidate all or any of its unissued, or fully paid issued, shares;
  • alter the identifying name of any of its shares; and
  • change the name of the Company.

Other capital and share structure changes and amendments to the articles will continue to require shareholder approval; however, the Proposed Articles provide that unless otherwise specified in the Proposed Articles or the BCBCA, alterations to the Proposed Articles will require a director resolution only. The creation, variation or elimination of special rights or restrictions attached to issued and outstanding shares will nevertheless continue to require shareholder approval by ordinary resolution. In addition, various fundamental transactional matters, such as amalgamations, arrangements and a sale of substantially all of the undertaking of the Company will continue to require approval by special resolution pursuant to the BCBCA.

Removal of Directors

Under the CBCA, directors may be removed by shareholders by ordinary resolution (simple majority) passed at an annual or special meeting of shareholders. A company may remove a director before the expiration of the director's term of office under the BCBCA by special resolution, or if the articles of the company permit, either by less than a special majority (two-thirds) or by some other method or resolution specified. The Proposed Articles stipulate that Shareholders may remove any Director before the expiration of his or her term of office by special resolution. The Proposed Articles also stipulate that Directors may remove any Director before the expiration of his or her term of office if the Director is convicted of an indictable offence, or if the Director ceases to be qualified to act as a director of the company in accordance with the BCBCA and does not promptly resign.

Shareholder Approval

Shareholders will be asked at the Meeting to vote on the Continuation Resolution, the text of which is set out below, approving the Continuation. To be effective, the Continuation Resolution must be approved by special resolution. To pass, a special resolution requires a majority of not less than two-thirds of the votes cast by Shareholders who vote in person or by Proxy at the Meeting. If Shareholder approval for the Continuation is not obtained, the Company will remain a federal corporation, subject to the requirements of the CBCA. If the Continuation Resolution is approved at the Meeting, the Continuation is expected to be affected as soon as possible after the Meeting.

Notwithstanding the above, the Continuation Resolution confers discretionary authority on the Board to revoke the Continuation Resolution before the Continuation occurs. The Board may exercise its discretion and elect not to proceed with the Continuation, notwithstanding Shareholder approval, for any number of reasons, including, for example, the number of Registered Shareholders that dissent in respect of the Continuation Resolution.

Shareholders will be asked at the Meeting to pass the Continuation Resolution, the text of which will be substantially the form as follows:


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"BE IT RESOLVED AS A SPECIAL RESOLUTION THAT:

  1. the Company is hereby authorized to apply to the Director under the CBCA for authorization pursuant to Section 188 of the CBCA to discontinue the Company from the CBCA and to apply to the Registrar of Companies under the BCBCA for a Certificate of Continuation continuing the Company as if it had been incorporated under the BCBCA;

  2. any one of the director or officer of the Company is hereby authorized to do, sign and execute all such further things, deeds, documents or writings necessary or desirable in connection with the application by the Company for the authorization by the Director, or any other matter relating to Section 188 of the CBCA and Section 302 of the BCBCA;

  3. subject to and conditional upon the authorization of the Director pursuant to Section 188 of the CBCA:

a. any one director or officer of the Company is hereby authorized and directed to make application to the Registrar of Companies of British Columbia for a Certificate of Continuation of the Company pursuant to Section 302 of the BCBCA;

b. the Company adopts and confirms the Continuation Application, Notice of Articles and Articles in substitution, substantially in the form attached Schedule "D" to the Information Circular, for the existing Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws of the Company, to be effective upon the issuance of a Certificate of Continuation by the Registrar appointed under the BCBCA, and all amendments reflected therein, are approved and adopted;

c. any agent in the Province of British Columbia, as selected by any director or officer or the Company, be appointed as the Company's agent to electronically file the Continuation Application with the BC Registrar and to apply to Industry Canada for authorization permitting the continuation and to request a Certificate of Discontinuation under the CBCA;

d. any one director or officer of the Company is hereby authorized to take all such actions and execute and deliver all such documents in connection with the application to the British Columbia Registrar of Companies for a Certificate of Continuation under the BCBCA including, without limitation, the Continuation Application, Notice of Articles and Articles in the forms prescribed by the BCBCA or approved by the directors, and certifying that the Company is in good standing and that the continuation will not adversely affect the shareholders' or creditors' rights; and

e. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the directors of the Company are hereby authorized, without further approval of or notice to the shareholders of the Company, to determine the time to effect each of the matters approved by these resolutions or to abandon the application to continue if, in the directors' discretion, the directors deem such abandonment to be advisable."

The Board recommends that the Shareholders vote IN FAVOUR of approving the Continuation. Unless the shareholder has specifically instructed in the enclosed form of proxy that the Common Shares represented by such proxy are to be voted against, the persons named in the accompanying proxy will vote FOR the Continuation Resolution.


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AUDIT COMMITTEE DISCLOSURE

General

The Audit Committee is a standing committee of the Board, the primary function of which is to assist the Board in fulfilling its financial oversight responsibilities, which will include monitoring the quality and integrity of the Company's financial statements and the independence and performance of the Company's external auditor, acting as a liaison between the Board and the Company's external auditor, reviewing the financial information that will be publicly disclosed and reviewing all audit processes and the systems of internal controls management and the Board have established.

Audit Committee Charter

The Company has adopted an Audit Committee charter (the "Audit Committee Charter"), which sets out the Audit Committee's mandate, organization, powers and responsibilities. The Audit Committee Charter is available for review in the attached Schedule "A".

Composition

The Audit Committee currently consists of the following three directors. Also, indicated is whether they are "independent" and "financially literate".

Name of Member Independent^{(1)} Financially Literate^{(2)}
Pietro Solari Yes Yes
Alexandre P. Boivin No Yes
Juan Fernando Sanchez Yes Yes

Notes:
(1) A member of the Audit Committee is independent if he has no direct or indirect "material relationship" with the Company. A material relationship is a relationship which could, in the view of the Board, reasonably interfere with the exercise of a member's independent judgment. An executive officer of the Company, such as the President or Secretary, is deemed to have a material relationship with the Company.
(2) A member of the Audit Committee is financially literate if they have the ability to read and understand a set of financial statements that present a breadth and level of complexity of accounting issues that are generally comparable to the breadth and complexity of the issues that can reasonably be expected to be raised by the Company's financial statements.

Because the Common Shares of the Company are listed on the Canadian Securities Exchange, it is categorized as a venture issuer. As a result, National Instrument 52-110 - Audit Committees ("NI 52-110") exempts the members of the Company's Audit Committee from being independent.

The Board has determined that Mr. Solari and Mr. Sanchez are independent in accordance with applicable law and are financially literate.

Relevant Education and Experience

The education and experience of each Audit Committee member that is relevant to the performance of their responsibilities as an Audit Committee member is as follows:

Pietro Solari - Mr. Solari, a Swiss citizen, started his professional career in mining in the 1980's, at the young age of 23, as Treasurer of United Mining Corporation, a NASDAQ listed company which at the time had consolidated the -Comstock Lode- in Virginia City, NV, USA. Mr. Solari's career then spanned 40 years in all aspects of banking, including Private Banking, Investment Banking and Corporate Finance, with various financial groups such as Bank of America, Rothschild and Merril Lynch. Mr. Solari, as a venture capitalist, also sits as a board of director for various other companies and plays an active role in these positions.


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Alexandre P. Boivin – Mr. P. Boivin has served as CEO and as a board member for multiple private companies in the mining industry. He provides advisory services on corporate finance, capital markets, and business development. From 2019 to 2024, Mr. Boivin was the Director and CEO of Combia Gold Inc., a Canadian private mining company.

Juan Fernando Sanchez – Mr. Sanchez has ten years of management experience in various mining, commodities trading, and financial services companies in Europe and South America. Mr. Sanchez is currently serving the role of Country Manager of Open Mineral AG in Colombia, a metal commodity trading company operating out of Switzerland. Mr. Sanchez received an International Business Bachelor from Gran Colombiano Polytechnic in Bogota, Colombia, and a Masters in Business Administration from Eude Business School in Madrid, Spain. Mr. Sanchez has experience in administrative management and entrepreneurial development within a scientific framework of financial, accounting, mathematics and production addressing areas such as commercial, legal, environmental and communities relationships. Mr. Sanchez currently serves as the Country Manager of Open Mineral AG in Colombia, a metal commodity trading company operating out of Switzerland.

Audit Committee Oversight

Since the commencement of the Company's most recently completed financial year, the Audit Committee has not made any recommendations to nominate or compensate an external auditor which were not adopted by the Board.

Reliance on Certain Exemptions

Since the commencement of the Company's most recently completed financial year, the Company has not relied on the exemption in section 2.4 (De Minimis Non-Audit Services) of NI 52-110 or an exemption from NI 52-110, in whole or in part, granted under Part 8 (Exemptions) of NI 52-110.

Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

The Audit Committee has not adopted specific policies and procedures for the engagement of non-audit services, however, as provided for in NI 52-110, the Audit Committee must pre-approve all non-audit services to be provided to the Company or its subsidiaries, unless otherwise permitted by NI 52-110.

Exemption

The Company is relying on the exemption provided in section 6.1 of NI 52-110 as the Company is a "venture issuer" and is therefore exempt from the requirements of Part 3 (Composition of Audit Committee) and Part 5 (Reporting Obligations) of NI 52-110.

External Auditor Service Fees

In the following table, "audit fees" are fees billed by the Company's external auditor for services provided in auditing the Company's annual financial statements for the subject year. "Audit-related fees" are fees not included in audit fees that are billed by the auditor for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit review of the Company's financial statements. "Tax fees" are fees billed by the auditor for professional services rendered for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning. "All other fees" are fees billed by the auditor for products and services not included in the foregoing categories.


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The aggregate fees billed by the Company's external auditor for the last two audited fiscal years for the Company, are as follows:

Financial Year Ending Audit Fees^{(1)} Audit Related Fees^{(2)} Tax Fees^{(3)} All Other Fees^{(4)}
December 31, 2022 $29,000 $2,000 $2,500 Nil
December 31, 2023 $42,000 $2,940 $Nil Nil

Notes:
(1) The aggregate fees billed by the Company's auditor for audit fees.
(2) The aggregate fees billed for assurance and related services by the Company's auditor that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the Company's financial statements and are not disclosed in the "Audit Fees" column.
(3) The aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered by the Company's auditor for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning.
(4) The aggregate fees billed for professional services other than those listed in the other three columns.

MANAGEMENT CONTRACTS

No management functions of the Company are to any substantial degree performed other than by the directors or executive officers of the Company.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

General

The Board believes that good corporate governance improves corporate performance and benefits all Shareholders. NP 58-201 provides non-prescriptive guidelines on corporate governance practices for reporting issuers such as the Company. In addition, NI 58-101 prescribes certain disclosure by the Company of its corporate governance practices. This disclosure is presented below.

Board of Directors

The Board is currently comprised of six (6) members. All of these members are nominated for re-election at the Meeting except for William de Jong and Juan Pablo Bayona.

William de Jong, Juan Sanchez, Juan Pablo Bayona and Pietro Solari are considered independent directors, as they do not have a material relation to the Company. The definition of independence used by the Company is that used by the Canadian Securities Administrators, which is set out in section 1.4 of NI 52-110. A director is independent if they have no direct or indirect material relationship to the Company. A "material relationship" is a relationship which could, in the view of the Board, be reasonably expected to interfere with the exercise of the director's independent judgment. Certain types of relationships are by their very nature considered to be material relationships and are specified in section 1.4 of NI 52-110.

Alexandre P. Boivin, the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Olivier Berthiaume, the Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary of the Company are executive officers of the Company and, as a result, are not independent directors.

The Board believes that the principal objective of the Company is to generate economic returns with the goal of maximizing Shareholder value, and that this is to be accomplished by the Board through its stewardship of the Company. In fulfilling its stewardship function, the Board's responsibilities will include strategic planning, appointing and overseeing management, succession planning, risk identification and management, environmental oversight, communications with other parties and overseeing financial and corporate issues. Directors are involved in the supervision of management.


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Pursuant to the CBCA, in the event that a director has a material interest in a contract or proposed contract or agreement that is material to the issuer, the director shall disclose their interest in such contract or agreement and shall refrain from voting on any matter in respect of such contract or agreement, subject to and in accordance with the CBCA. To the extent that conflicts of interest arise, such conflicts will be resolved in accordance with the provisions of the CBCA. To the proposed management of the Company's knowledge, as at the date hereof, there are no existing or potential material conflicts of interest between the Company and a proposed director or officer of the Company except as otherwise disclosed herein.

Directorships

None of the directors being nominated for re-election at the Meeting are also directors of any other reporting issuers.

Orientation and Continuing Education

While the Company does not have a formal continuing education program, the directors individually are responsible for updating their skills required to meet their obligations as directors.

Ethical Business Conduct

The Board has not adopted specific guidelines. To ensure that an ethical business culture is maintained and promoted, directors are encouraged to exercise their independent judgment. If a director has a material interest in any transaction or agreement that the Company proposes to enter into, such director is expected to disclose such interest to the Board in compliance with all applicable laws, rules and policies which govern conflicts of interest in connection with such transaction or agreement. Further, any director who has a material interest in any transaction or agreement will be excluded from the portion of a Board's meeting concerning such matters and will be further precluded from voting on such matters.

Nomination of Directors

The Board is responsible for the identification and assessment of potential directors. While no formal nomination procedure is in place to identify new candidates, the Board reviews the experience and performance of nominees for the election to the Board, and in particular, any appointments to the Audit Committee. The Board also assesses any potential conflicts, independence or time commitment concerns a candidate may present.

Compensation

The Board as a whole is responsible for reviewing the adequacy and form of compensation paid to the Company's executives and key employees, and ensuring that such compensation realistically reflects the responsibilities and risks of such positions. In fulfilling these responsibilities, the Board evaluates the performance of the Company's chief executive officer and other senior management in light of corporate goals and objectives, and makes recommendations with respect to compensation levels based on such evaluations.

At present, no compensation other than the grant of Options, RSUs and cash is paid to the Company's directors, in such capacity.

Other Board Committees

The Board has no other committees, other than the Audit Committee.


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Assessments

The Board, the Audit Committee and its individual directors are assessed as to their effectiveness and contribution. All directors and/or committee members are free to make suggestions for improvement of the practice of the Board and/or the Audit Committee at any time and are encouraged to do so.

DISCLOSURE ON DIVERSITY OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT UNDER THE CANADA BUSINESS CORPORATIONS ACT

The following information relates on the representation of women, Indigenous peoples (First Nations, Inuit and Métis), persons with disabilities and members of visible minorities, defined as designed groups, on the Board and senior management of the Company.

Diversity Policy

The Company's senior management and the members of the Board have diverse backgrounds and expertise and were selected on the belief that the Company and its Shareholders would benefit from such a broad range of talent and experiences. The Board considers merit as the key requirement for Board and executive appointments, and as such, it has not adopted any target number or percentage, or a range of target numbers or percentages, respecting the representation of women, Indigenous peoples, persons with disabilities, or members of visible minorities (collectively, "members of designated groups") on the Board or in senior management roles at this time. Due to the small size of the Board and the management team, the Board believes that the qualifications and experience of proposed new directors or executive officers should remain the primary consideration in the selection process.

The Company has not adopted a written diversity policy and seeks to attract and maintain diversity at the executive and Board levels informally through the recruitment efforts of management in discussion with directors prior to proposing nominees to the Board as a whole for consideration. Although the level of representation of members of designated groups is one of many factors taken into consideration in making Board and executive officer appointments, emphasis is placed on hiring or advancing the most qualified individuals.

Currently, the Company has zero (0) women on the Board, representing 0% of the number of directors of the Company. The Company currently has zero (0) executive officers who are women, representing zero percent (0%) of the Company's executive officers.

At the present time, zero (0) directors are from designated groups representing zero percent (0%) of the Board. At the present time, zero (0) executive officers are from designated groups representing zero percent (0%) of the executive officers of the Company.

INTEREST OF CERTAIN PERSONS OR COMPANIES IN MATTERS TO BE ACTED UPON

Except as otherwise disclosed herein, the Company is not aware of any material interest, direct or indirect, by way of beneficial ownership of securities or otherwise, of any director or executive officer, any person or company who owns of record, or is known by the Company to own beneficially, directly or indirectly, more than ten percent (10%) of the Common Shares or any associate or affiliate of the foregoing persons or companies in any transaction since its incorporation or in any proposed transaction that has materially affected or is reasonably expected to materially affect the Company.


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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Additional information about the Company can be obtained free of charge through the SEDAR+ website at www.sedarplus.ca. Shareholders may also contact Olivier Berthiaume, Chief Financial Officer at 1000 - 250 2nd Street SW Calgary, Alberta T2P 0C1, by telephone (647-576-7135), or by email at [email protected], to request copies of the Company's financial statements and the related Management's Discussion and Analysis (the "MD&A"). Financial information is provided in the Company's comparative financial statements and MD&A for its financial period ended December 31, 2023.

APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

The contents of this Information Circular have been approved, and the delivery of it to each Shareholder of the Company entitled thereto and to the appropriate regulatory agencies, has been authorized by the Board.

DATED at Toronto, Ontario, on February 14, 2025.

By Order of the Board of

QUIMBAYA GOLD INC.

(signed) Alexandre P. Boivin
Alexandre P. Boivin
Chief Executive Officer and Director


Schedule "A"
Audit Committee Charter
QUIMBAYA GOLD INC.
CHARTER OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE

  1. MEMBERSHIP

1.1 The audit committee (the "Committee") of the board of directors (the "Board") of Quimbaya Gold Inc. (the "Company") shall consist of three or more directors. A majority of the members of the Committee must not be executive officers, employees or control persons of the Company or of an affiliate of the Company.

1.2 Each member of the Committee must be financially literate, as this term is defined under National Instrument 52-110 - Audit Committees (the "Instrument").

1.3 The Board shall appoint members to the Committee. The members of the Committee shall be appointed for one-year terms after each annual securityholders' meeting and shall serve until a successor is duly appointed by the Board or until the member's earlier death, resignation, disqualification or removal. The Board may remove any member from the Committee at any time with or without cause. The Board shall fill Committee member vacancies by appointing a member from the Board. If a vacancy on the Committee exists, the remaining members shall exercise all the Committee's powers so long as a quorum exists.

1.4 New Committee members shall be provided with an orientation program to educate them on the Company, their roles and responsibilities on the Committee and the Company's financial reporting and accounting practices. Committee members shall also receive training as necessary, to increase their understanding of financial, accounting, auditing and industry issues applicable to the Company.

1.5 The Committee shall appoint the chair from one of its members (the "Chair"). The Chair must be a non-executive Director. Subject to Section 1.4, the Committee shall determine the Chair's term of office.

1.6 A quorum for decisions of the Committee shall be two members.

  1. COMMITTEE MEETINGS

2.1 The Committee shall meet at least quarterly at such times and places as determined by the Committee. The Committee is governed by the same rules regarding meetings (including the procedure used to call meetings, and conducting meetings electronically, in person or by telephone), notice of meetings and waiver of notice by committee members, written resolutions in lieu of a meeting and voting at meetings that apply to the Board.

2.2 Notice of the time and place of a Committee meeting shall be given by the Committee to the Company's external auditor (the "Auditor") in the same manner notice is provided to Committee members. The Committee shall provide the Auditor with all meeting materials in advance of the meeting.

2.3 On request of the Auditor, the Chair shall convene a meeting of the Committee to consider any matter that the Auditor believes should be brought to the attention of the directors or shareholders of the Company.

2.4 The Chair shall seek input from Committee members, the Company's management, the Auditor and Board members when setting each Committee meeting's agenda.

2.5 Any written material to be provided to Committee members for a meeting must be distributed in advance of the meeting to give Committee members time to review and understand the information.

2.6 The chief executive officer of the Company ("CEO") and chief financial officer of the Company ("CFO") and any other member of senior management may, if invited by the Chair, attend, give presentations relating


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to their responsibilities and otherwise participate at Committee meetings. Other Board members may also, if invited by the Chair, attend and participate at Committee meetings.

2.7 The Committee may appoint a Committee member or any other attendee to be the secretary of a meeting. The Chair shall circulate minutes of all Committee meetings to the Company's Board members and its Auditor. The Committee shall report its decisions and recommendations to the Board promptly after each Committee meeting.

2.8 The Committee may meet for a private session, excluding management, non-independent directors or other third parties, following each Committee meeting or as otherwise determined by the Committee.

3. PURPOSE, ROLE AND AUTHORITY

3.1 The purpose of the Committee is to oversee the Company's accounting and financial reporting processes and the preparation and auditing of the Company's financial statements.

3.2 The Committee is authorized by the Board to investigate any matter set out in this Charter or otherwise delegated to the Committee by the Board.

4. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

4.1 The Committee has the duties and responsibilities set out in Sections 5 to 14 of this Charter, as may be amended, supplemented or restated from time to time.

5. EXTERNAL AUDITOR - APPOINTMENT AND REMOVAL

The Committee shall:

5.1 Consider and recommend to the Board, to put forward for shareholder approval at the annual meeting, an Auditor that will be appointed or reappointed to prepare or issue an auditor's report and perform audit, review, attest or other services for the Company in compliance with the Instrument and, if necessary, recommend to the Board the Auditor's removal.

5.2 Recommend to the Board the Auditor's compensation and otherwise setting the terms of the Auditor's engagement (including reviewing and negotiating the Auditor's engagement letter).

5.3 Review and monitor the independence of the Auditor.

5.4 At least once per fiscal year, review the qualifications and performance of the Auditor and the Auditor's lead partners and consider and decide if the Company should adopt or maintain a policy of rotating the accounting firm serving as the Company's Auditor.

6. AUDITOR OVERSIGHT - AUDIT SERVICES

The Committee shall:

6.1 Require the Auditor to report directly to the Committee.

6.2 Be directly responsible for overseeing the work of the Auditor engaged for the purpose of preparing or issuing the Auditor's report or performing other audit, review or attest services for the Company, including the resolution of disagreements between management and the Auditor regarding financial reporting.

6.3 Discuss with the Auditor: (a) before an audit commences, the nature and scope of the audit, the Auditor's responsibilities in relation to the audit, the overall audit strategy, the timing of the audit, the processes used by the Auditor to identify risks and reporting such risks to the Committee; and (b) any other matters relevant to the audit.


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6.4 Review and discuss with the Auditor all critical accounting policies and practices to be used in the audit, all alternative treatments of financial information that have been discussed with management, the ramifications of the use of such alternative treatments and the treatment preferred by the Auditor.

6.5 Review any major issues regarding accounting principles and financial statement presentation with the Auditor and the Company’s management, including any significant changes in the Company’s selection or application of accounting principles; any significant financial reporting issues and judgments made in connection with the preparation of the Company’s financial statements, including the effect of regulatory and accounting initiatives and off-balance sheet structures on the Company’s financial statements.

6.6 Review and discuss with the Auditor and management any problems or difficulties encountered during the audit, including restrictions on the scope of activities or access to information, and any significant disagreements between the Auditor and management in relation to financial reporting. The Committee may meet with the Auditor and management (together or separately) to discuss and resolve such disagreements.

6.7 Review all material communications between management and the Auditor, including reviewing the Auditor’s management letter and management’s response.

6.8 Create, review and approve the Company’s policies respecting the Company’s hiring of any (former or current) Auditor’s past or present employees or past or present partners.

6.9 Oversee any other matters relating to the Auditor and the performance of audit services on the Company’s behalf.

  1. AUDITOR OVERSIGHT - NON-AUDIT SERVICES

The Committee shall:

7.1 Pre-approve all non-audit services to be provided by the Auditor to the Company or its subsidiaries in accordance with the Instrument.

7.2 Notwithstanding Section 7.1, the Committee may delegate the pre-approval of non-audit services to a member or certain members of the Committee. These member or members shall notify the Committee at each Committee meeting of the non-audit services they approved since the last Committee meeting.

  1. INTERNAL CONTROLS

The Committee shall:

8.1 Monitor and review the effectiveness of the Company’s internal audit function, including ensuring that any internal auditors (the “Internal Auditors”) have adequate monetary and other resources to complete their work and appropriate standing within the Company and, if the Company has no Internal Auditors, consider, on an annual basis, whether the Company requires Internal Auditors and make related recommendations to the Board.

8.2 Require the Internal Auditors to report directly to the Committee.

8.3 Oversee an effective system of internal controls and procedures for the Company relating to the financial reporting process and disclosure of the financial results, including accounting, internal accounting controls, and auditing matters (“Internal Controls”).

8.4 Review with management and the Internal Auditors (with each privately or together) the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s Internal Controls, including any significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in the design or operation of the Internal Controls and determine if any special steps must be adopted by the Auditor during its audit in light of any such deficiencies or weaknesses.


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8.5 Review management’s roles, responsibilities and performance in relation to the Internal Controls.

8.6 Review, discuss and investigate: (a) any alleged fraud involving the Company’s management or employees in relation to the Internal Controls, including management’s response to any allegations of fraud; (b) implement corrective and disciplinary action in cases of proven fraud; and (c) determine if any special steps must be adopted by the Auditor during its audit in light of any proven fraud or any allegations of fraud.

8.7 Establish and monitor the procedures for: (a) the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints that the Company receives relating to its Internal Controls; (b) the confidential, anonymous submission of employees’ concerns relating to questionable accounting or auditing matters engaged in by the Company; and (c) the independent investigation of the matters set out in Section 8.7(a) and Section 8.7(b), including appropriate follow up actions.

8.8 Review and discuss with the CEO and CFO, or those officers who perform the duties similar to a CEO or CFO, the steps taken to complete the required certifications of the annual and interim filings with applicable securities commissions.

  1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Committee shall:

9.1 Review and discuss with the Auditor and management the Company’s annual audited financial statements and the accompanying Auditor’s report and management discussion and analysis (“MD&A”). The Committee’s review of the annual audited financial statements will include a review of the notes contained in the financial statements, in particular the notes on: (a) significant accounting policies, including any changes made to them and the effect this may have on the Company; (b) significant estimates and assumptions; (c) significant adjustments resulting from an audit; (d) the going concern assumption; (e) compliance with accounting standards; (f) investigations and litigation undertaken by regulatory authorities; (g) the impact of unusual transactions; and (h) off-balance sheet and contingent asset and liabilities, and related disclosures.

9.2 Assess (a) the quality of the accounting principles applied to the financial statements; (b) the clarity of disclosure in the financial statements; and (c) whether the audited annual financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, in accordance with international financial reporting standards (“IFRS”), the Company’s financial condition, operational results and cash flows.

9.3 Upon satisfactory completion of its review, recommend the annual audited financial statements, Auditor’s report and annual MD&A for Board approval.

9.4 Review the interim financial statements and related MD&A with the Auditor and management, and if satisfied that the interim financial statements meet the criteria set out in Section 9.2 to recommend to the Board that it approve the interim financial statements and accompanying MD&A.

  1. DISCLOSURE OF OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The Committee shall:

10.1 Review and discuss with management the design, implementation and maintenance of effective procedures relating to the Committee’s prior review of the Company’s public disclosure of financial information extracted or derived from the Company’s financial statements (“Disclosure Procedures”); ensure that the Disclosure Procedures put in place are followed by the Company’s management and employees; and periodically assess the adequacy of the Disclosure Procedures.

10.2 Review the Company’s profit and loss press releases and other related press releases before they are released to the public, including the Company’s annual information form, earnings press releases and any other public


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disclosure documents required by applicable securities commissions; and review the nature of any financial information and ratings information provided to agencies and analysts in accordance with the Company's disclosure policy.

10.3 Monitor and review the Company's policy on confidentiality and disclosure on a yearly basis.

11. RISK MANAGEMENT

The Committee shall:

11.1 Review and discuss with management and the Internal Auditors (each privately or together) policies and guidelines to govern the processes by which management assesses and manages the Company's risks, including the Company's major financial risk exposures and fraud, and the steps management has taken to monitor and control such exposures.

11.2 Review the periodic reports delivered to the Committee by the Internal Auditors; and oversee the processes by which major Company risks are reviewed by either the Committee, another Board committee or the full Board.

12. LEGAL COMPLIANCE

12.1 The Committee shall review with legal counsel any legal matters, including inquiries received from regulators and governmental agencies, that may have a significant effect on the Company's financial statements, cash flows or operations; review and oversee any policies, procedures and programs designed by the Company to promote legal compliance.

13. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

13.1 The Committee shall review all proposed related party transactions, other than those reviewed by a special committee of disinterested directors in accordance with Canadian corporate or securities laws.

14. OTHER DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

14.1 The Committee shall complete any other duties and responsibilities delegated by the Board to the Committee from time to time.

15. MEETINGS WITH THE AUDITOR

15.1 Notwithstanding anything set out in this Charter to the contrary, the Committee may meet privately with the Auditor or Internal Auditors as frequently as the Committee deems appropriate, but not less than quarterly, for the Committee to fulfil its responsibilities and to discuss any concerns of the Committee or Auditor in relation to the matters covered by the Committee's Charter, including the effectiveness of the Company's financial recording procedures and systems and management's cooperation and responsiveness to matters arising from the audit and non-audit services performed by the Auditor.

16. MEETINGS WITH MANAGEMENT

16.1 The Committee may meet privately with management and the Company's Internal Auditors (together or separately) as frequently as the Committee deems appropriate for the Committee to fulfil its responsibilities, but not less than quarterly, to discuss any concerns of the Committee, management or the Internal Auditors.

17. OUTSIDE ADVISORS

17.1 The Committee shall have the authority, in its sole discretion, to retain and obtain the advice and assistance of independent outside counsel and such other advisors as it deems necessary to fulfil its duties and


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responsibilities under this Charter. The Committee shall set the compensation and oversee the work of any outside counsel and other advisors to be paid by the Company.

18. REPORTING

18.1 The Committee shall report to the Board on all matters set out in this Charter and other matters assigned to the Committee by the Board, including: (a) the Auditor’s independence; (b) the Auditor’s performance and the Committee’s recommendation to reappoint or terminate the Auditor; (c) the Internal Auditors’ performance; (d) the adequacy of the Internal Controls; (e) the Committee’s review of the Company’s annual and interim financial statements, and any IFRS reconciliation, including any issues respecting the quality and integrity of financial statements, along with the MD&A (f) the Company’s compliance with legal and regulatory matters and such matters affect the financial statements; and (g) the Company’s risk management programs and any risks identified in accordance with this program.

19. CHARTER REVIEW

19.1 The Committee shall review this Charter at least annually and recommend any proposed changes to the Board for approval. This Charter shall be posted on the Company’s investor relations website.

20. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

20.1 The Committee shall conduct an annual evaluation of the performance of its duties and responsibilities under this Charter and shall present the results of the evaluation to the Board. The Committee shall conduct this evaluation in such manner as it deems appropriate.

21. APPLICATION OF CHARTER

21.1 This Charter is a broad policy statement and is intended to be part of the Committee’s flexible governance framework. While this Charter should comply with all applicable laws, regulations and listing requirements and the Company’s articles and by-laws, this Charter does not create any legally binding obligations on the Committee, the Board or the Company.


Schedule "B"

ORDINARY RESOLUTION
RELATING TO THE LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE INCENTIVE PLAN

WHEREAS on February 11, 2025, the Board of Directors of Quimbaya Gold Inc. (the "Company") adopted the long-term performance incentive plan (the "LTIP") described in the management information circular of the Company dated February 14, 2025, subject to the approval of the disinterested shareholders of the Company.

THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED:

THAT the LTIP be and is hereby approved; and

THAT any director or officer of the Company be and is hereby authorized and directed to execute any document and do any other thing necessary or desirable to give full effect to this resolution.


Schedule "C"
Quimbaya Gold Inc.
(the "Company")

LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE INCENTIVE PLAN

SECTION 1. ESTABLISHMENT AND PURPOSE OF THIS PLAN

The Company wishes to establish this long-term performance incentive plan (the "Plan"). The purpose of this Plan is to promote the long-term success of the Company and the creation of Shareholder value by: (a) encouraging the attraction and retention of Eligible Persons; (b) encouraging such Eligible Persons to focus on critical long-term objectives; and (c) promoting greater alignment of the interests of such Eligible Persons with the interests of the Company.

To this end, this Plan provides for the grant of Restricted Share Units, Performance Share Units, Deferred Share Units, Options and Stock Appreciation Rights to Eligible Persons, Consultants and Persons providing Investor Relations Activities as further described in this Plan.

The Plan and the Restricted Share Units, Performance Share Units, Deferred Share Units, Options and Stock Appreciation Rights issuable under the Plan are subject to Policy 6 - Distributions of the Exchange (the "Policy").

This Plan is a "rolling" stock plan, permitting the issuance of (i) Options and (ii) RSUs, DSUs, PSUs and SARs, of up to ten (10%) percent of the issued and outstanding Common Shares in respect of awards granted.

SECTION 2. DEFINITIONS

As used in this Plan, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below:

(a) "Option Plan" means the Company's current Stock Option Plan, as may be amended or restated from time to time;

(b) "Associate" has the meaning ascribed thereto in the Securities Act;

(c) "Award" means any award of RSUs, PSUs, DSUs, Options or SARs granted under this Plan;

(d) "Award Agreement" means any written agreement, contract, or other instrument or document, including an electronic communication, as may from time to time be designated by the Company as evidencing any Award granted under this Plan;

(e) "Board" means the board of directors of the Company;

(f) "Blackout Period" means an interval of time during which the Company has determined that one or more Participants may not trade any securities of the Company because they may be in possession of publicly undisclosed confidential information pertaining to the Company;

(g) "Cessation Date" means, the effective date on which a Participant ceases to be a Director or a Key Employee, where applicable, of the Company or a Subsidiary for any reason;

(h) "Change of Control" means the occurrence of one transaction or a series of transactions which results in one Person, together with any affiliates of such Person, exercising direction or control over 50% or more of the Shares. "Person" for the purpose of this provision includes, but is not limited to, any individual, partnership, limited partnership, joint venture, syndicate, sole proprietorship, company or corporation or other entity however


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designated or constituted; a change in the majority of the Company's Board taking place over a period of six (6) months or less; a merger or consolidation, after which the Company's Shareholders no longer control the Company; and/or the sale of all or substantially all of the Company's assets or the liquidation of the Company, except where the sale is to an affiliate of the Company.

(i) "Committee" means such committee of the Board performing functions in respect of compensation as may be determined by the Board from time to time;

(j) "Company" means Quimbaya Gold Inc., a company incorporated under the Canada Business Corporations Act, and any of its successors or assigns;

(k) "Consultant" means a Person (other than a Key Employee or Director) that:

(i) is engaged to provide, on an ongoing bona fide basis, consulting, technical, management or other services to the Company or an affiliate of the Company, other than services provided in relation to a distribution (as defined in the Securities Act);

(ii) provides the services under a written contract between the Company or an affiliate of the Company and the Person, as the case may be;

(iii) in the reasonable opinion of the Company, spends or will spend a significant amount of time on the affairs and business of the Company or an affiliate of the Company; and

(iv) has a relationship with the Company or an affiliate of the Company that enables the Person to be knowledgeable about the business and affairs of the Company,

and:

(l) if the Person is an individual, includes a corporation of which such individual is an employee or Shareholder, and a partnership of which the individual is an employee or partner; and

(m) if the Person is not an individual, includes an employee, executive officer or director of the Consultant, provided that the individual employee, executive officer or director spends or will spend a significant amount of time on the affairs and business of the Company or an affiliate of the Company;

(n) "Determination Date" means a date determined by the Board in its sole discretion but not later than 90 days after the expiry of a Performance Cycle;

(o) "Director" means a member of the Board;

(p) "Disability" means a medically determinable physical or mental impairment expected to result in death or to last for a continuous period of not less than one year, and which causes an individual to be unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity, or any other condition of impairment that the Board, acting reasonably, determines constitutes a disability;

(q) "Disinterested Shareholders Approval" means approval by a majority of the votes cast by all the Company's Shareholders at a duly constituted meeting of Shareholders, excluding votes attached to Shares beneficially owned by Insiders to whom Options may be granted under this Plan and Associates and Affiliates of such Insiders;

(r) "Effective Date" has the meaning ascribed thereto in Section 8;


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(s) "Election Form" means the form to be completed by a Director specifying the amount of Fees he or she wishes to receive in DSUs under this Plan;

(t) "Eligible Person" means a Director and a Key Employee of the Company and its Subsidiaries;

(u) "Exchange" means the Canadian Securities Exchange, or such other exchange upon which the Shares of the Company may become listed for trading;

(v) "Fees" means the annual board retainer, chair fees, meeting attendance fees or any other fees payable to a Director by the Company;

(w) "Grant Date" means, for any Award, the date specified by the Board as the grant date at the time it grants the Award or, if no such date is specified, the date upon which the Award was actually granted;

(x) "Hold Period" means the four-month resale restriction that may be imposed by the Exchange on the shares;

(y) "Incentive Securities" means the Options, DSUs, RSUs, PSUs and SARs issuable to any Participant under this Plan;

(z) "Insider" means any insider, as that term is defined in the Securities Act;

(aa) "Insider Participant" means a Participant who is an (i) Insider of the Company or of a Subsidiary, and (ii) Associate of any person who is an Insider by virtue of (i);

(bb) "Investor Relations Activities" means any activities, by or on behalf of the Company or a Shareholder of the Company, that promote or reasonably could be expected to promote the purchase or sale of securities of the Company, but does not include:

(i) the dissemination of information provided, or records prepared, in the ordinary course of business of the Company

A) to promote the sale of products or services of the Company, or

B) to raise public awareness of the Company, that cannot reasonably be considered to promote the purchase or sale of securities of the Company;

(ii) activities or communications necessary to comply with the requirements of:

A) applicable securities laws;

B) Exchange requirements or the by-laws, rules or other regulatory instruments of any other self-regulatory body or exchange having jurisdiction over the Company;

(iii) communications by a publisher of, or writer for, a newspaper, magazine or business or financial publication, that is of general and regular paid circulation, distributed only to subscribers to it for value or to purchasers of it, if:

A) the communication is only through the newspaper, magazine or publication, and

B) the publisher or writer receives no commission or other consideration other than for acting in the capacity of publisher or writer; or


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(iv) activities or communications that may be otherwise specified by the Exchange;

(cc) "Key Employees" means employees, including officers, and including both full-time and part-time employees of the Company or any Subsidiary who, by the nature of their positions or jobs are, in the opinion of the Board, in a position to contribute to the success of the Company;

(dd) "Option" means incentive share purchase options entitling the holder thereof to purchase Shares;

(ee) "Participant" means any Eligible Person, Consultant or Persons performing Investor Relations Activities to whom Awards under this Plan are granted;

(ff) "Participant's Account" means a notional account maintained for each Participant's participation in this Plan which will show any Incentive Securities credited to a Participant from time to time;

(gg) "Performance Criteria" means criteria established by the Board which, without limitation, may include criteria based on the Participant's personal performance and/or financial performance of the Company and its Subsidiaries, and that are to be used to determine the vesting of the PSUs;

(hh) "Performance Cycle" means the applicable performance cycle of the PSUs as may be specified by the Board in the applicable Award Agreement;

(ii) "Performance Share Unit" or "PSU" means a right awarded to a Participant to receive a payment in Shares as provided in Subsection 5.2 hereof and subject to the terms and conditions of this Plan and the applicable Award Agreement;

(jj) "Person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization, or governmental authority or body;

(kk) "Restriction Period" means the time period between the Grant Date and the Vesting Date of an Award of RSUs specified by the Board in the applicable Award Agreement, which period shall not be less than twelve (12) months, provided the Board may, in its discretion, permit earlier vesting, no sooner than quarterly, of the RSUs;

(ll) "Restricted Share Unit" or "RSU" means a right awarded to a Participant to receive a payment in Shares as provided in Subsection 5.1 hereof and subject to the terms and conditions of this Plan and the applicable Award Agreement;

(mm) "Retirement" means retirement from active employment with the Company or a Subsidiary with the consent of an officer of the Company or the Subsidiary;

(nn) "Stock Appreciation Right" or "SAR" means a right awarded to a Participant to receive a payment in Shares as provided in Subsection 5.5.1 hereof and subject to the terms and conditions of this Plan and the applicable Award Agreement;

(oo) "SAR Amount" has the meaning set out in Subsection 5.5.3;

(pp) "SAR Grant Price" has the meaning set out in Subsection 5.5.2;

(qq) "Securities Act" means the Securities Act (British Columbia), as amended, from time to time;

(rr) "Shareholder" means a registered or beneficial holder of Shares or, if the context requires, other securities of a Company.


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(ss) "Shares" means the common shares of the Company;

(tt) "Subsidiary" means a corporation, company or partnership that is controlled, directly or indirectly, by the Company;

(uu) "Termination Date" means, as applicable: (i) in the event of a Participant's Retirement, voluntary termination or termination of employment as a result of a Disability, the date on which such Participant ceases to be an employee or a Consultant of the Company or a Subsidiary; and (ii) in the event of termination of the Participant's employment or consulting contract by the Company or a Subsidiary, the date on which such Participant is advised by the Company or a Subsidiary, in writing or verbally, that his or her services are no longer required;

(vv) "Trading Day" means any date on which the Exchange is open for trading; and

(ww) "Vesting Date" means in respect of any Award, the date when the Award is fully vested m accordance with the provisions of this Plan and the applicable Award Agreement.

SECTION 3. ADMINISTRATION

3.1 BOARD TO ADMINISTER PLAN. Except as otherwise provided herein, this Plan shall be administered by the Board and the Board shall have full authority to administer this Plan, including the authority to interpret and construe any provision of this Plan and to adopt, amend and rescind such rules and regulations for administering this Plan as the Board may deem necessary in order to comply with the requirements of this Plan.

3.2 DELEGATION TO COMMITTEE. All of the powers exercisable hereunder by the Board may, to the extent permitted by applicable law and as determined by resolution of the Board, be delegated to and exercised by the Committee or such other committee as the Board may determine.

3.3 INTERPRETATION. All actions taken and all interpretations and determinations made or approved by the Board in good faith shall be final and conclusive and shall be binding on the Participants and the Company.

3.4 NO LIABILITY. No Director shall be personally liable for any action taken or determination or interpretation made or approved in good faith in connection with this Plan and the Directors shall, in addition to their rights as Directors, be fully protected, indemnified and held harmless by the Company with respect to any such action taken or determination or interpretation made. The appropriate officers of the Company are hereby authorized and empowered to do all things and execute and deliver all instruments, undertakings and applications and writings as they, in their absolute discretion, consider necessary for the implementation of this Plan and of the rules and regulations established for administering this Plan. All costs incurred in connection with this Plan shall be for the account of the Company.

SECTION 4. SHARES AVAILABLE FOR AWARDS

4.1 LIMITATIONS ON SHARES AVAILABLE FOR ISSUANCE.

4.1.1 In respect of Options, so long as it may be required by the rules and policies of the Exchange:

(a) the aggregate number of Shares issuable under this Plan in respect of Options shall not exceed ten (10%) percent of the Company's issued and outstanding Shares at any point in time;

(b) the total number of Options issuable to any Consultant under this Plan shall not exceed two (2%) percent of the issued and outstanding Shares in any twelve (12) month period;


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(c) the total number of Options issuable to Persons performing Investor Relations Activities shall not exceed two (2%) percent of the issued and outstanding Shares in any twelve (12) month period; and

4.1.2 In respect of DSUs, PSUs, RSUs and SARs:

(a) the maximum aggregate number of Shares issuable under this Plan in respect of DSUs, PSUs, RSUs and SARs shall not exceed, at any point in time, 10% of the issued and outstanding Shares of the Company at the Effective Date;

(b) the total number of DSUs, RSUs, PSUs and SARs issuable to any Participant under this Plan shall not exceed two (2%) percent of the issued and outstanding Shares at the time of the Award;

(c) any exercise of DSUs, PSUs, RSUs and SARs does not increase the available number of DSUs, PSUs, RSUs and SARs issuable under the Plan.

4.1.3 The total number of Incentive Securities combined issuable to any Participant under this Plan shall not exceed five (5%) percent of the issued and outstanding Shares in any twelve (12) month period;

4.1.4 The aggregated number of Shares issuable to Insiders upon the exercise of Incentive Securities granted under the Plan shall not exceed ten (10%) percent of the issued and outstanding Shares at any point in time;

4.1.5 The aggregate number of Awards issued to Insiders under the Plan within a twelve (12) month period shall not exceed ten (10%) percent of the issued and outstanding Shares, calculated on the Grant Date;

4.1.6 Consultants and Persons performing Investor Relations Activities may only receive Options as Awards under this Plan;

4.1.7 All Options granted to Consultants and Persons performing Investor Relations Activities will vest and become exercisable in stages over a period of not less than twelve (12) months, with no more than one-quarter (1/4) of such Options vesting and becoming exercisable in any three (3) month period.

4.1.8 The total number of Incentive Securities issuable to a Director under this Plan (excluding, for this purpose, the Chairman of the Board, if any) shall not exceed three (3%) percent of the issued and outstanding Shares;

4.1.9 The Hold Period will be applied to Shares issuable under this Plan and any certificate(s) representing those Shares will include a legend stipulating that the Shares issued are subject to a four month Hold Period commencing from the Grant Date.

4.2 ACCOUNTING FOR AWARDS. For purposes of this Section 4:

4.2.1 If an Award is denominated in Shares, the number of Shares covered by such Award, or to which such Award relates, shall be counted on the Grant Date of such Award against the aggregate number of Shares available for granting Awards under this Plan; and

4.3 Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, any Shares related to Awards which terminate by expiration, forfeiture, cancellation, or otherwise without the issuance of such Shares, or are exchanged with the Board's permission, prior to the issuance of Shares, for Awards not involving Shares, shall be available again for granting Awards under this Plan.

4.4 ANTI-DILUTION. If the number of outstanding Shares is increased or decreased as a result of a stock split, consolidation or recapitalization and not as a result of the issuance of Shares for additional consideration or by way of stock dividend, the Board may make appropriate adjustments, in accordance with the terms of this


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Plan, the policies of the Exchange, and applicable laws, to the number and price (or other basis upon which an Award is measured) of Incentive Securities credited to a Participant. Any determinations by the Board as to the required adjustments shall be made in its sole discretion and all such adjustments shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes under this Plan.

4.5 OPTION PLAN. From and after the Effective Date, the Option Plan shall be cancelled and deemed to be cancelled, and all awards granted hereunder shall be governed and deemed to be governed by the provisions of this Plan as existing Options under this Plan.

SECTION 5. AWARDS

5.1 RESTRICTED SHARE UNITS

5.1.1 ELIGIBILITY AND PARTICIPATION. Subject to the provisions of this Plan and such other terms and conditions as the Board may prescribe, the Board may, from time to time, grant Awards of RSUs to Eligible Persons. RSUs granted to a Participant shall be credited, as of the Grant Date, to the Participant's Account. The number of RSUs to be credited to each Participant shall be determined by the Board in its sole discretion in accordance with this Plan. Each RSU shall, contingent upon the lapse of any restrictions, represent one (1) Share. The number of RSUs granted pursuant to an Award and the Restriction Period in respect of such RSUs shall be specified in the applicable Award Agreement.

5.1.2 RESTRICTIONS. RSUs shall be subject to such restrictions as the Board, in its sole discretion, may establish in the applicable Award Agreement, which restrictions may lapse separately or in combination at such time or times and on such terms, conditions and satisfaction of objectives as the Board may, in its discretion, determine at the time an Award is granted.

5.1.3 VESTING. All RSUs will vest and become payable by the issuance of Shares at the end of the Restriction Period if all applicable restrictions have lapsed, as such restrictions may be specified in the Award Agreement.

5.1.4 CHANGE OF CONTROL. In the event of a Change of Control, all restrictions upon any RSUs shall lapse immediately and all such RSUs shall become fully vested in the Participant and will accrue to the Participant in accordance with Subsection 5.1.9.

5.1.5 DEATH. Other than as may be set forth in the applicable Award Agreement, upon the death of a Participant, any RSUs granted to such Participant which, prior to the Participant's death, have not vested, will be immediately and automatically forfeited and cancelled without further action and without any cost or payment, and the Participant or his or her estate, as the case may be, shall have no right, title or interest therein whatsoever. Any RSUs granted to such Participant which, prior to the Participant's death, had vested pursuant to the terms of the applicable Award Agreement will accrue to the Participant's estate in accordance with Subsection 5.1.9 thereof.

5.1.6 TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT OR SERVICE.

(a) Where, in the case of Key Employees, a Participant's employment is terminated by the Company or a Subsidiary for cause, or consulting contract, subject to the applicable Award Agreement, is terminated as a result of the Participant's breach, all RSUs granted to the Participant under this Plan will immediately terminate without payment, be forfeited and cancelled and shall be of no further force or effect as of the Termination Date.

(b) Where, in the case of Key Employees, a Participant's employment contract is terminated by the Company or a Subsidiary without cause, by voluntary termination or due to Retirement by the Participant, all RSUs granted to the Participant under this Plan that have not vested will, unless the applicable Award Agreement provides otherwise and subject to the provisions below, immediately terminate without payment, be forfeited and


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cancelled and shall be of no further force or effect as of the Termination Date, provided, however, that any RSUs granted to such Participant which, prior to the Participant's termination without cause, voluntary termination or Retirement, had vested pursuant to the terms of the applicable Award Agreement will accrue to the Participant in accordance with Subsection 5.1.9 thereof.

(c) Upon termination of a Participant's employment with the Company or a Subsidiary, the Participant's eligibility to receive further grants of Awards of RSUs under this Plan shall cease as of the Termination Date.

5.1.7 DISABILITY. Where, in the case of Key Employees, a Participant becomes afflicted by a Disability, all RSUs granted to the Participant under this Plan will continue to vest in accordance with the terms of such RSUs, provided, however, that no RSUs may be redeemed during a leave of absence. Where, in the case of Key Employees, a Participant's employment or consulting contract is terminated due to Disability, all RSUs granted to the Participant under this Plan that have not vested will, unless the applicable Award Agreement provides otherwise and subject to the provisions below, immediately terminate without payment, be forfeited and cancelled and shall be of no further force or effect as of the Termination Date, provided, however, that any RSUs granted to such Participant which, prior to the Participant's termination due to Disability, had vested pursuant to terms of the applicable Award Agreement will accrue to the Participant in accordance with Subsection 5.1.9 thereof.

5.1.8 CESSATION OF DIRECTORSHIP. Where, in the case of Directors, a Participant ceases to be a Director for any reason, any RSUs granted to the Participant under this Plan that have not yet vested will, unless the applicable Award Agreement provides otherwise and subject to the provisions below, immediately terminate without payment, be forfeited and cancelled and shall be of no further force or effect as of the Cessation Date, provided, however, that any RSUs granted to such Participant which, prior to the Cessation Date for any reason, had vested pursuant to the terms of the applicable Award Agreement will accrue to the Participant in accordance with Subsection 5.1.9 thereof.

5.1.9 PAYMENT OF AWARD. As soon as practicable after each Vesting Date of an Award of RSUs, and subject to the applicable Award Agreement, the Company shall issue from treasury to the Participant, or if Subsection 5.1.5 applies, to the Participant's estate, a number of Shares equal to the number of RSUs credited to the Participant's Account that become payable on the Vesting Date. As of the Vesting Date, the RSUs in respect of which such Shares are issued shall be cancelled and no further payments shall be made to the Participant under this Plan in relation to such RSUs. Such payments shall be made entirely in Shares, unless otherwise provided for in the applicable Award Agreement.

5.2 PERFORMANCE SHARE UNITS

5.2.1 ELIGIBILITY AND PARTICIPATION. Subject to the provisions of this Plan and such other terms and conditions as the Board may prescribe, the Board may, from time to time, grant Awards of PSUs to Key Employees only. PSUs granted to a Participant shall be credited, as of the Grant Date, to the Participant's Account. The number of PSUs to be credited to each Participant shall be determined by the Board, in its sole discretion, in accordance with this Plan. Each PSU shall, contingent upon the attainment of the Performance Criteria within the Performance Cycle, represent one (1) Share, unless otherwise specified in the applicable Award Agreement. The number of PSUs granted pursuant to an Award, the Performance Criteria which must be satisfied in order for the PSUs to vest and the Performance Cycle in respect of such PSUs shall be specified in the applicable Award Agreement.

5.2.2 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA. The Board will select, settle and determine the Performance Criteria (including without limitation the attainment thereof), for purposes of the vesting of the PSUs, in its sole discretion. An Award Agreement may provide the Board with the right, during a Performance Cycle or after it has ended, to revise the Performance Criteria and the Award amounts if unforeseen events (including, without limitation, changes in capitalization, an equity restructuring, an acquisition or a divestiture) occur which have a substantial effect on the financial results and which in the sole judgment of the Board make the application of


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the original Performance Criteria unfair or inappropriate unless a revision is made. Notices will be provided by the Company to applicable regulatory authorities or stock exchanges as may be required with respect to the foregoing.

5.2.3 VESTING. All PSUs will vest and become payable to the extent that the Performance Criteria set forth in the Award Agreement are satisfied for the Performance Cycle, the determination of which satisfaction shall be made by the Board on the Determination Date.

5.2.4 CHANGE OF CONTROL. In the event of a Change of Control, all PSUs granted to a Participant shall become fully vested in such Participant (without regard to the attainment of any Performance Criteria) and shall become payable to the Participant in accordance with Subsection 5.2.8 hereof.

5.2.5 DEATH. Other than as may be set forth in the applicable Award Agreement and below, upon the death of a Participant, all PSUs granted to the Participant which, prior to the Participant's death, have not vested, will immediately and automatically be forfeited and cancelled without further action and without any cost or payment, and the Participant or his or her estate, as the case may be, shall have no right, title or interest therein whatsoever, provided, however, the Board may determine, in its sole discretion, the number of the Participant's PSUs that will vest based on the extent to which the applicable Performance Criteria set forth in the Award Agreement have been satisfied in that portion of the Performance Cycle that has lapsed. The PSUs that the Board determines to have vested shall become payable in accordance with Subsection 5.2.8 thereof.

5.2.6 TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT OR SERVICE.

(a) Where a Participant's employment is terminated by the Company or a Subsidiary for cause, or consulting contract, subject to the applicable Award Agreement, is terminated as a result of the Consultant's breach, all PSUs granted to the Participant under this Plan will immediately terminate without payment, be forfeited and cancelled and shall be of no further force or effect as of the Termination Date.

(b) Where other than as may be set forth in the applicable Award Agreement and below, a Participant's employment or consulting contract is terminated by the Company or a Subsidiary without cause, by voluntary termination or due to Retirement, all PSUs granted to the Participant which, prior to the Participant's termination without cause, by voluntary termination or due to Retirement, have not vested, will immediately and automatically be forfeited and cancelled without further action and without any cost or payment, and the Participant shall have no right, title or interest therein whatsoever as of the Termination Date, provided, however, the Board may determine, in its sole discretion, the number of the Participant's PSUs that will vest based on the extent to which the applicable Performance Criteria set forth in the Award Agreement have been satisfied in that portion of the Performance Cycle that has lapsed. The PSUs that the Board determines to have vested shall become payable in accordance with Subsection 5.2.8 thereof.

(c) Upon termination of a Participant's employment with the Company or a Subsidiary, the Participant's eligibility to receive further grants of Awards of PSUs under this Plan shall cease as of the Termination Date.

5.2.7 DISABILITY. Where a Participant becomes afflicted by a Disability, all PSUs granted to the Participant under this Plan will continue to vest in accordance with the terms of such PSUs, provided, however, that no PSUs may be redeemed during a leave of absence. Where a Participant's employment or consulting contract is terminated due to Disability, all PSUs granted to the Participant under this Plan that have not vested will, unless the applicable Award Agreement provides otherwise and subject to the provisions below, immediately and automatically be forfeited and cancelled without further action and without any cost or payment, and the Participant shall have no right, title or interest therein whatsoever as of the Termination Date, provided, however, that the Board may determine, in its sole discretion, the number of the Participant's PSUs that will vest based on the extent to which the applicable Performance Criteria set forth in the Award Agreement have been satisfied in that portion of the Performance Cycle that has lapsed. The PSUs that the Board determines to have vested shall become payable in accordance with Subsection 5.2.8 thereof.


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5.2.8 PAYMENT OF AWARD. Subject to the applicable Award Agreement, payment to Participants in respect of vested PSUs shall be made after the Determination Date for the applicable Award and in any case within ninety (90) days after the last day of the Performance Cycle to which such Award relates. Such payments shall be made entirely in Shares, unless otherwise provided for in the applicable Award Agreement. The Company shall issue from treasury to the Participant, or if Subsection 5.2.5 applies, to the Participant's estate, a number of Shares equal to the number of PSUs that have vested. As of the Vesting Date, the PSUs in respect of which such Shares are issued shall be cancelled and no further payments shall be made to the Participant under this Plan in relation to such PSUs.

5.2.9 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; ADJUSTMENT OF GOALS. At the time that a PSU is first issued, the Board, in the Award Agreement or in another written document, may specify whether performance will be evaluated including or excluding the effect of any of the following events that occur during the Performance Cycle or Restriction Period, as the case may be: (A) judgments entered or settlements reached in litigation; (B) the write down of assets; (C) the impact of any reorganization or restructuring; (D) the impact of changes in tax laws, accounting principles, regulatory actions or other laws affecting reported results; (E) extraordinary non-recurring items as may be described in the Company's management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations for the applicable financial year; (F) the impact of any mergers, acquisitions, spin-offs or other divestitures; and (G) foreign exchange gains and losses.

5.2.10 ADJUSTMENT OF PERFORMANCE SHARE UNITS. The Board shall have the sole discretion to adjust the determinations of the degree of attainment of the pre-established Performance Criteria or restrictions, as the case may be, as may be set out in the applicable Award Agreement governing the relevant Performance-Based Award. Notwithstanding any provision herein to the contrary, the Board may not make any adjustment or take any other action with respect to any Performance-Based Award that will increase the amount payable under any such Award. The Board shall retain the sole discretion to adjust PSUs downward or to otherwise reduce the amount payable with respect to any Performance-Based Award.

5.3 DEFERRED SHARE UNITS

5.3.1 ELIGIBILITY AND PARTICIPATION. Subject to the provisions of this Plan and such other terms and conditions as the Board may prescribe, the Board may, from time to time, grant Awards of DSUs to Eligible Persons. Eligible Persons become Participants effective as of the date he or she is first appointed or elected as a Director or employed as a Key Employee and cease to be Participants on the Cessation Date for any reason. DSUs granted to a Participant in accordance with Subsection 5.3 hereof shall be credited, as of the Grant Date, to the Participant's Account.

5.3.2 ELECTION. Each Director may elect to receive any part or all of his or her Fees in DSUs under this Plan. Elections by Participants regarding the amount of their Fees that they wish to receive in DSUs shall be made no later than 90 days after this Plan is adopted by the Board, and thereafter no later than December 31 of any given year with respect to Fees for the following year. Any Director who becomes a Participant during a fiscal year and wishes to receive an amount of his or her Fees for the remainder of that year in DSUs must make his or her election within 90 days of becoming a Director.

5.3.3 CALCULATION. The number of DSUs to be credited to the Participant's Account shall be calculated by dividing the amount of Fees selected by a Director in the applicable Election Form by the Current Market Price on the Grant Date, or if more appropriate, another trading range that best represents the period for which the award was earned (or such other price as required under Exchange policies). If, as a result of the foregoing calculation, a Participant shall become entitled to a fractional DSU, the Participant shall only be credited with a full number of DSUs (rounded down), and no payment or other adjustment will be made with respect to the fractional DSU.


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5.3.4 CHANGE OF CONTROL. In the event of a Change of Control, all DSUs granted to a Participant shall become fully vested in such Participant and shall become payable to the Participant in accordance with Subsection 5.3.5 hereof.

5.3.5 PAYMENT OF AWARD. Each Participant shall be entitled to receive, after the effective date that the Participant ceases to be an Eligible Person for any reason or any earlier vesting period(s) as may be set forth in the applicable Award Agreement, up to two (2) dates designated by the Participant and communicated to the Company by the Participant in writing at least fifteen (15) days prior to the designated day (or such earlier date as the Participant and the Company may agree, which dates shall be no earlier than then ninetieth (90) day following the year of the Cessation Date and no later than the end of the calendar year following the year of the Cessation Date, or any earlier period on which the DSUs vested, as the case may be) and if no such notice is given, then on the first anniversary of the Cessation Date or any earlier period on which the DSUs vested, as the case may be, at the sole discretion of the Participant, that number of Shares equal to the number of DSUs credited to the Participant's Account, such Shares to be issued from treasury of the Company.

5.3.6 DEATH. Upon death of a Participant, the Participant's estate shall be entitled to receive, within 120 days after the Participant's death, such Shares that would have otherwise been payable in accordance with Subsection 5.3.4 hereof to the Participant upon such Participant ceasing to be a Director or Key Employee.

5.4 OPTIONS

5.4.1 ELIGIBILITY AND PARTICIPATION. Subject to the provisions of this Plan and such other terms and conditions as the Board may determine, the Board may, from time to time, in its discretion, grant Awards of Options to Eligible Persons, Consultants and Persons performing Investor Relations Activities, provided that such Eligible Persons, Consultants and Persons performing Investor Relations Activities are determined by the Board to be bona fide Eligible Persons, Consultants and Persons performing Investor Relations Activities, as the case may be, at the time of such grant. Options granted to a Participant shall be credited, as of the Grant Date, to the Participant's Account. The number of Options to be credited to each Participant shall be determined by the Board in its sole discretion in accordance with this Plan.

5.4.2 EXERCISE PRICE. The exercise price of the Options shall be determined by the Board at the time the Option is granted. In no event shall such exercise price be lower than the discounted market price permitted by the Exchange. The Board shall not reprice any Options previously granted under this Plan, except in accordance with the rules and policies of the Exchange. For greater certainty, the Company will be required to obtain Disinterested Shareholders Approval in respect of any reduction in the exercise price of Options granted to any Participant if the Participant is an Insider at the time of the proposed reduction, if and to the extent required by the rules and policies of the Exchange.

5.4.3 TIME AND CONDITIONS OF EXERCISE. The Board shall determine the time or times at which an Option may be exercised in whole or in part, provided that the term of any Option granted under this Plan shall not exceed ten years. The Board shall also determine the performance or other conditions, if any, that must be satisfied before all or part of an Option may be exercised.

5.4.4 EVIDENCE OF GRANT. All Options shall be evidenced by a written Award Agreement. The Award Agreement shall reflect the Board's determinations regarding the exercise price, time and conditions of exercise (including vesting provisions) and such additional provisions as may be specified by the Board.

5.4.5 EXERCISE. The exercise of any Option will be contingent upon receipt by the Company of a written notice of exercise in the manner and in the form set forth in the applicable Award Agreement, which written notice shall specify the number of Shares with respect to which the Option is being exercised, and which shall be accompanied by a cash payment, certified cheque or bank draft for the full purchase price of such Shares with respect to which the Option is exercised. Certificates for such Shares shall be issued and delivered to the Participant within a reasonable time following the receipt of such notice and payment. Neither the Participants


  • 12 -

nor their legal representatives, legatees or distributees will be, or will be deemed to be, a holder of any Shares unless and until the certificates for the Shares issuable pursuant to Options under this Plan are issued to such Participants under the terms of this Plan. Where the expiry date for an Option occurs during a Blackout Period, the expiry date for such Option shall be extended to the date that is ten (10) business days following the end of such Blackout Period.

5.4.6 CHANGE OF CONTROL. In the event of a Change of Control, each outstanding Option issued to Eligible Persons, Consultants and Persons performing Investor Relations Activities, to the extent that it shall not otherwise have become vested and exercisable, and subject to the applicable Award Agreement, shall automatically become fully and immediately vested and exercisable, without regard to any otherwise applicable vesting requirement, but subject to the policies of the Exchange.

5.4.7 DEATH. Where a Participant shall die, any Option held by such Participant at the date of death shall be exercisable in whole or in part only by the person or persons to whom the rights of the Participant under the Option shall pass by the will of the Participant or the laws of descent and distribution for a period of 120 days after the date of death of the Participant or prior to the expiration of the option period in respect of the Option, whichever is sooner, and then only to the extent that such Participant was entitled to exercise the Option at the date of death of such Participant.

5.4.8 TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT OR SERVICE.

(a) Where, in the case of Key Employees, Consultants or Persons performing Investor Relations Activities, a Participant's employment is terminated by the Company or a Subsidiary for cause, or contract, subject to the applicable Award Agreement, is terminated as a result of the Consultant's breach, no Option held by such Participant shall be exercisable from the Termination Date.

(b) Where, in the case of Key Employees, Consultants or Persons performing Investor Relations Activities, a Participant's employment or contract is terminated by the Company or a Subsidiary without cause, by voluntary termination by the Participant or due to Retirement, subject to the applicable Award Agreement, any Option held by such Participant at such time shall remain exercisable in full at any time, and in part from time to time, for a period of 90 days after the Termination Date (subject to any longer period set out in the applicable Award Agreement, which period shall not, in any event, exceed twelve (12) months from the Termination Date) or prior to the expiration of the option period in respect of the Option, whichever is sooner, and then only to the extent that such Participant was entitled to exercise the Option at the Termination Date.

(c) Where, in the case of Key Employees, Consultants or Persons performing Investor Relations Activities, a Participant becomes afflicted by a Disability, all Options granted to the Participant under this Plan will continue to vest in accordance with the terms of such Options. Where, in the case of Key Employees, Consultants or Persons performing Investor Relations Activities, a Participant's employment or contract is terminated due to Disability, subject to the applicable Award Agreement, any Option held by such Participant shall remain exercisable for a period of 120 days after the Termination Date (subject to any longer period set out in the applicable Award Agreement, which period shall not, in any event, exceed twelve (12) months from the Termination Date) or prior to the expiration of the option period in respect of the Option, whichever is sooner, and then only to the extent that such Participant was entitled to exercise the Option at the Termination Date.

5.4.9 CESSATION OF DIRECTORSHIP. Where, in the case of Directors, a Participant ceases to be a Director for any reason, subject to the applicable Award Agreement and the provisions below, any Option held by such Participant at such time shall remain exercisable in full at any time, and in part from time to time, for a period of 90 days after the Cessation Date (subject to any longer period set out in the applicable Award Agreement, which period shall not, in any event, exceed twelve (12) months from the Participant ceasing to be a Director) or prior to the expiration of the Option in respect of the Option, whichever is sooner, and then only to the extent that such Participant was entitled to exercise the Option as of the Cessation Date. Where, in the case of Directors, a Participant becomes afflicted by a Disability, all Options granted to the Participant under this Plan will continue


  • 13 -

to vest in accordance with the terms of such Options, provided that if a Participant ceases to be a Director due to Disability, subject to the applicable Award Agreement, any Option held by such Participant shall remain exercisable for a period of 120 days after the Cessation Date (subject to any longer period set out in the applicable Award Agreement, which period shall not, in any event, exceed twelve (12) months from the Cessation Date) or prior to the expiration of the option period in respect of the Option, whichever is sooner, and then only to the extent that such Participant was entitled to exercise the Option as of the Cessation Date.

5.5 STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS

5.5.1 ELIGIBILITY AND PARTICIPATION. Subject to the provisions of this Plan and such other terms and conditions as the Board may determine, the Board may, from time to time, in its discretion, grant awards of SARs to Eligible Persons, either on a stand-alone basis or in relation to any Option. SARs granted to a Participant shall be credited, as of the Grant Date, to the Participant's account. The number of SARs to be credited to each Participant shall be determined by the Board in its sole discretion in accordance with this Plan.

5.5.2 SAR GRANT PRICE. The exercise price of the SAR (the "SAR Grant Price") shall be determined by the Board at the time the SAR is granted. In no event shall the SAR Grant Price be lower than the discounted market price permitted by the Exchange. Where a SAR is granted in relation to an Option, it shall be a right in respect of the same number of Shares, and the SAR Grant Price shall be the same as the exercise price of the Option it is granted in relation to. The Board shall not reprice the SAR Grant Price of any SARs previously granted under this Plan, except in accordance with the rules and policies of the Exchange.

5.5.3 PAYMENT.

(a) Subject to the provisions hereof, a SAR is the right to receive a payment in Shares equal to the excess, if any, of:

(i) the Current Market Price immediately prior to the date such SAR is exercised; over
(ii) the SAR Grant Price,

multiplied by the number of Shares in respect of which the SAR is being exercised (less any amount required to be withheld for taxes by applicable law) (the "SAR Amount").

(b) For greater clarity, the actual number of Shares to be granted to the Participant pursuant to Paragraph A shall be equal to the aggregate SAR Amount divided by the Current Market Price.

(c) Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the sole discretion of the Board, the Award Agreement may provide that the Company may elect to satisfy the exercise of a SAR (in whole or in part) by paying to the Participant cash in an amount equal to the SAR Amount in lieu of Shares.

5.5.4 TERMS OF SARS GRANTED IN CONNECTION WITH AN OPTION. SARs may be granted in relation to an Option either at the time of the grant of the Option or by adding the SAR to an existing Option. SARs granted in relation to an Option shall be exercisable only at the same time, by the same persons and to the same extent, that the related Option is exercisable. Upon the exercise of any SAR related to an Option, the corresponding portion of the related Option shall be surrendered to the Corporation and cancelled, and upon the exercise of any Option which has an accompanying SAR, the corresponding portion of the related SAR shall be surrendered to the Corporation and cancelled.

5.5.5 TERMS OF SARS GRANTED ON A STAND-ALONE BASIS. SARs shall be granted on such terms as shall be determined by the Board and set out in the Award Agreement (including any terms pertaining to vesting and settlement), provided the term of any SAR granted under this Plan shall not exceed ten (10) years.


  • 14 -

5.5.6 EXERCISE. The exercise of any SAR will be contingent upon receipt by the Company of a written notice of exercise in the manner and in the form set forth in the applicable Award Agreement, which written notice shall specify the number of Shares with respect to which the SAR is being exercised. If the Participant is to receive Shares, certificates for such Shares shall be issued and delivered to the Participant within a reasonable time following the receipt of such notice. Neither the Participant nor his legal representatives, legatees or distributees will be, or will be deemed to be, a holder of any Shares unless and until the certificates for the Shares issuable pursuant to SARs under this Plan are issued to such Participant under the terms of this Plan. When the expiration of the exercise period in respect of a SAR occurs during a Blackout Period, the exercise period for such SAR shall be extended to the date that is ten (10) business days following the end of such Blackout Period.

5.5.7 CHANGE OF CONTROL. In the event of a Change of Control, each outstanding SAR issued to Eligible Persons, to the extent that it shall not otherwise have become vested and exercisable, and subject to the applicable Award Agreement, shall automatically become fully and immediately vested and exercisable, without regard to any otherwise applicable vesting requirement, but subject to the policies of the Exchange.

5.5.8 DEATH. Where a Participant shall die while holding a SAR, any SAR held by such Participant at the date of death shall be exercisable in whole or in part only by the person or persons to whom the rights of the Participant under the SAR shall pass by the will of the Participant or the laws of descent and distribution for a period of 120 days after the date of death of the Participant or prior to the expiration of the exercise period in respect of the SAR, whichever is sooner, and then only to the extent that such Participant was entitled to exercise the SAR at the date of death of such Participant.

5.5.9 TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT OR SERVICE.

(a) Where, in the case of Key Employees, a Participant's employment is terminated by the Company or a Subsidiary for cause, subject to the applicable Award Agreement, is terminated as a result of the Consultant's breach, no SAR held by such Participant shall be exercisable from the Termination Date.

(b) Where, in the case of Key Employees, a Participant's employment is terminated by the Company or a Subsidiary without cause, by voluntary termination by the Participant or due to Retirement, subject to the applicable Award Agreement, any SAR held by such Participant at such time shall remain exercisable in full at any time, and in part from time to time, for a period of 90 days after the Termination Date (subject to any longer period set out in the applicable Award Agreement, which period shall not, in any event, exceed twelve (12) months from the Termination Date) or prior to the expiration of the exercise period in respect of the SAR, whichever is sooner, and then only to the extent that such Participant was entitled to exercise the SAR at the Termination Date.

(c) Where, in the case of Key Employees, a Participant becomes afflicted by a Disability, all SARs granted to the Participant under this Plan will continue to vest in accordance with the terms of such SARs. Where, in the case of Key Employees, a Participant's employment is terminated due to Disability, subject to the applicable Award Agreement, any SAR held by such Participant shall remain exercisable for a period of 120 days after the Termination Date (subject to any longer period set out in the applicable Award Agreement, which period shall not, in any event, exceed twelve (12) months from the Termination Date) or prior to the expiration of the exercise period in respect of the SAR, whichever is sooner, and then only to the extent that such Participant was entitled to exercise the SAR at the Termination Date.

5.5.10 CESSATION OF DIRECTORSHIP. Where, in the case of Directors, a Participant ceases to be a Director for any reason, subject to the applicable Award Agreement and the provisions below, any SAR held by such Participant at such time shall remain exercisable in full at any time, and in part from time to time, for a period of 90 days after the Cessation Date or prior to the expiration of the exercise period in respect of the SAR, whichever is sooner, and then only to the extent that such Participant was entitled to exercise the SAR as of the Cessation Date. Where, in the case of Directors, a Participant becomes afflicted by a Disability, all SARs granted to the Participant under this Plan will continue to vest in accordance with the terms of such SARs, provided that


  • 15 -

if a Participant ceases to be a Director due to Disability, subject to the applicable Award Agreement, any SAR held by such Participant shall remain exercisable for a period of 120 days after the Cessation Date or prior to the expiration of the exercise period in respect of the SAR, whichever is sooner, and then only to the extent that such Participant was entitled to exercise the SAR as of the Cessation Date.

5.6 GENERAL TERMS APPLICABLE TO AWARDS

5.6.1 FORFEITURE EVENTS. The Board will specify in an Award Agreement at the time of the Award that the Participant's rights, payments and benefits with respect to an Award shall be subject to reduction, cancellation, forfeiture or recoupment upon the occurrence of certain specified events, in addition to any otherwise applicable vesting or performance conditions of an Award. Such events shall include, but shall not be limited to, termination of employment for cause, violation of material Company policies, fraud, breach of noncompetition, confidentiality or other restrictive covenants that may apply to the Participant or other conduct by the Participant that is detrimental to the business or reputation of the Company.

5.6.2 AWARDS MAY BE GRANTED SEPARATELY OR TOGETHER. Without limiting Subsection 5.5, Awards may, in the discretion of the Board, be granted either alone or in addition to, in tandem with, or in substitution for any other Award. Awards granted in addition to or in tandem with other Awards, may be granted either at the same time as or at a different time from the grant of such other Awards or awards.

5.6.3 NON-TRANSFERABILITY OF AWARDS. Except as otherwise provided in an Award Agreement, no Award and no right under any such Award, shall be assignable, alienable, saleable, or transferable by a Participant otherwise than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution. No Award and no right under any such Award, may be pledged, alienated, attached, or otherwise encumbered, and any purported pledge, alienation, attachment, or encumbrance thereof shall be void and unenforceable against the Company. The Company does not intend to make Awards assignable or transferable, except where required by law or in certain estate proceedings described herein.

5.6.4 CONDITIONS AND RESTRICTIONS UPON SECURITIES SUBJECT TO AWARDS. The Board may provide that the Shares issued under an Award shall be subject to such further agreements, restrictions, conditions or limitations as the Board in its sole discretion may specify, including without limitation, conditions on vesting or transferability and forfeiture or repurchase provisions or provisions on payment of taxes arising in connection with an Award. Without limiting the foregoing, such restrictions may address the timing and manner of any resales by the Participant or other subsequent transfers by the Participant of any Shares issued under an Award, including without limitation: (A) restrictions under an insider trading policy or pursuant to applicable law; (B) restrictions designed to delay and/or coordinate the timing and manner of sales by Participant; (C) restrictions as to the use of a specified brokerage firm for such resales or other transfers; and (D) provisions requiring Shares to be sold on the open market or to the Company in order to satisfy tax withholding or other obligations.

5.6.5 SHARE CERTIFICATES. All Shares delivered under this Plan pursuant to any Award shall be subject to such stop transfer orders and other restrictions as the Board may deem advisable under this Plan or the rules, regulations, and other requirements of any securities commission, the Exchange, and any applicable securities legislation, regulations, rules, policies or orders, and the Board may cause a legend or legends to be put on any such certificates to make appropriate reference to such restrictions.

5.6.6 CONFORMITY TO PLAN. In the event that an Award is granted which does not conform in all particulars with the provisions of this Plan, or purports to grant an Award on terms different from those set out in this Plan, the Award shall not be in any way void or invalidated, but the Award shall be adjusted by the Board to become, in all respects, in conformity with this Plan.


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SECTION 6. AMENDMENT AND TERMINATION

6.1 SHAREHOLDER APPROVAL OF PLAN. This Plan is subject to Disinterested Shareholders Approval. Any Options granted under this Plan prior to receipt of Disinterested Shareholders Approval will not be exercisable or binding on the Company unless and until such approvals are obtained. DSUs, PSUs, RSUs and SARs cannot be granted under this Plan prior to receipt of Disinterested Shareholders Approval.

6.2 AMENDMENTS AND TERMINATION OF THIS PLAN. The Board may at any time or from time to time, in its sole and absolute discretion, amend, suspend, terminate or discontinue this Plan and may amend the terms and conditions of any Awards granted hereunder, subject to (a) any required approval of any applicable regulatory authority or the Exchange, and (b) any approval of Disinterested Shareholders of the Company as required by the rules of the Exchange or applicable law, provided that Disinterested Shareholder approval shall not be required for the following amendments and the Board may make any changes which may include but are not limited to:

6.2.1 amendments of a "housekeeping nature";

6.2.2 any amendment for the purpose of curing any ambiguity, error or omission in this Plan or to correct or supplement any provision of this Plan that is inconsistent with any other provision of this Plan;

6.2.3 an amendment which is necessary to comply with applicable law or the requirements of the Exchange;

6.2.4 amendments respecting administration and eligibility for participation under this Plan;

6.2.5 changes to the terms and conditions on which Awards may be or have been granted pursuant to this Plan including changes to the vesting provisions and terms of any Awards;

6.2.6 any amendment which alters, extends or accelerates the terms of vesting applicable to any Award; and

6.2.7 changes to the termination provisions of an Award or this Plan which do not entail an extension beyond the original fixed term.

If this Plan is terminated, prior Awards shall remain outstanding and in effect in accordance with their applicable terms and conditions.

6.3 AMENDMENTS TO AWARDS. The Board may waive any conditions or rights under, amend any terms of, or amend, alter, suspend, discontinue, or terminate, any Awards thereto granted, prospectively or retroactively. No such amendment or alteration shall be made which would impair the rights of any Participant, without such Participant's consent, under any Award thereto granted, provided that no such consent shall be required with respect to any amendment or alteration if the Board determines in its sole discretion that such amendment or alteration either (i) is required or advisable in order for the Company, this Plan or the Award to satisfy or conform to any law or regulation or to meet the requirements of any accounting standard, or (ii) is not reasonably likely to significantly diminish the benefits provided under such Award.

SECTION 7. GENERAL PROVISIONS

7.1 NO RIGHTS TO AWARDS. No Director, Key Employee, Consultant, Persons performing Investor Relations Activities or other Person shall have any claim to be granted any Award under this Plan, or, having been selected to receive an Award under this Plan, to be selected to receive a future Award, and further there is no obligation for uniformity of treatment of Directors, Key Employees, Consultant, Persons performing Investor Relations Activities or holders or beneficiaries of Awards under this Plan. The terms and conditions of Awards need not be the same with respect to each recipient.


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7.2 WITHHOLDING. The Company shall be authorized to withhold from any Award granted or any payment due or transfer made under any Award or under this Plan the amount (in cash, Shares, other securities, or other Awards) of withholding taxes due in respect of an Award, its exercise, or any payment or transfer under such Award or under this Plan and to take such other action as may be necessary in the opinion of the Company to satisfy statutory withholding obligations for the payment of such taxes. Without in any way limiting the generality of the foregoing, whenever cash is to be paid on the redemption, exercise or vesting of an Award, the Company shall have the right to deduct from all cash payments made to a Participant any taxes required by law to be withheld with respect to such payments. Whenever Shares are to be delivered on the redemption, exercise or vesting of an Award, the Company shall have the right to deduct from any other amounts payable to the Participant any taxes required by law to be withheld with respect to such delivery of Shares, or if any payment due to the Participant is not sufficient to satisfy the withholding obligation, to require the Participant to remit to the Company in cash an amount sufficient to satisfy any taxes required by law to be withheld. At the sole discretion of the Board, a Participant may be permitted to satisfy the foregoing requirement by:

7.2.1 electing to have the Company require the sale of a number of Shares issued upon exercise, vesting, or settlement of such Award and the remittance to the Corporation of the net proceeds from such sale sufficient to satisfy such amount of tax required to be withheld, or

7.3 NO LIMIT ON OTHER SECURITY-BASED COMPENSATION ARRANGEMENTS. Nothing contained in this Plan shall prevent the Company or a Subsidiary from adopting or continuing in effect other security-based compensation arrangements, and such arrangements may be either generally applicable or applicable only in specific cases.

7.4 NO RIGHT TO EMPLOYMENT. The grant of an Award shall not constitute an employment contract nor be construed as giving a Participant the right to be retained in the employ of the Company. Further, the Company may at any time dismiss a Participant from employment, free from any liability, or any claim under this Plan, unless otherwise expressly provided in this Plan or in any Award Agreement.

7.5 NO RIGHT AS SHAREHOLDER. Neither the Participant nor any representatives of a Participant's estate shall have any rights whatsoever as Shareholders in respect of any Shares covered by such Participant's Award, until the date of issuance of a share certificate to such Participant or representatives of a Participant's estate for such Shares.

7.6 CURRENCY. Unless expressly stated otherwise, all dollars amounts in this Plan are in Canadian dollars.

7.7 GOVERNING LAW. This Plan and all of the rights and obligations arising here from shall be interpreted and applied in accordance with the laws of the Province of British Columbia and the federal laws of Canada applicable therein.

7.8 SEVERABILITY. If any provision of this Plan or any Award is or becomes or is deemed to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, or as to any Person or Award, or would disqualify this Plan or any Award under any law deemed applicable by the Board, such provision shall be construed or deemed amended to conform to applicable laws, or if it cannot be so construed or deemed amended without, in the determination of the Board, materially altering the intent of this Plan or the Award, such provision shall be stricken as to such jurisdiction, Person, or Award, and the remainder of this Plan and any such Award shall remain in full force and effect.

7.9 NO TRUST OR FUND CREATED. Neither this Plan nor any Award shall create or be construed to create a trust or separate fund of any kind or a fiduciary relationship between the Company and a Participant or any other Person. To the extent that any Person acquires a right to receive payments from the Company pursuant to an Award, such right shall be no greater than the right of any unsecured creditor of the Company.


  • 18 -

7.10 NO FRACTIONAL SHARES. No fractional Shares shall be issued or delivered pursuant to this Plan or any Award, and the Board shall determine whether cash, or other securities shall be paid or transferred in lieu of any fractional Shares, or whether such fractional Shares or any rights thereto shall be cancelled, terminated, or otherwise eliminated.

7.11 HEADINGS. Headings are given to the Sections and Subsections of this Plan solely as a convenience to facilitate reference. Such headings shall not be deemed in any way material or relevant to the construction or interpretation of this Plan or any provision thereof.

7.12 NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY. The Company makes no representation or warranty as to the value of any Award granted pursuant to this Plan or as to the future value of any Shares issued pursuant to any Award.

7.13 NO REPRESENTATIONS OR COVENANTS WITH RESPECT TO TAX QUALIFICATION. Although the Company may, in its discretion, endeavor to (i) qualify an Award for favourable Canadian tax treatment or (ii) avoid adverse tax treatment, the Company makes no representation to that effect and expressly disavows any covenant to maintain favorable or avoid unfavorable tax treatment. The Company shall be unconstrained in its corporate activities without regard to the potential negative tax impact on holders of Awards under this Plan.

7.14 CONFLICT WITH AWARD AGREEMENT. In the event of any inconsistency or conflict between the provisions of this Plan and an Award Agreement, the provisions of this Plan shall govern for all purposes.

7.15 COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS. The granting of Awards and the issuance of Shares under this Plan shall be subject to all applicable laws, rules, and regulations, and to such approvals by any governmental agencies or stock exchanges on which the Company is listed as may be required. The Company shall have no obligation to issue or deliver evidence of title for Shares issued under this Plan prior to:

7.15.1 Obtaining any approvals from governmental agencies that the Company determines are necessary or advisable; and

7.15.2 Completion of any registration or other qualification of the Shares under any applicable national or foreign law or ruling of any governmental body that the Company determines to be necessary or advisable or at a time when any such registration or qualification is not current, has been suspended or otherwise has ceased to be effective.

The inability or impracticability of the Company to obtain or maintain authority from any regulatory body having jurisdiction, which authority is deemed by the Company's counsel to be necessary to the lawful issuance and sale of any Shares hereunder shall relieve the Company of any liability in respect of the failure to issue or sell such Shares as to which such requisite authority shall not have been obtained.

SECTION 8. EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS PLAN

This Plan shall become effective upon the date (the "Effective Date") of approval by the Shareholders of the Company given by affirmative vote of the majority of the Shares represented at the meeting of the Shareholders of the Company at which motion to approve the Plan is presented.


SCHEDULE "D"

Proposed Articles

(see attached)


Incorporation No. BC

BUSINESS CORPORATIONS ACT

ARTICLES

OF

QUIMBAYA GOLD INC.

Part 1 INTERPRETATION...1
1.1 Definitions...1
1.2 Business Corporations Act and Interpretation Act Definitions Applicable ...1
1.3 Conflicts Between Articles and the Business Corporations Act ...1

Part 2 SHARES AND SHARE CERTIFICATES...1
2.1 Authorized Share Structure...1
2.2 Form of Share Certificate...1
2.3 Shareholder Entitled to Share Certificate or Acknowledgement...1
2.4 Delivery by Mail...2
2.5 Replacement of Worn Out or Defaced Share Certificate or Acknowledgement...2
2.6 Replacement of Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Share Certificate or Acknowledgement...2
2.7 Splitting Share Certificates...2
2.8 Shares May be Uncertificated...2
2.9 Direct Registration System...2
2.10 Share Certificate Fee...3
2.11 Recognition of Trusts...3

Part 3 ISSUE OF SHARES...3
3.1 Directors Authorized...3
3.2 Commissions and Discounts...3
3.3 Brokerage...3
3.4 Conditions of Issue...3
3.5 Share Purchase Warrants and Rights...3

Part 4 Securities REGISTERS...4
4.1 Central Securities Register...4
4.2 Closing Register...4

Part 5 SHARE TRANSFERS...4
5.1 Registering Transfers...4
5.2 Transferor Remains Shareholder...4
5.3 Signing of Instrument of Transfer...4


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5.4 Enquiry as to Title Not Required ... 4
5.5 Transfer Fee ... 5

Part 6 TRANSMISSION OF SHARES ... 5

6.1 Legal Personal Representative Recognized on Death ... 5
6.2 Rights of Legal Personal Representative ... 5

Part 7 PURCHASE or redemption OF SHARES ... 5

7.1 Company Authorized to Purchase or Redeem Shares ... 5
7.2 Purchase or Redemption When Insolvent ... 5
7.3 Sale and Voting of Purchased Shares ... 5

Part 8 BORROWING POWERS ... 5

Part 9 ALTERATIONS ... 6

9.1 Alteration of Authorized Share Structure ... 6
9.2 Change of Name ... 6
9.3 Consolidation and Subdivision ... 6
9.4 Other Alterations ... 7

Part 10 MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS ... 7

10.1 Annual General Meetings ... 7
10.2 Resolution Instead of Annual General Meeting ... 7
10.3 Calling of Meetings of Shareholders ... 7
10.4 Location of Shareholder Meetings ... 7
10.5 Notice for Meetings of Shareholders ... 7
10.6 Record Date for Notice ... 7
10.7 Record Date for Voting ... 8
10.8 Class Meetings and Series Meetings of Shareholders ... 8
10.9 Failure to Give Notice and Waiver of Notice ... 8

Part 11 PROCEEDINGS AT MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS ... 8

11.1 Special Business ... 8
11.2 Special Majority ... 8
11.3 Quorum ... 9
11.4 One Shareholder May Constitute Quorum ... 9
11.5 Meetings by Telephone or Other Communications Medium ... 9
11.6 Other Persons May Attend ... 9
11.7 Requirement of Quorum ... 9
11.8 Lack of Quorum ... 9
11.9 Lack of Quorum at Succeeding Meeting ... 9
11.10 Chair ... 9
11.11 Selection of Alternate Chair ... 10
11.12 Adjournments ... 10


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11.13 Notice of Adjourned Meeting ... 10
11.14 Decisions by Show of Hands or Poll ... 10
11.15 Declaration of Result ... 10
11.16 Motion Need Not be Seconded ... 10
11.17 Casting Vote ... 10
11.18 Manner of Taking Poll ... 10
11.19 Demand for Poll on Adjournment ... 11
11.20 Chair Must Resolve Dispute ... 11
11.21 Casting of Votes ... 11
11.22 Demand for Poll ... 11
11.23 Demand for Poll Not to Prevent Continuance of Meeting ... 11
11.24 Retention of Ballots and Proxies ... 11

Part 12 VOTES OF SHAREHOLDERS ... 11

12.1 Number of Votes by Shareholder or by Shares ... 11
12.2 Votes of Persons in Representative Capacity ... 11
12.3 Votes by Joint Holders ... 12
12.4 Legal Personal Representatives as Joint Shareholders ... 12
12.5 Representative of a Corporate Shareholder ... 12
12.6 Proxy Provisions Do Not Apply to All Companies ... 12
12.7 Appointment of Proxy Holders ... 12
12.8 Alternate Proxy Holders ... 13
12.9 Form of Proxy ... 13
12.10 Deposit of Proxy ... 13
12.11 Revocation of Proxy ... 13
12.12 Revocation of Proxy Must Be Signed ... 13
12.13 Production of Evidence of Authority to Vote ... 14
12.14 Chair May Determine Validity of Proxy ... 14

Part 13 DIRECTORS ... 14

13.1 First Directors; Number of Directors ... 14
13.2 Change in Number of Directors ... 14
13.3 Directors' Acts Valid Despite Vacancy ... 14
13.4 Qualifications of Directors ... 15
13.5 Remuneration of Directors ... 15
13.6 Reimbursement of Expenses of Directors ... 15
13.7 Special Remuneration for Directors ... 15
13.8 Gratuity, Pension or Allowance on Retirement of Director ... 15

Part 14 ELECTION AND REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS ... 15

14.1 Election at Annual General Meeting ... 15


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14.2 Consent to be a Director...15
14.3 Failure to Elect or Appoint Directors...16
14.4 Places of Retiring Directors Not Filled...16
14.5 Directors May Fill Casual Vacancies...16
14.6 Remaining Directors Power to Act...16
14.7 Shareholders May Fill Vacancies...16
14.8 Additional Directors...16
14.9 Ceasing to be a Director...17
14.10 Removal of Director by Shareholders...17
14.11 Removal of Director by Directors...17

Part 15 POWERS AND DUTIES OF DIRECTORS...17
15.1 Powers of Management...17
15.2 Appointment of Attorney of Company...17

Part 16 DISCLOSURE OF INTEREST OF DIRECTORS...17
16.1 Obligation to Account for Profits...17
16.2 Restrictions on Voting by Reason of Interest...18
16.3 Interested Director Counted in Quorum...18
16.4 Disclosure of Conflict of Interest or Property...18
16.5 Director Holding Other Office in the Company...18
16.6 No Disqualification...18
16.7 Professional Services by Director or Officer...18
16.8 Director or Officer in Other Corporations...18

Part 17 PROCEEDINGS OF DIRECTORS...18
17.1 Meetings of Directors...18
17.2 Voting at Meetings...18
17.3 Chair of Meetings...19
17.4 Meetings by Telephone or Other Communications Medium...19
17.5 Calling of Meetings...19
17.6 Notice of Meetings...19
17.7 When Notice Not Required...19
17.8 Meeting Valid Despite Failure to Give Notice...19
17.9 Waiver of Notice of Meetings...20
17.10 Quorum...20
17.11 Validity of Acts Where Appointment Defective...20
17.12 Consent Resolutions in Writing...20

Part 18 EXECUTIVE AND OTHER COMMITTEES...20
18.1 Appointment and Powers of Executive Committee...20
18.2 Appointment and Powers of Other Committees...20


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18.3 Obligations of Committees ... 21
18.4 Powers of Board ... 21
18.5 Committee Meetings ... 21

Part 19 OFFICERS ... 22

19.1 Directors May Appoint Officers ... 22
19.2 Functions, Duties and Powers of Officers ... 22
19.3 Qualifications ... 22
19.4 Remuneration and Terms of Appointment ... 22

Part 20 INDEMNIFICATION ... 22

20.1 Definitions ... 22
20.2 Mandatory Indemnification of Directors and Former Directors ... 22
20.3 Indemnification of Other Persons ... 23
20.4 Non-Compliance with Business Corporations Act ... 23
20.5 Company May Purchase Insurance ... 23

Part 21 DIVIDENDS ... 23

21.1 Payment of Dividends Subject to Special Rights ... 23
21.2 Declaration of Dividends ... 23
21.3 No Notice Required ... 23
21.4 Record Date ... 23
21.5 Manner of Paying Dividend ... 23
21.6 Settlement of Difficulties ... 24
21.7 When Dividend Payable ... 24
21.8 Dividends to be Paid in Accordance with Number of Shares ... 24
21.9 Receipt by Joint Shareholders ... 24
21.10 Dividend Bears No Interest ... 24
21.11 Fractional Dividends ... 24
21.12 Payment of Dividends ... 24
21.13 Capitalization of Surplus ... 24

Part 22 DOCUMENTS, RECORDS AND REPORTS ... 24

22.1 Recording of Financial Affairs ... 24
22.2 Inspection of Accounting Records ... 25

Part 23 NOTICES ... 25

23.1 Method of Giving Notice ... 25
23.2 Deemed Receipt of Mailing ... 25
23.3 Certificate of Sending ... 25
23.4 Notice to Joint Shareholders ... 25
23.5 Notice to Trustees ... 26
23.6 Undelivered Notices ... 26


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Part 24 SEAL...26
24.1 Who May Attest Seal...26
24.2 Sealing Copies; Signing Authority...26
24.3 Mechanical Reproduction of Seal...26

Part 25 PROHIBITIONS...27
25.1 Definitions...27
25.2 Application...27
25.3 Consent Required for Transfer of Shares or Designated Securities...27

Part 26 ADVANCE NOTICE PROVISIONS...27
26.1 Nomination of Directors...27


QUIMBAYA GOLD INC.

(the "Company")

PART 1 INTERPRETATION

1.1 Definitions

In these Articles, unless the context otherwise requires:

(a) “board of directors”, “directors” and “board” mean the directors or sole director of the Company, as the case may be;

(b) “Business Corporations Act” means the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) from time to time in force and all amendments thereto and includes all regulations and amendments thereto made pursuant to that Act;

(c) “Interpretation Act” means the Interpretation Act (British Columbia) from time to time in force and all amendments thereto and includes all regulations and amendments thereto made pursuant to that Act;

(d) “legal personal representative” means the personal or other legal representative of a shareholder, and includes a trustee in bankruptcy of the shareholder;

(e) “registered address” of a shareholder means that shareholder's address as recorded in the central securities register; and

(f) “seal” means the seal of the Company, if any.

1.2 Business Corporations Act and Interpretation Act Definitions Applicable

The definitions in the Business Corporations Act and the definitions and rules of construction in the Interpretation Act, with the necessary changes, so far as applicable, and unless the context requires otherwise, apply to these Articles as if these Articles were an enactment. If there is a conflict between a definition in the Business Corporations Act and a definition or rule in the Interpretation Act relating to a term used in these Articles, the definition in the Business Corporations Act will prevail in relation to the use of the term in these Articles.

1.3 Conflicts Between Articles and the Business Corporations Act

If there is a conflict or inconsistency between these Articles and the Business Corporations Act, the Business Corporations Act will prevail.

PART 2 SHARES AND SHARE CERTIFICATES

2.1 Authorized Share Structure

The authorized share structure of the Company consists of shares of the class or classes and series of shares, if any, as described in the Notice of Articles of the Company.

2.2 Form of Share Certificate

Each share certificate issued by the Company must comply with, and be signed as required by, the Business Corporations Act.

2.3 Shareholder Entitled to Share Certificate or Acknowledgement

Unless the shares are uncertificated shares, each shareholder is entitled, without charge, to (a) one share certificate representing the shares of each class or series of shares registered in the shareholder's name or (b) a non-transferable


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written acknowledgement of the shareholder's right to obtain such a share certificate, provided that in respect of a share held jointly by several persons, the Company is not bound to issue more than one share certificate or acknowledgement, and delivery of a share certificate or acknowledgement, for a share to one of several joint shareholders or to one of the shareholders' duly authorized agents will be sufficient delivery to all.

2.4 Delivery by Mail

Any share certificate or non-transferable written acknowledgement of a shareholder's right to obtain a share certificate may be sent to the shareholder by mail at the shareholder's registered address and neither the Company nor any director, officer or agent of the Company is liable for any loss to the shareholder because the share certificate or acknowledgement is lost in the mail or stolen.

2.5 Replacement of Worn Out or Defaced Share Certificate or Acknowledgement

If the directors are satisfied that a share certificate or a non-transferable written acknowledgement of a shareholder's right to obtain a share certificate is worn out or defaced, the directors must, on production to them of the share certificate or acknowledgement, as the case may be, and on such other terms, if any, the directors think fit:

(a) order the share certificate or acknowledgement, as the case may be, to be cancelled; and
(b) issue a replacement share certificate or acknowledgement, as the case may be.

2.6 Replacement of Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Share Certificate or Acknowledgement

If a share certificate or a non-transferable written acknowledgement of a shareholder's right to obtain a share certificate is lost, stolen or destroyed, a replacement share certificate or acknowledgement, as the case may be, must be issued to the person entitled to that share certificate or acknowledgement, as the case may be, if the directors receive:

(a) proof satisfactory to the directors that the share certificate or acknowledgement is lost, stolen or destroyed; and
(b) any indemnity the directors consider adequate.

2.7 Splitting Share Certificates

If a shareholder surrenders a share certificate to the Company with a written request that the Company issue in the shareholder's name two or more share certificates, each representing a specified number of shares and in the aggregate representing the same number of shares as the share certificate so surrendered, the Company must cancel the surrendered share certificate and issue replacement share certificates in accordance with that request.

2.8 Shares May be Uncertificated

Notwithstanding any provisions of this Part, the directors may, by resolution, provide that:

(a) the shares of any or all of the classes and series of the Company's shares may be uncertificated shares; or
(b) any specified shares may be uncertificated shares.

2.9 Direct Registration System

Share certificates may be held in "book-entry" form under the direct registration system or other non-certificated entry or position on the register of shareholders to be kept by the Company and such shares may be transferred electronically. The Company and its transfer agent may adopt such policies and procedures and require such documents and evidence as they may determine necessary or desirable in order to facilitate the adoption and maintenance of a share registration system by electronic, book-based, direct registration system or other non-certificated means.


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2.10 Share Certificate Fee

There must be paid to the Company, in relation to the issue of any share certificate under Articles 2.5, 2.6 or 2.7, the amount, if any and which must not exceed the amount prescribed under the Business Corporations Act, determined by the directors.

2.11 Recognition of Trusts

Except as required by law or statute or these Articles, no person will be recognized by the Company as holding any share upon any trust, and the Company is not bound by or compelled in any way to recognize (even when having notice thereof) any equitable, contingent, future or partial interest in any share or fraction of a share or (except as by law or statute or these Articles provided or as ordered by a court of competent jurisdiction) any other rights in respect of any share except an absolute right to the entirety thereof in the shareholder.

PART 3 ISSUE OF SHARES

3.1 Directors Authorized

Subject to the Business Corporations Act and rights of the holders of issued shares of the Company, the Company may issue, allot, sell or otherwise dispose of the unissued shares, and issued shares held by the Company, at the times, to the persons, including directors, in the manner, on the terms and conditions and for the issue prices (including any premium at which shares with par value may be issued) that the directors may determine. The issue price for a share with par value must be equal to or greater than the par value of the share.

3.2 Commissions and Discounts

The Company may at any time, pay a reasonable commission or allow a reasonable discount to any person in consideration of that person purchasing or agreeing to purchase shares of the Company from the Company or any other person or procuring or agreeing to procure purchasers for shares of the Company.

3.3 Brokerage

The Company may pay such brokerage fee or other consideration as may be lawful for or in connection with the sale or placement of its securities.

3.4 Conditions of Issue

Except as provided for by the Business Corporations Act, no share may be issued until it is fully paid. A share is fully paid when:

(a) consideration is provided to the Company for the issue of the share by one or more of the following:

(i) past services performed for the Company;

(ii) property;

(iii) money; and

(b) the value of the consideration received by the Company equals or exceeds the issue price set for the share under Article 3.1.

3.5 Share Purchase Warrants and Rights

Subject to the Business Corporations Act, the Company may issue share purchase warrants, options and rights upon such terms and conditions as the directors determine, which share purchase warrants, options and rights may be issued alone or in conjunction with debentures, debenture stock, bonds, shares or any other securities issued or created by the Company from time to time.


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PART 4 SECURITIES REGISTERS

4.1 Central Securities Register

As required by and subject to the Business Corporations Act, the Company must maintain at its records office or at any other location inside or outside British Columbia a central securities register. The directors may, subject to the Business Corporations Act, appoint an agent to maintain the central securities register. The directors may also appoint one or more agents, including the agent which keeps the central securities register, as transfer agent for its shares or any class or series of its shares, as the case may be, and the same or another agent as registrar for its shares or such class or series of its shares, as the case may be. The directors may terminate such appointment of any agent at any time and may appoint another agent in its place.

4.2 Closing Register

The Company must not at any time close its central securities register.

PART 5 SHARE TRANSFERS

5.1 Registering Transfers

A transfer of a share of the Company must not be registered unless:

(a) a duly signed instrument of transfer in respect of the share has been received by the Company;
(b) if a share certificate has been issued by the Company in respect of the share to be transferred, that share certificate has been surrendered to the Company; and
(c) if a non-transferable written acknowledgement of the shareholder's right to obtain a share certificate has been issued by the Company in respect of the share to be transferred, that acknowledgement has been surrendered to the Company.

An instrument of transfer in respect of any share of the Company must be either in the form, if any, on the back of the Company's share certificates or in any other form that may be approved by the directors, or the transfer agent for the class or series of shares to be transferred, from time to time.

5.2 Transferor Remains Shareholder

Except to the extent that the Business Corporations Act otherwise provides, a transferor of shares is deemed to remain the holder of the shares until the name of the transferee is entered in a securities register of the Company in respect of the transfer.

5.3 Signing of Instrument of Transfer

If a shareholder, or his or her duly authorized attorney, signs an instrument of transfer in respect of shares registered in the name of the shareholder, the signed instrument of transfer constitutes a complete and sufficient authority to the Company and its directors, officers and agents to register the number of shares specified in the instrument of transfer or specified in any other manner, or, if no number is specified, all the shares represented by the share certificates or set out in the written acknowledgements deposited with the instrument of transfer:

(a) in the name of the person named as transferee in that instrument of transfer; or
(b) if no person is named as transferee in that instrument of transfer, in the name of the person on whose behalf the instrument is deposited for the purpose of having the transfer registered.

5.4 Enquiry as to Title Not Required

Neither the Company nor any director, officer or agent of the Company is bound to inquire into the title of the person named in the instrument of transfer as transferee or, if no person is named as transferee in the instrument of transfer, of the person on whose behalf the instrument is deposited for the purpose of having the transfer registered


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or is liable for any claim related to registering the transfer by the shareholder or by any intermediate owner or holder of the shares, of any interest in the shares, of any share certificate representing such shares or of any written acknowledgement of a right to obtain a share certificate for such shares.

5.5 Transfer Fee

There must be paid to the Company, in relation to the registration of any transfer, the amount, if any, determined by the directors.

PART 6 TRANSMISSION OF SHARES

6.1 Legal Personal Representative Recognized on Death

In case of the death of a shareholder, the legal personal representative, or if the shareholder was a joint holder, the surviving joint holder, will be the only person recognized by the Company as having any title to the shareholder's interest in the shares. Before recognizing a person as a legal personal representative, the directors may require proof of appointment by a court of competent jurisdiction, a grant of letters probate, letters of administration or such other evidence or documents as the directors consider appropriate.

6.2 Rights of Legal Personal Representative

The legal personal representative of a shareholder has the same rights, privileges and obligations that attach to the shares held by the shareholder, including the right to transfer the shares in accordance with these Articles, provided the documents required by the Business Corporations Act and the directors have been deposited with the Company.

PART 7 PURCHASE OR REDEMPTION OF SHARES

7.1 Company Authorized to Purchase or Redeem Shares

Subject to Article 7.2, the special rights and restrictions attached to the shares of any class or series and the Business Corporations Act, the Company may, if authorized by the directors, purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any of its shares at the price and upon the terms specified in such resolution.

7.2 Purchase or Redemption When Insolvent

The Company must not make a payment or provide any other consideration to purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any of its shares if there are reasonable grounds for believing that:

(a) the Company is insolvent; or
(b) making the payment or providing the consideration would render the Company insolvent.

7.3 Sale and Voting of Purchased Shares

If the Company retains a share redeemed, purchased or otherwise acquired by it, the Company may sell, gift or otherwise dispose of the share, but, while such share is held by the Company, it:

(a) is not entitled to vote the share at a meeting of its shareholders;
(b) must not pay a dividend in respect of the share; and
(c) must not make any other distribution in respect of the share.

PART 8 BORROWING POWERS

The Company, if authorized by the directors, may:

(a) borrow money in the manner and amount, on the security, from the sources and on the terms and conditions that the directors consider appropriate;


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(b) issue bonds, debentures and other debt obligations either outright or as security for any liability or obligation of the Company or any other person and at such discounts or premiums and on such other terms as the directors consider appropriate;

(c) guarantee the repayment of money by any other person or the performance of any obligation of any other person; and

(d) mortgage, charge, whether by way of specific or floating charge, grant a security interest in, or give other security on, the whole or any part of the present and future assets and undertaking of the Company.

PART 9 ALTERATIONS

9.1 Alteration of Authorized Share Structure

(a) Subject to the Business Corporations Act, the Company may by resolution of the board of directors:

(i) create one or more classes or series of shares or, if none of the shares of a class or series of shares are allotted or issued, eliminate that class or series of shares;

(ii) increase, reduce or eliminate the maximum number of shares that the Company is authorized to issue out of any class or series of shares or establish a maximum number of shares that the Company is authorized to issue out of any class or series of shares for which no maximum is established;

(iii) alter the identifying name of any of its shares;

(iv) subdivide or consolidate all or any of its unissued, or fully paid issued, shares;

(v) if the Company is authorized to issue shares of a class of shares with par value:

A. decrease the par value of those shares; or

B. if none of the shares of that class of shares are allotted or issued, increase the par value of those shares;

(vi) change all or any of its unissued, or fully paid issued, shares with par value into shares without par value or any of its unissued shares without par value into shares with par value; or

(vii) otherwise alter its shares or authorized share structure when required or permitted to do so by the Business Corporations Act.

9.2 Change of Name

The Company may by resolution of the board of directors authorize an alteration of its Notice of Articles in order to change its name or adopt or change any translation of that name.

9.3 Consolidation and Subdivision

The directors may, by directors' resolution, subdivide or consolidate all or any of the Company's issued and/or unissued shares.


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9.4 Other Alterations

If the Business Corporations Act does not specify the type of resolution and these Articles do not specify another type of resolution, the Company may by ordinary resolution alter these Articles.

PART 10 MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS

10.1 Annual General Meetings

Unless an annual general meeting is deferred or waived in accordance with the Business Corporations Act, the Company must hold its first annual general meeting within 18 months after the date on which it was incorporated or otherwise recognized, and after that must hold an annual general meeting at least once in each calendar year and not more than 15 months after the last annual reference date at such time and place as may be determined by the directors.

10.2 Resolution Instead of Annual General Meeting

If all the shareholders who are entitled to vote at an annual general meeting consent by a unanimous resolution under the Business Corporations Act to all of the business that is required to be transacted at that annual general meeting, the annual general meeting is deemed to have been held on the date of the unanimous resolution. The shareholders must, in any unanimous resolution passed under this Article 10.2, select as the Company's annual reference date a date that would be appropriate for the holding of the applicable annual general meeting.

10.3 Calling of Meetings of Shareholders

The directors may, whenever they think fit, call a meeting of shareholders.

10.4 Location of Shareholder Meetings

The directors may, by director’s resolution, approve a location outside of British Columbia (including a virtual location) for the holding of a meeting of shareholders.

10.5 Notice for Meetings of Shareholders

The Company must send notice of the date, time and location (including a virtual location) of any meeting of shareholders, in the manner provided in these Articles, or in such other manner, if any, as may be prescribed by ordinary resolution (whether previous notice of the resolution has been given or not), to each shareholder entitled to attend the meeting, to each director and to the auditor of the Company, unless these Articles otherwise provide, at least the following number of days before the meeting:

(a) if and for so long as the Company is a public company, 21 days;
(b) otherwise, 10 days.

10.6 Record Date for Notice

The directors may set a date as the record date for the purpose of determining shareholders entitled to notice of any meeting of shareholders. The record date must not precede the date on which the meeting is to be held by more than two months or, in the case of a general meeting requisitioned by shareholders under the Business Corporations Act, by more than four months. The record date must not precede the date on which the meeting is held by fewer than:

(a) if and for so long as the Company is a public company, 21 days;
(b) otherwise, 10 days.

If no record date is set, the record date is 5:00 p.m. on the day immediately preceding the first date on which the notice is sent or, if no notice is sent, the beginning of the meeting.


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10.7 Record Date for Voting

The directors may set a date as the record date for the purpose of determining shareholders entitled to vote at any meeting of shareholders. The record date must not precede the date on which the meeting is to be held by more than two months or, in the case of a general meeting requisitioned by shareholders under the Business Corporations Act, by more than four months. If no record date is set, the record date is 5:00 p.m. on the day immediately preceding the first date on which the notice is sent or, if no notice is sent, the beginning of the meeting.

10.8 Class Meetings and Series Meetings of Shareholders

Subject to the provisions of the Business Corporations Act, unless specified otherwise in these Articles or in the special rights and restrictions attached to any class or series of shares, the provisions of these Articles relating to general meetings will apply, with the necessary changes and so far as they are applicable, to a class meeting or series meeting of shareholders holding a particular class or series of shares.

10.9 Failure to Give Notice and Waiver of Notice

The accidental omission to send notice of any meeting of shareholders to, or the non-receipt of any notice by, any of the persons entitled to notice does not invalidate any proceedings at that meeting. Any person entitled to notice of a meeting of shareholders may, in writing or otherwise, waive or reduce the period of notice of such meeting.

PART 11 PROCEEDINGS AT MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS

11.1 Special Business

At a meeting of shareholders, the following business is special business:

(a) at a meeting of shareholders that is not an annual general meeting, all business is special business except business relating to the conduct of, or voting at, the meeting;

(b) at an annual general meeting, all business is special business except for the following:

(i) business relating to the conduct of, or voting at, the meeting;

(ii) consideration of any financial statements of the Company presented to the meeting;

(iii) consideration of any reports of the directors or auditor;

(iv) the setting or changing of the number of directors;

(v) the election or appointment of directors;

(vi) the appointment of an auditor;

(vii) the setting of the remuneration of an auditor;

(viii) business arising out of a report of the directors not requiring the passing of a special resolution or an exceptional resolution;

(ix) any other business which, under these Articles or the Business Corporations Act, may be transacted at a meeting of shareholders without prior notice of the business being given to the shareholders.

11.2 Special Majority

The majority of votes required for the Company to pass a special resolution at a meeting of shareholders is two-thirds of the votes cast on the resolution.


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11.3 Quorum

Subject to the special rights and restrictions attached to the shares of any class or series of shares, the quorum for the transaction of business at a meeting of shareholders is two (2) persons who are, or represent by proxy, shareholders holding, in the aggregate, at least five percent (5%) of the issued shares entitled to be voted at the meeting.

11.4 One Shareholder May Constitute Quorum

If there is only one shareholder entitled to vote at a meeting of shareholders:

(a) the quorum is one person who is, or who represents by proxy, that shareholder, and
(b) that shareholder, present in person or by proxy, may constitute the meeting.

11.5 Meetings by Telephone or Other Communications Medium

A shareholder or proxy holder who is entitled to participate in, including vote at, a meeting of shareholders may participate in person or by telephone or other communications medium if all shareholders and proxy holders participating in the meeting, whether in person or by telephone or other communications medium, are able to communicate with each other. A shareholder who participates in a meeting in a manner contemplated by this Article 11.5 is deemed for all purposes of the Business Corporations Act and these Articles to be present at the meeting and to have agreed to participate in that manner. Nothing in this Article 11.5 obligates the Company to take any action or provide any facility to permit or facilitate the use of any communications medium at a meeting of shareholders.

11.6 Other Persons May Attend

The directors, the president (if any), the secretary (if any), the assistant secretary (if any), the auditor of the Company, the lawyers for the Company and any other persons invited by the directors are entitled to attend any meeting of shareholders, but if any of those persons does attend a meeting of shareholders, that person is not to be counted in the quorum and is not entitled to vote at the meeting unless that person is a shareholder or proxy holder entitled to vote at the meeting.

11.7 Requirement of Quorum

No business, other than the election of a chair of the meeting and the adjournment of the meeting, may be transacted at any meeting of shareholders unless a quorum of shareholders entitled to vote is present at the commencement of the meeting, but such quorum need not be present throughout the meeting.

11.8 Lack of Quorum

If, within one-half hour from the time set for the holding of a meeting of shareholders, a quorum is not present:

(a) in the case of a general meeting requisitioned by shareholders, the meeting is dissolved; and
(b) in the case of any other meeting of shareholders, the meeting stands adjourned to the same day in the next week at the same time and place.

11.9 Lack of Quorum at Succeeding Meeting

If, at the meeting to which the meeting referred to in Article 11.8(b) was adjourned, a quorum is not present within one-half hour from the time set for the holding of the meeting, the person or persons present and being, or representing by proxy, one or more shareholders entitled to attend and vote at the meeting constitute a quorum.

11.10 Chair

The following individual is entitled to preside as chair at a meeting of shareholders:

(a) the chair of the board, if any;


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(b) if the chair of the board is absent or unwilling to act as chair of the meeting, the president, if any; or
(c) such other person designated by the directors.

11.11 Selection of Alternate Chair

If, at any meeting of shareholders, the person appointed under section 11.9 above is not present within 15 minutes after the time set for holding the meeting, or if such person is unwilling to act as chair of the meeting, or if such person has advised the secretary, if any, or any director present at the meeting, that such person will not be present at the meeting, the directors present must choose: one of their number, a senior officer or counsel to the Company to chair the meeting or if the director, senior officer or counsel present declines to take the chair or if the directors fail to so choose or if no director, senior officer or counsel is present, the shareholders entitled to vote at the meeting who are present in person or by proxy may choose any person present at the meeting to chair the meeting.

11.12 Adjournments

The chair of a meeting of shareholders may, and if so directed by the meeting must, adjourn the meeting from time to time and from place to place, but no business may be transacted at any adjourned meeting other than the business left unfinished at the meeting from which the adjournment took place.

11.13 Notice of Adjourned Meeting

It is not necessary to give any notice of an adjourned meeting or of the business to be transacted at an adjourned meeting of shareholders except that, when a meeting is adjourned for thirty days or more, notice of the adjourned meeting must be given as in the case of the original meeting.

11.14 Decisions by Show of Hands or Poll

Every motion put to a vote at a meeting of shareholders will be decided on a show of hands unless a poll, before or on the declaration of the result of the vote by show of hands, is directed by the chair or demanded by at least one shareholder entitled to vote who is present in person or by proxy.

11.15 Declaration of Result

The chair of a meeting of shareholders must declare to the meeting the decision on every question in accordance with the result of the show of hands or the poll, as the case may be, and that decision must be entered in the minutes of the meeting. A declaration of the chair that a resolution is carried by the necessary majority or is defeated is, unless a poll is directed by the chair or demanded under Article 11.13, conclusive evidence without proof of the number or proportion of the votes recorded in favour of or against the resolution.

11.16 Motion Need Not be Seconded

No motion proposed at a meeting of shareholders need be seconded unless the chair of the meeting rules otherwise, and the chair of any meeting of shareholders is entitled to propose or second a motion.

11.17 Casting Vote

In case of an equality of votes, the chair of a meeting of shareholders does not, either on a show of hands or on a poll, have a second or casting vote in addition to the vote or votes to which the chair may be entitled as a shareholder.

11.18 Manner of Taking Poll

Subject to Article 11.18, if a poll is duly demanded at a meeting of shareholders:

(a) the poll must be taken:

(i) at the meeting, or within seven days after the date of the meeting, as the chair of the meeting directs; and


(ii) in the manner, at the time and at the place that the chair of the meeting directs;
(b) the result of the poll is deemed to be the decision of the meeting at which the poll is demanded; and
(c) the demand for the poll may be withdrawn by the person who demanded it.

11.19 Demand for Poll on Adjournment

A poll demanded at a meeting of shareholders on a question of adjournment must be taken immediately at the meeting.

11.20 Chair Must Resolve Dispute

In the case of any dispute as to the admission or rejection of a vote given on a poll, the chair of a meeting of the shareholders must determine the dispute, and his or her determination made in good faith is final and conclusive.

11.21 Casting of Votes

On a poll, a shareholder entitled to more than one vote need not cast all the votes in the same way.

11.22 Demand for Poll

No poll may be demanded in respect of the vote by which a chair of a meeting of shareholders is elected.

11.23 Demand for Poll Not to Prevent Continuance of Meeting

The demand for a poll at a meeting of shareholders does not, unless the chair of the meeting so rules, prevent the continuation of a meeting for the transaction of any business other than the question on which a poll has been demanded.

11.24 Retention of Ballots and Proxies

The Company must, for at least three months after a meeting of shareholders, keep each ballot cast on a poll and each proxy voted at the meeting, and during that period, make such ballots and proxies available for inspection during normal business hours by any shareholder or proxyholder entitled to vote at the meeting. At the end of such three month period, the Company may destroy such ballots and proxies.

PART 12 VOTES OF SHAREHOLDERS

12.1 Number of Votes by Shareholder or by Shares

Subject to any special rights or restrictions attached to any shares and to the restrictions imposed on joint shareholders under Article 12.3:

(a) on a vote by show of hands, every person present who is a shareholder or proxy holder and entitled to vote on the matter has one vote; and
(b) on a poll, every shareholder entitled to vote on the matter has one vote in respect of each share entitled to be voted on the matter and held by that shareholder and may exercise that vote either in person or by proxy.

12.2 Votes of Persons in Representative Capacity

A person who is not a shareholder may vote at a meeting of shareholders, whether on a show of hands or on a poll, and may appoint a proxy holder to act at the meeting, if, before doing so, the person satisfies the chair of the meeting, or the directors, that the person is a legal personal representative or a trustee in bankruptcy for a shareholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting.


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12.3 Votes by Joint Holders

If there are joint shareholders registered in respect of any share:

(a) any one of the joint shareholders may vote at any meeting of the shareholders, either personally or by proxy, in respect of the share as if that joint shareholder were solely entitled to it; or

(b) if more than one of the joint shareholders is present at any meeting of the shareholders, personally or by proxy, and more than one of the joint shareholders votes in respect of that share, then only the vote of the joint shareholder present whose name stands first on the central securities register in respect of the share will be counted.

12.4 Legal Personal Representatives as Joint Shareholders

Two or more legal personal representatives of a shareholder in whose sole name any share is registered are, for the purposes of Article 12.3, deemed to be joint shareholders.

12.5 Representative of a Corporate Shareholder

If a corporation, that is not a subsidiary of the Company, is a shareholder, that corporation may appoint a person to act as its representative at any meeting of the shareholders by written instrument, fax or any other method of transmitting legibly recorded messages and:

(a) for that purpose, the instrument appointing a representative must:

(i) be received at the registered office of the Company or at any other place specified for the receipt of proxies, in the notice calling the meeting, at least the number of business days for the receipt of proxies specified in the notice, or if no number of days is specified in the notice, at least, two business days before the day set for the holding of the meeting; or

(ii) be provided, at the meeting, to the chair of the meeting or to a person designated by the chair of the meeting;

(b) if a representative is appointed under this Article 12.5:

(i) the representative is entitled to exercise in respect of and at that meeting the same rights on behalf of the corporation that the corporation could exercise if it were a shareholder who is an individual, including, without limitation, the right to appoint a proxy holder; and

(ii) the representative, if present at the meeting, is to be counted for the purpose of forming a quorum and is deemed to be a shareholder present in person at the meeting.

12.6 Proxy Provisions Do Not Apply to All Companies

Article 12.9 does not apply to the Company if and for so long as it is a public company or a pre-existing reporting company which has the Statutory Reporting Company Provisions as part of its Articles or to which the Statutory Reporting Company Provisions apply. Sections 12.7 to 12.15 apply to the Company only insofar as they are not inconsistent with any applicable securities legislation and any regulations and rules made and promulgated under such legislation and all administrative policy statements, blanket orders and rulings, notices and other administrative directions issued by securities commission or similar authorities appointed under that legislation.

12.7 Appointment of Proxy Holders

Every shareholder of the Company, including a corporation that is a shareholder but not a subsidiary of the Company, entitled to vote at a meeting of the shareholders of the Company may, by proxy, appoint one or more (but not more than five) proxy holders to attend and act at the meeting in the manner, to the extent and with the powers conferred by the instrument of proxy.


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12.8 Alternate Proxy Holders

A shareholder may appoint one or more alternate proxy holders who need not be shareholders to act in the place of an absent proxy holder.

12.9 Form of Proxy

A proxy, whether for a specified meeting or otherwise, must be either in the following form or in any other form designated by the directors, the scrutineer or the chair of the meeting:


(the “Company”)

The undersigned, being a shareholder of the Company, hereby appoints [name] or, failing that person, [name], as proxy holder for the undersigned to attend, act and vote for and on behalf of the undersigned at the meeting of shareholders of the Company to be held on [month, day, year] and at any adjournment of that meeting.

Number of shares in respect of which this proxy is given (if no number is specified, then this proxy is given in respect of all shares registered in the name of the undersigned): _____.

Signed [month, day, year]

[Signature of shareholder]

[Name of shareholder- printed]

12.10 Deposit of Proxy

A proxy for a meeting of shareholders must be by written instrument, fax or any other method of transmitting legibly messages and must:

(a) be received at the registered office of the Company or at any other place specified for the receipt of proxies, in the notice calling the meeting, at least the number of business days specified in the notice for the receipt of proxies, or if no number of days is specified, in the notice, at least two business days before the day set for the holding of the meeting; or

(b) unless the notice provides otherwise, be deposited at the meeting, to the chair of the meeting or to a person designated by the chair of the meeting.

A proxy may be sent to the Company by written instrument, fax or any other method of transmitting legibly recorded messages.

12.11 Revocation of Proxy

Subject to Article 12.12, every proxy may be revoked by an instrument in writing that is:

(a) received at the registered office of the Company at any time up to and including the last business day before the day set for the holding of the meeting at which the proxy is to be used; or

(b) deposited with the chair of the meeting, at the meeting, before any vote in respect of which the proxy is to be used shall have been taken.

12.12 Revocation of Proxy Must Be Signed

An instrument referred to in Article 12.11 must be signed as follows:


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(a) if the shareholder for whom the proxy holder is appointed is an individual, the instrument must be signed by the shareholder or his or her legal personal representative or trustee in bankruptcy;

(b) if the shareholder for whom the proxy holder is appointed is a corporation, the instrument must be signed by the corporation or by a representative appointed for the corporation under Article 12.5.

12.13 Production of Evidence of Authority to Vote

The chair of any meeting of shareholders may, but need not, inquire into the authority of any person to vote at the meeting and may, but need not, demand from that person production of evidence as to the existence of the authority to vote.

12.14 Chair May Determine Validity of Proxy

The chair of any meeting of shareholders may determine whether or not a proxy deposited for use at the meeting, which may not strictly comply with the requirements of this Article 12 as to form, execution, accompanying documentation, time of filing or otherwise, shall be valid for use at the meeting and any such determination made in good faith shall be final, conclusive and binding upon the meeting.

PART 13 DIRECTORS

13.1 First Directors; Number of Directors

The first directors are the persons designated as directors of the Company in the Notice of Articles that applies to the Company when it is recognized under the Business Corporations Act. The number of directors, excluding additional directors appointed under Article 14.8, is set at:

(a) subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), the number of directors that is equal to the number of the Company's first directors;

(b) if the Company is a public company, the greater of three and the most recently set of:

(i) a number fixed from time to time by the board of directors; and

(ii) the number of directors set under Article 14.4;

(c) if the Company is not a public company, the most recently set of:

(i) a number fixed from time to time by the board of directors; and

(ii) the number of directors set under Article 14.4.

13.2 Change in Number of Directors

If the number of directors is set under Articles 13.1(b)(i) or 13.1(c)(i):

(a) the shareholders may elect or appoint the directors needed to fill any vacancies in the board of directors up to that number;

(b) if the shareholders do not elect or appoint the directors needed to fill any vacancies in the board of directors up to that number contemporaneously with the setting of that number, then the directors may appoint, or the shareholders may elect or appoint, directors to fill those vacancies.

13.3 Directors' Acts Valid Despite Vacancy

An act or proceeding of the directors is not invalid merely because fewer than the number of directors set or otherwise required under these Articles is in office.


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13.4 Qualifications of Directors

A director is not required to hold a share in the capital of the Company as qualification for his or her office but must be qualified as required by the Business Corporations Act to become, act or continue to act as a director.

13.5 Remuneration of Directors

The directors are entitled to the remuneration for acting as directors, if any, as the directors may from time to time determine. If the directors so decide, the remuneration of the directors, if any, will be determined by the shareholders. That remuneration may be in addition to any salary or other remuneration paid to any officer or employee of the Company as such, who is also a director.

13.6 Reimbursement of Expenses of Directors

The Company must reimburse each director for the reasonable expenses that he or she may incur in and about the business of the Company.

13.7 Special Remuneration for Directors

If any director performs any professional or other services for the Company that in the opinion of the directors are outside the ordinary duties of a director, or if any director is otherwise specially occupied in or about the Company's business, he or she may be paid remuneration fixed by the directors, or, at the option of that director, fixed by ordinary resolution, and such remuneration may be either in addition to, or in substitution for, any other remuneration that he or she may be entitled to receive.

13.8 Gratuity, Pension or Allowance on Retirement of Director

Unless otherwise determined by ordinary resolution, the directors on behalf of the Company may pay a gratuity or pension or allowance on retirement to any director who has held any salaried office or place of profit with the Company or to his or her spouse or dependants and may make contributions to any fund and pay premiums for the purchase or provision of any such gratuity, pension or allowance.

PART 14 ELECTION AND REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS

14.1 Election at Annual General Meeting

At every annual general meeting and in every unanimous resolution contemplated by Article 10.2:

(a) the shareholders entitled to vote at the annual general meeting for the election of directors must elect, or in the unanimous resolution appoint, a board of directors consisting of the number of directors for the time being set under these Articles; and

(b) all the directors cease to hold office immediately before the election or appointment of directors under paragraph (1), but are eligible for re-election or re-appointment.

14.2 Consent to be a Director

No election, appointment or designation of an individual as a director is valid unless:

(a) that individual consents to be a director in the manner provided for in the Business Corporations Act;

(b) that individual is elected or appointed at a meeting at which the individual is present and the individual does not refuse, at the meeting, to be a director; or

(c) with respect to first directors, the designation is otherwise valid under the Business Corporations Act.


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14.3 Failure to Elect or Appoint Directors

If:

(a) the Company fails to hold an annual general meeting, and all the shareholders who are entitled to vote at an annual general meeting fail to pass the unanimous resolution contemplated by Article 10.2, on or before the date by which the annual general meeting is required to be held under the Business Corporations Act; or

(b) the shareholders fail, at the annual general meeting or in the unanimous resolution contemplated by Article 10.2, to elect or appoint any directors;

then each director then in office continues to hold office until the earlier of:

(c) the date on which his or her successor is elected or appointed; and

(d) the date on which he or she otherwise ceases to hold office under the Business Corporations Act or these Articles.

14.4 Places of Retiring Directors Not Filled

If, at any meeting of shareholders at which there should be an election of directors, the places of any of the retiring directors are not filled by that election, those retiring directors who are not re-elected and who are asked by the newly elected directors to continue in office will, if willing to do so, continue in office to complete the number of directors for the time being set pursuant to these Articles until further new directors are elected at a meeting of shareholders convened for that purpose. If any such election or continuance of directors does not result in the election or continuance of the number of directors for the time being set pursuant to these Articles, the number of directors of the Company is deemed to be set at the number of directors actually elected or continued in office.

14.5 Directors May Fill Casual Vacancies,

Any casual vacancy occurring in the board of directors may be filled by the directors.

14.6 Remaining Directors Power to Act

The directors may act notwithstanding any vacancy in the board of directors, but if the Company has fewer directors in office than the number set pursuant to these Articles as the quorum of directors, the directors may only act for the purpose of appointing directors up to that number or of summoning a meeting of shareholders for the purpose of filling any vacancies on the board of directors or, subject to the Business Corporations Act, for any other purpose.

14.7 Shareholders May Fill Vacancies

If the Company has no directors or fewer directors in office than the number set pursuant to these Articles as the quorum of directors, the shareholders by ordinary resolution may elect or appoint directors to fill any vacancies on the board of directors.

14.8 Additional Directors

Notwithstanding Articles 13.1 and 13.2, between annual general meetings or unanimous resolutions contemplated by Article 10.2, the directors may appoint one or more additional directors, but the number of additional directors appointed under this Article 14.8 must not at any time exceed:

(a) one-third of the number of first directors, if, at the time of the appointments, one or more of the first directors have not yet completed their first term of office; or

(b) in any other case, one-third of the number of the current directors who were elected or appointed as directors other than under this Article 14.8.


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Any director so appointed ceases to hold office immediately before the next election or appointment of directors under Article 14.1(a), but is eligible for re-election or re-appointment.

14.9 Ceasing to be a Director

A director ceases to be a director when:

(a) the term of office of the director expires;

(b) the director dies;

(c) the director resigns as a director by notice in writing provided to the Company or a lawyer for the Company; or

(d) the director is removed from office pursuant to Articles 14.10 or 14.11.

14.10 Removal of Director by Shareholders

The Company may remove any director before the expiration of his or her term of office by special resolution. In that event, the shareholders may elect, or appoint by ordinary resolution, a director to fill the resulting vacancy. If the shareholders do not elect or appoint a director to fill the resulting vacancy contemporaneously with the removal, then the directors may appoint or the shareholders may elect, or appoint by ordinary resolution, a director to fill that vacancy.

14.11 Removal of Director by Directors

The directors may remove any director before the expiration of his or her term of office if the director is convicted of an indictable offence, or if the director ceased to be qualified to act as a director of a company and does not promptly resign, and the directors may appoint a director to fill the resulting vacancy.

PART 15 POWERS AND DUTIES OF DIRECTORS

15.1 Powers of Management

The directors must, subject to the Business Corporations Act and these Articles, manage or supervise the management of the business and affairs of the Company and have the authority to exercise all such powers of the Company as are not, by the Business Corporations Act or by these Articles, required to be exercised by the shareholders of the Company.

15.2 Appointment of Attorney of Company

The directors may from time to time, by power of attorney or other instrument, under seal if so required by law, appoint any person to be the attorney of the Company for such purposes, and with such powers, authorities and discretions (not exceeding those vested in or exercisable by the directors under these Articles and excepting the power to fill vacancies in the board of directors, to remove a director, to change the membership of, or fill vacancies in, any committee of the directors, to appoint or remove officers appointed by the directors and to declare dividends) and for such period, and with such remuneration and subject to such conditions as the directors may think fit. Any such power of attorney may contain such provisions for the protection or convenience of persons dealing with such attorney as the directors think fit. Any such attorney may be authorized by the directors to sub-delegate all or any of the powers, authorities and discretions for the time being vested in him or her.

PART 16 DISCLOSURE OF INTEREST OF DIRECTORS

16.1 Obligation to Account for Profits

A director or senior officer who holds a disclosable interest (as that term is used in the Business Corporations Act) in a contract or transaction into which the Company has entered or proposes to enter is liable to account to the Company for any profit that accrues to the director or senior officer under or as a result of the contract or transaction only if and to the extent provided in the Business Corporations Act.


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16.2 Restrictions on Voting by Reason of Interest

A director who holds a disclosable interest in a contract or transaction into which the Company has entered or proposes to enter is not entitled to vote on any directors' resolution to approve that contract or transaction, unless all the directors have a disclosable interest in that contract or transaction, in which case any or all of those directors may vote on such resolution.

16.3 Interested Director Counted in Quorum

A director who holds a disclosable interest in a contract or transaction into which the Company has entered or proposes to enter and who is present at the meeting of directors at which the contract or transaction is considered for approval may be counted in the quorum at the meeting whether or not the director votes on any or all of the resolutions considered at the meeting.

16.4 Disclosure of Conflict of Interest or Property

A director or senior officer who holds any office or possesses any property, right or interest that could result, directly or indirectly, in the creation of a duty or interest that materially conflicts with that individual's duty or interest as a director or senior officer, must disclose the nature and extent of the conflict as required by the Business Corporations Act.

16.5 Director Holding Other Office in the Company

A director may hold any office or place of profit with the Company, other than the office of auditor of the Company, in addition to his or her office of director for the period and on the terms (as to remuneration or otherwise) that the directors may determine.

16.6 No Disqualification

No director or intended director is disqualified by his or her office from contracting with the Company either with regard to the holding of any office or place of profit the director holds with the Company or as vendor, purchaser or otherwise, and no contract or transaction entered into by or on behalf of the Company in which a director is in any way interested is liable to be voided for that reason.

16.7 Professional Services by Director or Officer

Subject to the Business Corporations Act, a director or officer, or any person in which a director or officer has an interest, may act in a professional capacity for the Company, except as auditor of the Company, and the director or officer or such person is entitled to remuneration for professional services as if that director or officer were not a director or officer.

16.8 Director or Officer in Other Corporations

A director or officer may be or become a director, officer or employee of, or otherwise interested in, any person in which the Company may be interested as a shareholder or otherwise, and, subject to the Business Corporations Act, the director or officer is not accountable to the Company for any remuneration or other benefits received by him or her as director, officer or employee of, or from his or her interest in, such other person.

PART 17 PROCEEDINGS OF DIRECTORS

17.1 Meetings of Directors

The directors may meet together for the conduct of business, adjourn and otherwise regulate their meetings as the directors think fit, and meetings of the directors held at regular intervals may be held at the place, at the time and on the notice, if any, as the directors may from time to time determine.

17.2 Voting at Meetings

Questions arising at any meeting of directors are to be decided by a majority of votes and, in the case of an equality of votes, the chair of the meeting does not have a second or casting vote.


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17.3 Chair of Meetings

The following individual is entitled to preside as chair at a meeting of directors:

(a) the chair of the board, if any;

(b) in the absence of the chair of the board, the president, if any, if the president is a director; or

(c) any other director chosen by the directors if:

(i) neither the chair of the board nor the president, if a director, is present at the meeting within 15 minutes after the time set for holding the meeting;

(ii) neither the chair of the board nor the president, if a director, is willing to chair the meeting; or

(iii) the chair of the board and the president, if a director, have advised the secretary, if any, or any other director, that the chair of the board and the president will not be present at the meeting.

17.4 Meetings by Telephone or Other Communications Medium

A director may participate in a meeting of the directors or of any committee of the directors in person or by telephone if all directors participating in the meeting, whether in person or by telephone or other communications medium, are able to communicate with each other. A director may participate in a meeting of the directors or of any committee of the directors by a communications medium other than telephone if all directors participating in the meeting, whether in person or by telephone or other communications medium, are able to communicate with each other and if all directors who wish to participate in the meeting agree to such participation. A director who participates in a meeting in a manner contemplated by this Article 17.4 is deemed for all purposes of the Business Corporations Act and these Articles to be present at the meeting and to have agreed to participate in that manner.

17.5 Calling of Meetings

A director may, and the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Company, if any, on the request of a director must, call a meeting of the directors at any time.

17.6 Notice of Meetings

Other than for meetings held at regular intervals as determined by the directors pursuant to Article 17.1, or as provided in Articles 17.7, reasonable notice of each meeting of the directors, specifying the place, day and time of that meeting must be given to each of the directors by any method set out in Article 23.1 or orally or by telephone.

17.7 When Notice Not Required

It is not necessary to give notice of a meeting of the directors to a director if:

(a) the meeting is to be held immediately following a meeting of shareholders at which that director was elected or appointed, or is the meeting of the directors at which that director is appointed; or

(b) the director has waived notice of the meeting.

17.8 Meeting Valid Despite Failure to Give Notice

The accidental omission to give notice of any meeting of directors to, or the non-receipt of any notice by, any director does not invalidate any proceedings at that meeting.


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17.9 Waiver of Notice of Meetings

Any director may send to the Company a document signed by him or her waiving notice of any past, present or future meeting or meetings of the directors and may at any time withdraw that waiver with respect to meetings held after that withdrawal. After sending a waiver with respect to all future meetings and until that waiver is withdrawn, no notice of any meeting of the directors need be given to that director and all meetings of the directors so held are deemed not to be improperly called or constituted by reason of notice not having been given to such director.

17.10 Quorum

The quorum necessary for the transaction of the business of the directors may be set by the directors is a majority of directors.

17.11 Validity of Acts Where Appointment Defective

Subject to the Business Corporations Act, an act of a director or officer is not invalid merely because of an irregularity in the election or appointment or a defect in the qualification of that director or officer.

17.12 Consent Resolutions in Writing

A resolution of the directors or of any committee of the directors may be passed without a meeting:

(a) in all cases, if each of the directors entitled to vote on the resolution consents to it in writing; or
(b) in the case of a resolution to approve a contract or transaction in respect of which a director has disclosed that he or she has or may have a disclosable interest, if each of the other directors who are entitled to vote on the resolution consents to it in writing.

A consent in writing under this Article 17 may be evidenced by signed document, fax, email or any other method of transmitting legibly recorded messages. A consent in writing may be in two or more counterparts which together are deemed to constitute one entire document. A resolution of the directors or of any committee of the directors passed in accordance with this Article 17.12 is deemed to effective on the date stated in the consent in writing and is deemed to be a proceeding at a meeting of directors or of the committee of the directors and to be valid and effective as if it had been passed at a meeting of the directors or of the committee of the directors that satisfies all the requirements of the Business Corporations Act and all the requirements of these Articles relating to such meetings.

PART 18 EXECUTIVE AND OTHER COMMITTEES

18.1 Appointment and Powers of Executive Committee

The directors may, by resolution, appoint an executive committee consisting of the director or directors that they consider appropriate, and this committee has, during the intervals between meetings of the board of directors, all of the directors' powers, except:

(a) the power to fill vacancies in the board of directors;
(b) the power to remove a director;
(c) the power to change the membership of, or fill vacancies in, any committee of the directors; and
(d) such other powers, if any, as may be set out in the resolution or any subsequent directors' resolution.

18.2 Appointment and Powers of Other Committees

The directors may, by resolution:

(a) appoint one or more committees (other than the executive committee) consisting of the director or directors that they consider appropriate;


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(b) delegate to a committee appointed under paragraph (a) any of the directors' powers, except:

(i) the power to fill vacancies in the board of directors;

(ii) the power to remove a director;

(iii) the power to change the membership of, or fill vacancies in, any committee of the directors; and

(iv) the power to appoint or remove officers appointed by the directors; and

(c) make any delegation referred to in paragraph (b) subject to the conditions set out in the resolution or any subsequent directors' resolution.

18.3 Obligations of Committees

Any committee appointed under Articles 18.1 or 18.2, in the exercise of the powers delegated to it, must:

(a) conform to any rules that may from time to time be imposed on it by the directors; and

(b) report every act or thing done in exercise of those powers at such times as the directors may require.

18.4 Powers of Board

The directors may, at any time, with respect to a committee appointed under Articles 18.1 or 18.2:

(a) revoke or alter the authority given to the committee, or override a decision made by the committee, except as to acts done before such revocation, alteration or overriding;

(b) terminate the appointment of, or change the membership of, the committee; and

(c) fill vacancies in the committee.

18.5 Committee Meetings

Subject to Article 18.3(a) and unless the directors otherwise provide in the resolution appointing the committee or in any subsequent resolution, with respect to a committee appointed under Articles 18.1 or 18.2:

(a) the committee may meet and adjourn as it thinks proper;

(b) the committee may elect a chair of its meetings but, if no chair of a meeting is elected, or if at a meeting the chair of the meeting is not present within 15 minutes after the time set for holding the meeting, the directors present who are members of the committee may choose one of their number to chair the meeting;

(c) a majority of the members of the committee constitutes a quorum of the committee; and

(d) questions arising at any meeting of the committee are determined by a majority of votes of the members present, and in case of an equality of votes, the chair of the meeting does not have a second or casting vote.


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PART 19 OFFICERS

19.1 Directors May Appoint Officers

The directors may, from time to time, appoint such officers, if any, as the directors determine and the directors may, at any time, terminate any such appointment.

19.2 Functions, Duties and Powers of Officers

The directors may, for each officer:

(a) determine the functions and duties of the officer;

(b) entrust to and confer on the officer any of the powers exercisable by the directors on such terms and conditions and with such restrictions as the directors think fit; and

(c) revoke, withdraw, alter or vary all or any of the functions, duties and powers of the officer.

19.3 Qualifications

No officer may be appointed unless that officer is qualified in accordance with the Business Corporations Act. One person may hold more than one position as an officer of the Company. Any person appointed as the chair of the board or as the managing director must be a director. Any other officer need not be a director.

19.4 Remuneration and Terms of Appointment

All appointments of officers are to be made on the terms and conditions and at the remuneration (whether by way of salary, fee, commission, participation in profits or otherwise) that the directors think fit and are subject to termination at the pleasure of the directors, and an officer may in addition to such remuneration be entitled to receive, after he or she ceases to hold such office or leaves the employment of the Company, a pension or gratuity.

PART 20 INDEMNIFICATION

20.1 Definitions

In this Article 20:

(a) “eligible penalty” means a judgment, penalty or fine awarded or imposed in, or an amount paid in settlement of, an eligible proceeding;

(b) “eligible proceeding” means a legal proceeding or investigative action, whether current, threatened, pending or completed, in which a director, former director, officer, or former officer of the Company (an “eligible party”) or any of the heirs and legal personal representatives of the eligible party, by reason of the eligible party being or having been a director, former director, officer or former officer of the Company:

(i) is or may be joined as a party; or

(ii) is or may be liable for or in respect of a judgment, penalty or fine in, or expenses related to, the proceeding;

(c) “expenses” has the meaning set out in the Business Corporations Act.

20.2 Mandatory Indemnification of Directors and Former Directors

Subject to the Business Corporations Act, the Company may indemnify a director, former director, officer or former officer of the Company and his or her heirs and legal personal representatives against all eligible penalties to which such person is or may be liable, and the Company may, after the final disposition of an eligible proceeding, pay the


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expenses actually and reasonably incurred by such person in respect of that proceeding. Each director and officer is deemed to have contracted with the Company on the terms of the indemnity contained in this Article 20.2.

20.3 Indemnification of Other Persons

Subject to any restrictions in the Business Corporations Act, the Company may indemnify any person.

20.4 Non-Compliance with Business Corporations Act

The failure of a director, former director, officer or former officer of the Company to comply with the Business Corporations Act or these Articles does not invalidate any indemnity to which he or she is entitled under this Part.

20.5 Company May Purchase Insurance

The Company may purchase and maintain insurance for the benefit of any person (or his or her heirs or legal personal representatives) who:

(a) is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company;

(b) is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of a corporation at a time when the corporation is or was an affiliate of the Company;

(c) at the request of the Company, is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of a corporation or of a partnership, trust, joint venture or other unincorporated entity;

(d) at the request of the Company, holds or held a position equivalent to that of a director or officer of a partnership, trust, joint venture or other unincorporated entity;

against any liability incurred by him or her as such director, alternate director, officer, employee or agent or person who holds or held such equivalent position.

PART 21 DIVIDENDS

21.1 Payment of Dividends Subject to Special Rights

The provisions of this Article 21 are subject to Article 2.1 and to the rights, if any, of shareholders holding shares with special rights as to dividends.

21.2 Declaration of Dividends

Subject to the Business Corporations Act, the directors may from time to time declare and authorize payment of such dividends as the directors may deem advisable.

21.3 No Notice Required

The directors need not give notice to any shareholder of any declaration under Article 21.2.

21.4 Record Date

The directors may set a date as the record date for the purpose of determining shareholders entitled to receive payment of a dividend. The record date must not precede the date on which the dividend is to be paid by more than two months. If no record date is set, the record date is 5:00 p.m. on the date on which the directors pass the resolution declaring the dividend.

21.5 Manner of Paying Dividend

A resolution declaring a dividend may direct payment of the dividend wholly or partly by the distribution of specific assets or of fully paid shares or of bonds, debentures or other securities of the Company, or in any one or more of those ways.


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21.6 Settlement of Difficulties

If any difficulty arises in regard to a distribution under Article 21.5, the directors may settle the difficulty as the directors deem advisable, and, in particular, may:

(a) set the value for distribution of specific assets;

(b) determine that cash payments in substitution for all or any part of the specific assets to which any shareholders are entitled may be made to any shareholders on the basis of the value so fixed in order to adjust the rights of all parties; and

(c) vest any such specific assets in trustees for the persons entitled to the dividend.

21.7 When Dividend Payable

Any dividend may be made payable on such date as is fixed by the directors.

21.8 Dividends to be Paid in Accordance with Number of Shares

All dividends on shares of any class or series of shares must be declared and paid according to the number of such shares held.

21.9 Receipt by Joint Shareholders

If several persons are joint shareholders of any share, any one of such joint shareholders may give an effective receipt for any dividend, bonus or other money payable in respect of the share.

21.10 Dividend Bears No Interest

No dividend bears interest against the Company.

21.11 Fractional Dividends

If a dividend to which a shareholder is entitled includes a fraction of the smallest monetary unit of the currency of the dividend, that fraction may be disregarded in making payment of the dividend and that payment represents full payment of the dividend.

21.12 Payment of Dividends

Any dividend or other distribution payable in cash in respect of shares may be paid by cheque, made payable to the order of the person to whom it is sent, and mailed to the address of the shareholder, or in the case of joint shareholders, to the address of the joint shareholder who is first named on the central securities register, or to the person and to the address the shareholder or joint shareholders may direct in writing. The mailing of such cheque will, to the extent of the sum represented by the cheque (plus the amount of the tax required by law to be deducted), discharge all liability for the dividend unless such cheque is not paid on presentation or the amount of tax so deducted is not paid to the appropriate taxing authority.

21.13 Capitalization of Surplus

Notwithstanding anything contained in these Articles, the directors may from time to time capitalize any retained earnings or surplus of the Company and may from time to time issue, as fully paid, shares or any bonds, debentures or other securities of the Company as a dividend representing all or part of such retained earnings or surplus or any part of the retained earnings or surplus.

PART 22 DOCUMENTS, RECORDS AND REPORTS

22.1 Recording of Financial Affairs

The directors must cause adequate accounting records to be kept to record properly the financial affairs and condition of the Company and to comply with the Business Corporations Act.


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22.2 Inspection of Accounting Records

Unless the directors determine otherwise, or unless otherwise determined by ordinary resolution, no shareholder of the Company is entitled to inspect or obtain a copy of any accounting records of the Company.

PART 23 NOTICES

23.1 Method of Giving Notice

Unless the Business Corporations Act or these Articles provides otherwise, a notice, statement, report or other record required or permitted by the Business Corporations Act or these Articles to be sent by or to a person may be sent by any one of the following methods:

(a) mail addressed to the person at the applicable address for that person as follows:

(i) for a record mailed to a shareholder, the shareholder's registered address;

(ii) for a record mailed to a director or officer, the prescribed address for mailing shown for the director or officer in the records kept by the Company or the mailing address provided by the recipient for the sending of that record or records of that class;

(iii) in any other case, the mailing address of the intended recipient;

(b) delivery at the applicable address for that person as follows, addressed to the person:

(i) for a record delivered to a shareholder, the shareholder's registered address;

(ii) for a record delivered to a director or officer, the prescribed address for delivery shown for the director or officer in the records kept by the Company or the delivery address provided by the recipient for the sending of that record or records of that class;

(iii) in any other case, the delivery address of the intended recipient;

(c) sending the record by fax to the fax number provided by the intended recipient for the sending of that record or records of that class;

(d) sending the record by email to the email address provided by the intended recipient for the sending of that record or records of that class;

(e) physical delivery to the intended recipient.

23.2 Deemed Receipt of Mailing

A record that is mailed to a person by ordinary mail to the applicable address for that person referred to in Article 23.1 is deemed to be received by the person to whom it was mailed on the day, Saturdays, Sundays and holidays excepted, following the date of mailing. A record that was emailed to a person referred to in Article 23.1 is deemed to be received by the person to whom it was emailed on the day it was emailed.

23.3 Certificate of Sending

A certificate signed by the secretary, if any, or other officer of the Company or of any other corporation acting in that behalf for the Company stating that a notice, statement, report or other record was addressed as required by Article 23.1, prepaid and mailed or otherwise sent as permitted by Article 23.1 is conclusive evidence of that fact.

23.4 Notice to Joint Shareholders

A notice, statement, report or other record may be provided by the Company to the joint shareholders of a share by providing the notice to the joint shareholder first named in the central securities register in respect of the share.


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23.5 Notice to Trustees

A notice, statement, report or other record may be provided by the Company to the persons entitled to a share in consequence of the death, bankruptcy or incapacity of a shareholder by:

(a) mailing the record, addressed to such person:

(i) by name, by the title of the legal personal representative of the deceased or incapacitated shareholder, by the title of trustee of the bankrupt shareholder or by any similar description; and

(ii) at the address, if any, supplied to the Company for that purpose by the persons claiming to be so entitled; or

(b) if an address referred to in paragraph (a)(i) has not been supplied to the Company, by giving the notice in a manner in which it might have been given if the death, bankruptcy or incapacity had not occurred.

23.6 Undelivered Notices

If, on two consecutive occasions, a notice, statement, report or other record is sent to a shareholder pursuant to Article 23.1 and on each of those occasions any such record is returned because the shareholder cannot be located, the Company will not be required to send any further records to the shareholder until the shareholder informs the Company in writing of his or her new address.

PART 24 SEAL

24.1 Who May Attest Seal

Except as provided in Articles 24.2 and 24.3, the Company's seal, if any, must not be impressed on any record except when that impression is attested by the signatures of:

(a) any two directors;

(b) any officer, together with any director;

(c) if the Company only has one director, that director; or

(d) any one or more directors or officers or persons as may be determined by the directors.

24.2 Sealing Copies; Signing Authority

For the purpose of certifying under seal a certificate of incumbency of the directors or officers of the Company or a true copy of any resolution or other document, despite Article 24.1, the impression of the seal may be attested by the signature of any director or officer. In the event that the Company does not have a seal or wishes to execute a document without affixing a seal, any documents requiring signature on behalf of the Company may be signed by any one or more of the directors or officers of the Company unless a contrary intention is expressed in a directors' resolution.

24.3 Mechanical Reproduction of Seal

The directors may authorize the seal to be impressed by third parties on share certificates or bonds, debentures or other securities of the Company as the directors may determine appropriate from time to time. To enable the seal to be impressed on any share certificates or bonds, debentures or other securities of the Company, whether in definitive or interim form, on which facsimiles of any of the signatures of the directors or officers of the Company are, in accordance with the Business Corporations Act or these Articles, printed or otherwise mechanically reproduced, there may be delivered to the person employed to engrave, lithograph or print such definitive or interim share certificates or bonds, debentures or other securities one or more unmounted dies reproducing the seal and the chair of the board or any senior officer together with the secretary, treasurer, secretary-treasurer, an assistant secretary, an


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    assistant treasurer or an assistant secretary-treasurer may in writing authorize such person to cause the seal to be impressed on such definitive or interim share certificates or bonds, debentures or other securities by the use of such dies. Share certificates or bonds, debentures or other securities to which the seal has been so impressed are for all purposes deemed to be under and to bear the seal impressed on them.

PART 25 PROHIBITIONS

25.1 Definitions

In this Article 25:

(a) “designated security” means:

(i) a voting security of the Company;

(ii) a security of the Company that is not a debt security and that carries a residual right to participate in the earnings of the Company or, on the liquidation or winding up of the Company, in its assets; or

(iii) a security of the Company convertible, directly or indirectly, into a security described in paragraph (i) or (ii);

(b) “security” has the meaning assigned in the Securities Act (British Columbia);

(c) “voting security” means a security of the Company that:

(i) is not a debt security, and

(ii) carries a voting right either under all circumstances or under some circumstances that have occurred and are continuing.

25.2 Application

Article 25.3 does not apply to the Company if and for so long as it is a public company or a pre-existing reporting company which has the Statutory Reporting Company Provisions as part of its Articles or to which the Statutory Reporting Company Provisions apply.

25.3 Consent Required for Transfer of Shares or Designated Securities

No share or designated security may be sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of without the consent of the directors and the directors are not required to give any reason for refusing to consent to any such sale, transfer or other disposition.

PART 26 ADVANCE NOTICE PROVISIONS

26.1 Nomination of Directors

(a) Only persons who are nominated in accordance with the following procedures shall be eligible for election as directors of the Company. Nominations of persons for election to the board may be made at any general meeting of shareholders if one of the purposes for which the general meeting was called was the election of directors:

(i) by or at the direction of the board, including pursuant to a notice of meeting;

(ii) by or at the direction or request of one or more shareholders pursuant to a proposal made in accordance with the provisions of the Business Corporations Act, or a requisition of the shareholders made in accordance with the provisions of the Business Corporations Act; or


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(iii) by any person (a "Nominating Shareholder"): (A) who, at the close of business on the date of the giving of the notice provided for below in this Article 26.1 and on the record date for notice of such meeting, is entered in the central securities register as a holder of one or more shares carrying the right to vote at such meeting or who beneficially owns shares that are entitled to be voted at such meeting; and (B) who complies with the notice procedures set forth below in this Article 26.1.

(b) In addition to any other applicable requirements, for a nomination to be made by a Nominating Shareholder, the Nominating Shareholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the Secretary of the Company at the principal executive offices of the Company.

(c) To be timely, a Nominating Shareholder's notice to the Secretary of the Company must be given:

(i) in the case of an annual general meeting of shareholders, not less than 30 days prior to the date of the annual general meeting of shareholders; provided, however, that in the event that the annual general meeting of shareholders is to be held on a date that is less than 50 days after the date (the "Notice Date") on which the first public announcement of the date of the meeting was made, notice by the Nominating Shareholder may be given not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the Notice Date;

(ii) in the case of any other general meeting of shareholders called for the purpose of electing directors (whether or not also called for other purposes), not later than the close of business on the 15th day following the Notice Date with respect to such meeting; and

(iii) if notice-and-access (as defined in National Instrument 54-101 - Communication with Beneficial Owners of Securities of a Reporting Issuer) is used for delivery of proxy related materials in respect of a general meeting described above, and the notice date in respect of the general meeting is not fewer than 50 days prior to the date of such meeting, the notice must be received by the Secretary of the Company not later than the close of business on the 40th day before such meeting.

(d) To be in proper written form, a Nominating Shareholder's notice to the Secretary of the Company must set forth:

(i) as to each person whom the Nominating Shareholder proposes to nominate for election as a director: (A) the name, age, business address and residential address of the person; (B) the principal occupation or employment of the person; (C) the class or series and number of shares in the authorized share structure of the Company which are controlled or which are owned beneficially or of record by the person as of the record date for the general meeting of shareholders (if such date shall then have been made publicly available and shall have occurred) and as of the date of such notice; and (D) any other information relating to the person that would be required to be disclosed in a dissident's proxy circular in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to applicable securities legislation; and

(ii) as to the Nominating Shareholder giving the notice, any proxy, contract, arrangement, understanding or relationship pursuant to which such Nominating Shareholder has a right to vote any shares of the Company and any other information relating to such Nominating Shareholder that would be required to be made in a dissident's proxy circular in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to applicable securities legislation.

(e) The Company may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as may reasonably be required by the Company to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to


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serve as an independent director of the Company or that could be material to a reasonable shareholder's understanding of the independence, or lack thereof, of such proposed nominee.

(f) No person shall be eligible for election as a director of the Company unless nominated in accordance with the provisions of this Article 26.1; provided, however, that nothing in this Article 26.1 shall be deemed to preclude discussion by a shareholder (as distinct from the nomination of directors) at a meeting of shareholders of any matter in respect of which it would have been entitled to submit a proposal pursuant to the provisions of the Business Corporations Act. The chair of the meeting shall have the power and duty to determine whether a nomination was made in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Article 26.1 and, if any proposed nomination is not in compliance with such foregoing provisions, to declare that such defective nomination shall be disregarded.

(g) For purposes of this Article 26.1, "public announcement" shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by a national news service in Canada, or in a document publicly filed by the Company under its profile on the System of Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval at www.sedarplus.ca.

(h) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article 26.1, notice given to the Secretary of the Company pursuant to this Article 26.1 may only be given by personal delivery, facsimile transmission or by email (at such email address as stipulated from time to time by the Secretary of the Company for purposes of this notice), and shall be deemed to have been given and made only at the time it is served by personal delivery, email (at the address as aforesaid) or sent by facsimile transmission (provided that receipt of confirmation of such transmission has been received) to the Secretary at the address of the principal executive offices of the Company; provided that if such delivery or electronic communication is made on a day which is a not a business day or later than 5:00 p.m. (Vancouver time) on a day which is a business day, then such delivery or electronic communication shall be deemed to have been made on the subsequent day that is a business day.

(i) Notwithstanding the foregoing, the board may, in its sole discretion, waive any requirement in this Article 26.1.


SCHEDULE "E"

DISSENT RIGHTS (CBCA)

Right to dissent

  1. (1) Subject to sections 191 and 241, a holder of shares of any class of a corporation may dissent if the corporation is subject to an order under paragraph 192(4)(d) that affects the holder or if the corporation resolves to

a) amend its articles under section 173 or 174 to add, change or remove any provisions restricting or constraining the issue, transfer or ownership of shares of that class;
b) amend its articles under section 173 to add, change or remove any restriction on the business or businesses that the corporation may carry on;
c) amalgamate otherwise than under section 184;
d) be continued under section 188;
e) sell, lease or exchange all or substantially all its property under subsection 189(3); or
f) carry out a going-private transaction or a squeeze-out transaction.

Further right

(2) A holder of shares of any class or series of shares entitled to vote under section 176 may dissent if the corporation resolves to amend its articles in a manner described in that section.

If one class of shares

(2.1) The right to dissent described in subsection (2) applies even if there is only one class of shares.

Payment for shares

(3) In addition to any other right the shareholder may have, but subject to subsection (26), a shareholder who complies with this section is entitled, when the action approved by the resolution from which the shareholder dissents or an order made under subsection 192(4) becomes effective, to be paid by the corporation the fair value of the shares in respect of which the shareholder dissents, determined as of the close of business on the day before the resolution was adopted or the order was made.

No partial dissent

(4) A dissenting shareholder may only claim under this section with respect to all the shares of a class held on behalf of any one beneficial owner and registered in the name of the dissenting shareholder.

Objection

(5) A dissenting shareholder shall send to the corporation, at or before any meeting of shareholders at which a resolution referred to in subsection (1) or (2) is to be voted on, a written objection to the resolution, unless the corporation did not give notice to the shareholder of the purpose of the meeting and of their right to dissent.

Notice of resolution

(6) The corporation shall, within ten days after the shareholders adopt the resolution, send to each shareholder who has filed the objection referred to in subsection (5) notice that the resolution has been adopted, but such notice is not required to be sent to any shareholder who voted for the resolution or who has withdrawn their objection.

Demand for payment

(7) A dissenting shareholder shall, within twenty days after receiving a notice under subsection (6) or, if the shareholder does not receive such notice, within twenty days after learning that the resolution has been adopted, send to the corporation a written notice containing

a) the shareholder's name and address;
b) the number and class of shares in respect of which the shareholder dissents; and
c) a demand for payment of the fair value of such shares.


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Share certificate

(8) A dissenting shareholder shall, within thirty days after sending a notice under subsection (7), send the certificates representing the shares in respect of which the shareholder dissents to the corporation or its transfer agent.

Forfeiture

(9) A dissenting shareholder who fails to comply with subsection (8) has no right to make a claim under this section.

Endorsing certificate

(10) A corporation or its transfer agent shall endorse on any share certificate received under subsection (8) a notice that the holder is a dissenting shareholder under this section and shall forthwith return the share certificates to the dissenting shareholder.

Suspension of rights

(11) On sending a notice under subsection (7), a dissenting shareholder ceases to have any rights as a shareholder other than to be paid the fair value of their shares as determined under this section except where
a) the shareholder withdraws that notice before the corporation makes an offer under subsection (12),
b) the corporation fails to make an offer in accordance with subsection (12) and the shareholder withdraws the notice, or
c) the directors revoke a resolution to amend the articles under subsection 173(2) or 174(5), terminate an amalgamation agreement under subsection 183(6) or an application for continuance under subsection 188(6), or abandon a sale, lease or exchange under subsection 189(9),

in which case the shareholder’s rights are reinstated as of the date the notice was sent.

Offer to pay

(12) A corporation shall, not later than seven days after the later of the day on which the action approved by the resolution is effective or the day the corporation received the notice referred to in subsection (7), send to each dissenting shareholder who has sent such notice
a) a written offer to pay for their shares in an amount considered by the directors of the corporation to be the fair value, accompanied by a statement showing how the fair value was determined; or
b) if subsection (26) applies, a notification that it is unable lawfully to pay dissenting shareholders for their shares.

Same terms

(13) Every offer made under subsection (12) for shares of the same class or series shall be on the same terms.

Payment

(14) Subject to subsection (26), a corporation shall pay for the shares of a dissenting shareholder within ten days after an offer made under subsection (12) has been accepted, but any such offer lapses if the corporation does not receive an acceptance thereof within thirty days after the offer has been made.

Corporation may apply to court

(15) Where a corporation fails to make an offer under subsection (12), or if a dissenting shareholder fails to accept an offer, the corporation may, within fifty days after the action approved by the resolution is effective or within such further period as a court may allow, apply to a court to fix a fair value for the shares of any dissenting shareholder.

Shareholder application to court

(16) If a corporation fails to apply to a court under subsection (15), a dissenting shareholder may apply to a court for the same purpose within a further period of twenty days or within such further period as a court may allow.


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Venue

(17) An application under subsection (15) or (16) shall be made to a court having jurisdiction in the place where the corporation has its registered office or in the province where the dissenting shareholder resides if the corporation carries on business in that province.

No security for costs

(18) A dissenting shareholder is not required to give security for costs in an application made under subsection (15) or (16).

Parties

(19) On an application to a court under subsection (15) or (16),

a) all dissenting shareholders whose shares have not been purchased by the corporation shall be joined as parties and are bound by the decision of the court; and
b) the corporation shall notify each affected dissenting shareholder of the date, place and consequences of the application and of their right to appear and be heard in person or by counsel.

Powers of court

(20) On an application to a court under subsection (15) or (16), the court may determine whether any other person is a dissenting shareholder who should be joined as a party, and the court shall then fix a fair value for the shares of all dissenting shareholders.

Appraisers

(21) A court may in its discretion appoint one or more appraisers to assist the court to fix a fair value for the shares of the dissenting shareholders.

Final order

(22) The final order of a court shall be rendered against the corporation in favour of each dissenting shareholder and for the amount of the shares as fixed by the court.

Interest

(23) A court may in its discretion allow a reasonable rate of interest on the amount payable to each dissenting shareholder from the date the action approved by the resolution is effective until the date of payment.

Notice that subsection (26) applies

(24) If subsection (26) applies, the corporation shall, within ten days after the pronouncement of an order under subsection (22), notify each dissenting shareholder that it is unable lawfully to pay dissenting shareholders for their shares.

Effect where subsection (26) applies

(25) If subsection (26) applies, a dissenting shareholder, by written notice delivered to the corporation within thirty days after receiving a notice under subsection (24), may

a) withdraw their notice of dissent, in which case the corporation is deemed to consent to the withdrawal and the shareholder is reinstated to their full rights as a shareholder; or
b) retain a status as a claimant against the corporation, to be paid as soon as the corporation is lawfully able to do so or, in a liquidation, to be ranked subordinate to the rights of creditors of the corporation but in priority to its shareholders.

Limitation

(26) A corporation shall not make a payment to a dissenting shareholder under this section if there are reasonable grounds for believing that

a) the corporation is or would after the payment be unable to pay its liabilities as they become due; or
b) the realizable value of the corporation's assets would thereby be less than the aggregate of its liabilities.