QUANTUM GRAPHITE LIMITED — Investor Presentation 2025

Dec 16, 2025

MEDIA RELEASE For Immediate Release 17 December 2025

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The Company and its joint venture partner, Sunlands Energy Co, were invited to deliver a presentation at the recent Singapore Scientific Conference. The conference showcases developing technologies in the area of science and sustainability. The presentation was delivered by company director, Michael Wyer, and is attached.

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In commemoration of
Singapore’s 60-year journey
SINGAPORE SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE
FORGING A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE THROUGH
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
8 - 11 Dec 2025 I Marina Bay Sands Expo and Convention Centre, Singapore
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FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT:

Company Secretary Quantum Graphite Limited E: info@qgraphite.com

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QGL is the owner of the Uley flake graphite mineral deposits located south-west of Port Lincoln, South Australia. The company’s Uley 2 project represents the next stage of development of the century old Uley mine, one of the largest high-grade natural flake deposits in the world. For further information, quantumgraphite.com

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Sunlands Energy Co. is the leading developer of thermal energy storage technology (TES Graphite Cells) designed to drive commercial, industrial and utility-scale steam turbine generators. The company’s TES Graphite Cells are capable of restoring baseload generation, delivering critical synchronous support to grid networks and eliminating the large-scale curtailment of renewables generation. For further information, www.sunlandsco.com

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The Singapore Scientific Conference 2025 offers a global platform to discuss the latest scientific advancements and foster collaborations to address pressing sustainability challenges in energy, environment, health, and manufacturing. For further information, singaporesciconf.org

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Sunlands Energy Co. TES Graphite Cells Scalable Long Duration Energy Storage

Singapore Scientific Conference December 2025

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Synopsis

• LONG DURATION ENERGY STORAGE (LDES) does not mean 2-hours storage and dispatch. It does not mean 4- hours. It means at least 10-hours storage and dispatch, and it also means you should be able to do that every day of the year.

• OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE: The single most critical feature of our technology is an operating temperature range that enables it to be paired with the leading, most efficient turbine technology available. This capability, typically reserved for large fossil fuel or nuclear-powered generation, underpins the potential to deliver dispatchable electricity to existing grids and sustain system inertia

• UNLIMITED CYCLES: Our technology can generate ultra-supercritical steam from intermittent power for 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Unlimited cycles and 60+ year life

• INERTIA: Our technology can restore baseload generation and critical inertia to grid networks. This means much of the existing generation and transmission infrastructure can be retained, substantially cutting the costs of decarbonisation.

• VARIABLE RENEWABLE ENERGY: Intermittent or asynchronous generation has created dysfunctional grid networks and pricing arbitrage opportunities especially storing energy during peak renewable production and releasing it during peak demand

• AI DATA CENTRES have come from left-field as a super-user of 24/7 power workloads that poses risks for any grid which is heavily reliant on variable renewable energy. Sunlands can provide 100MW dedicated power modules to large-scale data centre campuses

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Agenda

01 Who Are We?

02 What is a Thermal Battery?

03 How does a Sunlands TES Graphite Cell work?

04 Use cases

05 Commercialisation runway

Appendices

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06

1. Who Are We? A Technology and Critical Minerals Partnership

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Agenda

01 Who Are We?

02 What is a Thermal Battery?

03 How does a Sunlands TES Graphite Cell work?

04

Use cases

05 Commercialisation runway

Appendices

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06

2. What is a Thermal Battery? The Thermal Storage Media is Key

Let’s look at several of the “thermal batteries” which are in the market today and the storage media

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3. Antora Energy
(recycled carbon)
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1. Kraftblock

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2. Rondo Energy
(bricks)
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(steel slag)

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5. The Sunlands Energy Co.
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(graphite)
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1. Brenmiller Energy (crushed rocks)

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2. What is a Sunlands TES Graphite Cell?

A TES Graphite Cell is made up of a number of Internal Storage Modules (ISMs). These modules comprise of three major components:

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1. "Housing" component - high-end refractory material

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1. "Storage Media" component - the flake graphitebased media which sits inside the Housing

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1. “Electrodes” component – two solid isostatic graphite plates that sandwich the Housing and Storage Media

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Housing

Storage Media

Electrodes

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2. What is a Sunlands TES Graphite Cell?

ISMs are stacked and separated by electrodes.

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STACKED ARRAYS OF INTERNAL BATTERY MODULES

2. What is a Sunlands TES Graphite Cell?

• ISMs are essentially scalable thermo-electric circuits

• Arrays of ISMs are grouped as parallel circuits connected in series.

• To power this circuit, each TES Graphite Cell is connected to an external electricity source (e.g. a renewable source).

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2. What is a Sunlands TES Graphite Cell?

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The chamber encloses the stacks

Arrays of ISMs are contained in a refractory chamber

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A heat conductive fluid flows within the chamber and is the principal means for the transfer of heat to the thermal power plant

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Agenda

01

Who Are We?

02 What is a Thermal Battery?

03 How does a Sunlands TES Graphite Cell work?

04 Use cases

05 Commercialisation runway

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06 Appendices

3. How Does a Sunlands TES Graphite Cell work?

The Charging / Discharging Cycle

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Charging
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Discharging

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3. How Does a Sunlands TES Graphite Cell work? Retrofitting Optionality – Coal Plant

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3. How Does a Sunlands TES Graphite Cell work? Retrofitting Optionality – Gas Plant

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3. How Does a Sunlands TES Graphite Cell work?

Greenfields Installation

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Agenda

01

Who Are We?

02

What is a Thermal Battery?

03 How does a Sunlands TES Graphite Cell work?

04 Use cases

05 Commercialisation runway

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06 Appendices

4. Use Case – Retrofit coal power plant: 500MW

TESGraphite Cells can be deployed in stages and operate effectively as the transition solution to zero CO2 emissions.

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100% Coal 50% Coal
TES Graphite Cell In Transition 250MW TESGraphite Cell
2.30 million tonnes per annum 1.15million tonnes per annum
1.50million tonnes per annum CO2 0.75 million tonnes per annum CO22
TES Graphite Cell technology
can be deployed in transition
as coal is phased out
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0% Coal
AFTER Installation of 500MW TESGraphite Cell
0 million tonnes per annum
CO22 0 million tonnes per annum
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BEFORE Installation of TES Graphite Cell
2.30 million tonnes per annum
CO2 1.50million tonnes per annum
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CO2 emission calculationsare measured in kg/MWhr, i.e., kilograms of CO2 emitted per megawatt hour of electricity generation. Based on the IPCC’sEmissionFactor Database (2023), CO2 emissions from coal fired power stations range from approximately 290.52kg/MWhr (Bitumen) to 381.6kg/MWhr (Peat). For the purposes of this illustration a CO2 emissions factor of approximately 350kg/MWhr has been adopted.

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Scalable TESGraphite Cells
1,200MWh capacity
Conventional (Coal)
Thermal Power Plant
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4. Use Case: AI Data Centre 100MW

THE PROBLEM

• A 100MW data centre (US$1billion) demands a significant and reliable power supply on a 24/7 basis

• GPU-intensive workloads (NVIDIA chips) built for parallel processing in AI training consume 10x more power than conventional servers

• The high power density of AI hardware generates immense heat, making traditional air-cooling solutions inadequate.

• Cooling infrastructure must now match the intensity of the workloads it supports.

• Data centres urged to bring their own wind, solar and batteries so they don’t trip the grid

SUNLANDS THERMAL BATTERY SOLUTION

• 1 x 50MW Generation Unit, operating 24/7

• Powered by the grid during excess solar & wind periods

• Located underground to save space

• Allowance for +100% expansion in 5 years (2 x 50MW)

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02

Agenda

01

Who Are We?

What is a Thermal Battery?

03 How does a Sunlands TES Graphite Cell work?

04 Use cases

05 Commercialisation runway

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06 Appendices

5. Commercialisation runway

PILOT PLANT DEMONSTRATION PLANT DEPLOYMENT

• We have built a pilot plant and conducted detailed materials testing and thermal dynamics testing

• We are building a 5MWh Small Scale Plant in Australia (250kW @ 20 hours per day)

• In discussion with Singapore’s EPGC (Electrification and Power Grids Centre) to build a larger Mid Scale Plant at the EPGC test facility at Jurong, Singapore

Battery Stack Charging Simulation Model, SIT

• Singapore Institute of Technology (SIT) engaged to undertake Simulation Modelling to benchmark charge cycles and discharge cycles

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Maximum temperature of 2500°C, which is close to the expected range for graphite media

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Appendices

I. Market Overview – Retrofit

II. Peer Comparison – LDES III. 50+ Years Graphite Supply IV. Speaker Biography & Contact Details

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Appendix I: LDES market potential demand for flake graphite is massive

• Demand for retrofitting coal-fired power plants

• Eight EUcountries plan to phase out coal by 2030

• Each of these markets represent an even larger opportunity than Australia

• Australia has approximately 10GWgeneration capacity of coal-fired power plants

• Total generation capacity exceeds 400GW

• Australia thermal power plants burn more than 70 million tonnes of coal each year

• The aggregate coal consumed each year exceeds 300 million tonnes

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Appendix II: Peer Comparison

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Appendix III: Dedicated Supply of Graphite for > 50 years

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560000 565000
ML5561
ML5562
RL66
RL67
ULEY
EL6224
HOMESTEAD
SALT LAKE
CACEY
LEGEND
EMTarget
Primary EM Target
Secondary EM Target
Exploration Lease
FISHERY Retention Lease
Mining Lease
Conservationand National Parks
Lincoln (CP)
Lincoln (NP)
N
Sleaford Mere (CP)
0 1,250 2,500 5,000 Railway line
Meters GDA94; MGA53 Road
560000 565000
6150000 6150000
6145000 6145000
6140000 6140000
6135000 6135000
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• Miners, including Rio Tintodrilled the Eyre Peninsula from 1920’s – 1980’s

• Recent electromagnetic surveys by QGL have been completed in order to verify the old Rio Tintofindings

• The immediate mining sites (Uley 2 through to Uley 6) are denoted by the green ‘horse-shoe’ at the top of the map. The horse-shoe represents roughly only 10%of all of QGL’s potential graphite supply

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Appendix IV: Speaker Biography & Contact Details

• Michael Wyer has over a decade of board-level experience with listed companies and more than 30 years experience in global banking, global commodities, heavy industry, mining & trading industries.

• Current Positions Include:

• Director of ASX listed Quantum Graphite Limited

• Managing Director or Chimaera Capital Management (SG)

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Contact Details

• Email: mwyer@chimaerafinancial.com

• Mobile: +61-488-802-822

• Melbourne: 349 Collins St., Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia

• Singapore: 8 Marina View, #43-01 Asia Square

• Tower 1, Singapore 018960

www.chimaerafinancial.com

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Disclaimer

This presentation includes certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements. All statements in these presentation materials (other than statements of historical facts)which address future production, reserve potential, exploration activities and events or developments that the Company expects, are forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements may include, without limitation:

(i) estimates of future graphite prices, supply, demand and/or production; (ii) estimates of future cash costs; (iii) estimates of future capital expenditures; (iv) estimates regarding timing of future development, construction, production or closure activities; (v) statements regarding future exploration results; (vi) statements regarding cost structure, project economics, or competitive position, and; (vii) statements comparing the Company’s properties to other mines, projects or metals.

Although the Company believes that such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions,such statements are not guarantees of future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements include market prices, exploitation and exploration successes, continued availability of capital and financing, and general economic, market or business conditions. Investors are cautioned that any such statements are not guarantees of future performance, that the Company expressly disclaims any responsibility for revising or expanding the forward looking statements to reflect actual results or developments, and that actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected, in the forward looking statements.

This presentation does not constitute a recommendation regarding the securities of the Company, and should not be construed as legal or financial advice. It has been prepared for information purposes only and contains general summaryinformation and does not take into account the circumstances of any Individual investor. Prospective investors in the Company are encouraged to obtain separate and independent advice with regard to any investment in the Company. By accepting the presentation materials, the recipient agrees to keep permanently confidential the information contained herein.

The Company confirms that it is not aware of any new information or data that materially affects the information included in this announcement and that all material assumptions and technical parameters underpinning the estimates in this announcement continue to apply and have not materially changed.

Photographs, maps, charts, diagrams and schematic drawings appearing in this presentation are owned by and have been prepared by or commissioned by the Company, unless otherwise stated. Maps and diagrams used in the presentation are illustrative only and may not be drawn to scale. Unless otherwise stated, all data contained in charts, graphs and tables is based on information available at the date of this presentation. By accepting this presentation, the Recipient agrees to be bound by the foregoing statements.

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