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PRODIGY GOLD NL — Capital/Financing Update 2017
Feb 19, 2017
65615_rns_2017-02-19_a6485636-c467-4d65-a5a9-1b405914034a.pdf
Capital/Financing Update
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ASX ANNOUNCEMENT / MEDIA RELEASE
ASX:ABU
20 February 2017
SUPLEJACK: 53% INCREASE IN INDICATED AND INFERRED RESOURCES TO 309,900 OZ OF GOLD
ABM Resources NL (“ABM” or the “Company”) is pleased to announce an increased Mineral Resource estimate for the Suplejack Project
Highlights
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Suplejack Mineral Resource increases to 309,900 ounces, representing a 53% increase in ounces of gold
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JORC 2012 Code compliant Mineral Resource of 4.51 million tonnes at 2.1 g/t Au for 309,900 ounces of gold above a 0.8 g/t cut-off and within 180 metres of surface
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First declaration of Indicated Resource at Suplejack of 0.93 million tonnes at 2.34 g/t Au for 70,200 ounces of gold
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First Resources declared on the recently discovered Seuss Fault
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Resource now based 100% on reverse circulation and diamond drilling
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Grade estimation generated by independent specialists, Optiro Pty Ltd, under ABM’s guidance
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Drilling to recommence at Seuss as soon as the wet weather breaks
Managing Director Matt Briggs said “A high quality Resource estimate gives ABM confidence in the continued growth at Suplejack towards the company’s target for the project to be a standalone operation. I am excited to get the rigs back out to Seuss and the surrounding targets to continue growing the Resources at Suplejack. RC drilling will recommence at Suplejack as soon as the wet season breaks. Initial drilling will test strike extensions of Seuss and structures parallel to Hyperion-Tethys.”
Background
The Hyperion-Tethys Prospect is situated within the emerging camp-scale Suplejack Project on exploration license EL9250 (Figure 1). The area has historically received sporadic exploration with many prospective targets yet to be tested with bedrock drilling. Shallow drilling often ended in the depleted oxide zone testing the area ineffectively. Recent RC and diamond drilling in 2016 has delineated 4 shoots on the Hyperion-Tethys Structure over its 1.3km length and defined the first Resources at Seuss. As part of its focused exploration strategy ABM is growing Resources at Suplejack and progressing the discovery of new standalone projects.
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Resource update
The 2017 Resource declaration totals 4.51 million tonnes at 2.14 g/t for 309,900 ounces of gold. Resources are quoted above a 0.8g/t Au cut-off and above the 230mRL (160-180m vertically below surface) to limit the inventory reported to align with the future prospects of eventual economic open pit extraction.
Drilling completed during late 2016 led to the declaration of the first Resources at Seuss, Resource growth at Hyperion-Tethys and an updated geological interpretation on Hyperion South. Suplejack now has its first Indicated Resource of 0.93 million tonnes at 2.34 g/t for 70,200 ounces of gold. The statement also includes the first Resources declared on the recent Seuss discovery of 0.63 million tonnes at 2.85 g/t for 57,300 ounces of gold. Resource details of each structure and their classification are outlined in Table 1.
Suplejack Project - Mineral Resource Estimate - February 2017
| Area | Tonnes | Grade | Ounces | Tonnes | Grade | Ounces | Tonnes | Grade | Ounces |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Million t | Aug/t | Oz | Million t | Aug/t | Oz | Million t | Aug/t | Oz | |
| Indicated | Inferred | Total | |||||||
| Oxide | |||||||||
| Hyperion-Tethys | 0.04 | 1.70 | 2,300 | 0.21 | 3.01 | 20,500 | 0.25 | 2.79 | 22,800 |
| Seuss | 0.17 | 2.48 | 13,600 | 0.17 | 2.48 | 13,600 | |||
| Hyperion South | 0.03 | 1.19 | 1,300 | 0.03 | 1.19 | 1,300 | |||
| Total | 0.04 | 1.7 | 2,300 | 0.42 | 2.65 | 35,400 | 0.46 | 2.56 | 37,700 |
| Transitional | |||||||||
| Hyperion-Tethys | 0.30 | 1.69 | 16,400 | 0.78 | 2.16 | 54,200 | 1.08 | 2.03 | 70,600 |
| Seuss | 0.14 | 2.78 | 12,800 | 0.14 | 2.78 | 12,800 | |||
| Hyperion South | 0.09 | 1.31 | 3,800 | 0.09 | 1.31 | 3,800 | |||
| Total | 0.30 | 1.69 | 16,400 | 1.00 | 2.17 | 70,800 | 1.32 | 2.06 | 87,200 |
| Fresh | |||||||||
| Hyperion-Tethys | 0.59 | 2.72 | 51,600 | 1.59 | 1.69 | 86,100 | 2.18 | 1.97 | 137,600 |
| Seuss | 0.31 | 3.07 | 30,900 | 0.31 | 3.07 | 30,900 | |||
| Hyperion South | 0.25 | 2.07 | 16,400 | 0.25 | 2.07 | 16,400 | |||
| Total | 0.59 | 2.72 | 51,600 | 2.15 | 1.93 | 133,400 | 2.74 | 2.10 | 184,900 |
| Deposit Total | |||||||||
| Hyperion-Tethys | 0.93 | 2.34 | 70,200 | 2.58 | 1.94 | 160,800 | 3.51 | 2.04 | 231,000 |
| Seuss | 0.63 | 2.85 | 57,300 | 0.63 | 2.85 | 57,300 | |||
| Hyperion South | 0.37 | 1.80 | 21,500 | 0.37 | 1.80 | 21,500 | |||
| Total | 0.93 | 2.34 | 70,200 | 3.58 | 2.08 | 239,600 | 4.51 | 2.14 | 309,900 |
Table 1 – Suplejack Project Area reported above 0.8g/t cut-off and above the 230mRL. Resources may not sum to equal totals due to rounding
Data validation, geological interpretation and modelling were completed by ABM geologists. To ensure the highest standard of grade estimation, industry leading experts at Optiro Pty Ltd were commissioned to generate the grade estimate and Resource tabulation.
Resources added during the period exceed the difference between the 2017 and 2012 Resource models. The previous Resource declared in 2012 (ASX 12 April 2012) was interpreted using Leapfrog generated grade shells. The volumes predicted, in particular those based on single isolated drill holes at Hyperion and Hyperion South, were not supported by the drilling completed by ABM in 2016. The 2017 model honours the shoot controlled nature of mineralisation, the thicknesses intersected in drilling, and forms a robust platform to grow the deposit in the future.
Seuss is open in all directions (Figure 6b). A historic RAB hole drilled 600 metres to the north of the Seuss Resource intersected 3 metres at 0.55g/t gold from 24 metres. This is now interpreted to be the along
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strike continuation of the Seuss structure, providing encouragement that the structure continues to the North. Future drilling will confirm if this is Seuss or a structure analogous to Hyperion-Tethys.
Hyperion-Tethys is open along strike and at depth, although the structure is trending into areas of basalt cover. These extensions are a lower priority while ABM has shallower targets to test, such as those illustrated in Figures 1 and 2.
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Figure 1 – Southern Suplejack Project Area and structures being targeted in planned 2017 drilling
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Figure 2 – Hyperion-Tethys Prospect collar plan
Geology
Gold mineralisation at Suplejack has geological similarities to the nearby Groundrush Gold Deposit, which is located 19 kilometres to the south west of the Hyperion-Tethys Prospect. The mineralisation is principally hosted in structurally controlled quartz-carbonate-sulphide veins in shear zones hosted within dolerites and occasionally intruded by granitic dykes.
The mineralisation at the Hyperion and Tethys prospects and Hyperion South is associated with a structural break between regional North-South trending thrust faults. At the Hyperion Prospect, this is a shear zone hosted in differentiated dolerite, typically intruded by granitic dykes. These granitic intrusions are absent at Tethys. The shear zone generally trends at approximately 106 degrees (Figure 2) and dips towards the south at 60-80 degrees (Figure 3). The structure is typically between 4 to 13 metres thick with an average of approximately 6 metres true width.
Drilling has defined the Hyperion-Tethys mineralisation over a strike length of 1,300 metres. Mineralisation extends from surface to a depth of at least 250 metres below surface. In some areas mineralisation is leached in the upper parts of the system with mineralisation tenor increasing from 20 metres below surface.
Mineralisation is characterised by a visible shear texture, quartz veining, and pyrite. The shear is recognized by an increase of quartz veining and the intrusion of one or two parallel felsic dykes. Other identifiers are strong structural deformation in diamond core, and visible fabric development in RC chips, as well as typically elevated arsenic readings from handheld XRF data.
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Figure 3 – Hyperion Cross Section 613080 metres East
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Figure 4 -Tethys Cross Section 613430 metres East
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Observations from diamond core are correlated with RC logs to create a structural framework. Fault zones are modelled when they are continuous from hole to hole and section to section. This results in a consistent interpretation of the Hyperion-Tethys Fault, hangingwall structures, and less extensive footwall structures.
A similar, approximately parallel structure runs through the Hyperion South prospect, 300 metres to the South. Fine grained sediments are also encountered in addition to dolerites. The presence of sediments alternated with differentiated dolerite at the Hyperion South prospect results in a shorter strike extent of mineralisation at Hyperion South, and an en echelon style of vertically stacked zones of mineralisation (Figure 5).
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Figure 5 – Hyperion South: Vertically stacked mineralisation on section 613700 metres east
The Seuss structure is silica-sericite-pyrite altered dolerite with quartz-carbonate-pyrite veining and sulphide laminations. The structure strikes North-South and dips 65 degrees to the East. The mineralisation is typically 6-13 metres thick with an average of approximately 9 metres true width. Mineralisation is consistently identified in diamond drilling and extrapolated through ABM’s RC drilling where possible based on similar logged features.
Drilling
Drilling considered for the resource estimation work consists of a number of types and phases including
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RC and diamond drilling completed by Newmont up to 2006,
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RC and diamond drilling undertaken by ABM in 2010, 2011 and 2016, and
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Aircore drilling undertaken by ABM in 2015.
All RC drilling by ABM in 2010, 2011 and 2016 was 5 5/8” diameter. The 2016 diamond drilling was completed with 5 5/8” RC precollars with face sampling bits then extended with NQ3 diamond core. Core is oriented by Reflex Ace orientation tool.
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All ABM drill holes were surveyed every 30m with a Reflex EZ-Trac Single Shot Surveying camera with the exception of three holes at Hyperion South, where downhole surveying equipment was faulty.
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6a) 6b)
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Figure 6 – Seuss Breccia: a) Cross section 7836460 metres North and b) Longitudinal projection
Aircore and historic RAB drilling were used to guide the trend of mineralisation but did not directly influence volumes or grades estimated. Aircore and RAB drilling result in lower quality samples suitable for reconnaissance exploration and industry practice is to exclude these from grade estimation for Resource declaration when possible. Testing of the Resource model to the inclusion and exclusion of aircore drilling resulted in an immaterial change in the inventory estimated.
Sampling and drilling techniques
All RC samples were taken using a 12.5:1 Sandvik static cone splitter mounted under a rubber cyclone. Samples were split into 3 aliquots in 2010 and 2011, with one sample sent to the lab for assay, one stored and retained for QA/QC purposes, and one remaining at the drill site. The 2016 RC samples were split into two aliquots; one sent to the lab for assay and one remaining at the drill site. Sample size was monitored at the drill site by the responsible geologist to ensure adequate recovery.
Upon completion of orientating and geological logging, diamond core was cut lengthways, producing a nominal 2kg sample (minimum 0.3 metres, maximum 1.1 metres, generally 1 metre), with the remaining half core retained on site.
Assaying
All RC drill samples have been analysed for gold by ALS. All diamond core and pre-collar samples have been analysed for gold by Bureau Veritas. For low detection, ABM use a lead collection fire assay, read by ICP-AES, using a 40g sample charge (Bureau Veritas) or a 50g sample charge (ALS) with a lower detection limit of 0.001ppm Au and an upper limit of 1,000ppm Au. ABM routinely submits field duplicates,
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standards and blanks and additionally ALS and Bureau Veritas conducted internal lab checks using standards, blanks. All standards and blanks returned within acceptable limits, and field duplicates showed good correlation.
Estimation
Drilling data available as at 31 December 2016 was considered for Resource estimation. Statistical and geostatistical analysis was carried out by Optiro on the drill database validated by ABM. Only RC and diamond drilling was used in the estimation. Variography was completed on 1 m downhole composites to model the spatial continuity of the grades within mineralised domains. Estimation of gold was completed using ordinary kriging (OK) into 10 mN by 10mE by 5 mRL parent blocks. Top cuts of between 4 and 20 g/t gold were applied before estimation, based on a domain by domain evaluation. Up to three search passes were utilised; the first and second passes were set to the range of the domain variogram and used a minimum of 8 and 4 samples respectively. The final search pass was extended to five times that of the initial search in order to estimate all blocks. By volume, a total of 76% of the resource was estimated in the first and second search passes.
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Figure 7 – Long section illustrating the areas of Indicated and Inferred Resource and drill traces at Hyperion. All other areas reported are classified as Inferred Resource
Classification
The Mineral Resource was classified in accordance with JORC 2012, based on the confidence in geological continuity, drill hole spacing and geostatistical measures. The Resource classification was proposed by Optiro and reviewed by ABM geologists. Indicated Resources are classified where the maximum drill hole spacing is less than 50 m, combined with demonstrated continuity of thickness and gold grade within adjacent drill holes. Due to the consistency of the structure, alteration and veining throughout the deposit, all other mineralised areas drilled to a current spacing of 100 m or less have been classified as an Inferred Resource. This includes extrapolation to a maximum of half the section spacing beyond current drilling. (Figure 7). No Measured Resources have currently been defined.
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Mining method and cut-off grades
ABM believes the use of 0.8g/t gold as a reporting cut-off is appropriate for deposits which could potentially be eventually extracted through selective open pit mining. This reflects the current spot price of A$1600/ounce and potential future increases consistent with industry reporting practices. Resources have been quoted to a maximum depth of 180 metres below surface, the maximum likely depth of an open pit on this style of deposit. As the project is at an early stage no open pit optimisation or economic evaluation studies have been completed.
Comparison with the previous Resource estimate
ABM’s previous ASX Release related to the Suplejack Resource announced on 12 April 2012. The following tabulation represents key changes in the methods or parameters employed in the creation of the updated Resource model. The 2012 Resource was interpreted using Leapfrog generated grade shells. The volumes predicted, in particular those based on single isolated drill holes at Hyperion and Hyperion South, were not supported by the drilling completed by ABM in 2016.
| Area | 2012 Resource | 2017 Resource |
|---|---|---|
| Drilling methods | Aircore, RC and diamond drilling used |
Exclusively RC and diamond drilling |
| Geological domaining | Leapfrog grade shells visually compared to geological data |
Sectional interpretation and wireframing based on intervals selected considering structural textures, veining, alteration, and gold and arsenic assay values |
| Composite top cuts | 50g/t | Between 4 g/t and 20 g/t Au (based on domain) |
| Minimum samples required for estimation |
2 samples | 8 samples |
| Estimation Method | Inverse distance squared | Ordinary kriging |
| Specific Gravity (fresh) | 2.55-2.65 | 2.87 |
| Constraint applied to reflect potential eventual mining method |
Cut-off grade of 0.8 g/t | Cut-off grade of 0.8 g/t and reported above the 230mRL |
Table 2 – Differences between the 2012 and 2017 Resource Reports
Details of the changes between the 2012 and 2017 model are outlined in Appendix 2.
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Matt Briggs Managing Director
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About ABM Resources
ABM is an established gold exploration company with a successful track record of discovery in one of Australia’s premier gold mining districts. The Company owns gold resources and extensive prospective land holdings in the Central Desert region of the Northern Territory. The new Company leadership is implementing a strategy of aggressive cost management initiatives and is developing a disciplined, tightly focused exploration strategy. Activities are currently focused on the Company’s under-explored 36,000 km[2] Tanami Project area and includes:
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Drilling of advanced prospects in the Suplejack Project
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Systematic evaluation of high potential early stage targets
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Assessment of existing resources and
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Exploring opportunities for joint ventures and divestment of early stage targets
Competent Persons Statement
The information in this announcement and Appendix that relate to data and geological modelling included in Mineral Resource estimates is based on information reviewed by Mr Alwin van Roij who is a Member of The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. Mr van Roij is a full time employee of ABM Resources NL and has sufficient experience which is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity which they are undertaking to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 edition of the “Australasian Code for Reporting Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves”. Mr van Roij consents to the inclusion in the documents of the matters based on this information in the form and context in which it appears.
The information in this announcement and Appendix that relates to grade estimation and Mineral Resource estimates is based on information reviewed by Mr Ian Glacken, who is a Fellow of The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. Mr Glacken is a full time employee of Optiro Pty Ltd and has sufficient experience which is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity which he is undertaking to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 edition of the “Australasian Code for Reporting Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves”. Mr Glacken consents to the inclusion in the documents of the matters based on this information in the form and context in which it appears.
This release may include aspirational targets. These targets are based on management’s expectations and beliefs concerning future events as of the time of the release of this document. Targets are necessarily subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are outside the control of ABM Resources NL, that could cause actual results to differ materially from such statements. ABM Resources NL makes no undertaking to subsequently update or revise the forward-looking statements made in this release to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this release.
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Appendix 1: 2017 Mineral Resource Statement for Suplejack
Suplejack Project - Mineral Resource Estimate - February 2017
| Area | Tonnes | Grade | Ounces | Tonnes | Grade | Ounces | Tonnes | Grade | Ounces |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Million t | Aug/t | Oz | Million t | Aug/t | Oz | Million t | Aug/t | Oz | |
| Indicated | Inferred | Total | |||||||
| Oxide | |||||||||
| Hyperion-Tethys | 0.04 | 1.70 | 2,300 | 0.21 | 3.01 | 20,500 | 0.25 | 2.79 | 22,800 |
| Seuss | 0.17 | 2.48 | 13,600 | 0.17 | 2.48 | 13,600 | |||
| Hyperion South | 0.03 | 1.19 | 1,300 | 0.03 | 1.19 | 1,300 | |||
| Total | 0.04 | 1.7 | 2,300 | 0.42 | 2.65 | 35,400 | 0.46 | 2.56 | 37,700 |
| Transitional | |||||||||
| Hyperion-Tethys | 0.30 | 1.69 | 16,400 | 0.78 | 2.16 | 54,200 | 1.08 | 2.03 | 70,600 |
| Seuss | 0.14 | 2.78 | 12,800 | 0.14 | 2.78 | 12,800 | |||
| Hyperion South | 0.09 | 1.31 | 3,800 | 0.09 | 1.31 | 3,800 | |||
| Total | 0.30 | 1.69 | 16,400 | 1.00 | 2.17 | 70,800 | 1.32 | 2.06 | 87,200 |
| Fresh | |||||||||
| Hyperion-Tethys | 0.59 | 2.72 | 51,600 | 1.59 | 1.69 | 86,100 | 2.18 | 1.97 | 137,600 |
| Seuss | 0.31 | 3.07 | 30,900 | 0.31 | 3.07 | 30,900 | |||
| Hyperion South | 0.25 | 2.07 | 16,400 | 0.25 | 2.07 | 16,400 | |||
| Total | 0.59 | 2.72 | 51,600 | 2.15 | 1.93 | 133,400 | 2.74 | 2.10 | 184,900 |
| Deposit Total | |||||||||
| Hyperion-Tethys | 0.93 | 2.34 | 70,200 | 2.58 | 1.94 | 160,800 | 3.51 | 2.04 | 231,000 |
| Seuss | 0.63 | 2.85 | 57,300 | 0.63 | 2.85 | 57,300 | |||
| Hyperion South | 0.37 | 1.80 | 21,500 | 0.37 | 1.80 | 21,500 | |||
| Total | 0.93 | 2.34 | 70,200 | 3.58 | 2.08 | 239,600 | 4.51 | 2.14 | 309,900 |
Table 1 – Suplejack Project Area reported above 0.8g/t cut-off and above the 230mRL. Resources may not sum to equal totals due to rounding
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Appendix 2: Resource Comparison Table
| Suplejack Project - Mineral Resource Estimate | Suplejack Project - Mineral Resource Estimate | Suplejack Project - Mineral Resource Estimate | Suplejack Project - Mineral Resource Estimate | Suplejack Project - Mineral Resource Estimate | Suplejack Project - Mineral Resource Estimate | 2017-2012 Comparison | 2017-2012 Comparison | 2017-2012 Comparison | 2017-2012 Comparison | 2017-2012 Comparison | 2017-2012 Comparison | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| February 2017 | 2012 | Change in Total Resource | |||||||||||||
| Tonnes | Grade | Ounces | Tonnes | Grade | Ounces | Tonnes | Grade | Ounces | Tonnes | Grade | Ounces | Tonnes | Grade | Ounces | |
| Deposit | Mt | **Aug/t ** | Oz | Mt | **Aug/t ** | Oz | Mt | **Aug/t ** | Oz | Mt | **Aug/t ** | Oz | % | % | % |
| Indicated | Inferred | Total | Inferred | Indicated and Inferred | |||||||||||
| Hyperion-Tethys Seuss Hyperion South Total |
0.93 2.34 70,200 0.93 2.34 70,200 |
2.58 1.94 160,800 0.63 2.85 57,300 0.37 1.80 21,500 3.58 2.08 239,600 |
3.51 2.04 231,000 0.63 2.85 57,300 0.37 1.80 21,500 4.51 2.14 309,900 |
2.209 2.06 146,600 0.768 2.25 55,500 2.977 2.11 202,200 |
59% -1% 58% -52% -20% -61% 52% 1% 53% |
Mt = million tonnes; Both Mineral Resources are reported above a 0.8g/t cut-off. Totals may vary due to rounding.
Appendix 3: Previous and Relevant Suplejack ASX Announcements
| Date of Announcement | Announcement Title | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| 7/12/2016 | Exploration Update – Suplejack DrillingResults | Exploration Results |
| 11/10/2016 | ABM StrategyUpdate and Suplejack Diamond DrillingUnderway | Exploration Results |
| 25/08/2016 | Exploration Update – Suplejack and Lake Mackay | Exploration Results |
| 27/07/2016 | Exploration Update – Suplejack and Lake Mackay | Exploration Results |
| 26/08/2015 | New Discoveryat Hyperion East | Exploration Results |
| 16/04/2012 | 3.3 Million Ounces Gold in Resources | Previous Resource Report |
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Appendix 4 SUPLEJACK JORC TABLE 1 DECLARATION
JORC Code, 2012 Edition
Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data
(Criteria in this section apply to all succeeding sections.)
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sampling | • | Nature and quality of sampling (eg | • | Reverse Circulation (RC) drilling techniques are used to obtain |
| techniques | cut channels, random chips, or | 1m samples when mineralisation is anticipated. Pre-collars for | ||
| specific specialised industry standard | diamond tails are speared into 3m composites and do not fall | |||
| measurement tools appropriate to | within the grade wireframes. Aircore drilling samples were | |||
| the minerals under investigation, such | speared into 1m or 3m composites depending on whether | |||
| as down hole gamma sondes, or | mineralisation was expected. | |||
| handheld XRF instruments, etc). These | • |
Diamond core at NQ3 diameter was collected through | ||
| examples should not be taken as | interpreted target zones. | |||
| limiting the broad meaning of | • | RC samples were split into calico bags using a cone splitter at | ||
| sampling. | 1m intervals to produce nominal 2.5kg samples. The 2.5kg | |||
| • | Include reference to measures taken | samples were pulverised by the lab to produce a 40g or 50g | ||
| to ensure sample representivity and | charge for fire assay, with the remainder left on site for | |||
| the appropriate calibration of any | logging purposes by ABM geologists. | |||
| measurement tools or systems used. | • | The RC cyclone was cleaned out at 6m intervals and | ||
| • | Aspects of the determination of | thoroughly at the end of each hole to ensure appropriate | ||
| mineralisation that are Material to | sample representivity. | |||
| the Public Report. | • | Upon completion of orientating and geological logging; | ||
| • | In cases where ‘industry standard’ | diamond core was cut lengthways, producing a nominal 2kg | ||
| work has been done this would be | sample, with the remaining half retained on site. | |||
| relatively simple (eg ‘reverse | • | Speared RC-precollar and Aircore samples produced a | ||
| circulation drilling was used to obtain | nominal 2.5kg sample with remaining sample piles retained | |||
| 1 m samples from which 3 kg was | on site. | |||
| pulverised to produce a 30 g charge | • | Speared samples are not used in resource estimation. | ||
| for fire assay’). In other cases more | • | Samples were pulverised by the lab to produce a 40g or 50g | ||
| explanation may be required, such as | charge for fire assay. | |||
| where there is coarse gold that has | • | Bag sequence is checked regularly by field staff and | ||
| inherent sampling problems. Unusual | supervising geologists. | |||
| commodities or mineralisation types | ||||
| (eg submarine nodules) may warrant | ||||
| disclosure of detailed information. | ||||
| Drilling | • | Drill type (eg core, reverse circulation, | • |
RC drilling was undertaken with a Schramm 685. This rig has |
| techniques | open-hole hammer, rotary air blast, | a depth capability of approximately 600m, using a 1000psi, | ||
| auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and details | 1350cfm Sullair compressor and auxiliary booster. Holes were | |||
| (eg core diameter, triple or standard | drilled with 5 5/8” diameter bit. | |||
| tube, depth of diamond tails, face- | • | Historic drilling was RAB, RC, or diamond. Specifics of drilling | ||
| sampling bit or other type, whether | techniques are unknown, except diamond drilling was NQ. | |||
| core is oriented and if so, by what | • | ABM diamond drilling, including pre-collar was undertaken | ||
| method, etc). | with a Sandvik DE840. This rig has a depth capability of | |||
| approximately 500m (RC) or 2,000m (NQ3), using a 500psi, | ||||
| 900cfm Sullair compressor and auxiliary booster. RC precollars | ||||
| were drilled with 5 5/8” diameter bit and diamond core with | ||||
| NQ3. | ||||
| • | Core is oriented by Reflex Ace orientation tool. Core runs are | |||
| reduced in broken ground to increase the number orientation | ||||
| marks. | ||||
| • | Aircore holes were drilled with a Schramm drill rig that has a | |||
| depth capacity (in favourable conditions) of 120 metres, using | ||||
| 250psi, 740cfm air capacity. | ||||
| • | Aircore hole diameters vary, depending on the bit used. The |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aircore blade bit has a diameter of 90mm. In addition to the | ||||
| aircore blade, two percussion hammers have been used, in | ||||
| areas where the blade bit is unable to penetrate; a Sandvik | ||||
| RE35 hammer with an 89.5mm diameter bit and a Sandvik | ||||
| RE540 hammer with a 111mm diameter bit. Both hammers | ||||
| allow the use of through-the-bit sampling. | ||||
| Drill sample | • | Method of recording and assessing | • | All ABM RC samples were taken using a 12.5:1 Sandvik static |
| recovery | core and chip sample recoveries and | cone splitter mounted under a polyurethane cyclone. Samples | ||
| results assessed. | were split into calico bags and sent to the lab for assay; the | |||
| • | Measures taken to maximise sample | remainder sample material remaining on site. Size of the | ||
| recovery and ensure representative | sample was monitored at the drill site by the responsible | |||
| nature of the samples. | geologist to ensure adequate recovery. No relationship | |||
| • | Whether a relationship exists | between sample recovery and grade is apparent. | ||
| between sample recovery and grade | • | With good recoveries sample bias is unlikely due to | ||
| and whether sample bias may have | preferential loss/gain of fine/coarse material occurring. | |||
| occurred due to preferential loss/gain | • | Core recoveries were good, with only minor intervals missing | ||
| of fine/coarse material. | due to core loss in broken ground. | |||
| • | Aircore drill cuttings were collected from the rig mounted | |||
| cyclone and placed on the ground for further sampling. Size of | ||||
| the sample was monitored at the drill site by the responsible | ||||
| geologist to ensure adequate recovery. No relationship | ||||
| between sample recovery and grade is apparent. | ||||
| • | Speared samples from Aircore and RC pre-collars are not | |||
| included in resource estimation | ||||
| Logging | • | Whether core and chip samples have | • | ABM drilling samples were geologically logged at the drill rig |
| been geologically and geotechnically | or in the core yard by a geologist using a laptop with Maxwell | |||
| logged to a level of detail to support | Logchief data capture system. Data on lithology, weathering, | |||
| appropriate Mineral Resource | alteration, magnetic susceptibility, ore mineral content and | |||
| estimation, mining studies and | style of mineralisation, and quartz content and style of quartz | |||
| metallurgical studies. | were collected. | |||
| • | Whether logging is qualitative or | • | Diamond core is also logged for structure, geotech and | |
| quantitative in nature. Core (or | specific gravity | |||
| costean, channel, etc) photography. | • | Data on lithology, weathering, alteration, ore mineral content | ||
| • | The total length and percentage of | and style, style of mineralisation and quartz content has also | ||
| the relevant intersections logged. | been captured for historic drill holes. | |||
| • | Logging is both qualitative and quantitative. Lithological | |||
| factors, such as the degree of weathering and strength of | ||||
| alteration are logged in a qualitative fashion. The presence of | ||||
| quartz veining, specific gravity, and minerals of economic | ||||
| importance are logged in a quantitative manner. | ||||
| Sub-sampling | • |
If core, whether cut or sawn and | • | RC samples were split with a 12.5:1 Sandvik static cone splitter |
| techniques | whether quarter, half or all core | mounted under a polyurethane cyclone. Pre-collar samples | ||
| and sample | taken. | were speared as 3m composites using a PVC tube. One pre- | ||
| preparation | • | If non-core, whether riffled, tube | collar was speared as 1m intervals in an area of possible | |
| sampled, rotary split, etc and whether | mineralisation. | |||
| sampled wet or dry. | • | All intervals were sampled dry. | ||
| • | For all sample types, the nature, | • | Diamond core was cut by Almonte core saw. Half core was | |
| quality and appropriateness of the | taken for analysis, and the remaining half retained on site. | |||
| sample preparation technique. | • | Aircore samples have been recovered using the ‘hand | ||
| • | Quality control procedures adopted | spearing’ technique. Drill spoils are collected from the drill rig | ||
| for all sub-sampling stages to | by the drill offsider, and are placed on the ground. ABM staff | |||
| maximise representivity of samples. | use a ‘spear’; a length of 50mm (diameter) PVC pipe to cut | |||
| • | Measures taken to ensure that the | through the drill spoil, collecting a representative sample by | ||
| sampling is representative of the in | cutting through the drill spoil several times, in varied |
14
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| situ material collected, including for | orientations and locations through the spoil. | |||
| instance results for field | • | RC and Aircore field duplicates were taken every 50 samples. | ||
| duplicate/second-half sampling. | RC, Aircore and diamond samples have a blank or standard | |||
| • | Whether sample sizes are appropriate | inserted every 50 samples. Blank material was sourced from a | ||
| to the grain size of the material being | quarry in Alice Springs – this material matches that previously | |||
| sampled. | used as a flush material by ALS in Alice Springs. Three certified | |||
| standards acquired from GeoStats Pty. Ltd., with different | ||||
| gold grade and lithology, were also used. | ||||
| • | Upon receipt by the laboratory samples were logged, | |||
| weighed, and dried if wet. Samples were then crushed to 2mm | ||||
| (70% pass), then split using a riffle splitter, with 250g crushed | ||||
| to 75 µm (85% pass). 40g or 50g charges were then fire | ||||
| assayed. | ||||
| Quality of | • | The nature, quality and | • | All RC and Aircore drill samples have been analysed for gold |
| assay data | appropriateness of the assaying and | by ALS. All diamond core and pre-collar samples have been | ||
| and | laboratory procedures used and | analysed for gold by Bureau Veritas. | ||
| laboratory | whether the technique is considered | • | For low detection, ABM use a lead collection fire assay, read | |
| tests | partial or total. | by ICP-AES, which is an inductively coupled plasma atomic | ||
| • | For geophysical tools, spectrometers, | emission spectroscopy technique, using a 40g sample charge | ||
| handheld XRF instruments, etc, the | (Bureau Veritas) or a 50g sample charge (ALS) with a lower | |||
| parameters used in determining the | detection limit of 0.001ppm Au and an upper limit of | |||
| analysis including instrument make | 1,000ppm Au. | |||
| and model, reading times, | • | In addition to standards and blanks previously discussed, ALS | ||
| calibrations factors applied and their | and Bureau Veritas conducted internal lab checks using | |||
| derivation, etc. | standards, blanks. Standards and blanks returned within | |||
| • | Nature of quality control procedures | acceptable limits, and field duplicates showed good | ||
| adopted (eg standards, blanks, | correlation. | |||
| duplicates, external laboratory | ||||
| checks) and whether acceptable levels | ||||
| of accuracy (ie lack of bias) and | ||||
| precision have been established. | ||||
| Verification | • | The verification of significant | • | Significant intersections were calculated independently by the |
| of sampling | intersections by either independent or | database administrator and senior exploration geologist. | ||
| and assaying | alternative company personnel. | • | The drilling being reported is exploratory in nature. As such, | |
| • | The use of twinned holes. | none of the holes have been twinned in the current program. | ||
| • | Documentation of primary data, data | Where results warrant, follow-up drilling will be completed. | ||
| entry procedures, data verification, | • | For drilling data, ABM uses the Maxwell Data Schema (MDS) | ||
| data storage (physical and electronic) | version 4.5.1. The interface to the MDS used is DataShed | |||
| protocols. | version 4.5 and SQL 2008 R2 (the MDS is compatible with SQL | |||
| • | Discuss any adjustment to assay data. | 2008-2012 – most recent industry versions used). This | ||
| interface integrates with LogChief and QAQCReporter 2.2, as | ||||
| the primary choice of data capture and assay quality control | ||||
| software. DataShed is a system that captures data and | ||||
| metadata from various sources, storing the information to | ||||
| preserve the value of the data and increasing the value | ||||
| through integration with GIS systems. Security is set through | ||||
| both SQL and the DataShed configuration software. ABM has | ||||
| a full time Database Administrator and an external contractor | ||||
| with expertise in programming and SQL database |
||||
| administration. Access to the database by the geoscience staff | ||||
| is controlled through security groups where they can export | ||||
| and import data with the interface providing full audit trails. | ||||
| Assay data is provided in MaxGEO format from the | ||||
| laboratories and imported by the Database Administrator. |
15
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The database assay management system records all | ||||
| metadata within the MDS and this interface provides full audit | ||||
| trails to meet industry best practice. | ||||
| Location of | • | Accuracy and quality of surveys used | • | Hole collars were laid out with Handheld GPS, providing |
| data points | to locate drill holes (collar and down- | accuracy of ± 3m. Drilled hole locations vary from ‘design’ by | ||
| hole surveys), trenches, mine | as much as 5m (locally) due to constraints on access clearing. | |||
| workings and other locations used in | This degree of variation is deemed acceptable for exploration | |||
| Mineral Resource estimation. | drilling. | |||
| • | Specification of the grid system used. | • | Final hole locations will be determined at the completion of | |
| • | Quality and adequacy of topographic | the program. Collar locations were collected with a handheld | ||
| control. | GPS using waypoint averaging for greater accuracy than | |||
| conventional GPS points. | ||||
| • | The projection used is GDA94, using MGA coordinates in Zone | |||
| 52. | ||||
| • | Down hole surveys that recorded dip and azimuth have been | |||
| completed in all drill holes using a Reflex EZ-Trac single-shot | ||||
| camera tool. Surveys are taken every 30m and at the end of | ||||
| hole position. | ||||
| Data spacing | • | Data spacing for reporting of | • | Existing drilling spacing is predominantly at 25 - 50m spaced |
| and | Exploration Results. | lines with 20 – 40m spaced holes. Diamond drill holes were | ||
| distribution | • | Whether the data spacing and | designed to extend down dip or down plunge by 40 – 80m | |
| distribution is sufficient to establish | distances. | |||
| the degree of geological and grade | • | Sample spacing is sufficient to provide geological and grade | ||
| continuity appropriate for the Mineral | continuity. | |||
| Resource and Ore Reserve estimation | • | No sample compositing was applied – with the exception of | ||
| procedure(s) and classifications | RC pre-collars not designed to intersect mineralisation. No 3m | |||
| applied. | composite pre-collar samples fall within grade wireframes. No | |||
| • | Whether sample compositing has | compositing has been applied to mineralised intersections. | ||
| been applied. | ||||
| Orientation | • | Whether the orientation of sampling | • | Hyperion, Tethys and Hyperion South are hosted in a shear |
| of data in | achieves unbiased sampling of | zone with strong adjacent alteration. The structural zone and | ||
| relation to | possible structures and the extent to | associated mineralisation trends ESE – WNW and dips to the | ||
| geological | which this is known, considering the | south at ~75º. The drilling intersection to the north therefore | ||
| structure | deposit type. | eliminates potential bias and intersects mineralisation at | ||
| • | If the relationship between the drilling | across the zone and not down the zone. | ||
| orientation and the orientation of key | • | The Seuss structure trends roughly N-S and dips to the east at | ||
| mineralised structures is considered | ~75º. Drilling to the west therefore eliminates potential bias | |||
| to have introduced a sampling bias, | and intersects mineralisation at roughly true widths. The | |||
| this should be assessed and reported | initial ‘discovery drill line’ on Seuss comprises 5 RC holes | |||
| if material. | drilled to the north and therefore do not intersect | |||
| mineralisation at an optimal angle. | ||||
| • | RC holes previously reported (ASX 26 Jul 2016) now | |||
| reinterpreted to be the Suess structure are re-reported (ASX | ||||
| 02 Dec 2016) as true width intersections. | ||||
| Sample | • | The measures taken to ensure sample | • |
Samples were transported daily by ABM personnel from the |
| security | security. | drill locations to the Central Tanami mine site, where twice | ||
| weekly they were loaded onto a courier truck, and taken to | ||||
| the secure preparation facility in Adelaide, via Alice Springs. | ||||
| The preparation facilities use the laboratory’s standard chain | ||||
| of custody procedure. | ||||
| Audits or | • | The results of any audits or reviews of | • |
ABM has conducted several lab visits to the Perth laboratory |
| reviews | sampling techniques and data. | facilities and found no faults. | ||
| • | QA/QC review of laboratory results is ongoing as results are | |||
| finalized with no standards or blanks performing poorly to |
16
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| date. ABM has also conducted annual reviews at the end of | ||
| every calendar year, and found no significant statistical | ||
| outliers. |
Section 2 Reporting of Exploration Results
(Criteria listed in the preceding section also apply to this section.)
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mineral | • | Type, reference name/number, | • | Suplejack prospects are located on EL 9250 in the Northern |
| tenement | location and ownership including | Territory. The tenement is wholly owned by ABM, and subject | ||
| and land | agreements or material issues with | to the ‘Granites’ agreement between ABM and the Traditional | ||
| tenure status | third parties such as joint ventures, | Owners via Central Land Council (CLC). The Exploration Lease | ||
| partnerships, overriding royalties, | transferred to ABM in December 2009. | |||
| native title interests, historical sites, | ||||
| wilderness or national park and | ||||
| environmental settings. | ||||
| • | The security of the tenure held at the | |||
| time of reporting along with any | ||||
| known impediments to obtaining a | ||||
| licence to operate in the area. | ||||
| Exploration | • | Acknowledgment and appraisal of | • | The target area was first recognised in this district by surface |
| done by | exploration by other parties. | geochemistry and shallow lines of RAB drilling in the late | ||
| other parties | 1990s by Otter Gold NL. North Flinders, Normandy NFM and | |||
| Newmont Asia Pacific subsequently all conducted exploratory | ||||
| work on the project with the last recorded drilling (prior to | ||||
| ABM) completed in 2005. Previous exploration work provided | ||||
| the foundation on which ABM based its exploration strategy. | ||||
| Geology | • | Deposit type, geological setting and | • | Geology at Suplejack consists of a mafic stratigraphic package |
| style of mineralisation. | and occasional steeply dipping sedimentary rocks (sandstone | |||
| and shale); in places intruded by granite dykes. | ||||
| • | Mineralisation is disseminated and coarse gold within a shear | |||
| zone in the proximity of a larger granite intrusion into a | ||||
| sequence of N-S trending mafic units. | ||||
| Drill hole | • | A summary of all information | • | Summaries of all material drill holes are available within the |
| Information | material to the understanding of the | Company’s ASX releases. | ||
| exploration results including a | ||||
| tabulation of the following | ||||
| information for all Material drill | ||||
| holes: | ||||
o easting and northing of the drill |
||||
| hole collar | ||||
o elevation or RL (Reduced Level – |
||||
| elevation above sea level in | ||||
| metres) of the drill hole collar | ||||
o dip and azimuth of the hole |
||||
o down hole length and |
||||
| interception depth | ||||
o hole length. |
||||
| • | If the exclusion of this information is | |||
| justified on the basis that the | ||||
| information is not Material and this | ||||
| exclusion does not detract from the | ||||
| understanding of the report, the |
17
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Competent Person should clearly | ||||
| explain why this is the case. | ||||
| Data | • | In reporting Exploration Results, | • | Grade averages calculated on diamond core sampled at |
| aggregation | weighting averaging techniques, | varying intervals are weighted by the sample length. | ||
| methods | maximum and/or minimum grade | • | ABM does not use grade truncations for reporting of | |
| truncations (eg cutting of high | exploration results. | |||
| grades) and cut-off grades are usually | • |
ABM reports significant intercept values at 0.5g/t Au. The | ||
| Material and should be stated. | 0.5g/t Au is an average of all continuous values which | |||
| • | Where aggregate intercepts | collectively average greater than 0.5g/t Au, with no more | ||
| incorporate short lengths of high | than 3 continuous metres below this cut-off. | |||
| grade results and longer lengths of | • | The initial ‘discovery drill line’ on Seuss comprises 5 RC holes | ||
| low grade results, the procedure used | drilled to the north and therefore do not intersect | |||
| for such aggregation should be stated | mineralisation at an optimal angle. | |||
| and some typical examples of such | • | These RC holes previously reported (ASX 26 Jul 2016) now | ||
| aggregations should be shown in | reinterpreted to be the Suess structure are re-reported (ASX | |||
| detail. | 02 Dec 2016) as true width intersections. | |||
| • | The assumptions used for any | |||
| reporting of metal equivalent values | ||||
| should be clearly stated. | ||||
| Relationship | • | These relationships are particularly | • | Host lithologies and mineralisation are most commonly |
| between | important in the reporting of | steeply dipping (between 60 and 80 degrees). Drill holes are | ||
| mineralisatio | Exploration Results. | angled so as to drill as close to perpendicular to mineralisation | ||
| n widths and | • | If the geometry of the mineralisation | as possible. | |
| intercept | with respect to the drill hole angle is | • | Intercepts reported are down hole length, which is considered | |
| lengths | known, its nature should be reported. | equivalent to the true width of mineralisation. Any previous | ||
| • | If it is not known and only the down | drilling intersecting mineralisation at less optimal angles are | ||
| hole lengths are reported, there | re-calculated and reported as true widths (ASX 02 Dec 2016). | |||
| should be a clear statement to this | ||||
| effect (eg ‘down hole length, true | ||||
| width not known’). | ||||
| Diagrams | • | Appropriate maps and sections (with | • | Maps and tables are located within the report or associated |
| scales) and tabulations of intercepts | appendices, and released with all exploration results. | |||
| should be included for any significant | ||||
| discovery being reported These should | ||||
| include, but not be limited to a plan | ||||
| view of drill hole collar locations and | ||||
| appropriate sectional views. | ||||
| Balanced | • | Where comprehensive reporting of all | • |
The Company reports all assays as they are finalised by the |
| reporting | Exploration Results is not practicable, | laboratory and compiled into geological context. | ||
| representative reporting of both low | ||||
| and high grades and/or widths should | ||||
| be practiced to avoid misleading | ||||
| reporting of Exploration Results. | ||||
| Other | • | Other exploration data, if meaningful | • | The Company reports all other relevant exploration results. |
| substantive | and material, should be reported | |||
| exploration | including (but not limited to): | |||
| data | geological observations; geophysical | |||
| survey results; geochemical survey | ||||
| results; bulk samples – size and | ||||
| method of treatment; metallurgical | ||||
| test results; bulk density, | ||||
| groundwater, geotechnical and rock | ||||
| characteristics; potential deleterious | ||||
| or contaminating substances. |
18
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Further work | • | The nature and scale of planned | • | The consistency, grade, and shallow depth of the intersections |
| further work (eg tests for lateral | at Seuss to date warrants further drilling to extend the | |||
| extensions or depth extensions or | structure along strike to the north and south in the 2017 | |||
| large-scale step-out drilling). | drilling season. | |||
| • | Diagrams clearly highlighting the | • | Seuss drilling, extensional drilling at Hyperion, Tethys and | |
| areas of possible extensions, including | Hyperion South, and drill testing of additional target | |||
| the main geological interpretations | structures will be designed upon completion of the 3D | |||
| and future drilling areas, provided | geological interpretation | |||
| this information is not commercially | ||||
| sensitive. |
Section 3 Estimation and Reporting of Mineral Resources
(Criteria listed in section 1, and where relevant in section 2, also apply to this section.)
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Database | • | Measures taken to ensure that data | • | ABM uses the Maxwell Data Schema (MDS) version 4.5.1. The |
| integrity | has not been corrupted by, for | interface to the MDS used is DataShed version 4.5 and SQL | ||
| example, transcription or keying | 2008 R2 (the MDS is compatible with SQL 2008-2012). This | |||
| errors, between its initial collection | interface integrates with LogChief and QAQCReporter 2.2, as | |||
| and its use for Mineral Resource | the primary choice of data capture and assay quality control | |||
| estimation purposes. | software. DataShed is a system that captures data and | |||
| • | Data validation procedures used. | metadata from various sources, storing the information to | ||
| preserve the value of the data and increasing the value | ||||
| through integration with GIS systems. Security is set through | ||||
| both SQL and the DataShed configuration software. | ||||
| • | ABM has a full time Database Administrator and external | |||
| contractors with expertise in programming and SQL database | ||||
| administration. Access to the database by the geoscience | ||||
| staff is controlled through security groups where they can | ||||
| export and import data with the interface providing full audit | ||||
| trails. | ||||
| • | Assay data is provided in MaxGEO format from the | |||
| laboratories and imported by the Database Administrator. | ||||
| The database assay management system records all | ||||
| metadata within the MDS and this interface provides full | ||||
| audit trails to meet industry best practice. | ||||
| • | Drilling and surface sampling data is collected and recorded | |||
| by geologists in the field using Toughbook computers with | ||||
| Maxwells Logchief data entry software. Logchief includes full | ||||
| sets of data validation rules and library codes as part of the | ||||
| integration with Datashed and the underlying SQL Server | ||||
| database. The data is exported as xls spreadsheets from | ||||
| Logchief and emailed directly to the Database Manager. | ||||
| Original copies of the data entry spreadsheets and laboratory | ||||
| assay data files (both PDF and .csv format files) are stored in | ||||
| a folder on the ABM Server, and these can only be accessed | ||||
| by the Database Administrator | ||||
| • | The data was provided to Optiro in the form of a series of | |||
| spreadsheets which were imported into a Mineral Resource | ||||
| Access Database. All data was validated during import into | ||||
| Datamine Studio 3. | ||||
| Site visits | • | Comment on any site visits | • | No site visit has been undertaken by the Competent Person |
| undertaken by the Competent Person | Mr Ian Glacken of Optiro Pty Ltd. ABM believes that there is |
19
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| and the outcome of those visits. | little information to be gained by a site visit. | |||
| • | If no site visits have been undertaken | |||
| indicate why this is the case. | ||||
| Geological | • | Confidence in (or conversely, the | • | Mineralisation is hosted primarily in a mafic host rock, |
| interpretation | uncertainty of) the geological | interspersed with variable granite intrusions. | ||
| interpretation of the mineral deposit. | • | A series of 3D wireframes delineating mineralisation was | ||
| • | Nature of the data used and of any | generated by ABM geologists using a nominal 0.5 g/t Au | ||
| assumptions made. | threshold. A maximum of 3 m internal waste was allowed, as | |||
| • | The effect, if any, of alternative | long as the combined grade exceeded 0.5 g/t. Narrow | ||
| interpretations on Mineral Resource | intervals of less than 0.5 g/t gold were occasionally included | |||
| estimation. | when geological and/or structural continuity was |
|||
| • | The use of geology in guiding and | demonstrated. All available data (excluding RAB drillholes) | ||
| controlling Mineral Resource | was used in the interpretation. Extrapolation of | |||
| estimation. | mineralisation was limited to approximately half the drill | |||
| • | The factors affecting continuity both | spacing. | ||
| of grade and geology. | • | One historical hole, HYRC0026, is thought to be incorrectly | ||
| located some 18.5 m to the south of the current | ||||
| interpretation. For the purpose of this estimation, this hole | ||||
| has been shifted 18.5 m north to match the current | ||||
| interpretation, maintaining the intersection width. A check | ||||
| survey will be attempted on this hole in the next field session. | ||||
| The area of the resource affected by this hole has been | ||||
| classified as Inferred only. | ||||
| • | Overall the Hyperion-Tethys mineralisation trend is | |||
| consistent in strike and dip between sections. The Hyperion | ||||
| South mineralisation is less consistent, and of lower grade. | ||||
| The Seuss structure has been successfully mapped on surface | ||||
| to a total strike distance of over 300 m. Overall there is strong | ||||
| geological confidence in the interpretation. | ||||
| • | Currently, no alternative interpretations have been |
|||
| considered. | ||||
| • | The Hyperion-Tethys trend consists of a central structure (of | |||
| higher grade) with adjacent hangingwall and footwall zones | ||||
| (lower grade). | ||||
| • | Structures were grouped for domain analysis according to | |||
| orientation, geology and grade. | ||||
| • | The Competent Person has confidence in the interpretation of | |||
| geology and mineralisation at the deposit. | ||||
| Dimensions | • | The extent and variability of the | • | The main mineralised lode at Hyperion has a strike length of |
| Mineral Resource expressed as length | 550 m and is defined to an average depth of 175 m below | |||
| (along strike or otherwise), plan | surface. The average width of mineralisation is 10 m. Less | |||
| width, and depth below surface to | continuous and narrow footwall mineralisation is identified | |||
| the upper and lower limits of the | within the same strike length and within 100 m from surface. | |||
| Mineral Resource. | A number of minor, flat lying footwall lodes extend to the | |||
| north. | ||||
| • | Tethys mineralisation extends along strike from the Hyperion | |||
| trend. Currently it is defined along strike to a total of 900 m. | ||||
| The western hangingwall is the most consistent structure, | ||||
| accounting for approximately 600m of strike extent, with two | ||||
| parallel lodes present in the footwall position. Two additional | ||||
| lodes continue to the east along the Tethys structure with | ||||
| approximately 300 m of strike extent. All lodes are defined to | ||||
| a depth of 150 m. The average lode width is 3 m, with a | ||||
| maximum of 15 m. |
20
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| • | Hyperion South wireframes represent a stacked set of en | |||
| echelon style mineralisation trends. Each lode averages 200 | ||||
| m along strike and 100 m depth extent. Their width is typically | ||||
| 3 m, with a maximum of 13 m. | ||||
| • | Mineralisation at Seuss trends north-south and is currently | |||
| defined along a 230 m strike length, down to a depth of 215 | ||||
| m below surface. The Seuss structure outcrops at surface and | ||||
| has an average width of 10 m. | ||||
| Estimation | • | The nature and appropriateness of | • | Estimation of Au (ppm) was completed in Datamine Studio 3 |
| and modelling | the estimation technique(s) applied | using ordinary kriging (OK) into parent blocks of 10 mE by 10 | ||
| techniques | and key assumptions, including | mN by 5 mRL. Sub-celling down to 0.5 mE by 0.5 mN by 0.25 | ||
| treatment of extreme grade values, | mRL was employed at domain boundaries to ensure | |||
| domaining, interpolation parameters | adequate volume resolution. The Competent Person believes | |||
| and maximum distance of | that the OK approach reflects standard industry practice and | |||
| extrapolation from data points. If a | is entirely appropriate for the nature and characteristics of | |||
| computer assisted estimation method | the mineralisation being evaluated. | |||
| was chosen include a description of | • | Only RC and Diamond drill hole data was used in the | ||
| computer software and parameters | estimation. All samples were composited to 1 m downhole | |||
| used. | intervals. | |||
| • | The availability of check estimates, | • | A total of 17 lodes were estimated utilising hard estimation | |
| previous estimates and/or mine | boundaries. Individual lodes were grouped into six domains | |||
| production records and whether the | based on geology, orientation and mean grades for | |||
| Mineral Resource estimate takes | variography and top cut analysis. | |||
| appropriate account of such data. | • | Top cuts were applied to each domain, reducing the effect of | ||
| • | The assumptions made regarding | outlier values on the estimation. Top cut selection was based | ||
| recovery of by-products. | on the results of a population disintegration analysis and | |||
| • | Estimation of deleterious elements or | review of the domain statistics. For each domain, no more | ||
| other non-grade variables of | than the top 2.5% of the data was top cut. Top cut values | |||
| economic significance (eg sulphur for | range from 4 to 20 g/t Au. | |||
| acid mine drainage characterisation). | • |
Variogram analysis was completed using Supervisor | ||
| • | In the case of block model | software. Normal scores transformation were used with the | ||
| interpolation, the block size in | results back-transformed before use. The directions of grade | |||
| relation to the average sample | continuity confirmed the interpreted geological continuity. | |||
| spacing and the search employed. | Ranges varied from 53 m to 110 m in the Major direction, 36 | |||
| • | Any assumptions behind modelling of | m to 53 m in the Semi-major direction and 4 m to 7.8 m in the | ||
| selective mining units. | Minor direction. Minor domains utilised borrowed | |||
| • | Any assumptions about correlation | variography from geologically similar domains, orientated | ||
| between variables. | appropriately. | |||
| • | Description of how the geological | • | Domain boundary analysis was completed on the main | |
| interpretation was used to control | Hyperion-Tethys domain to assess the effects of the oxidation | |||
| the resource estimates. | profile on grade behaviour. For lodes with greater than 50 | |||
| • | Discussion of basis for using or not | samples, a hard estimation boundary between the oxide | ||
| using grade cutting or capping. | (+transitional) and fresh profiles was used. All other lodes | |||
| • | The process of validation, the | utilised a soft boundary approach. | ||
| checking process used, the | • | Kriging neighbourhood analysis was performed to determine | ||
| comparison of model data to drill | the block size, sample numbers, discretisation and search | |||
| hole data, and use of reconciliation | ellipse sensitivity. | |||
| data if available. | • | A total of three search passes were used, with the search | ||
| ellipse preferentially oriented for each lode. The first search | ||||
| pass set to the range of the variogram for each domain using | ||||
| a range of 8 to 24 samples. The minimum sample number | ||||
| was reduced to 4 samples in the second pass. The third | ||||
| search pass was expanded to 5 times the range of the | ||||
| variogram utilising 4 to 24 samples. A maximum of 4 samples |
21
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| per drillhole was employed. Discretisation was set to 5 (E) by | ||||
| 5 (N) by 2 (RL). | ||||
| • | A total of 54% and 22% of the total resource was estimated | |||
| in the first and second passes (the range of the variogram). | ||||
| The remaining 24% was estimated in the third pass. | ||||
| Unestimated blocks (<0.01%) were set to the domain | ||||
| average. | ||||
| • | The estimated block model grades were visually validated | |||
| against the input drillhole data and comparisons were carried | ||||
| out against the drillhole data and by northing and easting | ||||
| slices. Global comparison between the declusterd input data | ||||
| and the block grades for the main lodes is considered | ||||
| acceptable (±10%). | ||||
| • | The previous estimate of the Suplejack project (Hyperion and | |||
| Hyperion South mineralisation) was completed by SRK in | ||||
| 2012. The interpretation was based on a series of 3D grade | ||||
| shells generated in Leapfrog with grade estimated using ID | ||||
| estimation techniques. Since 2012 an additional 64 RC/RCD | ||||
| holes (for 7494 m) have been drilled and used in the 2017 | ||||
| resource estimate. The current 2017 resource is based upon | ||||
| sectional interpretation of discrete lodes rather than the | ||||
| large grade shells of the 2012 resource. Due to the additional | ||||
| drilling and changes in the interpretation the 2012 and 2017 | ||||
| Mineral Resources cannot be directly compared. | ||||
| Moisture | • | Whether the tonnages are estimated | • | Tonnages have been estimated in situ, on a dry basis. The |
| on a dry basis or with natural | moisture content has been assumed based upon similar | |||
| moisture, and the method of | deposits. | |||
| determination of the moisture | ||||
| content. | ||||
| Cut-off | • | The basis of the adopted cut-off | • | The Mineral Resource has been reported using a 0.8 g/t Au |
| parameters | grade(s) or quality parameters | cut-off and above 230 mRL. This is assumed to be the | ||
| applied. | economic parameters of an open pit operation and is based | |||
| upon reasonably-assumed economic parameters and similar | ||||
| deposits. | ||||
| Mining factors | • |
Assumptions made regarding | • | The Mineral Resource has been reported using a 0.8 g/t Au |
| or | possible mining methods, minimum | cut-off and above 230 mRL. This is assumed to be the | ||
| assumptions | mining dimensions and internal (or, if | economic parameters of an open pit operation. No | ||
| applicable, external) mining dilution. | optimisation for resource constraint purposes has been | |||
| It is always necessary as part of the | attempted. | |||
| process of determining reasonable | ||||
| prospects for eventual economic | ||||
| extraction to consider potential | ||||
| mining methods, but the assumptions | ||||
| made regarding mining methods and | ||||
| parameters when estimating Mineral | ||||
| Resources may not always be | ||||
| rigorous. Where this is the case, this | ||||
| should be reported with an | ||||
| explanation of the basis of the mining | ||||
| assumptions made. | ||||
| Metallurgical | • | The basis for assumptions or | • | No detailed metallurgical testwork has yet been completed at |
| factors or | predictions regarding metallurgical | the Suplejack Project; however, all nearby Tanami pits have | ||
| assumptions | amenability. It is always necessary as | been successfully mined up to the depth of oxide, with some | ||
| part of the process of determining | ores being more refractory than others. The best analogue |
22
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| reasonable prospects for eventual | closest to Suplejack is the Groundrush deposit, which has | |||
| economic extraction to consider | been mined to depths of up to 150 m below surface. | |||
| potential metallurgical methods, but | Occasional elevated arsenopyrite has been recognised, but is | |||
| the assumptions regarding | not expected to materially affect metallurgical amenability | |||
| metallurgical treatment processes | within weathered material. | |||
| and parameters made when | ||||
| reporting Mineral Resources may not | ||||
| always be rigorous. Where this is the | ||||
| case, this should be reported with an | ||||
| explanation of the basis of the | ||||
| metallurgical assumptions made. | ||||
| Environmental | • | Assumptions made regarding | • | Ore is likely to be processed at an existing processing plant |
| factors or | possible waste and process residue | with process residue disposal infrastructure in place. Waste | ||
| assumptions | disposal options. It is always | material will likely be stored adjacent to excavation works. | ||
| necessary as part of the process of | Levels of arsenic and other elements in waste material are | |||
| determining reasonable prospects for | generally low and are not expected to complicate waste | |||
| eventual economic extraction to | handling processes. | |||
| consider the potential environmental | ||||
| impacts of the mining and processing | ||||
| operation. While at this stage the | ||||
| determination of potential | ||||
| environmental impacts, particularly | ||||
| for a greenfields project, may not | ||||
| always be well advanced, the status | ||||
| of early consideration of these | ||||
| potential environmental impacts | ||||
| should be reported. Where these | ||||
| aspects have not been considered | ||||
| this should be reported with an | ||||
| explanation of the environmental | ||||
| assumptions made. | ||||
| Bulk density | • | Whether assumed or determined. If | • | A total of 230 density measurements were collected from |
| assumed, the basis for the | diamond core at the Suplejack project. Weathering and | |||
| assumptions. If determined, the | lithology were recorded, and specific gravity was calculated | |||
| method used, whether wet or dry, the | from dry and wet core weights. A wax was used to cover pores | |||
| frequency of the measurements, the | when taking wet core weights, to account for void spaces. | |||
| nature, size and representativeness | • | Densities have been assigned based on rock and/or material | ||
| of the samples. | type and are averages for each domain from the | |||
| • | The bulk density for bulk material | measurements taken. | ||
| must have been measured by | • | Assigned values compare with values quoted from nearby | ||
| methods that adequately account for | projects (Tregony and Groundrush). | |||
| void spaces (vugs, porosity, etc), | ||||
| moisture and differences between | Domain Rock Type SG |
|||
| rock and alteration zones within the | Transported 2.0 |
|||
| deposit. | Oxide 2.2 |
|||
| • | Discuss assumptions for bulk density | Transition 2.5 |
||
| estimates used in the evaluation | Granite _2.7 _ |
|||
| process of the different materials. | Fresh Sediments 2.8 Mafics _2.92 _ |
|||
| Mineralisation 2.87 |
||||
| Classification | • | The basis for the classification of the | • | A combination of drill spacing, confidence in the geological |
| Mineral Resources into varying | interpretation and estimation quality measures were used to | |||
| confidence categories. | classify the resource. | |||
| • | Whether appropriate account has | • | No Measured category has been defined. | |
| been taken of all relevant factors (ie | • | Approximately 18% of the resource (total resource, at 0 g/t |
23
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| relative confidence in tonnage/grade | cut-off) has been classified as Indicated. Areas where the drill | |||
| estimations, reliability of input data, | spacing was closer than 50 m by 50 m, strong confidence in | |||
| confidence in continuity of geology | the geological continuity of the mineralisation and where the | |||
| and metal values, quality, quantity | kriging efficiencies were better than 30% were classified as | |||
| and distribution of the data). | Indicated. 98% of the total Indicated resource has been | |||
| • | Whether the result appropriately | estimated in the first pass. | ||
| reflects the Competent Person’s view | • | The remaining 82% of the total resource, at 0 g/t) was | ||
| of the deposit. | classified as Inferred. | |||
| • | The classification reflects the Competent Person’s view of the | |||
| deposit. | ||||
| Audits or | • | The results of any audits or reviews of | • |
The Mineral Resource has been audited internally as part of |
| reviews | Mineral Resource estimates. | normal validation processes by Optiro. | ||
| • | There has been no external review of the Mineral Resource | |||
| estimate. | ||||
| Discussion of | • | Where appropriate a statement of | • | A total of 98% of the Indicated Resource was estimated in the |
| relative | the relative accuracy and confidence | first search pass and is considered to have a high level of | ||
| accuracy/ | level in the Mineral Resource | confidence. The Inferred portion of the resource has lower | ||
| confidence | estimate using an approach or | confidence due to the limited drill information. In | ||
| procedure deemed appropriate by | consideration of the block size, drill spacing and good | |||
| the Competent Person. For example, | geological and grade continuity, the model is believed to be | |||
| the application of statistical or | suitable for local (annual to quarterly) grade estimates. | |||
| geostatistical procedures to quantify | There has been no production for calibration of the | |||
| the relative accuracy of the resource | classification. | |||
| within stated confidence limits, or, if | ||||
| such an approach is not deemed | ||||
| appropriate, a qualitative discussion | ||||
| of the factors that could affect the | ||||
| relative accuracy and confidence of | ||||
| the estimate. | ||||
| • | The statement should specify | |||
| whether it relates to global or local | ||||
| estimates, and, if local, state the | ||||
| relevant tonnages, which should be | ||||
| relevant to technical and economic | ||||
| evaluation. Documentation should | ||||
| include assumptions made and the | ||||
| procedures used. | ||||
| • | These statements of relative accuracy | |||
| and confidence of the estimate | ||||
| should be compared with production | ||||
| data, where available. |
24