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Pozavarovalnica Sava

Annual Report Mar 24, 2023

1987_rns_2023-03-24_423ac32a-7431-4cba-ae6e-6283457a746a.pdf

Annual Report

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AMONG GOOD PEOPLE

ANNUAL REPORT

of the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re d.d. for

September

AM BEST

September

3

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 BUSINESS REPORT SUSTAINABILITY REPORT FINANCIAL STATEMENTS WITH NOTES APPENDICES

ANNUAL REPORT

Insurance is about connecting. Connecting individuals and companies to ensure security and quality of life, putting them first and making services more accessible to them through digital tools. Through reinsurance, we connect insurance companies in Slovenia and abroad. Many of them have placed their trust in us for decades.

Declaration of the management board

To the best of our knowledge and in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards, the consolidated and separate financial statements give a true and fair view of the financial position and profit or loss of the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re d.d. The business report gives a fair view of the development and performance of the Group and the Company, and their financial position, including a description of the principal risks to which the consolidated companies are exposed.

Ljubljana, 15 March 2023

Chairman of the Management Board

Polona Pirš Zupančič, Member of the Management Board

Peter Skvarča, Member of the Management Board

Key figures

Sava Insurance Group Sava Insurance Group
EUR, except percentages 2022 2021 EUR, except percentages 2022 2021
Total of all operating segments Life
Operating revenue 753,642,004 732,714,051 Gross premiums written 172,175,270 178,707,830
Year-on-year change 2.9% 7.6% Year-on-year change -3.7% 37.2%
Profit or loss, net of tax 68,242,586 76,167,178 Net expense ratio 22.4% 21.4%
Year-on-year change -10.4% 35.1% Profit or loss before tax 18,530,692 16,761,225
Comprehensive income -68,768,647 57,585,415 Year-on-year change 10.6% -38.6%
Year-on-year change -219.4% -24.0% Total of all operating segments 31 December 2022 31 December 2021
Return on revenue* 9.1% 10.4% Total assets 2,534,002,659 2,658,322,359
Net expense ratio, including operating revenue/** 29.3% 29.0% Change on 31 December of prior year -4.7% 7.7%
Return on equity 14.9% 15.8% Shareholders' equity 411,951,369 504,077,018
Return on equity, excluding the fair value reserve 13.5% 16.9% Change on 31 December of prior year -18.3% 9.5%
Earnings or loss per share 4.39 4.91 Net technical provisions 1,683,693,589 1,703,916,399
Return on the investment portfolio/* 1.3% 1.8% Change on 31 December of prior year -1.2% 6.5%
Reinsurance + non-life Book value per share 26.58 32.53
Gross premiums written 598,502,723 546,925,838 Number of employees (full-time equivalent basis) 2,704.3 2,698.9
Year-on-year change 9.4% 0.1% Solvency ratio under Solvency II rules 177–187% 1 198%
Net incurred loss ratio* 58.3% 55.5% For definitions of items and ratios, please refer to the appended glossary.
Net expense ratio 31.5% 31.6% * Excluding the effect of exchange differences.
Net combined ratio* 90.7% 88.1% ** Excluding subordinated debt expenses.
*** Excluding the amortisation charge for a customer list.
Profit or loss before tax 60,064,163 72,204,759
Year-on-year change -16.8% 75.8%

Contents

Declaration of the management board 5
Key figures 7
BUSINESS REPORT 9
1 Letter from the chairman of the management board 10
2 Profile of Sava Re and the Sava Insurance Group 12
3 Shareholders and share trading 23
4 Report of the supervisory board 28
5 Corporate governance statement 38
6 Mission, vision, strategic focus and goals 51
7 Business environment 58
8 Review of operations of the Sava Insurance Group and Save Re 66
9 Financial position of the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re 89
10 Human resources management 98
11 Risk management 116
12 Internal auditing in the Sava Insurance Group 125
13 Development of information support 126
SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 127
14
Sustainability report
128
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS WITH NOTES 161
15 Auditor's report 163
16
Financial statements
168
17
Notes to the financial statements
181
18 Significant events after the reporting date 397
APPENDICES (unaudited) 398
Appendix A – Sava Re performance indicators 399
Appendix B – Financial statements of the Sava Insurance Group pursuant to requirements of the
Insurance Supervision Agency
405
Appendix C – Financial statements of Sava Re pursuant to requirements of the Insurance
Supervision Agency
417
Appendix C2 – Glossary of selected terms and calculation methods for indicators 424
Appendix D – GRI index 427

BUSINESS REPORT

Business is about people. It is about building relationships based on trust and taking responsibility. We are honoured by your trust and belief in our story. It is your trust that drives us, so that we do not rest at any goal we achieve, but always reach for the next one.

1 Letter from the chairman of the management board2

Dear Shareholders, Business Partners and Employees,

The previous financial year was marked by rising geopolitical tensions and tightening global economic conditions. While the Covid-19 pandemic began to loosen its grip, Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine began in February 2022. This led to an increase in energy prices and pushed up inflation, resulting in a higher key interest rate and higher required yields in financial markets, and it presented the Sava Insurance Group with new challenges. Although our business with Russia had not been substantial, and the sanctions, therefore, did not have a significant impact on the results, inflation began to be reflected in the increased value of claims, as well as in higher labour, information technology and other costs. At half year, it was clear that the insurance industry could no longer delay the much-needed adjustment of its pricing policy.

An advanced risk governance framework, timely action, capital strength and customer focus across all stages of the sales and post-sales process enabled the Sava

Insurance Group to achieve virtually all the goals set in its 2022 business plan. The Group generated a net profit of EUR 68.2 million, which is 13.7% above the plan, achieving a remarkable 14.9% return on equity. At EUR 774.1 million, the Group increased its business volume in terms of gross premiums written by 6.1%, mainly driven by its non-life and reinsurance business. In 2022, the Group continued to strengthen its business in foreign markets, achieving strong premium and profit growth. As expected, the Group's combined ratio increased as the pandemic subsided. At 90.7%, it was much better than planned. This was largely due to cost efficiency, as costs grew more slowly than premiums. Financial investments suffered from unfavourable conditions in the financial markets in 2022; consequently, the return on the investment portfolio, at 1.3%, was below target and lower than the previous year. Sava Re's capital strength and solvency were reaffirmed last year with an "A" credit rating from S&P Global Ratings and AM Best.

In 2022, the Group continued to strengthen its business in foreign markets, achieving strong premium and profit growth. As expected, the Group's combined ratio increased as the pandemic subsided. At 90.7%, it was much better than planned.

In 2022, the Group continued to make solid progress

in its development strategy of digital transformation and customer-centric business processes. Its key development activities were focused on the consolidation of customer support processes at contact centres and the introduction of centralised multi-channel solutions across several Sava Insurance Group companies. We enhanced our digital and self-care solutions for customers and improved the user experience. The SavaNet portal, which currently includes data from Zavarovalnica Sava, Sava Pokojninska and Sava Infond, has undergone several improvements based on customer requests and ideas. While implementing advanced technologies, we continued to develop and introduce machine learning into various work processes to reduce process time and improve our customers' experience. We expanded and upgraded our product range in view of our customers' needs and expectations. In non-life insurance, we offered products with strong sustainability credentials, as well as products targeted at individual policyholder segments and products that promote online sales and bancassurance. As part of the expansion of the Group's life insurance product range, in 2022 the Group focused on further developing and improving protection policies and unit-linked life products, with which it entered the Serbian market. In international markets, we successfully expanded our bancassurance business by establishing a new collaboration and by strengthening business with banking partners.

Sustainability has become an integral part of our dai-

ly operations and decision-making. At the end of the year, the Group thus adopted a sustainable development policy, which governs the sustainability management system and underlines the principles of responsible management in all business areas. In addition to developing products with a sustainability component, we are reinforcing this aspect of our business operations in other areas as well. We developed the guidelines for the responsible underwriting of environmental, social and governance risks in non-life insurance, which were implemented in several Group companies during the year. We increased our sustainability investments to EUR 218 million in 2022, representing 14.9% of the total investment portfolio. We updated the sustainable investment policy by integrating a sustainability risk management perspective into the investment process and by more consistently integrating the principles of the UN Global Compact into the investment process. We paid particular attention to the many legislative developments in the context of the European Union's efforts to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, and implemented the activities necessary to meet the requirements in a timely manner.

In the Sava Insurance Group, we recognise our responsibility to our employees and the wider community. We have made it a strategic goal for the Group to be recognised by our stakeholders as a socially responsible and attractive employer in the region. The members of the Sava Insurance Group therefore have strong links with their local environment. We support local communities through sponsorships, donations and prevention projects, and our employees have embraced corporate volunteering by taking part in our Heart for the World initiative. In 2022, the initiative thus resulted in numerous activities throughout the Group that promote our corporate responsibility towards our natural and social environment.

At the end of 2022, the Sava Insurance Group successfully completed the strategic period in all areas of its business. I would like to take this opportunity to thank our employees, shareholders, customers and other stakeholders for their support and trust. With the new 2023–2027 strategy, adopted at the end of 2022, we continue to implement our mission and vision. Through commitment and constant progress, we ensure security and quality of life. We are building a customer-centric, flexible and sustainability-oriented insurance group. A big thank you to all our colleagues who have helped us achieve our goals so far. We believe that among good people the ambitious goals we have set ourselves for the new strategy period can be achieved.

Marko Jazbec

Chairman of the Management Board of Sava Re d.d.

In 2022, the Group continued to make solid progress in its development strategy of digital transformation and customer-centric business processes.

2 Profile of Sava Re and the Sava Insurance Group

2.1 Sava Re company profile3

Company name Sava Re, d.d.
Business address Dunajska 56, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Telephone (switchboard) +386 1 47 50 200
Facsimile +386 1 47 50 264
Email [email protected]
Website www.sava-re.si
ID number 5063825
Tax identification number SI17986141
LEI code 549300P6F1BDSFSW5T72
Share capital EUR 71,856,376
Shares 17,219,662 no-par-value shares
Company name Sava Re, d.d.
Business address
Dunajska 56, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Telephone (switchboard) +386 1 47 50 200
Facsimile +386 1 47 50 264
Email [email protected]
Website www.sava-re.si
ID number 5063825
Tax identification number SI17986141
LEI code 549300P6F1BDSFSW5T72
Share capital EUR 71,856,376
Shares 17,219,662 no-par-value shares
Management and supervisory bodies MANAGEMENT BOARD Marko Jazbec (chairman) Polona Pirš Zupančič
Peter Skvarča
SUPERVISORY BOARD Davor Ivan Gjivoje, jr. (chairman)
Keith William Morris (deputy chairman)
Klemen Babnik
Matej Gomboši
Edita Rituper (employee representative)
Andrej Gorazd Kunstek (employee representative)
Date of entry into court register 10 December 1990, Ljubljana District Court
Certified auditor Deloitte Revizija d.o.o., Dunajska cesta 165, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Largest shareholder and holding Slovenski Državni Holding d.d. (Slovenian Sovereign Holding)
17.7% (no-par-value shares: 3,043,883)
Credit ratings: S&P Global Ratings
AM Best
A /stable/; September 2022
A /stable/; September 2022
Investor relations contact [email protected]
The Company has no branches

2.2 Significant events in 2022

• The year 2022 was marked by a tense geopolitical situation. In February 2022, Russia launched a war of aggression against Ukraine, which has now lasted a year. In early 2022, the Sava Insurance Group examined the impact of the war in Ukraine on its operations and assessed that, due to the small volume of business with and low investment exposure to Russia and Ukraine, the changed circumstances would not have a material impact on its business result. The Sava Insurance Group (through Sava Re) had written reinsurance contracts with Russian and Ukrainian partners the annual premium volume of which accounted for only 0.1% of the Group's total operating revenue for 2022. All contracts contain sanctions clauses. In the event of sanctions imposed by the European Union or the United Nations, such clauses limit the obligations of Sava Re under relevant contracts if such obligations are contrary to the applicable sanctions. In addition, the reinsurance contracts written exclude coverage related to war.

The credit and currency exposure of the Group's financial investments to Russia, Ukraine and Belarus was negligible at 31 December 2022. Russia's military aggression against Ukraine impacted capital markets and caused energy prices and inflation to rise. In response to inflation, central banks promptly adjusted monetary policy by raising key interest rates to levels last seen 15 years ago. In terms of inflation, the risk of a decline in profitability of non-life insurance business in 2022 was significantly higher, reflecting the increase in average claims, which was mainly seen in motor and property insurance. In the first phase, the greatest impact was felt in the Slovenian market. Zavarovalnica Sava responded by increasing premium rates and adjusting products that showed signs of claims inflation. Technical provisions also went up, depending on the estimated effects. The other markets in which the Group operates and in the reinsurance segment also experienced inflationary pressures.

Further uncertainty was added by increased tensions
over Taiwan and the difficulties of the economy in
China, where it seems increasingly likely that the
property bubble is about to burst, while the econo
my is also impacted by the country's zero-tolerance
for Covid-19. Section 17.7 "Risk management" de
tails the risks arising from adverse macroeconomic
and geopolitical conditions.

Jošt Dolničar, who was appointed chairman of the
management board of Zavarovalnica Sava on 30
December 2021, was granted a licence to perform

this function by the Insurance Supervision Agency on 3 May 2022. His term as a member of the management board of Sava Re ended on 4 May 2022, and he assumed the chairmanship of the management board of Zavarovalnica Sava on 5 May 2022 for a five-year term of office. In December 2022, the supervisory board of Sava Re appointed David Benedek as an additional member of the management board. David Benedek has been appointed for a five-year term, beginning on the next business day following receipt of the Insurance Supervision Agency's decision to issue a licence to David Benedek to act as a member of the management board. At the time of writing, this decision has not yet been issued.

  • In May 2022, the 38th general meeting of shareholders was held4.
  • In May 2022, the High Court in Dublin ruled in favour of Zavarovalnica Sava, confirming that its business interruption and loss of licence policy wording does not provide cover for losses arising from the Covid-19 pandemic.
  • In September 2022, the rating agencies S&P Global Ratings and AM Best affirmed the "A" ratings of Sava Re and Zavarovalnica Sava. The outlook was stable.
  • In December 2022, the Sava Insurance Group's new strategy for 2023–2027 and the business plan for the financial year 2023 were released.

2.3 Significant events after the reporting date

  • On 15 January 2023, a new five-year term of office for Polona Pirš Zupančič, a member of the management board of Sava Re, was entered in the register of companies.
  • At the beginning of 2023, Zavarovalnica Sava and Sava Infond sold two properties in Maribor,

which were classified as available for sale at the reporting date. The sale value of the properties was EUR 4.2 million. This sale will have no impact on the consolidated income statement of the Sava Insurance Group for 2023. sale of G2I (GBR). Sava Re's ownership of the company will cease after the transfer of the shareholding becomes effective in the English register of companies.

• In March 2023, an agreement was signed for the

2.4 Sava Re rating profile

Sava Re is rated by two rating agencies, S&P Global Ratings and AM Best.

Financial strength ratings of Sava Re

Agency Rating5 Outlook Latest review
S&P Global Ratings A stable September 2022: existing rating affirmed
AM Best A stable September 2022: existing rating affirmed

5 The credit rating agency S&P Global Ratings uses the following scale for assessing financial strength: AAA (extremely strong), AA (very strong), A (strong), BBB (adequate), BB (less vulnerable), B (more vulnerable), CCC (currently vulnerable), CC (highly vulnerable), R (under regulatory supervision), SD (selectively defaulted), D (defaulted), NR (not rated). Plus (+) or minus (-) following the credit rating from AA to CCC indicates the relative ranking within the major credit categories. AM Best uses the following categories to assess financial strength: A++, A+ (superior), A, A- (excellent), B++, B+ (good), B, B- (fair), C++, C+ (marginal), C, C- (weak), D (poor), E (under regulatory supervision), F (in liquidation), S (suspended).

2.5 Profile of the Sava Insurance Group6

Sava Re, the parent company of the Sava Insurance Group, transacts reinsurance business. The insurance part of the Group is composed of eight insurers based in Slovenia and in the countries of the Adriatic region: the composite insurer Zavarovalnica Sava (SVN); the non-life insurers Sava Neživotno Osiguranje (SRB), Sava Osiguruvanje (MKD), Illyria (RKS) and Sava Osiguranje (MNE); and the life insurers Vita (SVN), Sava Životno Osiguranje (SRB) and Illyria Life (RKS). In addition to these (re)insurers, the Group consists of:

  • Sava Pokojninska (SVN): a Slovenian pension company;
  • Sava Penzisko Društvo (MKD): a pension fund manager based in North Macedonia managing secondand third-pillar pension funds;
  • Sava Infond (SVN): a subsidiary managing investment funds;
  • TBS Team 24 (SVN): a company providing assistance services relating to motor, health and homeowners insurance;
  • DCB (SVN): an associate company carrying on hospital activities;
  • G2I (GBR): an associate company marketing online motor polices.

The Group keeps expanding, diversifying into areas related to its existing business. We strengthen and refine our product range and have evolved into a comprehensive service provider.

  • Reinsurance: With over 40 years of experience in international reinsurance, Sava Re provides a full range of reinsurance coverages. Building a globally diversified portfolio, we now conduct business in over one hundred reinsurance markets worldwide. Our guiding principle is to build long-term relationships with our clients and partners that allow creating stability throughout all economic cycles.
  • Insurance, Slovenia: In Slovenia, the insurance business is conducted through Zavarovalnica Sava and Vita. Zavarovalnica Sava concentrates on developing new products and improving existing ones, with a strong emphasis on customer focus. The company offers a wide range of non-life and life insurance coverages. Products are sold through internal and external sales channels. Vita joined the Sava Insurance Group in 2020, making it the second-largest insurance group in Slovenia in terms of market share. Vita is the largest life insurance company in Slovenia operating on a bancassurance model. It
sells its policies exclusively through branches of the
bank NLB d.d., where customers are served by high
ly qualified financial advisors. The company mainly
writes unit-linked life insurance policies.
Insurance, international: The Sava Insurance Group
operates through subsidiaries and branches in the
markets of Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, North
Macedonia and Kosovo. Motor third-party liability
and motor own damage (casco) account for a sig
nificant part of non-life insurance business written
in these markets, and there is a rising trend in prop
erty, health and other business. The Group offers
life insurance in the markets of Croatia, Serbia and
Kosovo.
Pensions: The Sava Insurance Group offers pension
insurance in Slovenia and North Macedonia. In the
Slovenian market, Sava Pokojninska offers a com
  • prehensive range of supplementary pension insurance: it manages pension fund assets and distributes supplementary pension annuity payments. The company in North Macedonia manages mandatory and voluntary pension funds.
  • Asset management: Sava Infond manages client assets in 19 sub-funds of the Infond umbrella fund and provides portfolio management services to Group companies.
  • Assistance services: The assistance services of TBS Team 24 complement the core insurance business in all the markets in which we operate. The company is the leading assistance provider in southeastern Europe, offering its policyholders roadside, home and travel medical assistance, as well as other assistance services.

Company names of Sava Insurance Group members

Official long name Short name in this document
Zavarovalna skupina Sava Sava Insurance Group
1 Pozavarovalnica Sava d.d. / Sava Reinsurance Company d.d. Sava Re
2 Zavarovalnica Sava (SVN)
ZAVAROVALNICA SAVA, zavarovalna družba, d.d. Zavarovalnica Sava, Slovenian part (in tables)
SAVA OSIGURANJE, d.d. – Croatian branch office Zavarovalnica Sava, Croatian part (in tables)
3 SAVA NEŽIVOTNO OSIGURANJE AKCIONARSKO DRUŠTVO ZA OSIGURANJE BEOGRAD Sava Neživotno Osiguranje (SRB)
4 KOMPANIA E SIGURIMEVE " ILLYRIA " SH.A. Illyria (RKS)
5 SAVA osiguruvanje a.d. Skopje Sava Osiguruvanje (MKD)
6 AKCIONARSKO DRUŠTVO SAVA OSIGURANJE PODGORICA Sava Osiguranje (MNE)
7 Kompania për Sigurimin e Jetës " Illyria – Life " SH.A. Illyria Life (RKS)
8 "SAVA ŽIVOTNO OSIGURANJE" akcionarsko društvo za osiguranje, Beograd Sava Životno Osiguranje (SRB)
9 Društvo sa ograničenom odgovornošću – SAVA CAR – Podgorica Sava Car (MNE)
10 ZS Svetovanje, storitve zavarovalnega zastopanja, d.o.o. ZS Svetovanje (SVN)
11 ASISTIM, klicni center, storitvene dejavnosti in vrednotenje, d.o.o. ASISTIM (SVN)
12 DRUŠTVO ZA ZASTUPANJE U OSIGURANJU "SAVA AGENT" D.O.O. - Podgorica Sava Agent (MNE)
13 Društvo za tehničko ispituvanje i analiza na motorni vozila SAVA STEJŠN DOOEL Skopje Sava Station (MKD)
14 Sava pokojninska družba, d.d. Sava Pokojninska (SVN)
15 TBS TEAM 24 podjetje za storitvene dejavnosti in trgovino d.o.o. TBS Team 24 (SVN)
16 Društvo za upravuvanje so zadolžitelni i dobovolin penzisko fondovi SAVA PENZISKO DRUŠTVO A.D Skopje Sava Penzisko Društvo (MKD)
17 Got2Insure Ltd G2I (GBR)
18 SAVA INFOND, družba za upravljanje, d.o.o. Sava Infond (SVN)
19 SO poslovno savjetovanje d.o.o. SO Poslovno Savjetovanje (HRV)
20 Diagnostični center Bled d.o.o. DCB (SVN)
21 Vita, življenjska zavarovalnica, d.d. Vita (SVN)
22 PRIVREDNO DRUŠTVO ZA TEHNIČKI PREGLED I REGISTRACIJU SAVA CAR DOO BEOGRAD Sava Car (SRB)

2.7 General information on Group companies as at 31 December 20229

As at 31 December 2022, the Sava Insurance Group had the following members:

Sava Re Zavarovalnica Sava (SVN) Sava Neživotno Osiguranje (SRB) Illyria (RKS) Sava Osiguruvanje (MKD)
Registered office Dunajska cesta 56, 1001 Ljubljana,
Slovenia
Ulica Eve Lovše 7, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia Bulevar vojvode Mišića 51, 11040 Belgrade,
Serbia
Sheshi Nëna Terezë 33, 10000 Pristina,
Kosovo
Zagrebska br. 28A, 1000 Skopje, North
Macedonia
ID number 5063825000 5063400000 17407813 810483769 4778529
Main activity reinsurance insurance non-life insurance non-life insurance non-life insurance
Share capital (EUR) 71,856,376 68,417,377 6,314,464 7,228,040 3,820,077
Book value of combined equity interest of all
Group members (EUR)
68,417,377 6,314,464 7,228,040 3,585,524
% equity share / voting rights held by
Group members
Sava Re: 100.0% Sava Re: 100.0% Sava Re: 100.0% Sava Re: 93.86%
Governing bodies management board management board management board managing director board of directors
Marko Jazbec (chair), Polona Pirš
Zupančič, Peter Skvarča
Jošt Dolničar (chair), Uroš Lorenčič,
Primož Močivnik, Robert Ciglarič, Miha
Pahulje
Bojan Mijailović (chair), Aleksandar Ašanin Shpend Balija executive director: Melita Gugulovska
non-executive directors of the company:
Rok Moljk (chair), Peter Skvarča, Milan
Viršek, Sašo Tonevski, Nenad Jovanović
supervisory board supervisory board supervisory board board of directors
Davor Ivan Gjivoje Jr (chair), Keith William
Morris, Klemen Babnik, Matej Gomboši,
Edita Rituper, Andrej Gorazd Kunstek
Marko Jazbec (chair), Pavel Gojkovič,
Polona Pirš Zupančič, Peter Skvarča, Aleš
Perko, Branko Beranič
Peter Skvarča (chair), Nebojša Šćekić, Josif
Jusković
Marko Jazbec (chair), Rok Moljk, Andreja
Rahne, Milan Viršek, Ilirijana Dželadini

Sava Osiguranje (MNE) Illyria Life (RKS) Sava Životno Osiguranje (SRB) Sava Car (MNE) ZS Svetovanje (SVN)
Registered office Ulica Svetlane Kane Radević br. 1, 81000
Podgorica, Montenegro
Sheshi Nëna Terezë 33, 10000 Pristina,
Kosovo
Bulevar vojvode Mišića 51, 11040 Belgrade,
Serbia
Ulica Svetlane Kane Radević br. 1, 81000
Podgorica, Montenegro
Ulica Eve Lovše 7, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
ID number 02303388 810793837 20482443 02806380 2154170000
Main activity non-life insurance life insurance life insurance technical testing and analysis insurance agency
Share capital (EUR) 4,033,303 3,285,893 4,326,664 485,000 327,263
Book value of combined equity interest of all
Group members (EUR)
4,033,303 3,285,893 4,326,664 485,000 327,263
% equity share / voting rights held by
Group members
Sava Re: 100.0% Sava Re: 100.0% Sava Re: 100.0% Sava Osiguranje (MNE): 100.0% Zavarovalnica Sava: 100.0%
Governing bodies board of directors managing director management board Sava Osiguranje (MNE): 100.0% Zavarovalnica Sava: 100.0%
executive director: Melita Gugulovska
non-executive directors of the company:
Rok Moljk (chair), Peter Skvarča, Milan
Viršek, Sašo Tonevski, Nenad Jovanović
Albin Podvorica
deputy managing director: Mehmeti Fisnik
Miloš Brusin (chair), Ana Bojanić Siniša Mićunović Aljaž Kos
board of directors supervisory board
Marko Jazbec (chair), Andreja Rahne, Rok
Moljk, Milan Viršek, Ilirijana Dželadini
Polona Pirš Zupančič (chair), Pavel
Gojkovič, Uroš Ćamilović

Sava Agent (MNE) Sava Station (MKD) Sava Pokojninska (SVN) TBS Team 24 (SVN) Sava Penzisko Društvo (MKD)
Registered office Ulica Svetlane Kane Radević br. 1, 81000
Podgorica, Montenegro
Zagrebska br. 28A, 1000 Skopje, North
Macedonia
Ulica Eve Lovše 7, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia Ljubljanska ulica 42, 2000 Maribor,
Slovenia
Majka Tereza 1, 1000 Skopje, North
Macedonia
ID number 02699893 7005350 1550411000 5946948000 5989434
Main activity insurance agency technical testing and analysis pension fund provision of assistance services fund management activities
Share capital (EUR) 10,000 199,821 6,301,109 8,902 2,110,791
Book value of combined equity interest of all
Group members (EUR)
10,000 199,821 6,301,109 7,789 2,110,791
% equity share / voting rights held by
Group members
Sava Osiguranje (MNE): 100.0% Sava Osiguruvanje (MKD): 100.0% Sava Re: 100.0% Sava Re: 87.5% Sava Re: 100.0%
Governing bodies executive director managing director management board managing director management board
Snežana Milović Ilija Nikolovski Andrej Plos (chair), Igor Pšunder Edvard Hojnik Petar Taleski (chair), Marija Gjorgjievska,
Kosta Ivanovski
supervisory board holder of procuration supervisory board
Jošt Dolničar (chair), Rok Moljk, Hermina
Kastelec, Pavel Gojkovič, Irena Šela, Tomaž
Šalamon, Uroš Krajnc
Aleksandra Tkalčič Pavel Gojkovič (chair), Rok Moljk, Peter
Skvarča, Erol Hasan

Vita (SVN) DCB (SVN) G2I (GBR) Sava Infond (SVN) SO Poslovno Savjetovanje (HRV)
Registered office Trg republike 3, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Pod Skalo 4, 4260 Bled, Slovenia First Floor Ridgeland House 15 Carfax,
Horsham, West Sussex, RH12 1DY, United
Kingdom
Ulica Eve Lovše 7, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia R. Frangeša Mihanovica 9, 10000 Zagreb,
Croatia
ID number 1834665000 5690366000 10735938 5822416000 02467143
Main activity life insurance hospital activities insurance agency fund management activities business and other management
consultancy activities
Share capital (EUR) 7,043,900 379,123 152,958 1,460,524 3,884,285
Book value of combined equity interest of all
Group members (EUR)
7,043,900 189,562 26,768 1,460,524 3,884,285
% equity share / voting rights held by
Group members
Sava Re: 100.0% Sava Re: 40.1%/50.0% Sava Re: 17.5%/25.0% Sava Re: 84.00%/84.85%
Zavarovalnica Sava: 15.00%/15.15%
Zavarovalnica Sava: 100.0%
Governing bodies management board managing director board of directors management board managing director
Irena Prelog (chair), Tine Pust Zvonko Novina, Robert Cugelj Graham Moreton Smith (chair and non
executive member), Robert Paul Marjoram
(executive member), Lisa Maire Dunne
(executive member), Nicholas Tsimekis
(executive member), Justin James Davis
(executive member), Robert Anthony
Katzaros (executive member)
Jožica Palčič (chair), Samo Stonič Vedran Sokačič
supervisory board supervisory board supervisory board
Marko Jazbec (chair), Pavel Gojkovič,
Andreja Rahne, Jure Košir
Jošt Dolničar (chair), Blaž Jakič, Jaka Kirn,
Milan Marinič, Polonca Jug Mauko
Polona Pirš Zupančič (chair), Nada Zidar,
Jure Košir, Primož Močivnik, Miha Pahulje
Vita (SVN) DCB (SVN) G2I (GBR) Sava Infond (SVN) SO Poslovno Savjetovanje (HRV)
Registered office Trg republike 3, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Pod Skalo 4, 4260 Bled, Slovenia First Floor Ridgeland House 15 Carfax,
Horsham, West Sussex, RH12 1DY, United
Kingdom
Ulica Eve Lovše 7, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia R. Frangeša Mihanovica 9, 10000 Zagreb,
Croatia
ID number 1834665000 5690366000 10735938 5822416000 02467143
Main activity life insurance hospital activities insurance agency fund management activities business and other management
consultancy activities
Share capital (EUR) 7,043,900 379,123 152,958 1,460,524 3,884,285
Book value of combined equity interest of all
Group members (EUR)
7,043,900 189,562 26,768 1,460,524 3,884,285
% equity share / voting rights held by
Group members
Sava Re: 100.0% Sava Re: 40.1%/50.0% Sava Re: 17.5%/25.0% Sava Re: 84.00%/84.85%
Zavarovalnica Sava: 15.00%/15.15%
Zavarovalnica Sava: 100.0%
Governing bodies management board managing director board of directors management board managing director
Irena Prelog (chair), Tine Pust Zvonko Novina, Robert Cugelj Graham Moreton Smith (chair and non
executive member), Robert Paul Marjoram
(executive member), Lisa Maire Dunne
(executive member), Nicholas Tsimekis
(executive member), Justin James Davis
(executive member), Robert Anthony
Katzaros (executive member)
Jožica Palčič (chair), Samo Stonič Vedran Sokačič
supervisory board supervisory board supervisory board
Marko Jazbec (chair), Pavel Gojkovič,
Andreja Rahne, Jure Košir
Jošt Dolničar (chair), Blaž Jakič, Jaka Kirn,
Milan Marinič, Polonca Jug Mauko
Polona Pirš Zupančič (chair), Nada Zidar,
Jure Košir, Primož Močivnik, Miha Pahulje

The management of all Sava Insurance Group members is local.10

2.8 Changes to the organisation11

There were no major changes in the Group's organisation in 2022, but the Kosovo company S Estate was successfully divested in the first quarter of 2022, the vehicle inspection company Sava Car (MNE) established the vehicle inspection company Sava Car (SRB) in Serbia in August 2022 to strengthen sales channels and Ornatus KC was renamed ASISTIM at the end of 2022.

3 Shareholders and share trading

Driven by the uncertain economic situation and the developments in financial market, the Sava Re share price fell by 19.7% from EUR 27.9 to EUR 22.4 in 2022. During this period, it reached a high of EUR 30.4 and a low of 2022, by 1.1%. The Ljubljana Stock Exchange index (SBI-TOP) also declined over the period, by 16.9%.

EUR 20.1. In 2022, the average price was EUR 25.3. The SXIP (STOXX Europe 600 Insurance) also fell in In 2022, turnover in Sava Re shares was EUR 17.9 million (2021: EUR 22.9 million). Average daily turnover was EUR 71,859, compared to EUR 91,863 in 2021.

Basic details about the POSR share

31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Share capital 71,856,376 71,856,376
Number of shares 17,219,662 17,219,662
Ticker symbol POSR POSR
Number of shareholders 4,316 4,274
Type of share ordinary
Listing Ljubljana Stock Exchange, prime market
Number of own shares 1,721,966 1,721,966
Consolidated book value per share (EUR) 26.58 32.53
Market capitalisation at end of period (EUR) 347,148,390 432,385,718
2022 2021
Consolidated net earnings per share (EUR) 4.39 4.91
Share price at end of period (EUR) 22.40 27.90
Average share price during reporting period (EUR) 25.26 25.13
Period low (EUR) 20.10 18.50
Period high (EUR) 30.40 29.80
Turnover during the period (EUR) 17,892,849 22,873,820
Average daily trade volume (EUR) 71,859 91,863

Shareholders

Sava Re shareholder structure as at 31 December 2022

Type of investor Domestic investors International
investors
Insurance and pension companies 18.2% 0.0%
Other financial institutions* 18.0% 15.6%
Republic of Slovenia 13.9% 0.0%
Natural persons 11.1% 0.2%
Investment funds and mutual funds 2.5% 0.0%
Other commercial companies 2.9% 1.0%
Banks 0.0% 16.6%
Total 66.6% 33.4%

* The other financial institutions item includes Slovenian Sovereign Holding with a stake of 17.7%.

The composition of shareholders remained largely unchanged in of 2022. Domestic ownership increased by 0.2 p.p. to 66.6%.

Fiduciary accounts with banks, attorneys and other financial institutions altogether account for 24.6% of all POSR shares.

Composition of Sava Re share capital

Ten largest shareholders and qualifying shareholders under the Slovenian Takeover Act as at 31 December 202212

Shareholder Number of shares % of share capital % voting rights
1 Slovenian Sovereign Holding 3,043,883 17.7% 19.6%
2 InterCapital Securities Ltd. – fiduciary account 2,538,773 14.7% 16.4%
3 Republic of Slovenia 2,392,436 13.9% 15.4%
4 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
(EBRD)
1,071,429 6.2% 6.9%
5 Raiffeisen Bank Austria d.d. – fiduciary account 795,206 4.6% 5.1%
6 Modra Zavarovalnica d.d. 714,285 4.1% 4.6%
7 Hrvatska Poštanska Banka – fiduciary account 380,190 2.2% 2.5%
8 Guaranteed civil servants' sub-fund 320,346 1.9% 2.1%
9 Kapitalska Družba d.d. – SODPZ 238,109 1.4% 1.5%
10 OTP Banka d.d. – fiduciary account 204,364 1.2% 1.3%
Total 11,699,021 67.9% 75.5%
Sava Re d.d., own shares* 1,721,966 10.0% -

* Own shares carry no voting rights.

** Pursuant to Article 235a of the Slovenian Companies Act (ZGD-1), in April 2022 Sava Re started the process of identifying shareholders who are registered with intermediaries as holders of shares and who are not themselves intermediaries (hereinafter referred to as: ultimate shareholders). According to the information received, Adris grupa d.d. held 3,278,049 POSR shares on 26 April 2022.

In 2022, the 10 largest shareholders held a combined share of 67.9% of the share capital and 75.5% of voting rights, largely unchanged from the previous year.

As at 31 December 2022, the top five largest shareholders of Sava Re, exceeded the 5% threshold (qualifying holding under Article 77 of the Slovenian Takeover Act, ZPre-1).

In 2022, the chairman of the management board of Sava Re, Marko Jazbec, increased his holding of Sava Re shares by 1,135 to 11,500 shares. Peter Skvarča, a member of the management board, also increased his holding of Sava Re shares in 2022, by 350 to 1,200 shares. At the end of 2022, the members of the management and supervisory boards together held 19,348 shares, representing 0.112% of the share capital.

POSR shares held by members of the supervisory and management boards as at 31 December 2022

Number of shares % of share capital
Marko Jazbec 11,500 0.067%
Polona Pirš Zupančič 3,748 0.022%
Peter Skvarča 1,200 0.007%
Total management board 16,448 0.096%
Andrej Gorazd Kunstek 2,900 0.017%
Total supervisory board 2,900 0.017%
Total management and supervisory boards 19,348 0.112%

All Sava Re shares are ordinary registered shares with no par value; all were issued in book-entry form and are of the same class.

The shares give their holders the following rights:

  • the right to participate in the Company's management, with one share carrying one vote in the general meeting;
  • the right to a proportionate part of the Company's profit (dividend);
  • the right to a corresponding part of the remaining

assets upon the liquidation or bankruptcy of the Company.

Pursuant to the Sava Re articles of association and the applicable legislation, current Sava Re shareholders also hold pre-emptive rights entitling them to take up shares in proportion to their existing shareholding in any future stock offering; their pre-emptive rights can only be excluded under a resolution to increase share capital adopted by the general meeting by a majority of at least three quarters of the share capital represented.

Share transfer restrictions

All Sava Re shares are freely transferable.

Holders of securities carrying special control rights

Sava Re has issued no securities carrying special control rights.

Own shares

In line with the authorisation granted at the 28th general meeting of shareholders (held on 23 April 2014), the Company started repurchasing its shares in July 2014. The authorisation to acquire own shares was valid for three years from the date of the general meeting resolution. The authorisation was valid for the acquisition

of up to 1,721,966 own shares of the Company, representing 10% of the Company's share capital. The Company initially acquired its own shares only on the regulated market for financial instruments, but after the announcement of the share-repurchase programme in November 2014, the Company repurchased its own shares both on and off the regulated market for financial instruments, in line with the authorisation given to the management board by the general meeting. The management board's most recent repurchase of own shares to fill the quota was performed on 11 April 2016. new general meeting authorisation to purchase own shares. Dividend At the 38th general meeting of shareholders held on 23 June 2022, the shareholders adopted the proposal of the management and supervisory boards to use EUR 23,246,544.00 of the distributable profits to pay a dividend of EUR 1.50 per share. They were paid on 12 July 2022 to the shareholders entered in the share register as at 11 July 2022.

From 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2022, Sava Re did not buy back or sell any own shares. The total number of own shares as at 31 December 2022 was 1,721,966, representing 10% less one share of all issued shares.

The Company's management board does not have a

Contingent capital

The Company had no contingent capital as at 31 December 2022.

Details on dividends13

EUR, except percentages For 2016 For 2017 For 2018 For 2019 For 2020 For 2021
Amount of dividend payment 12,398,158 12,398,157 14,722,811 0 13,173,042 23,246,544
Dividend/share 0.80 0.80 0.95 0.00 0.85 1.50
Dividend yield 5.0% 4.8% 5.6% - 3.4% 5.9%

3.1 Responsibility to investors14

Our investors (i.e. our shareholders) and analysts are important stakeholders of Sava Re, and the Company maintains transparent, professional and comprehensive relationships with them.

As a Ljubljana Stock Exchange first listing company, we respect the principle of equal treatment and public information. Our communications follow recommendations for uniform informing of all shareholders, and through public announcements we make it possible to provide simultaneous and transparent information in line with the financial calendar. In so doing, we build trust among our shareholders and other potential investors in the Company and its POSR share. Key information is published in accordance with the financial calendar on the Company's website and via the Ljubljana Stock Exchange SEOnet system. In 2022, there were 60 public notifications in both Slovenian and English.

In addition, Sava Re communicates in compliance with the Slovenian Financial Instruments Market Act (ZTFI-1), the Companies' Act (ZGD-1), the aforementioned

recommendations of the Ljubljana Stock Exchange for listed companies, the Corporate Governance Code for Listed Companies, the rules of procedure of the supervisory board and the Company's internal communication rules.

The objective of the Company is to set up an open communication channel with investors. We want to achieve awareness of the real value of the Sava Re and Sava Insurance Group brand and consequently everything that investing in the POSR share entails. In 2022, we continued our efforts to improve the liquidity of the POSR share. Our responsibility to investors is reflected in our cooperation and in setting up a twoway relationship using various communication tools. In 2022, we carried out activities that we adjusted to current restrictions and recommended measures: • We attended investor and analyst conferences in person and via videoconference, and participated

in webcasts organised by the Ljubljana Stock Exchange. We strengthened our brand among international institutional investors through presentations

at investment conferences, maintaining a focus on long-term investors.

  • We participated twice in the Trade on the Stock Exchange event, where we introduced ourselves to prospective investors, highlighted the importance of good investing and contributed as a sponsor to the Ljubljana Stock Exchange event.
  • We responded via email and conference calls to requests by investors.
  • We extended the agreement on the provision of market-making services for the Sava Re share with the stock exchange member Interkapital Vrijednosni Papiri d.o.o. until 2024.
  • Following the announcement of our unaudited results, we held a press conference, at which we presented the Group's activities in the past year and informed the public about our plans for the future.
  • All shareholders, Slovenian and foreign, received our annual letter to shareholders by direct mail and were invited to the annual general meeting, where they could exercise their voting rights regarding Company matters.

• After each earnings announcement, we send an email newsletter to investors, shareholders and other members of the financial community who have subscribed to our investor communications to inform them of the press release.

We also keep investors, shareholders and other members of the financial community informed in a timely and regular manner on our official website www.sava-re.si, where we have an Investors section. It contains all the essential information on the POSR share price performance, key indicators, dividends, financial reports, analysis and a financial calendar. The website also features a calendar of past investment conferences as well as the material presented at these events. Also announced are the events we will be attending in the coming year.

We are available to investors, shareholders and analysts at the office of the management board and compliance at the phone number +386 1 47 50 200 and via email for investor relations at [email protected].

4 Report of the supervisory board15

The supervisory board of Sava Re d.d. (the Company or Sava Re) has prepared the following report in accordance with Article 282 of the Slovenian Companies Act.

In 2022, the supervisory board monitored the Company's operations and oversaw its management in a responsible manner. It periodically examined reports on various and select aspects of the business, passed appropriate resolutions and monitored their implementation. Individual issues were addressed in more detail by the relevant supervisory board committees, and, on the basis of their findings, the supervisory board adopted appropriate resolutions and recommendations.

The supervisory board acted within the framework of the powers and responsibilities conferred upon it by law, the Company's articles of association, and its rules of procedure.

COMPOSITION OF THE SUPERVISORY BOARD

The composition of the supervisory board changed in 2022. Mateja Živec completed her term of office on 31 December 2021, having resigned as a member of the supervisory board. In her place, the Sava Re workers' council appointed Edita Rituper for a term of office spanning from 1 January 2022 to 12 June 2023.

In 2022, the composition of the supervisory board was as follows: Davor Ivan Gjivoje Jr (chair), Keith William Morris (deputy chair), Klemen Babnik, Matej Gomboši, Andrej Gorazd Kunstek and Edita Rituper.

The size and composition of the supervisory board allow for effective discussion and the adoption of sound resolutions based on the broad range of expertise and experience provided by its members.

OPERATION OF THE SUPERVISORY BOARD

Nas
m
oši,

In its work and decision-making, the supervisory board is guided by the goals of the Company and the Sava Insurance Group as a whole. During meetings, the members express their opinions and positions and seek to reconcile any differences.

The supervisory board notes that the reports prepared by the management board for the supervisory board's own use, and that of its committees, were appropriate for a thorough examination of issues and that they complied with both the relevant laws and internal regulations. Meeting materials were provided in a timely manner, allowing the members sufficient time to prepare themselves for the consideration of agenda items. The Company's professional staff assisted in the conduct of the meetings and organised other supporting activities.

The supervisory board held 11 sessions during 2022, two of which were held by correspondence. All members attended all meetings convened during the two terms of office. Most of the meetings were held at the Company's head office. A member of the supervisory board who is unable to attend a session in person for legitimate reasons may attend by means of a video conference.

The members of the management board and the secretary of the supervisory board also participated in the discussions, whereas other professional staff assisted in certain agenda items.

During the year, the supervisory board discussed select and relevant aspects of the operations and activities of the Company and the Sava Insurance Group within its powers under Slovenian law and the Company's articles of association.

The major issues to which the supervisory board members paid particular attention in 2022 are outlined below:

Business plans of the Company and the Sava Insurance Group

At the end of 2022, the supervisory board considered the Strategy of the Sava Insurance Group for 2023– 2027 and the Business Plan of the Sava Insurance Group for 2023, and it gave its consent to both planning documents.

Financial reports – annual report

The supervisory board reviewed the unaudited financial statements of the Group and the Company for 2021, and it adopted the audited annual report of the Group and the Company for 2021, including the auditor's report and opinion on the 2021 annual report, and the supervisory board's own report on its activities in 2021.

Financial reports – interim reports

The supervisory board also periodically reviewed other select financial reports in 2022, in particular the unaudited financial reports of the Sava Insurance Group with the financial statements of Sava Re d.d. for January–March 2022, January–June 2022 and January– September 2022.

Investment

The supervisory board monitored asset management periodically and as part of the review of the annual report and interim financial reports of the Company and the Group.

Reinsurance operations and claims experience

The supervisory board was informed of the Company's reinsurance programme for the current year. Throughout 2022, the board was regularly updated by the management board on major loss events in the domestic and global markets, and on potential claims that could have a material impact on the Company.

Supervision of subsidiaries

In addition to overseeing the operations of Sava Re as the parent company of the Sava Insurance Group, the supervisory board actively monitored the performance of the Group's subsidiaries to the extent permitted by law.

Risk management system

Risk management function

The supervisory board monitored risk management periodically and as part of its review of the annual report and interim financial reports of the Company and the Group.

It took note of the risk report for the last quarter of 2021 and the risk reports for the first, second and third quarters of 2022. In March, it took note of the Joint Sava Insurance Group Own Risk and Solvency Assessment (ORSA) Report for 2022. The report covered select and relevant information on the own risk and solvency assessment of Zavarovalnica Sava d.d., Sava Re d.d. (the parent company) and the Sava Insurance Group.

At the end of 2022, the supervisory board approved the Risk Strategy of the Sava Insurance Group for 2023–2027.

Actuarial matters

In 2022, the supervisory board considered the actuarial function report of Sava Re d.d. for 2021, and it took note of the Sava Insurance Group non-life actuarial function report for 2021 and the Sava Insurance Group life actuarial function report for 2021.

Compliance monitoring

In 2022, the supervisory board of Sava Re took note of the annual report of the compliance function holder for 2021 and the annual work plan for 2022. It also took note of the compliance function holder's half-yearly report for the period from 1 January to 30 June 2022.

Internal audit

In 2022, the supervisory board oversaw the activities of the Company's internal audit department in accordance with its statutory powers. It also reviewed the internal audit report for the period from 31 October to 31 December 2021, and the annual report on internal auditing for 2021, including a quality assurance and improvement programme of the Company's internal audit department, and it drew up an opinion on the annual report, which was presented to the Company's general meeting of shareholders. It also considered quarterly internal audit reports for the periods ending on 31 March 2022, 30 June 2022 and 30 September 2022. In addition, it monitored the quarterly reports of the internal audit department on internal auditing of the Sava Insurance Group (Group Internal Audit). All reports prepared by the Company's internal audit department were presented by the head of the department.

The supervisory board considers the reports prepared by the internal audit to have been independent and objective, and that the internal auditor's recommendations and findings have been taken into account by the management board. It notes that the internal audit's reviews, based on their available resources, have not revealed any significant irregularities in the Company's operations. The supervisory board also notes that the internal audit department continuously monitors the development of the internal audit departments of Group subsidiaries, providing them with professional support. In addition, it also monitors the operations of these companies and has not detected any major irreg-

ularities.

At the end of 2022, the supervisory board considered and approved the strategic plan of the internal audit department for 2023–2027 and the annual work plan

of the internal audit department for 2023.

In accordance with the International Standards on Internal Auditing, the supervisory board approved the proposed bonus for the head of the internal audit department relating to her individual performance in 2021.

Joint statement of key function holders

The supervisory board took note of the joint statement of all key function holders of the Group and the Company for 2021, including the opinion that all key risk areas were adequately managed and their functions were aligned to ensure complete coverage of the risks to which the Company and the Group were exposed.

Solvency II policies

In 2022, the supervisory board also took note of the update on the periodic review of Solvency II policies, discussing individual policies and giving its consent to the proposed amendments.

Calling and holding the general meeting of shareholders

The supervisory board, together with the management board, called the Company's general meeting of shareholders once in 2022, for 23 June 2022.

Preparing election proposals for the general meeting

In 2022, the supervisory board prepared a proposal for the general meeting on the appointment of an audit firm for the next three years, based on the recommendation of the audit committee, which carried out a selection process. The proposal for the appointment of the external auditor was approved by the annual general meeting in 2022.

Personnel matters

Succession planning

In 2022, the supervisory board took note of the periodic report on succession planning for the members of the management bodies of Sava Insurance Group companies.

Nomination procedures

In the spring of 2022, the Sava Re supervisory board, assisted by the relevant committees, undertook a nomination process for the reappointment of Polona Pirš Zupančič, member of the management board, and it unanimously voted to reappoint her for another term. The new five-year term as a member of the management board of Sava Re started on 15 January 2023.

In the autumn of 2022, the supervisory board of Sava Re, with the expert support of the relevant committees and an external human resources expert, carried out a nomination procedure, which resulted in the appointment of David Benedek as the fourth member of the management board. David Benedek was appointed for a term of five years, commencing on the next business day following receipt of the Insurance Supervision Agency's decision to grant David Benedek a licence to act as a member of the management board.

Remuneration of members of management and supervisory bodies

Remuneration policy and remuneration report In accordance with the Slovenian Companies Act, in 2022 the management and supervisory boards submitted to the Sava Re general meeting of shareholders the Remuneration Policy for Members of Management and Supervisory Bodies of Sava Re d.d. and the Directors' Remuneration Report of Sava Re d.d. for the Financial Year 2021. The general meeting approved the 2021 directors' remuneration report. The consultative resolution to approve the remuneration policy was not approved, with additional (and routine) revisions still required at the time. The Company will, therefore, again submit a revised and completed policy to the shareholders for consideration at the next ordinary general meeting of Sava Re in 2023.

Variable remuneration of the management board in 2021

In 2022, the supervisory board adopted a resolution on the payment of variable remuneration to the members of the management board for business and individual performance in 2021, in accordance with the internal methodology for determining the variable remuneration of the management board members.

Payment of the retained portion of variable remuneration to management board members

In accordance with the applicable internal rules for determining the variable remuneration of the management board members, in 2022, the supervisory board approved the payment of the retained portion of the variable pay for the previous financial years to Jošt Dolničar (at the end of his 2018–2022 term of office), Marko Jazbec (at the end of his 2017–2022 term of office), and Polona Pirš Zupančič (at the end of her 2018–2023 term of office).

Adoption of internal regulations

In April and August 2022, the supervisory board approved the amendments to the Act on the Management Board. In September 2022, it took note of the information on the revision of the Sustainable Investment Policy of the Sava Insurance Group. In December 2022, it confirmed the Sustainable Development Policy of the Sava Insurance Group.

Consideration of additional reports

Benchmark analyses

The supervisory board took note of benchmark analyses for 2021, specifically on the performance of insurance groups in Slovenia and on reinsurance markets. It also discussed the benchmark analysis on solvency and financial position reports in the insurance industry for 2021.

Impact of inflation on claims

Because of the expected rebound of motor claim frequency back up to pre-pandemic levels, combined with rising inflation, pushing up claim amounts and claims provisions, the supervisory board was presented with periodic reports in 2022 on the impact of claims inflation on the non-life portfolio and on the measures taken to limit this impact on the performance of the Group's largest insurance subsidiary.

Information security

The supervisory board took note of the management board's report on cyber risk management.

Monitoring corporate finance projects

The management board kept the supervisory board informed of developments in corporate finance projects.

Monitoring other projects

The supervisory board took note of the management board's report on the implementation of IFRS 17 and IFRS 9 and the preliminary calculations under the new accounting standards and the transition arrangements for moving to these new standards.

Overseeing the work of supervisory board committees

In March 2022, the supervisory board considered the 2021 risk committee report and the 2021 audit committee report. It also assessed the quality of the work of the two committees. At each meeting, it monitored the committee' activities through reports and meeting minutes.

Correspondence with market regulators

As part of the periodic risk reports, the supervisory board reviewed reports on correspondence between the Company and the Insurance Supervision Agency, other market regulators, and inspection authorities.

Strengthening supervisory board best practices

In line with best practice, the members of the supervisory board complete questionnaires upon taking office and annually thereafter, including a declaration that they have no conflicts of interest. In 2022, all the members of the supervisory board and its committees declared themselves to be independent. The declarations were noted by the supervisory board. The Company publishes the declarations of the supervisory board on its website.

In accordance with good practice, in 2022 the supervisory board evaluated its composition, its functioning, and the work of its individual members, and the supervisory board as a whole, including its cooperation with the management board.

OPERATION OF SUPERVISORY BOARD COMMITTEES

AUDIT COMMITTEE

In accordance with statutory requirements, the Company's supervisory board has established an audit committee to deal with accounting, financial and auditing matters.

Terms of reference

The duties and powers of the audit committee of the supervisory board are laid down by the Slovenian Companies Act, its rules of procedure and those of the supervisory board, and other autonomous legal acts (e.g., recommendations for audit committees).

Composition in 2022

The term of office of each audit committee member is limited by the term of office of the supervisory board.

In 2022, the audit committee comprised the following members: Matej Gomboši (chair), Andrej Gorazd Kunstek, Katarina Sitar Šuštar (external member) and Dragan Martinović (external member).

Operation in 2022

The audit committee met a total of 12 times in 2022. All the members attended all the sessions.

The main responsibilities of the audit committee in 2022 are set out below.

Overseeing the integrity of financial information

The audit committee monitored the integrity of financial information. The committee focused mainly on overseeing the financial reporting processes. In this respect, it made recommendations and suggestions on materials for supervisory board meetings to adhere as much as possible to relevant professional standards and appropriate reporting principles, such as completeness, transparency and consistency of reporting.

Monitoring the efficiency and effectiveness of internal controls and internal audit

The audit committee monitored the efficiency and effectiveness of internal controls and internal audit activities based on the annual and quarterly internal audit reports, and it assessed the adequacy of the strategic internal audit plan and the annual internal audit work plan. In addition, it monitored the quarterly reports of the internal audit department on internal auditing of the EU-based Group companies (Group Internal Audit). It also reviewed the quality assurance and improvement programme of the Company's internal audit department and the department's self-assessment for 2021. It considered the proposal for individual-performance-based pay for the head of the internal audit department for 2021. The audit committee also conducted an interview with the head of the internal audit department, in accordance with the International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing.

Overseeing the risk governance framework

In line with the Company's corporate governance system (the supervisory board having established a separate risk committee), the audit committee oversaw the effectiveness and efficiency of the risk management framework by taking note of the minutes of the work and findings of the risk committee of the Sava Re supervisory board.

The audit committee also took note of the report on the regular annual review of the Solvency II policies for 2022.

Monitoring the statutory audit of separate and consolidated financial statements

Statutory audit of financial statements

During 2022, the audit committee met several times with the selected external auditor, monitored the audit of the separate and consolidated financial statements and took note of the post-audit management letter and the additional auditor's report in relation to the audit of the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2021 (KPMG). It also took note of the results of the auditor's review of compliance with the

ESEF Directive (KPMG) and the findings of the review of the absolute level of net assets as required by the local regulators of Brazil and Argentina (KPMG).

Assessing the quality of the external auditor In accordance with the internal methodology for assessing the quality of the external auditor, the audit committee carried out a quality assessment process of the external auditor of the 2021 annual report (KPMG).

Independence of the auditor of the Company's annual report

The audit committee took note of the internal policy on ensuring the independence of the external auditor, which was adopted by the management board at the committee's initiative. Based on quarterly management board reports on non-audit services provided by the audit firms, the audit committee assessed the independence of the auditor of the annual report of the Company and the Group. It also noted the report on the recruitment of the members of the Group's auditor's team. For the purpose of monitoring the independence of the external auditor, the audit committee reviewed and approved the proposed:

  • contract with the external auditor for the review of the directors' remuneration report for 2021 (KPMG),
  • contract for the review of the solvency and financial conditions report for the financial years 2022– 2024 (Deloitte),
  • contract for the review of the remuneration report for the financial years 2022–2024 (Deloitte),
  • contract for the performance of agreed-upon procedures for the financial years 2022–2024 (auditor's report on Sava Re's net assets exceeding the absolute minimum amount set by the local regulators (Brazil and Argentina) (Deloitte)).

Selection procedure for the auditor of the Company's annual report

The audit committee, assisted by an internal committee, conducted a selection process and prepared a report to the supervisory board on which audit firm to propose to the Sava Re general meeting for the audit of the financial statements for the financial years 2022–2024.

Preparation of the contract between the auditor and the Company

The audit committee reviewed the proposed contract with the new external auditor for the audit of the financial statements for the financial years 2022–2024 (i.e., Deloitte) and proposed to the supervisory board that the contract be signed.

Setting audit focus areas

The audit committee took note of the 2022 audit plan (Deloitte) and, among other things, participated in setting the audit focus areas. In December 2022, it also took note of the external auditor's report following the pre-audit of the 2022 financial statements (Deloitte).

In October 2022, the audit committee submitted a completed questionnaire to the Agency for Public Oversight of Auditing regarding the assessment of the functioning of audit committees as part of the requirement to monitor the development of the market for the provision of statutory audit services to public interest entities. The questionnaire was prepared by the Committee of European Auditing Oversight Bodies (CEAOB), of which the agency is a member.

Performing other tasks

In 2022, the audit committee also performed other tasks: it prepared a report on its work in 2021 for the supervisory board. It took note of the periodic management report on the progress of the IFRS 17 and IFRS 9 project and the preliminary financial statements in accordance with the new standards. It also took note of a progress report on the strategic goals set in IT transformation and digitalisation, and customer-centricity. The audit committee quarterly reviewed in detail the management board's reports on correspondence with the Insurance Supervision Agency, other market regulators and inspection authorities. It also confirmed its work plan for 2023.

Further strengthening audit committee best practices

The audit committee carried out a self-assessment of the quality of its work and reported to the supervisory board. The committee in turn took note of the assessment of the quality of its work carried out by the supervisory board in 2022. It also took note of the information on the fit and proper assessment of its members and on the assessment of the competence of the audit committee as a whole, both of which were carried out in 2022, in accordance with the internal fit and proper policy for relevant personnel. All the members of the audit committee signed an annual declaration of their independence, which was also noted by the supervisory board.

Conclusions

The chair of the audit committee reported regularly to the supervisory board on the work and positions of the audit committee. The supervisory board regularly reviewed the minutes of the committee's meetings.

The supervisory board is of the opinion that the audit committee thoroughly considered relevant issues within its terms of reference and provided the supervisory board with professional assistance in the form of opinions and proposals.

The supervisory board also believes that the composition of the audit committee is appropriate and that the members have the professional and personal qualities to maintain a high level of quality and independence in their work.

Furthermore, the supervisory board is of the opinion that the audit committee received appropriate support in carrying out its work.

RISK COMMITTEE

The supervisory board believes that identifying and managing risk is an essential part of good governance and has therefore set up a risk committee to monitor risk developments and provide advice and support to the supervisory board on risk-related matters.

Terms of reference

The risk committee performs its duties in accordance with the resolutions of the supervisory board, the Solvency II Directive, its rules of procedure, the rules of procedure of the supervisory board, the Insurance Act, the Corporate Governance Code for Listed Companies, and other applicable risk management regulations.

Composition in 2022

The term of office of each member of the risk committee is limited by the term of office of the supervisory board.

The composition of the risk committee in 2022 was as follows: Keith William Morris (chair), Davor Ivan Gjivoje Jr., Slaven Mićković (external member) and Janez Komelj (external member). The membership of Slaven Mićković in the risk committee was temporarily suspended during 2022 to avoid any conflict of interest while he undertook a project for Sava Re.

Operation in 2022

The risk committee met seven times in 2022. All the members attended all meetings convened in 2022. Slaven Mićković did not attend any risk committee meetings in 2022 for reason outlined above.

Major activities of the risk committee in 2022:

Overseeing the operation of the risk management system

The risk committee focused on overseeing the risk management system, primarily in terms of its reliability, effectiveness, and efficiency. It assessed the adequacy of the risk management system in place.

It reviewed in detail all risk management documents submitted to it or that the supervisory board is charged with approving:

  • the quarterly risk reports of the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re for the periods ending on 31 December 2021, 31 March 2022, 30 June 2022 and 30 September 2022;
  • a joint own risk and solvency assessment (ORSA) report of the Zavarovalnica Sava, Sava Re and the Sava Insurance Group for 2022;
  • annual reports on the capital adequacy calculations under Solvency II and solvency and financial condition reports of the Company and the Group for 2021 (Company SFCR and Group SFCR);
  • the risk strategy of the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re for 2023–2027.

The risk committee also took note of the report on the regular annual review of the Solvency II policies for 2022. It noted the amendments to the risk management policy and gave a favourable opinion on the proposed amendments.

It discussed in detail the comparative analysis of solvency and financial position reports in the insurance industry for 2021.

Performing other tasks

The risk committee also performed other tasks in 2022: It prepared a report on its work in 2021 for the supervisory board. It independently examined the first report on claims inflation for the non-life portfolio of Zavarovalnica Sava. During the supervisory board

meetings that the external committee member Janez Komelj was also invited to, the committee took note of a model for monitoring inflation in the non-life portfolio of Zavarovalnica Sava. It also discussed in detail a progress report on the development of a model for allocating capital to business segments. The risk committee took note of the report prepared by Slaven Mićković on macroeconomic scenarios projections of gross written premiums for the 2023–2027 strategy period. At the end of the year, the committee took note of the management board's status report on this project and noted that the project would be completed by 31 December 2022 and that Slaven Mićković would be able to resume his duties as a member of the risk committee, as from 1 January 2023. The committee took note of the report on the key risks of the Sava Insurance Group in 2023–2027, the report on the progress of the IFRS 17 implementation project, and the preliminary financial statements in accordance with the new standard. The committee also confirmed its work plan for 2023, including a schedule of sessions.

Further strengthening risk committee best practices

The risk committee carried out a self-assessment of the quality of its work and reported to the supervisory board. The committee in turn took note of the assessment of the quality of its work carried out by the supervisory board in 2022. It also took note of the information on the fit and proper assessment of its members and on the assessment of the competence of the risk committee as a whole, both of which were carried out in 2022, in accordance with the internal fit and proper policy for relevant personnel. All the members of the risk committee signed an annual declaration of their independence, which was also noted by the supervisory board.

Conclusions

The chairman of the risk committee reported regularly to the supervisory board on the committee's work. The supervisory board regularly reviewed the minutes of the committee's meetings.

The supervisory board believes that the composition of the risk committee is appropriate and that the members have the professional and personal qualities to perform its duties with quality and independence. The supervisory board also considers that the risk committee received appropriate support to carry out its work.

NOMINATIONS AND REMUNERATION COMMITTEE

In accordance with the Corporate Governance Code for Listed Companies, the supervisory board has established a nominations and remuneration committee as a permanent special committee to make proposals on the selection criteria and the selection of candidates for the management and supervisory boards and assist the supervisory board in other areas where conflicts of interest may arise among the members of the supervisory board.

Terms of reference

The nominations and remuneration committee operates in accordance with the resolutions of the supervisory board, the Solvency II Directive, the rules of procedure of the supervisory board, the Insurance Act, and the Corporate Governance Code for Listed Companies.

Composition in 2022

The term of office of each committee member is limited by the term of office of the supervisory board.

In 2022, the composition of the nominations and remuneration committee was as follows: Klemen Babnik (chair), Davor Ivan Gjivoje Jr, Keith William Morris, Matej Gomboši and Andrej Gorazd Kunstek.

Operation in 2022

The nominations and remuneration committee met five times in 2022. All the members attended all committee meetings.

The nominations and remuneration committee conducted a performance evaluation of the management board for 2021, on the basis of which the supervisory board adopted a resolution regarding a bonus linked to the performance of the Sava Insurance Group.

The nominations and remuneration committee reviewed in detail the management board's report on the succession policy for the senior management of Sava Insurance Group companies.

It discussed the proposed updates to the act on the management board and recommended that the supervisory board approve them.

It considered the proposal for the Directors' Remuneration Report of Sava Re d.d. for 2021 (Article 294b of the Slovenian Companies Act ZGD-1) and the Remuneration Policy for Members of Management and Supervisory Bodies of the Sava Insurance Group (Article 294a of the Slovenian Companies Act – ZGD-1), which were subsequently submitted by the management and supervisory boards and the general meeting.

In the autumn of 2022, after conducting a nomination procedure, the committee prepared a proposal to the supervisory board regarding the candidate to be appointed as the fourth member of the management board of Sava Re.

At the end of 2022, after extensive discussion, the nominations and remuneration committee proposed that the supervisory board approve the proposed personal objectives for the chairman and each member of the management board for 2023.

The chairman of the nominations and remuneration committee reported regularly to the supervisory board on the work of the committee. The supervisory board regularly reviewed the minutes of the committee's meetings.

FIT AND PROPER COMMITTEE

In accordance with the law and the Company's fit and proper policy, the management and supervisory boards have appointed a dedicated fit and proper committee for the fit and proper assessment of the management board and the supervisory board, including all its committees, and the members of these bodies.

Terms of reference

The fit and proper committee operates in accordance with the resolutions of the supervisory board, the Solvency II Directive, the rules of procedure of the supervisory board, the Insurance Act, the Corporate Governance Code for Listed Companies and the recommendations of the Insurance Supervision Agency.

Composition in 2022

The term of office of each committee member is limited by the term of office of the supervisory board.

The composition of the fit and proper committee in 2022 was as follows: Keith William Morris (chair), Klemen Babnik, Rok Saje (compliance officer), and Klara Hauko (director of human resources management).

Operation in 2022

The fit and proper committee met three times in 2022. All the members attended all the sessions.

In April 2022, the committee carried out a fit and proper assessment of a candidate for reappointment to the management board. At the same time, it carried out a regular annual fit and proper assessment of all incumbent members of the management board and the supervisory board, including its committees. It also conducted its periodic fit and proper assessment of the aforementioned management and supervisory bodies

as collective bodies.

In May 2022, following the departure of Jošt Dolničar to head the management board of a subsidiary, the committee reassessed the competence of the management board of Sava Re as a collective body of three members and adopted the assessment that the management board continues to be suitably qualified and that the new composition also ensures a sufficient diversity of qualifications, knowledge and relevant experience for the professional management of the Company.

In December 2022, the committee carried out a fit and proper assessment of David Benedek as a candidate for the management board and adopted a positive assessment. At that time, it also assessed the competence of the future four-member management board as a collective body.

The chairman of the fit and proper committee reported regularly to the supervisory board on the committee's work. The supervisory board regularly reviewed the minutes of the committee's meetings.

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CONCLUDING FINDINGS

Once the pandemic subsided in 2022, global markets faced a severe geopolitical and economic situation. This presented the Sava Insurance Group with new challenges. The supervisory board notes that the advanced risk management system, timely actions, capital strength and customer focus enabled the Sava Insurance Group to achieve virtually all the goals set in its plan for the 2022 financial year, despite the difficult business environment. This assessment of the supervisory board is also based on the report of the independent auditor on the financial statements of Sava Re d.d and the Sava Insurance Group for 2022, and those of the key function holders of the Company's risk control system.

In 2022, the Sava Insurance Group completed the 2020–2022 strategy period, during which it successfully achieved its strategic goals. The Group adopted a strategy for 2023–2027, which continues in the same direction.

In 2023, the supervisory board will also pay particular attention to overseeing the management of risks arising from business operations, taking into account the challenging geopolitical situation. In 2023, in addition to its day-to-day responsibilities, it will focus in particular on monitoring the implementation of the new five-year strategy and the 2023 business plan.

The supervisory board will give its in-depth support to the management board within the scope of its possibilities and defined powers.

ANNUAL REPORT 2022

The Company's management board submitted the Audited Annual of the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re d.d. for 2022 for approval to the supervisory board. The audit committee of the supervisory board has reviewed the unaudited and the audited annual reports of the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re d.d. for the year ended 31 December 2022, including the auditor's pre-audit report to the management, the auditor's letter to the management on the audit, and the additional auditor's report to the audit committee on the audit of the financial statements as at 31 December 2022, prepared in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation (EU) no. 537/2014, together with the committee's opinion thereon. In accordance with its powers, the supervisory board examined the audited annual report at its meeting on 22 March 2023.

The supervisory board notes that the annual report for 2022 is clear and extensive, and complies with the content and disclosure requirements of the Companies Act, International Financial Reporting Standards and Insurance Act with its implementing regulations.

The supervisory board has also noted the opinion of the auditor Deloitte Revizija d.o.o., Dunajska cesta 165, 1000 Ljubljana, which audited the 2022 annual report of the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re d.d. and carried out audit reviews in all of the Group's subsidiary companies. The supervisory board is of the opinion that there is nothing to add to the positive opinion of the authorised auditor Deloitte, who finds that the consolidated and separate financial statements provide, in all material respects, a fair view of the financial position of the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re d.d. as at 31 December 2022, and their profit or loss, other comprehensive income and cash flows for the year then ended, in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, as adopted by the European Union.

Based on its review of the 2022 annual report, as well as based on the opinion of the external auditor and on the opinion of the audit committee, the supervisory board is of the opinion that the annual report gives a true and fair view of the assets and liabilities, financial position, profit or loss, and cash flows of the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re d.d.

The supervisory board hereby approves the Audited Annual Report of the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re d.d. for 2022, as submitted by the management board.

DETERMINATION OF AND PROPOSAL FOR APPROPRIATION OF DISTRIBUTABLE PROFIT OF SAVA RE

The supervisory board has also reviewed the management board's proposal for the appropriation of the distributable profit as at 31 December 2022, subject to final approval by the general meeting of shareholders of Sava Re. The supervisory board of Sava Re d.d. gives its consent to the management board's proposal to the general meeting regarding the appropriation of the distributable profit as at 31 December 2022 of EUR 41,790,617.92: EUR 24,796,313.60 to be appropriated for dividends and the remaining part of the distributable profit of EUR 16,994,304.32 to be left unallocated as retained earnings. Thus, the proposed gross dividend per share is set at EUR 1.60.

The supervisory board proposes that the general meeting of shareholders grant discharge to the management board for the financial year 2022.

Davor Ivan Gjivoje, jr.

Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Sava Re d.d.

Ljubljana, 22 March 2023

5 Corporate governance statement16

5.1 Corporate governance policy

In December 2020, the Sava Re management board, with the consent of the Company's supervisory board, adopted the revised Sava Insurance Group Governance Policy, and the revised Corporate Governance Policy of Sava Re d.d. in August 2021. The documents set out the main subsidiary governance principles for the Sava Insurance Group, governance rules for Sava Re, taking into account the goals, mission, vision and values of the Sava Insurance Group. The policies represent a commitment for future action. The corporate governance policy of Sava Re is available through the Ljubljana Stock Exchange Seonet information system and from the Company's website.

5.2 Statement of compliance with the Corporate Governance Code for Listed Companies

As a public limited company, Sava Re's reference code in 2022 was the Corporate Governance Code for Listed Companies adopted by the Ljubljana Stock Exchange, the Slovenian Directors' Association and the Managers' Association of Slovenia on 9 December 2021. It is available in Slovenian and English from the website of the Ljubljana Stock Exchange.

The management and the supervisory boards of Sava Re hereby state that Sava Re operates in compliance with the Code, with individual deviations that are disclosed and explained below.

5.2.1 Corporate governance statement

Recommendation 5.6: External assessment of adequacy of corporate governance statement

The Company has yet to ensure an external assessment of the adequacy of the corporate governance statement. The Company intends to carry out an external assessment of the corporate governance statement in the next strategy period.

5.2.2 Remuneration policy and remuneration report for members of management and supervisory bodies17

Recommendation 6.1: Designing a remuneration policy

A remuneration policy and a remuneration report for the members of the management and supervisory bodies were presented to the 38th general meeting of shareholders of Sava Re held on 23 June 2022. As the remuneration policy was not approved at the general meeting, an amended policy will be considered at the next general meeting in 2023 (scheduled for 5 June 2023).

Sava Re issues this corporate governance statement in accordance with Article 70(5) of the Slovenian Companies Act and the recommendations of the Corporate Governance Code for Listed Companies. The corporate governance statement is a section of the business report as part of the Audited Annual Report of the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re d.d. for 2022. It covers the period from 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2022 and additionally discloses significant events after this period until its publication. The statement is available in electronic form for at least five years from the date of its publication on the website of the Ljubljana Stock Exchange d.d., in the SEOnet information system (http://seonet.ljse.si) and on the Company's official website (http://www.sava-re.si).

16 GRI 2-23.

5.2.3 Relations with shareholders

Recommendation 8.2: Encouragement of major shareholders to publicly disclose their investment policy with regard to their shareholding in Sava Re.

In Sava Re's general meeting notice in 2023 (scheduled to be held on 5 June 2023), the Company will for the first time include an invitation to shareholders (in particular institutional investors and the government) to publicly disclose their investment policy regarding their shareholding in Sava Re, e.g. their voting policy, the nature and frequency of their engagement in governance activities and the dynamics of their communication with the Company's management and supervisory bodies.

Recommendation 10.1: Holding general meetings electronically

The Company has not yet provided for the possibility of attending and voting at the general meeting by electronic means without physical presence. The Company intends to amend its internal rules (articles of association and rules of procedure for the general meeting) during the next strategy period.

5.2.4 Nadzorni svet

Recommendation 14.4: Duties of the Supervisory board / Consideration of the workers' council report

The Company put the 2022 works council report on the agenda of the supervisory board in 2023.

Recommendation 14.6: Duties of the supervisory board / Supervisory board members' access to the archives after the end of their term of office

In 2023, the Company will amend the rules of procedure of the supervisory board to include a provision on the access of members to the supervisory board's archives after the end of their terms of office

Recommendation 16.4: Evaluation of the supervisory board

The supervisory board does not perform periodic external assessments of its evaluation. The Company intends to perform periodic external assessments of the evaluation of the supervisory board during the next strategy period.

Recommendation 18.4: Supervisory board committees / Term of office of an external member of a committee not tied to term of office of supervisory board

In the Company, the terms of office of all committee members are tied to the term of office of the supervisory board. For practical reasons – because of the complexity of fit and proper assessment procedures – upon the appointment of new committee members and upon their reappointment, the terms of office of the external committee members are tied to the terms of office of the supervisory board.

5.2.5 Transparency in operations / Public disclosure of significant information

Recommendation 32.7: Public disclosure of the rules of procedure of management bodies

The Company has published the rules of procedure of both the general meeting and the supervisory board on its website, but has not published those of the management board, as this is an internal procedural document.

5.3 Bodies of Sava Re18

Management system

Sava Re has a two-tier management system with a management board that conducts the business and a supervisory board that oversees operations. The governing bodies – the general meeting, and the supervisory and management boards – act in compliance with laws, regulations, the articles of association and internal rules. The Company's articles of association, the rules of procedure of both the general meeting and the supervisory board are posted on the Company's website.

The risk management system is a cornerstone of strong governance. The management board ensures the effectiveness of this system. Rules of the risk management systems and own risk and solvency assessment rules are set out in detail in the Company's internal regulations.

The Company has certain functions integrated into the organisational structure and decision-making processes. These are the risk management function, internal audit function, actuarial function and compliance function, defined by applicable law as the key functions of the governance system (hereinafter: key functions). They are integrated in order to strengthen the three lines-of-defence framework in the Company's control system. Rules governing individual key functions are set out in detail in the Company's internal regulations.

5.3.1 General meeting of shareholders

The general meeting of shareholders is the supreme body of the Company through which shareholders exercise their rights in company matters. The terms of reference of the general meeting are governed by its rules of procedure, which are posted on the Company's website.

Convening the general meeting

The general meeting of shareholders, through which the shareholders of Sava Re exercise their rights in the affairs of the Company, is convened at least once a year, and no later than in August. The general meeting may be convened in other cases as provided by law, the Company's articles of association, and whenever this is in the interest of the Company. As a rule, the general meeting is convened by the management board. In the cases stipulated by law, it may be convened by the supervisory board or shareholders.

The Company publishes general meeting notices through the SEOnet system provided by the Ljubljana Stock Exchange, through the AJPES website and on the Company's official website, at www.sava-re.si; in printed form in one daily newspaper as provided for in the articles of association, in Delo or Dnevnik, or in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia.

Participation in the general meeting

To attend the general meeting and exercise voting rights, shareholders must send the Company a registration form no later than by the end of the fourth day prior to the session of the general meeting and must be registered holders of shares listed in the central register of book-entry securities at the end of the seventh day prior to the session of the general meeting.

The conditions of participation or exercise of voting rights at the general meeting must be set out in detail in the notice of the general meeting.

Adoption of resolutions

General meeting resolutions are adopted by a majority of votes cast (simple majority), unless a larger majority or other requirements are stipulated by law or the articles of association.

Exercise of voting rights

Shareholders may exercise their voting rights in the general meeting according to their share of the Company's share capital. Each no-par-value share with voting rights carries one vote. Voting rights can be exercised by proxy based on a written proxy form, or through financial organisations or shareholder associations.

Own shares carry no voting rights.

The general meeting in 2022

The general meeting of shareholders was convened once in 2022.

In accordance with the Company's 2022 financial calendar, the 38th general meeting of shareholders was held on 23 June 2022. Among other things, the general meeting was presented with the annual report for 2021, including the auditor's opinion and the written report of the supervisory board to the annual report, and the annual report on internal auditing for 2021 with the opinion of the supervisory board thereto. The general meeting received the management board's report on own shares. At the 38th general meeting, the shareholders adopted the proposal of the management and supervisory boards to use EUR 23,246,544.00 of the distributable profits for dividends. The dividend of EUR 1.50 gross per share was paid out on 12 July 2022 to the shareholders listed in the shareholders' register on 11 July 2022. The shareholders granted discharge to the management and supervisory boards for 2021. The general meeting appointed the audit firm Deloitte Revizija d.o.o., Dunajska 165, 1000 Ljubljana, as auditor for the financial years 2022, 2023 and 2024. In 2022, taking into account the provisions of Article 294a and 294b of the Companies Act, Sava Re prepared a revised remuneration policy for the management and supervisory bodies and for the first time also prepared a separate report on the remuneration of the members of the management and supervisory bodies19. Both documents were presented to the general meeting of shareholders in accordance with the applicable legislation. At the 38th general meeting, the shareholders approved the report on the remuneration of the members of the management and supervisory bodies of Sava Re d.d. for the financial year 2021, whereas the consultative vote on the resolution to approve the remuneration policy for the members of the management and supervisory bodies of Sava Re d.d. was not carried. Sava Re's remuneration policy is in compliance with the law and is in force. The remuneration report and the remuneration policy were also published on the Company's website immediately after the 38th general meeting and will remain there for at least ten years. The Company will put the updated policy on the agenda of the next ordinary general meeting of the shareholders of Sava Re, which will be convened in 2023 (scheduled for 5 June 2023).

No legal actions to challenge any general meeting resolutions were announced in the general meeting.

5.3.2 Supervisory board

The supervisory board oversees the Company's conduct of business and appoints the members of the management board.

Pursuant to the Company's articles of association and the applicable legislation, the supervisory board is composed of six members, of which four (shareholder representatives) are elected by the Company's general meeting, and two (employee representatives) are elected by the workers' council, which informs the general meeting of its decisions. Supervisory board members are appointed for a term of up to four years and may be re-elected. The supervisory board members elect a chairperson from among the board's members.

The supervisory board is composed in such a manner as to ensure responsible oversight and decision-making in the best interest of the Company. Its composition takes account of diversity in terms of technical knowledge, experience and skills, and the way candidates complement each other so as to form a homogenous team and ensure a sound and prudent overseeing of the Company's affairs. In 2022, the Company sought to align the composition of the supervisory board with the Company's policy on the diversity of the management and supervisory boards. The Company's policy on diversity of the management and supervisory boards is posted on the Company's website.

In 2022, the gender balance on the supervisory board was 16.67% women and 83.33% men. Implementation of the policy on the diversity of the management and supervisory boards in 2022 is detailed below.

Terms of reference and operation of the supervisory board

The supervisory board must comply with applicable regulations, particularly the laws on companies, insurance business, the Company's articles of association and the rules of procedure of the supervisory board. In accordance with the law, the supervisory board must

be convened at least on a quarterly basis, generally after the end of each quarter. If necessary, it may meet more frequently. The terms of reference of the supervisory board are governed by the Rules of Procedure of the Supervisory Board of Sava Re d.d., which are posted on the Company's website.

Remunerations, compensation and other benefits

Supervisory board members are entitled to remuneration for performing their function, attendance fees and reimbursement of expenses. The remuneration must not be directly linked to the Company's performance as demonstrated by the Company's financial statements. The amount of the above remuneration was set by resolution of the general meeting and is also regulated by the remuneration policy for the members of the management and supervisory bodies of Sava Re, which was submitted to the general meeting for approval at its 38th meeting (held on 23 June 2022). For more details of the remuneration policy, please refer to the section "General meeting in 2022".

The remuneration of the members of the supervisory board in 2022 is disclosed in more detail in section 17.10 "Related party disclosures" in the notes to the financial statements and in more detail in the report on the remuneration of the members of the management and supervisory bodies for 2022, which will be submitted as a separate document to the general meeting.

Commitment to identify the existence of any conflict of interest

Before taking office and afterwards periodically (annually) and upon each change, each supervisory board member signs and submits to the supervisory board a statement of their independence, thereby taking a position with respect to individual conflicts of interest, in accordance with the criteria set out in the Code. The statements of independence of the members of the Company's supervisory board are posted on the Company's website.

POSR holdings of supervisory board members

Supervisory board members report any acquisition or disposal of Company shares to the Company and relevant organisations, and Sava Re posts this information.

Details on POSR shares held by supervisory board members as at 31 December 2022 are provided in section 3 "Shareholders and share trading".

The supervisory board in 2022

In 2022, the supervisory board comprised the following members: Davor Ivan Gjivoje Jr, chair, Keith William Morris, deputy chair, Klemen Babnik, Matej Gomboši, Andrej Gorazd Kunstek and Edita Rituper.

5.3.3 Supervisory board committees

Pursuant to legislation, the Code and best practice, the supervisory board appoints one or more committees, tasking them with specific areas, the preparation of draft resolutions of the supervisory board, the implementation of resolutions of the supervisory board, thereby offering it professional support.

The Company has established the following supervisory board committees:

  • the audit committee,
  • the risk committee,
  • the nominations and remuneration committee,
  • the fit and proper committee.

Audit committee

The chief tasks of the audit committee are to:

  • oversee the integrity of financial information;
  • monitor the efficiency and effectiveness of internal controls, the operation of the internal audit department and risk management systems;
  • monitor the statutory audit of independent and consolidated financial statements;
  • perform other tasks assigned by a valid resolution of the supervisory board, in line with statutory requirements and best practices of comparable companies or insurance groups.

In 2022, the audit committee comprised the following members: Matej Gomboši (chair), Andrej Gorazd Kunstek, Katarina Sitar Šuštar (external member) and Dragan Martinović (external member).

Risk committee

The chief tasks of the risk committee are to:

  • assess the impact of various types of risk on economic and regulatory capital;
    • assess the Group's overall risk governance framework, including the risk management policy, the risk strategy, and monitoring of operational risk;
    • assess the appropriateness and adequacy of risk management documents to be approved by the supervisory board;
    • perform other tasks assigned by a resolution of the supervisory board, in line with statutory requirements and best practices of comparable companies or insurance groups.

In 2022, the risk committee comprised the following members: Keith William Morris (chair), Davor Ivan Gjivoje Jr., Slaven Mićković (external member) and Janez Komelj (external member).

The membership of Slaven Mićković has been suspended during 2022, due to his business relationship with the Company and any potential related conflicts of interest.

Nominations and remuneration committee

The chief tasks of the nominations and remuneration committee are to:

  • draft proposals for the supervisory board regarding the criteria for membership of the management board, and consider and draft proposals concerning nominations to be decided by the supervisory board;
  • preliminarily considering the proposal of the chair of

the management board regarding the composition of the management board and the Company's governance, and drawing up proposals for the supervisory board;

  • carry out the nomination procedure for candidates for membership of the supervisory board who are shareholder representatives;
  • provide support in drawing up and implementing a system for remuneration, reimbursements and other benefits for management board members.

In 2022, the nominations and remuneration committee comprised the following members: Klemen Babnik (chair), Davor Ivan Gjivoje Jr, Keith William Morris, Matej Gomboši and Andrej Gorazd Kunstek.

Fit and proper committee

The chief tasks of the fit & proper committee are to:

  • carry out procedures for assessing the competence of the supervisory board, supervisory board committees and the management board as collective bodies, and conduct fit and proper assessments of individual members of these bodies;
  • upon request from the Company's workers' council, to carry out a fit and proper assessment of any member of the supervisory board elected by the workers' council.

In 2022, the fit and proper committee comprised the following members: Keith William Morris, chair, Klemen Babnik, Rok Saje (compliance officer) in Klara Hauko (director of human resources management).

on
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Composition of the supervisory board in 2022

Full name Davor Ivan Gjivoje Jr Keith William Morris Klemen Babnik Matej Gomboši Andrej Gorazd Kunstek Edita Rituper
Function chairman deputy chair member member member member
Employment Networld, Inc./DGG Holdings, Ltd. & Subsidiaries,
89 Headquarters Plaza, North Tower (Suite 1420)
Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
retiree Ministry of Finance of the Republic of
Slovenia, Župančičeva ulica 3, 1000,
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Financial Administration of the Republic
of Slovenia, Šmartinska cesta 55, 1000
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Sava Re, d.d., Dunajska cesta 56, 1000
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Sava Re, d.d., Dunajska cesta 56, 1000
Ljubljana, Slovenia
First appointed 7 March 2017 15 July 2013 17 July 2021 17 July 2021 23 January 2013 1 January 2022
End of term of office 8 March 2025 17 July 2025 17 July 2025 17 July 2025 12 June 2023 12 June 2023
Representative of
shareholders/employees
of shareholders of shareholders of shareholders of shareholders of employees of employees
First appointed 7 March 2017 15 July 2013 17 July 2021 17 July 2021 23 January 2013 1 January 2022
End of term of office 8 March 2025 17 July 2025 17 July 2025 17 July 2025 12 June 2023 12 June 2023
Representative of
shareholders/employees
of shareholders of shareholders of shareholders of shareholders of employees of employees
Year of birth 1968 1948 1983 1975 1974 1966
Education B.A. in political science, master of science in
economics
B.Sc. in management sciences, specialised in
finance and marketing
university graduated lawyer doctoral degree in computing and
informatics
university graduated economist, master of
science in economics
graduate in economics
Professional profile strategic management, business administration,
management of equity investments, risk
management, insurance business
strategic management, business
administration, banking and insurance
business, risk management
business administration, leadership,
corporate governance, general legal affairs,
compliance monitoring
business administration, governance,
information technology, digitalisation, audit
insurance and reinsurance business,
actuarial affairs, governance
insurance business, governance, corporate
governance, sustainable development
Independence under the
Code
YES YES YES YES YES YES
Memberships in
committees and functions
• risk committee, member
• nominations and remuneration committee,
member
• risk committee, chair
• nominations and remuneration committee,
member
• fit and proper committee, chair
• nominations and remuneration
committee, chair
• fit and proper committee, member
• audit committee, chair
• nominations and remuneration
committee, member
• audit committee, member
• nominations and remuneration
committee, member
/
Attendance of committee
meetings
• risk committee: 7/7
• nominations and remuneration committee: 5/5
• risk committee: 7/7
• nominations and remuneration committee:
5/5
• fit and proper committee: 3/3
• nominations and remuneration
committee: 5/5
• fit and proper committee: 3/3
• audit committee: 12/12
• nominations and remuneration
committee: 5/5
• audit committee: 12/12
• nominations and remuneration
committee: 5/5
/
Notes on memberships
of management or
supervisory bodies of third
parties
Networld, Inc./DGG Holdings, Ltd. & Subsidiaries,
89 Headquarters Plaza, North Tower (Suite 1420)
Morristown, NJ 07960, USA – managing director
Adria Lines Dover, Delaware, USA – managing
director
Sava d.d., Dunajska 152, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia –
member of the supervisory board
Sava Turizem d.d., Dunajska 152, 1000 Ljubljana,
Slovenia – chairman of the supervisory board
HMS Victory Preservation Endowment
Fund Ltd, HM Naval Base (PP66)
Portsmouth Hampshire PO1 3NH, UK –
chairman of the board of directors
Sava d.d., Dunajska 152, 1000 Ljubljana,
Slovenia – member of the supervisory
board
Imark, Matej Gomboši, inštitut za
svetovanje in informatiko, s.p., Panonska
ulica 101, Beltinci, 9231 Beltinci, Slovenia –
founder
/ /

External member of supervisory board committees in 2022
--------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- -- -- --
Full name Katarina Sitar Šuštar Dragan Martinović Slaven Mićković Janez Komelj Rok Saje Klara Hauko
Supervisory board
committee
audit committee audit committee risk committee risk committee fit and proper committee fit and proper committee
First appointed 17 July 2021 17 July 2021 17 July 2021 17 July 2021 17 July 2021 17 July 2021
End of term of office 17 July 2025 17 July 2025 17 July 2025 17 July 2025 17 July 2025 17 July 2025
Attendance at meetings 12/12 12/12 0/7* 7/7 3/3 3/3
Gender F M M M M F
Nationality Slovenian Slovenian Slovenian Slovenian Slovenian Slovenian
Year of birth 1971 1959 1958 1954 1977 1972
Education university graduated economist, MBA university graduated economist master of mathematical sciences, doctor of
science in economics
master of economics, master of computer
science, doctor of science in economics
university graduated lawyer university graduated economist, MBA,
master of occupational psychology and
organisation
Professional profile audit, accounting, finance, taxation, banking
and insurance, corporate governance,
certified auditor
audit, accounting, finance, taxation,
commercial trade, certified auditor
banking, modelling, risk management insurance operations, actuarial affairs, risk
management
insurance operations, general legal affairs,
insurance law, compliance
human resources management and
development, work organisation
Employment University of Ljubljana, Faculty of
Economics, Kardeljeva Ploščad 17, 1000
Ljubljana, Slovenia
UHY Revizija in Svetovanje d.o.o., Vurnikova
2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Nova KBM d.d., Ulica Vita Kraigherja 4,
2000 Maribor, Slovenia
retiree Sava Re, d.d., Dunajska cesta 56, 1000
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Sava Re, d.d., Dunajska cesta 56, 1000
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Notes on memberships
of management or
supervisory bodies of third
parties
Vzajemna Zdravstvena Zavarovalnica, d.d.,
Vošnjakova Ulica 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
– audit committee member
Pošta Slovenije, d.o.o, Slomškov trg 10,
2500 Maribor, Slovenia – member of the
audit committee
Flat, Katarina Sitar Šuštar, s.p., Zaprice 6b,
1241 Kamnik, Slovenia – founder
Modra Zavarovalnica, d.d., Dunajska Cesta
119, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia – audit
committee member
Shramba d.o.o., Vilharjeva cesta 27, 1000
Ljubljana, Slovenia – founder in managing
director
UHY Revizija in Svetovanje, d.o.o.,
Vurnikova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia –
founder and holder of procuration
/ / / /

* The membership of Slaven Mićković has been suspended during 2022, due to his business relationship with the Company and any potential related conflicts of interest.

The operation of the supervisory board and its committees in 2022 is detailed in section 4 "Report of the supervisory board".

5.3.4 Management board

The management board runs the Company and represents it in public and legal matters. It is composed of at least two but no more than five members, of whom one is the chair. The chair and members of the management board are appointed by the supervisory board for a period of five years. Such appointments are renewable without limitations. The chairperson and all members of the management board are in regular employment on a full-time basis. The exact number of management board members and the areas for which they are responsible is laid down by the supervisory board in the "Act on the management board of Sava Re d.d."

The management board is composed in a manner to ensure responsible oversight and decision-making in the best interest of the Company. The management board's composition takes account of diversification of technical knowledge, experience and skills, and the way candidates complement each other so as to form a homogenous team and ensure sound and prudent conduct of the Company's business. In 2022, the Company sought to align the composition of the management board with the Company's policy on diversity of the management and supervisory boards.

The Company's policy on diversity of the management and supervisory boards is posted on the Company's website.

In 2022, the gender balance on the management board was 25% women and 75% men until 4 May 2022, and 33.33% women and 66.67% men from 5 May 2022. The implementation of the policy on diversity of the management board in 2022 is detailed below.

Terms of reference and operation of the management board

The management board operates in accordance with the applicable legislation, particularly the Slovenian Companies Act and the Insurance Act, as well as with the articles of association and the act on the management board and its rules of procedure. Terms of reference and operation of the management board are defined in more detail in the Rules of Procedure of the Management Board of Sava Re d.d.

Delimitation of competencies between the management and supervisory bodies is described in greater detail in the Corporate Governance Policy of Sava Re d.d., which is posted on the Company's website.

Remunerations, compensation and other

benefits

Remuneration of the management board members consists of a fixed and a variable component. The variable component of the salary of a management board member is composed of (1) business-performance-based pay, (2) individual-performance-based pay linked to the annual goals of each management board member and (3) board-performance-based pay linked to common goals of the management board. The variable component must not be determined so as to allow the rewarding of behaviour that encourages the exposure of the Company to uncontrolled risk. Remuneration, reimbursements and other benefits of management board members are set out in the employment contract made between the Company and each management board member. The methodology used to establish both the variable pay as well as the amount of the bonus of each management board member is adopted by the supervisory board. Sava Re prepared an update of its remuneration policy in 2022. For more details of the remuneration policy, please refer to the section "General meeting in 2022".

The remuneration of the members of the management board in 2022 is disclosed in more detail in section 17.10 "Related party disclosures" in the notes to the financial statements and in more detail in the report on the remuneration of the members of the management and supervisory bodies for 2022, which will be submitted as a separate document to the general meeting.

Share ownership

The management board members report any acquisition or disposal of the Sava Re shares to the Company and to the relevant institutions, which is then published by Sava Re.

Details on POSR shares held by management board members as at 31 December 2022 are provided in section 3 "Shareholders and share trading".

The management board in 2022

In 2022, the management board comprised the following members: Marko Jazbec, chairman, Polona Pirš Zupančič, Peter Skvarča and Jošt Dolničar (the latter until 4 May 2022).

The average age of the members of the management board is 49. All the members of the management board are citizens of the Republic of Slovenia.20

Composition of the management board in 2022

Full name Marko Jazbec Polona Pirš Zupančič Peter Skvarča Jošt Dolničar
Function chairman member member member (until 4 May 2022)
Work area at
management
board level
• coordination of work of the management board
• finance
• general, HR, organisational and legal affairs
• public relations
• compliance
• internal audit
• management of strategic investments in Slovenia
based subsidiaries (from 5 May 2022)
• information technology (from 5 May 2022)
• sustainable development (from 2 August 2022)
• corporate finance
• controlling
• accounting
• investor relations
• risk management
• actuarial affairs
• modelling (from 5 May 2022)
• development of reinsurance and reinsurance
underwriting, Group & non-Group
• reinsurance protection (retrocession), Group & non
Group
• development of reinsurance processes and technology
• reinsurance technical accounting
• management of strategic investments in the non
Slovenia-based subsidiaries (from 5 May 2022)
• management of strategic investments in direct insurance
subsidiaries carrying on non-life, life and pension business
• information technology
• innovation
First appointed 12 May 2017 14 January 2018 19 June 2020 31 December 2008
End of term of
office
13 May 2027 15 January 2028 19 June 2025 4 May 2022
Gender M F M M
Nationality Slovenian Slovenian Slovenian Slovenian
Year of birth 1970 1975 1975 1972
Education university graduated economist university graduated economist, master of
science in economics
university graduate in political sciences (international
relations), master's degree in European integration
university graduated lawyer
Professional
profile
banking, insurance business, finance, strategic
management, corporate governance, business
administration
insurance and reinsurance business, corporate
governance, controlling, accounting, risk
management, actuarial affairs, business
administration
insurance and reinsurance business, business
administration
insurance and reinsurance business, subsidiary governance,
IT and process technology, business administration
Notes on
memberships
of management
or supervisory
bodies of third
parties
Slovenian Insurance Association, GIZ, Železna cesta 14,
1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia – member of the association's
council
/ Tennis Association of Slovenia, Šmartinska 152, 1000
Ljubljana, Slovenia – member of the board of directors
Slovenian Rowing Federation, Župančičeva cesta 9, 4260
Bled, Slovenia – president of the executive board
Olympic Committee of Slovenia, member of the executive
board
Slovenian Insurance Association, GIZ, Železna cesta 14,
1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia – member of the association's
council (from 5 May 2022)
Nuclear pool, GIZ, Miklošičeva 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
– member of the supervisory board (from 5 May 2022)
Notes on
memberships
of management
or supervisory
bodies of related
parties
Illyria, sh. a., Sheshi Nëna Terezë 33, 10000 Pristina,
Kosovo – chair of the board of directors
Illyria Life, sh. a., Sheshi Nëna Terezë 33, 10000
Pristina, Kosovo – chair of the board of directors
Sava Osiguranje, a.d., UUlica Svetlane Kane Radević br.
1, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro – chair of the board
of directors
Zavarovalnica Sava, d.d., Ulica Eve Lovše 7, 2000
Maribor, Slovenia – chair of the supervisory board
Vita, Življenjska Zavarovalnica, d.d., Trg republike 3,
1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia – chair of the supervisory board
Sava Životno Osiguranje, a.d.o., Bulevar vojvode
Mišića 51, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia – chair of the
supervisory board
Sava Infond, Družba za Upravljanje, d.o.o., Ulica
Eve Lovše 7, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia – chair of
the supervisory board
Zavarovalnica Sava, d.d., Ulica Eve Lovše 7,
2000 Maribor, Slovenia – deputy chair of the
supervisory board
Sava Osiguruvanje, a.d., Ulica Zagrebška br. 28 A,
1000 Skopje, North Macedonia – non-executive
member of the board of directors
Sava Penzisko Društvo, a.d., Ulica Majka Tereza 1, 1000
Skopje, North Macednia – supervisory board member
Zavarovalnica Sava, d.d., Ulica Eve Lovše 7, 2000
Maribor, Slovenia – member of the supervisory board
Sava neživotno osiguranje, a.d., Bulevar vojvode Mišića
51, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia – chair of the board of
directors
Sava Pokojninska Družba, d.d., Ulica Eve Lovše 7, 2103
Maribor, Slovenia – chair of the supervisory board
DCB, d.o.o., Pod Skalo 4, 4260 Bled, Slovenia – deputy
chair of the supervisory board; since 23 December 2022
chair of the supervisory board
Got2Insure, Ltd, First Floor Ridgeland House 15 Carfax,
Horsham, West Sussex, RH12 1DY, United Kingdom –
non-executive director (until 31 January 2022)
Zavarovalnica Sava, d.d., Ulica Eve Lovše 7, 2000 Maribor,
Slovenia – chairman of the management board (from 5
May 2022)

At its session of 25 April 2022, the Sava Re supervisory board reappointed Polona Pirš Zupančič, whose five-year term of office expired on 14 January 2023, as a member of the management board of Sava Re. The new five-year term started on 15 January 2023.

On 4 May 2022, Jošt Dolničar ceased to be a member of the management board of Sava Re because he assumed the position of chairman of the management board of the subsidiary Zavarovalnica Sava.

On 15 December 2022, the supervisory board of Sava Re d.d. unanimously approved the proposal of the nominations and remuneration committee and appointed David Benedek as the fourth member of the management board. David Benedek was appointed for a five-year term, which began on the next business day following receipt of the Insurance Supervision Agency's decision to issue a licence to David Benedek to act as a member of the management board.

5.4 Internal control and risk management systems relating to financial reporting21

Internal controls comprise a system of guidelines and processes designed and implemented by Sava Re at all levels to manage risks associated, among other things, with financial reporting. These controls work to guarantee the efficiency and effectiveness of operations, the reliability of financial reporting and compliance with applicable regulations and internal acts.

Apart from the Slovenian Companies Act (ZGD), Sava Re is governed by the Slovenian Insurance Act (ZZavar), which provides that insurance companies must put in place and maintain an appropriate internal control and risk management system. Relevant implementing regulations based on the Insurance Act are issued by the Insurance Supervision Agency and strictly complied with by the Company.

Financial controls are closely linked to information technology controls, which aim, among other things, to limit and control access to the network, information and applications, and to control the completeness and accuracy of data input and processing. The latter is established at the Group and parent company levels through compliance with the information security policy and the enforcement of security policies.

Internal controls applicable to financial reporting on a consolidated basis are set out in the internal accounting rules and in the Sava Insurance Group Financial Con-

trol Rules.

Internal controls, which are mainly preventive and detective in nature, include regular checks on account balances, reconciliation of subsidiary records with general ledger balances, built-in controls in systems (access restrictions, segregation of duties, limit systems, authorisations), automation of reporting and transfers between systems, additional manual controls on reporting and checks on consolidation packages. Reporting consistency is achieved through the use of a uniform data reporting system.

Internal controls include the four-eye principle, information transfer (including with subsidiaries), regular review and monitoring of transactions, department meetings, ongoing monitoring of announced regulatory changes, regular training and mentoring.

The calculation of technical provisions is based on the four-eyes principle, and it is carried out in compliance with the "Rules on the valuation of technical provisions". In addition, for consolidation purposes, there are additional internal controls in place for the review of the consolidation processes for manual data entry and internal controls on items where adjustments are made to the Group, as well as controls on all the procedures carried out for the Group (additional postings, depreciation/amortisation). Members of the Group submit

the financial information required for the preparation of the consolidated financial statements in reporting packages, prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the parent's guidelines, within the time limits set out in the Company's financial calendar. In addition, Group members submit their separate financial statements, which constitutes an additional control measure. By unifying information systems and applications that support consolidation, planning and reporting, the exchange of financial data among Group companies is becoming ever more efficient. Whether necessary information system controls have been put in place and function adequately is verified, on an annual basis, by relevant experts as part of the regular annual auditing of financial statements.

In addition to the aforementioned control systems, Sava Re has put in place internal control systems for other vital work processes. Effective risk management requires that the Company ensures a functioning and established system of internal controls. The Company's systematic internal controls ensure the achievement of its objectives in terms of the efficiency and effectiveness of its operations, the reliability, timeliness and transparency of internal and external reporting, and compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and internal acts. All major business processes at Sava Re have

been specified, including details on control points together with persons responsible for individual controls. Basic controls are carried out by reviewing documents received or by an automatic or manual control procedure of processed data.

Sava Re complies with all rules and regulations on handling confidential data and inside information, on allocation of investments and prohibition of trading based on inside information.

Other entities authorised by Sava Re for the provision of individual services must do so in compliance with the law, implementing acts, contracts for services, internal rules and job instructions that are applicable at Sava Re.

The risk management department monitors improvements in the internal control environment and keeps track of internal controls in the internal control register, which is linked to the risk register. In accordance with the Insurance Act, Sava Re has set up an internal audit department that is responsible for assessing the adequacy and effectiveness of internal controls employed, and their reliability in the Company's pursuit of its goals while managing its risks. The internal audit department reports on its findings to the management board, the audit committee and the Company's supervisory board.

5.5 External audit

In 2022, a contract was signed with Deloitte Revizija d.o.o., Dunajska cesta 165, 1000 Ljubljana, to audit the financial statements for the period from 2022 to 2024. Deloitte has also audited the financial statements of Sava Re and the Sava Insurance Group for 2022. In 2022, the Group's subsidiary companies were audited by the local auditing staff of the same auditing firm.

5.6 Disclosures in accordance with Article 70(6) of the Companies Act22

Sava Re is subject to the Slovenian Takeover Act (ZPre-1).

The composition of Sava Re share capital, the list of qualifying shareholders under the Slovenian Takeover Act as at 31 December 2022, rights and obligations attached to the shares, restrictions on share transfer, and the absence or existence of shares carrying special control rights are presented in section 3 "Shareholders and share trading".

Employee share schemes

Sava Re has no employee share scheme.

Restrictions of voting rights

Sava Re has adopted no restrictions on voting rights.

Shareholders' agreements restricting transferability of shares and voting rights

Sava Re is not aware of any such agreements between shareholders.

Rules on appointment or removal of members of management or supervisory bodies and on amendments to the articles of association

Company rules on appointment or removal of management board members

Under the Sava Re articles of association, the chair and the members of the management board are appointed by the supervisory board for a period of five years. Such appointments are renewable without limitation. To be appointed as a member of the management

board, natural persons must have full legal capacity and meet the requirements set down by law and internal rules. The process and criteria for the selection of candidates for members of the management board as well as the process of periodic fit and proper assessments of individual members as well as the assessment of the competence of the management board as a collective body is clearly set out in the Company's fit and proper policy of relevant personnel.

The management board as a whole and its individual members may be recalled by the supervisory board for reasons prescribed by law.

Under the Sava Re articles of association, the supervisory board is composed of six members, of which four (shareholder representatives) are elected by the Company's general meeting, and two (employee representatives) are elected by the workers' council, which subsequently informs the general meeting of its decision. Shareholder representatives of the supervisory board are elected by the general meeting by a majority of votes present. The term of office of supervisory board members is four years and is renewable. To be appointed as a member of the supervisory board, natural persons must have full legal capacity and meet the requirements set down by law and internal rules. The process and criteria for selecting candidates for membership of the supervisory board and for drafting proposals for general meeting resolutions on the appointment of supervisory board members, including the process of periodic fit and proper assessments of individual members, as well as the assessment of the competence of the supervisory board as a collective body, is clearly set out in the Company's fit and proper policy of relevant personnel.

Supervisory board members who are shareholder representatives may be recalled by the general meeting for reasons as prescribed by law based on a general meeting resolution adopted by a majority of at least three quarters of the share capital represented.

Company rules on amendments to its articles of association

The Sava Re articles of association do not contain special provisions governing their amendment. Under the applicable legislation, they may be amended by resolution of the general meeting by a majority of at least three quarters of the share capital represented.

Powers of the management board (increase in share capital, acquisition of own shares)

The management board has no authorisation to increase the share capital.

The Company's management board has no authorisa-

Important agreements that become effective, change or terminate after a public takeover bid results in a control change

Sava Re limits its exposure by reinsuring its own account (retrocession). Retrocession contracts usually contain provisions governing contract termination in cases involving significant changes in ownership or control of the counterparty.

tion to purchase own shares. With the additional own share repurchases in April 2016, the management board fully exhausted the general meeting authorisation granted in 2014 to purchase own shares up to 10% minus one share of the share capital. A management board member is entitled to severance pay if recalled for other economic or business reasons (major change in shareholder structure, reorganisation, launch of new product, major change in company objects and such like) and the employment relationship with a company of the Sava Insurance Group is terminated.

Agreements between an entity and members of its management or supervisory bodies on compensation in case of (i) resignation, (ii) dismissal without cause or (iii) termination of employment relationship due to any bid specified in the law governing

takeovers

Management board members are not entitled to severance pay in case of resignation.

A management board member is also entitled to severance pay if their function is terminated by mutual consent in conjunction with a termination of their employment relationship with a company of the Sava Insurance Group.

A management board member is also entitled to severance pay upon retirement.

5.7 Governance of Sava Insurance Group members23

The parent company's management and supervisory bodies are the Sava Insurance Group's bodies responsible for the proper governance and supervision of the entire Group and for setting up a governance framework appropriate to the structure, business and risks of the Sava Insurance Group as a whole and of its individual members.

The parent fully exercises its governance function by setting business strategy from the top down, taking into account both the Group as a whole as well as its individual members. For optimal capital allocation and resilience against unforeseen events, capital allocation and capital adequacy are managed on the Group level following the top-down principle. As part of its risk strategy, the Group sets the risk appetite both at the Group level as well as at the level of its members.

The Group has set up a systematic approach to risk management, including risk management at the level of individual companies, appropriate monitoring of the risks of individual companies by the parent company as well as risk management at the Group level. The latter takes into account any interaction between the risks of individual Group companies, in particular risk concentration and other material risks associated with the operation of the Group.

Management or supervisory bodies of Sava Insurance Group subsidiaries individually pursue the same values and corporate governance policies as the parent company, unless otherwise required by law, the local regulator or based on the proportionality principle. Therefore, the management or supervisory bodies of each Sava Insurance Group subsidiary, as part of their responsibility for the governance of their company with regard to the implementation of Group policies, verify the need for any adjustments to local legislation as well as any other necessary adjustments and in accordance with the procedures set out in the Group policies, determine their adaptations to Group policies, making sure that the subsidiary complies with applicable laws and regulations as well as rules of sound and prudent operation.

Governance of the Sava Insurance Group is described in greater detail in the Corporate Governance Policy of Sava Re d.d. posted on the Company's website.

Ljubljana, 15 March 2023 Sava Re Management Board

Marko Jazbec, Chairman

Polona Pirš Zupančič, Member

Peter Skvarča, Member

Ljubljana, 22 March 2023 Sava Re Supervisory Board

Davor Ivan Gjivoje Jr, Chairman

6 Mission, vision, strategic focus and goals

6.1 Our purpose24

Through a positive climate, good business culture, continuous training and investments in employees, we contribute to the continuous development of insurance and ancillary products and to more optimal business processes. We are developing a Group-specific corporate culture that will be reflected in the quality of services and in the loyalty of our employees to their company and the Group.

By definition, insurance is the provision of economic security through the spreading of financial risk, which is why the industry is tightly intertwined with the larger overall economy. Within this system, Sava Re has a responsibility to support activities that contribute to improving the social environment. Sustainable development is an area to which the Company is increasingly committed. Special attention is given to the exchange of knowledge, permanent training of employees and external stakeholders and the utilization of synergies among Sava Insurance Group companies. The social responsibility demonstrated reflects the values on which we intend to focus more in the future.

We are working to become a recognised provider of comprehensive insurance and reinsurance services in our target markets, to establish a climate of trust and loyalty among our stakeholders and to become recognised as a company that communicates fairly and transparently. We strive to meet the expectations of our shareholders and achieve an adequate return on equity, to raise awareness about the organisation's values and to integrate these into core business policies and the way people conduct themselves.

OUR VISION

We are building a customer-centric, flexible and sustainability-oriented insurance group.

OUR VALUES

We build relationships with care, integrity and respect.

We exceed customer expectations by our ongoing effort to make improvements and strengthen relationships.

We are active in relation to our natural and social environment.

OUR MISSION

Through commitment and constant progress, we ensure security and quality of life.

6.2 Strategic focus of the Sava Insurance Group

The strategy of the Sava Insurance Group sets out strategic goals in two ways, based on its three key focus areas in the 2023–2027 strategy period and based on the Group's key pillars of business operations.

Corporate support functions

For the period 2023–2027, the Group has adopted a new strategy that will drive the Group forward on three key priorities:

• The Group will take the customer-at-the-centre approach to the next level by always ensuring that customers, their wishes and their needs are central to the way business is done. To this end, the Group has set itself three objectives. The integration of all communication channels through a centralised customer relationship management system will help the Group achieve its goal of personalised communication. Secondly, we will establish a hybrid sales model that will enable the sales network to focus on more complex types of insurance and on advising customers. The third objective is to set up self-care platforms, such as customer portals, websites, mobile applications, which will improve customer service during sales, claims handling and other service.

• The Group has two key objectives in optimising its business processes: to speed up and to simplify customer service and internal processes. This will also help achieve cost efficiency, which will play a more important role in the next strategy period than in the past, given the changed macroeconomic environment. To achieve this strategic priority, the Group will undertake a comprehensive review of its processes to identify opportunities for improvement. Processes will then be redesigned and any other necessary changes will be made to align the organisation with these new

processes.

• The Group will pursue sustainability in all key areas: environmental, social and governance. It will continue to support global sustainability trends and focus on goals related to climate change and caring for the health and well-being of its customers, employees and the wider community.

Long-term strategic targets:

  • Over a 5-year period, we will achieve a return on equity (excluding the fair value reserve) of between 9.5% and 10.5%.
  • Over the 2023–2027 period, the solvency ratio at the Sava Insurance Group level will be between 170% and 210 % (in the target capital range).
  • Non-life (re)insurance operations will achieve an underwriting combined ratio not exceeding 95%.
  • The return on the Group's investment portfolio, net of subordinated debt expenses, will increase to reach 2.2% in 2027.

6.3 Business plan of the Sava Insurance Group for 2023

The Group's business plan for 2023 is based on the new accounting standard IFRS 17 "Insurance Contracts" and IFRS 9 "Financial Instruments", which both came into force on 1 January 2023. The Group has set these targets.

Major targets achieved in 2023

2023 plan
Operating revenue* > EUR 800 million
Return on equity > 9.5%
Profit, net of tax > EUR 53 million
Solvency ratio 170–210%
Combined ratio < 95%
Return on investment portfolio > 1.5%

* Gross premiums written are taken into account for (re)insurance companies and operating revenue for noninsurance companies.

Planned growth in operating revenue for 2023

6.4 Goals achieved in 202225

6.4.1 Targets achieved in 2022

Achievement of targets in 2022

EUR million 2022 2022 plan As % of plan
Operating revenue 753.6 > 700 107.7%
Profit, net of tax 68.2 > 60 113.7%
Return on equity (ROE) 14.9% ≥ 11.5%
Net expense ratio* 29.3% 31–32%
Investment return/* 1.3% 1.4%
Net combined ratio* 90.7% < 94%

* Excluding the effect of exchange differences.

** Excluding subordinated debt expenses.

In 2022, the Sava Insurance Group generated EUR 753.6 million in operating revenue, exceeding its revenue target. All operating segments exceeded their operating revenue targets for 2022, except the pensions and asset management segment, which was due to adverse developments in financial markets that resulted in lower assets under management than planned and consequently lower growth in operating revenue. Net profit for the period was EUR 68.2 million, which is more than planned for 2022. The 2022 net expense ratio was better than planned, driven by all major operating segments, owing to higher revenue and lower operating expenses, mainly due to postponed IT projects. The net combined ratio remained within the planned range, although claims inflation was higher than planned for the Slovenian non-life segment. The return on the investment portfolio is only slightly below the 2022 target, mainly due to a decrease in the market value of the investments designated to the FVTPL category as the result of the increase in the required yields in the financial markets.

6.4.2 Achievement of strategic targets

The Sava Insurance Group has achieved all its key targets in the 2020–2022 strategy period. Through organic growth and the acquisition of Vita, the Group increased revenue by 28% to EUR 752.8 million over the last three years and achieved an average return on equity of over 12%. The outstanding performance reflects the

Group's significant progress against its key priorities for the strategy period, in particular by improving the customer experience through digital transformation, putting the customer at the centre and tailoring services to customers' wants and needs.

Achievement of strategic goals for 2020–2022

2020–2022
plan
Average
2020–2022
Average growth in operating revenue > 5% annually 8.9%
Return on equity (ROE) > 12% 14.7%
Solvency ratio under Solvency II rules 180–220% 198.0%
Return on the investment portfolio/* > 1.5% 1.6%
Net combined ratio (reinsurance + non-life)* < 95% 90.9%

* Excluding the effect of exchange differences. ** Excluding subordinated debt expenses.

Profit target

Goals achieved in the Group's strategic focus areas

Digital transformation and placing the customer at the centre

The main development activities focused on the consolidation of customer support processes in call centres and the introduction of multichannel solutions in several companies of the Sava Insurance Group, with an emphasis on managing processes involving a large number of organisational units and additional, interconnected communication channels. At the end of 2022, six Group companies used centralised multi-channel solutions.

We enhanced our digital and self-care solutions for customers, optimising the user experience, especially on websites (the websites of both of the Group's companies in Serbia were merged).

At the end of 2022, the processes of three Slovenian companies (Zavarovalnica Sava, Sava Pokojninska and Sava Infond) were introduced into the SavaNet Portal. A new process was set up for signing documents and requests using two-factor authentication and an improved identification module that now allows customers to identify themselves using qualified digital certificates.

Paperless business intelligence is being extended to additional business processes, and a solution to automate communication across multiple channels is being rolled out.

We continue to develop and deploy AI in various work processes to reduce lead times and improve the customer experience by introducing more advanced technologies.

website is underway and will serve as a model for subsequent redesigns in other Group companies.

Information technology initiatives and improvements

As part of the redesign of the core IT systems, we continued the implementation of the new reinsurance underwriting solution, continued the implementation of the new insurance underwriting solution in the Croatian branch (with a focus on the changeover to the

By developing the use of additional sources of external databases and optimising a process for consolidating and cleansing customer data, we are looking to increase security and speed up processes for our customers. At Zavarovalnica Sava, we have created an enhanced business data dictionary that allows us to better review and use customer data internally and share it across different business processes. A comprehensive redesign of the Zavarovalnica Sava Regarding business reporting and data warehouse solutions, we expanded the Zavarovalnica Sava data warehouse with new data sources and started building a Sava Re data warehouse aligned with the new core reinsurance solution. For IFRS 17 financial reporting purposes, we ran a technical test reporting cycle, supplementing and refining functionalities and data integration, while reviewing the data quality of the target subsidiaries, and then moved the solution into production.

euro and IFRSs) and started the operational support of the first products in this solution.

As for other business applications, we continued to implement the fraud detection system and the geographic information system at the Sava Insurance Company and to provide data for the IFRS project. We also provided regular maintenance and product development for all the companies' existing solutions.

On the infrastructure side, we provided ongoing support for various business application development projects. Through additional preventive and detective testing of IT operations, we carried out a regular replacement of disk capacity in the Group's main data centre, implemented an IT service management solution to support IT business processes in one company and began rolling it out to other Group companies.

In terms of IT security, we completed the integration of the security patch management system in the workstation environment and will continue to integrate it in the server environment. The security policy was adapted to better define the methods and periodicity of the various types of independent security tests. The set of rules for detecting suspicious events in the security information and event management system was updated. The IT service management tool is currently being integrated with the above system to improve the internal handling of security events. We increased the number of penetration tests and checks, and started to implement a cyber incident response plan, which will be adapted/aligned with the national cyber incident response plan.

Acquisitions-based growth

The Sava Insurance Group pursued the strategic goal of growth through acquisitions. Acquisition activities continued in the private health segment, which the Group is developing through the company DCB, and in the road-side assistance segment, in which the Sava Insurance Group acquired an additional stake in TBS Team 24 in 2021.

Achievement of strategic goals by key business pillar

Non-life insurance

The Group successfully achieved its objectives in the 2020–2022 strategy period. In 2022, it continued to develop and improve its products: products with a strong sustainability component (extending the solar power plant insurance product to non-EU markets and improving the coverage for e-vehicles), products with an emphasis on online sales (designing the Mini Motor Own Damage product, marketed by an insurer in partnership with a bank) and products that enable individual insurers to enter the credit insurance sector. In terms of products, it is also worth mentioning the redesign of those targeted at specific policyholder segments (e.g. property policies for small and medium-sized enterprises) and some products with a strong assistance and prevention component, marketed as part of home insurance. The Group also implemented current ESG standards in non-life products and adopted guidelines to enable Group companies to underwrite insurance in a responsible manner. In addition, the Group successfully laid the groundwork for a project aimed at (further) harmonising and deploying ASP.ins software solutions in the non-EU companies.

Life insurance and pensions

As part of the expansion of the Group's life insurance product range, the Group's focus in 2022 was on further developing and improving protection policies and unit-linked life products. The Group was the first in Slovenia to develop a new generation of life insurance protection policies with pay-as-you-live benefits. Life protection policies were redesigned and linked, free of charge, via a modern mobile app, to a healthy lifestyle incentive programme that tracks the physical activity and healthy lifestyle of the insured. Based thereon, customers are entitled to discounts on their insurance premium and a range of other benefits related to the products of selected contractual partners. Particular emphasis was also placed on the development of health protection policies (such as specialist services and critical illness insurance). In 2022, the Group also successfully entered the unit-linked life segment in its non-EU markets and refreshed its pension annuity offering in its home market. As regards bancassurance in non-EU markets, a life insurance company partnered with a bank and a pension company teamed up with a new bank. In line with current legislative developments on ESG standards that address sustainability factors, risks and preferences, Group companies in the relevant markets regularly integrate and consider sustainability factors and objectives in the processes of developing and approving insurance products, identifying target markets, and distributing, managing and monitoring insurance products.

Reinsurance

The key priority was to further diversify geographically, as well as by market and class of insurance. Developments in 2022 were strongly linked to the macroeconomic situation in the global markets, which – combined with the impact of Covid-19, the Ukraine crisis, extreme weather events (e.g. storms, floods and fires) and other loss events – led to tighter reinsurance conditions, both in terms of prices and content (tighter conditions in reinsurance treaties, such as the strict exclusion of infectious diseases, exclusion of cyber risks, consistent application of relevant sanctions clauses and strict inclusion of war risk exclusion clauses). The aforementioned tightening of conditions in response to global developments was most pronounced for the 1 January renewals in 2023. This trend is expected to continue during the mid-year renewals, and Sava Re will follow this trend and focus its activities on achieving its newly set strategic objectives. Profitability and low portfolio volatility are key priorities and will remain so in 2023 and beyond.

Asset management

Sava Infond continued to digitise its business in 2022, maintaining its position in key sales channels and seeing positive net inflows into its fund of funds, despite the challenging situation in financial markets. In 2022, it increased the value of assets under management in the managed accounts.

Assistance services

TBS Team 24 ended the strategy period having achieved its major objective: a complete IT overhaul, optimising processes in both its front- and back-office functions. In doing so, TBS refreshed the customer journey. The company continues to strengthen its already good relationships with other Group companies and to attract additional customers from outside the Group, which is reflected in the very good performance of the business.

Management of investments

The Group achieved its target return over 2020– 2022, except in 2022, when macroeconomic events had a negative impact on capital markets. The composition of the investment portfolio remained secure, so that the key objective of the Group's investment policy was achieved (to maintain low volatility and high security of assets supporting insurance contract liabilities and to maintain high liquidity and risk diversification). Over the strategy period, the share of the investment portfolio invested in real estate, infrastructure and sustainable investments increased. The share of sustainable investments (ESG investments) increased steadily over the strategy period, reaching almost 15% of the portfolio at the end of 2022.

7 Business environment

Global economic developments26

The year 2022 was dominated by high inflation, slowing economic growth, Russian aggression against Ukraine, uncertainty in the financial markets and the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. Economic growth was mainly negatively affected by increasing price pressures from high energy and commodity prices, as well as supply chain bottlenecks. The spike in key commodity prices was also caused by Russia's military aggression in Ukraine in February 2022 and the extensive sanctions against Moscow that followed. Rising prices hit developing countries particularly hard, as they are heavily dependent on food and energy imports. In Europe, which is dependent on Russian gas, natural gas and electricity prices increased sharply. Central banks responded to high inflation with significant interest rate hikes, ending the era of cheap money in the developed world.

The International Monetary Fund's forecasts show global economic growth slowing from 6.0% in 2021 to 3.4% in 2022 and 2.9% in 2023. Economic growth is forecast to slow sharply in the USA, to 1% in 2023, as

well as in the euro area, where growth is forecast to be only 0.5% in 2023. Global inflation is expected to rise from 4.7% in 2021 to 8.8% in 2022, but to fall to 6.5% in 2023 and to 4.1% by 2024.

The challenging macroeconomic and political environment also had an impact on the global corporate sector. Companies reported lower profits due to rising costs, higher borrowing costs and diminished fiscal support from governments; bankruptcies started to increase, especially for small companies. In addition to rising lending rates and tighter credit standards, increased risks stem from persistently high inflation, volatile commodity markets and heightened uncertainty about the global economy. In 2022, interest rate rises also made sovereign borrowing much more expensive, which (in addition to the extensive sovereign incentives during the pandemic) further increased the debt of many countries. Higher risks were also present in currency markets where the US dollar gained strength against the currencies of other major economies, both

due to the relatively better US economic situation and, in particular, sharp interest rate hikes by the US Federal Reserve in 2022. Other currencies also saw larger fluctuations.

Investors faced their worst year in global financial markets since the 2008 financial crisis, as high inflation led central banks worldwide to sharply raise interest rates and slow the supply of cheap money, which had a positive impact on a golden decade for investors. In particular, central bank interest rate hikes had a negative impact on the bond market, where the decline was even larger than in equity markets. Shares on global stock markets lost almost a fifth of their value in the previous year, after a relatively high rise during the Covid-19 pandemic. Movements in both asset classes will continue to be strongly influenced by central banks' actions aimed at getting inflation under control, as well as by the economic downturn.

be
ise
.5%

Economic developments in markets where the Sava Insurance Group is present

Markets in the region were affected by the same factors as mentioned above. As a result, there was a noticeable slowdown in economic growth in all markets compared to the previous year, and most markets estimate that the economy will grow by less or about the same in 2023 as it did in 2022.

Overview of the main macroeconomic indicators for the countries where the Sava Insurance Group is present

Unemployment rate (%)
2022
N2023
5.8%
5.5%
7.0%
6.9%
9.9%
9.7%
15.2%
15.0%
n/a
n/a
14.8%
n/a

27 Source: UMAR, Economic Mirror, No 1/2023 and UMAR, Autumn Forecast of Economic Trends 2022.

28 Source: Croatian National Bank, Makroekonomska kretanja i prognoze, December 2022, and the National Institute for Statistics. https://www.hnb.hr/statistika/glavni-makroekonomski-indikatori, na dan 24. 2. 2023.

29 Source: Serbian National Bank, Makroekonomska kretanja u Srbiji, January 2023, and Republički zavod za statistiku; 29 December 2022.

30 Source: National Bank of the Republic of North Macedonia, quarterly report, November 2022; forecast by the International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook, October 2022.

31 Source: National Bank of Kosovo, Quarterly economic assessment, Q III/2022; forecast by the International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook, October 2022.

32 Source: Central Bank of Montenegro, Administration for Statistics of Montenegro; forecast by the International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook, October 2022.

Slovenia: According to the latest estimates, Slovenia's real economic growth was 5.0% in 2022 and 8.2% in 2021. GDP growth in 2022 was driven by consumption, with increases in both private and government consumption, as well as in fixed capital formation. However, GDP growth in 2022 was adversely affected by a negative external trade balance, mainly due to a contraction in the export-oriented part of the Slovenian economy.

Croatia: The Croatian economy is forecast to grow at a slightly lower rate of 6.3% in 2022 (10.7% in 2021). The main contributor to GDP growth in 2022 was export growth, in both goods and services. Personal and government consumption also increased, and investment activity picked up.

Serbia: GDP growth in Serbia was estimated at 2.3% in 2022, down from 7.5% in 2021. Industrial production remained at about the same level as the previous year, as did investment activity. Trading activities strengthened, as did exports, and imports also exceeded exports, weighing on economic growth. On the positive side, growth was boosted by an increase in tourism activity and transport.

North Macedonia: North Macedonia's GDP growth in 2021 was slightly lower, at 4.0%, compared to other countries in the region, but estimates suggest that growth in 2022 was comparable to other countries at 2.3%. Domestic demand was an important growth factor in 2022, especially on the investment side and also in household consumption, although the growth trend in household consumption moderated in the second half of the year due to inflationary pressures. In contrast, the contribution of net exports to economic growth was markedly negative.

Montenegro: Montenegro also recorded lower GDP growth than in 2021 according to first estimates, but growth was still relatively high (13.4% in 2021 and 7.2% in 2022). Tourism, trade, forestry and transport were the main contributors to growth, while industrial production and construction dropped. At the same time, exports of goods and services and private consumption showed a strong recovery. However, the second half of the year and especially the last two months were marked by high inflationary pressures, mainly as a factor of the international market.

Kosovo: According to the latest estimates, Kosovo's economic growth was 2.9% in 2022, whereas GDP increased by 6.0% in 2021. Inflationary pressures on consumption and a decrease in investment activity contributed to lower growth than in 2021, while exports continued to grow, but imports of goods dropped in line with lower investment activity, leaving the external trade balance positive.

Impact of the business environment on the operations of the Sava Insurance Group

After two years marked by the Covid-19 pandemic, its impact decreased in 2022, which was mainly reflected in an increase in the claim frequency in the motor insurance sector – in fact, the restrictions to contain the spread of Covid-19 had the effect of reducing traffic and consequently accidents in 2020 and 2021. In 2022, the claim frequency returned to pre-pandemic levels. In addition to the increase in claim frequency, the increase in claim payouts was strongly influenced by inflation reflected in an increase in the prices of services and materials. The Group's insurance companies addressed this by increasing their insurance prices. In addition, high inflation increased the expenses of Group companies.

The easing of the epidemic has led to higher consumption, which in turn has boosted insurance sales.

The financial results of insurance companies, particularly pension and fund management companies, were also affected by the adverse developments in financial markets, which had an impact on the expenses arising from fair-value changes of investments at fair value through profit or loss, on assets under management, the assets of pension and unit-linked policies, contributions to funds and the lower demand for unit-linked life insurance.

Markets where the Sava Insurance Group operates

35 Source: Slovenian Insurance Association.

  • 36 Source: Croatian Insurance Bureau.
  • 37 Source: Serbian National Bank.
  • 38 Source: Insurance Supervision Agency of the Republic of Macedonia.
  • 39 Source: Central Bank of the Republic of Kosovo.
  • 40 Vir: Insurance Supervision Agency of Montenegro.

Sava Re, the parent of the Sava Insurance Group, transacts reinsurance business in over 100 countries worldwide33. The following section contains a description of the international non-life insurance market and insurance markets in which the Sava Insurance Group is present.

Global non-life reinsurance markets34

The reinsurance sector's performance over the past five years has been dismal. But during the past 18 months, underwriting results have improved as

the industry continues to battle a host of issues, including elevated natural catastrophe exposure, pricing adequacy given the loss experience, high inflation risk, increasing cost of capital and financial market volatility. S&P Global Ratings believe fundamental, disciplined underwriting and adequate risk pricing, tighter terms and conditions with clear exclusions, and overall sophisticated risk management are key if reinsurers are to defend their competitive position and preserve earnings and capital strength. On the bright side, reinsurance pricing is improving with the expectation that it will carry on into 2023 renewals, and new underwriting opportunities could be the lifebuoy

needed for the sector to regain its footing and begin to earn its cost of capital once again.

Insurance markets

All insurance markets in which Sava Insurance Group is present grew in 2022, and most of the Group's insurers maintained or increased their market shares in 2021.

Overview of the main indicators of the trends in the insurance markets in which the Sava Insurance Group has a presence

Growth/decline in premiums (%) Premiums/population (EUR) Premiums/GDP (%)
2019 2020 2021 2022 2019 2020 2021 2022 2019 2020 2021 2022
Slovenia35* 7.5% 2.0% 2.5% 7.0% 1,190.4 1,208.9 1,236.4 1,320.7 5.1% 5.4% 5.0% 4.8%
Croatia36 7.1% -2.1% 11.0% 7.8% 355.6 354.1 404.3 435.7 2.6% 2.8% 2.7% 2.6%
Serbia37** 7.9% 2.5% 8.7% 12.1% 130.9 134.6 147.8 167.5 2.0% 2.0% 1.9% 1.9%
North Macedonia38** 6.6% -5.2% 15.7% 10.0% 82.0 78.5 90.8 99.9 1.5% 1.5% 1.6% 1.6%
Kosovo39 9.0% -0.2% 15.4% 14.2% 56.6 56.3 65.3 75.9 1.4% 1.5% 1.5% 1.5%
Montenegro40 9.1% -1.1% 5.5% 9.6% 152.4 150.6 159.4 174.1 1.9% 2.2% 2.0% 1.9%

* Premiums are shown without the premiums of the branches of Adriatic Slovenica and Zavarovalnica Sava in Croatia.

** 2022 estimate based on premium growth in 1–9/2022.

33 GRI 2-6.

34 Summarised based on S&P Global Ratings: Global Reinsurance Highlights 2022, key points. Summarised based on S&P Global Ratings: Global Reinsurance Highlights 2022, key points.

Slovenia: In 2022, the Slovenian insurance market consisted of 12 domestic insurance companies, 5 foreign branches, and 2 reinsurance companies, which are members of the Slovenian Insurance Association (SIA). In 2022, non-life insurance business accounted for 72.2% of total insurance premiums and life insurance for 27.8%. In 2022, gross premiums written in the Slovenian insurance market grew by 7.0% (non-life premiums by 8.5% and life premiums by 3.3%). The Sava Insurance Group operates in the market with two

insurance companies, Zavarovalnica Sava and Vita. Together, the two insurers ranked second among Slovenian insurers in 2022, with a market share of 19.3%.

Two reinsurance companies are domiciled in Slovenia and are members of the Slovenian Insurance Association. The following table shows the market shares of the two reinsurance companies in the Slovenian market.

2022 2021
v EUR Gross premiums written Market share Gross premiums written Market share
Sava Re 199,405,329 44.3% 190,051,724 51.4%
Triglav Re 250,292,376 55.7% 202,282,034 48.6%
Total 449,697,705 100.0% 392,333,758 100.0%

Market shares of Zavarovalnica Sava and Vita

Slovenia: insurance market shares 2022

Serbia: In 2022, the Serbian insurance market consisted of 16 insurers. Non-life insurance business accounted for 79.7% of total insurance premiums in the first nine months of 2022 and life insurance for 20.3%. In the first nine months of 2022, gross premiums written in the Serbian insurance market grew by 12.1% (non-life premiums by 14.3% and life premiums by 4.6%). The Sava Insurance Group is present on the market with the non-life insurance company Sava Neživotno Osiguranje (SRB) and the life insurance company Sava Životno Osiguranje (SRB); together, the two insurers ranked 11th among all insurers on the market in the first nine months of 2022, with a market share of 3.2%.

Croatia: In 2022, the Croatian insurance market consisted of 15 domestic insurers and 2 foreign branches. In 2022, non-life insurance business accounted for 78.0% of total insurance premiums and life insurance for 22.0%. In 2022, gross premiums written in the Croatian insurance market grew by 7.8% (non-life premiums grew by 11.5% and life premiums dropped by 3.7%). The Sava Insurance Group operates on the market through a branch of Zavarovalnica Sava, which sells non-life and life insurance in Croatia. In 2022, it ranked thirteenth among all companies operating in the Croatian insurance market, with a market share of

Market shares of Zavarovalnica Sava

Market shares of Sava Neživotno Osiguranje (SRB) and Sava Životno Osiguranje (SRB) Serbia: insurance market shares 1–9/2022

BUSINESS REPORT

Montenegro: The Montenegrin insurance market in 2022 consisted of 9 insurance companies. In 2022, non-life insurance business accounted for 80.3% of total insurance premiums and life insurance for 19.7%. In 2022, gross premiums written in the Montenegrin insurance market grew by 9.6% (non-life premiums by 10.3% and life premiums by 6.8%). The Sava Insurance Group is present on the market with the non-life insurance company Sava Osiguranje (MNE), which ranked second among all insurers on the market in 2022, with a market share of 16.1%.

North Macedonia: The North Macedonian insurance

market consisted of 16 insurance companies in 2022: 11 non-life and 5 life insurance companies. Non-life insurance business accounted for 82.2% of total insurance premiums in 2022 and life insurance business for 17.8%. In 2022, gross premiums in the North Macedonian insurance market grew by 10.0% (non-life premiums by 9.2% and life premiums by 13.8%). The Sava Insurance Group is present on the market with its non-life insurance company, which ranked sixth among all insurers on the market in 2022, with a market share of 8.4%.

Market shares of Sava Osiguruvanje (MKD)

Market shares of Sava Osiguranje (MNE) Montenegro: insurance market shares 2022

North Macedonia: insurance market shares 2022

Kosovo: In 2022, the Kosovo insurance market consisted of 14 insurance companies. In the first eleven months of 2022, non-life insurance business accounted for 95.2% of total insurance premiums and life insurance for 4.8%. In 2022, gross premiums written in the Montenegrin insurance market grew by 14.2% (non-life premiums by 13.5% and life premiums by 31.5%). The Sava Insurance Group is present on the market with the non-life insurance company Illyria (RKS) and the life insurance company Illyria Life (RKS); together, the two insurers ranked first among all insurers on the market in 2022, with a market share of 15.3%.

8 Review of operations of the Sava Insurance Group and Save Re41

8.1 Sava Insurance Group

The operations of the Sava Insurance Group are organised by these segments: reinsurance, non-life (insurance), life (insurance), pensions and asset management, and the "other" segment. The non-life and life segments are further broken down by geography into Slovenia and international.

The operating segments include the following companies:

  • reinsurance: Sava Re (non-Group business);
  • non-life, Slovenia: Zavarovalnica Sava (the Slovenian part of non-life insurance business, including FoS business), Vita (non-life insurance business);
  • non-life, international: Zavarovalnica Sava (the Croatian part of non-life insurance business), Sava Neživotno Osiguranje (SRB), Illyria (RKS), Sava Osiguranje (MNE), Sava Osiguruvanje (MKD), Sava Car (MNE), Sava Agent (MNE), Sava Station (MKD), Sava Car (SRB);
  • life, Slovenia: Zavarovalnica Sava (the Slovenian part of life insurance business), Vita (life insurance business), ZS Svetovanje (SVN), ASISTIM (SVN);
  • life, international: Zavarovalnica Sava (the Croatian part of life insurance business), Sava Životno Osiguranje (SRB), Illyria Life (RKS);
  • pensions and asset management: Sava Pokojninska (SVN), Sava Penzisko Društvo (MKD), Sava Infond (SVN);
  • other: TBS Team 24 (SVN) and the equity-accounted companies DCB (SVN) and G2I (GBR). This segment also includes expenses on subordinate debt. S Estate was sold on 1 March 2022 and is therefore no longer included in the consolidated accounts from that date.

Income statement and statement of financial position by operating segment are presented in the notes to the financial statements, section 17.4.37 "Segment reporting".

The following reallocations were made in the consolidated income statement:

• The effects of reinsurance (retrocession) relating to business with subsidiaries are reallocated to the other segments (Sava Re as the parent company handles the reinsurance of most business of its subsidiaries): in the segment reporting information, reinsurance premiums accepted by the reinsurer from its subsidiaries are reallocated to the segments from where they have arisen. The same applies, by

analogy, to reinsurance claims, commission income, the change in unearned premiums, the change in claims provisions, the change in other provisions and the change in deferred acquisition costs due to reinsurance. • Operating expenses of the reinsurance segment are

  • reduced by the portion of expenses attributable to the administration of the Sava Insurance Group. Sava Re operates as a virtual holding company; hence, a part of its expenses relates to the administration of the Group. Such expenses relating to the reinsurance segment are allocated to other segments based on each subsidiary's revenue. Operating expenses associated with reinsurance business within the Group are also reallocated to other segments. In this way, 66.5% of operating expenses were allocated to the segments in 2022 (2021: 66.7%). In addition, there were reallocations of operating expenses of the company TBS Team 24 (SVN) associated with the companies conducting business in the Slovenian or international non-life segments from the "other" segment to these two segments.
  • Investment income and expenses are reallocated from the reinsurance segment to the non-life insur-

ance and life insurance segments using the key for the apportionment of net technical provisions for the rolling year (average of past four quarters).

• The proceeds from the sale of S Estate (RKS) have been included in the "other" segment.

The following reclassifications were made in the consolidated statement of financial position:

  • Goodwill was attributed to the segment where it arose.
  • The balance of financial investments associated with the Group's reinsurance share of technical provisions is reallocated from the reinsurance segment to the non-life and life segments using the key for the apportionment of net technical provisions for the rolling year (average balance at the end of the past four quarters).
  • The reinsurers' share of technical provisions (reinsurers' share of unearned premiums, claims provisions and other provisions) and deferred acquisition expenses are reallocated to other segments in the same way as described in indent one of reallocations of income statement items.
  • Subordinated liabilities are shown in the "other" segment.

EUR 2022 2021 Index
Net premiums earned 701,377,709 686,574,317 102.2
Income from investments in associates 1,285,731 772,886 166.4
Investment income 29,004,910 34,057,270 85.2
Net realised and unrealised gains on investments of life insurance
policyholders who bear the investment risk
0 68,719,103 -
Other technical income 21,781,521 19,101,970 114.0
Other income 30,482,774 27,037,764 112.7
Net claims incurred -419,716,183 -408,814,273 102.7
Change in other technical provisions 18,514,205 23,872,769 77.6
Change in technical provisions for policyholders who bear the investment
risk
24,319,262 -115,064,830 -21.1
Expenses for bonuses and rebates -302,347 -276,004 109.5
Operating expenses -228,329,299 -219,931,765 103.8
Expenses for financial assets and liabilities -13,872,931 -5,710,086 243.0
Net realised and unrealised losses on investments of life insurance
policyholders who bear the investment risk
-60,682,135 0 -
Other technical expenses -17,532,777 -14,337,516 122.3
Other expenses -2,347,232 -2,466,335 95.2
Profit or loss before tax 83,983,208 93,535,270 89.8

A key impact on the profit for 2022 compared to 2021 is the weaker underwriting performance and higher claims incurred in the Slovenian non-life segment, driven by several factors: claims inflation, the subsiding impact of the epidemic (with a rise in motor accident frequency) and increased property claims due to major weather-related and other claims. The recent surge in inflation was not expected, neither in Europe nor globally. Therefore, insurers could not factor it into the pricing of insurance products for policies written in the first half of 2022 and for years before. However, a claim filed a year or more after a policy is sold will have to be paid at inflation-adjusted rates. Rate increases on insurance products in the second half of the year offset the inflationary increase in the claims of new policies sold. The lower investment result was due to the drop in the market value of investments designated to the FVTPL category as a result of the increase in required yields in the financial markets (net effect of EUR 6.0 million) and the effect of the change on the revaluation of the HTM portfolio of Vita, which was revalued to fair value on its first-time consolidation in 2020.

In the income statement, exchange differences are recorded within the items to which the exchange differences relate. The Group seeks to maintain a balanced foreign currency position and, for the sake of transparency, the following table shows the impact of exchange rate differences on these items as well as the cumulative effect of exchange rate differences on the income statement. Below we explain the categories most affected by exchange rate differences, excluding their impact.

Effect of exchange differences on the consolidated income statement

2021
EUR Basic statement Adjusted statement Effect of exchange
differences
Basic statement Adjusted statement Effect of exchange
differences
Net premiums earned 701,377,709 700,950,140 427,569 686,574,317 686,849,526 -275,209
Commission income 9,749,076 9,749,645 -569 8,640,223 8,651,903 -11,680
Net claims incurred 419,716,183 420,105,579 389,396 408,814,273 403,616,209 -5,198,064
Change in deferred acquisition costs -3,013,935 -3,082,869 -68,934 1,926,381 1,967,868 41,487
Net investment income/expenses 16,417,710 15,185,507 1,232,203 29,120,070 24,704,340 4,415,730
Net other technical income/expenses -5,781,818 -4,951,550 -830,268 -3,875,769 -4,057,342 181,573
1.149.397 -846.163

Net premiums earned42

Net premiums earned

EUR Net premiums
earned
2021 Index
Gross premiums written 774,134,291 729,898,408 106.1
Net premiums earned 701,377,709 686,574,317 102.2

Net premiums earned by class of business43

EUR 2022 2021 Index
Property 152,792,833 147,320,253 103.7
Land motor vehicles 140,712,007 128,913,705 109.2
Motor vehicle liability 126,104,292 123,475,030 102.1
Unit-linked life 109,854,342 117,255,228 93.7
Accident, health and assistance 69,875,096 62,387,121 112.0
Traditional life 65,155,570 65,171,980 100.0
General liability 20,881,219 24,899,714 83.9
Marine, suretyship and goods in transit 13,359,241 14,133,958 94.5
Other insurance 2,643,109 3,017,328 87.6
Total 701,377,709 686,574,317 102.2

Other technical income and other income

Other technical income and other income by segment (excluding the effect of exchange differences)44 (€m)

Net claims incurred45

Net claims incurred and the change in provisions related to life business

EUR 2022 2021 Index
Gross claims paid 453,351,834 406,908,665 111.4
Net claims incurred 419,716,183 408,814,273 102.7
Consolidated net claims incurred, including the change in other
provisions* and the change in the provision for unit-linked business
376,882,716 500,006,334 75.4

* This largely comprises mathematical provisions.

43 Property insurance comprises the following classes of business fire and natural forces, other damage to property, miscellaneous financial loss and legal expense insurance. Other insurance comprises aviation and credit insurance.

44 Commission income and investment property income are not included. The composition of the item "other technical income and other income" is described in section 17.4.35.

45 Included are also items of the pensions segment relating to pension annuity business in the distribution phase.

Composition of net claims incurred and the change in life insurance provisions46 (€m)

Net claims incurred and the change in provisions related to life business, by class of business47

EUR 2022 2021 Index
Property 99,936,629 95,963,434 104.1
Land motor vehicles 91,127,648 76,600,918 119.0
Motor vehicle liability 79,702,015 60,539,139 131.7
Unit-linked life 44,735,295 177,111,476 25.3
Traditional life 27,953,560 36,716,601 76.1
Accident, health and assistance 25,613,371 23,153,641 110.6
Marine, suretyship and goods in transit 6,340,643 13,764,801 46.1
General liability 1,839,382 16,552,288 11.1
Other insurance -365,827 -395,964 92.4
Total 376,882,716 500,006,334 75.4

46 The net claims incurred by operating segment include the change in other technical provisions and the change in technical provisions for policyholders who bear the investment risk. 47 The net claims incurred by operating segment include the change in other technical provisions and the change in technical provisions for policyholders who bear the investment risk.

48 Investment property expenses are excluded. The composition of other technical expenses and other expenses is described in section 17.4.35.

Other technical expenses and other expenses

Composition of other technical expenses and other expenses by segment (excluding the effect of exchange differences)48 (€m)

Operating expenses

Operating expenses

EUR 2022 2021 Index
Acquisition costs 81,688,701 77,684,219 105.2
Change in deferred acquisition costs (+/-) -3,013,935 1,926,381 -156.5
Other operating expenses 149,654,533 140,321,165 106.7
Operating expenses 228,329,299 219,931,765 103.8
Reinsurance commission income -9,749,076 -8,640,223 112.8
Net operating expenses 218,580,223 211,291,542 103.4

Net operating expenses by segment (€m)

Net investment income

The Group generated lower net investment income in 2022 than in 2021, although it realised gains on the sale of investments due to the decline in the market

value of FVTPL assets as a result of increased required yields in financial markets.

Net investment income of the investment portfolio, excluding the effect of exchange differences49

EUR 2022 2021 Absolute change
Net investment income relating to the investment portfolio 16,302,771 25,985,446 -9,682,675

Income and expenses relating to the investment portfolio, excluding the effect of exchange differences

EUR 2022 2021 Absolute change
Income
Interest income at effective interest rate 16,400,437 16,842,749 -442,312
Gains on change in fair value – FVTPL 677,950 1,302,423 -624,473
Gains on disposal of FVTPL assets 159,357 2,486 156,871
Gains on disposal of other IFRS asset categories 6,837,013 7,783,807 -946,794
Income from associate companies 1,285,731 772,886 512,845
Income from dividends and shares – other investments 1,369,127 1,847,602 -478,475
Other income 1,738,401 1,647,566 90,835
Other income from alternative funds 2,107,021 1,756,597 350,424
Income relating to investment portfolio 30,575,037 31,956,116 -1,381,079
Net unrealised gains on investments of life insurance policyholders who
bear the investment risk
0 68,719,103 -68,719,103
Expenses
Interest expenses 3,074,309 2,989,466 84,843
Losses on change in fair value of FVTPL assets 6,251,791 913,879 5,337,912
Losses on disposals of FVTPL assets 104,816 4,401 100,415
Losses on disposal of other IFRS asset categories 1,247,767 326,305 921,462
Impairment losses on other investments 532,232 161,960 370,272
Other 3,061,351 1,574,659 1,486,692
Expenses relating to investment portfolio 14,272,266 5,970,670 8,301,596
Net unrealised losses on investments of life insurance policyholders who
bear the investment risk
60,682,135 0 60,682,135

* Expenses for financial investments differ from the expenses in the income statement item "interest expenses" because they also include expenses for right-of-use assets (31 December 2022: EUR 145.9 thousand; 31 December 2021: EUR 139.5 thousand).

Net investment income relating to policyholders' assets in 2022 was EUR -60.7 million (2021: EUR 68.7 million). Despite the difference between the two periods due to the adverse financial market conditions in 2022, the lower net investment income had no impact on the profit and loss account because assets and liabilities are closely matched so that the change in the value of investments in mutual funds was matched by the change in the value of liabilities to policyholders.

Gross profit/loss for the period

Composition of the gross result by segment (excluding the effect of exchange differences) (€m)

8.1.1 Reinsurance

Unconsolidated operating expenses are presented in more detail in section 8.2 Sava Re.

Composition of the gross income statement, reinsurance

Underwriting performance improved compared to 2021 due to higher net premiums earned as a result of favourable rate developments in the global reinsurance markets. The investment result in 2022 was lower than in 2021 owing to the change in the fair value of FVTPL investments as a result of the financial market situation.

Net premiums earned

Net premiums earned, reinsurance

2022 2021 Index
120,876,083 112,091,269 107.8
113,696,164 103,729,231 109.6

The growth in gross premiums written was mainly driven by a 16.9% increase in premiums in non-proportional reinsurance, the aforementioned positive price

developments in global reinsurance markets and the capture of new business opportunities. Net premiums earned grew in line with gross premiums written.

Net claims incurred50

Net claims incurred, excluding the effect of exchange differences, reinsurance

EUR 2022 2021 Index
Gross claims paid 70,639,487 58,451,182 120.9
Net claims incurred 79,460,089 72,431,519 109.7

The higher gross claims paid are due to payment of claims from previous underwriting years. As these were paid out of established claims provisions, they had no significant impact on the final result. Net claims incurred increased at a slower rate than gross claims paid thanks to the structure of reinsurance protection for

major loss events. Hence, these had no significant impact on the result.

The net incurred loss ratio relating to the reinsurance segment thus improved by 1.3 p.p. year on year to 70.3% (2021: 69.0%).

Operating expenses

Operating costs, reinsurance

EUR 2022 2021 Index
Acquisition costs 25,048,978 24,777,943 101.1
Change in deferred acquisition costs (+/-) 76,870 -162,604 -47.3
Other operating expenses 5,241,335 4,927,409 106.4
Operating expenses 30,367,183 29,542,748 102.8
Reinsurance commission income -751,800 -798,567 94.1
Net operating expenses 29,615,384 28,744,181 103.0

Acquisition costs (commissions) increased due to higher growth in gross premiums written. Acquisition costs accounted for 20.7% of gross premiums written in 2022 (2021: 22.1%), driven by the growth of the non-proportional business, which is subject to lower acquisition costs.

Other operating costs were higher due to service costs related to the implementation of new IT solutions.

In 2022, the net expense ratio improved by 1.7 p.p. to 26.0% compared to 2021, as expenses grew more slowly than premiums.

Net investment income

Compared to 2021, the Group generated a EUR 2.0 million lower net investment income in the reinsurance

segment, mainly due to higher valuation expenses on FVTPL assets. The 2022 return was 1.0%.

8.1.2 Non-life

The 2022 result of the non-life segment declined compared to the prior year, chiefly due to weaker underwriting performance. This was mainly a result of higher net claims incurred in the Slovenian segment due to claims inflation and higher claims frequency in motor business as the impact of the epidemic is subsiding. Motor and property claims also increased due to weather-related claims, and property claims also increased due to major claims. The foreign non-life business was not affected to the same extent and achieved a EUR 2.3 million better business result, driven by a higher underwriting result due to higher net premiums earned and a higher result from other income and expenses.

Net investment income was impacted by the new financial market conditions, which, in the Slovenian segment, resulted in an increase of EUR 1.6 million in the loss from the change in fair value of assets designated as at fair value through profit or loss. On the other hand, gains on the disposal of investments rose by EUR 1.2 million. However, the net investment income generated by the non-Slovenian non-life insurers remained flat compared to the previous year, as their portfolios

mainly contain bond investments valued through other comprehensive income.

Other income and expenses of the Slovenian non-life insurers increased by EUR 0.4 million due to lower impairment charges on receivables, whereas those of the foreign non-life insurers increased by EUR 1.2 million owing to higher income from successfully settled litigation.

Net premiums earned

Net premiums earned, non-life insurance

EUR 2022 2021 Index
Gross premiums written 477,626,640 434,834,569 109.8
Net premiums earned 412,967,719 400,601,653 103.1

Net premiums earned, non-life insurance

Slovenia International
EUR 2022 2021 Indeks 2022 2021 Index
Gross premiums written 381,605,063 354,307,808 107.7 96,021,577 80,526,761 119.2
Net premiums earned 335,944,364 332,570,848 101.0 77,023,355 68,030,805 113.2

better

Gross expense ratio

Non-life, Slovenia Non-life, international

Unconsolidated gross non-life premiums of Sava Insurance Group members

EUR 2022 2021 Index
Zavarovalnica Sava, Slovenian part (non-life) 376,611,675 350,060,589 107.6
Zavarovalnica Sava, Croatian part (non-life) 15,458,348 14,173,280 109.1
Sava Neživotno Osiguranje (SRB) 29,625,362 23,121,941 128.1
Illyria (RKS) 16,134,131 13,567,221 118.9
Sava Osiguruvanje (MKD) 17,432,536 15,280,678 114.1
Sava Osiguranje (MNE) 17,392,666 14,406,332 120.7
Vita (SVN) 5,168,569 4,497,864 114.9
Total 477,823,286 435,107,905 109.8

Growth in gross premiums written was achieved in both the domestic and the international part of the non-life segment. Net premiums earned in the Slovenian part of the segment remained at the year-on-year level, whereas in the international part they grew by 13.2%. This is because, in the Slovenian part of this segment, unearned premiums related to FoS business declined in 2021 after being largely discontinued, whereas in 2022 gross unearned premiums related to other non-life business rose due to healthy growth in gross premiums written. For international business, growth in net premiums earned follows growth in gross premiums written.

While FoS-related gross premiums written dropped by EUR 4.2 million, this premium loss was offset by other non-life premiums in both Slovenia and abroad. In nonlife insurance, the largest increase in gross premiums was in motor insurance, up by EUR 28.2 million. In Slovenia, this growth was mainly in the private motor segment, as a result of an increase in average premiums and a higher number of policies sold. The increase in the average premium was driven by claims inflation, higher claim frequency and higher service costs. Motor insurance also grew in all the Group's foreign markets, especially because of the more stable motor third-party liability market in Serbia, more policies sold and higher premiums of existing policyholders in the remaining markets. Gross premiums written also grew significantly in the assistance business, as the Covid-19 situation normalised, and in the property business, due to an increase in the number of policies sold and a rise in the average premium.

Gross non-life insurance premiums by class of business

As regards the composition of gross premiums written by class of insurance in 2022, compared to 2021 there was a rise in the share of land motor vehicle, accident, health, assistance and other insurance business, and

a drop in the share of property, motor vehicle liability and general liability business due to the phasing out of FoS business in these classes of insurance.

Net claims incurred

Net claims incurred, non-life insurance

EUR 2022 2021 Index
Gross claims paid 264,999,620 224,433,036 118.1
Net claims incurred 225,035,791 209,570,019 107.4

Net claims incurred, non-life insurance

Slovenia International
EUR 2022 2021 Index 2022 2021 Index
Gross claims paid 224,522,449 183,096,666 122.6 40,477,171 41,336,370 97.9
Net claims incurred 186,146,341 175,224,523 106.2 38,889,450 34,345,496 113.2

In the Slovenian non-life segment, net claims incurred rose by EUR 10.9 million. Net claims incurred related to FoS business decreased, mainly reflecting a drop in gross claims provisions due to the settlement of claims, the closure of some files relating to business that had been discontinued and the release of IBNR provisions set aside to cover business interruption claims associated with Covid-19 after the positive outcome of a judgement in Ireland in June 2022. Net claims incurred in other non-life business increased for the

reasons already explained in the gross business result section.

The increase of EUR 4.5 million in net claims incurred in the international non-life segment mainly reflects the decline in the gross claims provision of the Croatian branch of Zavarovalnica Sava in 2021 owing to streamlining and shrinking the portfolio (in 2022 the provision increased somewhat) and the increase in the gross claims provisions of the non-life insurers in Kosovo and North Macedonian.

Unconsolidated gross non-life claims paid by Sava Insurance Group companies

EUR 2022 2021 Index
Zavarovalnica Sava, Slovenian part (non-life) 226,671,311 185,208,122 122.4
Zavarovalnica Sava, Croatian part (non-life) 8,384,288 11,102,532 75.5
Sava Neživotno Osiguranje (SRB) 12,216,383 8,906,619 137.2
Illyria (RKS) 7,195,183 7,500,271 95.9
Sava Osiguruvanje (MKD) 7,403,864 7,381,844 100.3
Sava Osiguranje (MNE) 6,512,729 6,553,001 99.4
Vita (SVN) 863,038 846,278 102.0
Total 269,246,798 227,498,668 118.4

In 2022, gross non-life claims grew as the result of growth in Slovenian gross non-life claims of 22.6%, whereas gross claims paid by non-Slovenian non-life insurers dropped by 2.1%.

The rise in gross claims paid by the Slovenian non-life insurers was mainly driven by the rise in gross motor

and property claims. Gross motor claims rose as a result of an increase in the number of reported claims compared to the previous year, when Covid-19-related measures were more stringent, and as a result of an increase in the average claim incurred because of more additional equipment and assistance systems integrated in vehicles and the related higher repairs

and parts costs due to rising inflation. Motor claim frequency also rose due to the weather-related loss events in May, June and August 2022. Gross property claims grew because of individual major loss events and weather-related events.

Gross claims paid by the international insurers dropped by EUR 0.9 million. The biggest drop in gross claims

paid was in motor insurance, as the result of portfolio cleaning in Croatia and fewer claims reported and settled. Accident insurance claims also decreased due to the exclusion of certain risks and a drop in group accident insurance claims, as well as aviation claims, as one major claim was settled in 2021.

Operating expenses

Operating expenses, non-life segment

EUR 2022 2021 Index
Acquisition costs 42,558,972 40,079,961 106.2
Change in deferred acquisition costs (+/-) -2,626,358 1,876,856 -139.9
Other operating expenses 105,079,216 96,396,661 109.0
Operating expenses 145,011,830 138,353,478 104.8
Reinsurance commission income -8,873,637 -7,682,695 115.5
Net operating expenses 136,138,193 130,670,783 104.2

Gross operating expenses, non-life segment

EUR 2022 2021 Index
Non-life, Slovenia 106,944,257 100,554,013 106.4
Non-life, international 40,693,931 35,922,609 113.3

Acquisition costs increased by 6.2%, mainly in the foreign non-life insurers, as a result of the increase in gross premiums written and the strengthening of external sales channels.

Other operating expenses rose by 9.0% in 2022, driven by the payout of a cost-of-living bonus and increased other labour costs, slightly higher IT, advertising, intellectual and personal services, and electricity costs as a result of price increases.

Gross expense ratio, non-life segment

Expenses grew more slowly than premiums, which is why the expense ratio of the non-life segment improved by 0.5 p.p. compared to 2021, by 0.4 p.p. for Slovenian non-life insurers and by 2.2 p.p. for foreign non-life insurers.

Net investment income

Net investment income of the investment portfolio of non-life insurance business totalled EUR 5.9 million in 2022, down by EUR 2.2 million from 2021. Net investment income was lower mainly as a result of higher expenses for changes in the fair value of FVTPL assets. The investment return was 1.0% in 2022.

8.1.3 Life

Net premiums earned

Net premiums earned, life insurance

EUR 2022 2021 Index
Gross premiums written 172,175,270 178,707,830 96.3
Net premiums earned 171,257,528 177,978,693 96.2

Net premiums earned, life insurance

Slovenia International
EUR 2022 2021 Indeks 2022 2021 Index
Gross premiums written 160,155,231 168,474,253 95.1 12,020,039 10,233,577 117.5
Net premiums earned 159,486,341 167,917,411 95.0 11,771,187 10,061,282 117.0

Unconsolidated gross life premiums of Sava Insurance Group companies

EUR 2022 2021 Index
Zavarovalnica Sava, Slovenian part (life) 71,260,779 71,863,249 99.2
Zavarovalnica Sava, Croatian part (life) 2,047,204 2,212,715 92.5
Illyria Life (RKS) 4,357,796 3,416,263 127.6
Sava Životno Osiguranje (SRB) 5,615,038 4,604,599 121.9
Vita (SVN) 88,894,452 96,611,004 92.0
Total 172,175,268 178,707,830 96.3

Gross premiums written by Slovenian life insurers decreased by 4.9% year on year, mainly due to lower single-premium payments at Vita compared to 2021, when they were above average due to the announced introduction of demurrage on assets in private bank life policies or make single premium contributions to existing policies. Gross premiums written by Zavarovalnica Sava in Slovenia remained roughly at the yearon-year level despite lost premiums due to maturities, deaths and surrenders, as they were offset by new sales.

premiums written by a remarkable 17.5%. Premium growth was strongest in the Kosovo company, which started selling through a bank in mid-2021, while steadily increasing sales through its own distribution network. Gross premiums written by the Serbian in-

due to increased sales of protection policies in the Slovenian market and other traditional policies in the non-Slovenian markets, as well as lower sales of unitlinked policies. The latter is solely due to the exceptional sales volume generated by Vita in the previous year as a result of the introduction of demurrage on bank deposits.

+10.6%

Net claims incurred

* This largely comprises mathematical provisions.

Net claims incurred, life insurance

Slovenia International
EUR 2022 2021 Index 2022 2021 Index
Gross claims paid 111,261,385 118,261,277 94.1 4,843,596 4,488,964 107.9
Net claims incurred 108,850,997 116,910,249 93.1 4,899,326 4,209,261 116.4
Consolidated net claims incurred,
including the change in other provisions*
and the change in the provision for unit
linked business
59,894,154 204,131,384 29.3 6,996,103 6,567,808 106.5
Net claims incurred, life insurance EUR 2022 2021 Index
Zavarovalnica Sava, Slovenian part (life) 61,622,765 79,756,136 77.3
EUR 2022 2021 Index Zavarovalnica Sava, Croatian part (life) 1,878,810 1,908,286 98.5
Gross claims paid 116,104,981 122,750,241 94.6 Illyria Life (RKS) 819,905 712,346 115.1
Net claims incurred 113,750,323 121,119,510 93.9 Sava Životno Osiguranje (SRB) 2,144,881 1,868,332 114.8
Consolidated net claims incurred, including the change in other
provisions* and the change in the provision for unit-linked business
66,890,257 210,699,192 31.7 Vita (SVN) 49,638,620 38,505,141 128.9
Total 116,104,981 122,750,241 94.6

* This largely comprises mathematical provisions.

Unconsolidated gross life claims paid by Sava Insurance Group companies

Gross claims paid in Slovenia decreased by 5.9% compared to the previous year, owing to lower claims at Zavarovalnica Sava as a result of fewer traditional life policy maturities, surrenders and deaths. At Vita, gross claims paid increased due to portfolio maturities.

The change in technical provisions for the benefit of policyholders who bear the investment risk is mainly due to the change in the value of the investments supporting these liabilities, since the investment risk is borne by the policyholders. The change in the value of the provisions and of the associated investments is recognised in profit or loss, ensuring that the effects of these valuations are shown in a neutral way in the financial statements. The overall change in technical provisions for the benefit of life policyholders is not, as a rule, exactly the same as the change in the value of the related investments, since the level of provisions is affected by factors other than the change in the value of the investments during the period (an increase due to new contributions, a decrease due to claims payments and a decrease due to a deduction of booked expenses). Because of the losses in the Slovenian unitlinked life business, net claims incurred, including the change in other and unit-linked business, were also significantly lower this year.

Gross claims paid by the non-Slovenian insurers increased by 7.9%, mainly because of higher mortality and surrenders in Kosovo and Serbia, as expected given the portfolio growth.

Operating expenses

Operating expenses, life segment

EUR 2022 2021 Index
Acquisition costs 14,044,959 12,787,016 109.8
Change in deferred acquisition costs (+/-) -464,447 212,129 -218.9
Other operating expenses 24,868,403 25,199,764 98.7
Operating expenses 38,448,915 38,198,909 100.7
Reinsurance commission income -123,639 -158,961 77.8
Net operating expenses 38,325,276 38,039,948 100.8

Gross operating expenses, life segment

EUR 2022 2021 Index
Life, Slovenia 34,378,617 34,140,052 100.7
Life, international 4,534,745 3,846,728 117.9

In 2022, policy acquisition expenses rose by 9.8% year on year, in line with stronger sales in most of the companies.

Gross expense ratio, life segment

The gross expense ratio increased by 1.3 p.p. compared to the previous year, due to a decrease in premiums in the Slovenian segment, while acquisition costs increased slightly. The gross expense ratio of the international life insurers remained largely unchanged compared to 2021.

Net investment income

Investment return and net investment income (life insurance) (€m)

Net investment income of the investment portfolio of life insurance business declined by EUR 6.6 million compared to 2021. Net investment income was lower due to higher expenses for fair value changes of FVTPL assets and lower interest income. In 2022, the Group generated gains on the disposal of investments of EUR 3.8 million in the life segment (2021: EUR 5.5 million). The investment return was 1.6% in 2022.

8.1.4 Pensions and asset management

Annuity part

EUR 2022 2021 Index
Gross premiums written 3,456,298 4,264,740 81.0
Gross claims paid -1,607,746 -1,274,206 126.2
Change in other net technical provisions (+/-) -1,799,659 -2,994,194 60.1

Gross premiums written relate to the annuity fund of Sava Pokojninska and fell by 19.0% in 2022 compared to the previous year. Recently, more policyholders have opted to remain in the accumulation part of the scheme even after meeting the retirement eligibility requirements.

Gross claims paid include supplementary pension an-

nuity payouts, which increased by 26.2% in 2022 compared to the previous year. Annuity payouts to policyholders increased in line with the rise in annuity fund assets over the recent years (increase upon meeting retirement eligibility requirements).

The change in the technical provisions for annuity funds reflects premiums paid in and claims paid out.

+5.5% Asset management revenue

Net investment income relating to investment portfolio Return on investment portfolio

Accumulation part

Other technical and other income (accumulation part, pensions and asset management segment)

EUR 2022 2021 Index
Other technical income and other income 18,269,102 17,309,584 105.5
Other technical and other income, representing as Penzisko Društvo (MKD), as a result of increased as

set management fees for pension and mutual funds, showed significant growth in 2022, especially for Sava Penzisko Društvo (MKD), as a result of increased assets under management.

Performance of funds under management (accumulation part, pensions and asset management segment)

EUR 2022 2021 Index
Opening balance of fund assets (31 December) 1,541,670,574 1,241,028,424 124.2
Fund inflows 171,692,469 204,484,308 84.0
Fund outflows -59,758,943 -42,472,037 140.7
Asset transfers -13,798,074 -10,015,759 137.8
Net investment income of fund -128,126,161 150,668,253 -
Entry and exit charges -2,397,556 -2,504,467 95.7
Exchange differences and fair value reserve -1,530,006 481,853 -
Closing balance of fund assets (31 December) 1,507,752,304 1,541,670,574 97.8

Contributions to pension and mutual funds:

  • of the group of long-term business funds of the Slovenian pension company increased by 7.8%, as the company managed to increase the average value of contributions;
  • of the mandatory and voluntary funds of the North Macedonian pension company increased by 12.2%,

mainly due to the higher amount of the average contribution, but also because of the increase in the number of members;

• of the Slovenian mutual fund management company dropped by 37.1% because of the unfavourable trends in financial markets in 2022.

The liability funds of the Slovenian pension company generated a -5.7% return in 2022 (2021: 3.4%), and the mandatory and voluntary pension funds managed by the North Macedonian pension company made a return of -2.3% (2021: 9.1%); the Slovenian company for managing mutual funds generated a return of

-18.8% on mutual funds (2021: 15.9%). The negative returns in 2022 are due to adverse developments in financial markets related to the war in Ukraine, recession expectations, stagflation and increases in base rates, whereas financial market developments one year earlier were very favourable.

Balance of funds under management at period end (accumulation part, pensions and asset management segment)

EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 Index
Sava Pokojninska 165,831,325 167,095,042 99.2
Sava Penzisko Društvo 847,491,761 804,026,425 105.4
Sava Infond 494,429,217 570,549,108 86.7
Total 1,507,752,304 1,541,670,574 97.8

Since the Slovenian mutual fund manager and the North Macedonian pension company manage policyholder assets (separately from own funds) and have no insurance function, assets under management are not included in the statement of financial position.

Operating expenses

Operating expenses, pensions and asset management segment

EUR 2022 2021 Index
Operating expenses 11,421,484 11,362,609 100.5

The cost efficiency of the operating segment continued to improve in 2022, with operating expenses increasing by only 0.5% against a 5.5% increase in other technical and other income.

Net investment income

Income, expenses and net investment income relating to investment portfolio (pensions and asset management segment)51 (€m)

Net investment income relating to the portfolio of the pension companies decreased by EUR 1.4 million compared to 2021. The decrease in net investment income is mainly due to the fair value remeasurement of assets at fair value through profit or loss. The investment return for the period was -2.0%.

In addition to the above, the lower pre-tax profit was also impacted by the provision for failure of the Slovenian pension company to meet its guaranteed return. In 2022, the North Macedonian pension company contributed more to the consolidated result of the pensions and asset management segment, while the Slovenian mutual fund management company contributed about the same as in the previous year.

8.1.5 Other

The following contributed to the significantly better consolidated result of the "other" segment in 2022:

  • disposal of the subsidiary S Estate: gain on disposal of EUR 1.0 million,
  • subsidiary TBS Team 24: EUR 1.2 million (2021: EUR 1.1 million),
  • associate companies DCB and G2I: EUR 1.3 million (2021: EUR 0.8 million).

Interest expense on subordinated debt totalled EUR 2.9 million in 2022, roughly the same year on year.

51 The figure includes the portfolios of Sava Pokojninska (excluding investment contracts), Sava Penzisko Društvo (excluding the return on the funds because the assets managed by Sava Penzisko Društvo are not stated in its statement of financial position) and Sava Infond (excluding net investment income generated by funds because fund assets managed by Sava Infond are not stated in the company's statement of financial position).

8.2 Sava Re

Net premiums earned

Gross premiums written

EUR 2022 2021 Index
Non-Group 120,835,430 112,059,053 107.8
Group 78,569,899 77,992,670 100.7
Total 199,405,329 190,051,724 104.9

Net premiums earned

EUR 2022 2021 Index
Gross premiums written 199,405,329 190,051,724 104.9
Net premiums earned 165,480,370 162,736,587 101.7

Gross premiums written outside the Group increased by EUR 8.8 million, driven by positive price developments in global reinsurance markets and the capture of new business opportunities.

The Group's gross premiums written remained roughly at the same level as in the previous year.

Gross premiums written by form of reinsurance

Net premiums earned by class of business

Gross premiums written by class of insurance

Net claims incurred52

Gross claims paid

EUR 2022 2021 Index
Non-Group 70,639,487 58,451,181 120.9
Group 58,596,536 40,791,635 143.6
Total 129,236,023 99,242,817 130.2

Net claims incurred, excluding the effect of exchange differences

EUR 2022 2021 Index
Gross claims paid 129,236,023 99,242,817 130.2
Net claims incurred 106,311,685 107,116,357 99.2

The higher gross claims paid are due to payment of claims from previous underwriting years for non-Group business. As these were paid out of established claims provisions, they had no significant impact on the final result. The development of net claims incurred reflects both a favourable development of business written and

an effective reinsurance programme to protect against large claims, which thus did not have a material impact on profits.

Sava Re's net incurred loss ratio was 64.5% in 2022, an improvement of 0.8 p.p. compared to the previous year.

Gross claims paid by class of insurance

Gross claims paid by form of reinsurance

Net claims incurred by class of business

Operating expenses

Operating expenses

EUR 2022 2021 Index
Acquisition costs, including the change in deferred acquisition costs 44,149,728 46,212,626 95.5
Other operating expenses 16,014,556 15,055,471 106.4
Operating expenses 60,164,284 61,268,097 98.2
Reinsurance commission income -5,230,850 -4,870,965 107.4
Net operating expenses 54,933,434 56,397,131 97.4

Acquisition costs decreased in 2022 owing to the smaller business volume of the Group portfolio and an increase in the structural share of non-proportional reinsurance in the non-Group portfolio, which is subject to lower acquisition costs. As a result, acquisition costs increased by only 2.1%, in line with the 8.6% increase in gross premiums earned. Acquisition costs thus account for 22.2% of gross premiums earned, down by 1.6 p.p.

Other operating expenses increased 6.4% compared to 2021 due to the cost of services related to the implementation of new IT solutions. The combined ratio for

reinsurance business includes costs related to the reinsurance business (50.2%) but excludes costs related to the management of the Group (49.8%).

Expenses by nature are shown in note 17.8.35 to the financial statements.

The higher reinsurance commission income is the result of increased commission income generated by Sava Re's retrocession business relating to reinsurance programmes of the Slovenian cedants.

Net investment income

Due to the prescribed income statement scheme, net investment income and return on investment also include exchange differences. The effect of exchange differences does not impact profit or loss, since the Company strives for maximum currency matching of investments and liabilities. For this reason, net investment income and return on investment are shown below, excluding foreign exchange differences. The total impact of exchange differences on the result is set out in the notes to the financial statement of the annual report, section 17.7.4.1.4 "Currency risk".

Sava Re's net investment income from the investment portfolio, excluding the effect of exchange differences

EUR 2022 2021 Absolute change Index
Income from financial investments 5,845,963 6,980,109 -1,134,146 83.8
Expenses for financial investments 2,145,555 572,939 1,572,616 374.5
Net investment income relating to financial
investments, including investment property
3,700,408 6,407,170 -2,706,762 57.8
Net investment income of financial investments in
subsidiaries and associates
51,728,827 50,417,783 1,311,044 102.6
Net investment income relating to the investment
portfolio
55,429,235 56,824,952 -1,395,718 97.5
Expenses relating to financial liabilities 2,873,332 2,871,050 2,282 100.1
Net inv. income of the investment portfolio, excluding
exchange differences but including subordinated debt
expenses
52,555,903 53,953,902 -1,397,999 97.4
Net inv. income of the investment portfolio, excluding
exchange differences and subordinated debt expenses
55,429,235 56,824,952 -1,395,718 97.5

Income/expenses include income/expenses relating to investment property.

Sava Re income, expenses and net investment income of the investment portfolio, excluding the effect of exchange differences53

Return on investment portfolio 7.7% 8.2% -0.5 p.p.
Net investment income relating to the investment portfolio 52,555,903 53,953,902 -1,397,999
Total expenses for the investment portfolio 6,207,089 3,443,989 2,763,100
Other 215,111 205,599 9,513
Expenses of subsidiary and associate companies 1,188,202 0 1,188,202
Losses on disposal of other IFRS asset categories 204,775 28,537 176,238
Losses on disposals of FVTPL assets 14,909 3,423 11,486
Losses on change in fair value of FVTPL assets 1,679,022 307,819 1,371,202
Interest expenses 2,905,070 2,898,611 6,459
Expenses
Total income from the investment portfolio 58,762,992 57,397,891 1,365,101
Other income from alternative funds 653,583 607,293 46,291
Other income 832,323 874,008 -41,685
Income from dividends and shares – other investments 458,074 518,598 -60,524
Income of subsidiary and associate companies 51,923,025 50,417,783 1,505,242
Gains on disposal of other IFRS asset categories 1,582,420 1,927,703 -345,283
Gains on disposal of FVTPL assets 54,611 2,200 52,411
Gains on change in fair value of FVTPL assets 254,071 480,579 -226,509
Interest income at effective interest rate 3,004,885 2,569,728 435,157
Income
EUR 2022 2021 Absolute change

Income/expenses include income/expenses relating to investment property. In the income statement these are part of the "other income/expenses" item.

Compared to 2021, the investment portfolio's income grew by EUR 1.4 million, reflecting higher interest and dividends from subsidiaries. Expenses related to the investment portfolio rose by EUR 2.8 million compared to 2021 due to the change in the fair value of assets at fair value through profit or loss and expenses related to the investments in subsidiaries and associates. As a result, net investment income from the portfolio dropped by EUR 1.4 million.

9 Financial position of the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re

9.1 Sava Insurance Group

Below we provide explanations to asset and liability items in excess of 5% of total assets at the end of the year or when items in the reporting period changed by more than 2% of equity. Notes to asset and liability items are classified according to materiality or structural proportion.

9.1.1 Assets

Total assets by type

EUR 31 Dec 2022 As % of total
31 Dec 2022
31 Dec 2021 As % of total
31 Dec 2021
ASSETS 2,534,002,659 100.0% 2,658,322,359 100.0%
1 Intangible assets 71,014,525 2.8% 67,306,775 2.5%
2 Property, plant and equipment 62,435,731 2.5% 56,337,174 2.1%
3 Right-of-use assets 7,425,544 0.3% 7,386,426 0.3%
4 Deferred tax assets 27,943,687 1.1% 5,487,403 0.2%
5 Investment property 22,795,759 0.9% 14,281,192 0.5%
6 Financial investments in associates 21,856,109 0.9% 20,479,729 0.8%
7 Financial investments 1,297,012,771 51.2% 1,472,688,443 55.4%
8 Assets held for the benefit of policyholders who
bear the investment risk
483,893,869 19.1% 517,439,592 19.5%
9 Reinsurers' share of technical provisions 65,600,524 2.6% 57,767,056 2.2%
10 Investment contract assets 172,915,796 6.8% 172,836,349 6.5%
11 Receivables 174,160,961 6.9% 149,940,870 5.6%
12 Deferred acquisition costs 28,546,775 1.1% 22,572,741 0.8%
13 Other assets 4,174,340 0.2% 4,380,387 0.2%
14 Cash and cash equivalents 93,234,465 3.7% 88,647,678 3.3%
15 Non-current assets held for sale 991,803 0.0% 770,544 0.0%

8 Assets held for the benefit of policyholders who

9.1.1.1 Investment portfolio

The investment portfolio of the Sava Insurance Group is made up of financial investments (7), investment

property (5), financial investments in associates (6), and cash and cash equivalents (14).

Sava Insurance Group investment portfolio

EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 Absolute change Index
Deposits 19,276,121 18,561,697 714,424 103.8
Government bonds 732,594,106 718,499,980 14,094,126 102.0
Corporate bonds 417,797,270 592,136,103 -174,338,833 70.6
Shares 23,109,879 35,965,685 -12,855,806 64.3
Mutual funds 22,157,731 35,861,078 -13,703,347 61.8
Infrastructure funds 53,856,376 44,532,966 9,323,410 120.9
Real estate funds 16,497,061 15,846,059 651,002 104.01
Loans granted and other investments 1,389,258 1,674,538 -285,280 83.0
Deposits with cedants 10,334,969 9,610,337 724,632 107.5
Total financial investments 1,297,012,771 1,472,688,443 -175,675,672 88.1
Financial investments in associates 21,856,109 20,479,729 1,376,380 106.7
Investment property 22,795,759 14,281,192 8,514,567 159.6
Cash and cash equivalents 78,350,660 73,977,512 4,373,148 105.9
Total investment portfolio 1,420,015,298 1,581,426,876 -161,411,577 89.8

* Cash and cash equivalents of policyholders who bear the investment risk (2022: EUR 14.9 million; 2021: EUR 14.7 million) are excluded from the investment portfolio.

The investment portfolio decreased by EUR 161.4 million compared to the end of 2021, mainly due to the negative change in the fair value reserve of the bond portion of the investment portfolio as a result of the rise in required yields because of the situation in the financial markets. In addition to the negative revaluation, the value of corporate bonds also declined because of

sales and maturities. The value of shares and mutual funds also decreased because of disposals. Funds available were reinvested in government bonds. The increase in the balance of investment property is due to the reclassification of offices not used by the Group as investment property.

Composition of the investment portfolio

EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 Change in structure (p.p.)
31 Dec 2022 – 31 Dec 2021
Fixed-rate financial investments 82.4% 84.1% -1.7
Cash and cash equivalents 5.5% 4.7% 0.8
Infrastructure funds 3.8% 2.8% 1.0
Mutual funds 1.6% 2.3% -0.7
Shares 1.6% 2.3% -0.6
Property 1.6% 0.9% 0.7
Real estate funds 1.2% 1.0% 0.2
Other* 2.4% 2.0% 0.4
Total 100.0% 100.0% 0.0

* The "other" item comprises deposits with cedants, loans granted and financial investments in associates

Composition of fixed-rate investments

EUR 31 Dec 2022 As % of total
31 Dec 2022
31 Dec 2021 As % of total
31 Dec 2021
Change in
structure (p.p.)
Government bonds 678,037,448 47.7% 660,649,307 41.8% 6.0
Regular corporate bonds 370,876,480 26.1% 502,924,829 31.8% -5.7
Government-guaranteed bonds 54,556,658 3.8% 57,850,673 3.7% 0.2
Subordinated bonds 32,649,134 2.3% 47,877,472 3.0% -0.7
Covered bonds 14,271,656 1.0% 41,333,802 2.6% -1.6
Deposits 19,276,121 1.4% 18,561,697 1.2% 0.2
Total 1,169,667,497 82.4% 1,329,197,780 84.1% -1.7

The composition of fixed-income investments differs from that shown in the 2021 annual report due to the exclusion of cash and cash equivalents from the table.

The proportion of fixed-income investments decreased by 1.7 p.p. compared to 2021, mainly due to fair value revaluation and partly due to higher balances of investment property and investments in infrastructure funds.

9.1.1.2 Assets held for the benefit of policyholders who bear the investment risk

Assets held for the benefit of policyholders who bear the investment risk are a major asset item (8). Of the companies in the Sava Insurance Group, unit-linked products where the investment risk is borne by the policyholder are marketed by Zavarovalnica Sava, Vita and Sava Životno Osiguranje.

The assets of these policyholders are recorded as financial investments (mainly in mutual funds selected by policyholders) and cash. As at 31 December 2022, financial investments totalled EUR 484.0 million, whereas cash and cash equivalents stood at EUR 14.9 million. Compared to 31 December 2021, total assets decreased by EUR 33.3 million because of a drop in the value of investments in mutual funds and other policyholder assets of EUR 67.8 million, as well as new net inflows of EUR 34.5 million (inflows of EUR 164.3 million, outflows of EUR 129.8 million).

9.1.1.3 Receivables

Receivables (11) increased by EUR 24.2 million, or

16.2%, compared to year-end 2021 (2021: a decrease

of EUR 3.9 million, or 2.6%, from year-end 2020).

Of this, EUR 15.2 million relates to primary insurance claims, most of this sum, EUR 9.0 million, representing not-past-due receivables of the reinsurance and Slovenian non-life segments. The increase in reinsurance is due to portfolio growth and, consequently, an increase in the estimated portion of premiums for the most recent underwriting year, whereas in non-life business, it is due to an increase in invoiced premiums.

Receivables arising from reinsurance and co-insurance business rose by EUR 3.7 million, or 40.6%, from 31 December 2021, as the result of major loss events in the reinsurance segment.

Current tax assets increased by EUR 3.6 million compared to 31 December 2021, with the majority of the increase coming from the Slovenian non-life segment.

Other receivables increased by EUR 1.7 million compared to year-end 2021 – an increase in the Slovenian life segment (increase in investment receivables related to the sale of investments shortly before the end of the year) and other (higher volume of assistance services at TBS Team 24).

EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 Absolute change Index change in deferred tax assets.
Assets held for the benefit of policyholders who bear
the investment risk
498,777,673 532,109,758 -33,332,085 93.7 EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 Absolute change Index
– Financial investments 483,893,868 517,439,592 -33,545,724 93.5 Investment contract assets 172,915,796 172,836,349 79,447 100.0
– Cash and cash equivalents 14,883,805 14,670,166 213,639 101.5

9.1.1.4 Investment contract assets

Investment contract assets (10) comprise liability fund assets relating to the group of life cycle funds managed by the Sava Pokojninska pension company for the benefit of policyholders and assets of the annuity fund the policies of which do not qualify as insurance contracts. As at 31 December 2022, investment contract assets totalled EUR 172.9 million, up EUR 0.1 million compared to 31 December 2021.

This increase in investment contract assets was mainly due to net flows of EUR 7.8 million (in 2022 inflows totalled EUR 14.4 million and outflows including entry and exit charges were EUR 6.6 million), net investment income of EUR -9.4 million generated in 2022 and EUR 1.7 million relating to appreciation of assets backing annuity policies.

Assets under the management of Sava Penzisko Društvo are not included in the Group's statement of financial position; these amounts are disclosed in section 8.1.4 "Pensions and asset management".

9.1.1.5 Deferred tax assets

Deferred tax assets (4) increased by EUR 22.4 million compared to year-end 2021. The drop in available-for-sale debt securities and the resulting decline in the fair value reserve are the main reasons for the

9.1.2 Equity and liabilities

Balance and composition of equity and liabilities

EUR 31 Dec 2022 As % of total
31 Dec 2022
31 Dec 2012 As % of total
31 Dec 2021
EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 2,534,002,659 100.0% 2,658,322,359 100.0%
1 Shareholders' equity 411,951,369 16.3% 504,077,018 19.0%
Share capital 71,856,376 2.8% 71,856,376 2.7%
Capital reserves 42,702,320 1.7% 42,702,320 1.6%
Profit reserves 256,945,591 10.1% 229,008,079 8.6%
Own shares -24,938,709 -1.0% -24,938,709 -0.9%
Fair value reserve -116,548,560 -4.6% 21,246,888 0.8%
Reserve due to fair value revaluation 2,093,462 0.1% 1,300,871 0.0%
Retained earnings 142,589,630 5.6% 116,166,406 4.4%
Net profit or loss for the period 40,034,954 1.6% 49,623,843 1.9%
Translation reserve -3,255,565 -0.1% -3,256,354 -0.1%
Equity attributable to owners of the controlling company 411,479,499 16.2% 503,709,720 18.9%
Non-controlling interests in equity 471,870 0.0% 367,298 0.0%
2 Subordinated liabilities 74,924,356 3.0% 74,863,524 2.8%
3 Technical provisions 1,249,942,508 49.3% 1,237,500,117 46.6%
4 Technical provisions for the benefit of life insurance policyholders who bear the investment risk 499,351,605 19.7% 524,183,338 19.7%
5 Other provisions 8,094,491 0.3% 9,018,106 0.3%
6 Deferred tax liabilities 3,648,160 0.1% 11,387,395 0.4%
7 Investment contract liabilities 172,739,040 6.8% 172,660,266 6.5%
8 Other financial liabilities 567,871 0.0% 584,924 0.0%
9 Liabilities from operating activities 56,208,903 2.2% 54,783,379 2.1%
10 Lease liability 7,436,004 0.3% 7,224,138 0.3%
11 Other liabilities 49,138,352 1.9% 62,040,154 2.3%

Gross technical provisions (3)

31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 Index
229,798,730 207,022,452 111.0
422,651,931 443,577,279 95.3
586,617,285 578,713,597 101.4
1,863,047 1,530,854 121.7
9,011,515 6,655,935 135.4
1,249,942,508 1,237,500,117 101.0

Gross provisions set aside for the non-life segment were up by EUR 21.8 million, or 4.0%, compared to year-end 2021, mainly due to higher unearned premiums, which grew by EUR 23.6 million (2021: by EUR 3.5 million) as a result of increased business volumes.

Gross provisions for reinsurance business increased by EUR 12.9 million, or 5.7%, compared to the end of 2021, due to higher claims provisions, with new provisions arising from portfolio growth and new major claims more than offsetting the decrease from claim payments.

Gross mathematical provisions declined by EUR 20.9 million, or 4.7%, mainly reflecting lower balances at Zavarovalnica Sava and Vita due to maturity payouts. The provisions of the other insurance companies increased driven by portfolio growth and the developments of the existing portfolio.

The provision for bonuses, rebates and cancellations, which represents only a small part of provisions, remained flat compared to the end of 2021.

Other gross technical provisions include gross provisions for unexpired risks. These increased by EUR 2.7 million from year-end 2021, which chiefly relates to the Slovenian non-life segment (increased business volume in fire insurance and an increase in expected loss ratios due to claims inflation).

9.1.2.2 Technical provisions for the benefit of life insurance policyholders who bear the investment risk

Gross technical provisions for the benefit of life insurance policyholders who bear the investment risk (4) totalled EUR 499.4 million at the end of 2022, a decline of 4.7%, or EUR 24.8 million, mainly due to price movements in financial markets and, consequently, fund unit values.

9.1.2.3 Shareholders' equity

Shareholders' equity (1) decreased by EUR 92.1 million mainly due to a decrease in the fair value reserve as a result of the rise in required yields because of the situation in the financial markets in 2022.

9.1.2.4 Investment contract liabilities

Investment contract liabilities (7) of Sava Pokojninska totalled EUR 172.7 million at the end of 2022, up EUR 78,774 from year-end 2021. Their movement is in line with investment contract assets, driven largely by new premium contributions, payouts and changes in fund unit prices.

9.1.2.5 Other liabilities

Other liabilities (11) decreased by EUR 12.9 million due to other accrued costs (expenses) and deferred revenue in Slovenian non-life business (a high-value insurance policy was taken out in 2021, effective in 2022).

9.1.3 Financing sources and their maturity

As at 31 December 2022, the Sava Insurance Group held EUR 412.0 million in shareholders' equity and EUR 74.9 million in subordinated liabilities. In October 2019, the parent company issued subordinated bonds with a scheduled maturity in 2039 and an early recall option for 7 November 2029. The bond is admitted to trading on the regulated market of the Luxembourg Stock Exchange. As at 31 December 2022, the market price of the bond was 74.499% and the market value EUR 56,290,346 (31 December 2021: the market price 103.532%, the market value EUR 78,065,096).

9.1.4 Cash flow

In 2022, the Sava Insurance Group generated an operating cash flow of EUR 54.8 million (2021: EUR 121.0 million). In 2022, payments of claims and expenses were higher compared to 2021.

The lower cash flow from core business (EUR -67.1 million) led to lower net outflows in investing activities (less reinvestment).

The Group posted net cash used in financing activities in the amount of EUR 28.6 million (2021: EUR 18.8 million) due to a higher dividend payout compared to 2021.

The closing balance of cash at 31 December 2022 was EUR 93.2 million (31 December 2021: EUR 88.6 million). The net cash flow for 2022 was EUR 0.6 million below the year-on-year figure.

Below, we set out items of assets and liabilities in excess of 5% of total assets as at 31 December 2022, and items that changed by more than 2% of equity. Notes

to asset and liability items are classified according to materiality or structural proportion.

9.2.1 Assets

Total assets by type

EUR 31 Dec 2022 As % of total
31 Dec 2022
31 Dec 2021 As % of total
31 Dec 2021
ASSETS 863,105,571 100.0% 832,078,756 100.0%
Intangible assets 4,068,384 0.5% 3,194,031 0.4%
Property, plant and equipment 2,553,945 0.3% 2,464,213 0.3%
Right-of-use assets 320,124 0.0% 204,879 0.0%
Deferred tax assets 8,610,373 1.0% 3,688,957 0.4%
Investment property 7,721,693 0.9% 7,899,693 0.9%
Financial investments in subsidiaries and
associates
322,935,793 37.4% 324,129,991 39.0%
Financial investments 333,328,717 38.6% 327,784,595 39.4%
Reinsurers' share of technical provisions 55,484,147 6.4% 48,486,444 5.8%
Receivables 91,271,934 10.6% 79,803,172 9.6%
Deferred acquisition costs 12,184,649 1.4% 4,869,156 0.6%
Other assets 699,783 0.1% 746,808 0.1%
Cash and cash equivalents 23,926,029 2.8% 28,806,817 3.5%

9.2.1.1 Investment portfolio

The investment portfolio is made up of financial investments (7), investments in subsidiaries and associates (6), investment property (5), and cash and cash equivalents (14).

The Sava Re investment portfolio totalled EUR 687.9 million as at 31 December 2022 (31 December 2021: EUR 688.6 million).

Sava Re investment portfolio by asset class

EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 Absolute change Index
Government bonds 214,198,804 179,718,397 34,480,407 119.2
Government bonds (excl. gvmt-guaranteed bonds) 198,953,979 163,554,849 35,399,130 121.6
Government-guaranteed bonds 15,244,825 16,163,547 -918,723 94.3
Corporate bonds 73,992,930 104,042,314 -30,049,384 71.1
Regular corporate bonds 66,695,422 89,467,085 -22,771,663 74.5
Covered bonds 2,021,505 7,145,039 -5,123,535 28.3
Subordinated bonds 5,276,003 7,430,189 -2,154,185 71.0
Shares 5,599,554 6,850,703 -1,251,149 81.7
Mutual funds 3,933,982 6,011,306 -2,077,324 65.4
Infrastructure funds 18,843,871 14,554,843 4,289,029 129.5
Real estate funds 4,584,214 4,423,724 160,490
Loans granted 1,840,393 2,572,974 -732,580 71.5
Deposits with cedants 10,334,969 9,610,337 724,632 107.5
Total financial investments 333,328,717 327,784,595 5,544,121 101.7
Financial investments in subsidiaries and associates 322,935,793 324,129,991 -1,194,198 99.6
Investment property 7,721,693 7,899,693 -178,000 97.7
Cash and cash equivalents 23,926,029 28,806,817 -4,880,788 83.1
Total investment portfolio 687,912,232 688,621,097 -708,865 99.9

The investment portfolio declined by EUR 0.7 million compared to the end of 2021. The largest change in the value of investments is in corporate and government bonds. The decrease in corporate bonds was driven by revaluation as a result of the rise in the yield curve for required yields, as well as maturities and disposals of this type of investment. Given the state of the financial markets, the proceeds from maturities and disposals

were reinvested in government bonds.

The largest share of the investment portfolio as at 31 December 2022 were financial investments in subsidiary and associate companies, which accounted for 46.9% (31 December 2021: 47.1%). Fixed-rate financial investments accounted for 41.9% of financial investments and increased compared to year-end 2021. Compared to year-end 2021, there was an increase in the balance of alternative investments, specifically infrastructure and real-estate funds, which totalled EUR 23.9 million and represented 3.5% of the investment portfolio as at 31 December 2022. Owing to the time lag between the commitment and the actual investing, the uncalled commitment relating to infrastructure and real-estate funds is disclosed off the balance sheet (amounting to EUR 4.4 million as at 31 December 2022). The lower balance of loans granted is linked to the maturity of loans granted to subsidiaries.

Composition of the investment portfolio

31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 Change in
composition in p.p.
Fixed-rate financial investments 41.9% 41.2% 0.7
Cash and cash equivalents 3.5% 4.2% -0.7
Financial investments in subsidiaries and associates 46.9% 47.1% -0.1
Infrastructure funds 2.7% 2.1% 0.6
Shares and mutual funds 1.4% 1.9% -0.5
Property 1.1% 1.1% 0.0
Real estate funds 0.7% 0.6% 0.0
Other* 1.8% 1.8% 0.0
Total 100.0% 100.0%

* The "other" item comprises loans granted and deposits with cedants.

Composition of fixed-rate investments as part of the investment portfolio

EUR 31 Dec 2022 As % of total
31 Dec 2022
31 Dec 2021 As % of total
31 Dec 2021
Change in
composition in
p.p.
Government bonds 198,953,979 28.9% 163,554,849 23.8% 5.2
Regular corporate bonds 66,695,422 9.7% 89,467,085 13.0% -3.3
Government-guaranteed bonds 15,244,825 2.2% 16,163,547 2.3% -0.1
Subordinated bonds 5,276,003 0.8% 7,430,189 1.1% -0.3
Covered bonds 2,021,505 0.3% 7,145,039 1.0% -0.7
Total 288,191,733 41.9% 283,760,710 41.2% 0.7

The composition of fixed-income investments differs from that shown in the 2021 annual report due to the exclusion of cash and cash equivalents from the table.

The proportion of other fixed-rate investments remained similar to that at year-end 2021.

9.2.1.2 Receivables

Receivables (11) recorded an increase of 14.4% or EUR 11.5 million compared to the end of 2021. Receivables arising out of primary insurance business increased by EUR 7.6 million. The largest increase was in not-past-due receivables (up EUR 3.8 million). Receivables arising out of reinsurance and co-insurance business increased by EUR 3.8 million (an increase in receivables for reinsurers' shares in claims).

9.2.1.3 Reinsurers' share of technical provisions

The reinsurers' share of technical provisions (9) increased by 14.4%, or EUR 7.0 million, compared to year-end 2021, mainly due to higher claims provisions (up EUR 5.8 million), which was mainly driven by reinsurance of large individual claims and windstorms in Slovenia.

9.2.2 Equity and liabilities

Balance and composition of equity and liabilities

EUR 31 Dec 2022 As % of total
31 Dec 2022
31 Dec 2021 As % of total
31 Dec 2021
EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 863,105,571 100.0% 832,078,756 100.0%
1 Shareholders' equity 381,861,203 44.2% 371,166,000 44.6%
Share capital 71,856,376 8.3% 71,856,376 8.6%
Capital reserves 54,239,757 6.3% 54,239,757 6.5%
Profit reserves 257,222,058 29.8% 229,238,622 27.6%
Own shares -24,938,709 -2.9% -24,938,709 -3.0%
Fair value reserve -18,461,344 -2.1% 3,619,684 0.4%
Reserve due to fair value revaluation 152,447 0.0% 96,544 0.0%
Retained earnings 13,807,182 1.6% 10,633,662 1.3%
Net profit or loss for the period 27,983,436 3.2% 26,420,064 3.2%
2 Subordinated liabilities 74,924,356 8.7% 74,863,524 9.0%
3 Technical provisions 347,000,232 40.2% 331,812,724 39.9%
5 Other provisions 392,640 0.0% 421,865 0.1%
6 Deferred tax liabilities 771,533 0.1% 76,227 0.0%
9 Liabilities from operating activities 49,649,234 5.8% 46,543,595 5.6%
10 Lease liability 320,490 0.0% 203,730 0.0%
11 Other liabilities 8,185,884 0.9% 6,991,091 0.8%

9.2.2.1 Shareholders' equity

Shareholders' equity (1) increased by 2.9%, or EUR 10.7 million, compared to year-end 2021, due to the net profit for the period, the decrease in the fair value reserve and dividend payments.

9.2.2.2 Technical provisions

Movements in gross technical provisions

EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 Index
Gross unearned premiums 52,992,395 52,775,034 100.4
Gross provision for outstanding claims 292,973,124 278,281,619 105.3
Gross provision for bonuses, rebates and cancellations 361,276 272,725 132.5
Other gross technical provisions 673,437 483,346 139.3
Gross technical provisions 347,000,232 331,812,724 104.6

Technical provisions (3) increased by 4.6%, or EUR 15.2 million, compared to 31 December 2021. This is largely due to the growth in the gross claims provision of the non-Group portfolio, which increased by EUR 13.7 million due to portfolio growth and major loss events in recent years. The movement in technical provisions is discussed in detail in note 17.8.24 of the notes to the financial statements.

9.2.2.3 Subordinated liabilities

In 2019, Sava Re issued subordinated bonds with a scheduled maturity in 2039 and with an early recall option for 7 November 2029. The subordinated bond is discussed in greater detail in section 9.2.4 "Financing source and their maturity".

9.2.2.4 Liabilities from operating activities

Liabilities from operating activities (9) as at year-end 2022 decreased by 6.7%, or EUR 3.1 million, from 31 December 2021. Liabilities from insurance business increased by EUR 2.2 million, liabilities from reinsurance and co-insurance business increased by EUR 1.3 million and current tax liabilities decreased by EUR 0.3 million.

9.2.3 Other investments of Sava Re in the insurance industry

As at 31 December 2022 Sava Re held, in addition to its investments in subsidiaries, investments in other companies in the insurance industry.

Other investments of Sava Re in the insurance industry

Holding (%) as at 31 Dec 2022
Slovenia
Skupina Prva, zavarovalniški holding, d.d. 4.04%
Zavarovalnica Triglav d.d. 0.27%
EU and other international
Bosna Reosiguranje d.d., Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.51%
Dunav Re a.d.o., Belgrade, Serbia 0.93%

9.2.4 Financing sources and their maturity

As at 31 December 2022, Sava Re held EUR 381.9 million in equity capital and EUR 74.9 million in subordinated liabilities. In October 2019, it issued subordinated bonds with a scheduled maturity date of 2039 and with an early recall option for 7 November 2029. The bond is admitted to trading on the regulated market of the Luxembourg Stock Exchange. As at 31 December 2022, the market price of the bond was 74.499% and the market value EUR 56,290,346 (31 December 2021: the market price 103.532%, the market value EUR 78,065,096).

9.2.5 Cash flow

In 2022, Sava Re generated a negative operating cash flow of EUR 1.3 million (2021: a positive cash flow of EUR 26.5 million). In 2022, payments of claims and expenses were higher compared to 2021.

The net cash inflows from investing activities increased due to the disposal and maturity of investments, the proceeds of which were not reinvested but were used to pay dividends, claims and expenses.

Sava Re's net cash used in financing activities increased because of a higher dividend payment compared to 2021.

The closing balance of cash at 31 December 2022 was EUR 23.9 million (31 December 2021: EUR 28.8 million). Net cash flow for 2022 was EUR 6.6 million lower than for 2021.

10 Human resources management54 10.1 Strategic guidelines for human resources management55

55 GRI 3-3.

The year 2022 marks the end of the 2020–2022 strategy period, for which we have set three priorities:

  • Ensure competencies for the future by attracting and retaining the best talent, and by their development and training.
  • Support the commitment of each individual by ensuring effective leadership and motivation.
  • Develop collective agility through new agile work patterns by promoting a modern organisational culture and ensure a safe, diverse and sustainable work environment.

We have set ten strategic objectives to achieve our priorities in human resources management:

    1. The Sava Insurance Group is recognised as an attractive and reputable employer in the region.
    1. We improve the organisational climate and strengthen employee commitment.
    1. We recognise individual talents, run analyses of their needs and potential, and further their development.
    1. We develop and promote modern on-the-job training forms (e.g. coaching, rotation, internal trainers and programmes).
    1. We are developing a system of goal-oriented leadership that ensures that expectations are clearly communicated and regular feedback is provided, ensuring that each employee receives performance assessments and re-

wards.

    1. We have in place systematic succession planning, we analyse and develop future leaders and other key employees.
    1. We promote open, honest and trusting relations and communication with employees and external stakeholders.
    1. We develop a culture of continuous improvement and innovation.
    1. We develop a flexible organisation, work forms and conditions, providing flexible employment models.
    1. We promote and ensure a healthy and high-quality lifestyle for our employees.

10.2 Key activities in human resources management56

In 2022, human resources management focused on the following activities:

• Through the Never Alone project, we continued our Group-wide employee engagement activities to retain and attract the best people. We are building an employer brand so that each company in our Group is recognised as a responsible and attractive employer.

  • We have fostered a good climate and commitment among our employees through various events and activities.
  • Leaders, potential successors and other talents were involved in development activities.
  • Through internal seminars, events and a strategy confer-

ence, we ensured the transfer of best practice and experience between Group companies.

  • We started to optimise and digitise HR processes.
  • Based on an in-depth analysis of our processes and environment, we developed a HR strategy for the period 2023–2027.

In the Sava Insurance Group, we are aware of our responsibility to our employees; we, therefore, strive to closely follow our objectives in strategic human resources management. In the 2020–2022 strategy period, we delivered on all the key strategic objectives, and prepared an even more ambitious strategy for the 2023–2027 period.

Sava Insurance Group employs 2,952 people

54 GRI 2-7.

56 GRI 3-3.

10.3 Recruitment and staffing levels

The Sava Insurance Group recognises needs, develops a recruitment plan, and actively pursues it after its adoption.

We recruit professionally qualified and motivated staff, ensuring an effective induction and training programme that to enable them to integrate successfully and quickly into their workplace. We develop and train our employees in line with the needs of the Company and the Group, and aspire to create a productive and motivating work environment.

The tables below give details on employees (under employment contracts) by various criteria.

Ekvivalent polnega delovnega časa na zadnji dan leta

2022 2021 Change
Zavarovalnica Sava 1,186.8 1,222.6 -35.8
Sava Neživotno Osiguranje (SRB) 359.3 341.0 18.3
Sava Osiguruvanje (MKD) 218.4 229.2 -10.9
Illyria (RKS) 215.8 211.3 4.5
Sava Osiguranje (MNE) 136.0 133.0 3.0
Sava Re 133.3 126.6 6.7
Sava Životno Osiguranje (SRB) 103.4 105.9 -2.4
Illyria Life (RKS) 63.0 59.0 4.0
Vita (SVN) 52.0 48.0 4.0
Sava Car (MNE) 46.5 43.3 3.3
Sava Penzisko Društvo (MKD) 43.0 37.0 6.0
TBS Team 24 (SVN) 35.5 30.3 5.3
Sava Infond (SVN) 35.0 33.5 1.5
ZS Svetovanje (SVN) 23.0 26.0 -3.0
Sava Agent (MNE) 17.0 16.8 0.3
Sava Pokojninska (SVN) 13.8 13.0 0.8
Ornatus KC (SVN) 13.0 12.0 1.0
Sava Car (SRB) 5.0 - 5.0
Sava Station (MKD) 4.8 10.8 -6.0
Total 2,704.3 2,698.9 5.4

10.3.1 Number of employees as at year end57

In 2022, the number of employees in the Sava Insurance Group increased compared to the previous year, especially in the areas of sales support and IT.

A total of 20 people joined Sava Re in 2022. New staff was recruited primarily due to increased workload, redeployment within the Company or the Group, departures and maternity leave.

In 2022, 15 employees left Sava Re. The most common grounds for termination of employment were termination by mutual agreement and redeployment to the Group's subsidiaries.

Number of employees by number of employment contracts on the last day of the year

2022 2021 Change
Zavarovalnica Sava (SVN) 1,277 1,297 -20.0
Sava Neživotno Osiguranje (SRB) 398 352 46.0
Sava Osiguruvanje (MKD) 234 240 -6.0
Illyria (RKS) 221 217 4.0
Sava Osiguranje (MNE) 138 139 -1.0
Sava Re 147 142 5.0
Illyria Life (RKS) 65 60 5.0
Sava Životno Osiguranje (SRB) 140 138 2.0
Sava Pokojninska (SVN) 15 13 2.0
Sava Car (MNE) 53 51 2.0
Sava Agent (MNE) 44 44 0.0
Sava Station (MKD) 7 16 -9.0
ZS Svetovanje (SVN) 23 27 -4.0
ASISTIM (SVN) 13 12 1.0
TBS Team 24 (SVN) 36 31 5.0
Sava Penzisko Društvo (MKD) 43 39 4.0
Sava Infond (SVN) 37 34 3.0
Vita (SVN) 56 51 5.0
Sava Car (SRB) 5 5.0
Total 2,952 2,903 49

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Number of employees by type of employment (part-time, full-time) as at year end58

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
2022 2021 2022 2021
Type of employment Number Share Number Share Number Share Number Share
Part-time 306 10.4% 287 9.9% 24 16.3% 28 19.7%
Full-time 2,646 89.6% 2,616 90.1% 123 83.7% 114 80.3%
Total 2,952 100.0% 2,903 100.0% 147 100.0% 142 100.0%

As at year-end 2022, the Sava Insurance Group had 2,646 full-time employees (2022: 89.6%) and 306 part-time employees (2022: 10.4%). Part-time employees were those who had disabled status, those who exercised the right to child-care leave, agents in first employment, and employees in split employment in the Group.

As at year-end 2022, Sava Re employed 123 full-time employees (2022: 83.7%) and 24 part-time employees (2022: 16.3%). Most work on a full-time employment contract. Altogether 24 employees are in part-time employment, and the difference between this and full-time employment is covered by employment with the subsidiary, Zavarovalnica Sava. Additionally, part-time employment is offered to employees with statutory childcare rights.

Number of employees by type of contract as at year end59

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
2022 2021 2022 2021
Type of employment Number Share Number Share Number Share Number Share
Fixed-term contract 485 16.4% 481 16.6% 2 1.4% 7 4.9%
Contract of indefinite
duration
2,467 83.6% 2,422 83.4% 145 98.6% 135 95.1%
Total 2,952 100.0% 2,903 100.0% 147 100.0% 142 100.0%

The majority of jobs in both the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re are permanent.

59 GRI 2-7.

Employees covered by collective bargaining agreements as at year end60

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
2022 2021 2022 2021
Employees covered by the collective bargaining
system
Number Share Number Share Number Share Number Share
Employees covered by the collective bargaining
agreement
2,819 95.5% 2,675 92.1% 125 85.0% 120 84.5%
Employees not covered by the collective
bargaining agreement
133 4.5% 228 7.9% 22 15.0% 22 15.5%
Total 2,952 100.0% 2,903 100.0% 147 100.0% 142 100.0%

The majority of employees are covered by a system of collective bargaining. The members of management and senior management are outside the collective bargaining system.

Employees by level of education as at year end61

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
2022 2021 2022 2021
Level of formal education Number Share Number Share Number Share Number Share
Primary and lower secondary education 7 0.2% 7 0.2% 0 0.0% 0 0.0%
Secondary education 1,175 39.8% 1,181 40.7% 13 8.8% 15 10.6%
Higher education 304 10.3% 288 9.9% 4 2.7% 3 2.1%
University education 1,322 44.8% 1,274 43.9% 110 74.8% 96 67.6%
Master's degree or doctorate 144 4.9% 153 5.3% 20 13.6% 28 19.7%
Total 2,952 100.0% 2,903 100.0% 147 100.0% 142 100.0%

In 2022, the structure of Sava Insurance Group employees by level of education did not change significantly compared to the previous year. The percentage of employees with primary school education remains low (2022: 0.2%), whereas the percentage of employees with secondary school education is high (2022: 39.8%) and is mainly related to insurance sales. The majority of employees, 44.8%, have a university degree.

All Sava Re employees have attained at least secondary-level education. The majority (2022: 74.8%) have a university degree, and the percentage of employees with a master's or doctoral degree is also high (2022: 13.6%). The Company's activity requires and relies on highly qualified staff, who are encouraged to take part in further training and participate in various formal education programmes.

Employees by age group as at year end62

  • 62 GRI 2-7.
  • 63 The authorised representative of the management board was excluded from the calculation.
  • 64 GRI 2-7, 405-01.
  • 65 GRI 405-02.
Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
2022 2021 2022 2021
Age group Number Share Number Share Number Share Number Share
From 20 to 25 140 4.7% 118 4.1% 3 2.0% 1 0.7%
From 26 to 30 202 6.8% 223 7.7% 13 8.8% 14 9.9%
From 31 to 35 382 12.9% 378 13.0% 23 15.6% 14 9.9%
From 36 to 40 427 14.5% 452 15.6% 18 12.2% 24 16.9%
From 41 to 45 568 19.2% 529 18.2% 28 19.0% 28 19.7%
From 46 to 50 454 15.4% 459 15.8% 29 19.7% 28 19.7%
From 51 to 55 390 13.2% 373 12.8% 16 10.9% 17 12.0%
over 56 389 13.2% 371 12.8% 17 11.6% 16 11.3%
Total 2,952 100.0% 2,903 100.0% 147 100.0% 142 100.0%
The composition of Sava Insurance Group employees by age group in 2022 was
similar to previous years.

The average employee age at Sava Re increased slightly in 2022 to 43 years. The higher share of employees aged 35 and under is 5.7 p.p. higher due to the high number of young recruits. The average age of members of the Company's management bodies in 2022 was 49 years63.

Employees by gender as at year end64

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
2022 2021 2022 2021
Gender Number Share Number Share Number Share Number Share
Women 1,709 57.9% 1,565 53.9% 93 63.3% 92 64.8%
Men 1,243 42.1% 1,338 46.1% 54 36.7% 50 35.2%
Total 2,952 100.0% 2,903 100.0% 147 100.0% 142 100.0%

The Sava Insurance Group's employee structure by gender is still balanced, with a growing percentage of women in recent years (2022: 57.9%) compared to the percentage of men. Both women and men are represented in all business areas and at all levels of management.

The gender ratio at Sava Re in 2022 remained about the same as the previous year. The majority of employees were women (2022: 63.3%), who were represented at all levels of management and in all professional areas. The percentage of men (2022: 36.7%) was slightly larger than the previous year's figure, when it was 1.5 p.p. higher.

The basic salary of women is the same as the basic salary of men in all employee categories65.

Employees by years of service in company as at year end66

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
2022 2021 2022 2021
Years of service Number Share Number Share Number Share Number Share
From 0 to 5 years 1,108 37.5% 678 23.4% 78 53.1% 80 56.3%
6–10 years 554 18.8% 427 14.7% 24 16.3% 23 16.2%
11–15 years 478 16.2% 490 16.9% 24 16.3% 20 14.1%
16–20 years 364 12.3% 361 12.4% 8 5.4% 6 4.2%
21–30 years 341 11.6% 575 19.8% 11 7.5% 11 7.7%
Over 30 years 107 3.6% 372 12.8% 2 1.4% 2 1.4%
Total 2,952 100.0% 2,903 100.0% 147 100.0% 142 100.0%

The largest employee group in the Sava Insurance Group in terms of years of service is the first group – employees with up to five years of service (2022: 37.5%). The percentage of employees with 21 to 30 years of service remains relatively high (2022: 11.6%).

Most Sava Re employees are in the first and second group, which is largely attributed to increased recruitment in the past decade. Employees with up to five years' service account for 53.1% of the Company's workforce.

Members of management body by gender

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
Members of management body by gender Number Share Number Share
Number of men in management body 35 76.1% 2 66.7%
Number of women in management body 11 23.9% 1 33.3%
Total 46 100.0% 3 100.0%

At both the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re, we work to ensure that both genders are represented in the management of our companies, with the aim of having an average representation of at least 25% of women.

The management board of Sava Re consists of three members: the chairman, and two members of the management board.

The management board, as defined in the Company's internal act on the organisation of work and job classification, also includes three authorised representatives of the management board, who are not authorised to conduct the business.

Employees at management levels 1 and 2 by gender

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
Employees by gender Number Share Number Share
Number of men at management levels 1 and 2 146 58.4% 18 64.3%
Number of women at management levels 1 and 2 104 41.6% 10 35.7%
Total 250 100.0% 28 100.0%

The Sava Insurance Group's employee structure at the first and second management levels is balanced, with the proportion of men being 6.8% higher than the proportion of women.

The proportion of men at the first and second management levels in Sava Re is 28.6% higher than the proportion of women.

Absenteeism is calculated as the number of lost workdays due to absences divided by the product of the average number of employees multiplied by the average number of workdays during the year. The following table shows the absenteeism rate by company in 2022 relative to 2021. The absenteeism rate in Sava Insurance Group companies remained largely the same as in the previous year.

In 2022, the absenteeism rate in Sava Re remained unchanged from the previous year at 0.31%. This result can be attributed in particular to the possibility of working from home and of promoting healthy lifestyles among employees.

Absenteeism rate68

2022 2021
Rate Rate
Zavarovalnica Sava (SVN) 5.96% 4.63%
Sava Neživotno Osiguranje (SRB) 3.14% 4.95%
Sava Osiguruvanje (MKD) 0.42% 0.33%
Illyria (RKS) 1.48% 0.36%
Sava Osiguranje (MNE) 3.15% 4.67%
Sava Re 0.31% 0.31%
Illyria Life (RKS) 0.53% 0.65%
Sava Životno Osiguranje (SRB) 1.82% 2.45%
Sava Pokojninska (SVN) 1.81% 1.39%
Sava Car (MNE) 1.09% 3.28%
Sava Station (MKD) 1.41% 1.15%
ZS Svetovanje (SVN) 0.44% 0.74%
Sava Agent (MNE) 8.46% 5.46%
ASISTIM (SVN) 7.04% 7.31%
TBS Team 24 (SVN) 4.83% 5.52%
Sava Penzisko Društvo (MKD) 0.44% 1.21%
Sava Infond (SVN) 3.18% 2.37%
Vita (SVN) 9.14% 5.76%
Sava Car (SRB) 4.92% -

Work-related injuries69

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
2022 2021 Indeks 2022 2021 Index
Number of injuries 9 7 128.6 0 0 -
Number of working days lost 123 149 82.6 0 0 -
Number of working hours lost 639 1,142 56.0 0 0 -

The number of injuries in the Sava Insurance Group in 2022 was small. The number of working days lost and of working hours lost decreased in 2022 compared to 2021.

In 2022, Sava Re did not record any work-related injuries.

Employee turnover rate70

The employee turnover rate is measured as the ratio of the number of employees who left during the year to the total number of employees as at the year end. The employee turnover rate remained roughly the same across the Group (2022: 16.88%, 2021: 16.62%).

Employee turnover rate

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
2022 2021 Difference 2022 2021 Difference
Number of employees who left 490 483 7 15 10 5
Number of employees as at the previous year end 2,903 2,906 -3 142 130 12
Employee turnover rate 16.9% 16.6% 0.3% 10.6% 7.7% 2.9%

The employee turnover rate in Sava Re increased by 2.9 p.p. compared to the previous year, to 10.6%, which can also be attributed to redeployment within the Group (in particular the transfer of asset management to the subsidiary Infond and two cases of retirement).

Overview of employee arrivals and departures by gender in current year
Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
Arrivals Departures Arrivals Departures
Gender Number Structure Number Structure Number Structure Number Structure
Women 337 62.5% 305 62.2% 11 55.0% 10 66.7%
Men 202 37.5% 185 37.8% 9 45.0% 5 33.3%
Total 539 100.0% 490 100.0% 20 100.0% 15 100.0%

The gender structure of employees arriving and departing in 2022 did not have a significant impact on the gender structure of the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re.

Overview of employee arrivals and departures by age in current year

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
Arrivals Departures Arrivals Departures
Age group Number Share Number Share Number Share Number Share
From 20 to 25 102 18.9% 68 13.8% 3 15.0% 0 0.0%
From 26 to 30 102 18.9% 79 16.1% 2 10.0% 1 6.7%
From 31 to 35 76 14.1% 60 12.2% 8 40.0% 2 13.3%
From 36 to 40 68 12.6% 61 12.4% 1 5.0% 0 0.0%
From 41 to 45 78 14.5% 59 12.0% 1 5.0% 2 13.3%
From 46 to 50 45 8.3% 47 9.6% 4 20.0% 6 40.0%
From 51 to 55 28 5.2% 31 6.3% 1 5.0% 2 13.3%
over 56 40 7.4% 86 17.5% 0 0.0% 2 13.3%
Total 539 100.0% 491 100.0% 20 100.0% 15 100.0%

The Group recorded arrivals and departures of employees in all age groups. The largest share of employees joining the Sava Insurance Group were in 2022 in the 20–25 and the 26–30 age groups (2022: 18.9%).

Most new employees at Sava Re fall into the 31–35 age group (2022: 40.0%), 46–50 age group (2022: 20.0%) and 20–25 age group (2022: 15.0%). Other arrivals are largely balanced within all age groups. Most employees who left the Company were in the 46–50 age group (2022: 40.0%).

Parental leave71

Employees on parental leave

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
2022 2021 2022 2021
Gender Number Share Number Share Number Share Number Share
Women 90 5.3% 89 5.7% 5 5.4% 6 6.5%
Men 8 0.6% 6 0.4% 3 5.6% 3 6.0%
Total 98 3.3% 95 3.3% 8 5.4% 9 6.3%

Employees who returned from parental leave

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
2022 2021 2022 2021
Gender Number Share Number Share Number Share Number Share
Women 40 2.3% 39 2.5% 1 1.1% 4 4.3%
Men 7 0.6% 6 0.4% 3 5.6% 3 6.0%
Total 47 1.6% 45 1.6% 4 2.7% 7 4.9%

At both the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re, we enable employees to take parental leave and ensure their smooth return to work.

10.4 Employee training and development72

10.4.1 Types and scope of training

We are aware that the professional development of each employee is a prerequisite for the development and attainment of goals at the individual level as well as at the level of each company and the entire Sava Insurance Group. We offer our employees interesting work in culturally diverse international environments. We are creating a working environment that supports their professional and personal development.

In the Sava Insurance Group, we build employee knowledge and competences through numerous external and in-house training programmes. We encourage them to pursue additional training and education in their respective areas of expertise. Our employees took part in group and individual training programmes in leadership skills, communication, efficient sales, innovation, teamwork, change acceptance and management, and time management.

We encourage employees in all companies to reintegrate into formal education. Companies enable and encourage employees to obtain and retain licenses required for sales personnel and other professional staff. At Sava Re, we recognise the importance of professional training and involve our employees in the process based on the requirements of individual positions. We encourage all employees to participate, taking into account their personal and career development needs.

We are aware of the importance of intergenerational cooperation and the added value of the work environment that fosters cooperation between young talents and experienced employees. New employees take part in a tailored induction programme, which enables them to integrate promptly and effectively into the work process. They are assigned a mentor and a leader who provide them professional support in preparing for more complex and responsible work. Performance is regularly reviewed at the end of the induction period.

We developed the leadership competencies of future leaders and those who have recently taken up a managerial position through participation in the Leader as a Coach training programme. A group of leaders took part in a networking training workshop on coaching to train their mindset and skills to use coaching and to practise effective leadership techniques. Each workshop participant also had an individual coach to support them in achieving their goals. In 2023, these workshops will be organised for the second group of leaders.

We are aware that we can achieve our goals only with competent, qualified, experienced and motivated employees. In the Sava Insurance Group, we promote the development and transfer of knowledge and skills. We create synergies by sharing knowledge and good practices between professional services and companies in the Group. To achieve this, we organise expert meetings for representatives of all companies at events or professional conferences, providing an opportunity to share knowledge and skills and to inform each other of results and plans. In 2022, we held internal seminars, including for data protection officers, human resources, procurement, sustainability, internal audit and risk management.

We organised an international strategic conference that brought together employees from across the Sava Insurance Group to exchange experiences, analyse current challenges, share best practices and prepare improvements that will contribute to more efficient operations. The main theme of the strategic conference was the preparation of the 2023–2027 business strategy. Seminar for Data Protection Officers (DPOs) from all Group compa-

nies and their deputies.

Key data on employee training73

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
2022 2021 Indeks 2022 2021 Index
Hours of training 57,139 53,015 107.8 2,184 2,393 91.3
Number of training participants 2,326 2,264 102.7 93 125 74.4

73 GRI 404-01.

74 GRI 404-01.

75 GRI 404-01.

The number of training participants in the Sava Insurance Group in 2022 was roughly the same as in the previous year, but the number of training hours was slightly higher. In 2022, there was a 7.8% increase.

Training events were attended by 93 Sava Re employees. This amounted to a total of 2,184 training hours.

In addition to a wide range of professional content, in 2022 the Sava Insurance Group employees attended various workshops and lectures on soft skills, language courses and in-house hands-on workshops to develop various functional skills and competencies.

Number of training hours by type of training74

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
2022 2021 Indeks 2022 2021 Index
Number of internal education/
training hours
45,762 40,711 112.4 240 116 206.9
Number of external education/
training hours
11,377 12,305 92.5 1,944 2,277 85.4
Total education/training hours 57,139 53,015 107.8 2,184 2,393 91.3

In 2022, the Sava Insurance Group had more hours of internal education/training and fewer hours of external education/training compared to the previous year. The number of hours of internal education/training hours was 12.4% higher in 2022, which could be linked to the increase in online training that can be attended from anywhere.

The number of internal training hours in Sava Re increased by 106.9%.

Average hours of employee training by gender75

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
Gender Number Hours of training Average Number Hours of training Average
Women 1,356 32,152 23.7 62 1,426 23.0
Men 970 24,987 25.8 31 758 24.5
Total 2,326 57,139 24.6 93 2,184 23.5

On average, the percentage of training hours was higher for men than for women in both the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re.

10.4.2 Succession planning

The supervisory boards of Group companies monitor the situation regarding each member of the management body. Annual performance appraisal interviews with these members also cover the issue of succession planning.

We encourage all companies to include all key executives in their processes for determining the foreseen successors and potential successors.

At Sava Re, we have set up a process designed to identify potential substitutes and successors for members of the management board and for directors directly reporting to the management board.

In annual interviews, all management board members and all directors directly reporting to the management board identify potential substitutes in case of an unforeseen prolonged absence, and identify potential successors in

case of the termination of the employee's position.

All management board members and directors directly reporting to the management board have designated their foreseen substitutes for key areas of their responsibility for cases of unforeseen prolonged absences. Most of them also identified a potential successor within the company or Group. We believe that in the case of an unforeseen departure of an individual member of the management board or of a director the position could, at least temporarily, be filled by identified potential replacements or successors. In the short term, a single director could run two related organisational units.

We are aware how important our key professional and promising employees are, and through training we prepare them for more demanding tasks and positions with greater responsibilities. The range of the training programmes that we organise and deliver demonstrates our commitment to the professional development and progress of all our employees.

The process of identifying and developing potential successors will be further encouraged and developed within the Group.

10.5 Management and motivation76

At the Sava Insurance Group, we foster an environment in which our employees develop and realise their potential. Good performance and achievements are recognised and improved. We invest in the development of leadership and cooperation competencies. We encourage employee motivation and commitment to achieving common goals. We revamp and adapt our processes in order to provide for effective work organisation and engagement of employees in various projects.

In the Sava Insurance Group, we build and promote a culture of innovation. Companies have established formal and informal systems for collecting innovative proposals.

Zavarovalnica Sava introduced a new method of collecting innovative proposals or initiatives for improvement called "IzboljSava" (ImproveSava), and organised innovation days, which also welcomed employees from other Group companies. By completing an online form, all employees can submit, proposals for improvements or innovations, express their approval or report an inconsistency, deficiency or error. Proposals or reports may relate to business processes, insurance products, compliance of business operations, risks and internal controls, as well as employees and internal relationships.

10.5.1 Leader development

In all the companies, leaders are the key people who have a significant impact on creating a positive climate, employee engagement, satisfaction and loyalty. It is therefore of utmost importance that we educate them and build their leadership competencies in order to develop a modern organisational culture.

At Sava Re, we have established a process of analysing and developing leadership competencies for existing leaders, new leaders, and other key and potential members of senior management. We organise a competency assessment for a team of new leaders and potential successors in leadership positions, and draw up personal development plans based on the results and feedback. They then develop their leadership and collaboration skills in tailored, hands-on workshops where they put leadership theory to the test through teamwork and role-playing.

10.5.2 Never Alone project

The employment market is very competitive and every company aspires to attract staff with relevant skills and competencies that will help shape the company's future. At the Sava Insurance Group, we are aware of the importance of an attractive employer brand, as it allows us to communicate with prospective employees and maintain good relations with existing employees to increase their loyalty and satisfaction. To this end, in 2022 we continued to carry out many of the activities designed for the Never Alone project. Our aim is to create the best possible work environment for our employees and to become an even more attractive and welcoming employer. To be recognised as such by the public, the project went further and developed an employee value proposition. The project involved the creation of focus groups that would reflect as closely as possible the Company's employees. To get as realistic a picture as possible of the employee experience, the participants were from different age groups, with different lengths of service and with various professional backgrounds. Participation in the focus groups was voluntary. We

created a visual brand image for internal communication and the employee value proposition for both Sava Re and the Sava Insurance Group and all Group companies. We set up a communication strategy, implemented it, and set about establishing an extended communication infrastructure. Our communication strategy will be further strengthened and developed in the coming 2023–2027 strategy period, both with the existing staff and in the search for new staff. We also embarked on the overhaul or establishment of a new communication infrastructure for our employees, which encompasses a new intranet site for the Sava Insurance Group, Sava Re and Zavarovalnica Sava.

10.5.3 Employee benefits77

The Sava Insurance Group offers numerous benefits to our employees. Each company makes provision for this according to its capacities, including preventive healthcare, team building, a motivating and positive working atmosphere, work-life balance, and general wellbeing in the workplace. We also provide a flexible working environment and working hours, as well as solidarity in the event of any personal crises of our employees. In 2022, the first Sava Insurance Group Sports Games were organised, bringing together more than 700 employees from all Group companies and countries. Our ambition is to make the games an annual event where employees from different companies meet, make new friends, nurture old friendships and get together in an informal setting.

In 2022, Sava Re organised a number of meetings and events. In the spring, we invited all the participants in the creative competition that took place during the epidemic and their companions to a day trip to Gardaland, the biggest amusement park in Italy. In the summer, we organised a team-building event and a live picnic. The teambuilding event was an opportunity for employees to socialise and get to know each other through a game. At the end of the year, we had a New Year's party, live after more than two years. Our colleagues from Vita joined us for the teambuilding and New Year's party. In December, the children of the employees were also taken care of – a show was organised for them and each child received a present.

Every year Sava Re offers its employees at least four health and recreation events in the form of sports activities, workshops or lectures. In 2022, we organised a cross-country skiing course on the Pokljuka Plateau in the Triglav National Park, a lecture on "How to be OK" with Alyosha Bagola, and an e-bike trip through the Voja Valley in the Triglav National Park. There was also a free day when employees went hiking, jogging or cycling on their own. They can also join other sports activities organised by the Company: yoga, tennis and volleyball. Fresh seasonal fruit is delivered to the Company's headquarters once a week, which also contributes to overall health and well-being.

Flexible working hours

We offer all employees flexitime, which means that arrival and departure times are flexible. They can start work in the morning between 7am and 9am and finish between 3pm and 5pm. Compulsory attendance at work is between 9am and 3pm.

Sports activities

We encourage exercise, so every year we organise various exercise programmes as part of our Health Promotion Programme, such as: weekly yoga, volleyball and tennis sessions, which employees can join for free or at a minimal extra cost.

Events for employees

We organise a number of events each year to maintain and deepen relationships between colleagues, such as group team-building events, departmental team-building events, a New Year's party in December, sports games to get together with colleagues from other Group companies and more.

Working from home

In accordance with the Company's rules on working from home, all employees, apart from some exceptions (e.g. during the probationary period), are normally entitled to occasional working from home, taking into account their individual needs.

Professional training

Knowledge is power, so we focus on employee development through training sessions. We organise a number of professional and general training courses throughout the year. These are open to all employees on equal terms. We also offer a range of additional external professional training sessions.

Insurance at a reduced price

We provide employees with affordable access to some types of insurance. They can join various group insurance schemes or take out individual insurance at a lower price with our subsidiaries.

Health Day

In addition to annual leave, staff may take an extra day off to carry out activities under the Health Promotion Programme. These are usually healthrelated sports activities or lectures on healthy lifestyles.

Parent-friendly benefits

We care for the children of our people. Paid leave is offered to parents accompanying their first grader on the first day of school, and part-time work is offered to employees with statutory childcare rights.

Holiday facilities

Because a break is necessary to recharge one's batteries and strengthen motivation, we offer our staff the opportunity to use our holiday facilities at a reduced price throughout the year. Two companyowned holiday facilities are offered in Bohinj, Slovenia, and Cres, Croatia.

Benefits for Save Re employees

Other Group companies offer similar activities and other benefits within their means.

Corporate volunteerism has been a tradition in all Sava Insurance Group companies, because we believe that by doing so, we do a lot of good in our local communities and give something back to society. In 2022, we organised various events in Slovenian companies, such as helping at the zoo and animal shelters, working with the elderly, as well as collecting clothes and supplies for those in need. Each employee can choose one event and dedicate one day to voluntary events organised by the Company. For more information on corporate volunteerism, see section 14 "Sustainability report".

All Slovenia-based companies pay voluntary supplementary pension insurance premiums for their employees: The North Macedonian insurers Sava Osiguruvanje and Sava Penzisko Društvo also pay into the voluntary pension scheme on behalf of their employees.

Companies offer additional discounts to their employees for health and other insurance, as well as a collective accident insurance scheme.

At the Sava Insurance Group, we believe in the importance of work-life balance, which is why we offer our employees various options in this regard. Zavarovalnica Sava is also a fully certified family-friendly company.

10.5.4 Annual performance appraisal interviews78

In the Sava Insurance Group, we are aware of the importance of monitoring our employees' progress and providing them with feedback through regular annual performance appraisal interviews. Group companies that recognise the added value of employee satisfaction and commitment use them as an important leadership tool. Most companies conduct annual performance appraisal interviews at least for employees up to the upper-management level.

We encourage our employees to pursue the goals that relate to the Company's strategy, which in effect implies that each employee contributes to the attainment of common goals. We regularly review employee progress, which allows us to promptly evaluate performance and coordinate our efforts in the process towards achieving our goals.

In Sava Re, annual appraisal interviews were conducted with all employees in 2022. This interview is a meeting between the manager and the employee to discuss the implementation of the previous year's objectives and the plan for the current year's objectives, the education and training provided and needed, satisfaction, expectations and other plans.

In 2022, the Sava Insurance Group conducted interviews with 1,460 employees, representing half of the total workforce. All Sava Re employees took part in annual performance appraisal interviews.

Employees involved in annual performance appraisal interviews

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
Number Share Number Share
Women 824 48.2% 93 100.0%
Men 636 51.2% 54 100.0%
Total 1,460 49.5% 147 100.0%

Spring Strategy Conference of the Sava Insurance Group held on 25 and 26 May in Pristina, Kosovo.

Employees from all Group companies and countries brought together for the first Sava Insurance Group Sports Games.

10.5.5 Health and safety at work79

Throughout the Sava Insurance Group, companies take all the necessary measures for occupational safety, health and fire protection, as required by law and internal regulations. Our companies promptly refer their employees to pre-recruitment and periodical work-related medical examinations as well as to new and periodic training in occupational safety and health, and fire safety.

Our goal is to ensure that our people feel safe in and outside their workplace, and concern for occupational safety and health is therefore one of the priorities of the Sava Insurance Group, which involves all employees, the management, the human resources department, the accredited occupational health provider and the relevant external professional service. Each year, Group companies carry out various health promotion activities in accordance with their organisational capacities. We promote a wide range of health-related activities, from lectures to physical recreational activities.

In 2022, we carried out all statutory occupational health and safety, and fire protection measures. Additional attention was paid to new and improved health promotion measures. Again in 2022, we provided adequate information and took measures to ensure occupational health and safety during the spread of Covid-19.

In 2022, Sava Re continued to provide a sophisticated and improved health promotion programme. Health Day was again organised and attended by 105 employees (71.43%).

10.5.5.1 Prevention of bullying, harassment, and violence in the workplace

Sava Insurance Group companies take measures to prevent bullying and harassment in the workplace in accordance with local legislation.

respectful relationships on which we build a positive organisational climate. We promote employee interaction and organise various formal and informal meetings to this end, while encouraging them to communicate with each other.

10.5.6 Other80

At Group level, we started in 2022 to update our procedures and measures for the prevention and elimination of mobbing, harassment and violence in the workplace in order to prevent and respond more effectively to incidents. As in the previous year, there were no reports of harassment, bullying or other forms of violence in the workplace in 2022. We promote a culture of open and Two representative labour bodies in Sava Re act as links between employees and the Company's management. These are the trade union and the workers' council. Their representatives represent all organisational units and participate in the drafting of internal acts of the Company and their amendments. Last year, we were involved in the revision of the rules on the organisation of work and job classification and in the dialogue on possible measures to alleviate the cost-of-living crisis.

Employees at the Sava Insurance Group can join rep
resentative labour bodies in their respective companies.
Any major changes are promptly communicated to
employee representatives, as prescribed by law.
Employees are regularly informed of developments in

Employees are regularly informed of developments in Group companies through the Sava Insurance Group intranet portal.

Employees are informed of the Company's activities at staff meetings, which as a rule take place on a quarterly basis. The management board presents the business results, goals and plans for the current period and the development strategy of the Company and the Group.

At Sava Re, we also inform our employees through our internal web portal Savan, through the Never Alone communication project and through other internal media and tools.

Healthy breakfast for colleagues at Illyria Life, Kosovo.

10.6 Organisational structure

Sava Re is the parent company of the Sava Insurance Group, which manages the Group alongside its core reinsurance business. The following chart shows the Company's organisation.

Organisational chart of Sava Re as at 31 December 202281

Risk control departments

Office of the management board and of compliance

Internal audit

Risk management & asset-liability management

Actuarial

11 Risk management82

Below we describe the risk and capital management systems and the significant risks to which the Sava Insurance Group is exposed. Qualitative and quantitative treatment of risk exposures is presented in section 17.7 "Risk management". These areas will also be presented in more detail in the Solvency and financial condition report of Sava Re as at 31 December 2022, which will be posted on the Company's website not later than on 6 April 2023, and in the Solvency and financial condition report of the Sava Insurance Group as at 31 December 2022, which will be published on the Sava Re website on 12 May 2023.

11.1 Risk management system

The Sava Insurance Group management is aware that risk management is key to achieving operational and strategic objectives and to ensuring the long-term solvency of the Group. Therefore, the Group is continuously upgrading its risk management system at both the Group company and Group levels.

In recent years, the Sava Insurance Group has expanded its services with the integration of non-insurance companies. The risk management system is therefore based on Solvency II requirements, but additionally takes into account the legal specifics of non-insurance companies. The risk management system in these companies is adapted according to the business activities of each of them and the scope of these activities and the risks to which a company is exposed.

The Group companies' risk culture and awareness of the risks to which they are exposed are essential to the security and financial soundness of the companies and the Group as a whole. To establish good risk management practices, the Group promotes a risk management culture with appropriately defined remuneration for employees, employee training, and relevant internal information flow at the individual company and Group levels.

The Sava Insurance Group has implemented a risk strategy that defines the Group's risk appetite and policies that cover the entire risk management framework, its own risk and solvency assessments, and risk management for each risk category. Based on the Group's risk strategy and policies, individual Group companies

set up their own risk strategies and policies, taking into account their specificities and local legislation. The adequacy of policies underpinning the risk management system is examined annually. The risk strategy is prepared in line and in parallel with the strategic plan.

The risk management system at the individual company and Group levels is subject to continuous improvement. Particular attention is paid to:

  • clearly expressed risk appetite in the framework of the risk strategy and on this basis also operational limits;
  • development of own risk assessment models and improving own risk and solvency assessment (ORSA),
  • integration of the ORSA and risk strategy in the framework of business planning and shaping of the business strategy,
  • integration of risk management processes into business processes,
  • systematic upgrading of the internal control environment, adjustment of processes to new activities, monitoring of the occurrence of untoward events,
  • establishment of adequate risk management standards in all Group companies depending on the scope, nature and complexity of business transactions and related risks.

11.1.1 Risk management organisation

Systematic risk management includes an appropriate organisational structure and a clear delineation of responsibilities.

The efficient functioning of the risk management system is primarily the responsibility of the Sava Re management board and the management board of each individual subsidiary. To ensure efficient risk management, the Group uses a three-lines-of-defence model, which clearly segregates responsibilities and tasks among the following lines:

  • The first line of defence constitutes all organisational units with operational responsibilities (development, sales, marketing and insurance management, provision of insurance services, financial operations, accounting, controlling, human resources and others).
  • The second line of defence consists of three key functions (the risk management function, actuarial function, compliance function) and the risk management committee, if set up in the company.
  • The third line of defence consists of the internal audit function.

The Group's risk management system has been set up on a top-down principle, taking into account the specificities of each company.

The supervisory board of each individual company approves the risk strategy, risk management policies and the appointment of key function holders in the risk management system. In addition, the supervisory board analyses periodic reports relating to risk management. A risk committee has been set up within the supervisory board of the parent company to provide relevant expertise and support in the risk management process in the Company and in the Group.

The management board of each company plays a key role and bears ultimate responsibility for the effectiveness of established risk management processes and their alignment with the Group's standards and the applicable legislation. In this regard, the management board is primarily responsible for: • setting the risk strategy and approval of risk tolerance limits and operational limits, • adopting policies relating to the risk management system, • implementing effective risk management processes in the Company, • monitoring operations in terms of risk and providing input for risk-based decision-making. that the operational performance of the processes for which they are responsible is conducted in a manner that reduces or eliminates risks, and that the frameworks laid down in the risk strategy are observed. The first line of defence is also responsible for monitoring and measuring risks, preparing data for regular reporting on individual risk areas and identifying new risks. Each Group company has set up the following three key functions as part of the second line of defence: the actuarial, risk management and compliance functions. In addition, the Group's large members have in place a risk management committee. The members of the risk management committee and key function holders are appointed by the management board; key function

-

-

The first line of defence of each Group company involves all company employees responsible for ensuring that operational tasks are performed in a manner that reduces or eliminates risks. Additionally, risk owners are responsible for the individual risks listed in the risk register. Line managers are responsible for ensuring

holder appointments additionally require the consent of the supervisory board. Each company ensures the independence of the key functions, which are organised as management support services and report directly to the management board. Their roles and responsibilities are defined in the policy of each key function or in the risk management policy that defines the risk management function.

The risk management function of each individual company is mainly responsible for setting up effective risk management processes and for the coordination of risk management processes already in place at the company or Group level. It is involved in all stages of the processes of identifying, assessing, monitoring, managing and reporting of risks. It is also involved in the

preparation of the risk strategy and the setting of risk tolerance limits. The risk management function regularly reports to the risk management committee (if set up), the management and the supervisory boards, the risk committee (Sava Re) and the Group's risk management function holder, and works in cooperation with the risk management function on an ongoing basis. Furthermore, it offers support to the management board in decision-making (including in relation to the strategic decisions such as corporate business strategy, mergers and acquisitions, and major projects and investments).

The main tasks of the actuarial function in the risk management system are to provide an opinion on the underwriting policy, to provide an opinion on the adequacy of reinsurance arrangements, and to independent verify and challenge technical provision calculations, including assumptions, methods and expert judgment areas. The actuarial function of each company works in cooperation with the Group's actuarial function.

The main duties of the compliance function relating to the risk management system are to identify, manage and report any instances of non-compliance with regulations, including monitoring the legal environment, analysing existing processes regarding their compliance with internal and external rules and any changes in regulations.

Apart from the key functions, the second line of defence at Sava Re also consists of a risk management committee that addresses risks at the Company and Sava Insurance Group levels. Such a committee also operates in some (larger) subsidiaries. The committee includes the key representatives of the first line of defence and the management board with regard to the Company's risk profile. The holders of other key functions of the risk management system are also invited to attend meetings of the committee. The committee is primarily responsible for monitoring the risk profile of the Company and the Group, analysing reports and assessing emerging and new risks, including sustainability risks, and for making recommendations to the management board.

The third line of defence consists of the internal audit function. Employees of the Sava Re internal audit department also perform the internal audit function for other Slovenian subsidiaries under outsourcing arrangements, while other subsidiaries have their own internal audit departments. The internal audit function operates at the individual company and Group levels and is completely independent from the business operations and other functions. In 2021, Group Internal

Auditing was introduced in the entire Sava Insurance Group, including in non-EU based Group companies. In the context of the risk management system, the internal audit function holders are responsible for the independent analysis, verification, and assessment of the performance and effectiveness of internal control and risk management systems.

Good practices from Sava Re's risk management model and the organisation of risk management are also transferred to other Group companies.

11.1.2 Components of the risk management system

Risk management is integrated into all stages of business management and is composed of the following key elements:

  • risk strategy,
  • risk management processes within the first and second lines of defence, and
  • the ORSA process.

The Group's risk management system is presented in the following diagram.

11.1.2.1 Risk strategy

The Group seeks to operate in compliance with its business strategy and meet the key strategic objectives while maintaining an adequate capital level. With this in mind, in 2020 the management board, with the consent of the Sava Re supervisory board, approved the Sava Insurance Group risk strategy for 2020–2022, taking into account its risk-bearing capacity. Each Group company drafts its own risk strategy by taking into account the Group's risk strategy. In 2022, the new risk strategy of the Sava Insurance Group for the strategy period 2023–2027 was approved. At Group level, the document specifies:

  • risk appetite by operating segment,
  • a set of key indicators along with their limits and tolerances, and
  • a set of operational indicators to be used by the operating segments to monitor risks on an ongoing basis.

The key areas that risk appetite is based on are:

  • the solvency ratio,
  • the profitability of the operating segments with acceptable tolerance,
  • liquidity indicators.

Each Group company sets its own risk strategy, risk tolerance limits and operational limits based on the Group's risk appetite. Approved risk tolerance limits are limits set for individual risk categories included in individual companies' risk profiles, determining approved deviations from planned values. These limits

are set based on the results of the sensitivity analysis, stress tests and scenarios, and professional judgment.

Individual Group companies set operational limits, such as (re)insurance underwriting limits and investment limits, in order to ensure that the activities of the first line of defence are carried out in accordance with the set risk appetite. In addition, each Group company ensures that it has in place well-defined and established escalation paths and management actions in the case of any breach of operational limits.

For periodic monitoring of compliance with the risk strategy, individual Group companies define a minimum set of risk measures for each risk category to allow for monitoring of the Group's and each Group company's current risk profile and capital position. These risk measures are regularly monitored at the Group and individual company levels.

11.1.2.2 Risk management processes

Risk management processes are inherently connected with and incorporated into the basic processes conducted at the individual company and Group levels. All organisational units are involved in risk management processes.

The main risk management processes are:

  • risk identification,
  • risk assessment (measurement),
  • risk monitoring,
  • determining appropriate risk control measures (risk management), and

• risk reporting.

Risk management processes are incorporated into all three lines of defence of the risk management process. The roles of individual lines of defence are defined in the risk management policy. Risk management processes are also integrated into the decision-making system. All important and strategic business decisions are also evaluated in terms of risk.

Risk identification

In the process of risk identification, each Group company identifies the risks to which it is exposed. The key risks, which are compiled in each company's risk register, and form the company's risk profile, are reviewed on a regular basis and new risks are added if so required. Risk identification at the Group level is conducted in the same way.

Risk identification in individual Group companies and at Group level is both a top-down and a bottom-up process. The top-down risk identification process is conducted by the risk management function, the risk management committee and the management board of each Group company. Such identification of new and emerging risks is based on the monitoring of the legal and business environment, market developments and trends, and expert knowledge. This approach is mainly used with strategic risks, such as reputational risk and regulatory risk.

Bottom-up risk identification takes place in individual

organisational units and with risk owners (first line of defence). A Group company's risk thus identified is categorised and incorporated into the relevant monitoring, measuring, managing and reporting processes.

Risk identification is performed on an ongoing basis, especially as part of business planning and any major projects and business initiatives, such as the launch of a new product, investment in a new class of assets, acquisitions and other.

Risk assessment (measurement)

The Group has regular risk assessment (measurement) processes in place for all the risks to which individual companies or the Group are exposed. Risks are measured using both qualitative and quantitative methods, which are constantly being refined. A modelling department has been set up at the Sava Insurance Group level, which develops own quantitative models for Group-wide risk assessment.

Risks are thus measured:

  • by using the Solvency II standard formula,
  • by calculating the overall solvency needs within the own risk and solvency assessment (ORSA),
  • by conducting and analysing stress tests and scenarios,
  • through qualitative risk assessment in the risk register,
  • by using various risk measures that allow simplified measurement and monitoring of the current risk profile.

Risk monitoring is conducted at several levels: at the level of individual organisational units and risk owners, risk management departments, the risk management committee, the management board, the supervisory board's risk committee (Sava Re) and at the supervisory board level of each Group company. In addition, each Group company's risk profile is monitored at the Group level in terms of impact on the Group's risk profile. A standard set of risk measures is defined for risk monitoring, and Group companies follow it on a regular basis. Both risks and risk management measures are subject to monitoring and control. Adverse events and the implementation of relevant corrective measures to prevent the recurrence of an individual event are also monitored.

Risk management

The management board of each Group company is responsible for risk management and the use of various risk management techniques and actions. In its decisions, the management board takes into account the cost-benefit aspect of actions as well as recommendations, if any, issued by the risk management committee and key functions.

Whenever the need arises to adopt a new risk control measure, the relevant company conducts an analysis of the measure in terms of economic and financial viability. Elimination or mitigation of individual risks must be more cost-effective than mitigation of the potential impact should the risk materialise, if the likelihood of such an event and all its financial impact are fully taken into account.

In practice, it is already in the business planning process that a Group company examines the impact of the business strategy on its capital position, both with regard to the regulator as well as with regard to the own risk and solvency assessment. If, during a financial year, decisions are taken that have a significant impact on the risk profile but have not been assessed in terms of risk during the business planning process, the relevant company assesses the impact of such decisions on its risk profile and capital adequacy, and verifies compliance with the risk appetite. If a business decision could also have a significant impact on the Group's risk profile, such impact on the Group's risk profile and capital adequacy is also assessed. If any business decision fails to comply with the risk appetite, or if any risk tolerance limit is exceeded, the company is required to document such deviation and take relevant action to resolve the situation.

Risk reporting

Periodic risk reporting has been set up at the large Group companies and at the Group level. Risk owners report on each risk category to the risk management function, including a predetermined set of significant risk measures and qualitative information. Based on

this, the risk management function, in cooperation with risk managers, prepares a risk report covering each individual company's entire risk profile. The report is first discussed by the company's risk management committee (if the company has one), followed by the management board, risk committee (Sava Re) and the company's supervisory board. Finally, a company's risk management function submits the report to the Group's risk management function. A risk report is also prepared at Group level.

11.1.2.3 Own risk and solvency assessment (ORSA)

In addition to these risk management processes, EUbased Group (re)insurance companies and the Group also perform an ORSA, which is defined in the own risk and solvency assessment policy. ORSA is a process that includes the identification of the differences between a company's or the Group's risk profile and the assumptions of the standard formula, own assessment of solvency needs, capital adequacy projections, stress tests and scenarios, and establishment of the link between the risk profile and capital management. In ORSA, all material risks, whether quantifiable or not, are assessed that may have an impact on the operations of the Group or a Group company either from an economic or a regulatory perspective. The 2023 ORSA also includes sustainability risks, in particular climate change risk considered and assessed qualitatively, and two climate scenarios.

As a rule, the ORSA process is conducted annually; an ad hoc ORSA is performed in the event of a significant change in the risk profile. EU-based Group insurers and the Group report to the regulator on the ORSA (at least) on an annual basis. Every year, the ORSA is more closely integrated with other processes, in particular with risk and capital management and business planning. The risk management committee and the companies' management boards are actively involved in the ORSA throughout the process. Employees from different departments take part in the process, as we wish to obtain the most complete and up-to-date picture of a company's risk profile.

The primary objective of the ORSA is to better understand the own risk profile and the standard formula, and to analyse the impact of the changes in the risk profile on capital adequacy over the next three years. The ORSA is an integral part of the decision-making process conducted to ensure that the key decisions and the business strategy are adopted with consideration of risks and associated capital requirements. Using the ORSA results, we also check the compliance of the business strategy with the risk strategy. This establishes the links between the business strategy, the risks taken in the short, medium and longer term, the capital requirements arising from these risks and capital management.

11.2 Capital management

The capital management policy lays down objectives and key activities related to capital management. Capital management is inseparable from the risk strategy, which defines the risk appetite.

The Group's capital management objectives are:

  • maintaining solvency within the optimal capitalisation range in the long term, in compliance with the risk strategy;
  • maintaining an adequate degree of financing flexibility;
  • maintaining an acceptable level of volatility of the available capital and the solvency ratio;
  • steering operating segments that tie up capital towards achieving an adequate profitability;
  • managing the business to achieve an adequate return on equity or an adequate dividend yield for shareholders.

The Group manages its capital to ensure that each Group company has available, on an ongoing basis, sufficient funds to meet its obligations and regulatory capital requirements. The composition of own funds held to ensure capital adequacy must comply with regulatory requirements and ensure an optimal balance between debt and equity capital. The amount of own funds of each Group company and the Group must be sufficient, at all times, to meet the statutory solvency capital requirement, as well as to satisfy the requirements of its target credit rating and other objectives of any Group member or the Group.

An important input element of capital management and business planning is the Group's risk strategy, including the risk appetite set out therein. The Group's risk strategy defines levels of capital adequacy. These levels serve as the basis for determining the capital adequacy of each Group company.

The Group risk strategy in conjunction with capital adequacy is defined to meet regulatory requirements and the requirements of rating agencies, and to ensure that the parent company has sufficient excess capital to cover any potential capital needs of the subsidiaries in the event of a major stress scenario materialising in any of them. To this end, excess of eligible own funds over the statutorily required is determined.

As provided by the risk strategy, all Group subsidiaries must have, on an ongoing basis, a sufficient amount of capital available to meet solvency requirements. In addition, Group subsidiaries subject to the Solvency II regime must have sufficient capital to absorb small to medium fluctuations in the SCR and own funds, which may result from the standard formula methodology and the possibility of small and medium stresses and stress scenarios materialising.

11.3 Material risks of the Sava Insurance Group

The Group and its individual companies classify all identified risks into key risk categories – underwriting risks, financial risks (comprising market, liquidity and credit risk and the risk of failure to achieve guaranteed returns), operational and strategic risks.

In addition, the Group and its companies monitor emerging risks that may affect any of the above risk categories. They are discussed in the strategic risks section of this report.

In accordance with Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/1256, the Group and its companies have also systematically identified and assessed sustainability risks as part of the identification of emerging risks from 2022 onwards. These can affect the risks of any risk category, but in the Sava Insurance Group they mainly affect the market and underwriting risk categories. In this report, they are discussed in the strategic risks section of this report.

Individual risks are described in detail in the notes to the financial statements of the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re in section 17.7 "Risk management".

In the following, we describe each risk category and the risks within each of them.

11.3.1 Underwriting risks

Underwriting risk arises from the Group's (re)insurance activities, i.e. the underwriting of (re)insurance contracts, and performance of (re)insurance contracts and transactions directly related to (re)insurance activities. It relates to the risks covered under (re)insurance contracts and related processes and arises from the uncertainty as to the occurrence, extent and timing of obligations.

Underwriting risk is generally divided into:

  • non-life underwriting risk,
  • life underwriting risk,
  • health underwriting risk including accident (re) insurance.

The basic purpose of life, non-life and health insurance is the assumption of risk from policyholders. In addition to the risks assumed directly by the Group's (direct) insurance companies, Sava Re assumes underwriting risk from cedants outside the Group through accepted reinsurance. Sava Re retains a portion of the assumed risks (Group and non-Group) and retrocedes the portion that exceeds its capacity.

The Group and Sava Re are exposed to all three categories of risks. Accepted life reinsurance business of non-Group cedants, including accident reinsurance business, is classified as health reinsurance risk. Due to its one-year duration and according to the nature of its coverage, this life reinsurance business is comparable to accepted accident reinsurance business.

First, we present underwriting risks arising out of nonlife business. This is followed by risks arising out of life and health insurance business.

11.3.1.1 Non-life underwriting risk

Non-life underwriting risks are further subdivided into premium risk, reserve risk, lapse risk and catastrophe risk.

Premium risk

This is the risk that premiums written are insufficient to meet the obligations arising from (re)insurance contracts. This risk depends on many factors, such as inadequate assessment of market developments, poor assessment of claims development, use of inadequate statistics, intentionally insufficient premiums for certain classes of business expected to be offset by other classes of business, or inadequate assessment of external macroeconomic factors that may change significantly during the term of a contract. These include:

  • underwriting process risk,
  • pricing risk, and
  • risk of unexpected increase in claims.

Given the Group's portfolio structure, the largest contributors to premium risk include motor vehicle and property (re)insurance (fire and other damage to property, including related business interruption insurance).

The Group seeks to mitigate underwriting process risk by restricting authorisations for mass underwriting, as well as by means of additional training of underwriters and agents, by providing understandable, clear and detailed instructions, and by defining appropriate underwriting limits that are consistent with the business strategy, the risk strategy and the reinsurance programme. We also make special efforts to offer products to appropriate target clients (to prevent mis-selling and/or adverse selection), to accept reinsurance from trusted cedants, and to ensure that appropriate limits are in place for exposure concentration by geographical location and homogeneous risk groups, which maintain favourable risk diversification.

Reserve risk

This is the risk that either the technical provisions are insufficient to meet the obligations arising from (re) insurance contracts due to inadequate methods, inappropriate, incomplete and inaccurate data, inefficient procedures and controls, or inadequate expert judgement, or misreporting, resulting in unreliable information about the financial position of the Company or the Group. These include:

  • the risk of data availability and accuracy,
  • the risk of adequacy of methods and assumptions used,
  • the risk of a calculation error,
  • the risk of complex tools used in processes yielding misleading results.

As with premium risk, the majority of reserve risk arises from motor vehicle insurance and property business, which account for the largest portion of technical provisions, reflecting the Group's traditional focus on such business.

The Group manages reserve risk by means of robust processes and effective controls as regards the calculation of technical provisions in accordance with both IFRS and Solvency II regulations. In addition, it conducts an annual backtesting of the appropriateness of technical provisions, analysing any major reasons for their insufficiency.

Lapse risk

This is the risk of loss or adverse change in the value of insurance liabilities resulting from changes in the level or volatility of lapse rates (rate of early contract termination). The Group and the Company are not materially exposed to this type of risk. This risk is mitigated primarily by maintaining good relationships with policyholders and cedants and by closely analysing market conditions.

Catastrophe risk

This is the risk of an occurrence of a catastrophic event; such events are rare but their financial impact is too high to be covered merely by otherwise adequate premiums and provisions. Catastrophe risk may materialise in the case of extreme events or a large number of catastrophic events over a short period. The risk also includes an excessive geographical accumulation of risks. The Group's portfolio is geographically relatively well diversified, with risks being slightly more concentrated in Slovenia, which is further addressed by means of the reinsurance programme. This risk is managed by means of a well-designed underwriting process, by controlling risk concentration for products covering larger complexes against natural disasters and fire, by geographical diversification, and by adequate retrocession protection against natural and man-made catastrophes.

Recently, climate change risks have become a highly

topical issue, which is why the Group and the Company pay more attention to them also by analysing long-term scenarios. Other underwriting risks, such as economic environment risk and policyholder behaviour risk, may be relevant, but their effect is already indirectly accounted for in the above non-life underwriting risk.

11.3.1.2 Life underwriting risks

We divide life underwriting risks into biometric risks, life expenses risk and life lapse risk.

Biometric risks

Among these, mortality risk, which is the most important risk for the Group, is the risk that the actual mortality of insured persons will turn out to be higher than that projected in the mortality tables used for premium pricing. It depends on the use of relevant statistics and the perception of the insured, whose mortality risk may be increased because of their health or lifestyle. The procedures used to manage this risk are: consistent application of underwriting protocols, which specify in detail the deviation from normal mortality risk, regular monitoring of exposures and the adequacy of mortality tables used, and appropriate reinsurance protection.

Life expense risk

This is the risk that the actual expenses incurred in servicing life insurance contracts turn out to be higher than projected in pricing. The level of risk depends on

the use of appropriate statistics and an increase in the actual cost of servicing life insurance contracts. Life expense risk is managed by the Group by periodically monitoring the expenses incurred in servicing life insurance contracts, monitoring the macroeconomic situation (e.g. inflation) and appropriately planning of these expenses for the coming years.

Life lapse risk

This is the risk of a (low or high) increase in lapse rates (rate of early contract termination) due to surrenders, conversions to paid-up status or premium default. The level of risk depends on the use of appropriate statistics, the identification of lapses for various reasons in an underwriting year and the economic situation, which may also affect policyholder behaviour. The level of risk also depends on the competitive insurance products available in the market and the advice provided by insurance intermediaries and financial advisers. The Group manages this risk mainly by monitoring the number and percentage of policies lapsed on a quarterly basis, by restricting surrenders if an approval by the insurer is required and by systematically preventing insurance rearrangements by intermediaries.

Life insurance risks also include other biometric risks (longevity risk and disability and morbidity risk), revision risk and life-catastrophe risk. These risks are minor for the Group and are therefore not discussed in detail.

11.3.1.3 Health underwriting risk

Health underwriting risks are divided into risks arising out of health insurance pursued on a similar technical basis as non-life insurance (NSLT health insurance) and health insurance pursued on a similar technical basis as life insurance (SLT health insurance).

The Group manages NSLT-health underwriting risks using techniques similar to those used in non-life insurance, namely prudent underwriting, control of risk concentrations in accident and health products and appropriate reinsurance protection. SLT health insurance is very similar to life insurance; therefore, the Group manages the risks arising from SLT health insurance using similar techniques as for life insurance.

11.3.2 Financial risks

In their financial operations, individual Group companies are exposed to financial risks arising from the investment and underwriting portfolios and relating to market, liquidity, and credit risk, as well as the risk of failure to realise guaranteed returns on life business.

11.3.2.1 Market risk

As part of market risks, the Group makes assessments of interest rate risk, investment property risk, equity risk and currency risk.

Interest rate risk

This is the risk that the Group or the Company will be exposed to losses resulting from fluctuations in interest rates. These can cause a decrease in investments or an increase in liabilities. We try to avoid this by carrying out sensitivity analyses and matching assets and liabilities, i.e. cash-flow matching.

Investment property risk

This is the risk of a change in the fair value of investment property directly or indirectly owned by the Group or the Company. In addition to investment property, real-estate funds are also exposed to it.

Equity risk This is the risk that the value of investments will decrease due to fluctuations in equity markets. Shares and equity and mixed mutual funds are exposed to this risk. The Group manages equity risk through the diversification of this segment of the investment portfolio across different capital markets and a limit system that limits the exposure of the equity portfolio.

Currency risk

This is the risk that changes in exchange rates will lower the value of foreign-denominated assets or increase liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. The Group and the Group companies manage currency risk through the efforts of each company to optimise asset-liability currency matching.

11.3.2.2 Liquidity risk

This is the risk that, owing to unexpected or unexpectedly high obligations, the Company will not be able to meet all its financial obligations. Liquidity risk assumed by an individual Group company is also reduced by the regular measurement and monitoring of selected liquidity indicators. An indicator of liquidity risk is the level of maturity matching of financial assets and liabilities.

11.3.2.3 11.3.2.3 Credit risk

This is the risk of default on the obligations of a securities issuer or other counterparty towards the Company. Within the context of credit risk, the Company and the Group also address the excessive concentration of risk in a specific region, industry or issuer. Assets exposed to credit risk include financial investments (deposit investments, bonds, loans granted, deposits with cedants, bond and convertible mutual funds, and cash and cash equivalents), receivables due from reinsurers and other receivables.

11.3.2.4 Risk of failure to realise guaranteed returns

The Group is exposed to the risk of failing to achieve the guaranteed return, specifically with investment contracts and with traditional and unit-linked life insurance business.

11.3.3 Operational risks

This is the risk of loss arising from inadequate or failed internal processes, personnel or systems, or from external events. To manage operational risks effectively, the Group companies have processes in place to identify, measure, monitor, manage and report on such risks.

11.3.4 Strategic risks

Group companies and the Group are exposed to a variety of internal and external strategic risks that may have a negative impact on the income or capital adequacy. Strategic risks also include reputational, project and sustainability risks. To prevent these risks from materialising, the Group companies mainly carry out preventive activities and have processes in place to identify, measure, monitor, manage and report on strategic risks to ensure that they are managed effectively.

Strategic risks are also managed by continually monitoring the realisation of short- and long-term goals of Group companies and by monitoring regulatory changes in the pipeline and market developments.

12 Internal auditing in the Sava Insurance Group

The objective of internal auditing is to provide assurance and advice to the management board in order to add value and improve the effectiveness and efficiency of operations. Internal auditing assists the Company in achieving its goals by systematically and methodically assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of the governance, risk management and internal control systems and making recommendations for their improvement.

The Company's internal audit function is carried out by an independent organisational unit, the internal audit department (IAD), which reports to the management board and is functionally and organisationally separate from other units of the Company. This ensures the autonomy and independence of its work.

In accordance with the Slovenian Insurance Act and under an outsourcing agreement, Sava Re d.d. performs the key function of internal audit for the companies Zavarovalnica Sava d.d., Vita, Življenjska Zavarovalnica, d.d., Sava Pokojninska Družba d.d. and Sava Infond, Družba za Upravljanje, d.o.o. for an indefinite period.

In 2022, Sava Re's internal audit conducted audits and performed other tasks in accordance with its annual plan.

Based on all the tests carried out and methods employed in individual audit areas, the IAD considers that the internal controls at Sava Re are adequate and that their reliability is good. It is also of the opinion that Sava Re's governance has proven to be appropriate and is being continuously improved to achieve key business

goals, and that risks are well managed with a view to
efficiency and economy of operations. However, there
remains room for improvement in the functioning of
the system. The audit engagements revealed individual
irregularities and weaknesses, to which the IAD drew
attention, recommending these be remedied to im
prove control procedures, corporate governance and
risk management. The IAD's recommendations were
actively implemented by those responsible. The aim is
to improve the effectiveness of internal controls and
the regularity of operations.

Periodic IAD reviews were also focused on establishing the likelihood of fraud as well as any exposure and vulnerability to IT risks. Control systems have been put in place in the audited areas and are working to prevent fraud.

The IAD reports quarterly to the management board, the audit committee and the supervisory board on completed audit engagements, the effectiveness and efficiency of control systems, corporate governance, risk management, identified breaches and irregularities, and the status of recommendations. It has also prepared an annual report on its activities in 2022, which forms part of the documentation for the general meeting of shareholders.

The external quality assessment of the internal audit at Sava Re d.d. (conducted on a five-year basis) was conducted by Deloitte Revizija d.o.o. in 2019. The assessment of the IAD's operation confirmed the compliance of the internal audit with the International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing, the Code of Ethics of Internal Auditors and the Code of Internal Auditing Principles.

The development of the IAD resulted in the first overall opinion being issued by the IAD for the Company and the Group in 2022. Activities related to the implementation of the new software to support the overall internal audit process at the Sava Insurance Group level were further refined. Improvements were also made to the Group Internal Audit, virtually in all Group companies. The IAD regularly monitors the development and quality of the internal audit departments in the Group's subsidiaries and provides them with the necessary professional support.

13 Development of information support

In 2022, we completed the three-year strategy period for the implementation of the IT strategy. Our ongoing practice is to conduct process maturity self-audits, the findings of which are used to further improve our IT processes. As part of this, we streamlined the processes of IT change management, IT architecture, internal controls and risks, and improved the control of IT costs and capital investments.

Regarding business intelligence, we provided ongoing support to operations, upgraded existing solutions and continued to develop data and reporting solutions for the IFRS 17 project. In line with our strategic priorities for the 2020–2022 strategy period, we upgraded the consolidated data warehouse solution by expanding the scope of data sources and reports.

The change management of business applications was combined with the maintenance of existing solutions in accordance with the business and regulatory requirements of the companies. We continue to work on the project to replace the core IT solution for the insurance business (which we have already started to use to market some products) and on a similar project for the reinsurance business. In several companies, we are expanding our customer-relations solutions to include more channels (e.g. call centres and customer portals). and digitalisation). The system software and hardware infrastructure were upgraded in line with the business plan, the depreciation cycle, day-to-day service requests and planned IT development projects, with investments in disk arrays and network infrastructure. We continued our mission of continuous improvement and optimisation by configuring server and network systems and enhancing the monitoring of critical services.

The infrastructure team supported operations, upgrading technical and service capabilities to implement the strategy (deployment of new core business solutions

In terms of information security, we upgraded sensors and controls as part of our 24/7 security operations centre services and continued to expand the use of software to improve endpoint protection. We provided training to protect against social engineering cyber-attacks and trained key personnel to respond to a crisis in the event of such an attack.

With regard to business continuity, we carried out the planned preventive and control tasks, taking into account the increased use of hybrid work.

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 BUSINESS REPORT SUSTAINABILITY REPORT FINANCIAL STATEMENTS WITH NOTES APPENDICES

SUSTAINABILITY REPORT

Living sustainably is living well. We build long-term corporate social responsibility in continuous dialogue with our stakeholders, supporting global sustainability goals, with a particular focus on climate change, the health and well-being of our customers, employees and the wider community.

14 Sustainability report

83 GRI 3-1. 84 GRI 3-2. 85 GRI 2-2, 2-3. 86 GRI 2-4, 3-2. 87 GRI 2-5.

About the report

In accordance with the GRI Standards, the 2022 sustainability report83 of the Sava Insurance Group analyses economic, social and environmental aspects.

Key topics of Sava Insurance Group sustainability reporting84

Economic aspects (GRI 200) Economic performance
Market presence
Indirect economic impacts
Procurement practices
Prevention of corruption
Tax
Social aspects (GRI 400) Recruitment and staffing levels
Employee training and development
Diversity and equal opportunities
Management and motivation
Health and safety at work
Customer relations / responsibility to consumers
Relations with suppliers
Local community
Marketing and labelling
Customer privacy
Compliance
Environmental aspects (GRI 300) Waste disposal policy
Energy
Supplier assessment
Emissions

The consolidated annual report refers to a single financial and calendar year and is prepared in accordance with the International Accounting Standards, the Companies Act, the Solvency II Directive and international sustainability reporting standards of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). The annual report is prepared by Sava Re specialist services and all subsidiaries. The consolidated annual report incorporates all legal entities constituting the Sava Insurance Group85.

Sustainability reporting is integrated into individual sections of the annual report. Disclosures are specially indicated with interactive references. Section 14 "Sustainability report" provides disclosures and business impacts not covered by other sections of the annual report. In addition to general disclosures and in accordance with prescribed principles, it provides disclosures on the economic, social and environmental aspects that are of vital importance for the Group and relate directly to the Group's strategy.

The data on the sustainable operations of the Group was collected in cooperation with subsidiaries and Sava Re business line managers. The data was collected and the report was compiled by the sustainable development business line manager in Sava Re as the controlling company, which is also the reporting entity. Disclosures in accordance with the GRI standard refer to all Group companies, where possible; where it is not possible, to the parent company and the EU-based subsidiaries. The GRI content index appended to the

annual report offers a comprehensive overview of the type and scope of disclosures.

No statements or information from the previous report have changed on account of new findings, and the report therefore contains no corrections86.

Sava Re did not seek external assurance of the sustainability report in 202287.

Non-financial statement

By providing non-financial information in accordance with the GRI standards, the annual report of the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re d.d. for 2022 complies with (i) Directive 2014/95/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards disclosure of non-financial and diversity information by certain large undertakings and groups, (ii) Regulation (EU) 2020/852 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the establishment of a framework to facilitate sustainable investment, and amending Regulation (EU) 2019/2088 in conjunction with Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/2178 of 6 July 2021 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2020/852 of the European Parliament and of the Council by specifying the content and presentation of information to be disclosed by undertakings subject to Article 19a or 29a of Directive 2013/34/EU concerning environmentally sustainable economic activities, (iii) the methodology for complying with this disclosure obligation, and (iv) the Companies Act.

SUSTAINABILITY REPORT

14.1 Sustainable Development Strategy of the Sava Insurance Group for 2020–2022

The Sava Insurance Group has been integrating sustainable development into its strategy since 2017; since then it has given increasing attention to it as environmental, social and governance risks (ESG risks) significantly impact the insurance industry while at the same time offering new opportunities in the developments in operations.

In December 2022, the sustainable development strategy of the Sava Insurance Group for 2023–2027 was adopted, which outlines sustainable development as one of the three pillars of the Group's further development.

The Sava Insurance Group's objectives and its sustainable development strategy are rooted in its values, mission and vision. The Group's goal for the strategy period was for its stakeholders to recognise it as:

• a socially responsible insurance and reinsurance company, and a socially responsible and trustworthy partner,

  • a socially responsible asset and equity manager,
  • a socially responsible and attractive employer,
  • an organisation that is socially responsible to the wider community.

Highlights of the past strategy period

  • Focus on the United Nations sustainable development goals of "good health and wellbeing", while embedding them into our insurance products and services, to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.
  • Interests and expectations of the relevant interested parties and stakeholders, as communicated to us

through ongoing dialogue with individual stakeholder groups. The sustainable development strategy is thus based on building quality long-term relationships with all stakeholders, with customers and their satisfaction at the centre.

  • ESG criteria88, which we are gradually and systematically integrating into the decision-making processes in the Group.
  • Adoption of key performance indicators and systematic measurement of progress towards sustainable development goals.
  • Corporate actions and further promotion of corporate social and environmental responsibility.

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3

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14.1.1 Strategy implementation in 2022

In 2022, the Group's operations were mainly marked by the abatement of the Covid-19 epidemic and the restoration of business as we knew it prior to 2020.

Key sustainable development activities and the introduction of the ESG criteria continued with:

  • putting the customer at the centre of all processes, and the digitisation of processes,
  • product development and underwriting,
  • the investment process,
  • cybersecurity,
  • sourcing process,
  • employee development and strengthening sustainability culture.

Major activities in 2022 included the implementation of the adopted and monitoring of the evolving legislation aimed at pushing the European Union towards its goal of becoming carbon-neutral by 2050.

The Group was preparing for the introduction and implementation of legal requirements according to these documents:

• Regulation (EU) 2019/2088 or SFDR (Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation) – In December 2022, the Statement on principal adverse impacts

of investment decisions on the sustainability factors of the Sava Insurance Group was published on Sava Re's website, and the relevant pre-contractual disclosures in the financial and financial-insurance products offered by the Group to its customers were set out.

  • Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/1257 as regards the integration of sustainability factors, risks and preferences into the product oversight and governance requirements for insurance undertakings and insurance distributors and into the rules on conduct of business and investment advice for insurance-based investment products, which entered into force on 2 August 2022 and for which both insurance companies in the Group arranged for the necessary information on sustainability factors to be available on their websites.
  • Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/1256 as regards the integration of sustainability risks in the governance of insurance and reinsurance undertakings, which also entered into force on 2 August 2022 and on the basis of which the Sustainability Investment Policy of the Sava Insurance Group, the Remuneration Policy for Members of Supervisory and Management Bodies of Sava Re, d.d., as well as other relevant acts have been supplemented.
  • Regulation (EU) 2020/852 on the establishment of a framework to facilitate sustainable investment, or the Taxonomy; the Group already reported in

accordance with the Taxonomy for 2021, based on available data and an estimate of Taxonomy-eligible revenues from activities. The activities to ensure the quality and relevance of the data needed for disclosures continued in 2022.

• Directive (EU) 2022/2464 on Corporate Sustainability Reporting (CSRD); the Group has accelerated preparations for the disclosure requirements under the new European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS), in particular by organising and participating in various training sessions to ensure that we are adequately prepared for the 2025 reporting on 2024. Training was provided to the top management of the subsidiaries, as well as to business line managers and all potential authors of reports.

In addition to closely following and ensuring compliance with the sustainable development requirements, we also draw your attention to the following developments:

    1. We performed the substantive assessment of the portfolio in terms of the ESG criteria and developed the guidelines for responsible non-life insurance and reinsurance underwriting, which were adopted in January 2022.
    1. An online stakeholder survey was conducted in October and November 2022 in all markets in which we are present concerning significant sus-

tainability topics that will be given particular importance in the upcoming strategy period.

    1. In October 2022, we held a sustainability conference for representatives of the subsidiaries and business line managers, focusing on European sustainability legislation and the Group's strategic goals for the next period.
    1. A sustainable development strategy for the 2023–2027 period was adopted in December 2022.
    1. In December 2022, the Sustainable Development Policy of the Sava Insurance Group89, was adopted, which sets out the Group's general principles and approaches to ESG issues and the sustainable development management system.
    1. The Sava Insurance Group's purchasing policy was revamped.
    1. A number of corporate volunteerism campaigns were organised across the Group as part of the Heart for the World initiative, as well as training and information sessions for employees on pressing environmental issues. The initiative has grown into a year-long activity that encourages employees to be responsible towards natural and social environments.

The activities carried out are described in more detail below.

14.2 Relations with stakeholders90

The needs and interests of stakeholders are meet and monitored via a web of mutual relations at strategic and operational levels. Trust and mutual understanding with individual groups are thus strengthened on the basis of fair and balanced communications and inclusion.

The needs and interests of stakeholders are meet and monitored via a web of mutual relations at strategic and operational levels. Trust and mutual understanding with individual groups are thus strengthened on the basis of fair and balanced communications and inclusion.

The Sava Insurance Group thus strives to establish various forms of cooperation with its stakeholders, and the Covid-19 pandemic also brought new challenges in this area in recent years, as traditional forms of communication were no longer viable in these circumstances. New technologies and the digitisation of operations thus took advantage of this renewed momentum and accelerated new solutions, remote communication, and the implementation of all processes, all of which are also used in post-pandemic times.

In those circumstances, it was particularly important to identify the needs of stakeholders for information or content. To this end, in 2020 we conducted an online

survey in all countries where we are present except in Montenegro, where the epidemiological situation was extremely difficult and it was feared that the survey could have a disturbing or negative impact on stakeholders.

The survey demonstrated that our stakeholders recognise the following business aspects or topics as the most important:

  • sales network,
  • customer satisfaction,
  • compliance,
  • products that are transparent and easy to understand,
  • motivated, innovative and happy employees.

Below, we list those stakeholders believed to have a significant impact on each legal entity in the Group and vice versa; what is more, these stakeholders also actively contribute to adding value to our business operations.

  • 1 sales network
  • 2 customer satisfaction
  • 3 compliance
  • 4 products that are transparent and easy to understand
  • 5 committed and motivated employees
  • 6 comprehensive risk management
  • 7 cyber security
  • 8 digitalisation of operations
  • 9 concern for the natural environment
  • 10 climate change
  • 11 quality suppliers
  • 12 development of sustainable products
  • 13 responsible investment policy and underwriting (EGS criteria)
  • 14 local community
  • 15 credit rating
  • 16 demographic change

Assessment by employees of Sava Insurance Group

14.2.1 Types of stakeholder involvement

We cultivate responsible and sincere relations with all our stakeholders. In doing so, we follow the recommendations and rules of public reporting, the code of ethics and internal rules. The following outlines the types and objectives of stakeholder involvement.

Types and objectives of stakeholder involvement
Stakeholders Type of involvement Objectives The most important activities in 2022
Sava Insurance Group employees
Employee participation (workers' council and unions)

Internal formal events (strategic conferences, professional and
educational events)

Internal informal events

Internal training/consultations

Management by objectives (annual appraisal interviews)

Internal web and print media

Thinking out of the box

Electronic mail

Personal contact

Opinion polls/questionnaires

Sports societies

Corporate volunteerism

Information, awareness

Stimulating ideas to improve the work environment and business
processes

Two-way communication

Culture building, improving relations, fostering a good
organisational climate

Continuing the development of the Never Alone employer brand
in internal communication

Informing all employees of pressing ESG issues by email

Ongoing dialogue with employee and trade union representatives

Events, conferences, lectures

Departmental meetings

Addresses by the chairman of the management board of Sava Re
to all employees of the Group by e-mail

Development of the Heart for the World initiative in terms of
corporate volunteerism, education, and awareness-raising on
ecological and social issues. 5,430 hours of volunteering
Customers include:

One-to-one counselling

the insured

Meetings

policyholders

Compliments and complaints

injured parties

Websites, blogs

cedants

Contact centre

investors in mutual and pension funds

Market communication through different channels

Expert meetings/conferences

Events

Social networks

Service quality

Customer focus

Information

Quick problem solving

Customer-friendly attitude

Identifying actual market needs

Modern sales channels

Strengthening of the Sava Insurance Group brand with the slogan
"Among good people"

Year-long and ongoing communication of sales representatives
with customers

Interactive chats – on web pages

Electronic monthly publications (Sava Infond sent to over
24,000 addresses)

Direct mail

Semi-annual presentation brochure for cedants

Social media notifications
External sales network consisting of:

insurance agencies

insurance intermediaries

banks

business partners, e.g. roadworthiness testing centres,
tourist agencies

Regular contacts

Professional training

Meetings/events

Product and offer expertise

Keeping up to date with developments in business processes

Keeping up to date with developments in laws and regulations
governing the business

Building genuine partnerships

Ongoing communication of specialist services with
representatives of the external sales network

Stakeholders Type of involvement Objectives The most important activities in 2022
Suppliers
(services and materials)

Tenders

Invitations to participation

Questionnaires

Meetings

Presentations

Selection of the most appropriate supplier in accordance with the
criteria

Environmentally friendly materials

Paperless operation

Digitisation of operations

Payment reliability

Honouring agreements

Delivery of waste disposal certificates

Supporting local economy

Standing invitations to tender and supplier selections
Shareholders and prospective investors in POSR shares
At least once a year at the general meeting of shareholders

Regularly through public notifications (SEOnet of the Ljubljana
Stock Exchange)

Regularly on the website (www.sava-re.si)

At least once a year in the letter to shareholders

Regularly via email ([email protected])

Regularly in individual meetings and through conference calls

Regularly at investment conferences at home and abroad

Equal access to information

Clear dividend policy and yields

In-depth information on business operations, annual plan and
strategic policy

Sustainable operations

Regular and transparent communication with shareholders and
investors, participation in 6 events in 2022

30 SEOnet announcements in 2022
Regulatory
Regular and extraordinary reporting to the Insurance Supervision
Agency (ISA) and Securities Market Agency (SMA)

Regular and extraordinary reporting to the Slovenian Competition
Protection Agency (CPA)

Compliance with legislation

Business transparency

Security of policyholders

Compliance

Consistent tracking of changes in legislations, regulatory
measures and recommendations, and meetings
Credit rating agencies
Regular annual review of the financial position, operations and
business results

Improved credit rating

AM Best confirmed the credit rating "A" (stable)

S&P confirmed the credit rating "A" (stable)
Media
Regularly through press releases

Providing information to the general public

At least once a year at the press conference

Regular and transparent information on business operations

Periodically through interviews

Strengthening the positive realistic image of the Company/Group

Regularly through answers to journalists' questions

Maintaining regular and positive relationships

In 2022, Sava Re had 1420 mentions in the media, Zavarovalnica
Sava 1459 mentions, and the Sava Insurance Group had 253
mentions

Responsive and timely communication with the media
Communities
Direct contact with local decision makers

Support to non-profit organisations through sponsorships and
donations

Support for preventive actions

Employee assistance

Involving companies/employees in local communities and society
at large

Co-financing of projects important for the local community

Enhancing security through preventive actions

Infrastructure investments

Awareness raising among the population

Section "Sponsorship, donations and preventive actions"

Section "Responsibility to the community"

-

14.3 Economic aspect91

Economic performance defined by the strategic goals in all areas and reported more extensively in the financial part of the report is the key performance indicator for the operations of the Sava Insurance Group. This is achieved through timely risk identification and management. We believe that both financial and non-financial risks have an impact on the economic performance of companies.

Distributed economic value of the Sava Insurance Group

EUR million 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Index
2022/2021
Other economic impacts
Economic value generated* 782.6 766.8 707.3 620.5 567.3 519.8 102.1
Economic value distributed 723.9 679.9 678.5 647.0 560.9 508.8 106.5
Net claims incurred and other technical expenses 437.2 423.2 446.0 421.5 344.1 313.6 103.3
Expenses for financial assets 13.9 5.7 13.1 6.1 9.6 11.9 243.0
Other expenses 2.3 2.5 3.3 4.6 2.9 2.8 95.2
Operating expenses** 136.5 128.4 119.9 111.0 102.8 87.7 106.3
Dividend payouts 23.4 13.2 0.0 14.7 12.4 12.5 176.4
Income tax expense 15.7 17.4 11.4 10.5 12.2 8.8 90.6
Investments in the social community (prevention, donations,
sponsorships)
5.1 4.0 3.9 4.2 3.8 3.2 127.8
Employee payments, allowances and benefits 89.7 85.6 81.0 74.5 73.1 68.4 104.8
Economic value retained 58.7 86.8 28.7 -26.6 6.3 11.0 67.6

* Economic value generated = net premium earned + other technical income + investment income + other income.

** Operating expenses = commissions and other operating costs, excluding personnel costs, sponsorships, prevention and donations.

As evident from the table, the distributed economic value of the Sava Insurance Group in 2022 totalled EUR 723.9 million. It consists of net claims incurred and other insurance expenses, expenses for financial assets, other expenses, operating expenses, dividend payouts, tax expenses, community investments in the form of prevention, donations and sponsorships, payments, benefits and bonuses to employees.

14.3.1 Sponsorship, donations and preventive actions92

The Sava Insurance Group promotes social responsibility and is gaining visibility as a sustainable partner in sponsorship and donation activities. Prevention action projects encourage society to identify different risks, thus contributing to better safety of lives and property.

For more, refer to section 14.5 "Responsibility to the community".

14.3.2 Sustainability guidelines for investment93

14.3.2.1 The investment process and the Sustainability Investment Policy94

The 2020–2022 strategy period was marked by the entry into force of Regulation (EU) 2019/2088 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019 on sustainability-related disclosures in the financial services sector (SFDR) and its implementation in the investment process. This Regulation lays down harmonised rules for financial market participants and financial advisers on transparency with regard to the integration of sustainability risks and the consideration of adverse sustainability impacts in their processes and the provision of sustainability-related information.

The Regulation requires sustainability-related disclosures at both entity and financial product levels. At the entity level, it requires financial market participants and financial advisors to publish information on their websites about their policies on the integration of sustainability risks into their investment decision-making process or in their investment or insurance advice (the "outside-in" perspective). It also requires them to report on the principal adverse impacts on sustainability factors (the "inside-out" perspective).

The management board of Sava Re first published the Sustainable Investment Policy of the Sava Insurance Group on 30 June 2021.

  • and
  • exclusions.

Its purpose is to regulate the Group's approach by taking into account the environmental, social, and governance factors (ESG), and to ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations governing investments. The policy defines how ESG criteria are integrated into investment decision-making, excluding derivatives and existing illiquid investments. The integration of these considerations into investment decision-making in the Group is based on the following three elements: • monitoring and evaluating principal adverse impacts, • monitoring and assessing greenhouse gas intensity, perspective into investment processes (required under Delegated Regulation 2021/1256) and by more activerelating to the investment exclusion list. At the end of 2022, the Group adopted an extended Statement on Principal Adverse Impacts of Investment Decisions on the Sustainability Factors of the Sava Insurance Group, and published it on its website. The statement is the basis for the disclosure of relevant data under the SFDR; the Group will disclose it on its website by 30 June 2023.

the adult entertainment industry, gambling, mining and energy production from coal or shale oil, the military industry and controversial arms manufacturers.

In 2022, the Group updated its sustainable investment policy by integrating a sustainability risk management ly integrating the principles of the UN Global Compact into the investment process. It also updated the criteria

A list of industries in which the Group does not invest is excluded. Thus, it does not knowingly finance, directly or indirectly, companies or projects in industries such as the production and retail sale of alcohol or tobacco, The Sustainable Investment Policy of the Sava Insurance Group also includes the accession to international commitments such as the UN PRI (Principles for Responsible Investment) and the UN Global Compact. As part of the adverse impact data, the Group will, starting in 2023, check for potential violations of and compliance with the UN Global Compact principles and the Guidelines of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) for Multinational Enterprises. The Group is committed to incorporate such principles and guidelines into the investment process; in the future, when more detailed information is available, it will define the criteria for the exclusion of such investments from its portfolio.

14.3.2.2 Compliance of investments with the Sustainability Investment Policy of the

Sava Insurance Group The Sava Insurance Group adopted the sustainability investment policy in 2021 and amended it in 2022, establishing a list of exclusions with the industries in which the Sava Insurance Group would no longer invest or reduce its existing exposure to such investments. The sustainability investment policy sets out in more detail the sectors and thresholds (as a percentage of revenue). Exposure to such investments is presented using the data provided by Moody's ESG Solutions (Vigeo Eiris) and criteria defined in the sustainability investment policy.

94 GRI 3-3, 201-01.

Value of investments aligned with the sustainability policy as at 31 December 2022

EUR Value of
aligned investments
Value of
non-aligned
investments
Value of
investments with
unavailable data
Total
Non-life 167,057,365 0 139,138,301 306,240,667
Life 222,935,882 24,484,575 34,313,854 281,734,309
UL guaranteed** 19,472,070 0 7,183,382 26,655,452
Investment portfolio captured 409,465,315 24,484,575 180,680,537 614,630,427
As % of portfolio captured 66.6% 4.0% 29.4% 100.0%
As % of total portfolio 27.9% 1.7% 12.3% 41.9%

* Investments that are assessed for alignment with the sustainability policy include investments in corporate bonds and equities, infrastructure and real estate funds, and mutual funds that are not mutual funds of the policyholder's choice (UL funds).

** Guaranteed UL investments include investments covering unit-linked life insurance liabilities for which insurance companies guarantee the unit value.

Number of investments aligned with the sustainability policy as at 31 December 2022

Number of
aligned investments
Number of
non-aligned
investments
Number of
investments with
unavailable data
Total
Non-life 195 0 96 291
Life 304 18 73 395
UL guaranteed* 38 0 12 50
Investment portfolio captured 537 18 181 736

* Guaranteed UL investments include investments covering unit-linked life insurance liabilities for which insurance companies guarantee the unit value.

14.3.2.3 14.3.2.3 Eligibility of investments with the Taxonomy

In 2020, Regulation (EU) 2020/852 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the establishment of a framework to facilitate sustainable investment, which defines the criteria for determining whether an economic activity qualifies as environmentally sustainable for the purposes of establishing the degree to which an investment is environmentally sustainable. In addition, two Commission Delegated Regulations were adopted in 2021, namely Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/2139 and (EU) 2021/2178, supplementing Regulation (EU) 2020/852 with detailed regulatory technical standards.

The tables below show the estimated data on the eligibility of the Group's investments with the Taxonomy and on the exposure of the Group's portfolio to investments on the list of excluded sectors set out in the sustainability investment policy.

14.3.2.3.1 Data methodology and assessment of eligibility of investments with the Taxonomy

Investments are assessed for Taxonomy eligibility based on six environmental objectives:

  • climate change mitigation;
  • climate change adaptation;
  • the sustainable use and protection of water and marine resources;
  • the transition to a circular economy;
  • pollution prevention and control;
  • the protection of healthy ecosystems.

An investment is considered to be eligible under the Taxonomy if it contributes to one of the objectives listed above.

In assessing Taxonomy eligibility, the Group included the investment portfolio covering non-life and life insurance liabilities, and the investment portfolio covering guaranteed unit-linked insurance, namely investments in corporate bonds, mutual funds, infrastructure and real estate funds and equities. The Sava Insurance Group does not use derivative financial instruments. In assessing Taxonomy eligibility, the Group excluded government as an issuer, as well as deposits, loans, investment property and issuers with fewer than 500 employees, as these are not subject to sustainability reporting requirements.

After excluding the above exposures to certain issuers and asset classes, the investment portfolio captured in the assessment of Taxonomy eligibility amounted to EUR 586.5 million (40.0% of the total portfolio), while the investment portfolio with unavailable data on Taxonomy eligibility amounted to EUR 178.6 million (12.2% of the total portfolio). The Group obtained data on Taxonomy eligibility from Moody's ESG Solutions (Vigeo Eiris).

Data on Taxonomy eligibility as at 31 December 2022

* Includes the investment portfolio covering non-life and life liabilities, and the investment portfolio of guaranteed unit-linked insurance.

** Includes investments in corporate bonds, infrastructure, real estate and other funds, and equities, does not include investments in issuers with fewer than 500 employees.

Only the investment portfolio captured in the Taxonomy eligibility assessment is shown below. Investments eligible under the Taxonomy amount to EUR 227.3 million and represent 38.7% of the investment portfolio captured. Investments not eligible under the Taxonomy amount to EUR 180.7 million and represent 30.8% of the investment portfolio captured. Investments with unavailable data amount to EUR 178.6

million and represent 30.4% of the portfolio captured.

As % of total
portfolio
As % of portfolio
captured
EUR Value Taxonomy eligible investments with Taxonomy eligible investments as % of
Total Group investment portfolio* 1,465,537,294 100.0% EUR available data portfolio with available data
Investment portfolio assets captured** 586,529,249 40.0% 100.00% Non-life 86,693,079 21.2%
Investment portfolio with available data 407,978,475 27.8% 69.6% Life 130,517,601 32.0%
Investment portfolio with unavailable data 178,550,774 12.2% 30.4% UL guaranteed* 10,066,725 2.5%
Investment portfolio 227,277,405 55.7%

Without investments with unavailable data we would have 55.7% of investments that are eligible under the Taxonomy and 44.3% of investments that are not eligible under the Taxonomy. The majority of Taxonomy eligible investments come from life funds, followed by non-life and guaranteed funds.

Taxonomy eligibility by fund type as at 31 December 2022

EUR Taxonomy eligible
investments
Taxonomy non
eligible investments
Investments with
unavailable data
Total
Non-life 86,693,079 60,416,817 135,996,644 283,106,539
Life 130,517,601 112,484,960 34,852,190 277,854,751
UL guaranteed* 10,066,725 7,799,294 7,701,940 25,567,958
Investment portfolio 227,277,405 180,701,070 178,550,774 586,529,249

* Guaranteed UL investments include investments covering unit-linked life insurance liabilities for which insurance companies guarantee the unit value.

Guaranteed UL investments include investments covering unit-linked life insurance liabilities for which insurance companies guarantee the unit value.

* Guaranteed UL investments include investments covering unit-linked life insurance liabilities for which insurance companies guarantee the unit value.

Taxonomy non-eligible investments with available data as at 31 December 2022

EUR Taxonomy non-eligible investments Taxonomy non-eligible investments (as %)
Non-life 60,416,817 14.8%
Life 112,484,960 27.6%
UL guaranteed* 7,799,294 1.9%
Investment portfolio 180,701,070 44.3%

* Guaranteed UL investments include investments covering unit-linked life insurance liabilities for which insurance companies guarantee the unit value.

14.3.2.4 ESG criteria for investments

The Sava Insurance Group considers ESG investments to include bonds issued to fund green environmental projects (so-called green bonds) and sustainable bonds (sustainability bonds), which are intended to finance green and social sustainability objectives of issuers and are issued primarily by governments and local authorities. It also considers ESG investments to include mutual funds that adhere to ESG principles and alternative funds that clearly adhere to ESG principles, including by signing the United Nations Principles of Responsible Investment.

The Sava Insurance Group applies a negative screening method when making investments, giving priority to those investments that comply with the ESG principles.

In building its investment portfolio, the Group avoids investing in securities that might have harmful effects of any kind, either on people or the environment, or that in any way deviate from the ESG principles. Part of our funds is invested in debt securities issued by international organisations such as the EBRD, the World Bank and the European Investment Bank, as we believe that these organisations invest in environment-friendly projects and promote development in accordance with their environmental and social policies.

Sustainable investments increased from EUR 132.3 million in 2020 to EUR 195.5 million in 2021 (+EUR 63.2 million) and to EUR 218.4 million in 2022 (+ EUR 22.9 million), or from 8.2% to 11.9% and 14.9% of the portfolio at year-end 2020, 2021 and 2022 respectively.

Common to all of the investments shown in the table below is the fact that the funds collected are used to finance projects and investments meeting ESG Standards.

The companies that became part of the Sava Insurance Group in 2020 have adopted the guidelines set out above and will take them into account in investment management in the future; however, they are subject to a transitional period, during which they must adjust their processes and investment portfolios.

Compliance with sustainability criteria is particularly emphasised in infrastructure investments, real estate funds and other alternative investments, since

non-compliance with the ESG guidelines constitutes (as a rule) an exclusion criterion when deciding on investments in funds and direct projects. Currently, all alternative investments in the portfolios of the Sava Insurance Group in the form of alternative funds comply with at least one industry sustainability standard (e.g. UN PRI – United Nations Principles of Responsible Investment, GRESB – Global ESG Benchmark for Real Estate, TCFD – Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures) and are reported on in accordance with these standards. Rarely, where this is not the case, the Group has agreed on the exclusion of investments that do not meet our internal ESG criteria. Most alternative funds in the Group's portfolio have a favourable impact on the environment and society, as they are specifically focused on renewable energy projects, the construction of infrastructure that supports the transition to renewable energy sources and investments in energy savings. As regards energy savings and the so-called energy entrepreneurship, the Group has been active in the domestic environment for several years now through the financing of direct projects.

Real estate investments in the Group's portfolios integrate ambitious environmental, social and governance

commitments. The most important goals are a drastic reduction in the consumption of energy and water, a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions and efficient processing of waste. The managers of these funds have various certificates, including LEED, BREEAM, WELL and HQE95. As part of the social goals, the funds also strive to strengthen local communities and cities, and the construction of residential real estate takes account of the fact that these buildings are surrounded by green areas for social gatherings and promote healthy living, and that real estate users have guaranteed access to social and educational institutions and actively participate in sustainable mobility projects.

Over the next years, the Group is planning to continue investing in renewable energy sources, energy efficiency projects and sustainable real property. Moreover, it intends to include ESG bonds in the portfolio even more actively. Under the new legislation entering into force in 2021, the Group will also comply with the uniform rules regarding the transparency of the integration of sustainability risks into processes and take due account of impacts harmful to sustainability when making investment decisions.

Group's ESG integrated investments as at 31 December 2022
-- -- ----------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- --
EUR Uncalled
commitment
Called up already Total Total investments
called up or
already made as
% of the Group's
total investment
portfolio
Infrastructure funds 6,366,559 48,258,201 54,624,759 3.4%
Real estate funds 0 14,625,508 14,625,508 1.0%
Direct infrastructure projects 0 424,367 424,367 0.0%
Private debt funds 361,675 4,638,325 5,000,000 0.3%
ESG (green & sustainable) bonds 0 130,210,954 130,210,954 9.2%
Bond mutual funds 0 6,863,508 6,863,508 0.5%
ETFs 0 6,744,389 6,744,389 0.5%
Total 6,728,234 211,765,252 218,493,486 14.9%

The Group is a responsible asset and capital manager, and ensuring sustainable operation will be an important aspect of the management of investment portfolios for the 2023–2027 strategy period. By increasing the share of ESG investments, aligning with a sustainable investment policy and setting up a reporting system, it will strive to achieve its investment portfolio management objectives.

14.3.3 Risks and opportunities arising from climate change96

Climate change is a serious threat to society, the economy and, in particular, to the business of insurance and reinsurance companies. Global temperatures are now about 1 °C above pre-industrial levels, and without appropriate mitigation strategies put in place, they could reach 3 °C or more by the end of this century.

The Group monitors climate change risks and reports on these in section 17.7 "Risk management".

The year 2022 was less turbulent than the previous year for the Sava Insurance Group in relation to natural disasters, although international reinsurance markets were exposed to a number of major loss events. The most significant events for the reinsurance portfolio of Sava Re, with Sava Re's share exceeding EUR 1 million, were the European storm Eunice in February, the floods in South Africa in April, Typhoon Hinnamnor in South Korea in September and Hurricane Ian in North America.

In relation to natural disasters, Zavarovalnica Sava was affected by three losses in excess of EUR 1 million, i.e. one more than in 2021.

Other subsidiaries did not record major differences in loss events due to natural disasters in 2022.

Group companies are exposed to transition risk associated with the shift to more sustainable business operations, and the Group manages this risk through regular monitoring of sustainability-related legislative changes and promptly adapts its business also by offering more sustainable products and by actively learning about its customers' new needs.

Investments in sustainable development and preventive activities (renewables, awareness-raising among policyholders) will continue to be factors that will have a significant impact on the scope and scale of losses due to natural disasters.

14.3.3.1 Product development and underwriting97

Climate and other environmental (increasing burden on the environment related to population growth, pollution from waste and other ecological problems), climate (greenhouse gas emissions) and social changes (introduction of new technologies, changes in legislation, demographic trends, population migration) are shaping a new landscape for the development of new products and underwriting. This gives rise to:

  • new opportunities in the development of innovative products and services and
  • the creation of new underwriting criteria for new and unfamiliar risks (e.g. climate change and related less common or uncommon weather-related natural disasters).

Development of non-life and accident insurance products

In new product development, the basis of a system was established that also focuses on sustainability components in the development process according to predefined rules. The development is thus formally supported by corresponding questionnaires and rules. The questionnaire aims to determine whether our offer has a direct or indirect impact on our customers' attitude towards the environment or more responsible social behaviour, while making them aware of the sustainability features of each product.

Sustainability aspects in products

In 2022, the Sava Insurance Group expanded some of its products with a strong sustainability component. In addition to the insurance of solar power plants already marketed by the Slovenian part of the Sava Insurance Group, the basic technical documents necessary to start offering this type of insurance were also prepared in two other subsidiaries. Motor casco insurance was also upgraded, in particular to provide coverage for electric vehicles.

Development of financial products

The adoption of the Taxonomy (Regulation (EU) 2020/852) and SFDR (Regulation (EU) 2019/2088) regulations aligned the criteria for the entire European market and clearly defined the sustainability of financial products so as to prevent greenwashing. The Group's competent departments keep track of regulations and promptly implement them (relevant disclosures, adoption of relevant policies and similar).

Responsible insurance and reinsurance underwriting

The Group's insurance companies and the reinsurance company are aware of the importance of environmental risks, which is why they seek to adopt and introduce internal rules that will contribute to responsible underwriting of environmental, social and governance risks in non-life insurance.

To achieve this goal, the management board of Sava Re adopted, in January 2022, the Sava Insurance Group's guidelines for responsible underwriting of environmental, social and governance risks in the non-life insurance business. They were introduced in the processes of individual subsidiaries in 2022 and aimed at ensuring that Group companies act responsibly and in accordance with environmental, social and governance values when underwriting risks. The guidelines define eighteen groups of activities that can be sensitive in view of the ESG criteria (e.g. tobacco industry, weapons production, mining), and that is why companies must pay special attention to them or exercise caution when underwriting.

At the same time, based on the guidelines, a reporting system is being established on activities and measures that are necessary to supplement policies, rules, questionnaires and such like. These measures will enable policyholders and insurance companies to raise the standards in underwriting in view of the ESG criteria. Given the six-month transitional period to transfer the guidelines into subsidiaries' operations, more concrete reports or the outcome of the implementation of the

guidelines are expected to be seen in the first half of 2023.

In addition to the Group's insurers, which will use the guidelines in the primary insurance business, their application also makes sense in the reinsurance business.

Basic reinsurance underwriting rules, especially for the facultative business, were enhanced based on the guidelines for the identification and monitoring of exposed ESG transactions in non-Group reinsurance activities. In treaty reinsurance, sustainability opportunities are sought, and the development and creation of new reinsurance opportunities with beneficial effects on sustainability are also monitored.

Providing adequate data

Given the increasing complexity of the decision-making process with regard to ESG criteria, the introduction of the guidelines for responsible insurance portfolio management led to the establishment of an appropriate data collection system and the provision of appropriate data in line with the existing and emerging legislation, as well as an appropriate model for monitor-

ing the impact of the introduction of ESG criteria. Sava Osiguranje (MNE): Company receives the Employers' Association Award for corporate social responsibility.

Sava Infond (SVN): Awards presented by the Moje Finance magazine.

14.3.3.2 Taxonomy eligible non-life insurance activities

The Sava Insurance Group offers the following insurance coverages:

Consolidated gross premiums written and consolidated net premiums earned by class of business*

Gross premiums written Net premiums earned
EUR 2022 2021 Index 2022 2021 Index
1 Medical expense insurance 12,802,027 10,894,787 117.5 11,073,474 8,875,579 124.8
2 Income protection insurance 3,230,277 2,628,428 122.9 1,939,292 2,197,660 88.2
3 Workers' compensation insurance 23,805,490 23,382,419 101.8 22,866,183 22,818,609 100.2
4 Motor vehicle liability insurance 137,553,034 127,700,580 107.7 126,104,292 123,475,030 102.1
5 Other motor vehicle insurance 73,431,760 135,424,687 54.2 67,257,394 128,913,705 52.2
6 Marine, aviation and transport insurance 15,063,293 14,942,917 100.8 13,149,972 14,312,756 91.9
7 Fire and other damage to property 182,211,159 174,039,022 104.7 146,940,674 144,998,489 101.3
8 Assistance 24,906,233 19,449,450 128.1 22,440,230 18,328,700 122.4
9 Total (1–8) 473,003,272 508,462,290 93.0 411,771,511 463,920,528 88.8
10 Other non-life 38,568,918 38,188,872 101.0 35,822,362 40,226,581 89.1
11 Total non-life 511,572,190 546,651,162 93.6 447,593,873 504,147,109 88.8
12 Life insurance 176,006,776 183,247,246 96.0 175,009,912 182,427,208 95.9
13 Total 687,578,966 729,898,408 94.6 622,603,785 686,574,317 90.7

* Included are gross premiums written and net premiums earned of Group insurers, and those of the reinsurer relating to non-Group business. The data in the table for 2022 do not include the portion of the premium that refers to risk coverage that is not directly related to climate change (Article 10.1 of the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) of 4 June 2021).

Consolidated gross premiums written and net premiums earned by class of business*

Gross premiums written Net premiums earned
EUR 2022 Share 2022 Share
1 Medical expense insurance 12,802,027 2.5% 11,073,474 2.5%
2 Income protection insurance 3,230,277 0.6% 1,939,292 0.4%
3 Workers' compensation insurance 23,805,490 4.7% 22,866,183 5.1%
4 Motor vehicle liability insurance 137,553,034 26.9% 126,104,292 28.2%
5 Other motor vehicle insurance 73,431,760 14.4% 67,257,394 15.0%
6 Marine, aviation and transport insurance 15,063,293 2.9% 13,149,972 2.9%
7 Fire and other damage to property 182,211,159 35.6% 146,940,674 32.8%
8 Assistance 24,906,233 4.9% 22,440,230 5.0%
9 Total (1–8) 473,003,272 92.5% 411,771,511 92.0%
10 Other non-life 38,568,918 7.5% 35,822,362 8.0%
11 Total non-life 511,572,190 100.0% 447,593,873 100.0%
12 Life insurance 176,006,776 175,009,912
13 Total 687,578,966 622,603,785

* Included are gross premiums written and net premiums earned of Group insurers, and those of the reinsurer relating to non-Group business. The data in the table for 2022 do not include the portion of the premium that refers to risk coverage that is not directly related to climate change (Article 10.1 of the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) of 4 June 2021).

The data in the table for 2022 do not include the portion of the premium that refers to risk coverage that is not directly related to climate change (Article 10.1 of the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) of 4 June 2021).

14.3.4 Relations with suppliers and the purchasing policy98

Group companies coordinated purchasing policy and made it more uniform, which involves strategic guidelines and principles governing a transparent procurement process. Sustainability goals of the purchasing process are:

  • the establishment and maintenance of partnerships with suppliers (which are our existing or potential policyholders); therefore, we prefer to locate suppliers from the local environment,
  • the definition of additional criteria for the selection of suppliers that take into account environmental and social aspects, and the definition of criteria to be met by local suppliers.

Internal acts prescribe the inclusion of an anti-corruption clause in all purchase contracts99. When ordering, taking over and paying for goods, the principle of four eyes is applied, which ensures a high degree of individual control over the business purchasing process. Sava Re assesses the risk inherent in purchasing on a

GRI 2-6, 204-1. GRI 205-1. GRI 205-1. GRI 414-1. GRI 204-01.

quarterly basis100. The procurement procedure rules have an appended questionnaire on the sustainability of the Company101, which is intended for suppliers whose bids are collected through tenders (the value of goods exceeds EUR 50,000). A completed questionnaire is an important factor in the selection of a supplier and the first step towards promoting sustainability in partnerships as part of the procurement process. The general purchasing conditions, which as a rule constitute an integral part of every purchase, also emphasise the concern for the sustainable development of the Company. The internal acts governing the business purchasing process in all Group companies are updated with mechanisms monitoring suppliers' sustainability.

Group companies' suppliers are mainly providers of consulting services, IT maintenance, office supplies, small tools, computer hardware and software and company cars.

All Group companies are required to partner with local suppliers by the very nature of the business and the need to establish long-term partnerships in their own communities. The local market of any Group member is the

entire country in which its head office is situated102.

Although some of the purchases are made outside their home country, they are mainly limited to the goods and services that cannot be sourced in their home country or are offered at non-competitive prices. In the case of producers or service providers from other countries, business relationships are established through local agents or representatives. Frequently, looking for suppliers in foreign markets is not reasonable because companies can make purchases under better conditions and with less risk with domestic suppliers.

One of the objectives of the Group's purchasing policy is the collaboration of companies in joint purchasing. This most often involves companies registered in the same country. All or a major part of the Group companies take part in the purchasing or development of information solutions. The objective of joint purchasing is: optimisation of the purchasing process, cost savings and reduced risk in purchased goods. Collaborative purchasing also facilitates the sharing of expertise, experience and good practice between Group companies.

The Sava Insurance Group ensures competitiveness and transparency of the selection procedure in relationships with its suppliers by sending requests for proposals to several providers and increasing competencies and responsibilities for decision-making regarding the selection of suppliers, depending on the level of the estimated value of the goods. Special attention is paid to the development of quality criteria, mutual cooperation, creation of synergy and price competitiveness (rebate scales and similar), all of which are considered an appropriate basis on which to assess suppliers.

In terms of procurement, the Company/Group also takes into account a number of other internal acts defining procedures and other instructions. These include: the Group fleet management policy; the rules on procurement, use and maintenance of company vehicles; and the rules on the use of information technology assets.

In 2022, the Sava Insurance Group's purchasing policy and the fleet management policy were also revised. An internal procurement audit was also carried out in all subsidiaries.

14.3.5 Financial assistance received from government103

Slovenia adopted a number of measures in 2021 and 2022 to mitigate the impact of Covid-19 and rising energy prices on the economy. Beneficiaries include legal persons established in accordance with the Companies Act and registered to carry out business activities in Slovenia, with certain companies excluded under certain measures, e.g. companies engaged in certain activities, companies subject to bankruptcy or liquidation proceedings, companies with unpaid compulsory levies and other non-tax monetary liabilities, etc.

In this context, Sava Re and Zavarovalnica Sava were reimbursed in 2022 part of the costs of SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests for self-testing in the amount of EUR 2,254 and EUR 15,077 respectively.

Zavarovalnica Sava was reimbursed for the salaries paid to its employees for their short-term absences of up to 3 days.

Sava Re was reimbursed in 2022 for part of the loss suffered due to increased energy prices in the amount of EUR 11,090.

14.3.6 Definition of other government incentives

In 2022, Sava Re was again granted a partial 30% exemption from the payment of employer's contributions for employees who reached the age of 60 and the exemption from the payment of the employer's share of social security contributions on employment contracts concluded for an indefinite period. These refunds totalled EUR 9,326 (2021: EUR 12,600).

Sava Re also set up a collective voluntary supplementary pension insurance scheme funded by the employer and has a contract in place on the accession to the pension company's pension scheme, registered in the pension scheme register at the Financial Administration of the Republic of Slovenia. Based on these contracts, the Company pays a voluntary supplementary pension insurance premium for those employees who have joined the pension scheme and are thus entitled to a reduced income tax base for the amount of the voluntary supplementary pension insurance premium paid in the tax year for its employees to the pension scheme provider. The total value of this tax relief was EUR 201,720 (2021: EUR 193,899).

Subsidiaries exercise incentives or reliefs in accordance with local legislation (employment of the disabled, inclusion of employees in the pension schemes, etc.).

14.3.7 Tax104

In line with its sustainable development strategy the Sava Insurance Group invests its efforts in being recognised by its stakeholders as a socially responsible and community-minded organisation. This extends to its tax philosophy. Taxes provide for public health services and education. They provide for security as well as the construction and maintenance of public infrastructure. Taxes are a tool for progress and development, and forge relations between the wider community and enterprises.

As a socially responsible organisation the Sava Insurance Group:

  • operates fairly and transparently,
  • calculates and pays all incurred tax liabilities in accordance with international tax standards and national legislation in the countries in which it operates,
  • regulates transfer pricing in accordance with international standards (including OECD guidelines) and national legislations,
  • cooperates with tax authorities in an open and transparent manner.

Taxation is included in the Sustainable Development Policy of the Sava Insurance Group. In the 2023– 2027 strategy period, the Sava Insurance Group Tax Policy will be developed.

The following table shows the amount of taxes and contributions assessed or paid by type and by tax jurisdiction in which the Sava Insurance Group operates.

Sava Re: Health Day on the slopes.

Sava Osiguranje (SRB): Belgrade Half Marathon, a race for families.

2022
EUR
Tax jurisdiction / type of tax
Slovenia Croatia Montenegro North
Macedonia
Kosovo Serbia Total
Corporate income tax paid 17,134,075 0 340,540 133,326 229,398 121,759 17,959,098
Taxes on emoluments paid to natural persons (employer contributions and taxes) 7,380,457 579,275 59,026 112,485 0 24,833 8,156,076
Taxes and contributions withheld and paid on behalf of employees 19,787,061 707,956 904,225 1,300,861 429,810 1,138,422 24,268,335
Value added tax 6,057,261 103,427 153,301 53,197 1,506,804 132,679 8,006,669
Insurance premium tax 32,171,006 1,530,713 1,348,363 0 286,990 1,263,202 36,600,274
Fire brigade charge 3,475,964 23,716 40,473 291,857 0 0 3,832,010
Financial services tax 90,511 0 16,944 0 0 0 107,455
Fee for use of building land 303,328 0 668 0 0 7,240 311,236
Other charges 12,586 205,153 11,390 0 0 60,250 289,379
Total 86,412,249 3,150,240 2,874,930 1,891,726 2,453,002 2,748,385 99,530,532
2021
EUR North
Tax jurisdiction / type of tax Slovenia Croatia Montenegro Macedonia Kosovo Serbia Total
Corporate income tax paid 18,742,002 0 222,761 227,380 289,816 156,628 19,638,587
Taxes on emoluments paid to natural persons (employer contributions and taxes) 7,056,754 593,761 18,898 97,183 0 16,446 7,783,042
Taxes and contributions withheld and paid on behalf of employees 18,793,546 739,468 1,175,692 1,255,469 338,972 1,074,392 23,377,539
Value added tax 3,645,097 125,944 199,731 44,398 1,339,463 88,443 5,443,076
Insurance premium tax 31,364,003 1,669,900 1,170,788 0 244,021 976,700 35,425,412
Fire brigade charge 3,260,740 16,021 26,428 273,877 0 0 3,577,066
Financial services tax 101,514 0 17,757 0 0 0 119,271
Fee for use of building land 288,541 0 0 0 0 7,365 295,906
Other charges 8,872 248,259 13,003 0 0 51,276 321,410
Total 83,261,069 3,393,353 2,845,058 1,898,307 2,212,272 2,371,250 95,981,309

14.4 Social aspect

14.4.1 Responsibility to employees105

At the Sava Insurance Group, we are aware of our responsibility to our employees and have made it a fundamental goal of our sustainable development strategy for the Group to be recognised by its stakeholders as a socially responsible and attractive employer in the region.

Section 10 "Human resources management" discloses in detail matters related to employees or HR affairs.

14.4.2 Responsibility to consumers106

To manage the process of providing services all companies have in place rules, protocols or instructions that have a pivotal role in ensuring quality and in turn customer satisfaction: for underwriting, claims settlement, instigation of recourse proceedings and complaints resolution and describing the procedures for providing information about insurance products or services in accordance with the applicable regulations.

Companies offer their customers excellent products and services, and this is reflected in the awards and commendations, among which we would like to point out:

Sava Infond

At the awards ceremony for the best mutual funds, organised for the 12th year by Moje Finance magazine, the company received the title "best fund management company based in Slovenia" for the fifth consecutive year. In addition, three Infond funds received a total of five awards for the best fund in their categories.

Sava Penzisko Društvo (MKD)

In 2022, the Company received the title "best pension fund in Macedonia in 2022" awarded by World Finance.

Zavarovalnica Sava

The Our Paws (Slov. Naše tačke) digital campaign (promotion of pet insurance) was a gold award winner at the 9th DIGGIT Digital Trends Conference. E-janitor (Slov. EHišnik), a home assistance service, was awarded for its contribution to innovation in the Best Innovation of Podravje 2022 competition

14.4.2.1 Customer in the centre and digitisation of operations107

  • In 2022, we focused on stabilising digital business channels for customers and on improving and speeding up the remote services introduced in 2021 – video identification, signatures and remote examination.
  • We added the possibility of fully automated e-commerce with Sava Infond to the shared portal for customers of the Sava Insurance Group, and the possibility of easier remote signing using one-time SMS signature codes. The customer portal now provides users with an overview of the entire operations of Zavarovalnica Sava, Sava Pension and Sava Infond, further simplifying business with the Sava Insurance Group.
    • In the past year, we started to introduce a central communication automation system that will allow us to centrally manage both business and marketing communication with our customers.

dobriljudje.si

V DRUŽBI DOBRIH LJUDI IZZIVE PREMAGUJEMO SKUPAJ

Spoznajte Zavarovalno skupino Sava, kjer s celovitim naborom zavarovanj, naložb in varčevanj poskrbimo, da se vse izteče tako, kot se mora.

SavaRe_349x544+5mm_002.indd 1 23/12/2021 11:50

14.4.3 Client communication and information108

14.4.3.1 Client communication and information in pre-contractual disclosures in the distribution of financial products

Important milestones in communicating information to clients consisted of Regulation (EU) 2019/2088 on sustainability-related disclosures in the financial services sector (SFDR) and Regulation (EU) 2020/852 known as Taxonomy Regulation, which regulates the sustainability assessment of investments using a science-based approach to preventing greenwashing. To ensure the transition to a carbon-neutral economy by 2050 and the implementation of sustainable investment measures, we need to earn the trust of companies and investors by defining straightforward tools and guidelines adopted based on science-based evidence and experience in the market.

The SFDR regulation stipulates that financial market participants and financial advisers who have financial products in their offer must publish written policies on the integration of sustainability risks and ensure the transparency of such integration. In accordance with the regulation, the providers of financial services in the Sava Insurance Group (Zavarovalnica Sava, Vita and Sava Pokojninska) provide information on the adverse impacts of their investment decisions on sustainability in pre-contractual disclosures for their financial products. In 2021, the Group thus adopted the already mentioned Sustainability Investment Policy of the Sava Insurance Group.

Sava Infond, a Group subsidiary, offers the Socially Responsible Fund, which is a product that promotes sustainability goals in accordance with the SFDR and complies with Article 8 of the SFDR.

All financial and insurance financial products offered by Group companies contain the relevant information in accordance with the legislation regarding their pre-contractual disclosures.

14.4.3.2 Customer information about sustainability factors in insurance products

In line with adopted regulations, the sustainability factors of an insurance product should be presented in a transparent manner to enable insurance distributors to provide the relevant information to their existing or potential customers. The impact assessment underpinning subsequent legislative initiatives demonstrated the need to clarify that sustainability factors should be taken into account by insurance intermediaries and insurance undertakings distributing insurance-based investment products as part of their duties toward their existing and potential customers.

For each insurance product, the product approval process must identify the target market and the group of compatible customers. The target market must be identified at a sufficiently granular level, taking into account the characteristics, risk profile, complexity and nature of the insurance product, as well as its sustainability factors.

Thus, the Directive (EU) 2016/97 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 January 2016 on insurance distribution (hereinafter: the IDD Directive) was implemented with the amendment to the ZZavar-1a in early 2019. This has been supplemented by the Commission Delegated Regulation 2021/1257 of 21 April 2021, which regulates the inclusion of sustainability factors and sustainability risks and preferences in the supervision and product governance requirements for insurance undertakings and distributors of insurance products, and in the conduct of business rules and investment advice for insurance investment products; it entered into force on 2 August 2022.

In accordance with the aforementioned Delegated Regulation, the insurance companies of the Sava Insurance Group in the relevant markets (Slovenia, Croatia) have started to take into account sustainability factors and sustainability objectives in the processes of the development or approval of insurance products, determination of the target market, distribution, as well as the management and control of insurance products.

Criteria for defining sustainability factors were developed. Based on these, the Sava Insurance Group assesses, when developing new and modifying existing insurance products, whether individual insurance products meet any of the sustainability factors, as well as their direct or indirect impact on the environment, society or matters relating to employees, respect for human rights and such like.

Insurance companies operating in markets governed by EU legislation carried out an assessment of compliance with sustainability factors for all insurance products marketed on or after 2 August 2022. Their findings are set out in individual documents dealing with product oversight and governance arrangements. The documents defining the sustainability factors by product were also published by the insurers on their websites.

ANNUAL REPORT 2022 BUSINESS REPORT FINANCIAL STATEMENTS WITH NOTES APPENDICES

14.4.3.3 The Sava Insurance Group brand with the slogan Among Good People

Customer satisfaction and customer relations are at the centre of every business decision in the Sava Insurance Group. Our activities are therefore directed at offering the best user experience, and these efforts are also the main focus of our strategic plan. Group growth and an expanded range of insurance products and services required new positioning. Today, the companies under the wing of the Sava Insurance Group offer comprehensive insurance coverage (non-life, life and supplementary health insurance and other insurance services), supplementary pension insurance, asset management and assistance services. The promise we made to our clients in 2016 under the slogan Never Alone thus grew another dimension.

In December 2021, the Sava Insurance Group made its first public appearance with its new comprehensive campaign, and in 2022 we continued to strengthen our brand, especially on social media. With a number of companies under our wing and under the Among Good People slogan, we communicate their increasingly stronger collaboration and, in the first place, our customer-centric orientation as our overarching value and key advantage.

14.4.4 Compliance109

The Sava Insurance Group is obligated to comply with extensive legal and regulatory requirements as well as voluntary obligations. More than 2,700 employees working in Group companies are obliged to abide by these rules. The compliance function ensures that this commitment is implemented in practice, namely by creating rules, raising awareness, monitoring compliance with the rules and upholding integrity.

14.4.4.1 Organisation of the compliance function

Like the Sava Insurance Group, the compliance function is also decentralised. Each company has its own key compliance function holder, and these are overseen by the Sava Insurance Group compliance function holder. Roles, responsibilities and minimum standards are defined by the Sava Insurance Group's compliance policy. Function holders in each company are responsible for: monitoring the legal situation, providing recommendations for the adoption of relevant measures, identifying and assessing compliance risk, adopting measures to prevent violation of the rules, providing advice to employees, and monitoring existing processes and potential compliance incidents. The Group level function holder provides recommendations to function holders in subsidiaries, and assists and monitors them in fulfilling their obligations.

14.4.4.2 Exchange of information within the Sava Insurance Group

To ensure compliance across the Group and continuous improvement of the compliance system, all compliance function holders normally meet once a year.

External experts are also invited as speakers, and together they discuss topics such as: comprehensive overview of the compliance management system; international standards and good practices with an emphasis on the role of compliance function holders and providers; characteristic compliance risk areas; how to perform compliance reviews and meet other duties of the compliance function holder; EU whistleblower protection directive and its effects on the Company's business, other relevant EU and local regulations and similar.

In 2021, a system was set up for reporting on legislative changes in countries where Sava Insurance Group companies have their registered office. Each month, compliance function holders in all subsidiaries outside Slovenia report to the Group-level function holder on new or amended regulations that affect the business operations of the relevant company. The List contains: the name of the regulation; a brief description of essential changes that affect the company's business; a list of processes affected by these changes; the time limit for the implementation of changes; the persons responsible for the implementation of changes and any related estimated costs, where relevant.

The reporting system established at the Group level facilitates the respective business function holders in managing risks associated with redesigning the business processes that were introduced due to amended legal regulations.

In 2023, the compliance function will continue to provide guidance and oversight in the implementation of EU sustainability regulations, including: the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), Regulation on sustainability-related disclosures in the financial services sector (SFRD); Directive on non-financial reporting (NFRD) and the EU Taxonomy Regulation.

14.4.4.3 Outsourced transactions

The Sava Insurance Group companies may outsource a function or activity that is critical or important for a company's business so that it is performed better and/ or more efficiently. This entails certain risks, such as dependence on external service providers and similar. Group companies are therefore very careful when outsourcing, taking into account all legal requirements as well as recommendations by local regulators. The outsourcing policy of the Sava Insurance Group sets out the minimum outsourcing standards for contracts concluded within and outside the Group.

14.4.5 Complaint resolution

When handling complaints submitted by policyholders (and other beneficiaries of insurance contracts), individual companies that are insurance or pension companies follow the rules and procedures for resolving complaints that comply with local laws and guidelines of the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA), and the asset management company complies with the guidelines of the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) in addition to the applicable laws and regulations in this field.

In accordance with the Sava Insurance Group governance rules, complaints addressed at Sava Re but relating to subsidiaries' operations are recorded at Sava Re. After complaints have been examined, they are submitted to subsidiaries for resolution. The office of the management board and compliance at Sava Re maintains an internal online register of such complaints. Two complaints were lodged in 2022.

All subsidiaries also have in place internal rules, prescribed procedures and instructions for monitoring and handling complaints in accordance with applicable laws.

Environmental Clean-up Campaign in Croatia: Croatian colleagues are joined by football players of FC Rudes, whose main sponsor is the Croatian branch of Zavarovalnica Sava.

Cooperation with Ecologists Without Borders in Maribor on the international Plastic Pirates project and the Global Brand Inventory, where volunteers use nets to collect litter and water samples, providing data relevant to raising awareness on plastic pollution.

14.4.6 Fair business practices110

The values and principles of ethical conduct are defined in the Code of Ethics of the Sava Insurance Group (Code of Ethics), which was also adopted by the Group's subsidiaries. The general principles of the Code of Ethics represent the basic values of the Sava Insurance Group, which are binding on all our employees and include: fairness and compliance of business operations, transparency, managing conflicts of interest, prevention of money-laundering and financing of terrorism, and prevention of restriction of competition. Employees who are aware of violations of the Code or other binding rules must report them to the compliance function holder. No violations of the Code of Ethics were observed in 2022.

The insurers also comply with the provisions of the adopted Insurance Code to ensure business development, a professional underwriting process and professional conduct. The (re)insurance companies' operations are grounded in compliance with market principles, market competition based on loyalty and integrity, and insurance economics and business ethics, with the aim of providing customers with high-quality (re)insurance protection.

Sava Re has also signed the Slovenian Corporate Integrity Guidelines, which commits the Group to creating a work environment grounded in a culture of corporate integrity, zero tolerance for illegal and unethical conduct of its employees, compliance with legislation, rules and values, as well as in the highest ethical standards.

Sava Re uses as its reference code the revised Slovenian Corporate Governance Code for Listed Companies, which came into effect on 1 January 2022.

At the end of 2017, Sava Re also adopted a policy on the diversity of the management and supervisory boards of Sava Re, which governs, inter alia, the gender- and age-balance of all board members111. Sava Re has integrated respect for human rights in its operations in accordance with the applicable legislation and follows the proposal for the national action plan on business and human rights of the Republic of Slovenia. The Company has adopted the rules on the prevention and elimination of violence, bullying, harassment and other forms of psychosocial risks in the workplace, including a protocol for recognising and resolving such risks112. In 2022, Sava Re recorded no such cases.

Sava Re follows the principles and guidelines of the rules on the management of conflicts of interest. The rules aim to mitigate the effects of conflicts of interest and manage conflicts of interest that may arise in the performance of the duties and tasks of individuals in the Company by establishing and implementing procedures and measures to be applied when a conflict of interest arises113.

Fraud prevention and detection systems are in place in all Group companies. In this regard, the Sava Insurance Group continuously updates its system and procedures, in particular by raising awareness, building knowledge and complying with standards of ethical conduct.

14.4.7 Anti-corruption114

In accordance with the provisions of the Slovenian Corporate Integrity Guidelines, the Sava Insurance Group purchasing policy and internal rules of the Slovenia-based Group members, all contracts establishing legal relations must include an anti-corruption clause, general terms and conditions of business cooperation as well as provisions regarding confidential data and protection of personal data.

The Sava Re "Rules on the management of conflicts of interest" prescribe the procedures and rules relating to receiving gifts, entertainment and hospitality. A detailed and transparent gift policy reduces the risk of unfounded allegations and the spread of distrust regarding employee integrity in the discharge of their duties.

The Sava Insurance Group did not record any corruption cases in 2022115.

SUSTAINABILITY REPORT

110 GRI 2-15, 2-23, 3-3, 205-1, 205-3, 419-01.

111 GRI 405-1.

112 GRI 412-03.

113 GRI 2-23.

114 GRI 3-3, 205-01.

115 GRI 205-03.

14.4.8 Protection of personal data116

The Sava Insurance Group is aware of the wider societal implications of the irresponsible handling of personal data, and is taking into particular account the trends in artificial intelligence or machine learning, smart devices and other modern digital technologies. In line with its commitments to high ethical standards, it focuses its attention on this field in close connection with the provision of cyber security and goes beyond the minimum requirements of the law. The companies strive to ensure open, transparent and straightforward communication with individuals whose data they process, also by planning user experiences.

In 2021, Sava Re set up a support function for privacy and personal data protection to facilitate standardisation and harmonisation, and adopted a privacy and personal data protection policy, which was substantially adopted by all subsidiaries in 2022. In particular, the policy strengthens the role and competences of Data Protection Officers (DPOs) and integrates privacy as an important concern into all relevant business and support processes. In 2022, the Sava Insurance Group's subsidiaries continued to digitise the management of personal data protection and strengthened cooperation between relevant stakeholders to sustainably manage the privacy of the Group's employees, customers and business partners.

  • 118 GRI 412-3.
  • 119 GRI 415-01.

The Sava Insurance Group companies have in place internal acts that prescribe the procedures and measures for the protection of personal data and the management of risks that personal data processing in business and support processes poses to the rights of individuals. The data is protected through technical and organisational measures designed to ensure their confidentiality, integrity and availability, and risk minimisation mechanisms are built into the processing processes. All Group companies have appointed Data Protection Officers to carry out advisory, training and supervisory tasks in this area.

Due to the adoption of new legislation in the Republic of Slovenia, the personal data protection activities in 2023 of companies incorporated in the Republic of Slovenia will probably also focus on adjusting to these changes.

The Sava Insurance Group did not identify any major incidents in personal data protection in 2022.

14.4.8.1 Cyber security117

The Sava Insurance Group pays extremely close attention to cybersecurity, for which we continuously strengthen internal system controls with IT and organisational solutions, while training and educating our employees in the field of information security.

For more information on the development in this area, see section 13 "Development of IT support".

14.4.9 Respect for human rights118

The Sustainable Development Policy of the Sava Insurance Group requires the Group companies to ensure respect for human rights in accordance with international conventions and applicable legislation, in particular:

  • in corporate governance, by adopting and implementing rules on the diversity of management and supervisory bodies,
  • in human resources management, by adopting and implementing internal rules to ensure the dignity and integrity of the individual and the prevention and elimination of psychosocial risks in the workplace,
  • in the procurement of goods and services, by assessing suppliers or contractors using appropriately designed questionnaires and checking their references,
  • in non-life underwriting, by adhering to the Sava Insurance Group's guidelines for responsible non-life underwriting of environmental, social and governance risks,
  • by implementing the principles of the UN Global Compact,
  • in relation to clients who are individuals, by adopting and implementing internal rules on respect for privacy and the protection of personal data.

14.4.10 Contributions to political parties119

In line with the adopted code of ethics and the rules on sponsorship and donations, Sava Re and Zavarovalnica Sava do not finance political parties.

Illyria Life Employee Celebration in December: A merry December get-together where employees receive New Year gifts. Special prizes are awarded to the best employees.

151

SUSTAINABILITY REPORT

116 GRI 3-3, 205-01, 418-01.

117 GRI 3-3.

14.5 Responsibility to the community

The Sava Insurance Group members forge strong ties with the community they serve, seeking to establish long-term partnerships. They support their communities through projects with which they help institutions financially or with volunteer work and are actively involved in social activities and actions.

Having already developed an extensive business network, Group companies can more easily recognise the needs and potentials of local communities.

Based on the scope of giving back to the community, including donations, sponsorships and preventive means, Slovenia-based insurance companies (including the Croatian branch office) account for approximately 82% of all Group funds.

Certain members of our Group are the co-founders of the Network for Social Responsibility of Slovenia and members of the Partnership for National Strategy and Social Responsibility120.

Our social responsibility efforts are also reflected in our awards:

Sava Osiguranje (MNE): In 2022, the Association of Employers of Montenegro presented our Community the "Briga za zajednicu" (Care for the Community) award for corporate social responsibility.

Zavarovalnica Sava: The Call of Loneliness initiative was also recognised in 2022, winning a Bronze Award in the Websites & Mobile Sites category at the AdForum PHNX Awards 2022.

14.5.1 Sponsorships and donations by substance121

The Sava Insurance Group promotes social responsibility and strengthens its visibility as a sustainability partner; it operates ethically and gives back to the community, primarily with financial and other assistance in the promotion of healthy life and well-being for all at all ages by supporting sports activities, investing in educational, development and training programmes, humanitarian projects, ecology and health, paying special attention to underprivileged groups. We also support the efforts that drive the growth and development of the economy, especially startups that develop innovative solutions.

Giving back to the community through sponsorship and donations is governed by rules. Sava Re's rules are published on its website. The value of sponsorships and donations in 2022 was up 23%, with the bulk of funds allocated to sports (80%).

Sponsorships and donations by substance

Purpose (EUR) 2022 2021 Index
Humanitarian 138,292 53,829 257
Cultural 172,302 86,546 199
Sports 3,257,279 2,837,656 115
Education, training 74,690 71,711 104
Scientific 383 500 77
Social security 7,731 8,375 92
Disability 4,357 3,183 137
Health 27,673 19,615 141
Other* 606,035 414,653 146
Total 4,288,742 3,496,069 123

* Other costs for sponsoring activities other than sport, donations for protection against disasters and donations for other purposes that are in the public interest.

Zavarovalnica Sava as the Group's foremost sponsor promotes a healthy lifestyle, mainly by supporting sports at all levels – from recreation to professional sports. The most notable contributions in 2022 went to:

  • sports: main sponsor of Maribor Football Club, Croatian football club Rijeka and Football Club Rudeš, and main sponsor of Golden Fox (Zlata Lisica) World Cup ski race;
  • culture: main sponsor of the biggest Slovenian festival, Ljubljana Festival, and sponsor of Festival Lent;
  • The Committed to Steps project, which raises awareness of the importance of enabling physically disabled children to live their lives to the full through a children's dance performance and a donation to the University Rehabilitation Institute of Soča.

Other notable Group sponsorships and donations:

  • Slovenian Red Cross,
  • Water Polo and Swimming Federation of Montenegro,
  • Athletics Federation of Serbia.

insurance industry as they reduce the likelihood of loss events and raise awareness in the general public of the importance of protecting property and health. To this end the insurance companies create special funds for such projects in line with local legislation.

Such funds are available at Zavarovalnica Sava in Slovenia, Sava Neživotno Osiguranje (SRB) and Sava Osiguranje (MNE).

Resources allocated to prevention

In 2022, special mention should be made of donations to help with the Ukrainian refugee crisis; companies in the Slovenian part of the Sava Insurance Group responded at the start of the war in Ukraine and raised EUR 100,000, while at the same time employees followed the appeal by humanitarian organisations to collect clothes, shoes and other items and funds urgently needed by refugees from Ukraine. 14.5.2 Preventive action projects122 Preventive projects have a significant impact on the Zavarovalnica Sava invests in prevention, mainly to prevent fire hazards and increase road safety. At the local and national levels, it supports fire-fighting activities, while its long-standing cooperation with the national automobile association AMZS is crucial for better road safety. Two key projects resulting from this collaboration are the Best Driver project aimed at young drivers, raising awareness of the importance of road safety and gaining practical experience, and the 365 Days to Go! project that reminds motorists in the vicinity of schools and kindergartens that schoolchildren are on the road all year round, not just at the start of the school year when this issue is most often discussed.

EUR 2022 2021 Index
Sava Osiguranje (MNE) 381,043 109,103 349
Zavarovalnica Sava 305,200 306,700 100
Sava Neživotno Osiguranje (SRB) 153,576 100,246 153
Total giving back to the community 839,819 516,050 163

An awareness campaign on the importance of wearing a helmet was also launched in 2022. In the summer, the campaign focused on the protection that helmets offered when using micromobility devices, with interesting publications and a charming helmet design by a Slovenian artist, and in the winter the campaign focused on wearing a helmet on ski slopes.

Prevention funds are allocated mainly to improve fire protection and road safety also in Serbia. In the context of preventive action, a donation for the purchase of laser radar devices for traffic speed control in cooperation with the police is certainly worth mentioning.

Montenegrin companies also allocate most of these funds to road safety, and Sava Osiguranje (MNE), the owner of the subsidiary Sava Car (MNE), has set up a network of 11 vehicle inspection centres.

Similarly, the subsidiary Sava Station in North Macedonia also has two vehicle inspection centres, and a vehicle inspection unit was also opened in Serbia in 2022. Offering technical inspection services according to strict technical standards, vehicle registration, with car insurance taken out upon vehicle inspection, contributes to better road safety.

Since 2019, Zavarovalnica Sava has been developing its Call of Loneliness initiative, which also won an award in 2022 and tackles the problem of emotional distress and suicide and raises awareness of the importance of mental health and problems that arise when it is disturbed. With the initiative, they communicate their belief that companies with call centres have the power and responsibility to help people in distress and invite such companies to join them.

In July 2022, Zavarovalnica Sava launched a new socially responsible You've Got This! (Maš to!) project, also dedicated to mental health, with the launch of the MASTO.SI website and the @_mas_to Instagram profile, which have become the central communication channels for mental health content, empowerment and personal growth while coping with life's challenges. The content is developed in collaboration with selected expert psychologists and psychotherapists, ensuring professionalism, which is the foundation of a trusted and reliable resource on the path to better mental health.

14.5.3 Corporate volunteerism – Heart for the World123 initiative

The Sava Insurance Group supports corporate volunteerism. Its major volunteer project in the past was the Sava Insurance Group Day, when employees went outdoors for clean-up actions or helped the elderly and with local community projects while enjoying each other's company. The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic made such gatherings impossible, so in 2021, under changed circumstances, volunteerism was organised differently, as the Heart for the World initiative. Volunteerism thus became a year-round activity for all employees of the Group and is an incentive for them to always act responsibly, both with people and the environment. Therefore, we renamed the Sava Insurance Group Day in 2021 and called it the Heart for the World initiative.

To this end, a working group was set up to ensure that activities are carried out in their respective environments, in accordance with the interests and wishes of the employees, and to liaise with the various philanthropic and environmental organisations in their area.

Various formats of volunteerism were carried out, including socialising with the elderly and people with special needs, caring for animals, cleaning up the environment, lawn care and blood donations.

The Heart for the World Working Group also places great importance on raising awareness of pressing environmental and social issues among all employees by organising training sessions and sending out e-mails on important global days (e.g. Human Rights Day, World Water Day).

This allowed the Group to organise a number of events and had 830 employees who were engaged in events and performed 5,430 hours of volunteer campaigning.

14.5.4 Commitments to external initiatives124

In the Sava Insurance Group we participate in initiatives promoting ethical conduct and environmentally, socially and economically sustainable business practices. We comply with the fundamental standard of professional business conduct as laid down by the Insurance Code of the Slovenian Insurance Association. We follow the recommendations of the Ljubljana Stock Exchange for listed companies on disclosure of information and have signed the Slovenian Corporate Integrity Guidelines.

Sava Re's code of reference is the Slovenian Corporate Governance Code for Listed Companies.

14.5.5 Membership in associations125

Sava Re is active in several professional associations: Slovenian Insurance Association, Slovenian Directors' Association, British-Slovenian Chamber of Commerce, Chamber of Commerce of Dolenjska and Bela Krajina, Maritime Law Association of Slovenia, Sors (meeting of insurance and reinsurance companies), Slovenian Institute of Auditors, Slovenian Association of Actuaries, CFA Institute, European Institute of Compliance and Ethics (EISEP).

In 2021, the Sava Insurance Group joined the international pledges UN Global Compact and PRI (Principles for Responsible Investment).

In 2022, Sava Re also became a member of the Slovenian Green Network.

All subsidiaries are members of relevant associations and proactively contribute to the development of the industry and other social actions.

Maribor Animal Shelter: Volunteers walk dogs, groom cats and clean and sort food.

14.6 Environmental aspect126

Concern for the natural environment, environmental issues, climate change and related weather phenomena have a profound impact on the global insurance industry. Environmental problems bring new and unexpected risks to the insurance sector. The Group is aware this requires urgent action in daily operations, in both practice and in strategic terms.

14.6.1 Waste disposal policy127

Sava Re has a waste separation system in place which is undergoing ongoing improvements. The Company also strives to reduce waste. We cannot yet measure the volume of waste by type, as waste is collected for the entire building, which accommodates a number of other legal entities.

Zavarovalnica Sava separates municipal waste by categories defined by regulations as waste collected by public waste collection services. Such waste is collected by the public service provider in a manner defined by state regulations and relevant municipal regulations for each branch office. The entities required to collect and report on municipal waste are, therefore, public utility companies.

Other waste generated by Zavarovalnica Sava through its activity is collected by registered waste treatment operators or collectors.

The table provides information on waste other than municipal waste, which is collected by public waste collection services, as previously noted.

The table provides comparable paper and cardboard data for previous years, showing a considerable reduction in the volume of waste:

Category or type of waste Quantity (kg)
Paper and cardboard 32,172
Discarded electrical and electronic equipment 19
Plastics 100
Discarded equipment 680
Concrete 1,320
Soil and stones* 10,440,000
Waste printing toners 159
Waste generated in 2022 10,474,450

* This figure relates to the construction of a new building in Maribor, not directly to operations.

Type of waste 2022 2021 2020 2019
Paper and cardboard 32,172 26,760 54,325 84,445

In the future, the Company expects that the digitalisation of processes or the transition to paperless operation will lead to even bigger savings or a reduction in the volume of waste paper.

Slovenia-based companies separate waste according to instructions of local utility companies and relevant regulations.

Non-EU-based companies have an electronic waste disposal service provider, whereas waste separation and removal are provided by public utility companies.

14.6.2 Energy consumption128

Energy consumption and energy efficiency are environmental and economic concerns.

Especially in times of energy price hikes, the entire Group continually looks for ways to reduce energy costs through investments and appropriate work organisation.

On the basis of the findings of the energy audit and the calculation of its carbon footprint, an action plan to improve Sava Re's carbon footprint was adopted in 2020. It contains the following measures: homeworking, the performance of manual energy accounting, training of employees on efficient energy use, measures relating to the fleet and business travel.

Sava Re is gradually updating its fleet with plug-in hybrids and is preparing to build a charging point infrastructure that will service hybrid and electric company vehicles.

The action plan served as the basis for the adoption of the rules governing homeworking and the establishment of regular monitoring of energy consumption.

The Sava Insurance Group remains committed to sustainability also in investing and maintenance of investments. The rationale behind maintaining or replacing investments is always also assessed in terms of energy efficiency.

Among the investments to reduce energy consumption, the new central office building of Zavarovalnica Sava (completed in 2022) is significant, with around 500 jobs. The property has been designed as a highly energy-efficient, semi-self-sufficient building with a rooftop solar power plant and will be the shared location for all the Group's Maribor-based companies.

As the largest Group company, Zavarovalnica Sava strives to improve the energy-efficiency of its business premises, while at the same time meeting the demands of improving the customer experience and working conditions. The investments include the replacement of old electrical systems (mainly lighting with LED lights), mechanical installations (cooling and heating) and furniture, as well as the relocation of individual offices to newer, more energy-efficient and generally more suitable premises, both in terms of improving the quality of the work done by employees and the customer experience (accessibility, parking spaces, etc.).

Zavarovalnica Sava adopted several property management resolutions in the process of revamping larger business premises for its activity, which was to improve their energy-efficiency with building automation and

systems for their efficient technical management (CNS, energy management). Property management is thus gradually being upgraded with a central control system that is integrated into renovations and newly acquired larger locations. The central control system is the basis of energy management, as it provides insight into consumption patterns, which facilitates reduced consumption and improved energy efficiency.

The Sava Insurance Group also follows the trend of using electric and hybrid vehicles and takes into account the average fuel consumption when purchasing new vehicles. The type of vehicles to be purchased also depends on the availability of the available networks of charging stations in the countries where we are present.

The vast majority of Sava Insurance Company employees have the option of car sharing for business trips, which is particularly suitable in urban environments or in larger cities in Slovenia. In 2022, we also invested in charging infrastructure for electric vehicles; the plan is to install 10 such charging stations in Ljubljana and Maribor by the end of 2023.

Fleet management has in place an app or IT tool for central control over fuel consumption in company vehicles and the subsequent adoption of relevant measures.

Pristina Animal Shelter: Volunteers bring dog food and feed and pet stray dogs.

Maribor Adventure Playground: Autumn projects and colourful preparations for the winter. Volunteers protect wooden structures and playground equipment, and rake autumn leaves.

14.6.3 Carbon footprint of the Sava Insurance Group for 2022129

The calculation of the carbon footprint for 2022 includes 16 companies of the Sava Insurance Group:

    1. Sava Re,
    1. Zavarovalnica Sava (10 sites),
    1. Sava Infond,
    1. Vita,
    1. Sava Pokojninska,
    1. TBS Team 24,
    1. Sava Neživotno Osiguranje (SRB),
    1. Sava Životno Osiguranje (SRB),
    1. Ilyria (RKS),
    1. Ilyria Life (RKS),
    1. Sava Osiguranje (MNE),
  • 12.Sava Car (MNE),
  • 13.Sava Agent (MNE),
    1. Sava Osiguruvanje (MKD),
  • 15.Sava Penzisko Društvo (MKD), and
  • 16.Sava Osiguranje Croatian branch.

Emissions from these sources have been taken into account:

  • direct emissions due to the use of fossil fuels for the heating of offices and fuel combustion in company-owned or managed vehicles (Scope 1),
  • indirect emissions from the consumption of electricity and district heating (Scope 2), and
  • indirect emissions from business journeys by means not owned or controlled by the Company (Scope 3).

The Group's carbon footprint in 2022 was 3,600.64 tonnes of CO2 equivalent (tCO2e), meaning 1.44 t of CO2 equivalent per employee or 76 kg CO2 equivalent per square metre of office space. Scope 1 emissions were 1,279 t of CO2e (36% of the carbon footprint), Scope 2 emissions accounted for 2,059 tCO22e (57% of the carbon footprint) and Scope 3 emissions accounted for 263 tCO2e (7% of the carbon footprint).

The largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in 2022 was electricity consumption (44%), followed by business travel (32%) and heating (24%); it should be noted, however, that two companies use electricity for heating.

Sava Re and Sava Pokojninska calculated their carbon
footprint already in 2019 and were joined in 2020 by
Zavarovalnica Sava, Sava Infond and Sava Penzisko
Društvo. A pilot group-wide carbon footprint calcu
lation, which was a first estimate, was prepared for
2021. In 2022, Group companies worked to improve
the quality of the data collected on energy consump
tion and the scope of emissions-generating activities
for both 2022 and 2021. On the basis of verified data,
they recalculated the emissions for 2021.
The carbon footprint of the Sava Insurance Group's op
erations in 2022 is the baseline or benchmark against

which the Group's carbon footprint and the effective-

ness of emission reduction measures in the coming

years will be compared. In the coming years, Group

companies will improve the scope and quality of the

data collection system.

As expected, mainly due to the resurgence of business travel in the post-pandemic period, our carbon footprint increased in 2022 compared to 2021.

SCOPE 2022 2021 Index
2022/2021
1. Direct emissions from activities – Scope 1 1,278.70 1,165.65 110
1.1 Combustion of fossil fuels for space heating 371.83 331.53 112
1.2 Business travel using vehicles owned or controlled by the reporting
entity – own fleet
906.87 834.12 109
2. Indirect emissions – Scope 2 2,058.88 2,145.94 96
2.1 Electricity consumption (for electrical and electronic equipment,
lighting, space heating and cooling)
1,583.18 1,664.23 95
2.2 District heating consumption for space heating 475.71 481.71 99
3. Indirect emissions – Scope 3 263.05 60.15 437
3.1 Business travel using vehicles not owned by the reporting entity 263.05 60.15 437
3.1.1 Motor vehicles 116.52 49.38 236
3.1.2 Aircraft 144.89 10.39 1394
3.1.3 Public passenger transport – bus and rail 0.64 0.12 519
3.1.4 Taxi, shuttle 1.00 0.26 384
Total 3,600.64 3,371.74 107

Distribution of sources by emission volume in all 16 companies

Percentage of emissions from electricity consumption, heating and business travel

14.7 Sustainable Development Strategy of the Sava Insurance Group for 2023–2027

In the next strategy period, we will continue to build long-term corporate social responsibility in continuous dialogue with our stakeholders, supporting global sustainability goals, with a particular focus on climate change, the health and well-being of our customers, employees and the wider community.

14.7.1 Main strategic goals for sustainable development for 2023–2027

The Sava Insurance Group set these strategic goals:

GOAL 1: Reducing carbon intensity

In its strategy, the Sava Insurance Group has committed to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, thus joining the European Union's efforts to follow the Paris Agreement, i.e. to reduce GHG emissions by 55% by 2030 and become the first carbon-neutral economy or society by 2050.

The Sustainable development strategy of the Sava Insurance Group highlights its focus on climate impacts and thus includes an aspect of its impact on climate change, and addresses opportunities and goals that contribute to mitigating climate change in the areas of:

  • development of products and services,
  • investment and (re)insurance portfolio,
  • process management,
  • stakeholder engagement.

Following the European initiative to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 55% by 2030 in the field of:

  • the investment portfolio reducing GHG emissions by 10% per year;
  • own emissions in Scope 1 and Scope 2 by 55% by 2030 compared to 2022, whereby the achievement of the goal will also depend on measures taken at the level of the countries where we are present through our activities.

GOAL 2: Responsible (re)insurance underwriting

  • We follow the guidelines for responsible underwriting in non-life insurance; premiums earned from activities on the sensitive list must not exceed 2% of the total premiums earned in non-life insurance.
  • We reduce the carbon footprint of our insurance portfolio by excluding the activities that are linked

to those that cause significant harm. Activities that do not cause significant harm (DNSH principle) are those that do not include insurance of the extraction, storage, transport, or manufacture of fossil fuels or insurance of vehicles, property or other assets dedicated to such purposes.

• We develop Taxonomy-aligned products and activities, and increase revenues from Taxonomy-aligned activities.

GOAL 3: Sustainability in the value chain and processes

  • We are increasing the share of ESG investments in the consolidated portfolio, which is to exceed 20% by 2027.
  • We digitise our operations and reduce our carbon footprint by cutting business trips, paper consumption and waste generation.
  • We apply due diligence procedures in our supply chains or audit our suppliers for social and environmental responsibility.

GOAL 4: Improving customer satisfaction

The adequacy of processes that meet customer expectations is measured using the NPS (Net Promotor Score) methodology; the result expresses the likelihood of the respondent recommending a company, product or service to a friend or colleague.

During the strategic period, we will improve the methodology for comparing achievements between companies and within the industry.

GOAL 5: Satisfied and committed employees and strengthening the sustainability culture

We achieve this goal by encouraging:

  • healthy and high-quality lives for employees,
  • individual and group involvement in ESG projects and activities,
  • promoting diversity, equality and inclusion, and preventing discrimination and psychosocial risks.

Select sustainability performance indicators

Select Sava Insurance Group sustainability performance indicators

2022 2021 Index 2022/2021 2022 2021 Index 2022/2021
Environmental aspect Environmental aspect
CO2 emissions per employee (in tonnes) 1.44 1.39 103.6 CO2 emissions per employee (in tonnes) 1.93 1.36 141.9
Number of claims reported online 45,288 40,011 112.9 Annual electricity consumption per employee (kWh/employee) 1,468 1,371 107.1
Social aspect Social aspect
Percentage of employees involved in annual performance
appraisal interviews
49.5% 50% 99.7 Percentage of employees involved in annual performance
appraisal interviews
100% 100% 100
Women as a percentage of all employees 58% 54% 107.4 Women as a percentage of all employees 63% 65% 96.9
Employee turnover rate 16.88% 16.62% 101.6 Employee turnover rate 10.56% 7.69% 137.3
Average hours of employee training 24.6 23 106.9 Average hours of employee training 23.5 19 123.6
Number of injuries in the workplace 9 7 128.6 Number of injuries in the workplace 0 0 -
Investments in the social community – prevention, donations,
sponsorships
5.128.561 4.012.119 127,8 Governance aspect
Governance aspect Percentage of women in management positions 33.3% 25% 133.2
Percentage of women on supervisory boards 17% 17% 100.0
Percentage of women in management positions
Percentage of women on Group companies' supervisory boards
23.9%
21.8%
18.4%
21.0%
132.7
103.8
Percentage of independent members on Sava Re's supervisory
board
100% 100% 100.0
Economic value generated (EUR million) 782.6 766.8 102.1
Economic value distributed (EUR million) 723.9 679.9 106.5
Economic value retained (EUR million) 58.7 86.8 67.6

Select Sava Re sustainability performance indicators

161

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS WITH NOTES

Among good people everyone counts. No one is just a number here. As we take stock of another successful year, we are proud to say that we measure our success not only by our bottom line, but also by the payouts we make to our customers, providing them with financial security and helping them get back on their feet.

STATEMENT OF MANAGEMENT'S RESPONSIBILITY

The management board of Sava Re d.d. hereby approves the financial statements of the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re for the year ended 31 December 2022, and the accompanying appendices to the financial statements, accounting policies and notes to the financial statements. The management board confirms that the financial statements, including the notes, have been prepared on a going concern basis regarding the operations of the Company and the Group and that they comply with Slovenian law and the International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the EU. The financial statements have been prepared using relevant judgements, estimates and assumptions, including actuarial judgements, which apply the methods most suited to the Company and the Group under given circumstances, based on which we can give the below assurances.

The management board members ensure that to the best of their knowledge:

  • the financial statements and the accompanying notes have been drawn up in accordance with the reporting principles adopted by the Company and the Group and give a true and fair view of the assets and liabilities, financial position, profit and loss of the Company and the Group;
  • the business report includes a fair presentation of the development and results of operations of the Company and the Group, and their financial position, including a description of the significant risks and opportunities that Sava Re and the Sava Insurance Group are exposed to.

Furthermore, the management board is responsible for keeping appropriate records that at all times present, in understandable detail, the financial position of the Company and the Group, for adopting appropriate measures to protect assets, and for preventing and detecting fraud and other irregularities.

The tax authorities may, at any time within five years of the end of the year in which the tax was assessed, review the operations of the Company, which could result in additional tax obligations, default interest or penalties related to corporate income tax or other taxes or levies. The Company's management board is not aware of any circumstances that may give rise to any such significant liability.

Marko Jazbec, Chairman of the Management Board

Polona Pirš Zupančič, Member of the Management Board

Peter Skvarča, Member of the Management Board

Ljubljana, 15 March 2023

15 Auditor's report

Independence Standards) of the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA Code) and other ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the separate and consolidated financial statements in Slovenia, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

Key Audit Matters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the separate and consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2022. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the separate and consolidated financial statements as a whole and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.

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INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT to the shareholders of Pozavarovalnica Sava, d.d.

Report on the Audit of the Financial Statements

Opinion

We have audited the separate financial statements of the company Pozavarovalnica Sava, d.d. (hereinafter 'the Company') and consolidated financial statements of the company Sava Insurance Group and its subsidiaries (hereinafter 'the Group'), which comprise the separate and the consolidated statement of financial position as at 31 December 2022, and the separate and consolidated income statement, separate and consolidated statement of other comprehensive income, separate and consolidated statement of changes in equity, separate and consolidated cash flow statement for the year then ended, and notes to the separate and consolidated financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies.

In our opinion, the accompanying separate and consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company and the Group as at 31 December 2022, and their financial performance and cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the EU (hereinafter 'IFRS').

Basis for Opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (ISAs) and Regulation (EU) 537/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council, dated 16 April 2014, on specific requirements regarding statutory audit of public-interest entities (EU Regulation). Our responsibilities under those rules are further described in the Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Separate and Consolidated Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company and the Group in accordance with the International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including International

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Valuation of financial investments in equity of subsidiaries in separate financial statements

Key Audit Matter How our audit addressed the key audit matter

Disclosures related to financial investments in equity of subsidiaries are included in note 17.4.13 Financial investments in subsidiaries and associates (accounting policies) and 17.8.6 Financial investments in subsidiaries and associates (value and assumptions).

Investments in the equity of subsidiaries equal EUR 303,361 thousand (2021: EUR 304,555 thousand) in the separate financial statements and are measured at cost less any impairments. The management assesses indications of impairment of such investments at least on an annual basis and performs impairment testing as necessary. These procedures require management judgement.

Professional judgement and application of subjective assumptions made by the management are necessary in order to assess indications of impairment.

Investments in equity of subsidiaries are subject to significant judgements and estimates. Due to that and because of the significance of the account balances in the separate statement of financial position, we have considered investments in the equity of subsidiaries as a key audit matter.

We have assessed the management's treatment of indications of impairment of investments in the equity of subsidiaries in the separate financial statements. The emphasis of our audit procedures was on assessing and testing the key assumptions that the management applied to define indications of impairment and to assess impairments.

Our procedures included the following:

  • checking and comparing the net assets of an individual subsidiary with the value of the investment in the separate financial statements as at 31 December 2022,
  • assessing the assumptions applied to calculate discount rates and their recalculation,
  • reviewing the projected future cash flows used by the Company to carry out impairment tests,
  • comparing the projected cash flows, including the assumptions related to revenue growth rates and operating margins, against historical performance to test the accuracy of previous management estimates, and checking other assumptions and estimates included in the judgements,
  • verifying the adequacy of disclosures in the separate financial statements.

An auditor's expert took part in our procedures.

Valuation of technical provisions in separate financial statements

Key Audit Matter How our audit addressed the key audit matter
Disclosures related to technical provisions are included in note 17.4.25 Technical provisions, 17.4.27
Liability Adequacy Test (LAT) (accounting policies) and 17.8.24 Technical provisions and technical
provisions for the benefit of life insurance policyholders who bear the investment risk (value and
assumptions).
Technical provisions are a significant item in the
separate statement of financial position. The value
of technical provisions as at 31 December 2022
equals EUR 347,000 thousand (2021: EUR 331,813
thousand) in the separate financial statements.
Provisions are measured in accordance with
accounting policies, which are described in the
financial statements.
Our procedures that we carried out included,
among others:
- Obtaining an understanding of key internal
controls and testing their effectiveness. We have
also reviewed the procedures for analyzing
economic and non-economic assumptions applied
in the calculation of provisions.
Calculation of provisions for reinsurance contracts
is complex, as it entails a high level of
management judgement and complex
mathematical and statistical calculations.
The models used to calculate technical provisions
are designed for each category separately and this
process largely depends on economic and
demographic assumptions.
The management reviews premiums, claims
payments and other input data and assumptions
of a model; the Company's actuarial function is
responsible for verifying the adequacy of
provisions assessed.
Technical provisions are significant accounting
estimates and are subject to a high level of
judgement, therefore we have considered them as
a key audit matter.
- Evaluation of the design, implementation, and
effectiveness of general IT controls performed by
our IT experts.
- Verifying the adequacy of the key management
assumptions applied in assessing the amount of
the said provisions for individual cases, and their
alignment with the adequate supporting
documentation. We assessed whether the
provisions disclosed are in accordance with the
requirements of the accounting framework,
industry practice and legal requirements.
- The assessment of actuarial assumptions,
including the consideration and assessment of
management assumptions involved actuarial
professionals as auditor's experts. Actuarial
professionals took part in verifying the adequacy
of the models and testing the calculations of the
models, and they performed independent
recalculations of provisions.
- We have also reviewed the disclosures in the
separate financial statements in order to assess
whether the information related to the technical
provisions is adequately disclosed.

Other matter

The separate financial statements of company Pozavarovalnica Sava, d.d. and consolidated financial statements of Sava Insurance Group for the year ended December 31, 2021, were audited by another auditor who expressed an unmodified opinion on those statements on April 21, 2022.

Other information

Management is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information, included in Annual report, other than the separate and consolidated financial statements and our auditor's report thereon. We obtained other information before the date of the auditor's report, except for the report of the supervisory board, which will be available later.

Our opinion on the separate and consolidated financial statements does not cover the other information and we express no assurance thereon.

In connection with our audit of the separate and consolidated financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, assess whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the separate and consolidated financial statements, legal requirements or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If based on our work performed we conclude that other information include material misstatement we need to report such circumstances. In relation to this and based on our procedures performed, we report that:

  • other information is, in all material respects, consistent with the audited separate and consolidated financial statements;
  • other information is prepared in compliance with applicable law or regulation; and
  • based on our knowledge and understanding of the Company and the Group and their environment obtained in the audit, we did not identify any material misstatement of fact related to the other information.

Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Separate and Consolidated Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the separate and consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of separate and consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the separate and consolidated financial statements of the Company and the Group, management is responsible for assessing their ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Company and the Group or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Company's and the Group's financial reporting process and for approving audited annual report.

Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Separate and Consolidated Financial Statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the separate and consolidated financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue

Valuation of technical provisions and technical provisions for the benefit of life insurance policyholders who bear the investment risk in consolidated financial statements

Key Audit Matter How our audit addressed the key audit matter
Disclosures related to technical provisions are included in note 17.4.25 Technical provisions, 17.4.26
Technical provisions for the benefit of life insurance policyholders who bear the investment risk, 17.4.27
Liability Adequacy Test (LAT) (accounting policies) and 17.8.24 Technical provisions and the technical
provisions for the benefit of life insurance policyholders who bear the investment risk (value and
assumptions).
Technical provisions and technical provisions for Our procedures that we carried out included,
the benefit of life insurance policyholders who bear among others:
the investment risk are a significant item in the
consolidated statements of financial position. The - Obtaining an understanding of key internal
value of technical provisions as at controls and testing their effectiveness. We have
31 December 2022 equals EUR 1,249,943 thousand also reviewed the procedures for analysing
(2021: EUR 1,237,500 thousand), and the value of economic and non-economic assumptions
technical provisions for the benefit of life insurance applied in the calculation of provisions.
policyholders who bear the investment risk as at
31 December 2022 equals EUR 499,352 thousand - Evaluation of the design, implementation and
(2021: EUR 524,183 thousand). Provisions are effectiveness of general IT controls performed by
measured in accordance with the accounting our IT experts.
policies described in the financial statements.
- Verifying the adequacy of the key management
The calculation of the above provisions entails a assumptions applied in assessing the amount of
high level of management judgement and complex the said provisions for individual cases, and their
mathematical and statistical calculations. alignment with the adequate supporting
The models used to calculate these provisions are documentation. We assessed whether the
designed for each category separately and this provisions disclosed are in accordance with the
process largely depends on economic and requirements of the accounting framework,
demographic assumptions. industry practice and legal requirements.
The management reviews premiums, claims - The assessment of actuarial assumptions,
payments and other input data and assumptions of including the consideration and assessment of
a model; the Company's actuarial function is management assumptions involved actuarial
responsible for calculating and verifying the professionals as auditor's experts. Actuarial
adequacy of the assessed provisions. professionals took part in verifying the adequacy
of the models and testing the calculations of the
Technical provisions and technical provisions for models, and they performed independent
the benefit of life insurance policyholders who bear recalculations of provisions.
the investment risk are significant accounting
estimates subject to a high level of judgement, - We have also reviewed the disclosures in the
consolidated financial statements in order to
therefore we have considered them as a key audit
matter. assess whether the information related to the

From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the separate and consolidated financial statements of the current period, and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor's report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter.

Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements

Report on the requirements of the Regulation (EU) No 537/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Regulation EU 537/2014)

Appointment of the Auditor and the Period of Engagement

Deloitte revizija d.o.o. was appointed as the statutory auditor of the Company and the Group on General Shareholders' Meeting held on 23 June 2022. Our total uninterrupted engagement has lasted 1 year.

Confirmation to the Audit Committee

We confirm that our audit opinion on the separate and consolidated financial statements expressed herein is consistent with the additional report to the Audit Committee of the Company, which we issued on 15 March 2023 in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation (EU) No. 537/2014 of the European Parliament and the Council.

Provision of Non-audit Services

We declare that no prohibited non-audit services referred to in the Article 5(1) of Regulation (EU) No. 537/2014 of the European Parliament and the Council were provided. There are no services, in addition to the statutory audit, which we provided to the Company and its controlled undertakings, and which have not been disclosed in the Annual Report.

Auditor's Report on Compliance of Financial Statements in Electronic Form with the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No. 2019/815 on European Single Electronic Format (ESEF)

We undertook a reasonable assurance engagement on whether the separate and consolidated financial statements of the Company and the Group for the year ended 31 December, 2022 (hereinafter 'audited separate and consolidated financial statements') are prepared taking into consideration the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/815 of 17 December 2018 supplementing Directive 2004/109/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to regulatory technical standards on the specification of a single electronic reporting format, valid for the year 2022 (hereinafter 'Delegated Regulation').

Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance

Management is responsible for the preparation and correct presentation of audited separate and consolidated financial statements in electronic form in accordance with the requirements of the Delegated Regulation and for such internal control as determined necessary by the management, to enable the preparation of separate and consolidated financial statements in electronic form that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with International Standards on Auditing and EU Regulation will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these separate and consolidated financial statements.

As part of an audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing and EU Regulation, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:

  • Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the separate and consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
  • Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's and the Group's internal controls.
  • Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management.
  • Conclude on the appropriateness of management's use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company's and the Group's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor's report to the related disclosures in the separate and consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor's report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company or the Group to cease to continue as a going concern.
  • Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the separate and consolidated financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the separate and consolidated financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
  • Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business activities within the Group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion.

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.

Conclusion

In our opinion, based on the procedures performed and the evidence obtained we believe that the audited separate and consolidated financial statements of the Company and the Group for the year ended 31 December 2022, are in all material respect prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Delegated Regulation.

Engagement partner responsible for the audit on behalf of Deloitte revizija d.o.o. is Barbara Žibret Kralj.

DELOITTE REVIZIJA d.o.o.

Barbara Žibret Kralj Certified auditor

For signature, please refer to the original Slovenian version.

Ljubljana, 15 March 2023

TRANSLATION ONLY, SLOVENE ORIGINAL PREVAILS

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the preparation of audited separate and consolidated financial statements in electronic form in accordance with the requirements of the Delegated Regulation.

Auditor's Responsibility

Our responsibility is to carry out a reasonable assurance engagement and to express the conclusion on whether the audited separate and consolidated financial statements in electronic form are prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Delegated Regulation. We conducted our reasonable assurance engagement in accordance with the International Standard on Assurance Engagements 3000 (Revised) – Assurance Engagements Other than Audits or Reviews of Historical Financial Information (ISAE 3000) published by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board. This standard requires that we plan and perform the engagement to obtain reasonable assurance for providing a conclusion.

We have conducted the engagement in compliance with independence and ethical requirements as provided by the Regulation EU No. 537/2014 and IESBA Code. The code is based on the principles of integrity, objectivity, professional competence and due diligence, confidentiality and professional conduct. We are in compliance with the International Standard on Quality Management (ISQM 1) and accordingly maintain an overall quality management system, including documented policies and procedures regarding compliance with ethical requirements, professional standards and applicable legal and statutory requirements.

Summary of Work Performed

Within the scope of the work performed, we have carried out the following audit procedures:

  • we have identified and assessed the risk of material non-compliance of audited separate and consolidated financial statements misstatement with the requirements of the Delegated Regulation;
  • we have obtained understanding of the internal control processes considered important for our reasonable assurance engagement in order to design appropriate procedures in given circumstances, however, not with the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of internal control;
  • we have assessed whether the audited separate and consolidated financial statements satisfy the conditions of Delegated Regulations, valid on the reporting date;
    • o we have obtained reasonable assurance that the audited separate and consolidated financial statements of the issuer are presented in the electronic XHTML format;
    • o we have obtained reasonable assurance that the values and disclosures in the audited consolidated financial statements in the electronic XHTML format are tagged correctly and in the Inline XBRL technology (iXBRL), so that their machine reading can ensure complete and correct information that is included in the audited consolidated financial statements.

We believe that the evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our conclusion.

16 Financial statements

16.1 Statement of financial position

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR Note 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec2021 31 Dec2022 31 Dec2021
ASSETS 2,534,002,659 2,658,322,359 863,105,571 832,078,756
Intangible assets 17.8.1 71,014,525 67,306,775 4,068,384 3,194,031
Property, plant and equipment 17.8.2 62,435,731 56,337,174 2,553,945 2,464,213
Right-of-use assets 17.8.3 7,425,544 7,386,426 320,124 204,879
Deferred tax assets 17.8.4 27,943,687 5,487,403 8,610,373 3,688,957
Investment property 17.8.5 22,795,759 14,281,192 7,721,693 7,899,693
Financial investments in subsidiaries 17.8.6 0 0 303,360,793 304,554,991
Financial investments in associates 17.8.6 21,856,109 20,479,729 19,575,000 19,575,000
- Equity-accounted 21,856,109 20,479,729 0 0
- Measured at cost 0 0 19,575,000 19,575,000
Financial investments: 17.8.7 1,297,012,771 1,472,688,443 333,328,717 327,784,595
- Loans and deposits 31,000,348 29,846,572 12,175,363 12,183,310
- Held to maturity 46,253,622 40,023,124 2,075,395 2,816,979
- Available for sale 1,200,776,061 1,368,432,673 313,703,700 303,501,261
- At fair value through profit or loss 18,982,740 34,386,074 5,374,259 9,283,045
Assets held for the benefit of policyholders who bear the investment risk 17.8.8 483,893,869 517,439,592 0 0
Reinsurers' share of technical provisions 17.8.9 65,600,524 57,767,056 55,484,147 48,486,444
Investment contract assets 17.8.10 172,915,796 172,836,349 0 0

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR Note 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec2021 31 Dec2022 31 Dec2021
Receivables 17.8.11 174,160,961 149,940,870 91,271,934 79,803,172
Receivables arising out of primary insurance business 143,751,656 128,544,723 82,025,975 74,410,185
Receivables arising out of reinsurance and co-insurance business 12,760,801 9,077,165 8,976,477 5,125,596
Current tax assets 3,945,207 330,518 49,594 0
Other receivables 13,703,297 11,988,464 219,888 267,391
Deferred acquisition costs 17.8.12 28,546,775 22,572,741 12,184,649 4,869,156
Other assets 17.8.13 4,174,340 4,380,387 699,783 746,808
Cash and cash equivalents 17.8.14 93,234,465 88,647,678 23,926,029 28,806,817
Non-current assets held for sale 17.8.15 991,803 770,544 0 0
EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 2,534,002,659 2,658,322,359 863,105,571 832,078,756
Shareholders' equity 411,951,369 504,077,018 381,861,203 371,166,000
Share capital 17.8.16 71,856,376 71,856,376 71,856,376 71,856,376
Capital reserves 17.8.17 42,702,320 42,702,320 54,239,757 54,239,757
Profit reserves 17.8.18 256,945,591 229,008,079 257,222,058 229,238,622
Own shares 17.8.19 -24,938,709 -24,938,709 -24,938,709 -24,938,709
Fair value reserve 17.8.20 -116,548,560 21,246,888 -18,461,344 3,619,683
Reserve due to fair value revaluation 17.8.20 2,093,462 1,300,871 152,447 96,544
Retained earnings 17.8.21 142,589,630 116,166,406 13,807,182 10,633,662
Net profit or loss for the period 17.8.21 40,034,954 49,623,843 27,983,436 26,420,064
Translation reserve 17.8.20 -3,255,565 -3,256,354 0 0
Equity attributable to owners of the controlling company 411,479,499 503,709,720 381,861,203 371,166,000
Non-controlling interests in equity 17.8.22 471,870 367,298 0 0
Subordinated liabilities 17.8.23 74,924,356 74,863,524 74,924,356 74,863,524
Technical provisions 17.8.24 1,249,942,508 1,237,500,117 347,000,232 331,812,724

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR Note 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec2021 31 Dec2022 31 Dec2021
Unearned premiums 229,798,730 207,022,452 52,992,395 52,775,034
Technical provisions for life insurance business 422,651,931 443,577,279 0 0
Provision for outstanding claims 586,617,285 578,713,597 292,973,124 278,281,619
Other technical provisions 10,874,562 8,186,789 1,034,713 756,071
Technical provisions for the benefit of life insurance policyholders who bear the
investment risk
17.8.24 499,351,605 524,183,338 0 0
Other provisions 17.8.25 8,094,491 9,018,106 392,640 421,865
Deferred tax liabilities 17.7.4 3,648,160 11,387,395 771,533 76,227
Investment contract liabilities 17.8.10 172,739,040 172,660,266 0 0
Other financial liabilities 17.8.26 567,871 584,924 0 0
Liabilities from operating activities 17.8.26 56,208,903 54,783,379 49,649,234 46,543,595
Liabilities from primary insurance business 42,594,900 41,669,619 41,725,833 39,556,034
Liabilities from reinsurance and co-insurance business 11,516,239 10,109,076 7,877,987 6,592,809
Current income tax liabilities 2,097,764 3,004,684 45,414 394,752
Lease liability 17.7.3 7,436,004 7,224,138 320,490 203,730
Other liabilities 17.8.27 49,138,352 62,040,154 8,185,884 6,991,091

Sava Re
Note 2022 2021 2022 2021
17.8.29 701,377,709 686,574,317 165,480,370 162,736,587
774,134,291 729,898,408 199,405,328 190,051,724
-51,679,242 -46,115,953 -34,948,870 -31,488,119
-21,947,690 3,425,874 -217,361 4,636,075
870,350 -634,012 1,241,273 -463,093
17.8.30 1,285,731 772,886 51,923,025 50,417,783
1,285,731 772,886 0 0
0 0 51,923,025 50,417,783
17.8.31 29,004,910 34,057,270 7,584,599 9,902,249
16,400,437 16,842,749 3,004,885 2,569,728
12,604,473 17,214,521 4,579,714 7,332,521
17.8.31 0 68,719,103 0 0
17.8.32 21,781,521 19,101,970 5,684,008 5,824,719
9,749,076 8,640,223 5,230,850 4,870,965
12,032,445 10,461,747 453,158 953,754
17.8.32 30,482,774 27,037,764 995,363 834,088
17.8.33 -419,716,183 -408,814,273 -106,217,717 -111,592,756
-453,351,834 -406,908,665 -129,236,023 -99,242,817
34,502,483 12,632,236 31,953,381 9,926,605
-6,522,292 -30,461,435 -14,691,505 -39,290,966
5,655,460 15,923,591 5,756,430 17,014,422
Sava Insurance Group

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR Note 2022 2021 2022 2021
Change in other technical provisions 17.8.34 18,514,205 23,872,769 -190,091 723,394
Change in technical provisions for policyholders who bear the investment risk 17.8.34 24,319,262 -115,064,830 0 0
Expenses for bonuses and rebates 17.8.34 -302,347 -276,004 -88,551 1,643
Operating expenses 17.8.35 -228,329,299 -219,931,765 -60,164,284 -61,268,096
Acquisition costs -81,688,701 -77,684,219 -48,083,564 -45,244,305
Change in deferred acquisition costs 3,013,935 -1,926,381 3,933,836 -968,321
Other operating expenses -149,654,533 -140,321,165 -16,014,556 -15,055,470
Expenses from investments in associates and impairment losses on goodwill 17.8.30 0 0 -1,188,202 0
Impairment losses on goodwill 0 0 -1,188,202 0
Expenses for financial assets and liabilities 17.8.31 -13,872,931 -5,710,086 -4,807,876 -3,239,801
Impairment losses on financial assets not at fair value through profit or loss -532,232 -161,960 0 0
Interest expense -3,220,177 -3,128,936 -2,907,055 -2,898,715
Other investment expenses -10,120,522 -2,419,190 -1,900,821 -341,086
Net realised and unrealised losses on investments of life insurance policyholders who
bear the investment risk
17.8.31 -60,682,135 0 0 0
Other technical expenses 17.8.32 -17,532,777 -14,337,516 -1,406,373 -464,594
Other expenses 17.8.32 -2,347,232 -2,466,335 -319,385 -269,002
Profit or loss before tax 83,983,208 93,535,270 57,284,886 53,606,214
Income tax expense 17.8.36 -15,740,622 -17,368,092 -1,318,014 -766,087
Net profit or loss for the period 68,242,586 76,167,178 55,966,872 52,840,127
Net profit or loss attributable to owners of the controlling company 68,018,387 76,074,721 - -
Net profit or loss attributable to non-controlling interests 224,199 92,457 - -
Earnings per share (basic and diluted) 17.8.21 4.39 4.91 - -

16.3 Statement of other comprehensive income

Razkritja Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 2022 2021 2022 2021
PROFIT OR LOSS FOR THE PERIOD, NET OF TAX 17.8.21 68,242,586 76,167,178 55,966,872 52,840,127
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME, NET OF TAX -137,011,233 -18,581,762 -22,025,125 -2,370,146
a) Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss 792,535 336,546 55,904 49,958
Other items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss 17.8.25 946,933 335,805 55,904 49,958
Tax on items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss -154,398 741 0 0
b) Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss -137,803,768 -18,918,308 -22,081,029 -2,420,104
Net gains/losses on remeasuring available-for-sale financial assets -168,628,558 -23,140,493 -27,260,529 -2,987,782
Net change recognised in the fair value reserve 17.8.7 -165,013,451 -18,094,415 -27,260,529 -2,987,782
Net change transferred from fair value reserve to profit or loss -3,615,107 -5,105,275 0 0
Other reclassifications 0 59,197 0 0
Tax on items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss 30,824,325 4,212,448 5,179,500 567,678
Net gains or losses from translation of financial statements of non-domestic companies 465 9,737 0 0
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE PERIOD, NET OF TAX -68,768,647 57,585,416 33,941,747 50,469,981
Attributable to owners of the controlling company -68,983,681 57,494,564 - -
Attributable to non-controlling interests 215,034 90,852 - -

16.4 Cash flow statement

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR Note 2022 2021 2022 2021
A. Cash flows from operating activities
a) Items of the income statement 137,252,802 6,272,151 4,466,060 -2,484,939
Net profit or loss for the period 68,242,586 76,167,178 55,966,872 52,840,127
Adjustments for: 69,010,216 -69,895,027 -51,500,812 -55,325,066
1 Realised gains or losses on the disposal of subsidiaries -994,004 0 -994,004 0
2 Realised gains or losses on the disposal of property, plant and equipment assets -959,637 -325,160 -75,958 -16,416
3 Gains or losses of equity-accounted subsidiary 17.8.31 -1,285,731 -772,886 0 0
5 Other financial expenses/income 46,782,360 -91,962,689 -50,961,254 -52,639,007
6 Depreciation/amortisation 9,609,074 10,394,920 700,110 709,820
7 Income tax expense 15,740,622 17,368,092 1,318,014 766,086
8 Net exchange differences 117,532 -4,597,304 -1,487,720 -4,145,549
b.) Changes in net operating assets (receivables for premium, other receivables, other assets and
deferred tax assets/liabilities) of operating items of the statement of financial position
-82,490,477 114,721,511 -5,806,562 28,985,547
1. Change in receivables from primary insurance 17.8.11 -15,206,933 6,740,865 -6,864,683 5,252,723
2. Change in receivables from reinsurance 17.8.11 -3,683,636 -3,022,589 -5,581,942 -664,429
3. Change in other receivables from (re)insurance business 466,499 -476,290 0 0
4. Change in other receivables and other assets -9,881,503 2,251,177 -7,261,077 2,868,700
5. Change in deferred tax assets 17.7.4 -22,456,284 -562,584 0 0
6. Change in inventories 17.8.13 -14,349 1,377 0 0
7. Change in liabilities arising out of primary insurance 17.8.26 925,281 -4,600,214 0 -1,009,856
8. Change in liabilities arising out of reinsurance business 17.8.26 1,407,163 3,271,917 4,684,649 1,769,265
9. Change in other operating liabilities 9,104,155 12,040,513 1,212,758 2,711,772

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR Note 2022 2021 2022 2021
10. Change in other liabilities (except unearned premiums) -5,640,174 10,721,974 55,904 684,123
11. Change in technical provisions -20,369,827 102,938,043 8,709,273 17,378,525
- Change in unearned premiums 21,502,840 -2,791,862 -598,412 -4,172,982
- Change in provision for outstanding claims 960,800 14,537,844 9,029,043 22,276,544
- Change in other technical provisions 2,226,940 -1,381,815 278,642 -725,037
- Change in mathematical provision -20,741,145 -22,490,954 0 0
- Change in mathematical provision for policyholders who bear the investment risk -24,319,262 115,064,830 0 0
12 Corporate income tax paid -17,140,869 -14,582,678 -761,444 -5,276
c) Net cash from/used in operating activities (a + b) 54,762,325 120,993,662 -1,340,502 26,500,608
B. Cash flows from investing activities
a) Cash receipts from investing activities 380,529,252 681,772,670 138,885,341 152,457,625
1. Interest received from investing activities 17.8.31 21,310,944 22,902,040 3,679,026 3,649,817
2. Cash receipts from dividends and participation in the profit of others 17.8.31 1,255,291 1,847,602 52,381,099 50,936,381
3. Proceeds from sale of intangible assets 21,137 1,310,598 0 0
4. Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment assets 6,790,751 1,548,925 107,892 16,417
5. Proceeds from disposal of financial investments 351,151,129 654,163,505 82,717,324 97,855,010
5.1. Proceeds from disposal of subsidiaries and other companies 1,000,000 0 1,000,000 0
5.2. Other proceeds from disposal of financial investments 350,151,129 654,163,505 81,717,324 97,855,010
b) Cash disbursements in investing activities -402,149,557 -778,792,089 -116,254,278 -161,168,166
1. Purchase of intangible assets -5,515,155 -6,728,193 -1,120,721 -2,048,184
2. Purchase of property, plant and equipment -14,852,976 -11,220,649 -318,754 -137,395
3. Purchase of long-term financial investments -381,781,426 -760,843,247 -114,814,803 -158,982,587
3.1. Purchase of subsidiary companies 0 -5,032,579 0 -5,032,579
3.2. Other disbursements to acquire financial investments -381,781,426 -755,810,668 -114,814,803 -153,950,008

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR Note 2022 2021 2022 2021
c) Net cash from/used in investing activities (a + b) -21,620,305 -97,019,419 22,631,063 -8,710,541
C. Cash flows from financing activities
a) Cash receipts from financing activities 2,199,841 1,866,213 0 0
2.
Proceeds from long-term borrowing
2,199,841 1,866,213 0 0
b) Cash disbursements in financing activities -30,755,075 -20,651,372 -26,171,348 -16,063,395
1.
Interest paid
17.8.31 -2,919,213 -2,893,735 -2,908,497 -2,838,770
3.
Repayment of long-term financial liabilities
-4,478,860 -4,517,330 -16,307 -51,583
5.
Dividends and other profit participations paid
-23,357,002 -13,240,307 -23,246,544 -13,173,042
c) Net cash from/used in financing activities (a + b) -28,555,234 -18,785,159 -26,171,348 -16,063,395
D. Closing balance of cash and cash equivalents 93,234,465 88,647,678 23,926,029 28,806,817
x) Net increase or decrease in cash and cash equivalents for the period (Ac + Bc + Cc) 4,586,786 5,189,084 -4,880,787 1,726,672
y) Opening balance of cash and cash equivalents 88,647,678 83,458,594 28,806,817 27,080,146

16.5 Statement of changes in equity for 2022

Sava Insurance Group III. Profit reserves IX. Equity
EUR I. Share
capital
II. Capital
reserves
Legal reserves
and reserves
provided for
in the articles
of association
Reserve for
own shares
Catastrophe
equalisation
reserve
Other IV. Fair value
reserve
Reserve due
to fair value
revaluation
V. Retained
earnings
VI. Net profit
or loss for the
period
VII. Own
shares
VIII.
Translation
reserve
attributable
to owners
of the
controlling
company
X. Non-con
trolling inter
ests in equity
Total
(15 + 16)
1. 2. 4. 5. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
Closing balance in previous
financial year
71,856,376 42,702,320 12,150,797 24,938,709 11,225,068 180,693,505 21,246,888 1,300,871 116,166,406 49,623,843 -24,938,709 -3,256,354 503,709,720 367,298 504,077,018
Opening balance in the financial
period
71,856,376 42,702,320 12,150,797 24,938,709 11,225,068 180,693,505 21,246,888 1,300,871 116,166,406 49,623,843 -24,938,709 -3,256,354 503,709,720 367,298 504,077,018
Comprehensive income for the
period, net of tax
0 0 0 0 0 0 -137,795,448 792,591 0 68,018,387 0 789 -68,983,681 215,034 -68,768,647
a) Net profit or loss for the
period
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 68,018,387 0 0 68,018,387 224,199 68,242,586
b) Other comprehensive income 0 0 0 0 0 0 -137,795,448 792,591 0 0 0 789 -137,002,068 -9,165 -137,011,233
Transactions with owners –
payouts
0 0 0 0 0 27,937,512 0 0 -23,200,618 -27,983,436 0 0 -23,246,542 -110,460 -23,357,002
Dividend distributions
(accounted)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -23,246,542 0 0 0 -23,246,542 -110,460 -23,357,002
Allocation of net profit to profit
reserve
0 0 0 0 0 27,937,512 0 0 45,924 -27,983,436 0 0 0 0 0
Movements within equity 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 49,623,844 -49,623,844 0 0 0 0 0
Transfer of profit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 49,623,844 -49,623,844 0 0 0 0 0
Closing balance in the financial
period
71,856,376 42,702,320 12,150,797 24,938,709 11,225,068 208,631,017 -116,548,560 2,093,462 142,589,630 40,034,954 -24,938,709 -3,255,565 411,479,499 471,870 411,951,369

Sava Re III. Profit reserves
EUR I. Share capital II. Capital
reserves
Legal reserves
and reserves
provided for in
the articles of
association
Reserve for
own shares
Catastrophe
equalisation
reserve
Other IV. Fair value
reserve
Reserve due
to fair value
revaluation
V. Retained
earnings
VI. Net profit
or loss for the
period
VII. Own
shares
Total
1. 2. 4. 5. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
Closing balance in previous financial year 71,856,376 54,239,757 14,986,525 24,938,709 10,000,000 179,313,389 3,619,683 96,544 10,633,662 26,420,064 -24,938,709 371,166,000
Opening balance in the financial period 71,856,376 54,239,757 14,986,525 24,938,709 10,000,000 179,313,389 3,619,683 96,544 10,633,662 26,420,064 -24,938,709 371,166,000
Comprehensive income for the period, net of tax 0 0 0 0 0 0 -22,081,029 55,904 0 55,966,872 0 33,941,747
a) Net profit or loss for the period 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55,966,872 0 55,966,872
b) Other comprehensive income 0 0 0 0 0 0 -22,081,029 55,904 0 0 0 -22,025,125
Transactions with owners – payouts 0 0 0 0 0 27,983,436 0 0 -23,246,544 -27,983,436 0 -23,246,544
Dividend distributions (accounted) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -23,246,544 0 0 -23,246,544
Allocation of net profit to profit reserve 0 0 0 0 0 27,983,436 0 0 0 -27,983,436 0 0
Movements within equity 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,420,064 -26,420,064 0 0
Transfer of profit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,420,064 -26,420,064 0 0
Closing balance in the financial period 71,856,376 54,239,757 14,986,525 24,938,709 10,000,000 207,296,824 -18,461,344 152,447 13,807,182 27,983,436 -24,938,709 381,861,203

16.6 Statement of changes in equity for 2021

Sava Insurance Group III. Profit reserves IX. Equity
EUR I. Share
capital
II. Capital
reserves
Legal reserves
and reserves
provided for
in the articles
of association
Reserve for
own shares
Catastrophe
equalisation
reserve
Other IV. Fair value
reserve
Reserve due
to fair value
revaluation
V. Retained
earnings
VI. Net profit
or loss for the
period
VII. Own
shares
VIII.
Translation
reserve
attributable
to owners
of the
controlling
company
X. Non-con
trolling inter
ests in equity
Total
(15 + 16)
1. 2. 4. 5. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
Closing balance in previous
financial year
71,856,376 43,035,948 11,950,493 24,938,709 11,225,068 154,171,310 40,173,090 964,485 73,413,529 56,197,541 -24,938,709 -3,266,013 459,721,827 492,661 460,214,488
Opening balance in the financial
period
71,856,376 43,035,948 11,950,493 24,938,709 11,225,068 154,171,310 40,173,090 964,485 73,413,529 56,197,541 -24,938,709 -3,266,013 459,721,827 492,661 460,214,488
Comprehensive income for the
period, net of tax
0 0 0 0 0 0 -18,926,202 336,386 0 76,074,721 0 9,659 57,494,564 90,852 57,585,416
a) Net profit or loss for the
period
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 76,074,721 0 0 76,074,721 92,457 76,167,178
b) Other comprehensive income 0 0 0 0 0 0 -18,926,202 336,386 0 0 0 9,659 -18,580,157 -1,605 -18,581,762
Transactions with owners –
payouts
0 0 200,304 0 0 26,522,195 0 0 -13,444,663 -26,450,878 0 0 -13,173,042 -67,265 -13,240,307
Dividend distributions
(accounted)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -13,173,042 0 0 0 -13,173,042 -67,265 -13,240,307
Allocation of net profit to profit
reserve
0 0 200,304 0 0 26,522,195 0 0 -271,621 -26,450,878 0 0 0 0 0
Movements within equity 0 -333,628 0 0 0 0 0 0 56,197,541 -56,197,541 0 0 -333,628 -148,953 -482,581
Transfer of profit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 56,197,541 -56,197,541 0 0 0 0 0
Acquisition of non-controlling
interests
0 -333,628 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -333,628 -148,953 -482,581
Closing balance in the financial
period
71,856,376 42,702,320 12,150,797 24,938,709 11,225,068 180,693,505 21,246,888 1,300,871 116,166,406 49,623,843 -24,938,709 -3,256,354 503,709,720 367,298 504,077,018

Sava Re
EUR I. Share capital II. Capital
reserves
Legal reserves
and reserves
provided for in
the articles of
association
Reserve for
own shares
Catastrophe
equalisation
reserve
Other IV. Fair value
reserve
Reserve due
to fair value
revaluation
V. Retained
earnings
VI. Net profit
or loss for the
period
VII. Own
shares
Total
1. 2. 4. 5. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
Closing balance in previous financial year 71,856,376 54,239,757 14,986,525 24,938,709 10,000,000 152,893,325 6,039,787 46,586 34,797,320 -10,990,617 -24,938,709 333,869,060
Opening balance in the financial period 71,856,376 54,239,757 14,986,525 24,938,709 10,000,000 152,893,325 6,039,787 46,586 34,797,320 -10,990,617 -24,938,709 333,869,060
Comprehensive income for the period, net of tax 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2,420,104 49,958 0 52,840,127 0 50,469,981
a) Net profit or loss for the period 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 52,840,127 0 52,840,127
b) Other comprehensive income 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2,420,104 49,958 0 0 0 -2,370,146
Transactions with owners – payouts 0 0 0 0 0 26,420,064 0 0 -13,173,042 -26,420,064 0 -13,173,042
Dividend distributions (accounted) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -13,173,042 0 0 -13,173,042
Allocation of net profit to profit reserve 0 0 0 0 0 26,420,064 0 0 0 -26,420,064 0 0
Movements within equity 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -10,990,617 10,990,617 0 0
Transfer of profit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -10,990,617 10,990,617 0 0
Closing balance in the financial period 71,856,376 54,239,757 14,986,525 24,938,709 10,000,000 179,313,389 3,619,683 96,544 10,633,662 26,420,064 -24,938,709 371,166,000

17 Notes to the financial statements

17.1 Basic details

Reporting company

Sava Re d.d. (hereinafter also the Company) is the parent of the Sava Insurance Group (hereinafter also the Group). The Company was established under the Foundations of the Life and Non-Life Insurance System Act, and was entered in the company register kept by the Ljubljana Basic Court, Ljubljana Unit (now Ljubljana District Court), on 10 December 1990. Its legal predecessor, Pozavarovalna Skupnost Sava, was established in 1977.

The Group transacts reinsurance business (15% of operating revenue), non-life insurance business (58% of operating revenue), life insurance business (23% of operating revenue), pension business and asset management (3% of operating revenue) and other non-insurance business (1% of operating revenue)131.

In 2022, the Group employed on average 2,702 people (2021: 2,700 employees). As at 31 December 2022, the total number of employees on a full-time equivalent basis was 2,704 (31 December 2021: 2,699 employees). Statistics on employees in regular employment by various criteria are given in section 10 "Human resources management".

In the 2022 financial year, the Company employed on average 130 people (2021: 123 employees). As at 31 December 2022, the total number of employees on a full-time equivalent basis was 133 (31 December 2021: 127 employees). Statistics on employees in regular employment by various criteria are given in section 10 "Human resources management".

Business address of the controlling company Dunajska cesta 56, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Name of reporting entity Pozavarovalnica Sava, d.d.
(Sava Reinsurance Company d.d., Sava Re d.d.)
Legal form of entity delniška družba (public limited company)
Domicile of entity Slovenia
Address of entity's registered office Dunajska cesta 56, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Country of incorporation Slovenia
Principal place of business Slovenia
Description of nature of entity's operations and principal activities reinsurance
Name of parent entity Pozavarovalnica Sava, d.d.
(Sava Reinsurance Company d.d., Sava Re d.d.)
Name of ultimate parent of group Pozavarovalnica Sava, d.d.
(Sava Reinsurance Company d.d., Sava Re d.d.)
Explanation of change in name of reporting entity or other means of
identification from end of preceding reporting period
no changes in 2022
Description of nature of financial statements Financial statements of the Sava Insurance Group and
Sava Re d.d. for 2022
Date of end of reporting period 31 December 2022
Period covered by financial statements 1 January 2022 – 31 December 2022
Description of presentation currency euro
Level of rounding used in financial statements rounded to the nearest whole number

Educational profile of employees

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
2022 2021 2022 2021
Primary and lower secondary education 7 5 0 0
Secondary education 1,068 1,088 13 15
Higher education 279 269 4 3
University education 1,210 1,195 97 85
Master's degree and doctorate 141 141 20 24
Total 2,704 2,699 133 127

The bodies of the Company are the general meeting, the supervisory board and the management board.

The largest shareholder of the Company is Slovenian Sovereign Holding, with a 17.7% stake. The ultimate beneficial owner of Slovenian Sovereign Holding is the Republic of Slovenia. The second-largest shareholder is Intercapital securities Ltd. (custodial account) with a 14.7% stake, and the third-largest the Republic of Slovenia, with a 13.9% stake. The table "Ten largest shareholders and the list of holders of qualified holdings pursuant to the Takeovers Act as at 31 December 2022" (section 3 "Shareholders and share trading") is followed by an additional note on the share of voting rights in Sava Re (section 3 "Shareholders and share trading").

It is the responsibility of the Company's management board to prepare the annual report and authorise it for issue to the supervisory board. The audited annual report is then approved by the Company's supervisory board. If the annual report is not approved by the supervisory board, or if the management and supervisory boards leave the decision about its approval (authorisation for issue) to the general meeting of shareholders, the general meeting also decides on the approval (authorisation for issue) of the annual report.

The general meeting has the power to amend the annual report after it has been approved by the Company's management board; however, it must be re-audited by the external auditor within two weeks after its approval by the general meeting.

17.2 Business combinations and overview of Group companies132

The Company did not make any acquisitions or purchases during 2022, but S Estate was successfully divested in the first quarter of 2022. The vehicle inspection company Sava Car (MNE) established the vehicle company Sava Car (SRB) in Serbia in August 2022 to strengthen sales channels, and Ornatus KC was renamed ASISTIM at the end of 2022.

The tables below show individual items of the statement of financial position and the income statement based on the separate financial statements of subsidiaries and associates prepared in accordance with IFRSs, together with the parent company's share of voting rights.

Subsidiaries as at 31 Dec 2022

EUR Activity Country of
incorporation
Assets Liabilities Equity as at
31 Dec 2022
Profit or loss for
2022
Total income Share of voting
rights (%)
Zavarovalnica Sava insurance Slovenia 1,064,779,021 889,133,654 175,645,367 46,525,330 411,690,126 100.00%
Sava Neživotno Osiguranje (SRB) insurance Serbia 41,091,665 30,639,629 10,452,036 1,216,985 24,010,061 100.00%
Illyria insurance Kosovo 23,194,384 17,998,398 5,195,986 1,054,391 14,956,022 100.00%
Sava Osiguruvanje (MKD) insurance North Macedonia 26,520,867 18,677,732 7,843,135 1,636,953 17,909,852 93.86%
Sava Osiguranje (MNE) insurance Montenegro 31,503,111 23,393,454 8,109,657 2,100,234 15,202,534 100.00%
Illyria Life insurance Kosovo 16,191,975 11,714,905 4,477,070 610,116 4,723,248 100.00%
Sava Životno Osiguranje (SRB) insurance Serbia 14,175,624 10,071,672 4,103,952 31,262 6,033,418 100.00%
Sava Car (MNE) technical research and analysis Montenegro 1,902,523 941,191 961,332 188,568 1,053,892 100.00%
ZM Svetovanje consulting and marketing of insurances of
the person
Slovenia 231,930 101,383 130,547 -21,870 932,598 100.00%
Asistim (former Ornatus KC) ZS call centre Slovenia 95,074 50,530 44,544 24,614 517,040 100.00%
Sava Agent insurance agency Montenegro 2,233,523 1,724,474 509,049 139,321 844,453 100.00%
Sava Station technical research and analysis North Macedonia 265,543 39,237 226,306 47,739 290,008 93.86%
Sava Pokojninska pension fund Slovenia 197,209,557 190,385,196 6,824,361 -538,699 6,035,783 100.00%
TBS Team 24 organisation of assistance services and
customer service
Slovenia 4,386,768 3,411,534 975,234 960,992 15,960,076 87.50%
Sava Penzisko Društvo pension fund management North Macedonia 11,645,679 402,603 11,243,076 1,962,201 5,163,225 100.00%
SO Poslovno Savjetovanje d.o.o. business consulting Croatia 4,917,431 8,376 4,909,055 -7,916 7,315 100.00%
Sava Infond fund management activities Slovenia 10,329,677 1,035,018 9,294,659 3,290,258 11,767,575 100.00%
Vita insurance Slovenia 639,797,273 599,811,672 39,985,601 9,260,677 105,676,003 100.00%
Sava Car (SRB) technical research and analysis Serbia 87,338 5,389 81,949 -18,097 20,238 100.00%

Subsidiaries as at 31 Dec 2021

(%)

Equity as at Share of voting rights
EUR Activity Country of incorporation Assets Liabilities 31 Dec 2021 Profit or loss for 2021 Total income (%)
Zavarovalnica Sava insurance Slovenia 1,163,953,793 938,955,403 224,998,390 58,087,630 425,791,464 100.00%
Sava Neživotno Osiguranje (SRB) insurance Serbia 39,319,494 27,093,402 12,226,092 558,440 19,470,508 100.00%
Illyria insurance Kosovo 21,641,407 16,892,677 4,748,730 815,729 11,876,123 100.00%
Sava Osiguruvanje (MKD) insurance North Macedonia 23,962,472 17,603,467 6,359,005 -266,161 14,726,479 93.86%
Sava Osiguranje (MNE) insurance Montenegro 29,118,285 20,416,941 8,701,344 1,741,085 13,400,639 100.00%
Illyria Life insurance Kosovo 14,922,563 9,954,829 4,967,734 354,074 3,680,081 100.00%
Sava Životno Osiguranje (SRB) insurance Serbia 13,157,644 8,597,904 4,559,740 27,312 5,096,806 100.00%
S Estate currently none Kosovo 5,868 0 5,868 -68 0 100.00%
Sava Car technical research and analysis Montenegro 1,750,895 955,224 795,671 55,165 889,070 100.00%
ZS Svetovanje consulting and marketing of insurances of
the person
Slovenia 244,515 99,927 144,588 14,404 999,529 100.00%
Ornatus KC ZS call centre Slovenia 53,510 33,580 19,930 2,606 296,349 100.00%
Sava Agent insurance agency Montenegro 2,279,925 1,902,690 377,235 159,510 827,677 100.00%
Sava Station technical research and analysis North Macedonia 223,914 45,877 178,037 10,524 248,971 93.89%
Sava Pokojninska pension fund Slovenia 196,479,232 187,600,754 8,878,478 616,287 6,826,261 100.00%
TBS Team 24 organisation of assistance services and
customer service
Slovenia 3,633,574 2,735,648 897,926 883,684 12,339,040 87.50%
Sava Penzisko Društvo pension fund management North Macedonia 11,563,934 414,787 11,149,147 1,776,572 4,622,981 100.00%
SO Poslovno Savjetovanje d.o.o. business consulting Croatia 4,936,864 9,824 4,927,040 -28,213 566 100.00%
Sava Infond fund management activities Slovenia 9,905,198 1,465,502 8,439,696 2,957,166 11,004,539 100.00%
Vita insurance Slovenia 703,046,860 615,484,838 87,562,022 7,728,173 112,735,058 100.00%

Overview of companies with non-controlling interests

Sava Osiguruvanje Sava Station TBS Team 24
EUR 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021
Non-controlling interest as % of equity 6.14% 6.14% 6.14% 6.14% 12.50% 12.50%
Proportion of non-controlling interest voting rights, in % 0.915% 0.915% 0.915% 0.915% 12.50% 12.50%
Statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income
Income 17,909,852 14,726,479 290,008 248,971 15,960,076 12,339,040
Net profit for the year 1,636,953 -266,161 47,739 10,524 960,992 883,684
- Of non-controlling interest 100,456 -16,334 2,930 646 120,124 110,461
Other comprehensive income -150,114 -24,060 1,014 -947 74 -6
- Of non-controlling interest -9,212 -1,477 62 -58 9 -1
Total comprehensive income 1,486,839 -290,221 48,753 9,577 961,066 883,678
- Of non-controlling interest 91,244 -17,810 2,992 588 120,133 110,460
Dividends to non-controlling interests 0 0 0 0 110,460 67,265
Statement of financial position
Assets 26,520,867 23,962,472 265,543 223,914 4,386,768 3,633,574
Liabilities 18,677,732 17,603,467 39,237 45,877 3,411,534 2,735,648
Shareholders' equity 7,843,135 6,359,005 226,306 178,037 975,234 897,926

17.3 Consolidation principles

The parent company prepared both separate and consolidated financial statements as at 31 December 2022.

The consolidated financial statements include Sava Re as the parent and all its subsidiaries, i.e. companies in which Sava Re holds, directly or indirectly, more than half of the voting rights and has the power to control their financial and operating policies so as to obtain benefits from their activities.

The consolidated financial statements of the Sava Insurance Group include all companies directly or indirectly controlled by Sava Re, which controls a company if and only if it has all the following elements:

  • power over the company (directs the relevant activities that significantly affect the company's returns),
  • exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the company, and
  • the ability to use its power over the company to affect the amount of its returns.

• The Group's consolidated financial statements also include associate companies in which the members of the Sava Insurance Group (parent and subsidiaries) hold, directly or indirectly, between 20% and 50% of all voting rights. If they hold less than 20%, they can still have significant influence, provided such influence can be demonstrated.

All subsidiaries in the Sava Insurance Group are fully consolidated. The Group does not apply the exemption to exclude any of its companies from full consolidation. Interests in associates and joint ventures are accounted for in the consolidated financial statements using the equity method.

The financial year of the Group is the same as the calendar year.

Subsidiaries are fully consolidated as of the date of obtaining control and are deconsolidated as of the date that such control is lost.

Subsidiaries that manage pension (except Slovenia-based Sava Pokojninska Družba) funds and management companies that manage the funds' assets are consolidated without the funds as under law such fund assets are separate from the assets of the company that manages them. Accordingly, these funds are not included in the consolidated financial statements.

Goodwill is measured as the excess of the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree, and the fair value of the acquirer's previously held equity interest in the acquiree (if any) over the net of the acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. Subsequently, goodwill is measured at cost less any impairment losses. The non-controlling interest is measured at the current proportionate share of the equity interests in the acquiree's recognised net assets.

When acquiring a non-controlling interest in a subsidiary (when the Group already holds a controlling interest), the carrying amounts of the controlling and non-controlling interests are adjusted to reflect the changes in their relative interests in the subsidiary. The Group recognises any difference between the amount by which the non-controlling interests are adjusted, and the fair value of the consideration paid directly in equity, and attributes it to the owners of the parent. The difference between cost and the carrying amount of the non-controlling interest is accounted for in equity under capital reserves.

Profits earned and losses made by subsidiaries are included in the Group's income statement. Intra-Group transactions (receivables and liabilities, expenses and income between the consolidated companies) have been eliminated.

All companies within the Group apply uniform accounting policies. If the accounting policies of a subsidiary differ from the accounting policies applied by the Group, appropriate adjustments are made to the financial statements of such subsidiary prior to the compilation of the consolidated financial statements to ensure compliance with the accounting policies of the Group.

SO
ers
ar-
d
) %,

17.4 Significant accounting policies

Significant accounting policies applied in the preparation of the consolidated and separate financial statements are set out below. In 2022, the Group applied the same accounting policies as in 2021. As for the implementation of IFRS 9, the Group applied the temporary exemption until the adoption of IFRS 17 "Insurance contracts". For more information, see section 17.5 Standards and interpretations issued but not yet effective, and new standards and interpretations.

17.4.1 Statement of compliance

The consolidated and separate financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), and interpretations of the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC), as adopted by the European Union. They have also been prepared in accordance with applicable Slovenian legislation (the Companies Act, ZGD-1). The "Sava Insurance Group financial control rules" lay down accounting policies that must be followed by subsidiaries when reporting for consolidation purposes. The "Rules on accounting and accounting policies of Sava Re d.d." set down in detail the accounting policies of the Company.

Interested parties can obtain information on the financial condition and results of operations of the Sava Insurance Group by consulting the annual report. Annual reports are available on Sava Re's website and at its registered office.

In selecting and applying accounting policies, as well as in preparing the financial statements, the management board of the parent company aims at providing understandable, relevant, reliable and comparable accounting information.

The financial statements have been prepared based on the going-concern assumption.

The Company's management board approved the audited financial statements on 15 March 2023.

17.4.2 Measurement basis

The financial statements have been prepared on the historic cost basis, except for financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss, and available-for-sale financial assets, which are measured at fair value. Assets of policyholders who bear the investment risk are also measured at fair value.

17.4.3 Presentation currency, translation of transactions and items

The financial statements are presented in euros (EUR) without cents. For ease of presentation, figures in the notes to the financial statements are rounded to the nearest million. The euro is the functional and presentation currency of Sava Re. The financial statements of the subsidiaries that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into euros as described below. Rounding of values may result in insignificant differences in the table totals.

Assets and liabilities as at 31 December 2022 denominated in foreign currencies have been translated into euros using the mid-rates of the European Central Bank's reference rate list (hereinafter: "ECB") as at 31 December 2022, as published by the Bank of Slovenia. Amounts in the income statements have been translated using the average exchange rate. As at 31 December 2021 and 31 December 2022, they were translated using the then applicable mid-rates of the ECB. Foreign exchange differences arising on settlement of transactions and on translation of monetary assets and liabilities are recognised in the income statement. Exchange rate differences associated with non-monetary items, such as equity securities carried at fair value through profit or loss, are also recognised in the income statement, while exchange rate differences associated with equity securities classified as available for sale are recognised in the fair value reserve. Since equity items in the statement of financial position as at 31 December 2022 are translated using the exchange rates of the ECB on that day and since interim movements are translated using the average exchange rates of the ECB, any differences arising therefrom are disclosed in the equity item translation reserve.

In the consolidated financial statements, exchange rate differences resulting from the translation of a net investment in a foreign subsidiary are recognised in the equity item translation reserve.

17.4.4 Use of major accounting estimates, sources of uncertainty

Assumptions and other sources of uncertainty relate to estimates that require management to make complex, subjective and comprehensive judgements. Areas that involve significant management judgement are presented below.

  • The need for impairment of goodwill is assessed using the accounting policy under section 17.4.7 "Goodwill" and note 17.8.1.
  • The determination of the fair value of land and buildings for the purpose of impairment testing is disclosed in section 17.4.8.
  • The determination of the fair value of investment property for the purpose of impairment testing is disclosed in section 17.4.12, and the fair value of investment property is disclosed in section 17.4.21.
  • Criteria for impairment of investments in subsidiaries and associates are determined using the accounting policy under section 17.4.13 "Financial investments in subsidiaries and associates" and under note 17.8.6.
  • Deferred tax assets are recognised if Group entities plan to realise a profit in their medium-term projections. For details, see section 17.4.11 "Deferred tax assets and liabilities" and note 17.8.4.
  • Receivables are impaired based on the accounting policy set out in section 17.4.17 "Receivables". Any recognised impairment loss is shown in note 17.8.11.
  • Financial investments, investment contract assets and assets held for the benefit of policyholders who bear the investment risk: Classification, recognition, measurement and derecognition, investment impairment and fair value measurement, are made based on the accounting policy set out in section 17.4.14 "Financial investments and assets held for the benefit of policyholders who bear the investment risk". Movement in investments and their classification are shown in note 17.8.7, whereas the associated income and expenses, and impairment losses are shown in note 17.8.31.
  • The valuation of non-current assets held for sale is set out in section 17.4.10.
  • Technical provisions calculation and liability adequacy tests pertaining to insurance contracts are shown in sections 17.4.24–26. Movement in these provisions is shown in note 17.8.24.
  • Estimates are used for recognising technical items because reinsurance accounts relating to accepted reinsurance business are not received in time. Estimates relate to amounts in reinsurance contracts, which, according to contractual due dates, have already accrued, although the Company has yet to receive reinsurance accounts. These items include: premiums, claims, commissions, unearned premiums, claims provisions and deferred commissions. The basis for these estimates are expected ultimate premiums and expected underwriting combined ratios (excluding internal expenses) for each accepted reinsurance contract, which are set at inception

based on information gathered in renewal packs and then revised quarterly based on experience. Taking into account the inception of underlying business, premiums are estimated as the difference between expected accrued premiums and premiums booked based on accounts received. Commissions are estimated on the basis of estimated premiums using the respective commission rate. Unearned premiums and deferred commissions are estimated on the basis of their respective earning patterns. Incurred claims are estimated by targeting respective expected underwriting combined ratios.

17.4.5 Cash flow statement

The cash flow statement has been prepared using the indirect method. The cash flow statement has been prepared as the sum of all cash flows of all Group companies less any intra-Group cash flows. Cash flows from operating activities have been prepared based on data from the 2021 statement of financial position and income statement, with appropriate adjustments for items that do not constitute cash flows. Cash flows from financing and investing activities are shown based on actual receipts and disbursements. Items relating to changes in net current assets are shown net.

17.4.6 Intangible assets

Intangible assets, except goodwill, are stated at cost, including any expenses directly attributable to preparing them for their intended use, less accumulated amortisation and any impairment losses. Amortisation is calculated for each item separately, on a straight-line basis, except for goodwill, which is not amortised. Intangible assets are first amortised upon their availability for use.

Intangible assets include computer software, licences pertaining to computer software (with useful life assumed to be five years). In case of recognition of a specific intangible asset with a longer useful life (customer list or contractual customer relationships), the useful life is defined in a separate valuation report.

Intangible assets are tested for impairment at least annually. If there is any indication of impairment, the recoverable amount of the intangible asset is reviewed. The recoverable amount is the net value in use estimated using future cash flows. The value in use is generally determined in a separate valuation report.

If the recoverable amount exceeds or is equal to the carrying amount, the asset is not impaired. An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount.

Intangible assets also include deferred policy acquisition costs. The accounting policy is set out in section 17.4.18, disclosures are presented in section 17.8.12.

Goodwill arises on the acquisition of subsidiaries. In acquisitions, goodwill relates to the excess of the cost of the business combination over the acquirer's interest in the fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of the acquired company. If the excess is negative (negative goodwill), it is recognised directly in the income statement. The recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit so calculated is compared against its carrying amount, including goodwill belonging to such unit. The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and value in use.

Method of calculating value in use

Value in use for each cash-generating unit is calculated using the discounted cash flow method (DCF method). The budget projections of the CGUs and the estimate of the long-term results achievable are used as a starting point. Value in use is determined by reference to free cash flows discounted at an appropriate discount rate.

  • (source: Bloomberg).
  • The equity risk premium has been taken from the publication of KPMG "Equity market risk premium," Research Summary, December 2022.
  • Tax rates included in the discount rate calculation are the applicable tax rates in individual countries where companies operate.
  • Beta for individual industries has been calculated with reference to comparable companies of the same industry of MSCI Small Cap Europe (source: Bloomberg).
  • The country risk premiums have been calculated as the difference between the yield to maturity of German long-term government bonds and a comparable local bond issued (source: Bloomberg).
  • Size premium: CRSP Deciles Study, Duff & Phelps, December 2021.

The discount rate is determined as the cost of equity (COE), using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). It is based on the interest rate on risk-free securities, equity premium, and insurance business prospects applying the beta factor. Added is a country risk premium and a size premium. The elements of the discount rate have been taken from: • The risk-free rate of return is based on the yield to maturity of 30-year German government bonds The bases for the testing of value in use are prepared in several phases: In phase one, the Company prepares five-year projections of performance results for each company as part of the regular planning process unified Group-wide. These strategic plans are approved by the parent company and confirmed by the relevant governance body. For insurance, pension and mutual fund management companies, it is additionally assessed whether the capital required for an insurance company to operate under local regulations would be fully engaged.

Premium growth and profitability was planned for foreign insurance companies in five-year projections in view of the low insurance penetration rates. Insurance penetration is expected to increase markedly due to the expected convergence of their countries' macroeconomic indicators towards levels common in western European countries. Western Balkan markets, which have a relatively low penetration rate, are expected to see a faster growth in gross premiums than in expected GDP.

The profitability of pension companies is expected to grow, driven by increased contributions to pension funds as the result of demographic trends and at relatively fixed operating costs.

To estimate the residual value used in the calculation of the estimated value of equity, the calculation considers normalised cash flow in the last year of the forecast made using the Gordon growth model. Subsidiaries have been valued using a long-term growth rate (g) ranging from 2.5–4% to calculate the residual value. For Slovenia-based companies, this growth rate is based on an average risk-free rate of return of 2.5%; for other markets, it is 4% and is based on the expected long-term industry growth.

A cash-generating unit consists of an individual company. Movement in goodwill is discussed in detail in section 17.8.1.

Goodwill of associate companies is included in their respective carrying amount. Any impairment losses on their goodwill are treated as impairment losses on investments in associate companies.

Section 17.8.1 sets out the main assumptions for cash flow projections with a calculation of value in use.

17.4.8 Property, plant and equipment

Items of property, plant and equipment are initially recognised at cost, including cost directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset. Subsequently, the cost model is applied: assets are carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation and any impairment losses.

Items of property, plant and equipment are first depreciated upon their availability for use. Depreciation is calculated for each item separately, on a straight-line basis. Depreciation rates are determined so as to allow the cost of property, plant and equipment assets to be allocated over their estimated useful lives.

An assessment is made annually to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, an estimate of the recoverable amount of the asset is made. The recoverable amount is the higher of the value in use and fair value less costs to sell. If the recoverable amount exceeds or is equal to the carrying

amount, the asset is not impaired. Value in use is as-

sessed in terms of a cash-generating unit, with a company as a whole constituting a cash-generating unit. Gains and losses on the disposal of items of property, plant and equipment, calculated as the difference between sales proceeds and carrying amounts, are included in profit or loss. The costs of property, plant and equipment maintenance and repairs are recognised in profit or loss as incurred.

The cost of major repairs and replacement of part of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in the carrying amount of the asset, if it is probable that future economic benefits embodied within the part will flow to the Group and its cost can be measured reliably. Replaced parts are derecognised.

Investments in property, plant and equipment assets that increase future economic benefits are recognised in their carrying amount.

Depreciation rates of property, plant and equipment assets

Depreciation group Rate
Land 0.0%
Buildings 1.3–2.0%
Transportation means 15.5–20.0%
Computer equipment 33.33%
Office and other furniture 10.0–12.5%
Other equipment 6.7–20.0%

17.4.9 Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities

At inception of a contract, an assessment is made whether the contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

The Group reassesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease only if the terms and conditions of the contract are changed.

At the commencement date of the lease, an asset acquired under a lease is recognised as a right-of-use asset and a lease liability. Short-term leases (of up to 12 months) and low-value leases (the cost of an asset is less than EUR 5000) are exempt from recognition as right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. Short-term and low-value leases are treated by the Group companies as lease expenses, which are recognised in the income statement and classified within operating activities in the cash flow statement.

Right-of-use assets are measured applying a cost model. On initial recognition at the commencement date of the lease, the cost of a right-of-use asset comprises the amount of the initial measurement of the lease liability, any lease payments made at or before the commencement date of the lease, any initial direct costs incurred by the lessee, and an estimate of the costs to be incurred by the lessee in dismantling and removing

the underlying asset. On subsequent measurement, the initial cost of a right-of-use asset is reduced by any accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses and adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liability.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis. If, by the end of the lease term, the lease transfers the ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee, or if the value of the right-of-use asset reflects that the lessee will exercise a purchase option, the lessee depreciates the right-of-use asset from the commencement date until the end of the useful life of the underlying asset. Otherwise, the lessee depreciates the right-of-use asset from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-ofuse asset or the end of the lease term.

At the commencement date, the Group measures the lease liability at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at that date. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if that rate can be readily determined. If that rate cannot be readily determined, the lessee uses the lessee's incremental borrowing rate. After initial recognition, the lease liability is measured by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability and by reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made. Right-of-use assets and lease liability are recognised net of taxes.

The lessee's incremental borrowing rate is the rate of interest that a lessee would have to pay to borrow over a similar term, and with a similar security, the funds necessary to obtain an asset of a similar value to the right-of-use asset in a similar economic environment.

The lease term is the non-cancellable period for which a lessee has the right to use an underlying asset. The lease term includes periods covered by an option to extend the lease, if the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise that option, and periods covered by an option to terminate the lease, if the lessee is reasonably certain not to exercise that option.

For leases of indefinite duration and leases with an extension option, the lease term is either contractually fixed or estimated based on the Group's past experience and strategic priorities.

Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are presented as two separate line items in the statement of financial position. In the income statement, the depreciation charge is a component of operating expenses or expenses, whereas interest expense is a component of finance costs. In the statement of cash flows, cash payments for the principal portion of the lease liability are classified within financing activities, and cash payments for the interest portion within operating activities.

A lease modification is deemed a separate lease only if it involves the addition of the right to use one or more underlying assets at a price that would apply if the additional asset were leased on a stand-alone basis. If a modification is not a separate lease, the accounting treatment is to reflect the fact that there is a connection between the original lease and the modified lease. The existing liability is remeasured by taking into account the new level of the consideration for the lease, when the new asset is added, the total consideration is spread evenly over all the related underlying assets, taking into account the new lease term, and remeasuring the lease liability using the new discount rate in effect at the time of the modification.

On the other side, an adjustment is made to the rightof-use asset based on the difference between the remeasured liability and the liability before the modification. If the carrying amount of the latter is zero and there is a further reduction in the measurement of the lease liability, any remaining amount of the remeasurement is recognised in profit or loss.

17.4.10 Non-current assets held for sale

A non-current asset is classified as held for sale if its carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. For this to be the case, its sale must be highly probable, and it must be available for immediate sale in its present condition. There must be a commitment to sell the asset and the sale should be completed within one year. Such assets are measured at the lower of the assets' carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell . Intangible assets are tested for impairment at least annually. If there is any indication of impairment, the recoverable amount of the intangible asset is reviewed.

17.4.11 Deferred tax assets and liabilities

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are amounts of income taxes expected to be recoverable or payable, respectively, in future periods depending on taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are differences between the carrying amount of an asset or liability in the statement of financial position and its tax base.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are established for temporary non-deductible impairments of portfolio investments. Deferred tax assets are additionally established for impairment losses on receivables, unused tax losses and for provisions for employees.

Deferred tax liabilities arise from catastrophe equalisation reserves transferred from technical provisions to profit reserves (as at 1 January 2007), which were tax-deductible when set aside (prior to 1 January 2007), and from fair value adjustments and newly recognised intangible assets (customer lists or contractual customer relationships) on acquisition of a new company.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are established also for the part of value adjustments recorded under fair value reserve. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are also accounted for actuarial gains or losses arising on the calculation of provisions for severance pay upon retirement. This is because actuarial gains and losses, and the related deferred tax assets or liabilities, affect the statement of other comprehensive income.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities of a Group company are offset only if they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the company has a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities. The Group does not offset deferred tax assets against deferred tax liabilities in its consolidated financial statements.

A deferred tax asset is recognised for unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences can be utilised.

17.4.12 Investment property

Investment property comprises assets not used directly for carrying out business activities but held to earn rent or to realise capital gains at disposal. Investment property is accounted for using the cost model and straight-line depreciation. Investment property is depreciated at the rate of 1.3–2.0%. The basis for calculating the depreciation rate is the estimated useful life. All leases where the Group companies act as lessors are cancellable operating leases. Lease payments (rentals) received are recognised as income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. A cash-generating unit consists of an individual property. An assessment is made annually as to whether there is an indication of impairment of investment property. If any such indication exists, an estimate of the recoverable amount of the asset is made. The recoverable amount is the higher of the value in use and the net selling price less costs to sell. If the recoverable amount exceeds or is equal to the carrying amount, the asset is not impaired.

17.4.13 Financial investments in subsidiaries and associates

Investments in subsidiaries are measured at cost, less any impairment losses. Subsidiaries are entities in which the Company holds more than 50% of voting rights and which the Company controls, i.e. has the power to control their financial and operating policies so as to obtain benefits from their activities. Subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements using the full consolidation method.

Associates are entities in which the Company holds between 20% and 50% of voting rights or over which the Company has significant influence. Associates are accounted for using the equity method.

Impairment

Impairment testing in Group companies and associates is carried out at least on an annual basis. Pursuant to IAS 36, the controlling company, when reviewing whether there are indications that an asset may be impaired, considers external (changes in market or legal environment, interest rates, elements of the discount rate, capitalisation) as well as internal sources of information (business volume, manner of use of asset, actual versus budgeted performance results, decline in expected cash flows and such like).

If impairment is necessary, an impairment test is carried out for each individual investment by calculating the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit based on the value in use. Cash flow projections used in these calculations are based on the business plans approved by the management for the period until and including 2027. The discount rate used is based on market rates adjusted to reflect company-specific risks. The recoverable amount of each cash-generating unit so calculated was compared to its carrying amount.

Main assumptions for cash flow projections with calculations of value in use

Discounted cash flow projections are based on the Group companies' business plans covering a 5-year period (strategic business plans for individual companies for the period 2023–2027).

Growth in premiums earned by insurance companies reflects the growth expected in their insurance markets, as well as the characteristics of their portfolios (a small share of non-motor business). In all their markets, insurance penetration is relatively low. However, insurance penetration is expected to increase due to the expected convergence of their countries' macroeconomic indicators towards EU levels. Social inflation is also expected to rise, i.e. claims made against insurance companies are expected to become more frequent and

higher. Costs are expected to lag slightly behind premiums owing to expected business process optimisation in subsidiaries. Business process optimisation will thus contribute to the growth in net profits.

Growth in pension companies' revenues is due to increased contributions to pension funds as a result of demographic trends, at relatively fixed operating costs, which may lead to greater profitability.

The discount rate is determined as the cost of equity (COE), using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). It is based on the risk-free interest rate and equity premium, as well as prospects for the relevant business. Added is a country risk premium and a size premium.

Assessments as to whether there is any indication of impairment of investments in subsidiaries are made using the same model as for goodwill. For more information on the assumptions, see section 17.4.7 "Goodwill" of the financial statements with notes.

17.4.14 Financial investments and assets held for the benefit of policyholders who bear the investment risk

17.4.14.1 Classification

Financial assets are classified into the following categories:

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

Financial assets held for trading comprise instruments that have been acquired exclusively for the purpose of trading, i.e. realising gains in the short term. Financial assets designated as at fair value through profit or loss comprise subordinated financial assets, primarily because they provide the issuer with the option of early redemption, and assets held for the benefit of policyholders who bear the investment risk

Held-to-maturity financial assets

Held-to-maturity financial assets are assets with fixed or determinable payments and fixed maturities that the Group companies have the intention and ability to hold to maturity. These are non-derivative financial assets quoted in an active market.

Loans and receivables (deposits)

This category includes loans and bank deposits with fixed or determinable payments that are not traded in any active market, and deposits with cedants. Under

some reinsurance contracts, part of the reinsurance premiums is retained by cedants as guarantee for payment of future claims, and generally released after one year. These deposits bear contractually agreed interest.

Available-for-sale financial assets

Available-for-sale financial assets are assets that are intended to be held for an indefinite period and are not classified as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, as held to maturity financial assets, or loans and receivables (deposits).

17.4.14.2 Recognition, measurement and derecognition

Available-for-sale financial assets, held-to-maturity financial assets, and loans and receivables are initially measured at fair value plus any transaction costs. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are initially measured at fair value, with any transaction costs recognised as investment expenses.

Acquisitions and disposals of securities, loans and de-

posits are recognised on the trade date. Gains and losses arising from fair value revaluation of financial assets available for sale are recognised in the statement of other comprehensive income and transferred to the income statement upon disposal or impairment. Gains and losses arising from fair value revaluation of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are recognised directly in the income statement.

Financial assets are derecognised when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial assets expire or when the assets are transferred, and the transfer qualifies for derecognition in accordance with IAS 39.

Loans and receivables (deposits) and held-to-maturity financial assets are measured at amortised cost.

17.4.14.3 Determination of fair values

All financial instruments are measured at fair value, except for deposits, shares not quoted in any regulated market that constitute the non-material portion of the investment portfolio, loans (assuming that their carrying amount is a reasonable approximation of fair value) and financial instruments held to maturity, which are measured at amortised cost. The fair value of investment property, and land and buildings used in business operations and the fair value of financial instruments measured at amortised cost are set out in note 17.8.28. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either (i) in the principal market for the asset or liability, or (ii) in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible to the Group. The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest. A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use. Valuation techniques are used that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data is available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs. On the valuation date, the fair value of a financial investment is established by determining the price in the principal market based on: • for stock exchanges: the quoted closing price on the

  • stock exchange on the measurement date or on the last day of operation of the exchange on which the investment is quoted;
  • for the OTC market: the quoted CBBT closing bid price or, if unavailable, the Bloomberg BVAL bid price, where the price must not be older than 15 days;
  • the price calculated based on an internal valuation model or yield curve valuation.

For the valuation the Company uses the closing price on the stock exchange or the published CBBT bid price for debt investments (according to the defined Bloomberg methodology) as the unadjusted quoted price, while the BVAL bid price calculated on the basis of the internal valuation model or the yield curve valuation do not represent unadjusted quoted prices.

The BID BVAL price (based on the defined Bloomberg methodology) represents a price that is not quoted, but calculated based on directly and indirectly observable market inputs. When calculating the price using a valuation model, the company shall first use the directly and indirectly observable market inputs. If these are not available, the company shall determine the price of a financial investment using a model with unobservable inputs, as defined from IFRS 13.86 to IFRS 13.90.

The BVAL score is the basis for assessing the quality of the BVAL price, with a higher score indicating a better price quality in the market.

Assets and liabilities measured or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements are measured and presented in accordance with the IFRS 13 fair-value hierarchy that categorises the inputs of valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels.

Assets and liabilities are classified in accordance with IFRS 13 based primarily on the availability of market information, which is determined by the relative levels of trading identical or similar instruments in the market, with a focus on information that represents actual market activity or binding quotations of brokers or dealers.

Investments measured or disclosed at fair value are presented in accordance with the levels of fair value under IFRS 13, which categorises the inputs used to measure fair value into the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy:

  • Level 1: financial investments for which fair value is determined based on quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical financial assets that the Company can access at the measurement date. This level includes the prices of debt assets with CBBT prices and those BVAL prices that have a calculated BVAL score of 8 or higher, with 10 or more direct observations.
  • Level 2: financial investments whose fair value is determined using inputs that are directly or indirectly observable, other than the quoted prices included within Level 1. Unobservable market inputs have no significant impact on the valuation. Pursuant to IFRS 13.82, level 2 inputs may include:
  • quoted prices for similar financial investments in markets that are not active,
  • quoted prices for identical or similar financial investments in markets that are not active,
  • inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for financial investments,
  • market-corroborated inputs.
  • This level thus includes BVAL prices of debt investments with a calculated BVAL score of 8 or higher but with 9 or fewer direct observations and BVAL prices with a calculated BVAL score of 7 or lower.
  • Level 3: financial investments for which observable market inputs are not available. Fair value is thus determined based on valuation techniques using inputs that are not directly or indirectly observable in the market. This level includes BVAL prices of debt investments with a BVAL score of 5 or lower. Unobservable market inputs may have a significant impact on the valuation.

The company classifies as level-3 investments its investments in alternative funds, such as real-estate funds, infrastructure funds, private debt funds, private equity funds and similar. There are no market prices available for such investments; therefore, valuation based on available market data is not possible.

In accordance with IFRS 13.97, the Company also classifies within the fair value hierarchy all financial investments that are not measured at fair value in the statement of financial position but for which the Company discloses fair value (loans granted, deposits, deposits with cedants) and for which the Company assumes that their carrying amount is a reasonable approximation of fair value (in accordance with IFRS 7.29).

The policy of determining when transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are deemed to have occurred is disclosed and fully complied with. Policy on the timing of recognising transfers is the same for transfers into the levels as that for transfers out of the levels. Examples of policies include: (a) the date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer; (b) the beginning of the reporting period; (c) the end of the reporting period. The Company reviews quarterly the categorisation of investments into the three levels of the fair value hierarchy. To this end, it applies the rules for determining the fair value set out under note 17.8.28. If the categorisation conditions change, financial investments are reclassified into the relevant level.

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17.4.14.4 Impairment losses on investments

A financial asset other than at fair value through profit or loss is impaired and an impairment loss incurred only if there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of events that occurred after the initial recognition of the asset and if such events have an impact on future cash flows that can be reliably estimated. An assessment is made quarterly as to whether there is any objective evidence that a financial asset is impaired (when preparing interim and annual reports).

17.4.14.4.1 Debt securities

Investments in debt securities (other than investments in debt securities at fair value through profit or loss) are impaired when any of the following conditions are met:

  • the issuer fails to make a coupon or principal payment, and/or it is likely that such liabilities will not be settled in full in accordance with the assessment of circumstances on the reporting date;
  • the issuer is subject to a bankruptcy, liquidation or compulsory settlement procedure.

If the first condition above is met, an impairment loss is recognised in the income statement in the amount of the difference between market value and the amortised cost of such debt cost of such debt securities.

If the second condition above is met, an impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss as the difference between the potential payment out of the bankruptcy or liquidation estate and the cost of the investment. The potential payment out of the bankruptcy or liquidation estate is estimated based on information concerning the bankruptcy, liquidation or compulsory settlement proceedings, or, if such information is not available, based on experience or estimates made by a credit rating or other financial institution.

In respect of debt securities, only impairment losses recognised pursuant to indent one above (first condition) may be reversed. An impairment loss is reversed when the issuer's liability is settled. Impairment losses are reversed through profit or loss.

17.4.14.4.2 Equity securities

Quoted shares and mutual fund investments

Equity investments (other than equity investments at fair value through profit or loss) are impaired when any of the following conditions are met:

  • their market price is significantly below cost;
  • the market price of any share is below its cost continuously for 1 year or continuously for 3 years in the case of mutual funds;
  • the model based on which the Group assesses the need for impairment of unquoted securities indicates that the asset needs to be impaired.

Unquoted shares

Unquoted portfolio shares include shares not quoted in any regulated securities market and shares for which the Group can demonstrate that they do not have an active market and that the company carries at cost with regular impairment testing.

The cost model is used if an investment is considered non-material, either in relation to the issuer (share of equity) or in relation to the portfolio of the holder (share of the investment portfolio).

At the reporting date, it must be determined whether the purchase price paid for a share still represents its fair value (unless the relevant investment is considered non-material). If the established fair value of an unquoted security is less than its cost, an impairment loss is recognised. A company may use a valuation made by a business appraiser in order to verify the model and test for impairment.

An impairment loss is recognised in the amount of the difference between market value and cost of financial assets.

17.4.14.4.3 Investments in unlisted alternative funds

Alternative funds during the investment phase typically experience a J-curve effect. During this phase the fund incurs high management expenses and expenses related to the acquisition of investments, which may result in the fund value falling below the value of contributions. By adding investments, the size of the fund increases, while the share of expenses relative to the fund's total value decreases. The value of the fund gradually rises towards the value of contributions and then moves depending on the profitability of investments. As long as the alternative fund is in the investment phase and shows a drop in its fair value due to the described J curve effect, the fund is valued through the fair value reserve. As soon as the alternative fund is past the investment phase, the need for impairment is assessed as indicated in the following paragraph.

Investments in alternative funds beyond the investment phase are impaired when, as at the statement of financial position date:

  • the value of the investment in an alternative fund is significantly below cost, or
  • the market value of the investment in an individual alternative fund is below cost continuously for 5 years.

An impairment loss, being the difference between the fund value quoted by the manager of the alternative fund and the cost of the investment in the alternative fund, is recognised in profit or loss.

17.4.15 Reinsurers' share of technical provisions

The amount of the reinsurers' share of technical provisions represents the part of gross technical provisions and unearned premiums for transactions that the Group cedes to reinsurers and co-insurers outside the Sava Insurance Group. The amount is determined at the close of each accounting period in accordance with the provisions of co-insurance and reinsurance (retrocession) contracts and in line with movements in the portfolio, based on gross technical provisions for the business that is the subject of these contracts.

Assets are tested for impairment on the reporting date. Assets ceded to individual partners are tested individually. The impact of the reinsurance programme on risk is described in section 17.7.3.1 "Non-life underwriting risk".

17.4.16 Investment contract assets and liabilities

Contracts of homogeneous groups are classified as investment contracts if they bear significant financial risk and are accounted for in accordance with IAS 39. Investment contract assets and liabilities only include the investment contract assets and liabilities of the company Sava Pokojninska, which manages pension funds. Investment contract assets comprise the assets supporting the liability funds "My Life-Cycle Funds" for the transaction of voluntary supplementary pension business. Valuation is described in section 17.4.14 "Financial investments and assets held for the benefit of policyholders who bear the investment risk". Classification and valuation of assets is presented in detail in note 17.8.10. Investment contract liabilities are liabilities arising out of pension insurance business under group and individual plans for voluntary supplementary pension insurance, for which the administrator maintains personal accounts for pension plan members. These are liabilities relating to the voluntary supplementary pension life liability fund for premiums paid, guaranteed returns and additional liabilities to cover the difference between the actual return and the guaranteed return. Investment contract liabilities are presented in note17.8.10.

Sava Pokojninska initially recognises investment property assets in respect of pension fund business under investment contract assets using the cost model, plus any transaction costs. The following measurements are made using the fair value model due to regulatory requirements and the fact that these are pension fund assets. Appraisals are carried out at least once every three years by certified real estate appraisers licensed by the Slovenian Institute of Auditors. The amounts of investment property in investment contract assets are not adjusted for consolidation purposes.

17.4.17 Receivables

Receivables consist mainly of premium receivables due from policyholders or insurers as well as receivables for claims and commissions due from reinsurers.

17.4.17.1 Recognition of receivables

Receivables are initially recognised based on policies issued, invoices or other authentic documents (e.g. confirmed reinsurance or co-insurance accounts). In financial statements, receivables are reported in net amounts, i.e. net of any allowances made.

Receivables arising out of reinsurance business are recognised when inwards premiums or claims and commissions relating to retrocession business are invoiced to cedants or reinsurers, respectively. For existing reinsurance contracts for which no confirmed invoices have been received from cedants or reinsurers, receivables are recognised in line with policies outlined in sections 17.4.31 "Net premiums earned" and 17.4.32 "Net claims incurred". Receivables of the parent company arising out of reinsurance contracts have not been specifically secured.

Recourse receivables are recognised as assets provided that, on the basis of a recourse claim, an appropriate legal basis exists (a final order of attachment, a written agreement with or payments by the policyholder or debtor, or subrogation for credit risk insurance). In case of subrogation, recourse receivables are recognised only after the debtor's existence has been verified and the debtor is contactable. Recognition of principal amounts to which recourse receivables relate decreases claims paid. Group companies recognise impairment losses on recourse receivables based on past experience. Recourse receivables are tested for impairment on a case-by-case basis.

The Group companies have pledged no receivables as security.

17.4.17.2 Impairment of receivables

Receivables are classified into groups with similar credit risk in order to be assessed in terms of recoverability or impairment. All material items of receivables are subject to this assessment.

An allowance is created for receivables expected not to be collectible in full or in part. Such receivables are recognised as doubtful. If the Company recognises receivables from and liabilities to the same entity, receivables are subject to impairment even if older than one year.

In case of litigation, such receivables are recognised as disputable; allowances are established for such receivables and charged against operating expenses from revaluation.

In addition to age, the method of accounting for allowances takes into account the phase of the collection procedure, historical data on the percentage of writeoffs made and the ratio of recoverability. Assumptions are reviewed at least annually.

17.4.17.3 Receivables write-offs

Write-offs of receivables require appropriate supporting documents, such as a court decision, bankruptcy order or other document evidencing that the company has lost its legal title, or in cases where it is evident that collection is not meaningful due to excessive costs of the proceedings.

17.4.18 Deferred acquisition costs

Acquisition costs that are deferred include that part of operating expenses directly associated with policy underwriting.

Deferred acquisition costs consist primarily of deferred commissions. These are invoiced commissions relating to the next financial year and are recognised based on (re)insurance accounts and estimated amounts obtained using estimated commissions taking into account straight-line amortisation.

17.4.19 Other assets

Other assets consist of capitalised short-term accruals and deferrals, namely short-term deferred costs.

17.4.20 Cash and cash equivalents

The statement of financial position and cash flow item "cash and cash equivalents" comprises:

  • cash, including cash in hand, cash in bank accounts of commercial banks and other financial institutions, and overnight deposits, and
  • cash equivalents, including demand deposits and deposits with an original maturity of up to three months.

17.4.21 Fair values of assets

Determination of fair values

Asset class / principal market Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Debt securities
OTC market Debt securities measured based on CBBT prices in an active market.
Debt securities measured at the BVAL price if the CBBT price is unavailable.
Debt securities measured using an internal model based on level 2 inputs.
Stock exchange Debt securities measured based on stock exchange prices in an active market. Debt securities measured based on stock exchange prices in an inactive
market.
2 inputs.
Debt securities measured at the BVAL price when the stock exchange price is
unavailable.
Debt securities measured using an internal model based on level 2 inputs.
Shares
Stock exchange Shares measured based on stock exchange prices in an active market. Shares measured based on stock exchange prices in an inactive market.
internal model based on level 2 inputs.
Unquoted shares and participating interests
Asset class / principal market Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Debt securities
OTC market Debt securities measured based on CBBT prices in an active market. Debt securities measured based on CBBT prices in an inactive market. Debt securities measured using an internal model that does not consider level
Debt securities measured at the BVAL price if the CBBT price is unavailable. 2 inputs. The internal model applies the expected present value method, where
Debt securities measured using an internal model based on level 2 inputs. bond prices are calculated based on the required bond yield.
Stock exchange Debt securities measured based on stock exchange prices in an active market. Debt securities measured based on stock exchange prices in an inactive
market.
Debt securities measured at the BVAL price when the stock exchange price is
unavailable.
Debt securities measured using an internal model that does not consider level
2 inputs.
Debt securities measured using an internal model based on level 2 inputs.
Shares
Stock exchange Shares measured based on stock exchange prices in an active market. Shares measured based on stock exchange prices in an inactive market.
Shares without available stock exchange prices that are measured using an
internal model based on level 2 inputs.
Shares measured using an internal model that does not consider level 2 inputs.
Unquoted shares and participating interests
Unquoted shares the fair value of which cannot be determined, valued at cost
less impairment losses or measured at fair value using an internal model using
Level 3 inputs.
Mutual funds
Mutual funds measured at the quoted unit value on the measurement date.
Alternative funds
The fair value is determined based on the valuation of individual projects for
which discounted cash flow methods are used.
Deposits and loans
- with maturity Measured at amortised cost.
Investment property
Fair value determined on the basis of valuation or internal fair value models.

17.4.22 Shareholders' equity

Composition:

  • share capital comprises the par value of paid-up ordinary shares, expressed in euros;
  • capital reserves comprise amounts paid up in excess of the par value of shares;
  • profit reserves comprise reserves provided for by the articles of association, legal reserves, reserves for own shares, catastrophe equalisation reserves and other profit reserves;
  • own shares acquired in line with a share repurchase programme (published on the Company's website, at https://www.sava-re.si/en-si/investor-relations/ our-share/;
  • fair value reserve;
  • retained earnings;
  • net profit or loss for the year;
  • translation reserve;
  • non-controlling interest.

Reserves provided for by the articles of association are used:

  • to cover the net loss that cannot be covered (in full) out of retained earnings and other profit reserves, or if these two sources of funds are insufficient to cover the net loss in full (an instrument of additional protection of tied-up capital);
  • to increase share capital;
  • to regulate the dividend policy.

Profit reserves also include catastrophe equalisation reserves set aside pursuant to the rules on technical provisions and capital reserves as calculated by appointed actuaries. These are tied-up reserves and their distribution cannot be decided in the general meeting.

Pursuant to the Companies Act, the Company's management board has the power to allocate up to half of the net profit to other reserves.

17.4.23 Subordinated liabilities

Subordinated liabilities represent a long-term liability of the Group in the form of a subordinated bond to be used for general corporate purposes of the Sava Insurance Group and for the optimisation of its capital structure valued at amortised cost. For more details see note 17.8.23.

17.4.24 Classification of insurance contracts

The Group transacts traditional and unit-linked life business, non-life business and reinsurance business, the basic purpose of which is the transfer of underwriting risk. Underwriting risk is considered significant, if an insured event results in payments for the Group of at least 5% of the claim payment. Accordingly, the Group classified all such contracts concluded as insurance contracts. Proportional reinsurance contracts represent a risk that is identical to the underlying insurance policies, which are insurance contracts. Since non-proportional reinsurance contracts provide for the payment of significant additional pay-outs in case of loss events, they also qualify as insurance contracts.

17.4.25 Technical provisions

In the statement of financial position technical provisions are shown in gross amounts under liabilities. The share of technical provisions for the business ceded to non-Group reinsurers is shown in the statement of financial position under the asset item reinsurers' share of technical provisions. Technical provisions must be set at an amount that provides reasonable assurance that liabilities from assumed (re)insurance contracts can be met. The main principles used in calculations are described below.

Unearned premiums are the portions of premiums written pertaining to periods after the accounting period. Unearned premiums are calculated on a pro rata temporis basis at insurance policy level, except for contracts with changing exposure, where the movement of the sum insured is taken in account (credit insurance). Since there is generally insufficient data available for accepted reinsurance business at the individual policy level, the fractional value method is used for calculating unearned premiums at the level of individual reinsurance accounts for periods for which premiums are written.

Mathematical provisions for life insurance contracts represent the actuarial value of obligations arising from policyholders' guaranteed entitlements. In most cases, they are calculated using the net Zillmer method with the same parameters as those used for premium calculation, except for the discount rate applied, which was a technical interest rate of at least 1.25%. Other parameters are the same as those used in the premium calculation. Any calculated negative liabilities arising out of mathematical provisions are set to nil. The Zillmer method was used for amortising acquisition costs. The calculation of mathematical provisions is based on the assumption that the full agent commission was paid upon the conclusion of the contract, while agents actually receive the commission within two to five years, depending on the policy term. The mathematical provision includes all deferred commissions. Deferred policy acquisition costs are shown under assets, in the event of commission prepayments, or show the difference between the positive Zillmerised mathematical provision and the Zillmerised mathematical provision.

Provisions for outstanding claims (claims provision) are established in the amount of expected liabilities for incurred but not settled claims, including loss adjustment expenses. These comprise provisions both for reported claims, which are calculated based on case estimates, and claims incurred but not reported (IBNR), which are calculated using actuarial methods. Future liabilities are generally not discounted, with the exception of the part relating to annuities under certain liability insurance contracts. In such cases, the related provisions are established based on the expected net present value of future liabilities.

Provisions for incurred but not reported claims are calculated for the major part of the portfolios of primary insurers using methods based on paid claims triangles; the result is the total claims provision, and the IBNR provision is calculated as the difference between the result of the triangle method and the provision based on case reserves. In classes where the volume of business is not large enough for reliable results from the triangle methods, the calculation is made based on either (i) the product of the expected number of subsequently reported claims and the average amount of subsequently reported claims or (ii) methods based on expected loss ratios. The consolidated IBNR provision also includes the IBNR provision for the share of business written outside the Group. For this part of the portfolio, technical categories based on reinsurance accounts are not readily available; therefore, it is necessary to estimate items that are received untimely, including claims provisions, taking into account expected premiums and expected combined ratios for each underwriting year, class of business and form of reinsurance as well as development triangles for underwriting years by accounting quarters; the IBNR provision is then established at the amount of the claims provision thus estimated.

The provision for outstanding claims is thus established based on statistical data and using actuarial methods; therefore, its calculation also constitutes a liability adequacy test.

The provision for bonuses, rebates and cancellations is intended for agreed and expected pay-outs due to good results of insurance contracts and expected payment due to cancellations in excess of unearned premiums.

Other technical provisions include the provision for unexpired risks derived from a liability adequacy test for unearned premiums, as described below.

Unearned premiums are deferred premiums based on coverage periods. If based on such a calculation the premium is deemed to be inadequate, the unearned premium is also inadequate. Group companies carry out liability adequacy tests for unearned premiums at the level of homogeneous groups appropriate to portfolios. The calculation of the expected combined ratio in any homogeneous group is based on premiums earned, claims incurred, commission expenses and other operating expenses. Where the expected combined ratio exceeds 100%, thus revealing a deficiency in unearned premiums, a corresponding provision for unexpired risks is set aside within other technical provisions.

17.4.26 Technical provisions for the benefit of life insurance policyholders who bear the investment risk

These are provisions for unit-linked life business. They comprise mathematical provisions, unearned premiums and provisions for outstanding claims. The bulk comprises mathematical provisions. Their value is the aggregate value of all units of funds under all policies, including all premiums not yet converted into units, plus the discretionary bonuses of guaranteed funds managed by us. The value of funds is based on market value as at the statement of financial position date.

17.4.27 Liability adequacy test (LAT)

Adequacy testing of provisions set aside based on insurance contracts is conducted as at the financial statement date, separately for non-life and life business. The liability adequacy test for non-life business is described in section 17.4.25 "Technical provisions" (Other technical provisions).

Liability adequacy testing for life business

The liability adequacy test for life policies is carried out as a minimum at each reporting date against a calculation of future cash flows using explicit and consistent assumptions of all factors – future premiums, mortality, morbidity, investment returns, lapses, surrenders, guarantees, policyholder bonuses and expenses. For this purpose, the present value of future cash flows is used.

Discounting is based on the yield curve for euro area sovereign bonds at the statement of financial position date; but for EU Member States either the risk-free yield curve of government bonds at the statement of financial position date is used, including a loading for the investment mix, or a yield curve based on the investment mix and in case of reinvestments the Solvency II riskfree rate is used. Where reliable market data is available, assumptions (such as the discount rate and investment return) are derived from observable market prices. Assumptions that cannot be reliably derived from market values are based on current estimates calculated by reference to the Group's own internal models (lapse rates, actual mortality and morbidity) and publicly available resources (demographic information published by the local statistical bureau). For mortality, higher rates are anticipated than are realised due to uncertainty.

Input assumptions are updated annually based on recent experience. Correlations between risk factors are not taken into account. The principal assumptions used are described below.

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The liability adequacy test is performed on the policy and/or product level. If the test is performed at the policy level, the results are shown at the product-level, with products grouped by class of business. A company generally evaluates the test results separately for traditional policies other than annuities, unit-linked policies and annuities. If insurance liabilities, including related assets, cannot be evaluated separately as part of traditional or unit-linked policies, the company may evaluate the test results together. The adequacy of liabilities is checked separately for each group of insurance products. In determining any additional liabilities to be established, the liability inadequacies of individual groups are not offset against surpluses arising on other groups. The net present value of future cash flows calculated using the assumptions described below is compared with the insurance liabilities, for each group separately. If this comparison shows that the carrying amount of the insurance liabilities is inadequate in the light of the estimated cash

flows, the entire deficiency is recognised in profit or loss by establishing an additional provision.

Mortality is usually based on data supplied by the local statistical bureau or on the mortality of the portfolio and is amended by the Group based on a statistical investigation of its mortality experience. Assumptions for mortality and morbidity are adjusted by a margin for risk and are higher than actual.

Future contractual premiums are included and for most business also premium indexation is taken into consideration. Estimates for lapses and surrenders are made based on experience. Actual persistency rates by product type and duration are regularly investigated, and assumptions updated accordingly. The actual persistency rates are adjusted by a margin for risk and uncertainty.

Estimates for future maintenance expenses included in the liability adequacy test are derived from experience.

For future periods, cash flows for expenses have been
increased by a factor equal to the estimated annual infla
tion.
Yield and the discount rate are based on the same yield
curve; a loading for market development is added when
discounting.
The liability adequacy test takes into account expected
future discretionary bonuses. Expected future discre
tionary bonuses are aligned with the bonus methodol
ogy. The share of discretionary bonuses complies with
internal rules and is treated as a discounted liability.
For most life policies estimates are made of the impact
of changes in key variables that may have a material
effect on the results of liability adequacy tests at the end
of the year. Sensitivity analyses are prepared separately
for traditional life business and investment-linked life
business.

The base run is calculated using the same assumptions as for liability adequacy testing. Changes in variables represent reasonable possible changes which, had they occurred, would have led to significant changes in insurance liabilities at the statement of financial position date. The reasonable possible changes represent neither expected changes in variables nor worst-case scenarios. A change in key variables would affect the corresponding component of the result in the same proportion.

The analysis is prepared for the change in variables, with all other assumptions remaining unchanged, and ignores changes in the values of related assets. Sensitivity was calculated for an unfavourable direction of movement, except for net investment income. The income statement and insurance liabilities (as shown in the LAT test) are mostly impacted by changes in the net investment income and operating expenses.

EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
LAT test for traditional life policies LAT test for unit-linked life policies LAT test for traditional life policies LAT test for unit-linked life policies
Base run 299,444,407 452,499,048 370,901,785 487,677,285
Investment return + 100 basis points 291,028,065 450,012,768 353,462,458 480,550,191
Investment return - 100 basis points 309,353,037 455,272,885 391,268,128 496,337,863
Mortality + 10% 304,531,870 453,848,148 376,278,112 488,945,012
Lapses + 10% 302,187,970 454,973,202 372,904,989 489,419,664
Operating expenses on policy + 10% 305,400,080 457,713,443 377,707,799 493,641,149

17.4.28 Other provisions

Employee benefits include severance pay upon retirement and jubilee benefits. Provisions for employee benefits are the net present value of the Group's future liabilities proportionate to the years of service in the Group (the projected unit credit method). Pursuant to IAS 19 "Employee benefits" actuarial gains and losses arising on re-measurement of net liabilities for severance pay upon retirement are recognised in other comprehensive income.

These provisions are calculated based on personal data of employees: date of birth, date of commencement of employment in the Group, anticipated retirement, and salary. For each Group company, the amounts of severance pay upon retirement and jubilee benefits are in accordance with local legislations, employment contracts and other applicable regulations. Expected payouts also include tax liabilities where payments exceed statutory non-taxable amounts.

The probability of an employee staying with the Group includes both the probability of death and the probability of termination of employment relationship. Assumptions relating to future increases in salaries, severance pay upon retirement and jubilee benefits, as well as those relating to employee turnover depend on developments in individual markets and individual Group companies. The same term structure of risk-free interest rates is used for discounting as that in the capital adequacy calculation under Solvency II. 17.4.29 Other financial liabilities

Other financial liabilities mainly include dividend payment obligations relating to previous years.

17.4.30 Liabilities from operating activities and other liabilities

Liabilities are initially recognised at amounts recorded in the relevant documents. Subsequently, they are increased or decreased in line with documents, and reduced through payments. Liabilities from operating activities comprise liabilities for claims, for premiums from ceded retrocession business, for claims from accepted reinsurance business and for liabilities relating to retained deposits.

Other liabilities include amounts due to employees, amounts due to clients, deferred reinsurance commissions, current income tax liabilities and other shortterm liabilities (accrued expenses).

17.4.31 Net premiums earned

Group companies use the accrual basis method of accounting for insurance premiums earned. The following are disclosed separately: gross (re)insurance premiums, co-insurance and retrocession premiums, and unearned premiums.

Estimates are made on the basis of amounts in reinsurance contracts, which, according to contractual due dates, have already accrued, although the Group has yet to receive reinsurance accounts. Net premiums earned are calculated based on invoiced gross reinsurance premiums less invoiced premiums retroceded, both adjusted for the movement in gross unearned premiums and the change in reinsurers' share of unearned premiums. Premiums earned are estimated based on individual reinsurance contracts.

Premiums earned are recognised based on confirmed (re)insurance accounts or (re)insurance contracts and based on estimated reinsurance premiums earned. Together, these items constitute net premiums written in the income statement.

The companies monitor premiums earned by insurance group and insurance class.

17.4.32 Net claims incurred

Claims and benefits incurred are accounted for on an accrual basis. Net claims incurred comprise gross claims payments, net of recourse receivables and reinsured claims, i.e. amounts invoiced to retrocessionaires. The amount of gross claims paid includes the change in the claims provision, taking into account estimated claims and provisions for outstanding claims. Estimates are made on the basis of amounts in reinsurance contracts, which, according to contractual due dates, have already accrued, although corresponding reinsurance accounts have not been received. Claims incurred are estimated based on estimated premiums and combined ratios for individual reinsurance contracts. These items are used to calculate net claims incurred in the income statement.

17.4.33 Investment income and expenses

Investment income and expenses are recorded separately by source of funds, i.e. in three separate registers: the non-life insurance investment register, the life insurance investment register and own funds investment register. Own fund investments support the Group's shareholders' funds, non-life insurance investments support technical provisions, and life insurance investments support mathematical provisions.

Investment income includes:

  • dividend income (income from shares);
  • interest income;
  • net exchange gains;
  • income from changes in fair value and gains on disposal of investments designated at fair value through profit or loss;
  • gains on disposal of investments of other investment categories, and
  • other income.

Investment expenses include:

  • interest expense;
  • net exchange losses;
  • expenses due to changes in fair value and losses on disposal of investments designated at fair value through profit or loss;
  • losses on disposal of investments of other investment categories, and
  • other expenses.

These income and expenses are disclosed depending on whether the underlying investments are classified as investments held to maturity, at fair value through profit or loss, available for sale, loans and receivables, or deposits.

Interest income and expenses for investments classified as held to maturity or available for sale are recognised in the income statement using the effective interest rate method. Interest income and expenses for investments at fair value through profit or loss are recognised in the income statement using the coupon interest rate. Dividend income is recognised in the income statement when payout is authorised. Gains and losses on the disposal of investments represent the difference between the carrying amount of a financial asset and its sale price, or between its cost less impairment, if any, and the sale price in the case of investments available for sale.

17.4.34 Operating expenses

Operating expenses include:

  • policy acquisition costs in the period;
  • change in deferred policy acquisition costs;
  • other operating expenses classified by nature, as follows:
    • a. depreciation/amortisation of operating assets;
    • b. personnel costs including employee salaries, social and pension insurance costs and other personnel costs;
    • c. remuneration of the supervisory board and its committees; and payments under contracts for services;
    • d. other operating expenses relating to services and materials.

17.4.35 Other technical income and expenses and other income/ revenue and expenses

Other technical income of the Group comprises income from commissions (reinsurance commissions less the change in deferred acquisition costs relating to reinsurers) and is recognised based on confirmed reinsurance accounts and estimated commission income taking into account straight-line amortisation. These include other technical income such as income on the realisation of impaired receivables, revenue from other insurance business (green card sales, claims handling as accommodation business), exchange gains and revenue from other services. This income is recognised in the income statement when services are completed or invoices issued.

Other technical expenses of the Group comprise expenses for loss prevention activities and fire brigade charge, contribution for covering claims of uninsured and unidentified vehicles and vessels, regulator fees and exchange losses, operating expenses from revaluation and other expenses.

Other income comprises income from investment property, income from property, plant and equipment assets, other income not directly attributable to insurance business and revenue from sales for non-insurance companies (including asset management revenue, e.g. entry and exit fee income and management fee income).

Revenue is measured as the consideration to which the Group expects to be entitled under contracts with customers and excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties.

Revenue is recognised when the customer has taken control of the goods or has received the benefits from the services rendered. Sales revenue does not include any charges paid upon purchase or sale, in line with IFRS 15. This income is included in the income statement within the "other income" item and relates either to the "pensions and asset management" operating segment or the "other" operating segment. This revenue is not multi-year in nature, is recognised on an accrual basis in the financial year and presented under note 17.8.32.

Other expenses, which are made up of non-technical items, consist of allowances for other receivables, direct operating expenses arising from investment property, impairment losses on intangible assets and other extraordinary expenses. Other expenses are recognised in the income statement when the service is rendered.

17.4.36 Income tax expense

Income tax expense for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Current income tax is presented in the income statement, except for the portion relating to the items presented in shareholders' equity; deferred tax is also presented in shareholders' equity. Current tax is payable on the taxable profit for the year using the tax rates enacted by the date of the statement of financial position, as well as on any adjustments to tax liabilities of prior periods. Deferred tax is recognised using the statement of financial position method, providing for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. The deferred tax amount is based on the expected manner of recovery or settlement of the carrying amount of assets and liabilities, using the tax rates effective on the date of the statement of financial position. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be utilised. Deferred tax assets are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised.

The Group income tax expense has been determined in accordance with the requirements of each member's local legislation.

17.4.37 Segment reporting

Operating segments as disclosed and monitored were determined based on the different activities carried out in the Group. Segments were formed through the aggregation of operations of companies that generate revenue and expenses, including revenue and expenses arising from intra-group transactions, based on similar services provided by companies (features of insurance products, market networks, and the circumstances in which companies operate).

The operating segments are reinsurance (reinsurance business), non-life (non-life insurance business), life (life insurance business, broken down into Slovenia and international), pensions and asset management (pension insurance business in Slovenia and North Macedonia, and fund management) and the "other" segment (assistance services associated with motor, home owners and health insurance business). Section 8.1 explains in more detail how the companies are included in operating segments.

Performance of these segments is monitored based on different indicators, with net profit calculated in accordance with IFRSs a common performance indicator for all segments. The management board monitors performance by segment to the level of underwriting results, net investment income and other aggregated performance indicators, as well as the amounts of assets, equity and technical provisions on a quarterly basis.

Asset items by operating segment as at 31 December 2022

Sava Insurance Group Non-life Life
EUR
31 Dec 2022
Reinsurance Slovenia International Total Slovenia International Total Pensions and
AM
Other Total
ASSETS 396,892,192 664,163,860 159,953,066 824,116,926 989,425,034 46,723,349 1,036,148,383 248,842,712 28,002,447 2,534,002,659
Intangible assets 4,068,385 16,878,485 9,266,489 26,144,974 7,994,207 118,787 8,112,994 29,879,226 2,808,946 71,014,525
Property, plant and equipment 2,553,946 39,625,416 13,938,149 53,563,565 4,007,100 1,923,288 5,930,388 340,235 47,597 62,435,731
Right-of-use assets 248,062 4,054,798 2,753,098 6,807,896 221,030 24,397 245,427 121,639 2,520 7,425,544
Deferred tax assets 8,610,374 7,921,925 339,371 8,261,296 10,797,289 216,463 11,013,752 58,265 0 27,943,687
Investment property 7,721,692 11,839,443 3,200,383 15,039,826 34,241 0 34,241 0 0 22,795,759
Financial investments in associates 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,856,109 21,856,109
Financial investments: 243,222,138 438,724,588 85,729,643 524,454,231 453,277,926 39,544,978 492,822,905 36,513,497 0 1,297,012,771
- Loans and deposits 8,157,310 3,113,245 14,580,652 17,693,897 18,513 2,030,546 2,049,059 3,100,082 0 31,000,348
- Held to maturity 1,519,064 1,535,457 2,965,120 4,500,576 18,654,630 7,771,083 26,425,712 13,808,270 0 46,253,622
- Available for sale 229,612,132 428,299,253 68,071,761 496,371,014 431,166,795 29,389,230 460,556,026 14,236,889 0 1,200,776,061
- At fair value through profit or loss 3,933,632 5,776,633 112,111 5,888,743 3,437,988 354,120 3,792,108 5,368,256 0 18,982,740
Assets held for the benefit of policyholders who bear the investment risk 0 0 0 0 483,456,810 437,059 483,893,869 0 0 483,893,869
Reinsurers' share of technical provisions 20,258,423 36,734,552 7,903,792 44,638,344 613,163 90,594 703,757 0 0 65,600,524
Investment contract assets 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 172,915,796 0 172,915,796
Receivables 77,060,690 71,378,204 18,568,284 89,946,488 2,995,476 960,366 3,955,842 972,915 2,225,026 174,160,961
Receivables arising out of primary insurance business 67,866,129 62,232,603 11,806,627 74,039,230 995,548 830,938 1,826,486 19,811 0 143,751,656
Receivables arising out of reinsurance and co-insurance business 8,976,476 2,492,636 1,282,082 3,774,718 5,202 4,405 9,607 0 0 12,760,801
Current tax assets 49,594 3,551,197 342,733 3,893,930 0 1,683 1,683 0 0 3,945,207
Other receivables 168,491 3,101,768 5,136,842 8,238,610 1,994,726 123,340 2,118,066 953,104 2,225,026 13,703,297
Deferred acquisition costs 8,522,669 13,843,926 5,869,815 19,713,742 197,472 112,892 310,364 0 0 28,546,775
Other assets 699,783 1,058,145 855,432 1,913,577 361,021 47,448 408,469 588,623 563,888 4,174,340
Cash and cash equivalents 23,926,029 21,724,095 11,367,974 33,092,069 25,469,298 3,247,077 28,716,375 7,001,631 498,361 93,234,465
Non-current assets held for sale 0 380,282 160,636 540,918 0 0 0 450,885 0 991,803

Asset items by operating segment as at 31 December 2021

Sava Insurance Group Non-life Life
EUR
31 Dec 2021
Reinsurance Slovenia International Total Slovenia International Total Pensions and
AM
Other Total
ASSETS 370,861,211 694,187,221 153,666,435 847,853,656 1,118,810,072 46,822,190 1,165,632,261 248,579,384 25,395,845 2,658,322,359
Intangible assets 3,194,031 13,861,616 8,916,376 22,777,992 7,608,332 46,759 7,655,091 30,871,429 2,808,232 67,306,775
Property, plant and equipment 2,464,212 35,377,174 14,216,375 49,593,549 1,849,234 1,896,304 3,745,538 489,457 44,418 56,337,174
Right-of-use assets 192,886 2,730,815 3,762,553 6,493,368 430,632 29,558 460,190 207,331 32,651 7,386,426
Deferred tax assets 3,688,957 1,115,818 24,199 1,140,017 626,942 9,933 636,875 21,554 0 5,487,403
Investment property 7,899,693 2,771,050 3,192,081 5,963,131 35,583 0 35,583 382,785 0 14,281,192
Financial investments in associates 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,479,729 20,479,729
Financial investments: 228,470,510 512,785,009 86,829,981 599,614,990 568,792,382 41,504,468 610,296,850 34,306,093 0 1,472,688,443
- Loans and deposits 7,574,664 3,202,386 12,961,392 16,163,778 15,772 1,622,720 1,638,492 4,469,639 0 29,846,572
- Held to maturity 1,971,444 1,900,803 2,975,617 4,876,421 24,909,197 1,248,300 26,157,497 7,017,762 0 40,023,124
- Available for sale 212,403,436 496,888,334 70,670,982 567,559,316 538,001,848 37,883,084 575,884,932 12,584,989 0 1,368,432,673
- At fair value through profit or loss 6,520,966 10,793,486 221,989 11,015,475 5,865,565 750,364 6,615,929 10,233,703 0 34,386,074
Assets held for the benefit of policyholders who bear the investment risk 0 0 0 0 516,900,819 538,773 517,439,592 0 0 517,439,592
Reinsurers' share of technical provisions 24,217,574 26,777,147 6,233,981 33,011,128 497,659 40,695 538,354 0 0 57,767,056
Investment contract assets 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 172,836,349 0 172,836,349
Receivables 65,891,719 64,687,883 15,081,699 79,769,582 1,399,676 857,186 2,256,862 1,179,991 842,716 149,940,870
Receivables arising out of primary insurance business 60,539,206 57,802,959 8,590,216 66,393,175 897,128 677,557 1,574,685 37,657 0 128,544,723
Receivables arising out of reinsurance and co-insurance business 5,125,596 3,002,694 944,338 3,947,032 1,006 3,531 4,537 0 0 9,077,165
Current tax assets 0 18,581 220,043 238,624 88,879 1,683 90,562 1,332 0 330,518
Other receivables 226,917 3,863,649 5,327,102 9,190,751 412,663 174,415 587,078 1,141,002 842,716 11,988,464
Deferred acquisition costs 5,288,004 12,460,262 4,556,330 17,016,592 182,641 85,504 268,145 0 0 22,572,741
Other assets 746,808 1,462,435 898,809 2,361,244 379,729 100,254 479,983 468,238 324,114 4,380,387
Cash and cash equivalents 28,806,817 19,847,044 9,494,476 29,341,520 20,106,442 1,712,756 21,819,198 7,816,157 863,986 88,647,678
Non-current assets held for sale 0 310,969 459,575 770,544 0 0 0 0 0 770,544

Equity and liabilities items by operating segment as at 31 December 2022

Sava Insurance Group Non-life Life
EUR
31 Dec 2022
Reinsurance Slovenia International Total Slovenia International Total Pensions and
AM
Other Total
EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 418,115,614 634,198,334 164,663,449 798,861,784 933,706,659 46,918,289 980,624,948 225,628,105 110,772,207 2,534,002,659
Subordinated liabilities 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 74,924,356 74,924,356
Technical provisions 238,969,513 460,169,171 111,510,490 571,679,661 389,742,902 33,703,170 423,446,072 15,847,262 0 1,249,942,508
Unearned premiums 26,189,969 157,198,831 44,991,990 202,190,821 846,672 571,268 1,417,940 0 0 229,798,730
Mathematical provisions 0 0 0 0 374,671,612 32,134,945 406,806,557 15,845,374 0 422,651,931
Provision for outstanding claims 212,106,107 296,065,907 63,221,808 359,287,715 14,224,618 996,957 15,221,575 1,888 0 586,617,285
Other technical provisions 673,437 6,904,433 3,296,692 10,201,125 0 0 0 0 0 10,874,562
Technical provisions for the benefit of life insurance policyholders who bear the
investment risk
0 0 0 0 498,403,636 947,969 499,351,605 0 0 499,351,605
Other provisions 392,640 4,925,711 924,952 5,850,663 1,155,805 11,838 1,167,643 625,968 57,577 8,094,491
Deferred tax liabilities 771,533 2,063,425 184,778 2,248,203 102,443 10 102,453 525,971 0 3,648,160
Investment contract liabilities 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 172,739,040 0 172,739,040
Other financial liabilities 2 -8 567,291 567,283 0 586 586 0 0 567,871
Liabilities from operating activities 34,089,336 10,177,932 3,000,922 13,178,854 8,167,111 581,311 8,748,422 159,258 33,033 56,208,903
Liabilities from primary insurance business 26,165,935 7,942,718 597,039 8,539,757 7,366,398 522,810 7,889,208 0 0 42,594,900
Liabilities from reinsurance and co-insurance business 7,877,987 1,986,962 1,561,560 3,548,522 68,411 21,319 89,730 0 0 11,516,239
Current income tax liabilities 45,414 248,252 842,323 1,090,575 732,302 37,182 769,484 159,258 33,033 2,097,764
Lease liability 246,929 4,161,552 2,860,213 7,021,765 0 28,682 28,682 131,013 7,615 7,436,004
Other liabilities 8,220,611 23,726,351 7,619,038 31,345,389 3,971,579 861,262 4,832,841 1,426,202 3,313,309 49,138,352
Shareholders' equity 411,951,369
Equity attributable to owners of the controlling company 411,479,499
Non-controlling interests in equity 471,870

Equity and liabilities items by operating segment as at 31 December 2021

Sava Insurance Group
EUR
Non-life Life Pensions and
31 Dec 2021 Reinsurance Slovenia International Total Slovenia International Total AM Other Total
EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 393,961,667 664,179,708 156,379,206 820,558,914 1,065,381,650 46,781,050 1,112,162,699 225,318,988 106,320,085 2,658,322,359
Subordinated liabilities 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 74,863,524 74,863,524
Technical provisions 226,015,867 449,275,943 100,615,847 549,891,790 416,324,878 31,220,556 447,545,434 14,047,026 0 1,237,500,117
Unearned premiums 27,169,894 140,791,194 37,832,354 178,623,548 823,015 405,995 1,229,010 0 0 207,022,452
Mathematical provisions 0 0 0 0 399,577,869 29,953,695 429,531,564 14,045,715 0 443,577,279
Provision for outstanding claims 198,362,627 303,333,536 60,231,263 363,564,799 15,923,994 860,866 16,784,860 1,311 0 578,713,597
Other technical provisions 483,346 5,151,213 2,552,230 7,703,443 0 0 0 0 0 8,186,789
Technical provisions for the benefit of life insurance policyholders who bear the
investment risk
0 0 0 0 523,134,539 1,048,799 524,183,338 0 0 524,183,338
Other provisions 421,865 5,678,863 1,021,274 6,700,137 1,370,287 9,949 1,380,236 449,402 66,466 9,018,106
Deferred tax liabilities 76,227 3,119,986 133,758 3,253,744 7,206,457 91,047 7,297,504 759,920 0 11,387,395
Investment contract liabilities 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 172,660,266 0 172,660,266
Other financial liabilities 0 0 584,172 584,172 0 259 259 493 0 584,924
Liabilities from operating activities 30,836,632 11,100,202 4,157,629 15,257,831 7,730,272 498,458 8,228,730 362,392 97,794 54,783,379
Liabilities from primary insurance business 23,849,071 7,148,115 2,575,844 9,723,959 7,654,233 442,356 8,096,589 0 0 41,669,619
Liabilities from reinsurance and co-insurance business 6,592,809 2,046,399 1,375,017 3,421,416 76,039 18,812 94,851 0 0 10,109,076
Current income tax liabilities 394,752 1,905,688 206,768 2,112,456 0 37,290 37,290 362,392 97,794 3,004,684
Lease liability 191,824 2,826,494 3,925,946 6,752,440 0 30,900 30,900 216,243 32,731 7,224,138
Other liabilities 7,072,154 39,446,744 6,117,494 45,564,238 4,298,488 725,932 5,024,420 1,841,264 2,538,078 62,040,154
Shareholders' equity 504,077,018
Equity attributable to owners of the controlling company 503,709,720
Non-controlling interests in equity 367,298

)6
95
56
4 0 0 0 2
98
54
18
20

Income statement items by operating segment 2022

Sava Insurance Group Non-life Life
EUR
2022
Reinsurance Slovenia International Total Slovenia International Total Pensions Other Total
Net premiums earned 113,696,164 335,944,364 77,023,355 412,967,719 159,486,341 11,771,187 171,257,528 3,456,298 0 701,377,709
Gross premiums written 120,876,083 381,605,063 96,021,577 477,626,640 160,155,231 12,020,039 172,175,270 3,456,298 0 774,134,291
Written premiums ceded to reinsurers and co-insurers -8,965,393 -29,364,180 -12,568,688 -41,932,868 -693,407 -87,575 -780,982 0 0 -51,679,242
Change in gross unearned premiums 979,923 -15,452,008 -7,294,777 -22,746,785 -15,479 -165,349 -180,828 0 0 -21,947,690
Change in unearned premiums, reinsurers' and co-insurers' shares 805,551 -844,512 865,243 20,731 39,996 4,072 44,068 0 0 870,350
Income from investments in subsidiaries and associates 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,285,731 1,285,731
Profit from investments in equity-accounted associate companies 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,285,731 1,285,731
Investment income 4,934,040 6,117,977 2,119,968 8,237,945 12,904,892 1,138,414 14,043,306 795,618 994,000 29,004,910
Interest income 2,154,129 2,318,223 2,002,081 4,320,304 8,192,842 1,105,024 9,297,866 628,138 0 16,400,437
Other investment income 2,779,911 3,799,754 117,887 3,917,642 4,712,050 33,390 4,745,440 167,480 994,000 12,604,473
Other technical income 809,253 9,437,667 6,658,016 16,095,683 4,551,208 118,671 4,669,878 206,707 0 21,781,521
Commission income 751,800 5,235,937 3,637,700 8,873,637 113,024 10,616 123,639 0 0 9,749,076
Other technical income 57,453 4,201,730 3,020,316 7,222,046 4,438,184 108,055 4,546,239 206,707 0 12,032,445
Other income 994,166 3,136,898 3,162,236 6,299,134 800,710 65,381 866,091 18,062,395 4,260,988 30,482,774
Net claims incurred -79,321,746 -186,146,341 -38,889,451 -225,035,792 -108,850,995 -4,899,326 -113,750,322 -1,608,323 0 -419,716,183
Gross claims payments, net of income from recourse receivables -70,639,487 -224,522,449 -40,477,171 -264,999,620 -111,261,385 -4,843,596 -116,104,981 -1,607,746 0 -453,351,834
Reinsurers' and co-insurers' shares 9,925,678 20,576,444 3,788,662 24,365,105 195,669 16,030 211,699 0 0 34,502,483
Change in the gross provision for outstanding claims -13,743,235 8,218,779 -3,023,555 5,195,224 2,139,211 -112,915 2,026,296 -577 0 -6,522,292
Change in the provision for outstanding claims, reinsurers' and co-insurers' shares -4,864,703 9,580,885 822,614 10,403,499 75,509 41,155 116,664 0 0 5,655,460
Change in other technical provisions -190,091 -1,485,407 -551,442 -2,036,849 24,711,707 -2,170,903 22,540,804 -1,799,659 0 18,514,205
Change in technical provisions for policyholders who bear the investment risk 0 0 0 0 24,245,136 74,126 24,319,262 0 0 24,319,262
Expenses for bonuses and rebates 0 -166,201 -136,146 -302,347 0 0 0 0 0 -302,347

Sava Insurance Group Non-life Life
EUR
2022
Reinsurance Slovenia International Total Slovenia International Total Pensions Other Total
Operating expenses -30,367,183 -105,608,902 -39,402,928 -145,011,830 -33,941,431 -4,507,484 -38,448,915 -11,421,484 -3,079,886 -228,329,299
Acquisition costs -25,048,978 -34,740,427 -7,818,545 -42,558,972 -13,264,131 -780,828 -14,044,959 -35,792 0 -81,688,701
Change in deferred acquisition costs -76,870 1,335,355 1,291,003 2,626,358 437,186 27,261 464,447 0 0 3,013,935
Other operating expenses -5,241,335 -72,203,830 -32,875,386 -105,079,216 -21,114,486 -3,753,917 -24,868,403 -11,385,692 -3,079,886 -149,654,533
Expenses for financial assets and liabilities -1,424,284 -2,620,978 -216,925 -2,837,904 -4,945,824 -136,906 -5,082,729 -1,653,019 -2,874,995 -13,872,931
Impairment losses on financial assets not at fair value through profit or loss 0 0 0 0 -531,994 -238 -532,232 0 0 -532,232
Interest expense -32,998 -117,287 -145,608 -262,895 -33,097 -453 -33,550 -15,739 -2,874,995 -3,220,177
Other investment expenses -1,391,286 -2,503,691 -71,317 -2,575,009 -4,380,733 -136,215 -4,516,947 -1,637,280 0 -10,120,522
Net unrealised losses on investments of life insurance policyholders who bear the
investment risk
0 0 0 0 -60,619,119 -63,016 -60,682,135 0 0 -60,682,135
Other technical expenses -1,406,373 -8,991,583 -4,820,198 -13,811,781 -975,607 -203,858 -1,179,465 -1,135,158 0 -17,532,777
Other expenses -527,485 -1,313,218 -383,059 -1,696,277 -14,815 -7,795 -22,610 -89,874 -10,986 -2,347,232
Profit or loss before tax 7,196,460 48,304,276 4,563,426 52,867,701 17,352,202 1,178,491 18,530,693 4,813,501 574,852 83,983,208
Income tax expense -15,740,622
Net profit or loss for the period 68,242,586
Net profit or loss attributable to owners of the controlling company 68,018,387
Net profit or loss attributable to non-controlling interests 224,199

Income statement items by operating segment 2021

Sava Insurance Group Non-life Life
EUR
2021
Reinsurance Slovenia International Total Slovenia International Total Pensions and
AM
Other Total
Net premiums earned 103,729,231 332,570,848 68,030,805 400,601,653 167,917,411 10,061,282 177,978,693 4,264,740 0 686,574,317
Gross premiums written 112,091,269 354,307,808 80,526,761 434,834,569 168,474,253 10,233,577 178,707,830 4,264,740 0 729,898,408
Written premiums ceded to reinsurers and co-insurers -8,738,892 -26,528,426 -10,136,059 -36,664,485 -648,912 -63,664 -712,576 0 0 -46,115,953
Change in gross unearned premiums 158,677 5,523,056 -2,191,364 3,331,692 44,932 -109,427 -64,495 0 0 3,425,874
Change in unearned premiums, reinsurers' and co-insurers' shares 218,177 -731,590 -168,533 -900,123 47,138 796 47,934 0 0 -634,012
Income from investments in subsidiaries and associates 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 772,886 772,886
Profit from investments in equity-accounted associate companies 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 772,886 772,886
Investment income 8,008,178 5,891,920 2,123,339 8,015,259 16,209,231 1,038,915 17,248,146 785,687 0 34,057,270
Interest income 1,764,040 2,336,467 1,927,954 4,264,422 9,239,837 1,025,272 10,265,109 549,178 0 16,842,749
Other investment income 6,244,138 3,555,453 195,385 3,750,837 6,969,394 13,643 6,983,037 236,509 0 17,214,521
Net unrealised gains on investments of life insurance policyholders who bear the
investment risk
0 0 0 0 68,641,409 77,694 68,719,103 0 0 68,719,103
Other technical income 1,355,079 8,148,158 5,193,927 13,342,085 4,178,448 24,625 4,203,073 201,918 -183 19,101,970
Commission income 798,567 4,490,122 3,192,573 7,682,695 148,332 10,629 158,961 0 0 8,640,223
Other technical income 556,512 3,658,036 2,001,354 5,659,390 4,030,116 13,996 4,044,112 201,918 -183 10,461,747
Other income 832,892 3,085,348 2,129,221 5,214,569 324,289 58,651 382,940 17,107,666 3,499,697 27,037,764
Net claims incurred -76,849,909 -175,224,523 -34,345,496 -209,570,020 -116,910,247 -4,209,261 -121,119,509 -1,274,835 0 -408,814,273
Gross claims payments, net of income from recourse receivables -58,451,182 -183,096,666 -41,336,370 -224,433,037 -118,261,277 -4,488,964 -122,750,241 -1,274,206 0 -406,908,665
Reinsurers' and co-insurers' shares 947,191 7,286,035 4,253,971 11,540,006 141,315 3,723 145,039 0 0 12,632,236
Change in the gross provision for outstanding claims -35,917,831 957,746 3,042,221 3,999,967 1,156,146 300,912 1,457,058 -629 0 -30,461,435
Change in the provision for outstanding claims, reinsurers' and co-insurers' shares 16,571,912 -371,638 -305,318 -676,956 53,567 -24,932 28,635 0 0 15,923,591
Change in other technical provisions 723,394 588,148 70,273 658,421 27,762,661 -2,277,513 25,485,148 -2,994,194 0 23,872,769
Change in technical provisions for policyholders who bear the investment risk 0 0 0 0 -114,983,796 -81,034 -115,064,830 0 0 -115,064,830

Sava Insurance Group Non-life Life
EUR
2021
Reinsurance Slovenia International Total Slovenia International Total Pensions and
AM
Other Total
Expenses for bonuses and rebates 0 -217,764 -58,240 -276,004 0 0 0 0 0 -276,004
Operating expenses -29,542,748 -102,900,724 -35,452,754 -138,353,478 -34,377,320 -3,821,589 -38,198,909 -11,362,609 -2,474,021 -219,931,765
Acquisition costs -24,777,943 -33,960,746 -6,119,215 -40,079,961 -12,230,512 -556,504 -12,787,016 -39,299 0 -77,684,219
Change in deferred acquisition costs 162,604 -2,346,711 469,855 -1,876,856 -237,268 25,139 -212,129 0 0 -1,926,381
Other operating expenses -4,927,409 -66,593,267 -29,803,394 -96,396,661 -21,909,540 -3,290,224 -25,199,764 -11,323,310 -2,474,021 -140,321,165
Expenses for financial assets and liabilities -266,373 -486,480 -175,364 -661,844 -1,664,744 -32,296 -1,697,040 -211,722 -2,873,108 -5,710,086
Impairment losses on financial assets not at fair value through profit or loss 0 -13,246 0 -13,246 -148,714 0 -148,714 0 0 -161,960
Interest expense -27,665 -66,355 -152,285 -218,640 -6,287 -707 -6,994 -2,529 -2,873,108 -3,128,936
Other investment expenses -238,708 -406,879 -23,079 -429,958 -1,509,743 -31,589 -1,541,332 -209,193 0 -2,419,190
Other technical expenses -464,593 -7,199,095 -4,725,309 -11,924,404 -1,037,402 -129,552 -1,166,954 -781,567 0 -14,337,516
Other expenses -410,292 -1,391,452 -564,886 -1,956,338 -5,982 -2,654 -8,636 -90,381 -688 -2,466,335
Profit or loss before tax 7,114,859 62,864,385 2,225,515 65,089,900 16,053,955 707,269 16,761,225 5,644,703 -1,075,417 93,535,270
Income tax expense -17,368,092
Net profit or loss for the period 76,167,178
Net profit or loss attributable to owners of the controlling company 76,074,721
Net profit or loss attributable to non-controlling interests 92,457

Inter-segment business – inter-segment consolidation eliminations

EUR Reinsurance Non-life Life Pensions Other
2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021
Gross premiums written 78,529,246 30,339,527 196,645 120,466 -1,109,529 -1,006,287 1,109,529 1,006,287 0 0
Net premiums earned 77,331,962 21,250,353 -76,314,455 -21,049,144 -2,040,604 -1,170,446 1,109,529 1,006,287 0 0
Gross claims paid -58,596,537 -9,828,252 -112,989 -112,989 0 0 0 0 0 0
Net claims incurred -59,544,807 -9,670,028 59,052,425 7,927,964 378,594 361,914 0 0 0 0
Operating expenses -19,371,898 -5,518,948 -2,319,416 -378,673 -936,642 -233,409 -40,705 -16,791 -918,770 -218,874
Investment income 61,842 14,783 0 0 3,717 0 2,107 1,585 0 0
Other technical income 395,705 96,713 386,089 44,877 746,143 166,019 0 0 1,578,736 339,834
Other income 1,196 299 274,668 8,195 32,865 0 0 0 3,037,013 1,818,039

Cost of intangible and property, plant and equipment assets by operating segment

EUR Reinsurance Non-life insurance Life insurance Pensions Other Total
2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021
Investments in intangible assets 1,118,179 1,556,253 4,278,034 4,578,980 672,280 414,800 23,683 143,862 260,217 34,299 6,352,393 6,728,194
Investments in property, plant and
equipment
605,833 359,691 11,707,585 10,460,614 2,489,402 173,053 14,736 217,191 35,419 10,100 14,852,975 11,220,649

17.5 Standards and interpretations issued but not yet effective, and new standards and interpretations

The accounting policies adopted by the Group companies in preparing their financial statements are consistent with those of the previous financial year, except for the following new or amended IFRSs adopted for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022.

Amendments to the existing standards effective for the current reporting period

The following amendments to the existing standards issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and adopted by the EU are effective for the current reporting period:

Amendment to IAS 16 "Property, Plant and Equipment"

Proceeds before Intended Use adopted by the EU on 28 June 2021 (effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022).

Proceeds before Intended Use issued by the IASB on 14 May 2020. The amendments prohibit deducting from the cost of an item of property, plant and equipment any proceeds from selling items produced while bringing that asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management. Instead, an entity recognises the proceeds from selling such items, and the cost of producing those items, in profit or loss.

can either be incremental costs of fulfilling that contract or an allocation of other costs that relate directly to fulfilling contracts.

Amendments to IFRS 3 "Business Combinations"

Amendments to IAS 37 "Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets" – Onerous Contracts Cost of Fulfilling a Contract issued by the IASB on 14 May 2020 (effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022). The amendments specify that the "cost of fulfilling" a contract comprises the "costs that relate directly to the contract". Costs that relate directly to a contract The amendments: (a) update IFRS 3 so that it refers to the 2018 Conceptual Framework instead of the 1989 Framework; (b) add to IFRS 3 a requirement that, for transactions and other events within the scope of IAS 37 or IFRIC 21, an acquirer applies IAS 37 or IFRIC 21 (instead of the Conceptual Framework) to identify the liabilities it has assumed in a business combination; and (c) add to IFRS 3 an explicit statement that an acquirer does not recognise contingent assets acquired in a business combination.

Reference to the Conceptual Framework with amendments to IFRS 3 adopted by the EU on 28 June 2021 (effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022).

Amendments to various standards due to "Improvements to IFRSs (2018–2020 cycle)",

Amendments to various standards resulting from the annual improvement project of IFRS (IFRS 1, IFRS 9, IFRS 16 and IAS 41), primarily to remove inconsistencies and clarify wording. The amendments: (a) clarify that a subsidiary which applies paragraph D16(a) of

IFRS 1 is permitted to measure cumulative translation differences using the amounts reported by its parent, based on the parent's date of transition to IFRSs (IFRS 1); (b) clarify which fees an entity includes when it applies the "10 percent" test in paragraph B3.3.6 of IFRS 9 in assessing whether to derecognise a financial liability. An entity includes only fees paid or received between the entity (the borrower) and the lender, including fees paid or received by either the entity or the lender on the other's behalf (IFRS 9); (c) remove from the example the illustration of the reimbursement of leasehold improvements by the lessor in order to resolve any potential confusion regarding the treatment of lease incentives that might arise because of how lease incentives are illustrated in that example (Illustrative Example 13 accompanying IFRS 16); and (d) remove the requirement in paragraph 22 of IAS 41 for entities to exclude taxation cash flows when measuring the fair value of a biological asset using a present value technique (IAS 41).

The adoption of these amendments to existing standards has not resulted in any material changes to the financial statements of the Company and the Group.

Standards and amendments to the existing standards adopted that will become effective at a later date and that the Group and the Company do not apply in their financial statements

At the date of authorisation of these financial statements, the following amendments to the existing standards were issued by the IASB and adopted by the EU and which are not yet effective:

IFRS 17 "Insurance Contracts"

Including amendments to IFRS 17 issued by the IASB on 25 June 2020 – adopted by the EU on 19 November 2021 (effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023).The new standard requires insurance liabilities to be measured at the current fulfilment value and introduces a more uniform measurement and presentation method for all insurance contracts. The purpose of the requirements is to ensure consistent and principles-based accounting for insurance contracts. IFRS 17 replaces IFRS 4 "Insurance Contracts" and the related notes. The amendments to IFRS 17 "Insurance Contracts" issued by the IASB on 25 June 2020 postponed the date of application of IFRS 17 by two years to annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023. In addition, the amendments issued on 25 June 2020 introduce simplifications and interpretations to some of the requirements of the standard and provide additional assistance for the first-time application of IFRS 17.

Amendments to IFRS 17 "Insurance Contracts" – Initial Application of IFRS 17 and IFRS 9

Comparative Information adopted by the EU on 8 September 2022 (effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023).

Amendments to IAS 1 "Presentation of Financial Statements"

Disclosure of Accounting Policies adopted by the EU on 2 March 2022. The amendments provide a more general approach to classifying liabilities under IAS 1 based on contractual arrangements in place at the reporting date. The amendments to IAS 1 issued by the IASB on 15 July 2020 postponed the effective date by one year to annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023.

Amendments to IAS 8 "Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors"

Definition of accounting estimates adopted by the IASB on 2 March 2022 (effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023).The amendments focus on accounting estimates and provide guidance on how to distinguish between accounting policies and accounting estimates.

Amendments to IAS 12 "Income Taxes"
Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising
from a Single Transaction adopted by the IASB on
11 August 2022 (effective for annual periods beginning
on or after 1 January 2023). According to the amend
ments, the initial recognition exemption does not apply
to transactions in which both deductible and taxable
temporary differences arise on initial recognition that
result in the recognition of equal deferred tax assets
and liabilities.
The adoption of these amendments to existing stand

ards has not resulted in any material changes to the financial statements of the Company or the Group, except for the impact of the new standard IFRS 17 "Insurance Contracts". For more information on the impact of this standard on the performance of the Company and the Group, refer to section 17.6 Impact of the new standards IFRS 17 "Insurance Contracts" and IFRS 9 "Financial Instruments".

New standards and amendments to the existing standards issued by the IASB but not yet adopted by the EU

At present, IFRSs as adopted by the EU do not significantly differ from regulations adopted by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) except for the following new standards and amendments to the existing standards:

Amendments to IAS 1 "Presentation of Financial Statements"

Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-Current (effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2023). The amendments clarify how conditions with which an entity must comply within 12 months after the reporting period affect the classification of a liability.

Amendments to IAS 1 "Presentation of Financial Statements"

Non-current Liabilities with Covenants (effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2024). The amendments clarify how conditions with which an entity must comply within 12 months after the reporting period affect the classification of a liability.

Amendments to IFRS 16 "Leases"

Lease Liability in a Sale and Leaseback (effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2024). Amendments to IFRS 16 require a seller-lessee to subsequently measure lease liabilities arising from a leaseback in a way that it does not recognise any amount of the gain or loss that relates to the right of use it retains. The new requirements do not prevent a seller-lessee from recognising in profit or loss any gain or loss relating to the partial or full termination of a lease.

IFRS 14 "Regulatory Deferral Accounts"

Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2016. The European Commission has decided not to launch the endorsement process of this interim standard and to wait for the final standard. This standard is intended to allow entities that are firsttime adopters of IFRS, and that currently recognise regulatory deferral accounts in accordance with their previous GAAP, to continue to do so upon transition to IFRS.

Amendments to IFRS 10 "Consolidated Financial Statements" and IAS 28 "Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures"

Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or Joint Venture. The effective date has been deferred indefinitely until the research project on the equity method has been concluded. The amendments address a conflict between the requirements of IAS 28 and IFRS 10 and clarify that in a transaction involving an associate or joint venture the extent of gain or loss recognition depends on whether the assets sold or contributed constitute a business.

Management anticipates that the adoption of these new standards and amendments to the existing standards during the period of initial application will not have a material impact on the financial statements of the Group or the Company.

Hedge accounting for a portfolio of financial assets and liabilities the principles of which have not been adopted by the EU remains unregulated.

Management assesses that the application of hedge accounting to a portfolio of financial assets or liabilities pursuant to IAS 39 "Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement" would not have had a significant impact on the financial statements, if it had been applied at the balance sheet date.

Standards issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) but not yet applied by the Group companies

IFRS 9 "Financial Instruments"

The final version of IFRS 9 "Financial Instruments" reflects all phases of the financial instruments project and replaces IAS 39 "Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement" and all previous versions of IFRS 9. The standard introduces new requirements for classification and measurement, impairment, and hedge accounting.

Due to the adoption of the new standard on insurance contracts, IFRS 17, insurance companies may defer the application of IFRS 9 until 1 January 2023. All the Group's insurance companies have taken advantage of the option to postpone application due to the application of IFRS 17 "Insurance Contracts".

Late application is conditional upon the carrying amount of liabilities arising out of insurance business exceeding 90% of the total carrying amount of liabilities. The Group and the Company first tested the satisfaction of this condition on 31 December 2015. There have been no changes that would have a significant effect on the satisfaction of the condition since then. Compliance with conditions and disclosures under IFRS 9 are presented below.

IFRS 9 Financial Instruments – Qualifying for the temporary deferral from IFRS 9 and specific disclosures

Sava Insurance Group

EUR 31 Dec 2015 As % of total
liabilities
Technical provisions and liabilities from operating activities 937,776,777 79.1%
Technical provision for the benefit of life insurance policyholders who bear the
investment risk
207,590,086 17.5%
Liabilities under insurance contracts subject to IFRS 4 1,145,366,863 96.6%
Other liabilities 40,674,000 3.4%
Total liabilities* 1,186,040,863 100.0%

* Excluding equity and investment contract liabilities.

EUR 31 Dec 2015 As % of total
liabilities
Technical provisions and liabilities from operating activities 268,773,864 94.7%
Liabilities under insurance contracts subject to IFRS 4 268,773,864 94.7%
Other liabilities 14,899,307 5.3%
Total liabilities* 283,673,171 100.0%

* Excluding equity.

Sava Insurance Group

EUR 31 Dec 2022 As % of total
liabilities
31 Dec 2021 As % of total
liabilities
Technical provisions and liabilities from operating activities 1,304,053,647 69.6% 1,289,278,812 67.6%
Technical provision for the benefit of life insurance policyholders who bear the investment risk 499,351,605 26.6% 524,183,338 27.5%
Liabilities under insurance contracts subject to IFRS 4 1,803,405,252 96.2% 1,813,462,150 95.1%
Other liabilities 70,982,642 3.8% 93,259,401 4.9%
Total liabilities* 1,874,387,894 100.0% 1,906,721,551 100.0%

* Excluding equity, subordinated liabilities and investment contract liabilities.

Sava Re

EUR 31 Dec 2022 As % of total
liabilities
31 Dec 2021 As % of total
liabilities
Technical provisions and liabilities from operating activities 396,604,052 97.6% 377,961,568 97.9%
Liabilities under insurance contracts subject to IFRS 4 396,604,052 97.6% 377,961,568 97.9%
Other liabilities 9,715,960 2.4% 8,087,664 2.1%
Total liabilities* 406,320,012 100.0% 386,049,232 100.0%

* Excluding equity and subordinated liabilities.

The other liabilities item does not include investment contract liabilities disclosed by the Slovenian pension company, as the company already applies IFRS 9 (the calculation excluding investment contracts totals EUR 172,915,796) and subordinated liabilities from the Sava Re bond issue (EUR 74,924,356).

The table below provides an analysis of the fair value of financial assets. They are divided into assets whose contractual cash flows consist solely of payments of principal and interest on the principal amounts outstanding (SPPI financial assets), excluding financial assets held for trading, and other financial assets.

Sava Insurance Group

SPPI financial assets Other financial assets
EUR Fair value as at
31 Dec 2021
Change (purchase,
sale, redemption, etc.)
Fair value as at
31 Dec 2022
Fair value as at
31 Dec 2021
Change (purchase,
sale, redemption, etc.)
Fair value as at
31 Dec 2022
Debt securities 1,463,254,614 -195,016,056 1,268,238,558 45,505,615 -943,125 44,562,490
Equity securities (FVTPL) 0 0 0 589,315,956 -23,022,355 566,293,601
Equity securities (FVOCI option) 0 0 0 21,374,809 -6,447,132 14,927,677
Loans and deposits 23,454,782 6,102,832 29,557,614 0 0 0
Total 1,486,709,396 -188,913,224 1,297,796,172 656,196,381 -30,412,612 625,783,768

Sava Re

SPPI financial assets Other financial assets
EUR Fair value as at
31 Dec 2021
Change (purchase,
sale, redemption, etc.)
Fair value as at
31 Dec 2022
Fair value as at
31 Dec 2021
Change (purchase,
sale, redemption, etc.)
Fair value as at
31 Dec 2022
Debt securities 275,855,145 7,202,057 283,057,202 8,374,243 -3,098,240 5,276,003
Equity securities (FVTPL) 0 0 0 31,840,575 1,121,046 32,961,621
Derivatives (FVOCI option) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Loans and deposits 2,572,974 -732,580 1,840,393 0 0 0
Total 278,428,119 6,469,476 284,897,595 40,214,818 -1,977,194 38,237,624

* SPPI assets - funds with contractual terms and cash flows on specified dates that are exclusively payments of principal and interest on the unpaid principal amount. Exempted are financial assets that meet the definition of held for trading according to IFRS 9 or that are managed and whose performance is assessed on the basis of fair value. This is any financial asset that:

  • is suitable for measurement at amortised cost in accordance with IFRS 9;

  • is a debt instrument that is suitable for measurement at fair value through profit or loss according to IFRS 9; or

  • an asset that would meet the eligibility criteria in IFRS 9 for measurement at amortised cost or; or

  • if the debt instrument were to be measured at fair value through profit or loss in order to avoid an accounting mismatch.

** Other financial assets - all other financial resources, except for those mentioned above. This is any financial asset:

  • with contractual terms with cash flows on specific dates that are not exclusively payments of principal and interest on the unpaid principal amount (which includes capital instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss under IFRS 9);

  • which would correspond to the definition of the term for trading in accordance with IFRS 9; or

  • which is managed or whose performance is assessed on the basis of fair value.

The table below shows the carrying amounts of the assets whose contractual cash flows consist solely of payments of principal and interest on the principal amounts outstanding, in view of their credit risk rating.

Sava Insurance Group

EUR Total AAA AA/A BBB BB/B Not rated
Debt securities* 1,279,481,729 251,493,620 584,971,757 274,369,358 61,144,370 107,502,624
Loans and deposits* 29,548,957 0 0 0 1,009,017 28,539,939
Total 1,309,030,686 251,493,620 584,971,757 274,369,358 62,153,387 136,042,564

* Including IRLF debt securities.

** Including loans to subsidiaries and two IRLF deposits.

Sava Re

EUR Total AAA AA/A BBB BB/B Not rated
Debt securities 282,915,730 97,030,066 133,073,747 28,168,089 1,402,758 23,241,071
Loans and deposits 1,840,393 0 0 0 0 1,840,393
Total 286,596,516 97,030,066 133,073,747 28,168,089 1,402,758 26,921,857

The table below discloses the fair value and carrying amounts of the assets whose contractual cash flows consist solely of payments of principal and interest on the principal amounts outstanding, and which have been assessed as not having a low credit risk.

Sava Insurance Group

EUR Fair value as at 31 Dec 2022 Carrying amount as at 31 Dec 2022 EUR Fair value as at 31 Dec 2022 Carrying amount as at 31 Dec 2022
Debt securities 166,105,116 168,646,994 Debt securities 24,643,829 24,643,829
Loans and deposits 3,437,506 3,428,849 Loans and deposits 1,840,393 1,840,393
Total 169,543,622 172,075,843 Total 26,484,222 26,484,222

17.6 Impact of the new standards IFRS 17 "Insurance Contracts" and IFRS 9 "Financial Instruments"

On 25 June 2020, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) issued the final accounting standard for insurance contracts IFRS 17, with the effective date 1 January 2023. The new IFRS 17 accounting standard will replace the existing accounting standard IFRS 4.

At the same time, IFRS 9 "Financial instruments", which replaces IAS 39, will enter into force for the Group on 1 January 2023. For IFRS 9, the date of the first application was set as 1 January 2018, but the Group and the Company exercised the option to temporarily exempt the implementation of the standard until 1 January 2023.

The Group will therefore apply IFRS 17 and IFRS 9 for the first time in its financial statements as at 1 January 2023 and in its comparative information for 2022. The Group and the Company have not preliminarily adopted any other standard, interpretation or amendment that has been issued but has not yet entered into force.

17.6.1 Impact assessment of the implementation of IFRS 9 and IFRS 17

The following is an assessment of the impact of the adoption of IFRS 9 and IFRS 17 on the Group's and the Company's equity at the date of transition, 1 January 2022, and represents the effect that will be recorded in retained earnings. The implementation of IFRS 17 and IFRS 9 also results in significant changes to other equity items, in particular the fair value reserve. The assessment has been prepared on the basis of information available on the date of preparation of this report. These figures present assessments and may be subject to change between now and the publication of the final financial statements for 2023 in accordance with IFRS 17 and IFRS 9.

The estimated contractual service margin for reinsurance and insurance contracts at the transition date of 1 January 2022 is between EUR 126 million and EUR 130 million at the Group level and between EUR 3 million and EUR 5 million for Sava Re.

EUR million
1 Jan 2022 Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
Impact assessment of adoption of IFRS 17 from 59 to 63 from 2 to 5
Impact assessment of adoption of IFRS 9 14 5.5
Estimated deferred income tax liabilities from -13.9 to -14.6 from -1.4 to -2
Impact assessment of adoption of IFRS 17 and
IFRS 9 on retained earnings
from 59.9 to 62.4 from 6.1 to 8.5
Impact assessment of adoption of IFRS 17 and
IFRS 9 on accumulated comprehensive income
-21.1 -1
Assessment of combined impact of adoption of IFRS 17 and
IFRS 9 on equity
from 38 to 41.3 from 5.1 to 7.5
The estimated amount of the non-financial risk ad
justment on reinsurance and insurance contracts
is between EUR 81 million and EUR 85 million at
the Group level and between EUR 26 million and
EUR 29 million for Sava Re.
As shown in the table above, the estimated impact of
the adoption of IFRS 9 and IFRS 17 as at 1 January
2022 is an increase in the Group's retained profit after
The stated assessment of the value impact of both
standards on equity and profit after taxes on 1 January
2023 and for the year 2022 may change mainly due
to:

adjustments to methodologies, accounting policies,
accounting estimates and other components that
affect calculations, including input data required for
the preparation of the final version of the financial
statements;
tax of between EUR 59.9 million and 62.4 million, and
for Sava Re between EUR 6.1 million and 8.5 million.

processes;
adjustments to accounting processes and the in
troduction of additional internal controls into these

• uncertainties regarding the tax treatment of the effects of the transition.

17.6.2 IFRS 17 "Insurance Contracts

On 13 May 2022, the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) published a public statement on the implementation of IFRS 17, encouraging issuers to apply the provisions of the standard in a consistent and high-quality manner when implementing the required changes to financial reporting. In its statement, ESMA requested that insurance companies inform users of their financial statements, in accordance with IAS 8, of the forthcoming changes related to the IFRS 17 accounting standard, in particular in comparison with existing accounting practices under IFRS 4.

In accordance with the ESMA requirements and IAS 8, the purpose of this section is to inform users of the Group's financial statements about the new requirements of the new accounting standard IFRS 17 and their expected impact on the Group's financial statements, taking into account the information available at the date of this report.

IFRS 17 implements a completely new concept of accounting for insurance contracts, which significantly changes the existing long-standing practices. The standard also fundamentally changes the way in which financial statements are prepared and the information they provide.

The most important changes in the measurement of insurance and reinsurance contracts under the new standard are as follows:

  • the introduction of new measurement models:
    • the general measurement model of insurance contracts issued and reinsurance contracts held, based on the prospective method;
    • the premium allocation approach, which is primarily designed to measure contracts with a duration of one year or less;
    • the mandatory model for measuring insurance contracts with direct participation features – variable fee approach;
  • the use of current, explicit, unbiased assumptions that reflect the entity's point of view to measure insurance contract liabilities,
  • taking into account the time value of money (discounting),
  • introducing a non-financial risk adjustment to explicitly capture uncertainty in cash flows on the performance of insurance contracts,
  • introduction of contractual service margins (CSM) for unearned future profit of a group of insurance contracts, which are allocated over the duration of the group of insurance contracts,
  • separate measurement of insurance contracts and reinsurance contracts held by the entity,
  • elimination of investment components from income and expenses,
  • separate presentation of the insurance service result, which only includes costs directly attributable to insurance contracts,
  • a separate presentation of the insurance finance result,

• the introduction of the other comprehensive income option to be used for measuring insurance liabilities, which reduces some volatility in profit or loss for insurers where financial assets are measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, in accordance with IFRS 9.

The standard has a significant effect on profit or loss dynamics, especially for long-term contracts, and disclosures are made on the current and expected profitability by type of insurance contract.

The implementation of the standard required significant changes in processes, actuarial models and redefinition of the classification of insurance contracts from all the different perspectives required by IFRS 17. It was also necessary to implement a completely new tool to support all the necessary calculations, in line with IFRS 17, to ensure quality input data from existing IT systems and to build an adequate database.

At Group level, a dedicated implementation task force was set up to implement IFRS 17 and has been active since 2018. In 2022, activities have been underway to complete the project, in particular validating new methodologies and guidelines for the valuation of insurance contracts, setting up new processes to ensure timely reporting, performing transition calculations and the impact of the transition, completing all necessary new disclosures, preparing comparable data for 2022, setting up new and adjusted indicators. Business processes have also changed significantly.

17.6.2.1 The key requirements of the standard and the selected accounting policies of the Group

The key requirements of IFRS 17 and the significant accounting policies chosen by the Group and the Company in the implementation of these requirements are presented below.

17.6.2.2 Scope of the policy

The Group and the Company apply IFRS 17 to:

  • insurance contracts, including reinsurance contracts issued,
  • reinsurance contracts held, and
  • investment contracts with discretionary participation features.

A contract is deemed an insurance contract if the issuer accepts significant insurance risk from another party by agreeing to compensate the other party if it is adversely affected by a specified uncertain future event (an insured event). A contract that transfers significant insurance risk from an insurance undertaking to a reinsurance undertaking is a reinsurance contract.

A set or series of insurance contracts with the same or a related counterparty may achieve, or be designed to achieve, a common commercial effect. In order to report the substance of such contracts, it is necessary to treat the set or series of contracts as a whole.

An insurance contract may contain one or more components that would be within the scope of another standard if they were separate contracts. These components include:

  • investment components,
  • service components,
  • embedded derivatives.

An investment component exists if an insurance contract requires the entity to repay an amount to a policyholder in all circumstances, regardless of whether an insured event occurs.

An investment component is separated from a host insurance contract if, and only if, that investment component is distinct. IFRS 9 is applied to account for a separated investment component unless it is an investment contract with discretionary participation features within the scope of IFRS 17.

The Group identifies investment components that cannot be separated from insurance contracts, mainly in traditional life insurance and unit-linked life insurance, as well as in reinsurance contracts with claims-related commission clauses.

The Group and the Company do not expect any significant changes in the classification of insurance and reinsurance contracts compared to IFRS 4.

17.6.2.3 Level of aggregation of insurance contracts into group of insurance contracts

The level of aggregation of insurance contracts into groups of insurance contracts (also known as units of account under IFRSs) is determined in accordance with the standard as follows:

  • Portfolios consist of contracts exposed to similar risks and managed together;
  • Groups of contracts: on initial recognition of contracts, the contracts in each contract portfolio are classified into groups of contracts according to:
    • policy year (annual cohorts),
    • profitability, specifically:
      • ∙ a group of contracts that are onerous upon initial recognition (unprofitable);
    • ∙ a group of contracts that, on initial recognition, are highly unlikely to become onerous subsequently, if any; and
    • ∙ a group of the remaining contracts, if any.

Because reinsurance contracts have different characteristics, it is deemed that each reinsurance contract constitutes a separate group of reinsurance contracts, except where several contracts are entered into for the purpose of common protection (e.g. bouquets of contracts).

The Group and the Company have determined the level of aggregation of insurance and reinsurance contracts into groups of (re)insurance contracts, and the method of measurement in accordance with the standard.

17.6.2.4 Contract boundaries

Insurance contracts

The Group and the Company include in the measurement of a group of insurance contracts all future cash flows that are within the boundary of each contract in the group. Cash flows are within the contract boundaries of the insurance contract if:

  • the contract issuer can compel the policyholder to pay the premiums,
  • the contract issuer has a substantive obligation to provide the policyholder with insurance contract services.

No liability or asset is recognised for amounts relating to expected premiums or expected claims outside the boundary of the insurance contract. Such amounts refer to future contracts.

If a contract requires the policyholder to renew or otherwise continue the contract, the Group and the Company assess whether the premiums and related cash flows that arise from the renewed contract are within the boundary of the original contract. When reassessing the contract boundaries, all risks that would be considered when underwriting equivalent contracts at the renewal date for the remaining service are taken into account.

Contract boundaries are reassessed at each balance sheet date and are subject to change.

Reinsurance contracts

When measuring reinsurance contracts, the Group and the Company include all cash flows within the boundary of the contract. Cash flows are within the contract boundary, if:

  • the contract holder can require the reinsurer to provide coverage and other services,
  • there is a significant obligation of the contract holder to pay a reinsurance premium to the reinsurer.

The contractual boundary of a reinsurance contract is determined by the date of the option to terminate or renew the contract, which is usually one year, or the agreed date of termination of the contract, whereby to determine the term of coverage of a particular reinsurance contract, the coverage of the underlying insurance contracts also needs to be taken into account.

17.6.2.5 Initial recognition of insurance and reinsurance contracts

Insurance contracts

The Group recognises a group of insurance contracts it issues from the earliest of the following:

  • the beginning of the coverage period of the group of contracts;
  • the date when the first payment from a policyholder in the group becomes due; and
  • for a group of onerous contracts, when the group becomes onerous.

Insurance contracts acquired in a transfer of contracts or in a business combination are recognised on the date of the transaction.

When an insurance contract is recognised, it is included in the group of insurance contracts to which it belongs according to its annual cohort and profitability. A group of insurance contracts is recognised upon recognition of the first contract that is part of the group.

Reinsurance contracts

The standard provides a slightly modified recognition approach for reinsurance contracts held by a Group company. Such a reinsurance contract is recognised on the earlier of the following dates:

  • the beginning of the coverage period of a group of reinsurance contracts held by the Group or the Company;
  • the date on which the underlying group of onerous insurance contracts is recognised if, on or before that date, a related reinsurance contract from the group of reinsurance contracts held has been entered into.

Notwithstanding the above provision, the recognition is delayed for a reinsurance contract that provides proportionate coverage until the date on which any underlying insurance contract is initially recognised if that date is later than the beginning of the coverage period of the reinsurance contract.

Reinsurance contracts acquired in a transfer of contracts or a business combination are recognised on the date of the transaction.

17.6.2.6 Measurement of insurance and reinsurance contracts

The basic method of measuring insurance and reinsurance contracts under IFRS 17 is the so-called general model or building block approach (BBA). The standard also allows for the use of a simplified measurement method in some cases – the premium allocation approach (PAA approach). The standard requires the mandatory use of the variable fee approach (VFA) in cases of a group of insurance contracts with direct participation features. Insurance contracts with direct participation features are contracts that meet the following criteria:

  • the contractual terms specify that the policyholder participates in a share of a clearly defined set of assets;
  • the contract issuer expects the policyholder to be paid an amount equal to a substantial share of the fair value returns on the defined set of assets;
  • the contract issuer expects a substantial portion of any changes in the amounts to be paid to the policyholder to vary with the change in the fair value of the defined set of assets.

17.6.2.6.1 The general measurement model (GMM) or building block approach (BBA)

Upon initial recognition, liabilities are measured at the level of the group of contracts, namely as the sum of:

  • fulfilment cash flows, which comprise:
  • estimates of future cash flows,
  • an adjustment to reflect the time value of money and the financial risks related to the future cash flows, to the extent that the financial risks are not included in the estimates of the future cash flows,
  • a risk adjustment for non-financial risk (RA),
  • the contractual service margin (CSM).

The fulfilment cash flows represent an explicit, unbiased and probability-weighted estimate of future cash flows within the contract boundary adjusted for changes in the time value of money and associated financial risks. They include cash flows attributable to the fulfilment of existing insurance contracts, as well as expectations regarding the future behaviour of the policyholders.

In accordance with the standard, estimates of expected cash flows are adjusted for the time value of money and the financial risk associated with these cash flows. The Group and the Company apply a bottom-up approach when calculating appropriate discount rates. The Group and the Company use a risk-free interest rate in the form of a swap curve plus a liquidity premium as the discount rate to be used in estimating future cash flows.

The adjustment for non-financial risk reflects the compensation required by the Group and the Company for bearing the uncertainty in the amount and timing of cash flows arising from non-financial risks.

The contractual service margin (CSM) represents the unearned profit under insurance contracts, which will be recognised during the provision of insurance services from these contracts in the future. The contractual service margin is recognised when the net present value of future cash flows is positive. It is determined in the amount of the excess of inflows over outflows, less an allowance for non-financial risk. A contractual service margin is determined to prevent the recognition of a gain on initial recognition of contracts. It is released over the term of the insurance contract in accordance with the dynamics of the provision of insurance contract services provided within the group of insurance contracts during the period. After initial recognition, the contractual service margin changes due to the recognition of new contracts during the period, interest on the carrying amount (measured at the discount rates at contract recognition), changes in fulfilment cash flows related to future services, the effect of foreign exchange differences, and the amount of insurance revenue recognised due to the performance of services during the period. After initial recognition, the contractual service margin for each group of insurance contracts is remeasured on the balance sheet date.

In the event of a transfer of insurance contracts or business combination, the consideration received or paid on the acquisition date is taken into account as a proxy for the premiums received on initial recognition of the contracts.

In the event of identified future losses arising out of a group of insurance contracts, when the net present value of future cash flows is negative, the loss is recognised in the current period. In the event of an onerous (unprofitable) group of contracts, the loss component is shown in the liability for remaining coverage.

The carrying amount of a group of insurance contracts at the end of each reporting period is the sum of:

  • the liability for remaining coverage comprising:
    • the fulfilment cash flows relating to future services allocated to the group at that date;
    • the contractual service margin of the group at that date; and
  • the liability for incurred claims, comprising the fulfilment cash flows related to past service allocated to the group at that date.

Liability for incurred claims represents the expected cash flows for claims and related costs that have already been incurred and have not yet been paid. The liability for incurred claims includes claims incurred but not yet reported (IBNR) and claims reported but not yet settled (RBNS).

When measuring liabilities under insurance contracts on the balance sheet date, the Group and the Company apply current estimates of future cash flows, current discount rates and current estimates of the risk adjustment for non-financial risk. Changes to these components affect the following items:

Impact
Change in CSM
Change in the insurance service result for the financial year
Change of insurance finance income and expenses
the Company identify an impairment loss, they adjust
the carrying amount of the asset and recognise the
impairment loss in profit or loss.
If the conditions for impairment no longer exist or have
improved, a reversal of part or all of the previously rec
ognised impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss
and the carrying amount of the asset is increased.
17.6.2.6.2
Variable fee approach – VFA
For direct participation contracts, e.g. unit-linked
and index-linked life insurance policies, and certain
with-profits contracts, IFRS 17 specifies a mandato
ry measurement model – the variable fee approach.
The approach is aligned with the general measurement
model for insurance contracts, with a significant differ
ence in the calculation of the contractual service mar
gin, as this approach takes into account the participa
tion of the contract issuer in the change in fair value of
the contractually defined set of assets. This approach
cannot be used in the measurement of reinsurance

17.6.2.6.3 Premium allocation approach (PAA)

For insurance contracts with a duration of cover of one year or less and for contracts, for which the Group and the Company reasonably expect that such simplification would produce a measurement of the liability for remaining coverage for the group that would not differ materially from the one that would be produced applying the general approach, a simpler measurement model – the premium allocation approach – can be applied. This simplified approach is similar to the method of calculating unearned premiums currently used to measure non-life insurance over the duration of the cover. Under this method, on initial recognition, the carrying amount of the liability for remaining coverage is equal to the premiums received minus any insurance acquisition cash flows at that date. On subsequent measurement, the liability is increased by the premiums received and decreased by the amount of insurance acquisition expenses and the amount recognised as insurance revenue in that period. Under the previous approach, a provision was made for unexpired risks in the event of a loss, whereas under IFRS 17, the loss component is determined using a modified general measurement model. Under the premium allocation approach, liabilities for remaining coverage are not discounted.

Even with the premium allocation approach, the Group and the Company do not consider the insurance acquisition cash flows as period costs but consider them in the fulfilment cash flows as attributable costs. Likewise, the future cash flows of liabilities for incurred claims are adjusted for the time value of money and the effect of financial risk.

17.6.2.6.4 Group reinsurance

The valuation methods for reinsurance contracts are the same as for insurance contracts.

In measuring reinsurance contracts, both issued and held by a Group company, cash flows are separated into those that are not claims-related (e.g. premiums and the related reinsurance commissions) and those that are claims-related (e.g. claims, sliding scale and profit commissions, renewal premiums). Therefore, when measuring reinsurance contracts issued, reinsurance commissions are subtracted from premium revenue, whereas expenses for claims are minus any renewal premiums, plus profit commission and plus or minus the sliding scale commission.

Reinsurance contracts held by Group companies are measured using consistent assumptions for groups of underlying insurance contracts. In this case, the future cash flows in the valuation of reinsurance contracts are increased by cash flow representing the effect of the risk of the reinsurer's non-performance, including the effects of collateral and losses from disputes. For reinsurance contracts held by Group companies, recovery of losses on underlying insurance contracts are recognised in accordance with the standard.

The risk adjustment for non-financial risk for reinsurance contracts represents the amount of risk being transferred by the insurer to the reinsurer.

In the valuation of reinsurance contracts held by a company, the unearned profit represented by the contractual service margin is replaced by the net gain or loss on purchasing the reinsurance.

Measurement – use of the Group's methods

The Group and the Company will use all three measurement models described, depending on the characteristics of insurance contracts:

  • As a rule, the Group and the Company will use the general measurement model (GMM). This model will be applied to all reinsurance contracts, insurance contracts of pension companies and most life insurance contracts.
  • A simplified measurement model (the premium allocation approach – PAA) will be used for non-life and accident insurance contracts with a duration of one year or less.
  • For direct participation contracts, such as unitlinked life insurance contracts, the Group will use the variable fee approach (VFA).

17.6.2.7 Significant accounting estimates in the measurement of insurance and reinsurance contracts

The following describes the key assumptions regarding the future that are sources of uncertainty and significant risks in the measurement of insurance and reinsurance contracts at the reporting date. Their change in subsequent reporting periods may lead to significant adjustments of the amounts of insurance and reinsurance contract assets and liabilities that the Group and the Company report in their financial statements at the reporting date. The Group and the Company base their assumptions and estimates on parameters that are available at the time the financial statements are prepared, but existing circumstances and assumptions about future periods are subject to change due to changes in the market or circumstances beyond the control of the Group or the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions as they occur. The Group and the Company break down the information for the disclosure of (re)insurance contracts issued separately.

Fulfilment cash flows

Fulfilment cash flows comprise:

  • estimates of future cash flows,
  • an adjustment to reflect the time value of money and financial risks related to the future cash flows, and
  • a risk adjustment for non-financial risk.

When estimating future cash flows, the Group and the Company primarily use forecasts based on deterministic forecasting models. For certain groups of contracts, stochastic techniques for modelling future cash flows are also used to supplement them. The objective of estimating future cash flows is to determine the expected value, or probability-weighted mean, of the full range of possible outcomes, considering all reasonable and supportable information available at the reporting date.

Cash flows within the insurance contract boundary are those that relate directly to the fulfilment of the contract, including cash flows for which the entity has discretion over the amount or timing. To assess the contract boundary specifying which future cash flows are included in the measurement of the contract, the Group's and the Company's substantive rights and obligations under the (re)insurance contract need to be assessed and considered.

When estimating future cash flows, the Group and the Company apply certain market and non-market variables or assumptions. Assumptions that cannot be reliably derived from market values are based on current estimates calculated using the Group's internal models and publicly available sources (demographic information from the local statistical office) and reflect historical experience, adjusted where necessary to reflect the Group's expected experience. When estimating future cash flows, assumptions regarding the mortality, morbidity, lapse and surrender rate are particularly important.

RA – risk adjustment for non-financial risk

The risk adjustment for non-financial risk is the compensation the Group and the Company require for bearing the uncertainty related to the amount and timing of the cash flows that arise from non-financial risk as they fulfil the contractual agreements. The risks covered by the risk adjustment for non-financial risk are insurance risk and other non-financial risks such as lapse risk and expense risk. The adjustment for non-financial risk reflects the estimated cost for which the Group and the Company could transfer the uncertainty related to non-financial risk to another party.

The Group and the Company assess the risk adjustment for non-financial risk using the confidence level technique (VaR, TVaR) to determine the maximum possible loss at a given confidence interval. The Group and the Company estimate that calculations will be made using a confidence interval of 75% to 85%.

Changes in the risk adjustment for non-financial risk will be fully reflected in the insurance service result.

Contractual service margin (CSM)

The amount of the contractual service margin for a group of insurance contracts is recognised in profit or loss in each period to reflect the insurance contract services provided under the group of insurance contracts in that period. The amount is determined by:

  • identifying the coverage units in the group. The number of coverage units in a group is the quantity of insurance contract services provided by the contracts in the group, determined by considering for each contract the quantity of benefits provided under a contract and its expected coverage period;
  • allocating the contractual service margin at the end of the period (before recognising any amounts in profit or loss to reflect the insurance contract services provided in the period) equally to each coverage unit provided in the current period and expected to be provided in the future;
  • recognising in profit or loss the amount allocated to coverage units provided in the period.

Most insurance contracts use the contractually agreed level of benefits or the sum insured or premiums earned as the basis for determining the coverage units. In the case of annuity insurance, the basis is the annual annuity, whereas for reinsurance contracts the earned or ceded reinsurance premium in the period is taken into account.

The aggregate units of cover of each group of insurance contracts are reassessed at the end of each reporting period by making adjustments for increases in coverage for newly recognised contracts and decreases in the remaining coverage for claims incurred, and for expected surrenders and cancellations during the period.

Expenses

Cash flows within the boundary of a contract also include expenses necessary to fulfil an insurance contract. Expenses that can be directly attributed to insurance contracts are as follows:

  • acquisition expenses that are directly related to the portfolio (product or policy);
  • claims handling and administration costs (investigating, processing and settling claims);
  • contract administration and maintenance costs;
  • other general expenses directly attributable to the fulfilment of insurance contracts.

Assumptions about operating costs reflect expectations about the development of expenses required to meet the obligations under valid insurance contracts and related activities. Past levels of costs are taken into account as an appropriate basis for estimating future costs. If necessary, the estimates are adjusted for expected inflation and planned costs in advance.

Cash flows within the contract boundary include both fixed and variable administrative costs that are directly attributable to the fulfilment of insurance contracts. Expenses that cannot be directly allocated to an insurance policy are allocated to groups of insurance contracts using methods that are systematic and rational and consistently applied to all expenses that have similar characteristics. Expenses that are not attributable to or not strictly necessary for the fulfilment of insurance contracts are directly recognised in the income statement outside the insurance service result when incurred.

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Discount rates

The Group and the Company adjust their estimates of expected cash flows for the time value of money and financial risks associated with these cash flows. The Group and the Company apply a bottom-up approach when calculating appropriate discount rates. The Group and the Company use a risk-free interest rate in the form of a swap curve plus a liquidity premium as the discount rate to be used in estimating future cash flows. The liquidity premium is determined on the basis of yield data for AAA-rated covered bonds and a multiple of the liquidity premium. The multiple of the liquidity premium is determined by taking into account the characteristics of the groups of insurance contracts. Cash flows that vary based on the returns of the contractually defined set of assets are discounted using rates that reflect this variability. Discount interest rates are set at each balance sheet date.

Investment component

The investment component represents the amounts that will be paid to the insured in all circumstances, regardless of whether the insured event occurs or not. An investment component is separated from the insurance contract only if the conditions prescribed by the standard requiring the independence or unbundling of the investment and insurance components are met.

If the investment component and the insurance component are interrelated, both components are valued in the scope of IFRS 17, and the effect of the investment part is excluded from the insurance revenue and insurance service expenses.

17.6.2.8 Presentation and disclosure

The introduction of IFRS 17 will significantly change the presentation and disclosure of assets and liabilities, income and expenses arising from insurance and reinsurance contracts. The layout of financial statements will also change significantly.

Thus, instead of the previous items of premiums earned, claims incurred and changes in technical provisions, the income statement will include the following items: insurance revenue, insurance service expenses, revenue and expenses arising from reinsurance contracts, and (re)insurance finance income and expenses.

In the statement of financial position, the previous items of technical provisions are replaced by insurance and reinsurance contract assets and liabilities. In addition, in the statement of financial position, the previous receivables and liabilities relating to direct insurance business will be part of insurance contract assets and liabilities and will not be shown as separate line items. The same applies to deferred acquisition costs, which will no longer be reported as an intangible asset but will be implicitly included in the contractual service margin.

(Re)insurance contract assets and liabilities The statement of financial position will present separately the carrying amounts of the following portfolios:

  • insurance contracts issued that are assets;
  • insurance contracts issued that are liabilities;
  • reinsurance contracts held by the Group and the Company that are assets;
  • reinsurance contracts held by the Group and the Company that are liabilities.

The Group and the Company will include any assets or liabilities for insurance acquisition cash flows or other cashflows for as yet unrecognised contracts in the carrying amount of the portfolios of insurance contracts issued, and any assets or liabilities for cash flows related to as yet unrecognised portfolios of reinsurance contracts in the carrying amount of the portfolios of reinsurance contracts.

Insurance revenue and insurance service expenses

The Group and the Company disaggregate the amounts recognised in the income statement and the statement of other comprehensive income (OCI) into:

  • the insurance service result, which consists of insurance revenue and insurance service expenses; and
  • insurance financial income or expenses.

The Group and the Company will present separately the results of insurance and reinsurance contracts.

Insurance revenue will depict the provision of services arising from a group of insurance contracts, i.e. an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for the services provided. Insurance service expenses will represent incurred claims and expenses and other expenses related to insurance services. Both insurance revenue and insurance service expenses will not include an investment component.

The Group and the Company will determine insurance revenue related to insurance acquisition cash flows by allocating the portion of the premiums that relate to recovering those cash flows to each reporting period in a systematic way on the basis of the passage of time. The Company and the Group will recognise the same amount as insurance service expenses.

If the PAA method is used to evaluate liabilities for future coverage, the insurance revenue will be the amount of the expected premiums, excluding any investment component relating to the reporting period. The allocation of the premium by period will be even over the duration of the cover, except for insurance contracts where the amount of insurance coverage changes during period of cover (decrease in the amount of insurance coverage in the case of credit insurance and increase in the amount of insurance coverage in the case of construction and erection insurance).

Finance income and expenses

Finance income and expenses arising from insurance and reinsurance contracts comprise the change in the carrying amount of a group of contracts resulting from the effect of the time value of money. The standard allows part of the stated change to be shown among finance income and expenses in profit or loss, while part of the change is shown in other comprehensive income. The Group and the Company will use the above option to split the effect of financial assumptions, which is expected to reduce accounting mismatches and contribute to lower volatility in profit or loss.

Disclosures

The standard requires detailed additional disclosures that, together with information from the statement of financial position, the income statement and the statement of cash flows, provide a basis on which users of the financial statements can assess the effect of contracts within the scope of IFRS 17 on an entity's financial position, financial performance and cash flows. To achieve that objective, it will be necessary to disclose qualitative and quantitative information about the amounts recognised in the financial statements for contracts within the scope of IFRS 17. In addition, it will also be necessary to disclose information about significant judgements and changes in those judgements in applying IFRS 17 and the nature and extent of the risks inherent in contracts within the scope of IFRS 17.

17.6.2.9 Transition

The Group and the Company performed an evaluation for each unit of account in order to assess the possible transitional approaches provided by the standard. As required, the fully retrospective approach was adopted unless it was considered impracticable for the unit of account under consideration. In all other cases either the modified retrospective or the fair value approach were adopted instead.

The Group and the Company will not disclose quantitative information about the amount of the settlement for the current period and for each prior period presented for each line item in the financial statements and earnings per share reported.

Full retrospective approach

At the transition date of 1 January 2022, the Group and the Company will:

  • determine, recognise and measure each group of insurance contracts, as if IFRS 17 had always applied;
  • determine, recognise and measure all assets for insurance acquisition cash flows, as if IFRS 17 had always applied;
  • derecognise any existing balances that would not exist had IFRS 17 always applied; and
  • recognise any resulting net difference in equity.

Modified retrospective approach

The objective of the modified retrospective approach is to achieve the closest outcome to the full retrospective approach; therefore, the Group and the Company will use all reasonable and supportable information available applying such an approach. Accordingly, in applying this approach, they will, to the greatest extent possible, use the information they would use in the full retrospective approach.

The reasons for applying the modified retrospective or fair value approach are as follows:

  • cash flow data are not available in an appropriate format or at an appropriate level of granularity;
  • the information necessary to define fixed and variable expenses relating to groups of insurance contracts is not available;
  • information on assumptions and estimates as well as on changes to those assumptions and estimates is not available;
  • data for calculating the risk adjustment for non-financial risk are not available;
  • data on contract profitability expectations and contract-related risks are not available.

Fair value approach

When using the fair value approach, the Group and the Company will, based on the information available at the transition date:

  • define groups of insurance contracts;
  • assess whether an insurance contract meets the definition of an insurance contract with direct participation features; and
  • define discretionary cash flows for insurance contracts without direct participation features.

When using the fair value approach, the Group and the Company will determine the contractual service margin or the loss component of the liability for remaining coverage as the difference between the fair value of the group of insurance contracts and the value of the expected cash flows (including a risk adjustment for non-financial risk) measured at the transition date.

17.6.3 IFRS 9 "Financial Instruments"

On 1 January 2023, the Group and the Company will initially apply IFRS 9 "Financial Instruments", which replaces IAS 39. Entities started applying the new standard IFRS 9 no later than the beginning of the first financial year, which began on or after 1 January 2018, except for insurance undertakings that qualified for a deferral of IFRS 9 until the financial year beginning on or after 1 January 2023. The reason for delaying the date of initial application by insurance companies is the adoption of a new standard for insurance contracts (IFRS 17). The Group and the Company have met the conditions for deferring the first application of IFRS 9 and have exercised the option to temporarily delay the application of the standard until 1 January 2023.

The Group and the Company will therefore apply IFRS 9 for the first time in the preparation of its financial statements on 1 January 2023 and present comparative information for 2022.

17.6.3.1 Classification of financial assets

In accordance with IFRS 9, the Group and the Company classify financial instruments on the basis of both their business models for managing the financial assets and the contractual cash flow characteristics of their financial asset. The standard introduces three new categories for measuring financial assets:

  • at amortised cost (AC)
  • at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) and
  • at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL).

These measurement categories for financial assets replace the previous categories of held-to-maturity financial assets, loans and receivables and available-for-sale financial assets as defined under IAS 39, while the FVTPL category remains unchanged.

The business model for managing financial assets reflects the management of a group of financial assets to achieve certain objectives. The management of such a group of financial assets is based on:

  • the nature of the company's liabilities supported by any investment portfolio;
  • how the performance of a business model and the financial assets held within that business model are evaluated and reported to the entity's key management personnel;
  • the risks that affect the performance of the business model (and the financial assets held within that business model) and, in particular, the way in which those risks are managed; and
  • how managers of the business are compensated.

The business model is determined based on a consideration of the main factors mentioned above that influence the purpose of achieving the asset management objectives.

IFRS 9 defines the following business models:

  • a business model whose objective is to hold assets in order to collect contractual cash flows (hereafter referred to as the hold-to-collect model),
  • a business model whose objective is to both collect contractual cash flows and sell financial assets (hereafter referred to as the hold-to-collect-andsell model) and
  • other business models.

As discussed above, the Group and the Company will classify financial instruments based on both the identified business model and the contractual cash flow characteristics of their financial assets.

A financial asset is measured at amortised cost (AC) if both of the following conditions are met:

  • the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows; and
  • the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

A financial asset is measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) if both of the following conditions are met:

  • the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and
  • the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

A financial asset is measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) if:

  • it is a debt instrument and does not fall into one of the above measurement categories (AC/FVOCI);
  • it is an equity instrument and is not designated for measurement at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI option);
  • it eliminates or significantly reduces an "accounting mismatch";
  • it is a derivative.

Equity instruments are primarily classified for measurement through fair value through profit and loss. Notwithstanding the above provisions, an entity may make an irrevocable election, at initial recognition, for particular investments in equity instruments that would otherwise be measured at fair value through profit or loss to present subsequent changes in fair value in other comprehensive income. This is true, when such equity instruments are not held for trading. With such designation, all changes in value, as well as profit or loss that occur with selling the investment, are recognized in other comprehensive income, which is not true for default FVOCI measurement (for other types of investments), where the profit and loss that occur with selling the investment, are recognized in profit and loss.

Despite the provisions of the standard regarding the classification of financial assets, an entity may, at initial recognition, irrevocably designate a financial asset as measured at fair value through profit or loss if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency (an "accounting mismatch") that would otherwise arise from measuring assets or liabilities or recognising the gains and losses on them on different bases.

Impact assessment:

Under IAS 39, the Group and the Company classify most of their financial assets in the form of debt securities as available for sale (AFS). Under IFRS 9, the Group and the Company will classify these financial assets into one of the following categories, depending on the circumstances: at fair value through other comprehensive income or at fair value through profit or loss.

Most of the equity instruments classified as available for sale under IAS 39 will be classified as at fair value through profit or loss under IFRS 9, while there is an option to designate shares and participations at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) under the standard. The Group companies will classify equity instruments primarily into the measurement at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL).

Other types of investments classified as available for sale under IAS 39, such as units in collective investment undertakings, ETFs, alternative funds, etc., will be classified as measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) under IFRS 9.

Debt instruments, such as bonds, that were classified as available for sale (AFS) under IAS 39, will be classified as FVOCI under IFRS 9 if these instruments pass the SPPI test. A financial asset passes the SPPI test to the extent its contractual cash flows consist solely of payments of principal and interest on the principal amounts outstanding. New debt investments will primarily be classified as FVOCI if they pass the SPPI test, which means that the principal amount is the fair value of the financial asset at initial recognition. Interest consists of consideration for the time value of money, for the credit risk associated with the principal amount outstanding during a particular period of time and for other basic lending risks and costs, as well as a profit margin.

Held-to-maturity financial assets, such as deposits with a maturity of more than 3 months, debt securities, loans and receivables that are measured at amortised cost under IAS 39, will also be measured at amortised cost under IFRS 9.

For the majority of the Group's financial assets supporting unit-linked life insurance contracts, the Group and the Company apply, under IAS 39, an irrevocable designation at initial recognition to measure financial assets at fair value through profit or loss because this eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency ("accounting mismatch"). The Group and the Company will also apply the classification and measurement method described above to financial assets when applying IFRS 9.

As most financial assets are measured at fair value under both IAS 39 and IFRS 9, the Group and the Company do not expect any material impact from the classification of financial assets.

Estimated classification of financial assets (Sava Re)

Classification of financial investments under IAS 38 Value under IAS 39 as Remeasurement of expected credit losses Value under IFRS 9 as
EUR million Classification of financial investments under IFRS 9 at 31 Dec 2021 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 at 1 Jan 2022
Investments in loans at amortised cost Investments in loans at amortised cost 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5
Held-to-maturity investments Investments at amortised cost 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8
Available-for-sale investments Assets at fair value through other comprehensive income 271.8 -0.2 -0.2 0.0 271.8
Available-for-sale investments Investments at fair value through profit or loss 31.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 31.7
Additional impact due to model change Impact of change in model valuation of investments at fair value through profit or
loss
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5
Investments at fair value Investments at fair value through profit or loss 9.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.3
Deposits with cedants Investments are classified as IFRS 17 investments 9.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total financial investments under IAS 39 327.8 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 319.6

Estimated classification of financial assets (Sava Insurance Group)

Classification of financial investments under IAS 38 Value under IAS 39 as Remeasurement of expected credit losses Value under IFRS 9 as
EUR million Classification of financial investments under IFRS 9 at 31 Dec 2021 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 at 1 Jan 2022
Investments in deposits at amortised cost Investments in deposits at amortised cost 18.6 -0.3 0.0 0.0 18.2
Investments in loans, advances at amortised cost Investments are classified as IFRS 17 investments 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Investments in loans at amortised cost Investments in loans at amortised cost 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5
Held-to-maturity investments Investments at amortised cost 40.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 40.0
Available-for-sale investments (debt) Investments at fair value through other comprehensive income (debt) 1,233.9 -1.8 -1.0 0.0 1,233.9
Available-for-sale investments (debt) Investments at fair value through profit or loss 7.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.5
Available-for-sale investments (equity) Investments at fair value through other comprehensive income option (equity) 21.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 21.4
Available-for-sale investments Investments at fair value through profit or loss 105.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 105.7
Additional impact due to model change Impact of change in model valuation of investments at fair value through profit or
loss
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9
Investments at fair value Investments at fair value through profit or loss 34.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 34.4
Deposits with cedants Investments are classified as IFRS 17 investments 9.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total financial investments under IAS 39 1,472.7 -2.3 -1.0 0.0 1,464.4
Assets held for the benefit of policyholders who bear the
investment risk
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Investments in deposits at amortised cost Investments in deposits at amortised cost 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0
Held-to-maturity investments Investments at amortised cost 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1
Available-for-sale investments Assets at fair value through other comprehensive income 60.9 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 60.9
Available-for-sale investments Investments at fair value through profit or loss 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0
Investments at fair value Investments at fair value through profit or loss 448.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 448.5
Total assets held for the benefit of policyholders who bear the inv. risk 517.4 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 517.4
Total financial investments under IFRS 9 1,990.1 -2.5 -1.1 0.0 1,981.8

17.6.3.2 Classification of financial liabilities

The provisions for classifying financial liabilities are the same under IAS 39 and IFRS 9. In accordance with the standard, the Group and the Company classify all financial liabilities as subsequently measured at amortised cost, except as specified in the standard. In those cases, financial liabilities are measured at fair value through profit or loss.

The Group and the Company will, at initial recognition, irrevocably designate liabilities under financial contracts as measured at fair value through profit or loss when this results in more relevant information because it eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency ("accounting mismatch") that would otherwise arise from measuring assets or liabilities or recognising the related gains and losses on different bases. IAS 39 requires that the entire change in fair value on those liabilities be recognised in profit or loss. Whereas under IFRS 9:

  • the amount of change in the fair value of the financial liability that is attributable to changes in the credit risk of that liability are presented in other comprehensive income;
  • the remaining amount of change in the fair value of the liability is presented in profit or loss unless the treatment of the effects of changes in the liability's credit risk may create or enlarge an accounting mismatch in profit or loss. In such a case, the entity presents any gains and losses on that liability in profit or loss.

Impact assessment:

The Group and the Company do not expect any material impact from the requirements of the standard described above because they are liabilities with a unit-linking feature whereby the amount due to investors is contractually determined on the basis of the performance of specific assets. The effect of that unit-linking feature on the fair value of the liability is asset-specific performance risk, not credit risk.

17.6.3.3 Measuring impairment

17.6.3.3.1 General approach

IFRS 9 also provides that an entity must not reclassify any financial liability. amount of the financial asset in the statement of financial position.

IFRS 9 introduces the concept of an expected credit loss based on the expected future solvency of the debtor. An entity must recognise a loss allowance for expected credit losses on a financial asset that is measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income, on a lease receivable, a contract asset or a loan commitment and a financial guarantee contract.

An entity must also apply the impairment requirements for the recognition and measurement of a loss allowance for financial assets that are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income. However, the loss allowance must be recognised in other comprehensive income and must not reduce the carrying

Subject to the standard, at each reporting date, an entity must measure the loss allowance for a financial instrument at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses if the credit risk on that financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. The credit risk of a financial instrument has not significantly increased since initial recognition, if the financial instrument is determined to have a low credit risk at the reporting date and has an investment grade credit rating. Increased credit risk is connected with non-investment grade instruments for which the rating falls by 3 notches.

Subject to the standard, if, at the reporting date, the credit risk on a financial instrument has not increased significantly since initial recognition, an entity must measure the loss allowance for that financial instrument at an amount equal to 12-month expected credit losses.

At each reporting date, an entity assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition. To make this assessment, an entity must use reasonable and supportable forward-looking information, that is available without undue cost or effort, that is indicative of significant increases in credit risk since initial recognition.

An entity may assume that the credit risk on a financial instrument has not increased significantly enough to be classified from Stage 1 to Stage 2 since initial recognition if the financial instrument is determined to have low credit risk at the reporting date.

The transition to Stage 3 is carried out if one of the following criteria is met:

  • at least one of the credit rating agencies assesses that the issue or the issuer is in default (technical defaul– - late payment by the borrower is excluded);
  • a delay in the payment of the contractual amount of principal or interest for more than 30 days (for bonds it is higher than 15 days, which does not arise from technical problems or force majeure), unless the contract or prospectus stipulates otherwise and such delay is not considered as default or significant increase in credit risk or risk of non-payment (payment deferral);
  • the delay in payment of the contractual amount for loans is greater than 90 days.

17.6.3.3.2 Measurement of expected credit losses

Expected credit losses are a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses (i.e. the present value of all cash shortfalls) over the expected life of the financial instrument. A cash shortfall is the difference between the cash flows that are due to an entity in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the entity expects to receive. Because expected credit losses consider the amount and timing of payments, a credit loss arises even if the entity expects to be paid in full but later than when contractually due.

Expected credit losses are determined based on historical data on recoverability, expected macroeconomic trends and certain other factors that indicate the expected solvency of a debtor. The main input parameters for determining credit losses are the probability of default (PD), the loss given default (LGD) and the exposure at default (EAD). The expected credit loss is the product of the expected probability of default, the expected loss given default and the expected exposure at the time of default.

The expected credit loss also depends on the stage of the asset. In this respect, the standard divides loss allowances and the expected credit loss calculation into three stages:

  • Stage 1: for assets for which credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition, expected 12-month credit losses are calculated.
  • Stage 2: for assets for which credit risk has in-

creased significantly since initial recognition, lifetime expected credit losses are calculated.

• Stage 3: for assets that are credit-impaired or in default, the lifetime expected credit loss is calculated and considers appropriate PD as well as expected cash flows stemming from proceeds from sale, etc., but at the net carrying amount (the gross carrying amount less impairment loss).

Assets are classified into stages based on external or internal credit ratings and taking into account the number of days past due. An internal credit rating is calculated based on an internal credit risk model. The credit model is based on the analysis of market data and on verification and comparison of market data with expected values for each investment. To determine an internal rating, model uses several analysis: the analysis of probability of default (PD), the analysis of z-spread, the analysis of hazard rate, the analysis and comparison of option-adjusted spread (OAS), and the analysis of existing credit ratings. For the purposes of calculating the necessary indicators on the basis of which the internal assessment is determined, static data on a certain day are used.

The PD parameter will be obtained from Moody's rating reports, where long-term averages of default rates and transition matrices from initial to final rating over a given period can be obtained. The reports are usually separate for corporate bonds and government bonds, and the data is updated once a year. The underlying data will be adjusted based on expectations for the economic situation, thus achieving the forward-looking approach required by the standard.

The standard provides no guidance how to determine loss given default (LGD) or the recovery rate (RR), which is why the Group and the Company will follow established practice and use data provided by credit rating agencies annually calculated based on historic data and published in reports. Such reports would usually contain a section on corporate and one on government bonds. Due to ease of access and the comprehensive presentation of default rates in reports, the Group's and the Company's methodology will focus on the credit rating agency Moody's, while comparative information can also be obtained from the reports prepared by S&P Global Ratings.

The EAD parameter represents the expected exposure at default. The Group and the Company will obtain this information from their internal information system.

Impact assessment:

At the date of transition, on 1 January 2023, and in 2022 the Group and the Company will recognise impairment losses on financial assets in accordance with the expected credit loss model. The estimated impact for the Group as of 1 January 2022 is estimated at EUR 2.5 million.

17.6.3.4 Transition

The Group and the Company will first apply IFRS 9 on 1 January 2023. The Group and the Company will also prepare comparative financial statements for the 2022 financial year in accordance with IFRS 9. The Group and the Company will use the "classification overlay approach" described below to prepare comparative data for 2022.

At the date of initial application, the Group and the Company will:

  • assess whether a financial asset meets the conditions for classification, considering the business model and contractual cash flow characteristics specified in paragraphs 4.1.2(a) or 4.1.2 A(a) on the basis of the facts and circumstances that exist at that date. The resulting classification applies retrospectively irrespective of the entity's business model in prior reporting periods;
  • designate a financial asset as measured at fair value through profit or loss in accordance with paragraph 4.1.5 of the standard;
  • designate an investment in an equity instrument as measured at fair value through other comprehensive income in accordance with paragraph 5.7.5 of the standard;
  • designate a financial liability as measured at fair value through profit or loss in accordance with paragraph 4.2.2(a) of the standard;
  • assess whether a financial asset is in a low credit risk category.

Impact assessment:

of financial assets in accordance with the expected and will not affect the investment balance, and the pany.

Such assessment or designation will be made on the basis of the facts and circumstances that exist at the date of initial application. The Group and the Company will apply this classification retrospectively. In order to provide comparable data for 2022 and on 1 January 2023, which is the date of first application of IFRS 9, the company implemented an impairment credit loss model, which amounts to EUR 0.3 million on 1 January 2022, which will fully be included in the reduced amount of retained earnings. Of the stated amount, EUR 0.2 million refers to financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income and EUR 0.1 million to financial investments at amortised cost. For financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income, the impact of expected credit losses will be shown in other comprehensive income net effect on the capital of the insurance company, together with the change in retained earnings, will be equal to 0. For financial assets at amortised cost, the impairment mentioned above will result in a decrease in the asset balance and in retained earnings of the Com-As of 1 January 2022, part of the surplus from the revaluation of investments in the amount of EUR 4.3 million refers to investments that, according to IFRS 9, will be reclassified from investments available for sale to the group of investments valued at fair value through profit or loss. On the transition date, the company also checked for permanent impairments and eliminated them in accordance with IFRS 9, from which a net increase in retained earnings as of 1 January 2022 in the amount of EUR 8.9 million was shown. After the reclassification of available-for-sale investments into the group of investments valued at fair value through profit or loss and after the elimination of permanent impairments as of 1 January 2022 according to IAS 39, taking into account the aforementioned amounts, the total effect on the retained profit or loss of the insurance company is negative in the amount of EUR 4.7 million. Upon the transition to IFRS 9, the company changed the method of valuing non-market equity investments, which were valued at cost according to IAS 39, and established a model valuation for them using market inputs. The net increase in retained earnings from this is EUR 1.5 million.

17.7 Risk management133

The main risk categories that the Group is exposed to are:

  • insolvency risk,
  • underwriting risks (non-life underwriting risks, life underwriting risks, health underwriting risks),
  • financial risks (market risks, liquidity risks, credit risks, risk of failure to realise guaranteed returns),
  • operational risk, and
  • strategic risk.

The table on the righ shows a summary of risks in 2022.

Below is a review of risks in terms of the potential volatility of business results and the resulting impact on the financial statements of the Group and Sava Re. The potential impact of an extreme internal or external risk materialising and its impact on the Group's and Sava Re's solvency position is addressed in the Solvency and Financial Condition Report of the Sava Insurance Group for 2022, which will be posted on the Sava Re website on 12 May 2023, and in the Solvency and Financial Condition Report of Sava Re d.d. for 2022, which will be posted on the Company's website on 6 April 2023.

Risk profile of Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re

Risks Summary of risks in 2022 Risk described in section
Insolvency risk The Group and the Company ensure an adequate level of excess capital. During 2022, the Group's capital adequacy
in accordance with the Solvency II standard formula remained within the target capital range as defined in the risk
strategy and well above regulatory requirements. Throughout 2022, Sava Re's capital adequacy was consistently assessed
to be above the optimal level of the solvency ratio as defined in the risk strategy and significantly above regulatory
requirements.
17.7.2
Underwriting risks According to capital requirements, the Group's most important risks include non-life, life, and health underwriting
risks. Risks are adequately managed, but the exposure to non-life and life insurance underwriting risks is slightly higher
relative to the previous year. Sava Re is predominantly exposed to non-life underwriting risks, which were slightly higher
in 2022 than the previous year due to claims inflation. Life underwriting risks were slightly higher due to unfavourable
macroeconomic conditions.
17.7.3
Financial risks The Group and the Company ensure the appropriate management of financial risks. Exposure to these risks is actively
monitored and managed, and adequate diversification of the investment portfolio and management of assets and liabilities
are ensured. Financial risks were slightly higher than the previous year due to the unfavourable macroeconomic and
geopolitical situation in 2022. The investment policy was adapted to the changed circumstances. The Group and the
Company maintain a sufficient level of highly liquid investments.
17.7.4
Operational risks The Group and the Company actively manage operational risks by continuously improving the internal control
environment and processes. Operational risks were slightly higher than the previous year mainly on account of a slight
increase in cyber-risk in 2022.
17.7.5
Strategic risks Due to an uncertain macroeconomic environment and the geopolitical situation, strategic risks are an important risk
category for the Group and Sava Re. These risks were higher than the previous year, which was mainly the consequence
of events in 2022 and the resulting uncertainty regarding future developments. The strategic risks section also discusses
sustainability risk and climate change risk. The Group and Sava Re endeavour to limit the risks sufficiently and effectively
respond and adapt to the changes in the environment.
17.7.6

17.7.1 Main challenges and associated risks

17.7.1.1 Macroeconomic and geopolitical environment

At the beginning of 2022, the Sava Insurance Group examined the business implications of the war in Ukraine and assessed that these circumstances do not have a considerable direct impact on its business results due to very low investment exposure to war-affected countries and due to limited exposures arising from the (re)insurance business.

In contrast, the indirect impact of the war was significantly higher, with rising prices of raw materials (in particular energy sources), a high inflation rate and rising interest rates significantly affecting the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re business operations in 2022. Further uncertainty was added by increased tensions over Taiwan and the difficulties of the economy in China, where it seems increasingly likely that the property bubble is about to burst, while the economy is also impacted by the country's zero tolerance to Covid-19. These factors substantially increased the likelihood of economic slowdown or even recession. Taken together, they were reflected in the upshift of the risk-free interest curve, the opening of credit spreads and negative stock market trends. Movements in capital markets will continue to be strongly influenced by central banks' actions aimed at getting inflation under control, as well as by the increasing likelihood of an economic downturn.

Macroeconomic volatility resulting from rapidly rising interest rates was reflected above all in the valuation of debt-based assets, which recorded their historically highest fall in value in 2022. The precarious economic situation and a growing likelihood of a recession had a negative impact on the valuation of equity investments, which recorded negative value development in 2022. The result of these factors was a material reduction in the value of the Group's investment portfolio in 2022. The decrease in the value of assets was largely due to the reduced value of debt securities mainly resulting from inflationary pressures and the related rise in riskfree interest rates.

In 2022, the Sava Insurance Group adopted measures to reduce the investment portfolio risk and will continue to carefully monitor the macroeconomic and geopolitical situation and developments in capital markets, taking appropriate measures to adapt to new circumstances.

In terms of inflation, 2022 saw a significantly higher risk of declining profitability in non-life insurance, which reflected the increase in average claims that was primarily seen in motor and property insurance. In the first stage, the most significant effects were seen in the Slovenian market, which reacted relatively quickly by raising premiums accordingly. Zavarovalnica Sava followed suit by adapting its insurance products for which claims inflation was perceived. Technical provisions also went up, depending on the estimated effects. We established a system for monitoring claims inflation

and reporting through regular risk reports. Inflationary pressures have also been perceived in other markets where the Group operates and in the reinsurance segment, which therefore remains one of the main challenges in the future. The reinsurance markets have reacted by raising rates, which has a positive impact on inwards reinsurance contract underwriting in Sava Re. However, this makes it difficult to obtain adequate reinsurance coverage for the transfer of risks or leads to substantially higher prices of such coverage.

Despite the challenging environment, both the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re achieved most of their plans in 2022, which is reflected in good business results that are consistent with the plans.

The Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re monitored the impact on the solvency ratio on a quarterly basis in 2022. Solvency ratio assessments demonstrate that the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re solvency ratio remains well above the level required by law in 2022 and is consistent with the internal criteria.

Despite unfavourable macroeconomic and geopolitical circumstances, neither the Sava Insurance Group nor Sava Re suffered liquidity problems in 2022. Sava Re has a highly liquid portfolio of financial investments, which are used for the repayment of liabilities from insurance and other contracts. To ensure liquidity, Sava Re maintains a large share of its investment portfolio invested in government bonds, cash and demand deposits. The Group companies have adequate liquidity positions. In addition to their own sources of liquidity, they keep credit lines with Sava Re as a secondary source of liquidity.

A higher global inflation rate, unstable supply chains as well as military conflicts and tensions in Europe and Asia are feeding the uncertainty in the Group's operations. The continuation and escalation of these events or an occurrence of similar new events could increase the systemic risks that might materialise as a result of more significant fluctuations in financial markets, geopolitical tensions, changes in consumer behaviour and an unfavourable macroeconomic environment. The Group manages risks through ongoing monitoring of the situation in the market and by adopting timely decisions, while simultaneously ensuring adequate diversification of the investment portfolio and a sufficient percentage of highly liquid assets to meet extraordinary liquidity needs.

The Group also analyses the effects of extreme events in its own risk and solvency assessment (hereinafter ORSA). The basis for conducting the 2023 ORSA (which was reported to the regulator in March 2023) is the business plan of Sava Re and the Sava Insurance Group for 2023 confirmed in December 2022, and the financial projections for 2024 and 2027. The capital adequacy projections in the 2023 ORSA confirmed that, over the entire strategy period, the solvency position was compliant with both statutory provisions and Group/Company internal rules, ensuring continuous and adequate liquidity.

As part of ORSA, the Group also analysed the impact of increased geopolitical and economic risks on its business operations and solvency under the scenarios of a higher inflation rate, negative developments in the business environment, climate change and a supply chain breakdown resulting from a military conflict in Asia.

Scenario analyses showed that both the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re have a robust solvency ratio resilient to various adverse scenarios as the solvency remains well above the regulatory level even if a scenario materialises.

17.7.1.2 Climate change and transition to sustainable business

Having a direct and indirect impact on their business activity, climate change is a significant sustainability risk for the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re, so it is of key importance for the Group's operations that this risk is monitored and managed. Climate change is a serious risk for society and the economy, but also for the business of insurance and reinsurance companies. Global temperatures are now about 1° C above pre-industrial levels, and without appropriate mitigation strategies put in place, global warming could reach 3° C or more by the end of this century.

The Group monitors climate risk, including physical and transition risks. Physical risks are those that arise from the physical effects of climate change. Transition risks

are those that arise from the transition to a low-carbon and climate-resilient economy.

Given its activity, physical risks are extremely important for the Group, and the harmful effects of global warming on natural and human systems are already visible today. Without further international climate action, the average global temperature will continue to rise, and so will the unpredictability of damage associated with the risk of natural disasters. This will result in higher underwriting risk and the need to change business strategies.

Also significant for the Group is transition risk, which relates to potential material negative impact on the value of investments and other significant effects on its business operations.

Both transition risk and physical risks are and will continue to be extremely important for the Group and its companies, so they are subject to constant Group-level monitoring. Climate risk was also (qualitatively and quantitatively) analysed in the ORSA.

In 2022, the Group conducted intense preparations for the next strategy period and developed a sustainable development strategy for the 2023–2027 period. We are aware that the Group's transition to sustainable business brings numerous challenges and risks. We have established a risk-monitoring system in view of sustainable development and social responsibility, and related

reporting. Much attention was also paid to the efficient and meaningful implementation of sustainability legislation.

17.7.1.3 Covid-19 pandemic

In the first half of 2022, the measures to mitigate the pandemic had specific impacts on the Group companies' operations, but the situation was more or less back to normal in the second half of the year. Hybrid work, which combines working from home with office work, has become a well-established practice in Group companies. In line with the new work model, we also made certain technical adjustments to ensure enhanced protection of the operation of information systems, which have become more vulnerable with the new work regime. Our customer service also saw certain adaptations during the pandemic and, consequently, most underwriting and claims settlement services can now be conducted remotely.

Covid-19 did not have a significant adverse impact on business results in 2022.

With regard to business interruption due to Covid-19 in the market of Ireland, Zavarovalnica Sava took legal action in the first half of 2021. The Court considered the action as a "test case" as part of the Central Bank of Ireland's special supervision of Covid-19 and business interruption coverage. The high court upheld the insurer's position that the Zavarovalnica Sava insurance policy for business interruption and/or loss of licence does

not cover Covid-19 related claims, which significantly affects further Covid-19 related business interruption claims against Zavarovalnica Sava. Zavarovalnica Sava sent the information on the court judgement to the affected policyholders.

In the future, we do not expect major Covid-19-related effects on Group companies' business and operations. Risks are monitored as part of regular risk monitoring and reporting.

Should the situation deteriorate again, the Group has prepared a plan and instructions that define four phases of conduct, depending on the situation, and are intended to reduce risks and facilitate planning of work activities under different circumstances.

17.7.1.4 Risk assessment and the going-concern assumption

For the past three years, the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re have been operating in a challenging external environment. This difficult period began in 2020 with Covid-19 and continued with direct and indirect impacts of the pandemic in 2021. The most profound impact in 2022 was the war in Ukraine as well as the challenging geopolitical and macroeconomic situation (rising energy prices and inflation, higher interest rates, decline in equity markets and similar). The Group constantly identifies, monitors, analyses and manages risks, adopts relevant decisions and makes necessary adjustments.

Further deterioration of the macroeconomic and geopolitical situation could also have an adverse impact on the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re's assets and liabilities in 2023. Although this may directly or indirectly impact the Group and the Company's business, we estimate that most of our plans will be achieved in 2023. Solvency may also be affected, but it is reasonably expected that the Sava Insurance Group's and Sava Re's solvency will not be threatened given the high level of capitalisation. We also believe that the liquidity risk within the Group is well-managed and do not expect a significant increase of this risk over the coming 12 months, so the going-concern assumption remains valid. Our assumption is based on the cash flow expected from the main activity and the composition of the investment portfolio that can provide adequate liquidity over a longer period of difficult circumstances.

17.7.2 Capital adequacy and capital management in the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re

The Group and Sava Re use the standard formula for calculating their capital requirements under the Solvency II regime. The calculation of the solvency capital requirement (hereinafter: SCR) is carried out once a year completely, whereas eligible own funds supporting the Group's solvency requirements are assessed quarterly and the solvency position is assessed during the year. Thus, on a quarterly basis, the solvency position is shown as an interval within which the solvency ratio is estimated to lie in the quarter.

Thus, the Group's estimated solvency position as at 31 December 2022 indicates that the Group is well capitalised, with a solvency ratio expected within the range of 177% to 187% (31 December 2021: 198%). As at 31 December 2021, the Group's eligible own funds to cover the SCR totalled EUR 601.3 million; however, we estimate that they somewhat decreased at the end of the year, chiefly as the result of the falling value of investments due to adverse developments in financial markets and claims inflation. As at 31 December 2021, the Group's solvency capital requirement totalled EUR 304.4 million. According to our estimate, it rose slightly by the end of 2022, which was mainly a result of higher nonlife underwriting risk and lower SCR adjustment for the loss-absorbing capacity of deferred taxes.

Based on the estimate, we believe that the Group's solvency as at 31 December 2022 remains high and significantly above the regulatory requirement.

At the Sava Insurance Group level, in addition to ensuring regulatory capital adequacy, it is important to manage capital in such a way that it meets the requirements of credit rating agencies for "A" ratings, and that the Group remains solvent and is able to meet its obligations even if stress scenarios materialise. To this end, the risk strategy of the Sava Insurance Group for 2020–2022, which defines the Group's risk appetite, defines the levels of required solvency ratios, as listed below. Thus, the Group ensures an adequate level of excess capital.

Additional engagement or

return of capital

Overcapitalisations

Solvency ratio levels in line with internal rules defined by the risk strategy

Due to the previously described adverse situation in 2022, the year-end solvency ratio estimate for the Sava Insurance Group stands at a slightly lower level than the solvency ratio at year-end 2021, which is near the lower limit of the optimal level,

as shown in the figure below.

The upper right shows the Group's solvency ratio ranges by quarter compared to the lower and upper limits of the optimal level of the solvency ratio under internal criteria.

Thus, Sava Re's estimated solvency position as at 31 December 2022 indicates that the Company is well capitalised, with a solvency ratio in the range of 256% to 266% (31 December 2021: 282%). As at 31 December 2021, the eligible own funds to cover the SCR totalled EUR 615.7 million; however, we estimate that they somewhat decreased by the end of 2022, chiefly as the result of the falling value of investments and participations in subsidiaries due to adverse developments in financial markets. The Company's solvency capital requirement (SCR) was EUR 218.0 million as at 31 December 2021 and is estimated to have decreased slightly by the end of 2022, mainly due to a lower capital requirement for market risks as a result of the decline in the value of investments and participations in subsidiaries due to adverse movements in financial markets.

Throughout 2022, the Company's capital adequacy was consistently assessed to be above the solvency ratio floor defined in the risk strategy (more than 200%) and significantly above regulatory requirements.

The lower right shows the Sava Re's solvency ratio ranges by quarter compared to the lower limit of the optimal level of the solvency ratio under internal criteria.

The Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re have strong solvency ratios, and insolvency risk is small. We estimate that, despite the adverse impact of the macroeconomic environment, the Group and Sava Re will continue to maintain high solvency ratios in the calculation at 31 December 2022, well above the regulatory solvency ratio. The scenarios conducted under ORSA 2023 also demonstrated the robustness of the Group's and Sava Re's solvency position.

The annual calculation of capital adequacy will be discussed in more detail in the Solvency and Financial Condition Report of the Sava Insurance Group and the Solvency and Financial Condition Report of Sava Re d.d.

Capital adequacy of Save Re as at 31 December 2021 and in 2022

Capital adequacy of Sava Insurance Group as at 31 December 2021 and in 2022

17.7.3 Underwriting risks

The Group and Sava Re are exposed to non-life, life and health underwriting risks. Accepted life reinsurance business of non-Group cedants, including accident reinsurance business, is classified as health reinsurance risk. Due to their one-year duration and according to the nature of their coverage, this life reinsurance business is comparable to accepted accident reinsurance business.

First, we present underwriting risks arising out of nonlife business. This is followed by risks arising out of life and health insurance business.

17.7.3.1 Non-life underwriting risk

The Group's exposure to non-life underwriting risk, measured by the volume of consolidated net premiums earned by insurance class, is shown in the graph on the right.

Sava Insurance Group consolidated net non-life premiums earned134 by class of business EUR million

The breakdown of the Group's net non-life premiums earned did not change significantly in 2022.

The Group sources the largest premium volume in the Adriatic region, where its direct insurance subsidiaries operate; exposure to Slovenia is predominant. Diversification in 2022 remains similar to that of the previous year. Other exposures of Sava Re in other areas are relatively well diversified globally.

Because the Group as a whole has an adequate retrocession programme in place, it is not exposed to the risk of a sharp increase in net claims, not even in the case of catastrophic losses. More likely is an increase in net claims due to a mass of small adverse developments (an increase in claims or expenses or decrease in premiums), which would affect the net combined ratio.

A change in the Group's net combined ratio by 1 p.p. due to higher/lower realised underwriting risks would result in a decrease/increase in net profit before tax of EUR 5.5 million (2021: EUR 5.3 million).

Sava Re's exposure to non-life underwriting risk, measured by the volume of consolidated net premiums earned by insurance class, is shown in the graph on the right.

property

Personal accident General liability Other

2021

The breakdown of Sava Re's net non-life (re)insurance premiums earned did not change significantly in 2022.

A change in Sava Re's net combined ratio by 1 p.p. due to higher/lower realised underwriting risks would result in a decrease/increase in net profit before tax of EUR 1.7 million (2021: EUR 1.7 million). In 2022, an additional maximum net claim of EUR 5.0 million would have deteriorated the combined ratio by 2.9% (2021: 3.0%).

The Group and Sava Re manage non-life underwriting risks with:

  • established underwriting processes, comprising procedures and an authorisation system for the underwriting of (re)insurance contracts with higher sums insured, and a process for the underwriting of (re) insurance contracts in accordance with internal underwriting guidelines for facultative underwriting for high exposures;
  • underwriting limits;
  • geographical diversification;
  • an appropriate actuarial pricing policy applied in product design and controlling; and
  • an appropriate reinsurance programme.

The sections below explain risk management in greater detail by each non-life underwriting risk.

Premium risk

The Group's premium risk was slightly higher than in 2021 and is estimated as moderate. We further assess that this risk in Sava Re is also moderate. Having increased significantly in 2022 (which also had a negative impact on the Group's annual result), the claims inflation is a source of uncertainty. In the future, we will have to carefully monitor the adequacy of used assumptions and promptly react by adjusting the premium rates so as to ensure the achievement of planned Group results to the greatest extent possible.

Most accepted non-life (re)insurance contracts are renewed annually. This allows insurers to amend the conditions and rates to take into account any deterioration in the underwriting results of entire classes of business, and for major policyholders in a timely manner. In response to rising inflation, the Group raised the premium rates for motor and property insurance. Due to deteriorating macroeconomic conditions and the increased intensity of natural disasters in recent years, reinsurance premium rates increased substantially in 2022, which has been very beneficial for the management of premium risk in reinsurance underwriting.

The Group seeks to mitigate price risk before launching a product by making in-depth market analyses, staying informed (media, competitors, clients), monitoring applicable regulations and associated requirements, and monitoring historical claim trends (for the entire market) and forecasts. In the case of obligatory proportional reinsurance treaties, Sava Re follows the fortune of its ceding companies, while with non-proportional and facultative contracts, the decision on assuming a risk is on Sava Re. It follows from the foregoing that in order to manage this risk, it is essential to review the practices of existing and future ceding companies and to analyse developments in the relevant markets and in the relevant classes of insurance. Consequently, coverage may only be granted by following internal underwriting guidelines, and the results must be consistent with the target combined ratios, based on available information, prices set and other relevant contractual provisions. The suitability of pricing is verified through modelling and other detailed profitability reviews.

Another underwriting process risk is PML error, the inaccurate assessment of the Probable Maximum Loss (hereinafter: PML). In order to mitigate this risk, the Group has in place guidelines for PML assessment, requirements that PML assessments are a team exercise, and ensures that the reinsurance programme covers PML error.

The Group mitigates claims risk through in-depth assessments of underwriting process risk, by restricting the authorisations in the underwriting process, and by developing IT support that allows an accurate overview of claims accumulation. For accepted reinsurance, this risk, too, can be managed by means of special clauses in proportional reinsurance contracts, which limit the reinsurer's share of unexpected claims, and by not accepting unlimited layers under non-proportional contracts. Also central to reducing this risk is the annual testing of the appropriateness of reinsurance protection using a variety of stress tests and scenarios, and setting appropriate retentions. Retention levels and per risk reinsurance protection in 2022 remain similar to the previous year.

Reserve risk

The Group's and Sava Re's reserve risk is estimated as moderate and is slightly higher than in 2021 due to claims inflation. For the same reason, Zavarovalnica Sava substantially increased claims provisions for nonlife insurance in 2022, taking into account the realised inflation and an additional increase from the expected future inflation of claims in the claims provision. At the end of 2022, having received information from cedants, Sava Re also increased provisions on account of the inflation in 2022 as well as expected future inflation.

The risk is managed through the measures described below.

Insufficiency of technical provisions may occur because of inaccurate actuarial estimates or an unexpectedly unfavourable loss development. It may be a result of new types of losses that have not been excluded in cedants' insurance conditions and for which no claims provisions have yet been established, which is common with liability insurance contracts, but can also occur due to changed court practices. All experience so gained is then used in the calculation of future technical provisions. The adjustment of claims provision assumptions in 2022 was shaped by the increased claims inflation, but run-off analyses for provisions established (subsequently) show positive results despite the 2022 increase.

By documenting and understanding such a process, the Group can identify and describe potential risks, such as the:

  • risk of data availability and accuracy,
  • risk of adequacy of methods and assumptions used,
  • risk of a calculation error,
  • risk associated with supporting IT systems and tools.

Controls are put in place for the mitigation of each identified risk. These controls ensure data quality and mitigate the risks associated with the calculation of technical provisions. The design and operational effectiveness of controls are reviewed at least annually and whenever a significant change occurs in the process or methods and models used to calculate technical provisions.

Such controls include:

  • reconciliation of technical provision items with accounting records,
  • peer review of actuarial methods and assumptions,
  • changes to management controls relating to the IT tools used in the process,
  • actuarial review and approval of the level of technical provisions.

The process by which technical provisions are calculated is subject to periodic approval. Where substantial changes have been made to the process, the methodology or models used in the calculation of technical provisions, a validation is carried out in accordance with the reporting schedule.

Back-testing of the appropriateness of technical provisions in 2022

Unearned premiums are established by Group members on a pro rata basis at the insurance policy level. In addition to unearned premiums, Group companies establish provisions for unexpired risks for those homogeneous risk groups where the combined ratio (loss ratio plus expense ratio) is expected to exceed 100%, as described in the notes to technical provisions.

The adequacy of the values of claims provisions or technical provisions is verified through a run-off analysis. This can only be applied to past years – the further back in time, the more precise the results. Given that technical provisions are calculated using consistent actuarial methods, we can conclude, based on past discrepancies between originally estimated liabilities and subsequently established liabilities at individual dates of the statement of financial position, that the provisions as at 31 December 2022 are adequate. Due to the difference in posting claims provisions for accepted reinsurance and primary insurance business (discussed later in this section), the run-off analysis was made separately for primary insurance and reinsurance business; in the latter case, we only show the accepted business of cedants outside the Group to show the adequacy of gross provisions at the Group level.

Group primary insurance companies record and analyse claims provision data by accident year. The table below shows an analysis of gross claims provisions established by the Group for liabilities under non-life primary insurance contracts. Amounts were translated from local currencies into euros using the exchange rate prevailing at the end of the year (provisions) or in the middle of the year (claims paid).

Adequacy analysis of gross claims provisions for the Sava Insurance Group's non-life insurance business

EUR thousand Year ended 31 Dec
Estimate of gross liabilities 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
As originally estimated 290,499 292,999 311,802 303,829 314,973 316,588 306,594 322,958 346,481 343,019 338,903
Re-estimated as of 1 year later 246,769 248,045 251,886 256,131 257,762 258,291 264,189 283,213 292,931 293,887
Re-estimated as of 2 years later 230,036 217,668 232,313 219,350 216,504 233,585 244,567 254,568 266,250
Re-estimated as of 3 years later 207,394 207,611 205,152 186,396 199,595 218,796 224,719 242,461
Re-estimated as of 4 years later 200,443 186,060 179,713 172,868 186,872 206,174 216,887
Re-estimated as of 5 years later 183,294 165,670 168,502 162,830 179,287 205,137
Re-estimated as of 6 years later 166,503 157,871 160,722 158,942 177,143
Re-estimated as of 7 years later 160,050 152,384 157,832 155,789
Re-estimated as of 8 years later 156,602 151,397 155,791
Re-estimated as of 9 years later 155,956 150,363
Re-estimated as of 10 years later 155,524
Cumulative gross redundancy
(latest estimate – original estimate)
134,975 142,636 156,011 148,039 137,830 111,451 89,707 80,497 80,232 49,132 -
Cumulative gross redundancy as % of original estimate 46.5% 48.7% 50.0% 48.7% 43.8% 35.2% 29.3% 24.9% 23.2% 14.3% -
Cumulative gross redundancy as % of original estimate (2021) 46.3% 48.3% 49.4% 47.7% 43.1% 34.9% 26.7% 21.2% 15.5% - -

The Group cannot use triangles organised by accident year data for recording claims provisions in respect of accepted reinsurance business. This is because ceding companies report claims under proportional treaties broken down by underwriting year. As claims under one-year policies written during any one year may occur either in the year the policy is written or in the year after, data on losses for proportional reinsurance contracts is only broken down by underwriting year. Furthermore, some markets renew treaty business during the year, resulting in additional discrepancies between the underwriting year and the accident year. Due to these specifics, the Group provides data on reinsurer's share by underwriting year. The estimated liabilities relate to claims that have already been incurred (reported and not reported) and the settlement of which is covered by the claims provision, and claims arising from accepted contracts that have not yet been incurred and the settlement of which is covered by unearned premiums less deferred commission.

The following table therefore shows originally estimated gross or net liabilities with claims provisions included at any year-end plus unearned premiums less deferred commission, which is compared to subsequent estimates of these liabilities.

Adequacy analysis of gross technical provisions of Sava Re for non-Group accepted reinsurance business

EUR thousand Year ended 31 Dec
Estimate of gross liabilities 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
As originally estimated 121,735 123,079 125,023 142,850 146,463 149,017 150,198 163,050 183,917 219,519 232,359
Re-estimated as of 1 year later 109,506 107,622 119,263 132,998 127,717 132,200 143,738 152,741 165,885 209,914
Re-estimated as of 2 years later 103,445 107,313 112,468 122,748 119,454 129,376 136,424 148,246 154,100
Re-estimated as of 3 years later 101,933 104,790 106,666 117,864 120,620 126,985 135,101 145,083
Re-estimated as of 4 years later 100,548 99,270 103,714 119,066 117,370 126,431 134,834
Re-estimated as of 5 years later 97,783 97,472 106,072 118,033 117,930 127,427
Re-estimated as of 6 years later 96,073 99,853 104,740 117,088 118,464
Re-estimated as of 7 years later 97,321 98,776 104,385 116,643
Re-estimated as of 8 years later 96,944 98,682 104,200
Re-estimated as of 9 years later 96,915 98,760
Re-estimated as of 10 years later 97,117
Cumulative gross redundancy
(latest estimate – original estimate)
24,618 24,320 20,823 26,207 27,999 21,589 15,365 17,968 29,816 9,604 -
Cumulative gross redundancy as % of original estimate 20.2% 19.8% 16.7% 18.3% 19.1% 14.5% 10.2% 11.0% 16.2% 4.4% -
Cumulative gross redundancy as % of original estimate (2021) 20.4% 19.8% 16.5% 18.0% 19.5% 15.2% 10.1% 9.1% 9.8% - -
n-
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When establishing technical provisions, the Group takes into account any under-reserved technical provisions identified on the subsidiary company level, recognising any identified deficiencies at the Group level. As at 31 December 2022, there were no aforementioned deficiencies.

We also analyse Save Re's gross provisions in a similar way.

Adequacy analysis of gross technical provisions for Sava Re

EUR thousand Year ended 31 Dec
Estimate of gross liabilities 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
As originally estimated 206,099 199,339 207,416 209,963 218,615 224,093 225,314 253,098 290,564 326,187 337,163
Re-estimated as of 1 year later 179,499 170,890 183,590 191,260 191,207 196,533 212,977 230,594 266,524 307,795
Re-estimated as of 2 years later 169,304 160,099 174,579 175,447 177,623 193,586 201,337 226,207 252,154
Re-estimated as of 3 years later 158,181 156,865 164,654 165,546 179,783 188,634 198,852 223,337
Re-estimated as of 4 years later 155,634 147,772 157,337 168,051 173,940 187,557 199,083
Re-estimated as of 5 years later 149,283 142,401 160,186 164,979 174,546 189,997
Re-estimated as of 6 years later 144,100 144,796 158,029 164,560 175,528
Re-estimated as of 7 years later 144,541 143,401 158,146 164,958
Re-estimated as of 8 years later 144,271 144,228 158,838
Re-estimated as of 9 years later 144,727 145,343
Re-estimated as of 10 years later 146,124
Cumulative gross redundancy
(latest estimate – original estimate)
59,974 53,996 48,578 45,005 43,088 34,097 26,231 29,761 38,410 18,392 -
Cumulative gross redundancy as % of original estimate 29.1% 27.1% 23.4% 21.4% 19.7% 15.2% 11.6% 11.8% 13.2% 5.6% -
Cumulative gross redundancy as % of original estimate (2021) 29.8% 27.6% 23.8% 21.6% 20.2% 16.3% 11.7% 10.6% 8.3% - -

Similarly, we can monitor the analysis of the run-off of the net provision for outstanding claims or technical provisions, which is also divided into primary insurance and accepted reinsurance business. As the ceded reinsurance of primary insurance has already been deducted from net provisions, accepted reinsurance for the purposes of the analysis of the Group and for purposes of the analysis of Sava Re is the same.

Adequacy analysis of net claims provisions for the non-life insurance business of the Sava Insurance Group

EUR thousand Year ended 31 Dec
Estimate of liabilities 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
As originally estimated 221,249 230,665 245,530 248,737 256,314 258,080 251,549 260,084 266,847 261,009 252,647
Re-estimated as of 1 year later 194,017 195,502 205,547 207,917 210,223 211,880 212,514 218,994 222,965 221,191
Re-estimated as of 2 years later 180,774 175,825 188,199 178,841 177,350 189,419 191,374 195,776 200,476
Re-estimated as of 3 years later 166,003 166,620 167,128 152,494 161,866 173,720 175,266 185,456
Re-estimated as of 4 years later 160,059 150,089 146,973 140,308 148,933 163,408 168,407
Re-estimated as of 5 years later 146,944 134,035 137,035 130,171 142,611 161,763
Re-estimated as of 6 years later 133,832 127,028 129,090 126,853 140,576
Re-estimated as of 7 years later 128,085 121,242 126,610 124,169
Re-estimated as of 8 years later 124,023 120,289 124,820
Re-estimated as of 9 years later 123,417 119,269
Re-estimated as of 10 years later 122,861
Cumulative gross redundancy
(latest estimate – original estimate)
98,387 111,396 120,710 124,568 115,738 96,317 83,142 74,629 66,371 39,818 -
Cumulative gross redundancy as % of original estimate 44.5% 48.3% 49.2% 50.1% 45.2% 37.3% 33.1% 28.7% 24.9% 15.3% -
Cumulative gross redundancy as % of original estimate (2021) 44.2% 47.9% 48.4% 49.0% 44.4% 36.7% 30.3% 24.7% 16.4% - -

Analysis of the amount of net technical provisions for accepted reinsurance or net technical provisions of Save Re

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
174,480 173,344 177,031 194,262 200,824 204,479 204,392 222,739 259,627 278,603 282,579
153,136 153,577 161,973 175,595 175,066 178,102 192,189 207,659 237,256 260,163
147,655 142,529 151,267 159,178 158,850 171,432 179,817 201,645 220,945
136,270 137,887 140,291 147,913 157,175 165,987 176,628 197,435
132,322 127,700 131,429 146,688 151,959 164,308 175,629
125,137 120,791 131,813 144,196 151,660 165,481
119,238 121,578 129,328 142,752 151,444
118,405 119,416 128,404 141,642
117,369 119,004 127,547
116,795 118,561
116,701
57,779 54,783 49,484 52,620 49,381 38,999 28,762 25,304 38,682 18,440 -
33.1% 31.6% 28.0% 27.1% 24.6% 19.1% 14.1% 11.4% 14.9% 6.6% -
33.1% 31.3% 27.5% 26.5% 24.5% 19.6% 13.6% 9.5% 8.6% / -
Year ended 31 Dec

Lapse risk

The lapse risk in 2022 for both Sava Re and the Group is assessed as low and comparable to the previous year.

It is estimated that lapse risk is less important for the Group, as the vast majority of non-life insurance policies is written for one year and cannot be terminated early without the insurer's consent (except in case of premium default or if the subject-matter of the insurance policy is no longer owned by the policyholder or has been destroyed due to a loss event). The majority of accepted reinsurance contracts is also written for a period of one year. This risk is mitigated primarily by maintaining good relationships with policyholders and cedants and by closely analysing market conditions.

Catastrophe risk

We assess the Group's disaster risk in 2022 as moderate and (given the volume of insurance portfolios) similar to the previous year. We also assess the same risk for Sava Re as moderate.

The Group manages catastrophe risk by means of a well-designed underwriting process, by controlling risk concentration for products covering larger complexes

against natural disasters and fire, by geographical diversification, and by adequate retrocession protection against natural and man-made catastrophes. In managing these risks, due consideration is given to the fact that maximum net aggregate losses in any one year are affected by both the maximum net claim arising from a single catastrophe event and the frequency of such events.

An appropriate reinsurance programme is important for managing the underwriting risk to which the Group is exposed. Sava Re uses retrocession treaties to diversify risk appropriately. The reinsurance programme is set up to reduce exposure to potential single large losses or the effect of a large number of single losses arising from the same loss event. The Group considers its reinsurance programme (including proportional and non-proportional reinsurance) to be appropriate in view of the risks to which it is exposed. Net retention limits set by the Group are only rarely applied. The Group also concludes co-insurance and reciprocal contracts

136 The exposures for the previous year are shown for comparison purposes; they are not necessarily the highest exposures in the year.

137 The data compiled are as at 30 June of each year.

with other reinsurers to further disperse risks.

We consider natural catastrophe risk to be the biggest catastrophe risk for the Company's and the Group's non-life insurance business. The Company has the highest exposure to natural disasters in Slovenia, whereas exposures elsewhere are relatively well-diversified globally.

The following table shows the Company's gross natural catastrophe exposures for the 10 countries with the highest exposure as at 31 December 2022.

Gross exposure of Sava Re to natural catastrophes by country136

EUR thousand 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Slovenia 672,500 627,500
Croatia 36,157 45,868
Greece 27,100 29,477
Turkey 27,036 30,725
Cyprus 26,811 26,645
Serbia 26,095 32,126
Germany 26,063 33,133
Hungary 23,966 27,938
Vietnam 22,498 22,129
China 21,378 45,109
Total 909,604 920,649

Exposure to Slovenia was lower than the previous year and a more significant decrease was also recorded for exposure to Croatia and China.

At the Group level, the exposure to natural catastrophes is higher than shown above only in the regions where the Group companies underwrite property insurance; the largest gross aggregate exposure to natural catastrophes is thus concentrated in Slovenia. The Group has in place a catastrophe reinsurance programme (detailed below), under which it covers a maximum of EUR 5.0 million per event, with the remainder ceded to reinsurers. The following table gives the gross aggregate exposures in Slovenia by peril.

Gross aggregate exposures in Slovenia by peril
EUR thousand137 2022 2021
Flood 12,891,510 12,469,313
Earthquake 15,159,157 13,298,175
Storm and hail 53,163,175 51,152,165

The Group's primary insurance business and separately accepted non-Group reinsurance business is protected against natural catastrophes based on non-proportional CAT XL coverages for own account. Even prior to the operation of the non-proportional protection, the portfolio of earthquake (re)insurance business of the Group's cedants is protected by a quota share retrocession treaty. This means that if a major event occurs, the Group will suffer a loss equal, at most, to the amount of the priority of the catastrophe excessof-loss cover plus reinstatement premium; the priority of the catastrophe programme for Group business remained unchanged in 2022 at EUR 5.0 million, while the priority of the catastrophe programme for non-Group accepted reinsurance was reduced to EUR 3.0 million in 2022, resulting in reduced net exposure to a catastrophic event in this portfolio. If the Group makes additional use of the coverage, it is subject to provisions concerning reinstatements, meaning that it would purchase protection for the remaining period of cover. This is a common instrument available in the international reinsurance market at a price that is usually lower than the original cover due to the shorter coverage period. To cap the aggregate amount of claims in a period, the Slovenian portfolio is further covered by an aggregate reinsurance cover. It ensures that the Group remains solvent even if several catastrophic events occur in a single year.

Other than for the aforementioned reduced priority of the CAT programme for non-Group accepted reinsurance of cedants, the reinsurance programme remains more or less the same as the previous year. In this way, the Group maintains catastrophe risk at a level comparable to 2021.

Assessed risk exposure in 2022 compared to 2021

The Group's non-life underwriting risk is assessed as moderate. In 2022, the premium and reserve risk slightly increased due to claims inflation, while other risks remained at the 2021 level. We find that the risks within the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re are adequately managed.

According to our assessment, the likelihood that the non-life underwriting risk would seriously compromise the Group's or Sava Re's financial stability is estimated as low.

17.7.3.2 Life underwriting risk

The main life underwriting risks relevant for Sava Re and the Group are the mortality risk, life expense risk and lapse risk (which includes terminations due to surrenders, changes to paid-up status and defaults).

The Group is moderately exposed to life underwriting risk. The Group's main exposure to life underwriting risk is in the EU. The structure of net premiums earned from the Group's life insurance business is shown in the chart below.

Sava Re's exposure to life underwriting risk is low. In 2022, net premiums earned from the reinsurance of traditional life insurance amounted to EUR 759 thousand (2021: EUR 548 thousand) and net premiums earned from unit-linked life insurance to EUR 68 thousand (2021: EUR 42 thousand).

Life underwriting risks are also managed by periodically monitoring the life portfolio composition, exposures, premium payment patterns, lapse rates and expenses incurred, as well as by analysing the appropriateness of the modelling of the expected mortality and morbidity, and lapse rates. The information so obtained allows for timely action in the case of adverse developments in these indicators.

The Group additionally manages life underwriting risk by strictly following underwriting and risk assessment procedures. These specify the criteria and terms of approving risk acceptance. At given premium rates, risk assumption depends on the age at entry and the requested sum insured. The Group accepts risks if the insured's health, as a measure of risk quality, is in line

with table data listing criteria for medical examinations. An additional factor in the assumption of risks is lifestyle, including leisure activities and occupation. The Group has in place an appropriate reinsurance programme in order to limit the impact of underwriting risk (death and additional risks); covers are generally on a proportional basis. The retention of insurance companies does not exceed EUR 100,000.

There is no significant concentration of life underwriting risk at the Group level, as the portfolio is well-diversified in terms of the age of the insured persons, the remaining period of insurance, exposures (of sums insured and sums at risk), and premium payment schedule. The portfolio is also diversified in terms of the percentage of policies lapsed in a period, expenses and mortality, and morbidity rates by product.

Assessed risk exposure in 2022 compared to 2021

We estimate the Group's life underwriting risk as moderate and well managed, remaining at a similar level to 2021.

2021 2022

Consolidated net premiums earned of the Sava Insurance Group by line of business (EUR million)

17.7.3.3 Health underwriting risk

Most of the exposure in health underwriting relates to accident insurance classified as NSLT health insurance, but the exposure to SLT health insurance is very low.

NSLT health underwriting risks are, inherently, very similar to non-life underwriting risks and are therefore discussed in greater detail in section 17.7.3.1 "Nonlife underwriting risk" focusing on non-life business. The Group manages NSLT-health underwriting risks through similar techniques, i.e. by means of a well-designed underwriting process, control of risk concentration for accident and health insurance products, and adequate reinsurance protection.

SLT health underwriting risks are by their nature very similar to life underwriting risks and are therefore managed by the Group using similar techniques. They are discussed in greater detail in section 17.7.3.2 "Life underwriting risk".

Assessed risk exposure in 2022 compared to 2021

We consider the Group's and Sava Re's exposure to health underwriting risk in 2022 low and comparable to 2021.

17.7.4 Financial risks138

The value of the investment portfolio includes the following balance sheet items: financial investments, investment property, investments in subsidiaries, cash and cash equivalents, and assets held for the benefit of policyholders who bear the investment risk.

As at 31 December 2022, the balance-sheet value of this investment portfolio stood at EUR 1,918.8 million (31 December 2021: EUR 2,113.5 million).

In terms of risk, the investment portfolio portion focused on the assets held for the benefit of policyholders who bear the investment risk (hereinafter: IRLF) can be divided into:

• The investments of policyholders relating to the liabilities of unit-linked life business where policyholders fully bear the full investment risk. This part of the investment portfolio is invested in mutual funds selected by policyholders (matching of assets and liabilities). In accordance with the revaluation of investments in mutual funds based on market rates, mathematical provisions are also revalued, so these investments are excluded from the risk analysis, but the data is presented in the tables below showing the entire investment portfolio. The value of these investments was EUR 431.4 million at the end of 2022 (in 2021: EUR 447.2 million).

• Investments supporting the liabilities of unit-linked life business for which the insurer provides guaranteed unit values. For this part of the investment portfolio, the insurance company assumes the risk of achieving the guaranteed return and all market risks. The Company defines an investment policy for this investment portfolio part, which covers various types of investments included in a more detailed analysis of financial risks, as the insurance company assumes them in full.

This portion of the investments of assets of policyholders who assume investment risk from the point of view of the insurance company's financial risk exposure is shown in the table below, together with investments supporting non-life and traditional life insurance.

Value and structure of the investment portfolio in terms of financial risk assumption as at 31 December 2022

Sava Insurance Group IRLF
EUR Non-life Life Insurer investments* Policyholder's
investments**
Total Investments exposed
to financial risk
Deposits and CDs 14,287,803 4,988,318 0 0 19,276,121 19,276,121
Government bonds 473,851,165 258,742,940 30,417,058 0 763,011,163 763,011,163
Corporate bonds 178,274,157 239,523,114 20,371,478 0 438,168,749 438,168,749
Shares (excluding strategic shares) 8,180,114 14,929,764 0 0 23,109,878 23,109,878
Mutual funds 16,795,953 5,361,779 1,705,764 431,399,568 455,263,063 23,863,496
bond and money market 12,721,179 1,373,844 1,705,764 41,853,078 57,653,865 15,800,787
mixed 0 0 0 92,506,399 92,506,399 0
equity funds 4,074,774 3,987,935 0 297,040,090 305,102,799 8,062,709
Infrastructure funds 53,856,376 0 0 0 53,856,376 53,856,376
Real estate funds 14,700,362 1,796,699 0 0 16,497,061 16,497,061
Loans granted and other investments 1,248,137 141,120 0 0 1,389,257 1,389,257
Deposits with cedants 10,334,969 0 0 0 10,334,969 10,334,969
Financial investments 771,529,035 525,483,734 52,494,300 431,399,568 1,780,906,636 1,349,507,069
Financial investments in associates 21,856,109 0 0 0 21,856,109 0
Investment property 22,761,518 34,241 0 0 22,795,759 22,795,759
Cash and cash equivalents 62,628,926 15,721,734 14,883,805 0 93,234,465 93,234,465
Investment portfolio 878,775,588 541,239,709 67,378,106 431,399,568 1,918,792,969 1,465,537,294

* Investments supporting the liabilities of unit-linked life business with which the insurer covers guaranteed unit values and assumes market risk.

** Investments for the benefit of life-insurance policyholders who bear the investment risk (mutual funds selected by policyholders).

Value and structure of the investment portfolio in terms of financial risk assumption as at 31 December 2021

Sava Insurance Group IRLF
EUR Non-life Life Insurer investments* Policyholder
investments**
Total Investments exposed
to financial risk
Deposits and CDs 12,605,079 5,956,618 2,008,600 0 20,570,296 20,570,296
Government bonds 445,328,578 273,171,403 36,001,448 0 754,501,428 754,501,428
Corporate bonds 266,180,211 325,955,892 30,297,820 0 622,433,923 622,433,923
Shares (excluding strategic shares) 9,843,601 26,122,084 0 0 35,965,685 35,965,685
Mutual funds 28,522,221 7,338,860 1,977,081 447,154,643 484,992,805 37,838,159
bond and money market 16,019,824 1,874,078 1,977,081 36,183,144 56,054,123 19,870,979
mixed 0 0 0 89,947,477 89,947,477 0
equity funds 12,502,397 5,464,782 0 321,024,022 338,991,201 17,967,179
Infrastructure funds 44,532,966 0 0 0 44,532,966 44,532,966
Real estate funds 14,209,049 1,637,010 0 0 15,846,059 15,846,059
Loans granted and other investments 1,539,703 134,836 0 0 1,674,539 1,674,539
Deposits with cedants 9,610,337 0 0 0 9,610,337 9,610,337
Financial investments 832,371,745 640,316,702 70,284,949 447,154,643 1,990,128,039 1,542,973,392
Financial investments in associates 20,479,729 0 0 0 20,479,729 0
Investment property 14,245,609 35,583 0 0 14,281,192 14,281,192
Cash and cash equivalents 63,072,752 10,904,760 14,670,166 0 88,647,678 88,647,678
Investment portfolio 930,169,835 651,257,045 84,955,115 447,154,643 2,113,536,638 1,645,902,262

* Investments supporting the liabilities of unit-linked life business with which the insurer covers guaranteed unit values and assumes market risk.

** Investments for the benefit of life-insurance policyholders who bear the investment risk (mutual funds selected by policyholders).

As at 31 December 2022, the Sava Re investment portfolio totalled EUR 687.9 million (31 December 2021: EUR 688.6 million) and consists of:

  • financial investments (2022: EUR 333.3 million; 2021: EUR 327.8 million),
  • financial investments in subsidiaries and associates (2022: EUR 322.9 million; 2021: EUR 324.1 million),
  • investment property (2022: EUR 7.7 million; 2021: EUR 7.9 million),

• cash and cash equivalents (2022: EUR 23.9 million; 2021: EUR 28.8 million).

In 2022, the value of Sava Re's investment portfolio exposed to financial risk decreased by EUR 0.7 million compared to year-end 2021, which is explained in section 9.2.1.1 "Investment portfolio" of the business part of the report.

Value and structure of the investment portfolio in terms of financial risk assumption

As % of total
31 Dec 2021
Absolute change Change in structure
(p.p.)

Sava Re Type of investment 31 Dec 2022 As % of total 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 Government bonds 214,198,804 31.1% 179,718,397 26.1% 34,480,407 5.0 Corporate bonds 73,992,930 10.8% 104,042,314 15.1% -30,049,384 -4.4 Shares (excluding strategic shares) 5,599,554 0.8% 6,850,703 1.0% -1,251,149 -0.2 Mutual funds 3,933,982 0.6% 6,011,306 0.9% -2,077,324 -0.3 bond funds 2,246,501 0.3% 2,648,312 0.4% -401,811 -0.1 equity funds 1,687,481 0.2% 3,362,993 0.5% -1,675,513 -0.2 Infrastructure funds 18,843,871 2.7% 14,554,843 2.1% 4,289,029 0.6 Real estate funds 4,584,214 0.7% 4,423,724 0.6% 160,490 0.0 Loans granted 1,840,393 0.3% 2,572,974 0.4% -732,580 -0.1 Deposits with cedants 10,334,969 1.5% 9,610,337 1.4% 724,632 0.1 Financial investments 333,328,717 48.5% 327,784,595 47.6% 5,544,121 0.9 Financial investments in Group companies 322,935,793 46.9% 324,129,991 47.1% -1,194,198 -0.1 Investment property 7,721,693 1.1% 7,899,693 1.1% -178,000 0.0 Cash and cash equivalents 23,926,029 3.5% 28,806,817 4.2% -4,880,788 -0.7 Total financial investments exposed to financial risk 687,912,232 100.0% 688,621,097 100.0% -708,865 -

17.7.4.1 Market risk

The following table shows the Group's investments exposed to market risk

Group financial investments exposed to market risk

Sava Insurance Group
Type of investment
31 Dec 2022 As % of total
31 Dec 2022
31 Dec 2021 As % of total
31 Dec 2021
Absolute change Change in structure
(p.p.)
Deposits and CDs 19,276,121 1.4% 20,570,296 1.3% -1,294,175 0.1
Government bonds 763,011,163 55.1% 754,501,428 48.1% 8,509,735 7.0
Corporate bonds 438,168,749 31.7% 622,433,923 39.7% -184,265,174 -8.1
Shares (excluding strategic shares) 23,109,878 1.7% 35,965,685 2.3% -12,855,808 -0.6
Mutual funds 23,863,496 1.7% 37,838,159 2.4% -13,974,663 -0.7
bond and money market 15,800,787 1.1% 19,870,979 1.3% -4,070,193 -0.1
mixed 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0
equity funds 8,062,709 0.6% 17,967,179 1.1% -9,904,470 -0.6
Infrastructure funds 53,856,376 3.9% 44,532,966 2.8% 9,323,410 1.1
Real estate funds 16,497,061 1.2% 15,846,059 1.0% 651,003 0.2
Loans granted and other investments 1,389,257 0.1% 1,674,539 0.1% -285,283 0.0
Financial investments 1,339,172,100 96.8% 1,533,363,056 97.8% -194,190,956 -1.0
Financial investments in associates 21,856,109 1.6% 20,479,729 1.3% 1,376,380 0.3
Investment property 22,795,759 1.6% 14,281,192 0.9% 8,514,567 0.7
Investment portfolio 1,383,823,968 100.0% 1,568,123,977 100.0% -184,300,009 -
Investment portfolio excluding investments in associates 1,361,967,859 98.4% 1,547,644,248 98.7% -185,676,389 -0.3

The value of the Group's investments portfolio exposed to market risk decreased by EUR 184.3 million in 2022 compared to year-end 2021, which is explained in section 9.2.1.1 "Investment portfolio" of the business report part.

Sava Re financial investments exposed to market risk

Sava Re
Type of investment
31 Dec 2022 As % of total
31 Dec 2022
31 Dec 2021 As % of total
31 Dec 2021
Absolute change Change in structure
(p.p.)
Government bonds 214,198,804 32.8% 179,718,397 27.6% 34,480,407 5.1
Corporate bonds 73,992,930 11.3% 104,042,314 16.0% -30,049,384 -4.7
Shares (excluding strategic shares) 5,599,554 0.9% 6,850,703 1.1% -1,251,149 -0.2
Mutual funds 3,933,982 0.6% 6,011,306 0.9% -2,077,324 -0.3
bond funds 2,246,501 0.3% 2,648,312 0.4% -401,811 -0.1
equity funds 1,687,481 0.3% 3,362,993 0.5% -1,675,513 -0.3
Infrastructure funds 18,843,871 2.9% 14,554,843 2.2% 4,289,029 0.6
Real estate funds 4,584,214 0.7% 4,423,724 0.7% 160,490 0.0
Loans granted 1,840,393 0.3% 2,572,974 0.4% -732,580 -0.1
Financial investments 322,993,748 49.4% 318,174,259 48.9% 4,819,489 0.5
Financial investments in Group companies and associates 322,935,793 49.4% 324,129,991 49.9% -1,194,198 -0.4
Investment property 7,721,693 1.2% 7,899,693 1.2% -178,000 0.0
Total financial investments 653,651,234 100.0% 650,203,943 100.0% 3,447,291 -

The value of Sava Re's financial investments exposed to market risk rose by EUR 3.4 million in 2022 compared to year-end 2021, as explained in section 9.2.1.1 "Investment portfolio" of the business report part.

17.7.4.1.1 Interest rate risk

The major part of interest rate risk on the liabilities side affects the life insurance segment (mathematical provisions). Based on the prescribed methodology for the calculation of technical provisions for the purposes of preparing financial statements, on the non-life business side only temporary and life annuities arising out of liability policies are interest-rate sensitive; however, any change in liabilities due to changes in the capitalised value of annuities as a result of a decline in interest rates is negligible and has therefore not been considered in those calculations.

Interest rate risk is measured through a sensitivity analysis, by observing the change in the value of investments in interest-rate sensitive assets or the value of mathematical provisions in case of a change in interest rate of 1 p.p. The interest-rate sensitive bond portfolio includes government and corporate bonds, deposits, loans, bond mutual funds with a weight of 1 and mixed mutual funds with a weight of 0.5.

Interest rate risk of the Group

The total value of investments included in the interest risk calculation as at 31 December 2022 was EUR 1,235.7 million (31 December 2021: EUR 1,422.5 million). Of this, EUR 680.6 million (31 December 2021: EUR 743.8 million) relates to assets of non-life insurers (including Sava Re) and EUR 555.1 million (31 December 2021: EUR 678.8 million) to assets of life insurers. The Group's exposure to floating interest rate instruments was EUR 13.0 million (2021: EUR 38.7 million); Sava Re's exposure was EUR 3.8 million (2021: EUR 11.7 million).

The sensitivity analysis of the non-life segment as at 31 December 2022 showed that in the event of an interest rate increase of 1 p.p., the value of the interest rate sensitive investments would drop by EUR 21.2 million (31 December 2021:

EUR 29.4 million) or 3.1% (31 December 2021: 4.0%). The table below shows in greater detail how the value of investments changes in response to a change in interest rates and the impact on the financial statements, where the impact on equity is

a result of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investments, loans and deposits, and the impact on profit or loss is a result of investments classified as at fair value through profit or loss.

-100 pp
------ ----

Results of the sensitivity analysis on interest-rate sensitive non-life investments

Sava Insurance Group 31 Dec 2022
EUR +100 bp -100 bp
Type of security Value Post-stress value Change in value Value Post-stress value Change in value
Government bonds 473,515,661 459,596,264 -13,919,398 473,515,661 488,305,270 14,789,609
Corporate bonds 178,274,157 171,900,262 -6,373,894 178,274,157 185,039,297 6,765,140
Bond and convertible mutual funds 12,721,179 12,325,775 -395,404 12,721,179 13,148,026 426,847
Other interest rate sensitive assets 16,055,731 15,590,836 -464,894 16,055,731 16,909,906 854,176
Total 680,566,727 659,413,137 -21,153,590 680,566,727 703,402,500 22,835,772
Effect on equity - - -20,721,862 - - 22,375,316
Effect on the income statement - - -431,728 - - 460,456
31 Dec 2021
+100 bp -100 bp
Value Post-stress value Change in value Value Post-stress value Change in value
445,914,810 427,971,202 -17,943,608 445,914,810 465,198,334 19,283,524
266,179,925 255,795,509 -10,384,416 266,179,925 277,371,195 11,191,270
16,019,821 15,386,775 -633,046 16,019,821 16,708,961 689,139
15,644,785 15,215,151 -429,634 15,644,785 16,475,826 831,041
743,759,342 714,368,638 -29,390,704 743,759,342 775,754,316 31,994,974
- - -28,358,766 - - 30,871,902
- - -1,031,938 - - 1,123,072

The sensitivity analysis of interest rate sensitive life insurance investments showed that in case of a 1 p.p. increase in interest rates, the value would decrease by EUR 24.3 million or 4.3% (31 December 2021: 35.1 million; 5.2%). The table below shows in greater detail how the value of investments changes in response to a change in interest rates and the impact on the financial statements, where the impact on equity is a result of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity assets, and loans and

deposits, whereas the impact on profit or loss is a result of investments classified as at fair value through profit or loss.

Results of the sensitivity analysis on interest-rate sensitive life investments

Sava Insurance Group 31 Dec 2022
EUR +100 bp -100 bp
Type of security Value Post-stress value Change in value Value Post-stress value Change in value
Government bonds 286,844,130 273,557,453 -13,286,677 286,844,130 301,333,736 14,489,607
Corporate bonds 258,756,622 248,071,833 -10,684,790 258,756,622 270,219,295 11,462,673
Bond and convertible mutual funds 2,978,537 2,848,042 -130,496 2,978,537 3,120,846 142,309
Other interest rate sensitive assets 6,557,168 6,337,495 -219,673 6,557,168 6,985,958 428,789
Total 555,136,458 530,814,822 -24,321,635 555,136,458 581,659,836 26,523,378
Effect on equity - - -24,040,148 - - 26,223,631
Effect on the income statement - - -281,488 - - 299,747
Sava Insurance Group 31 Dec 2021
EUR +100 bp -100 bp
Type of security Value Post-stress value Change in value Value Post-stress value Change in value
Government bonds 310,028,667 291,797,037 -18,231,630 310,028,667 330,217,976 20,189,309
Corporate bonds 356,606,682 340,132,301 -16,474,381 356,606,682 374,451,659 17,844,977
Bond and mixed mutual funds 3,851,158 3,651,748 -199,410 3,851,158 4,070,787 219,629
Other interest rate sensitive assets 8,270,503 8,030,428 -240,075 8,270,503 8,725,648 455,145
Total 678,757,010 643,611,515 -35,145,495 678,757,010 717,466,070 38,709,060
Effect on equity - - -34,399,938 - - 37,899,442
Effect on the income statement - - -745,561 - - 809,618

As at 31 December 2022, the value of the mathematical provisions included in the sensitivity analysis on the liabilities side amounted to EUR 422.7 million (31 December 2021: EUR 443.6 million). A sensitivity analysis for liabilities (mathematical provisions) showed that if the present value of mathematical provisions is calculated using an interest rate that is 1 p.p. higher, the mathematical provisions in accordance with the LAT test would decrease by EUR 8.4 million, or 2.0%, (31 December 2021: EUR 17.4 million; 3.9%). By contrast, if the provision is calculated using a 1 p.p. lower interest rate, mathematical provisions in accordance

with LAT test would increase by EUR 9.9 million, or
2.3% (31 December 2021: EUR 20.4 million; 4.6%).
The sensitivity analysis includes the results of the LAT
test set out in section 17.4.27 "Liability adequacy test
(LAT)".

Results of the sensitivity analysis on life insurance liabilities

compared to 2021. In 2022, the Group also adjusted the maturity of assets and liabilities to reduce the net effect of interest rate changes on the Group's balance sheets. The difference between the average maturity of assets and liabilities separately for life and non-life business is presented below.

Sava Insurance Group +100 bp -100 bp
EUR Value of mathematical
provision
Post-stress value based on
LAT test
Change in value Value of mathematical
provision
Post-stress value based on
LAT test
Change in value
31 Dec 2022 422,651,931 414,235,589 -8,416,342 422,651,931 432,560,561 9,908,630
31 Dec 2021 443,577,279 426,137,952 -17,439,327 443,577,279 463,943,621 20,366,342
The results of the sensitivity analysis on the assets
and liabilities side show that assets and liabilities are
The average maturity of bonds and deposits of life busi
ness was 4.58 years at year-end 2022 (31 December
However, higher interest rates have reduced reinvest
ment risk, which is more important for the life operat
moderately less sensitive to changes in interest rates
2021: 5.43 years), and the expected maturity of life
ing segment, where we are committed to delivering a
compared to 2021. In 2022, the Group also adjusted liabilities was 6.16 years (31 December 2021: 6.04 technical interest rate over a longer period.

The average maturity of bonds and deposits of non-life business was 3.23 years at year-end 2022 (31 December 2021: 4.06 years), while the expected maturity of non-life liabilities was 1.95 years (31 December 2021: 2.10 years).

liabilities was 6.16 years (31 December 2021: 6.04 years).

Although the nominal effects on the investment side were lower, reflecting the lower value of the investment portfolio, the interest rate risk in 2022 was not lower than the previous year. At the end of 2022, the value of interest rate sensitive assets was substantially lower than at year-end 2021, but at the same time interest rates in 2022 were more volatile as a result of the higher inflation rate.

Sava Re interest rate risk

Given that according to the prescribed methodology for the calculation of technical provisions, Sava Re does not have interest-rate sensitive technical provisions, changes in market interest rates are only reflected in the value of the investment portfolio. The interest-rate sensitive investment portfolio includes government and corporate bonds, loans granted, bond and convertible mutual funds with a weight of 1, and mixed mutual funds with a weight of 0.5.

Results of the sensitivity analysis

Sava Re 31 Dec 2022
EUR -100 bp
Type of security Value Post-stress value Change in value Value Post-stress value Change in value
Government bonds 214,340,275 208,827,401 -5,512,874 214,340,275 219,559,039 5,218,763
Corporate bonds 73,992,930 71,399,490 -2,593,440 73,992,930 76,740,554 2,747,624
Bond mutual funds 2,246,501 2,183,313 -63,189 2,246,501 2,308,631 62,130
Other interest rate sensitive assets 1,840,393 1,784,834 -55,560 1,840,393 1,899,098 58,705
Total 292,420,100 284,195,038 -8,225,062 292,420,100 300,507,322 8,087,222
Effect on equity - - -8,018,375 - - 7,866,979
Effect on the income statement - - -206,687 - - 220,243

Sava Re

31 Dec 2022

EUR +100 bp -100 bp
Type of security Value Post-stress value Change in value Value Post-stress value Change in value
Government bonds 180,187,341 173,888,217 -6,299,124 180,187,341 186,926,993 6,739,652
Corporate bonds 104,042,047 99,877,407 -4,164,640 104,042,047 108,516,256 4,474,208
Bond mutual funds 2,648,312 2,551,130 -97,182 2,648,312 2,752,461 104,149
Other interest rate sensitive assets 2,572,974 2,512,269 -60,705 2,572,974 2,638,032 65,059
Total 289,450,674 278,829,023 -10,621,651 289,450,674 300,833,742 11,383,068
Effect on equity - - -10,133,529 - - 10,853,406
Effect on the income statement - - -488,121 - - 529,662

The sensitivity analysis showed that an increase in interest rates would lower the value of the investment portfolio included in the analysis by EUR 8.2 million (31 December 2021: EUR 10.6 million) or 2.8% (31 December 2021: 3.7%).

The portfolio's interest rate sensitivity was slightly lower than the previous year, but in contrast the expected volatility of market interest rates increased due to the macroeconomic situation. We estimate that the interest rate risk remained at about the same level as the previous year.

17.7.4.1.2 Investment property risk

The Group and Sava Re are exposed to investment property risk within investment portfolio risks. In addition to investment property, real estate funds shown as alternative investments under financial investments are also exposed to this risk.

The following two tables show the value of investment property of the Group and

Sava Re.

Investment property

Investment property
EUR
31 Dec 2022 As % of total portfolio
as at 31 Dec 2022
31 Dec 2021 As % of total portfolio
as at 31 Dec 2021
Absolute change Change in structure
(p.p.)
Investment property 22,795,759 1.6% 14,281,192 0.9% 8,514,567 0.7
Real estate funds 16,497,061 1.2% 15,846,059 1.0% 651,003 0.2
Total 39,292,820 2.8% 30,127,250 1.9% 9,165,570 0.9
Sava Re
EUR
31 Dec 2022 As % of total portfolio
as at 31 Dec 2022
31 Dec 2021 As % of total portfolio
as at 31 Dec 2021
Absolute change Change in structure
(p.p.)
Investment property 7,721,693 1.1% 7,899,693 1.1% -178,000 0.0
Real estate funds 4,584,214 0.7% 4,423,724 0.6% 160,490 0.0
Total 12,305,907 1.9% 12,323,417 1.9% -17,510 0.0

As at 31 December 2022, the value of the Group's investments exposed to property risk stood at EUR 39.3 million (31 December 2021: EUR 30.1 million) and increased by EUR 9.2 million compared to the previous period on account of business premises not used for the performance of core business classified as investment property. As at 31 December 2022, the value of the Sava Re investments exposed to investment property risk stood at EUR 12.3 million (31 December 2021: EUR 12.3 million) and remained at the same level as in the previous period.

Property risk was assessed by applying a 15% decrease to the value of investments. The result is shown in the tables below.

Sava Insurance Group 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
EUR Value Post-stress value Change in value Value Post-stress value Change in value
Investment property 22,795,759 19,376,395 -3,419,364 14,281,192 12,139,013 -2,142,179
Real estate funds 16,497,061 14,022,502 -2,474,559 15,846,059 13,469,150 -2,376,909
Total 39,292,820 33,398,897 -5,893,923 30,127,250 25,608,163 -4,519,088
Sava Re 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
EUR Value Post-stress value Change in value Value Post-stress value Change in value
Investment property 7,721,693 6,563,439 -1,158,254 7,899,693 6,714,739 -1,184,954
Real estate funds 4,584,214 3,896,582 -687,632 4,423,724 3,760,165 -663,559
Total 12,305,907 10,460,021 -1,845,886 12,323,417 10,474,905 -1,848,513

In the case of such a shock, the value of the Group's investments exposed to investment property risk would decrease by EUR 6.0 million, while the value of investments of Sava Re exposed to investment property risk would decrease by EUR 1.8 million.

17.7.4.1.3 Equity risk

Assets exposed to the risk include shares, equity and mixed mutual funds (a stress test takes into account half of the value) and alternative funds (infrastructure). Unlike the bond portfolio, which moves inversely to interest rates, the value of equities and mutual funds changes linearly with stock prices. A 10% drop in the value of equity securities to assess the sensitivity of the Group's investments to equity risk would result in a decrease in the value of investments by EUR 8.5 million (31 December 2021: EUR 9.8 million). Thus, a 20% fall in equity prices would reduce the value of investments by EUR 17.0 million (31 December 2021: EUR 19.7 million). The Group shows the highest concentration of equity risk is to Slovenia-based issuers. The value of investments in Slovenian-issued equity securities at year-end 2022 stood at EUR 8.1 million, accounting for 9.4% of all assets sensitive to changes in equity securities (2021: EUR 12.8 million, 13.0%).

Equity investments included in the sensitivity analysis

Sava Insurance Group As % of total portfolio
as at 31 December
As % of total portfolio
as at 31 December
Absolute change
31 Dec 2022 –
Change in structure
EUR 31 Dec 2022 2022 31 Dec 2021 2021 31 Dec 2021 (p.p.)
Shares 23,109,878 1.7% 35,965,685 2.3% -12,855,808 -0.6
of which Slovenian shares 8,070,670 0.6% 12,797,641 0.8% -4,726,971 -0.2
Equity and mixed mutual funds 8,062,709 0.6% 17,967,179 1.1% -9,904,470 -0.6
Infrastructure funds 53,856,376 3.9% 44,532,966 2.8% 9,323,410 1.1
Total 85,028,962 6.1% 98,465,831 6.3% -13,436,868 -0.1

Sensitivity assessment of equity investments

Sava Insurance Group 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
EUR Value Post-stress value Change in value Value Post-stress value Change in value
Investments sensitive to equity risk - - - - - -
loss of 10% 85,028,962 76,526,066 -8,502,896 98,465,831 88,619,248 -9,846,583
loss of 20% 85,028,962 68,023,170 -17,005,792 98,465,831 78,772,665 -19,693,166

The Sava Insurance Group's exposure to equity risk decreased slightly in 2022 compared to year-end 2021 due to a decreased exposure to shares and mutual funds. We estimate that the risk remained at similar levels in 2022 due to increased uncertainty in equity investment trends.

Sava Re's assets exposed to equity risk include equities, equity and mutual funds, and infrastructure funds. Investments in subsidiaries are excluded from stress tests, as the Group and the Company assess their value in accordance with the policy described in section 17.4.13 "Financial investments in subsidiaries and associates". As at 31 December 2022, investments exposed to the equity risk accounted for 3.8% of Sava Re's investment portfolio, 0.2 p.p. more compared to year-end 2021.

Equity investments included in the sensitivity analysis

Sava Re As % of total
portfolio
As % of total
portfolio
Absolute change
31 Dec 2022 –
Change in structure
EUR 31 Dec 2022 as at 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 as at 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 (p.p.)
Shares 5,599,554 0.8% 6,850,703 1.0% -1,251,149 -0.2
of which Slovenian shares 5,411,009 0.8% 6,681,248 1.0% -1,270,239 -0.2
Equity mutual funds 1,687,481 0.2% 3,362,993 0.5% -1,675,513 -0.2
Infrastructure funds 18,843,871 2.7% 14,554,843 2.1% 4,289,029 0.6
Total 26,130,906 3.8% 24,768,539 3.6% 1,362,367 0.2

Sensitivity assessment of equity investments

Sava Re 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
EUR Value Post-stress value Change in value Value Post-stress value Change in value
Investments sensitive to equity risk
loss of 10% 26,130,906 23,517,815 -2,613,091 24,768,539 22,291,685 -2,476,854
loss of 20% 26,130,906 20,904,725 -5,226,181 24,768,539 19,814,831 -4,953,708

In order to assess the sensitivity of investments to equity risk, we assume a 10% drop in the value of all equity securities included in the stress test, which would result in a drop in the value of investments by EUR 2.6 million (31 December 2021: EUR 2.5 million). Thus, a 20% drop in equity prices would reduce the value of investments by EUR 5.23 million (31 December 2021: EUR 5.0 million).

Sava Re shows the highest concentration of equity risk to Slovenia-based issuers. The value of investments in equity securities of Slovenian issuers at year-end 2022 stood at EUR 5.4 million, representing 20.6% of assets sensitive to changes in equity securities (2021: EUR 6.7 million, 27.0%).

The Group's and Sava Re's equity risk increased slightly in 2022.

Risk related to financial investments in
subsidiaries and associates of the Sava Insurance
Group and Sava Re
Regarding the risk related to their financial invest
ments in associates, the Sava Insurance Group and
Sava Re are mostly exposed to the risk of a decline in
the value of these investments. As at 31 December
2022, the Group's total exposure to the risk of fi
nancial investments in subsidiaries and associates was

EUR 21.9 million (31 December 2021: EUR 20.5 million).

The following table shows the sensitivity of investments in associates to changes in value.

Assessed sensitivity of Sava Insurance Group's investments in associates

Sava Insurance Group 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
EUR Value Post-stress value Change in value Value Post-stress value Change in value
Decrease in value of 10% 21,856,109 19,670,498 -2,185,611 20,479,729 18,431,756 -2,047,973
Decrease in value of 20% 21,856,109 17,484,887 -4,371,222 20,479,729 16,383,783 -4,095,946
Value decrease of largest subsidiary of 10% 21,856,109 19,670,498 -2,185,611 20,479,729 18,431,756 -2,047,973
Value decrease of largest subsidiary of 20% 21,856,109 17,484,887 -4,371,222 20,479,729 16,383,783 -4,095,946
Regarding the risk related to its financial investments in sub ment in Zavarovalnica Sava, the value of which as at 31 De subsidiaries and associates was EUR 322.9 million (31 De
sidiaries and associates, Sava Re is especially exposed to the cember 2022 accounted for 38.2% (31 December 2021: cember 2021: EUR 324.1 million).
risk of a decline in these investments and to concentration
risk. In 2021, Sava Re's financial investments in subsidiaries
38.1%) of the total value of its financial investments in sub
The following table shows the sensitivity of investments in
sidiaries and associates. As at 31 December 2022, Sava Re's
subsidiaries and associates to changes in value.

and associates included one major exposure, i.e. the invest-

total exposure to the risk related to financial investments in

Assessed sensitivity of investments in subsidiaries and associates of Sava Re

Sava Re 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
EUR Value Post-stress value Change in value Value Post-stress value Change in value
Decrease in value of 10% 322,935,793 290,642,214 -32,293,579 324,129,991 291,716,992 -32,412,999
Decrease in value of 20% 322,935,793 258,348,635 -64,587,159 324,129,991 259,303,993 -64,825,998
Value decrease of largest subsidiary of 10% 123,364,958 111,028,462 -12,336,496 123,364,958 111,028,462 -12,336,496
Value decrease of largest subsidiary of 20% 123,364,958 98,691,967 -24,672,992 123,364,958 98,691,966 -24,672,992

Sava Re's exposure to the risk related to financial investments in subsidiaries and associates was at a similar level in 2022 as in 2021. Taking account of all the impacts, we believe that the risk related to participations remained moderate due to their active management.

The Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re manage the risk related to their financial investments in subsidiaries and

associates through active management of the companies, comprising:

  • a governance system (management and supervision), and clear segregation of responsibilities at all levels;
  • risk management policy;
  • systematic risk management with a three-lines-of-defence framework (detailed in section 11 "Risk manage-

ment");

• the setting of business and risk management strategies from the top down, taking into account both the Group as a whole as well as its individual members;

• a comprehensive system of monitoring operations, reporting on business results and risks at all levels.

17.7.4.1.4 Currency risk

As at 31 December 2022, the Sava Insurance Group recorded 9.0% of liabilities nominated in a foreign currency (2021: 8.6%).

The Sava Insurance Group manages currency risk through the efforts of each company to optimise asset-liability currency matching. Based on the market situation, individual companies assess the ability of

currency matching in the primary currency, and, if this is not possible, the transaction currency is used for matching.

The following table includes the currency mismatch for the Sava Insurance Group for the five currencies that account for the largest share of liabilities. The mismatch is shown by both the settlement currency and the transaction currency.

Currency (mis)match as at 31 December 2022 (all amounts translated to euros)

Sava Insurance Group
Currency
Assets Equity and liabilities Mismatch Matched liabilities
(%)
Euro (EUR) 2,268,028,691 2,305,094,382 - -
Foreign currencies 265,973,967 228,908,276 - -
US dollar (USD) 61,521,657 38,768,371 22,753,286 158.7
Croatian kuna (HRK) 26,939,100 31,784,081 4,844,981 84.8
Serbian dinar (RSD) 41,829,236 26,401,789 15,427,447 158.4
Macedonian denar (MKD) 33,515,681 19,435,834 14,079,847 172.4
Korean won (KRW) 21,037,085 20,402,471 634,614 103.1
Other 81,131,208 92,115,730 10,984,522 88.1
Total 2,534,002,658 2,534,002,658 68,724,697 -
Currency-matched liabilities (%) - - 97.3% -

Currency (mis)match as at 31 December 2021 (all amounts translated to euros)

Sava Insurance Group
Currency
Assets Equity and liabilities Mismatch Matched liabilities
(%)
Euro (EUR) 2,383,196,350 2,428,623,444 - -
Foreign currencies 275,126,009 229,698,916 - -
US dollar (USD) 70,833,678 39,538,332 31,295,346 179.2
Croatian kuna (HRK) 28,445,422 36,340,161 7,894,739 78.3
Serbian dinar (RSD) 40,050,567 23,087,728 16,962,839 173.5
Macedonian denar (MKD) 33,539,880 16,833,540 16,706,340 199.2
Korean won (KRW) 14,800,937 16,595,883 1,794,946 89.2
Other 87,455,525 97,303,272 9,847,747 89.9
Total 2,658,322,359 2,658,322,359 84,501,957 -
Currency-matched liabilities (%) - - 96.8% -

Transaction currency (mis)match as at 31 December 2022 (all amounts translated to euros)

Sava Insurance Group
Currency
Assets Equity and liabilities Mismatch Matched liabilities
(%)
Euro (EUR) 2,295,767,620 2,338,143,685 - -
Foreign currencies 238,235,039 195,858,974 - -
US dollar (USD) 67,646,921 54,428,422 13,218,499 124.3
Croatian kuna (HRK) 21,037,085 20,402,471 634,614 103.1
Serbian dinar (RSD) 13,485,469 11,058,536 2,426,933 121.9
Macedonian denar (MKD) 8,387,172 8,666,558 279,385 96.8
Korean won (KRW) 3,131,410 1,848,597 1,282,813 169.4
Other 124,546,981 99,454,390 25,092,591 125.2
Total 2,534,002,658 2,534,002,658 42,934,836
Currency-matched liabilities (%) - - 98.3% -

Transaction currency (mis)match as at 31 December 2021 (all amounts translated to euros)

Sava Insurance Group
Currency
Assets Equity and liabilities Mismatch Matched liabilities
(%)
Euro (EUR) 2,384,158,817 2,431,088,936 - -
Foreign currencies 274,163,542 227,233,424 - -
US dollar (USD) 75,651,244 54,222,526 21,428,718 139.5
Croatian kuna (HRK) 28,445,422 36,340,161 7,894,739 78.3
Serbian dinar (RSD) 40,050,567 23,087,728 16,962,839 173.5
Macedonian denar (MKD) 33,539,880 16,833,540 16,706,340 199.2
Korean won (KRW) 14,800,937 16,595,883 1,794,946 89.2
Other 81,675,491 80,153,585 1,521,906 101.9
Total 2,658,322,359 2,658,322,359 66,309,488 -
Currency-matched liabilities (%) - - 97.5% -

The Sava Insurance Group shows high levels of exposure to the currencies of the countries in which its subsidiaries operate. The Sava Insurance Group manages a high level of currency matching by monitoring assets and liabilities matching at the level of individual companies and portfolio.

Impact of a 10-percent increase or decrease in the exchange rate as at 31 December 2022 (all amounts translated into euros)

Sava Insurance Group
Currency
Assets less equity and
liabilities (mismatch)
Effect of 10% rise in
exchange rate
Effect of 10% drop in
exchange rate
Foreign currencies 37,065,691 3,706,569 -3,706,569
US dollar (USD) 22,753,286 2,275,329 -2,275,329
Croatian kuna (HRK) -4,844,981 -484,498 484,498
Serbian dinar (RSD) 15,427,447 1,542,745 -1,542,745
Macedonian denar (MKD) 14,079,847 1,407,985 -1,407,985
Korean won (KRW) 634,614 63,461 -63,461
Other -10,984,522 -1,098,452 1,098,452
Effect on income statement - 3,706,569 -3,706,569

Impact of a 10-percent increase or decrease in the exchange rate as at 31 December 2021 (all amounts translated into euros)

Sava Insurance Group
Currency
Assets less equity and
liabilities (mismatch)
Effect of 10% rise in
exchange rate
Effect of 10% drop in
exchange rate
Foreign currencies 45,427,093 4,542,709 -4,542,709
US dollar (USD) 31,295,346 3,129,535 -3,129,535
Croatian kuna (HRK) -7,894,739 -789,474 789,474
Serbian dinar (RSD) 16,962,839 1,696,284 -1,696,284
Macedonian denar (MKD) 16,706,340 1,670,634 -1,670,634
Korean won (KRW) -1,794,946 -179,495 179,495
Other -9,847,747 -984,775 984,775
Effect on income statement - 4,542,709 -4,542,709

Sava Re is the Sava Insurance Group member with the largest exposure to currency risk.

As at 31 December 2022, the Company's liabilities denominated in foreign currencies accounted for 17.1% of its total liabilities. As the proportion of international business is rising (as is the number of different currencies), Sava Re has put in place rules on currency matching. It took measures for the matching of assets and liabilities in foreign currencies aimed at decreasing currency risk. The currency matching rules lays down the criteria as to when the Company is to start the currency matching by accounting currency139. Based on

139 The accounting currency is the local currency used in the accounting documentation. Reinsurance contracts may be accounted for in various accounting currencies. Generally, this is the currency of liabilities and receivables due from cedants, and hence also the reinsurer. 140 The transaction currency is the currency in which reinsurance contract transactions are processed.

the market situation, the Company assesses the ability of currency matching in the primary currency, and if this is not possible, the transaction currency is to be used for matching140. The currency matching rules of a company define the conditions and method of matching. Currency matching of assets and liabilities using the accounting and transaction currency methodology is shown in the table "Transaction currency match".

Currency mismatch of assets and liabilities is monitored by individual accounting currency. The following table includes the currency mismatch for the five currencies that account for the largest share of liabilities.

Currency (mis)match as at 31 December 2022 (all amounts translated to euros)

Sava Re
Currency
Assets Equity and liabilities Mismatch Matched liabilities
(%)
Euro (EUR) 717,623,339 715,471,971 - -
Foreign currencies 145,482,233 147,633,601 - -
US dollar (USD) 48,755,317 38,270,354 10,484,963 127.4
Korean won (KRW) 21,037,085 20,402,471 634,614 103.1
Chinese yuan (CNY) 13,485,469 11,058,536 2,426,933 121.9
Indian rupee (INR) 6,511,366 4,705,449 1,805,918 138.4
Taka (BDT) 3,352,249 10,344,296 6,992,046 32.4
Other 52,340,746 62,852,495 10,511,749 83.3
Total 863,105,571 863,105,571 32,856,223 -
% currency matched - - 96.2% -
Currency (mis)match as at 31 December 2021 (all amounts translated to euros)
-- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- -- -- -- -- --
Sava Re
Currency
Assets Equity and liabilities Mismatch Matched liabilities
(%)
Euro (EUR) 690,155,277 686,687,328 - -
Foreign currencies 141,923,479 145,391,429 - -
US dollar (USD) 51,534,886 38,865,102 12,669,784 132.6
Korean won (KRW) 14,800,938 16,595,883 1,794,945 89.2
Chinese yuan (CNY) 11,508,020 11,186,734 321,287 102.9
Indian rupee (INR) 7,689,555 5,903,170 1,786,385 130.3
Taka (BDT) 3,015,573 9,926,558 6,910,985 30.4
Other 53,374,507 62,913,983 9,539,475 84.8
Total 832,078,756 832,078,756 33,022,860 -
% currency matched - - 96.0% -

Transaction currency (mis)match as at 31 December 2022 (all amounts translated to euros)

Sava Re
Currency
Assets Equity and liabilities Mismatch Matched liabilities
(%)
Euro (EUR) 719,155,770 717,383,000 - -
Foreign currencies 143,949,802 145,722,571 - -
US dollar (USD) 54,880,581 53,930,405 950,176 101.8
Korean won (KRW) 21,037,085 20,402,471 634,614 103.1
Chinese yuan (CNY) 13,485,469 11,058,536 2,426,933 121.9
Indian rupee (INR) 8,387,172 8,666,558 279,385 96.8
Russian rouble (RUB) 3,131,410 1,848,597 1,282,813 169.4
Other 43,028,084 49,816,004 6,787,920 86.4
Total 863,105,571 863,105,571 12,361,842 -
% currency matched - - 98.6% -

ility
if
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of a
ch-
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ogy

Transaction currency (mis)match as at 31 December 2021 (all amounts translated to euros)

Sava Re
Currency
Assets Equity and liabilities Mismatch Matched liabilities
(%)
Euro (EUR) 691,117,745 689,152,589 - -
Foreign currencies 140,961,012 142,926,168 - -
US dollar (USD) 56,352,452 53,549,296 2,803,156 105.2
Korean won (KRW) 14,800,938 16,595,883 1,794,945 89.2
Chinese yuan (CNY) 11,508,020 11,186,734 321,287 102.9
Indian rupee (INR) 8,960,928 9,291,991 331,063 96.4
Russian rouble (RUB) 3,858,328 3,996,289 137,961 96.5
Other 45,480,345 48,305,975 2,825,631 94.2
Total 832,078,756 832,078,756 8,214,041 -
% currency matched - - 99.0% -

Sava Re has set itself a target of matching assets and liabilities at least 90%. In 2022 assets and liabilities were matched 96.2% (2021: 96.0%).

In the management of currency risk (management aspect), Sava Re managed to directly match all substantially liquid currencies. Other currencies were matched based on their correlation with the euro or the US dollar. As the US dollar is used for currency matching purposes for the currencies closely correlated to its value, the excess of assets over liabilities in US dollars decreased to EUR 1.0 million (from EUR 10.5 million). This further increased the currency matching percentage to 98.6% (2021: 99.0%).

Impact of a 10-percent increase or decrease in the exchange rate as at 31 December 2022 (all amounts translated into euros)

Sava Re
Currency
Assets less equity and
liabilities (mismatch)
Effect of 10% rise in
exchange rate
Effect of 10% drop in
exchange rate
Foreign currencies -2,151,368 - -
US dollar (USD) 10,484,963 1,048,496 -1,048,496
Korean won (KRW) 634,614 63,461 -63,461
Chinese yuan (CNY) 2,426,933 242,693 -242,693
Indian rupee (INR) 1,805,918 180,592 -180,592
Russian rouble (RUB) -6,992,046 -699,205 699,205
Other -10,511,749 -1,051,175 1,051,175
Effect on income statement - -215,137 215,137

Impact of a 10-percent increase or decrease in the exchange rate as at 31 December 2021 (all amounts translated into euros)

Sava Re
Currency
Assets less equity and
liabilities (mismatch)
Effect of 10% rise in
exchange rate
Effect of 10% drop in
exchange rate
Foreign currencies -3,467,951 - -
US dollar (USD) 12,669,784 1,266,978 -1,266,978
Korean won (KRW) -1,794,945 -179,495 179,495
Chinese yuan (CNY) 321,286 32,129 -32,129
Indian rupee (INR) 1,786,385 178,638 -178,639
Russian rouble (RUB) -6,910,985 -691,099 691,098
Other -9,539,476 -953,948 953,948
Effect on income statement - -346,797 346,795

The Company also uses a stochastic analysis to measure currency risk and to predict the average surplus funds as well as the 5th percentile of surplus funds after one year from the risk valuation date.

Based on exchange rates to which Sava Re has been exposed to over the past five years and the corresponding euro equivalent surpluses of assets and liabilities as at 31 December 2022, we made a stochastic analysis that projected that, assuming an unaltered currency structure, after one year the average surplus of assets over liabilities would be EUR 0.8 million (31 December 2021: EUR 0.1 million), but with a 5-percent probability that the deficit of assets exceeds EUR 0.7 million (31 December 2021: EUR 0.3 million).

Effect of exchange differences on the income statement

A currency mismatch also affects profit or loss through accounting for exchange rate differences due to the impact of exchange rate changes on various statement of financial position items.

When assets and liabilities are 100% matched in terms of foreign currencies, changes in exchange rates have no impact on profit or loss. This is because any change in the value of assets denominated in a foreign currency as a result of a change in the exchange rate is offset by the change in the value of liabilities denominated in that currency. As Sava Re's assets and liabilities are not 100% currency matched, changes in exchange rates do affect profit or loss. The following table shows the impact of exchange differences.

Effect of exchange differences on the income statement

Sava Insurance Group

Total effect on the income statement 1,149,397 -846,163
Receivables and liabilities -830,268 181,573
Technical provisions and deferred commissions 747,462 -5,443,466
Investments 1,232,203 4,415,730
Euro (EUR) 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Statement of financial position item Exchange differences

Sava Re

Total effect on the income statement 1,040,910 -512,900
Receivables and liabilities -982,717 439,083
Technical provisions and deferred commissions 449,965 -4,658,448
Investments 1,573,662 3,706,465
Euro (EUR) 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Statement of financial position item Exchange differences
e We estımate th
d mained the san
bili- Sava Re is takir
cted currency risk, a
oth- assets and liabi
ed - currencies and
ne cies, and thus r
h
tive

Other Group companies whose local currency is the euro (companies based in Slovenia, Montenegro and Kosovo) have the majority of euro-denominated liabilities, while a process of currency matching is conducted with regard to liabilities denominated in currencies other than euro when the materiality threshold is exceeded. Group companies whose local currency is not the euro (companies based in Croatia, Serbia and North Macedonia), transact most business in their respective local currencies, while due to Group relations, they are to a minor extent subject to euro-related currency risk.

We estimate that currency risk at the Group level remained the same in 2022 compared to 2021 since Sava Re is taking measures to reduce exposure to currency risk, and it continues currency matching of assets and liabilities both directly based on accounting currencies and indirectly based on transaction currencies, and thus reduces exposure to currency risk.

17.7.4.2 Liquidity risk

Individual Group companies manage liquidity risk in line with the guidelines laid down in the Sava Re Group liquidity risk management policy. Each Group member carefully plans and monitors the realisation of cash flows (cash inflows and outflows), and in the case of liquidity problems, informs the parent company, which assesses the situation and provides the necessary funds to ensure liquidity.

Liquidity risk assumed by an individual Group company is also reduced by the regular measurement and monitoring of selected liquidity indicators. The maturity matching of financial assets and liabilities is one of the key indicators.

Liquidity requirements are met by allocating funds to money market instruments in the percentage consistent with the estimated normal current liquidity requirement. In this regard, each EU-based Group com-

pany maintains a liquidity buffer of highly liquid assets
accounting for at least 20% of its investment portfolio.
Highly liquid assets are intended to provide liquidity to
meet any extraordinary liquidity requirements and are
available on an ongoing basis. The other Group mem
bers manage their short-term liquidity requirements
through cash in bank accounts and short-term depos
its.

The table below shows the value of financial invest-

ments and technical provisions covering life policies by year based on undiscounted cash flows, while the value of technical provisions covering non-life business is shown by year and expected maturity based on triangular development. The Group companies cover the excess of liabilities over assets with a maturity of less than one year with assets available on call and through surplus cash flows arising out of current operations.

Maturity profile of financial assets and liabilities

Sava Insurance Group Carrying amount as at
EUR 31 Dec 2022 Callable Up to 1 year 1–5 years Over 5 years No maturity Total 31 Dec 2022
Financial investments 1,297,012,769 0 232,017,764 740,370,497 478,666,656 115,621,046 1,566,675,964
- At fair value through profit or loss 18,982,740 0 12,335,203 31,272,621 25,862,092 3,375,046 72,844,962
- Held to maturity 46,253,623 0 2,932,548 40,068,669 -21,369,626 0 21,631,591
- Loans and deposits 31,000,347 0 21,820,048 9,845,198 1,098,454 0 32,763,700
- Available-for-sale 1,200,776,058 0 194,929,966 659,184,008 473,075,736 112,246,000 1,439,435,711
Reinsurers' share of technical provisions 65,600,524 0 33,778,320 21,682,008 9,537,704 602,492 65,600,524
Cash and cash equivalents 78,350,658 18,010,285 60,340,373 0 0 0 78,350,658
TOTAL ASSETS 1,440,963,950 18,010,285 326,136,457 762,052,505 488,204,360 116,223,538 1,710,627,146
Subordinated liabilities 74,924,356 0 2,812,500 11,250,000 80,625,000 0 94,687,500
Technical provisions 1,249,942,508 0 566,269,542 415,735,934 266,627,717 1,309,315 1,249,942,508
TOTAL LIABILITIES 1,324,866,864 0 569,082,042 426,985,934 347,252,717 1,309,315 1,344,630,008
Difference 116,097,086 18,010,285 -242,945,585 335,066,571 140,951,643 114,914,223 365,997,138

Sava Insurance Group Carrying amount as at
EUR 31 Dec 2021 Callable Up to 1 year 1–5 years Over 5 years No maturity Total 31 Dec 2021
Financial investments 1,472,688,443 0 235,336,192 596,389,507 633,445,005 132,205,788 1,597,376,491
- At fair value through profit or loss 34,386,074 0 1,236,917 7,858,636 34,811,763 5,085,711 48,993,028
- Held to maturity 40,023,124 0 8,745,779 25,597,236 12,884,627 0 47,227,642
- Loans and deposits 29,846,572 0 26,423,579 4,682,169 1,081,936 0 32,187,685
- Available-for-sale 1,368,432,673 0 198,929,916 558,251,465 584,666,679 127,120,077 1,468,968,137
Reinsurers' share of technical provisions 57,767,056 0 29,849,258 18,639,883 8,655,550 622,365 57,767,056
Cash and cash equivalents 73,977,510 21,344,906 52,632,604 0 0 0 73,977,510
TOTAL ASSETS 1,604,433,008 21,344,906 317,818,054 615,029,390 642,100,555 132,828,153 1,729,121,058
Subordinated liabilities 74,863,524 0 2,812,500 11,250,000 83,437,500 0 97,500,000
Technical provisions 1,237,500,117 0 518,952,517 427,586,458 287,797,347 3,163,795 1,237,500,117
TOTAL LIABILITIES 1,312,363,641 0 521,765,017 438,836,458 371,234,847 3,163,795 1,335,000,117
Difference 292,069,367 21,344,906 -203,946,963 176,192,932 270,865,708 129,664,358 394,120,941

The gap between the value of assets and liabilities with a maturity of up to one year is managed through operational liquidity management and an adequate amount of highly liquid assets.

As at 31 December 2022, highly liquid investments of the Sava Insurance Group represented 43.0% (31 December 2021: 37.5%) of the entire investment portfolio, which demonstrates its high liquidity.

Sava Re manages liquidity risk by ensuring funds in the amount of the estimated liquidity requirement. This comprises estimated ordinary current liquidity needs and liquidity reserves, which are ensured through the allocation of funds in money market instruments and through setting minimum percentages of portfolios that must be invested in highly liquid assets readily available to provide liquidity in case of emergency.

Sava Re makes the normal current liquidity assessment based on the projected cash flow analysis in the period of up to one year included in the monthly and weekly plans, which take into account the planned investment maturity dynamics as well as other inflows and outflows from operating activities. To this end, historical data from previous monthly and weekly liquidity plans and projections regarding future operations are used. The liquidity reserve is then calculated on the basis of an assessment of the maximum weekly outflows based on historical data.

Exposure to liquidity risk is also measured by maturity-matching of assets and liabilities. The following table shows the value of financial investments by year based on undiscounted cash flows, while the value of technical provisions is shown by year and expected maturity based on triangular development.

Maturity profile of financial assets and liabilities

Sava Re Carrying amount as at
EUR 31 Dec 2022 Callable Up to 1 year 1–5 years Over 5 years No maturity Total 31 Dec 2022
Financial investments 333,328,717 0 89,849,332 172,743,508 75,004,603 30,836,206 368,433,649
- At fair value through profit or loss 5,374,259 0 1,523,800 745,200 7,320,306 98,256 9,687,562
- Held to maturity 2,075,395 0 102,500 2,307,500 0 0 2,410,000
- Loans and deposits 12,175,362 0 10,797,231 1,505,372 134,309 0 12,436,913
- Available-for-sale 313,703,700 0 77,425,800 168,185,436 67,549,989 30,737,950 343,899,174
Reinsurers' share of technical provisions 55,484,147 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cash and cash equivalents 23,926,029 8,080,000 15,846,029 0 0 0 23,926,029
TOTAL ASSETS 412,738,893 8,080,000 105,695,361 172,743,508 75,004,603 30,836,206 392,359,678
Subordinated liabilities 74,924,356 0 2,812,500 11,250,000 80,625,000 0 94,687,500
Technical provisions 347,000,232 0 158,796,236 129,842,625 58,361,371 0 347,000,232
TOTAL LIABILITIES 421,924,588 0 161,608,736 141,092,625 138,986,371 0 441,687,732
Difference -9,185,695 8,080,000 -55,913,376 31,650,883 -63,981,768 30,836,206 -49,328,054

Sava Re Carrying amount as at
EUR 31 Dec 2021 Callable Up to 1 year 1–5 years Over 5 years No maturity Total 31 Dec 2021
Financial investments 327,784,595 0 61,698,421 146,698,011 98,031,895 29,192,263 335,620,590
- At fair value through profit or loss 9,283,045 0 291,920 3,357,700 9,718,539 126,024 13,494,183
- Held to maturity 2,816,979 0 844,500 2,410,000 0 0 3,254,500
- Loans and deposits 12,183,310 0 10,898,506 711,716 716,862 0 12,327,085
- Available-for-sale 303,501,261 0 49,663,495 140,218,595 87,596,494 29,066,239 306,544,822
Reinsurers' share of technical provisions 48,486,444 0 21,952,110 18,054,742 8,479,592 0 48,486,444
Cash and cash equivalents 28,806,817 8,000,000 20,806,817 0 0 0 28,806,817
TOTAL ASSETS 405,077,857 8,000,000 104,457,348 164,752,754 106,511,487 29,192,263 412,913,851
Subordinated liabilities 74,863,524 0 2,812,500 11,250,000 83,437,500 0 97,500,000
Technical provisions 331,812,724 0 150,641,099 123,274,509 57,897,117 0 331,812,724
TOTAL LIABILITIES 406,676,249 0 153,453,599 134,524,509 141,344,617 0 429,312,724
Difference -1,598,392 8,000,000 -48,996,251 30,228,245 -34,823,130 29,192,263 -16,398,873

Sava Re held EUR 185.1 million or 50.9% (31 December 2021: EUR 160.2 million; 45.3%) of highly liquid investments.

Sava Re's liabilities with up to 1 year's maturity at the end of 2022 exceeded short-term assets. Taking into consideration expected operating income and a high share of liquid investments, we estimate the Company's liquidity position as appropriate.

The average maturity of assets and liabilities also indicates the liquidity situation. The average maturity of bonds and deposits of the non-life insurance register was 2.79 years at year-end 2022 (31 December 2021: 3.81 years), while the expected maturity of liabilities was 2.76 years (31 December 2021: 2.84 years).

Based on the above, we estimate that the liquidity risk of Sava Re is well managed and did not change significantly compared to year-end 2021.

17.7.4.3 Credit risk

posits with cedants, bond and convertible mutual funds, reinsurers and other receivables.

Sava Re's exposure to credit risk

Assets exposed to credit risk include financial invest
ments (deposit investments, bonds, loans granted, de
and cash and cash equivalents), receivables due from
reinsurers and other receivables.
Sava Re
EUR
31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
The Group's exposure to credit risk Fixed-rate investments 328,403,707 327,399,150
Debt instruments 294,142,709 288,981,996
Sava Insurance Group
EUR
31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 Deposits with cedants 10,334,969 9,610,337
Fixed-rate investments 1,341,215,511 1,517,309,181 Cash and cash equivalents 23,926,029 28,806,817
Debt instruments 1,237,646,077 1,419,051,166 Receivables due from reinsurers 63,752,552 53,053,054
Deposits with cedants 10,334,969 9,610,337 Reinsurers' share of technical provisions 55,484,147 48,486,444
Cash and cash equivalents 93,234,465 88,647,678 Receivables for shares in claims 8,268,404 4,566,609
Receivables due from reinsurers 76,943,293 65,533,428 Receivables, excluding receivables arising out of reinsurance business 83,003,529 75,236,562
Reinsurers' share of technical provisions 65,600,524 57,767,056 Receivables arising out of primary insurance business 82,025,975 74,410,185
Receivables for shares in claims 11,342,769 7,766,372 Receivables arising out of co-insurance and reinsurance business 708,072 558,987
Other receivables 162,818,193 142,174,498 (excluding receivables for shares in claims)
Receivables arising out of primary insurance business 143,751,656 128,544,723 Current tax assets 49,594 0
Receivables arising out of co-insurance and reinsurance business
(other than receivables for shares in claims)
1,418,032 1,310,793 Other receivables
Total exposure
219,888
475,159,788
267,390
455,688,765
Current tax assets 3,945,207 330,518
Other receivables 13,703,298 11,988,464 Credit risk due to issuer default Credit risk for investments is estimated based on two
Total exposure 1,580,976,997 1,725,017,112 As at 31 December 2022, the Group was exposed to factors:

credit risk in the amount of EUR 1,341.2 million (31 December 2021: EUR 1,517.3 million).

As at 31 December 2022, the Company was exposed to credit risk in the amount of EUR 328.4 million (31 December 2021: EUR 327.4 million).

  • credit ratings used in determining credit risk for fixed-rate investments141 and cash assets142;
  • performance indicators for other investments.

Below we set out an assessment of credit risk for fixedrate investments.

141 Included are government bonds, corporate bonds, deposits and loans granted, deposits with cedants, bond and convertible mutual funds, and private debt fund investments. 142 This includes cash and demand deposits.

Fixed-rate investments by issuer credit rating*

Sava Insurance Group 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
EUR
Rated by S&P/Fitch
Amount Structure Amount Structure Change in
structure (p.p.)
AAA 271,703,967 21.7% 272,294,913 19.0% 2.7
AA 229,739,428 18.3% 201,403,974 14.1% 4.3
A 321,305,418 25.6% 424,557,880 29.7% -4.0
BBB 260,829,302 20.8% 341,065,905 23.8% -3.0
BB 57,371,966 4.6% 53,830,163 3.8% 0.8
B 15,014,634 1.2% 16,873,016 1.2% 0.0
Not rated 96,729,726 7.7% 120,980,656 8.5% -0.7
Total 1,252,694,441 100.0% 1,431,006,507 100.0% -

* The data for 2021 is different from the data in the 2021 annual report, because the table does not include the value of cash and cash equivalents. This is presented in the additional table below. Not-rated investments include private debt.

Investments – cash and cash equivalents by credit rating

Sava Insurance Group 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
EUR
Rated by S&P/Fitch
Amount Structure Amount Structure Change in
structure (p.p.)
A 124 0.0% 1,499,925 1.7% -1.7
BBB 38,565,530 41.4% 41,271,191 46.6% -5.2
BB 291,586 0.3% 1,870 0.0% 0.3
Not rated 54,377,223 58.3% 45,874,692 51.7% 6.6
Total 93,234,463 100.0% 88,647,678 100.0% -

As regards management of credit risk, the objective pursued by the Group determines that the share of debt instruments and cash and cash-equivalents accounts for at least 75% of the investment portfolio value. As at 31 December 2022, these assets represented 90.1% of the investment portfolio (31 December 2021: 90.9%).

As at 31 December 2022, fixed-rate investments rated
"A" or better accounted for 65.6% of the total fixed
rate portfolio (31 December 2021: 62.8%). The share
of the best-rated investments increased somewhat in

2022 compared with the previous year. Fixed-rate investments with no credit rating available accounted for 7.7% of fixed-rate investments.

Fixed-rate investments by issuer credit rating*

Sava Re 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
EUR
Rated by S&P/Fitch
Amount Structure Amount Structure Change in
structure (p.p.)
AAA 123,438,923 40.8% 101,082,457 33.9% 6.9
AA 76,283,976 25.2% 52,320,746 17.5% 7.7
A 53,810,756 17.8% 67,916,296 22.7% -5.0
BBB 32,149,991 10.6% 44,294,729 14.8% -4.2
BB 997,504 0.3% 1,014,564 0.3% 0.0
B 405,256 0.1% 752,966 0.3% -0.1
Not rated 17,391,271 5.1% 32,148,575 10.5% -5.3
Total 304,477,678 100.0% 299,530,334 100.0% -

* The data for 2021 is different from the data in the 2021 annual report, because the table does not include the value of cash and cash equivalents. This is presented in the additional table below. Not-rated investments also include private debt (MV Senior).

Investments – cash and cash equivalents by credit rating

Sava Re 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
EUR
Rated by S&P/Fitch
Amount Structure Amount Structure Change in
structure (p.p.)
A 124 0.0% 1,499,925 5.2% -5.2
BBB 14,877,410 62.2% 17,978,561 62.4% -0.2
Not rated 9,048,495 37.8% 9,328,331 32.4% 5.4
Total 23,926,029 100.0% 28,806,817 100.0% -

In terms of credit risk management, the Company strives to ensure that a material part of debt-based assets is invested in investments rated "A-" or better. As at 31 December 2022, debt investments rated "A" or better represented 83.8% of total investments (31 December 2021: 74.1%). The Company regularly monitors exposure to individual issuers and any changes in credit standing in order to be able to prepare for a timely response to any adverse developments in financial markets or increase in risk related to any issuer.

Sava Re mitigates credit risk with other investments through a high degree of diversification and by investing in liquid securities.

The investment portfolios of the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re are diversified in accordance with local law and Group internal rules in order to avoid large concentration in a certain type of investment, large concentration with any counterparty or economic sector or other potential forms of concentration.

Diversification of financial investments by industry

Sava Insurance Group 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
EUR
Industry
Amount Structure Amount Structure Change in
structure (p.p.)
Government 770,495,808 52.6% 759,704,436 46.2% 6.4
Banking 157,333,687 10.7% 193,717,225 11.8% -1.0
- Cash and cash equivalents 85,339,750 5.8% 79,270,472 4.8% 1.0
- Other 71,993,937 4.9% 114,446,754 7.0% -2.0
Utilities 132,795,813 9.1% 192,919,178 11.7% -2.7
Finance & insurance 126,163,944 8.6% 172,084,715 10.5% -1.8
Consumables 104,100,456 7.1% 139,401,765 8.5% -1.4
Industry 68,737,038 4.7% 93,011,474 5.7% -1.0
Property 53,856,376 3.7% 44,532,966 2.7% 1.0
Infrastructure 52,054,172 3.6% 50,530,503 3.1% 0.5
Total 1,465,537,294 100.0% 1,645,902,262 100.0% -

The table herein is different than in the annual report 2021, because the "Banking" heading is additionally divided into "Cash and cash equivalents" and other investments in the industry.

Diversification of financial investments by industry

Sava Re 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
EUR
Industry
Amount Structure Amount Structure Change in
structure (p.p.)
Government 215,692,875 59.1% 180,134,800 49.4% 9.7
Banking 38,872,331 10.7% 54,102,391 14.8% -4.2
- Cash and cash equivalents 23,926,029 6.6% 28,806,817 7.9% -1.3
- Other 14,946,302 4.1% 25,295,574 6.9% -2.8
Finance & insurance 26,700,430 7.3% 29,638,049 8.1% -0.8
Utilities 23,968,363 6.6% 33,368,605 9.2% -2.6
Infrastructure 18,843,871 5.2% 14,554,843 4.0% 1.2
Consumables 17,216,033 4.7% 22,428,066 6.2% -1.4
Property 15,149,931 4.2% 18,210,798 5.0% -0.8
Industry 8,532,604 2.3% 12,053,553 3.3% -1.0
Total 364,976,439 100.0% 364,491,106 100.0% -

The table herein is different than in the annual report 2021, because the "Banking" heading is additionally divided into "Cash and cash equivalents" and other investments in the industry

The Group had the highest exposure to government
bonds (31 December 2022: Germany 8.2%; 31 De
cember 2021: Slovenia 7.5%); Sava Re also had the
highest exposure to government bonds (31 December
2022: Germany 10.5%; 31 December 2021: Germany
7.5%).

U
- L

Diversification of financial investments by region

Sava Insurance Group 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
EUR
Region
Amount Structure Amount Structure Change in
structure (p.p.)
Slovenia 226,431,314 15.5% 259,798,182 15.8% -0.3
Europe, EU Member States 834,762,223 57.0% 927,044,832 56.3% 0.6
Europe, non-EU members 166,120,512 11.3% 184,540,165 11.2% 0.1
United States of America 150,720,068 10.3% 185,984,102 11.3% -1.0
Rest of the world 87,503,177 6.0% 88,534,980 5.4% 0.6
Total 1,465,537,294 100.0% 1,645,902,262 100.0% -

The Group's largest exposure by region is to the EU member states (31 December 2022: 57.0%, 31 December 2021: 56.3%), with the exposure spread among 25 countries. This is followed by the exposure to Slovenia-based issuers (31 December 2022: 15.5%; 31 December 2021: 15.8%) and the exposure to non-EU issuers (31 December 2022: 11.3%; 31 December 2021: 11.2%). Exposure to other regions did not change significantly compared to the end of 2021.

Diversification of financial investments by region

Sava Re 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
EUR
Region
Amount Structure Amount Structure Change in
structure (p.p.)
Slovenia 55,014,471 15.1% 63,088,191 17.3% -2.2
Europe, EU Member States 212,542,088 58.2% 203,948,992 56.0% 2.3
Europe, non-EU members 8,745,286 2.4% 11,187,081 3.1% -0.7
United States of America 44,825,050 12.3% 49,808,674 13.7% -1.4
Rest of the world 43,849,543 12.0% 36,458,167 10.0% 2.0
Total 364,976,439 100.0% 364,491,106 100.0% -

Sava Re's largest exposure is to EU Member States (31 December 2022: 58.2%, 31 December 2021: 56.0%), with the exposure spread among 22 countries. This is followed by the exposure to Slovenia-based issuers (31 December 2022: 15.1%; 31 December 2021: 17.3%) and exposure to issuers based in the United States of America (31 December 2022: 12.3%; 31 December 2021: 13.7%).

Exposure to Slovenia by asset type

Sava Insurance Group 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
EUR
Type of investment
Amount Structure Amount Structure Change in
structure (p.p.)
-1.1%
0.8%
-0.3%
-0.2%
Government bonds 102,970,435 7.0% 133,230,479 8.1%
Cash and cash equivalents 77,128,062 5.3% 73,729,658 4.5%
Corporate bonds 13,064,162 0.9% 19,857,583 1.2%
Shares 8,070,670 0.6% 12,797,641 0.8%
Investment property 19,595,377 1.3% 11,089,110 0.7% 0.7%
Deposits 0 0.0% 2,008,600 0.1% -0.1%
Loans granted 1,076,548 0.1% 1,300,812 0.1% 0.0%
Mutual funds 3,265,204 4,827,558 0.3% -0.1%
Infrastructure funds 1,260,856 0.1% 956,741 0.1% 0.0%
Sum total 226,431,314 15.4% 259,798,182 15.8% -0.3%

The Group's exposure to Slovenia decreased by 0.4 p.p. in 2022. As at 31 December 2022, investments in government bonds represented the largest exposure to Slovenia, the same as at 31 December 2021. They accounted for 7.0% of the total portfolio, down by 1.1 p.p. compared to the previous year.

Exposure to Slovenia by asset type

Sava Re 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
EUR
Type of investment
Amount Structure Amount Structure Change in
structure (p.p.)
-1.0
Cash and cash equivalents 22,551,153 6.2% 25,978,561 7.1%
Government bonds 12,354,289 3.4% 14,080,976 3.9% -0.5
Investment property 7,721,693 2.1% 7,899,693 2.2% -0.1
Shares 5,411,009 6,681,248 1.8% -0.4
Corporate bonds 3,962,278 1.1% 6,404,008 1.8% -0.7
Loans granted 1,753,193 0.5% 1,086,964 0.3% 0.2
Infrastructure funds 1,260,856 0.3% 956,741 0.3% 0.1
Total 55,014,471 15.1% 63,088,191 17.3% -2.3

At the year end, the exposure of Sava Re to Slovenia-based issuers was EUR 55.0 million, representing 15.1% of financial investments (31 December 2021: EUR 63.1 million; 17.3%). Compared to 31 December 2021, the share of such investments decreased by 2.3 p.p., chiefly due to the lower balance of cash and cash equivalents and shares.

As at 31 December 2022, the Group's exposure to the ten largest issuers was EUR 466.7 million, representing 31.8% of financial investments (31 December 2021: EUR 481.7 million; 29.3%). The largest single issuer of securities to which the Group is exposed is the Republic of Slovenia.

As at 31 December 2022, Sava Re's exposure to the ten largest issuers was EUR 150.5 million, representing 41.2% of financial investments (31 December 2021: EUR 134.6 million; 36.9%). The largest single issuer of securities to which Sava Re is exposed is Germany. As at 31 December 2022, it totalled EUR 38.5 million or 10.5% of financial investments (31 December 2021: EUR 28.9 million; 7.2%).

We assess that in 2022, the Sava Insurance Group companies – by maintaining a large percentage of highly-rated investments, diversification of investments by industry and geography and reducing concentration – managed credit risk well, maintaining it on the same level as in 2021.

Counterparty default risk

The Group is also exposed to credit risk in relation to its reinsurance programme. As a rule, subsidiaries conclude reinsurance contracts directly with the parent company. Exceptionally, if so required by local regulations, they buy reinsurance from providers of assistance services and local reinsurers. In such cases, local reinsurers transfer the risks to Sava Re, thus reducing the effective credit risk exposure relating to reinsurers below the one correctly shown according to accounting rules.

The tables below show the receivables ageing analysis for the Group and Sava Re, including receivables arising out of reinsurance business relating to reinsurance contracts.

Receivables ageing analysis

Sava Insurance Group 31 Dec 2022
EUR Gross amount Allowance Receivables Not past due Past due up to
30 days
Past due from 31
to 60 days
Past due from 61
to 90 days
Past due from 91
to 180 days
Past due from
181 days to 1 year
Past due
over 1 year
Total
Receivables due from policyholders 159,379,516 -18,755,949 140,623,567 108,049,012 11,147,940 6,012,250 3,084,765 5,855,157 3,837,239 2,637,204 140,623,567
Receivables due from insurance intermediaries 2,572,130 -865,894 1,706,236 537,371 1,107,099 26,668 6,188 22,706 5,109 1,095 1,706,236
Other receivables arising out of primary insurance business 1,556,347 -134,494 1,421,853 172,163 16,878 137,997 700 790,122 235,474 68,519 1,421,853
Receivables arising out of primary insurance business 163,507,993 -19,756,337 143,751,656 108,758,546 12,271,917 6,176,915 3,091,653 6,667,985 4,077,822 2,706,818 143,751,656
Receivables for shares in claims 11,615,218 -272,449 11,342,769 8,239,284 1,202,831 692,690 6742 667,294 133,304 400,624 11,342,769
Other receivables arising out of co-insurance and reinsurance
business
1,418,032 0 1,418,032 1,192,487 0 91,512 9 57,678 62,184 14162 1,418,032
Receivables arising out of reinsurance and co-insurance
business
13,033,250 -272,449 12,760,801 9,431,771 1,202,831 784,202 6751 724,972 195,488 414,786 12,760,801
Current tax assets 3,945,207 0 3,945,207 3,945,207 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,945,207
Other short-term receivables arising out of insurance business 15,785,499 -13,016,693 2,768,806 1,083,773 128,415 130,609 75,732 176,275 265,306 908,696 2,768,806
Receivables arising out of investments 442,096 -166,929 275,167 250,433 6,461 0 0 0 0 18,273 275,167
Other receivables 13,022,366 -2,363,041 10,659,325 10,387,216 99,233 97,902 10,073 22,390 5,619 36,892 10,659,324
Other receivables 29,249,961 -15,546,663 13,703,298 11,721,422 234,109 228,511 85,805 198,665 270,925 963,861 13,703,297
Total 209,736,411 -35,575,449 174,160,961 133,856,946 13,708,857 7,189,628 3,184,209 7,591,622 4,544,235 4,085,465 174,160,961

Sava Insurance Group 31 Dec 2021
EUR Gross amount Allowance Receivables Not past due Past due up to
30 days
Past due from 31
to 60 days
Past due from 61
to 90 days
Past due from 91
to 180 days
Past due from
181 days to 1 year
Past due
over 1 year
Total
Receivables due from policyholders 146,939,903 -20,410,622 126,529,281 98,895,556 9,440,530 4,465,130 3,143,952 5,147,448 2,829,707 2,606,958 126,529,281
Receivables due from insurance intermediaries 2,412,729 -871,452 1,541,277 713,272 763,151 27,923 8,563 16,767 11,601 0 1,541,277
Other receivables arising out of primary insurance business 621,026 -146,861 474,165 129,697 14,216 2,041 1,500 251,420 38,540 36,751 474,165
Receivables arising out of primary insurance business 149,973,658 -21,428,935 128,544,723 99,738,525 10,217,897 4,495,094 3,154,015 5,415,635 2,879,848 2,643,709 128,544,723
Receivables for shares in claims 7,993,897 -227,525 7,766,372 7,144,678 88,666 22,292 75 34,211 77,148 399,302 7,766,372
Other receivables arising out of co-insurance and reinsurance
business
1,310,793 0 1,310,793 1,292,332 0 129 140 3,347 14,845 0 1,310,793
Receivables arising out of reinsurance and co-insurance
business
9,304,690 -227,525 9,077,165 8,437,010 88,666 22,421 215 37,558 91,993 399,302 9,077,165
Current tax assets 330,518 0 330,518 330,518 0 0 0 0 0 0 330,518
Other short-term receivables arising out of insurance business 17,365,268 -14,129,963 3,235,305 1,165,644 242,582 114,860 109,961 183,514 353,473 1,065,271 3,235,305
Receivables arising out of investments 440,212 -167,108 273,104 248,083 438 313 625 937 3,555 19,153 273,104
Other receivables 10,846,117 -2,366,062 8,480,055 7,766,242 538,955 96,750 12,292 17,103 14,866 33,847 8,480,055
Other receivables 28,651,597 -16,663,133 11,988,464 9,179,969 781,975 211,923 122,878 201,554 371,894 1,118,271 11,988,464
Total 188,260,463 -38,319,593 149,940,870 117,686,022 11,088,538 4,729,438 3,277,108 5,654,747 3,343,735 4,161,282 149,940,870

-

-

-

-

-

-

The Group assessed its receivables for impairment. Allowances were established for receivables that needed to be impaired. Receivables are discussed in greater detail in note 17.8.11.

Reinsurance programmes are mostly placed with firstclass reinsurers with an appropriate credit rating (at least "A-" according to S&P Global Ratings for longterm business and at least "BBB+" for short-term business). Thus, more than 80% of the Sava Insurance Group's credit risk exposure to reinsurers at the end of 2022 (2021: at least 80%) related to reinsurers rated "BBB" or better. When classifying reinsurers by credit rating group, we considered the credit rating of each individual reinsurer, also where the reinsurer is part of a group. Often such reinsurers are unrated subsidiaries, while the parent company has a credit rating. We consider such a treatment conservative, as ordinarily a parent company takes action if a subsidiary gets into trouble.

As at 31 December 2022, the total exposure of the Sava Insurance Group to credit risk relating to reinsurers was EUR 76.8 million (31 December 2021: EUR 65.5 million), of which EUR 65.5 million (31 December 2021: EUR 57.7 million) relates to the reinsurers' share of technical provisions and EUR 11.3 million (31 December 2021: EUR 7.8 million) to receivables for the reinsurers' and co-insurers' shares in claims. As at 31 December 2022 the Group's total credit risk exposure relating to reinsurers represented 3.0% of total assets (31 December 2021: 2.5%).

Sava Insurance Group's exposures to reinsurers by reinsurer credit rating

EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Rated by S&P / AM Best Amount Structure Amount Structure
(A++ or A+) / (AAA or AA) 58,806,410 76.6% 19,682,915 30.1%
A / (A or A-) 7,454,941 9.7% 30,985,239 47.3%
BBB / (B++ or B+) 346,451 0.5% 6,222,418 9.5%
Less than BBB / less than B+ 1,066,160 1.4% 955,393 1.5%
Not rated 9,137,630 11.9% 7,646,270 11.7%
Total 76,811,592 100.0% 65,492,236 100.0%

Receivables ageing analysis

Sava Re 31 Dec 2022 Past due up to Past due from 31 Past due from 61 Past due from 91 Past due from Past due
EUR Gross amount Allowance Receivables Not past due 30 days to 60 days to 90 days to 180 days 181 days to 1 year over 1 year Total
Receivables due from policyholders 81,339,797 -744,384 80,595,413 62,496,337 5,031,773 2,670,303 1,776,648 4,312,248 2,685,384 1,622,719 80,595,413
Other receivables arising out of primary insurance business 1,430,562 0 1,430,562 208,773 136,567 789,175 233,990 62,057 1,430,562
Receivables arising out of primary insurance business 82,770,359 -744,384 82,025,975 62,705,110 5,031,773 2,806,870 1,776,648 5,101,423 2,919,374 1,684,776 82,025,975
Receivables for shares in claims 8,538,859 -270,455 8,268,404 5,168,477 1,202,831 692,690 6742.09 667,294 133,304 397,065 8,268,404
Other receivables arising out of co-insurance and reinsurance
business
708,072 0 708,072 482,528 91,512 9.13 57,678 62,184 14,162 708,072
Receivables arising out of reinsurance and co-insurance
business
9,246,932 -270,455 8,976,477 5,651,005 1,202,831 784,203 6751.22 724,972 195,488 411,227 8,976,477
Other receivables 610,517 -341,035 269,482 269,482 0 0 0 0 0 0 269,482
Other receivables 610,517 -341,035 269,482 269,482 0 0 0 0 0 0 269,482
Total 92,627,808 -1,355,874 91,271,934 68,625,597 6,234,605 3,591,073 1,783,399 5,826,395 3,114,862 2,096,003 91,271,934
Sava Re 31 Dec 2021 Past due up to Past due from 31 Past due from 61 Past due from 91 Past due from Past due
EUR Gross amount Allowance Receivables Not past due 30 days to 60 days to 90 days to 180 days 181 days to 1 year over 1 year Total
Receivables due from policyholders 74,475,114 -656,690 73,818,424 58,619,395 4,328,425 1,843,705 2,012,040 3,666,622 1,927,894 1,420,345 73,818,425
Other receivables arising out of primary insurance business 591,761 0 591,761 274,038 0 0 0 247,547 40,895 29,281 591,761
Receivables arising out of primary insurance business 75,066,875 -656,690 74,410,185 58,893,433 4,328,425 1,843,705 2,012,040 3,914,169 1,968,789 1,449,625 74,410,185
Receivables for shares in claims 4,792,142 -225,533 4,566,609 3,949,023 88,127 22,292 75 34,211 77,148 395,732 4,566,609
Other receivables arising out of co-insurance and reinsurance
business
558,987 0 558,987 543,556 0 129 140 317 14,845 0 558,987
Receivables arising out of reinsurance and co-insurance
business
5,351,129 -225,533 5,125,596 4,492,579 88,127 22,421 215 34,528 91,993 395,732 5,125,596
Other receivables 608,425 -341,035 267,390 267,390 0 0 0 0 0 0 267,390
Other receivables 608,425 -341,035 267,390 267,390 0 0 0 0 0 0 267,390
Total 81,026,429 -1,223,257 79,803,172 63,653,403 4,416,551 1,866,126 2,012,255 3,948,697 2,060,783 1,845,358 79,803,172

Sava Re assessed its receivables for impairment. Allowances were established for receivables that needed to be impaired. Receivables are discussed in greater detail in note 17.8.11.

Reinsurance programmes are mostly placed with firstclass reinsurers with an appropriate credit rating (at least "A-" according to Standard & Poor's for longterm business, and at least "BBB+" for short-term business). We consider this risk as low, particularly as the investment portfolio is adequately diversified. See details in the following table. Thus, at least 80% of the credit risk exposure relating to reinsurers at the end of 2022 (2021: at least 80%) related to reinsurers rated "BBB" or better.

As at 31 December 2022, the total exposure of Sava Re to credit risk relating to reinsurers was EUR 63.8 million (31 December 2021: EUR 53.1 million). Of this, EUR 55.5 million (31 December 2021: EUR 48.5 million) relates to retroceded gross technical provisions (EUR 7.4 million to unearned premiums and EUR 48.1 million to provisions for outstanding claims) and EUR 8.3 million (31 December 2020: EUR 4.6 million) to receivables for reinsurers' shares in claims. The total credit risk exposure of Sava Re to retrocessionaires accounted for 7.4% of total assets in 2022 (31 December 2021: 6.4%).

Sava Re's exposures to reinsurers by reinsurer credit rating

EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Rated by S&P / AM Best Amount Structure Amount Structure
(A++ or A+) / (AAA or AA) 54,153,343 84.9% 18,517,919 34.9%
A / (A or A-) 3,619,057 5.7% 27,599,994 52.0%
BBB / (B++ or B+) 346,451 0.5% 2,833,975 5.3%
Less than BBB / less than B+ 1,066,160 1.7% 902,579 1.7%
Not rated 4,567,541 7.2% 3,198,586 6.0%
Total 63,752,552 100.0% 53,053,054 100.0%

17.7.4.4 Risk of failure to realise guaranteed returns

The Group is also exposed to the risk of failing to achieve guaranteed returns, specifically with traditional life insurance contracts, some types of unit-linked life insurance contracts and investment contracts relating to the long-term business funds of the voluntary supplementary pension insurance business (VSPI) that Sava Pokojninska manages for the benefit of its policyholders.

Traditional and unit-linked life insurance contracts

The Group is exposed to the risk of failure to realise guaranteed returns for its traditional and some unitlinked life insurance business with guaranteed returns (e.g. guaranteed fund unit value). Taking into account the realised book return on financial investments and the guaranteed return on the liabilities side for 2022, the effect of achieving the guaranteed return was a loss of EUR 1.5 million (2021: EUR 0.02 million). The impact of achieving the guaranteed return is negative in 2022 and significantly lower than in the previous year, mainly due to the lower book return on investments and the increase in provisions due to the reduction in the technical interest rate in 2022.

Investment contracts

The Group's investment contracts include a group of life cycle funds called MY Life-cycle Funds (Slovenian: MOJI skladi življenjskega cikla), relating to supplementary pension business of the company Sava Pokojninska in the accumulation phase. Investment contract liabilities are not included in the consolidated technical provisions item, and are, therefore, not included in the presentation of underwriting risk. Investment contract assets are not included in the consolidated financial investments item, and are, therefore, not included in the presentation of investment portfolio risk.

As regards investment contract assets and liabilities, the Group is exposed to the risk of not achieving the guaranteed return in one of the long-term business funds with a guaranteed return (the MGF143 fund). The guaranteed return of MGF is 60% of the average annual interest rate on government securities with a maturity of over one year. Liabilities relating to MGF comprise paid in premiums, guaranteed return and amounts in excess of the guaranteed return, provided the company achieved it.

In years when the return in excess of guaranteed return is realised, liabilities to the members of the MGF for assets in excess of guaranteed levels of assets are increased; if, however, realised return is below the guaranteed level, this part of liabilities decreases until the provision is fully exhausted. The described control of guaranteed return is carried out at the level of individual members' accounts. In the event that individual provisions of any account are not sufficient to cover the guaranteed assets, the company is required to make provisions for the difference, which may exceed 20% of the capital.

The risk of failing to realise guaranteed returns is managed primarily through appropriate management of policyholder assets and liabilities, an appropriate investment strategy, an adequate level of the company's capital and provisioning. The Group tests its risk exposure arising out of guaranteed return through stress tests and scenarios as part of the own risk and solvency assessment. We estimate that the risk of additional payments being made in order to achieve guaranteed returns in 2022 was higher than in 2021 because of the unfavourable valuation of debt securities, which constitute the bulk of the fund's investments.

The value of fund assets of the North Macedonian pension company Sava Penzisko Društvo (two funds, mandatory and voluntary) is not included in the statement of financial position of the company as these are funds under management (similar treatment as for fund management companies). The role of the North Macedonian pension company is solely to manage the assets; the funds have no guaranteed return. Consequently, the company is not exposed to the risk to which investment contracts are exposed, i.e. failure to realise the guaranteed return.

We estimate that the risk of failure to achieve guaranteed returns is medium and slightly increased in 2022 compared to the previous year due to financial market volatility.

17.7.5 Operational risks

Operational risk is the risk of loss arising from inadequate or failed internal processes, personnel or systems, or from external events.

Operational risks are not among the major risks faced by the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re; however, these risks are actively monitored and managed at the level of the Group and Sava Re. To assess operational risks in Group companies and at the Group level, qualitative assessment of the probability and financial impact within the scope of the risk register is applied. Through regular risk assessments, the Group companies obtain insight into the actual level of their exposure to such risks and take the necessary measures to mitigate them.

According to a qualitative assessment, the exposure of the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re to operational risk is medium.

The key operational risks of the Sava Insurance Group in 2022, ranked according to their rating in the risk register (from highest to lowest) are set out below. Risks that increased in 2022 are marked as such:

  • personal data breaches in EU companies increased because of the high fines imposed by the regulator,
  • cyber-attack (increased due to the war in Ukraine and the related increase in cyber threats),
  • the risks associated with the reporting of subsidiaries to the parent company,
  • inadequate outsourcing of IT services (internal or commercial cloud services) – the risk increased because the introduction of cloud services in the Save Re core business has not yet been fully completed and due to the higher likelihood of a cyber-attack and stricter regulatory requirements,
  • failure to address a significant risk in the Group's ORSA (increased due to the unpredictable external environment and the consequent difficulty in identifying and forecasting risks in the coming years),
  • partial or total failure of the IT system due to natural disasters or fire,
  • partial or total failure of the IT system due to failure of computer or communication systems,
  • partial or total failure of the IT system (in relation to transactions, implementation and maintenance),
  • loss of data as a result of a compromised or non-functioning IT system,
  • risks related to the control of the Group's subsidiaries.

The key operational risks of Save Re in 2022, ranked according to their rating in the risk register (from highest to lowest) are set out below. Risks that increased in 2022 are marked as such:

  • personal data breaches in EU companies (increased because of the high fines imposed by the regulator),
  • cyber-attack (increased due to the war in Ukraine and the related increase in cyber threats),
  • inadequate IT support for reinsurance operations,
  • inadequate outsourcing (internal or commercial cloud) increased because the introduction of cloud services in the Save Re core business has not yet been fully completed and also due to the higher likelihood of a cyber-attack and stricter regulatory requirements,
  • the risk related to the sanctions clause,
  • failure to address a significant risk in Sava Re's ORSA,
  • incomplete data for actuarial calculations (increased due to the migration to a new IT system, which increased some operational risks).

Cyber risks were identified as key operational risks in 2022, and it will be increasingly important to monitor and manage these risks in the future. If these risks materialise, they could result in a complete business interruption, significant financial losses and damage to the Group's reputation. Therefore, in addition to the mitigation measures already in place at the Group level, activities are planned to manage these risks, such as the integration of a multi-level user authentication system and the definition of a cyber incident response plan. Key cyber risks identified include ransomware, malware, social engineering, data leakage/theft and denial of service.

Security threats and incidents are regularly monitored through the Security Operations Centre (SOC). In 2022, information security training was also provided to employees to limit the risk of social engineering and to raise awareness. The Group is also planning to implement some additional systems with more control mechanisms for data protection, integrity and availability, to develop more anomaly detection methods and to conduct independent security testing on an ongoing basis.

Group companies have established processes for identifying, measuring, monitoring, managing and reporting on such risks for the effective management of operational risk. Operational risk management processes have also been set up at the Group level and are defined in the operational risk management policy.

The main measures of operational risk management at the individual company and Group levels include:

  • maintaining an effective business processes management system and a system of internal controls,
  • maintaining records of and monitoring incidents,
  • awareness-raising and training of all employees on their role in the implementation of the internal control system and management of operational risks,
  • implementing appropriate policies as regards information security,
  • having in place a business continuity plan for all critical processes (in order to minimise the risk of unpreparedness for incidents and external events and any resulting business interruption),
  • having in place IT-supported processes and controls in the key areas of business of every Group company,
  • awareness-raising and training of all employees.

We estimate that the Company's exposure to operational risks in 2022 was moderate and increased slightly compared to 2021 due to higher assessed cyber risks.

17.7.6 Strategic risks

Group companies and the Group are exposed to a variety of internal and external strategic risks that may have a negative impact on the income or capital adequacy. Strategic risks are by nature very diverse, difficult to quantify and heavily dependent on various (including external) factors.

Group companies' and the Group's strategic risks are assessed qualitatively in the risk register by assessing the frequency and potential financial impact of each risk materialising. In addition, key strategic risks are evaluated in the EU-based Group (re)insurance companies, using qualitative analysis of various scenarios. Based on both analyses combined, an overview is obtained of the extent and change in the exposure to this type of risk.

The key strategic risks of the Sava Insurance Group in 2022, ranked according to their rating in the risk register (from highest to lowest) are set out below. Risks that increased in 2022 are marked as such:

  • the risk of a deterioration in macroeconomic conditions and the resulting decrease in the Group's profitability (increased because of the situation),
  • the risk of significant changes in local accounting/ tax policies/standards affecting the Group's operations (increased due to the introduction of the new accounting standards),
  • the risk that macroeconomic and capital market developments could result in the investment portfolio not achieving its target returns (increased due to the situation),
  • the risk of amendments to or new interpretation of legislation governing the SCR and own funds,
  • risks associated with the Sava Insurance Group IT development strategy and risks associated with digitalisation and innovations (increased),
  • the risk of insufficient human and financial resources to implement the IT strategy,
  • the risk of increased competition in the markets in which the Group is present,
  • the risk of IT support for a business area not being harmonised with other Group processes (increased),
  • risks associated with subsidiaries' growth in certain segments,
  • the risk related to changes in legal and regulatory practices and the resulting impact on the Group's operations.

The year 2022 was marked not only by increased volatility in the macroeconomic and geopolitical environment but also by inflation, which continues to be the biggest economic risk. Central banks reacted to the changed circumstances by raising key interest rates; credit spreads went up, and this led to a significant decline in the value of the Group's investment portfolio. The price rise also fuelled the claims inflation, which increases the risk of declining profitability in non-life insurance, in particular in motor and property insurance. The situation remains uncertain. The Group has adopted the measures necessary to reduce the effects of said risks and will continue to monitor the situation and take appropriate measures.

In 2022, the Group was also preparing for the transition to the new accounting standards (IFRS 17 and IFRS 9) and developed a plan for the new strategy period, which will also focus on the IT development strategy. The Group will, as far as possible, limit regulatory risks and the risks associated with new accounting regulations; however, both will remain high. The Group also adopted measures to mitigate these IT risks (examination of alternative offers between IT service providers, establishment of the business process committee and harmonisation of IT and processes, active advertising and recruitment, centralised digital platform administration).

The key strategic risks of Save Re in 2022, ranked according to their rating in the risk register (from highest to lowest) are set out below. Risks that increased in 2022 are marked as such:

  • the risk of deteriorated terms for purchasing reinsurance coverage and the inability to obtain adequate reinsurance (increased),
  • the risk of a deterioration in macroeconomic and geopolitical conditions and the resulting more difficult reinsurance underwriting,
  • the risk of amendments to or new interpretation of legislation governing the SCR and own funds,
  • the risk that macroeconomic and capital market developments could result in the investment portfolio not achieving its target returns (increased),
  • the risk related to changes in legal and regulatory practices and the resulting impact on the Company's operations or insurance underwriting,
  • the risk that reinsurance prices do not keep pace with claims due to excess capital – soft market (increased),
  • the risk of making the wrong decision on new strategic investments,
  • the risk of deteriorated relationships with important business partners of Sava Re in the field of reinsurance,
  • the risk of choosing the wrong IT solution.

Changes in the level of risk were mainly a result of the uncertain situation in macroeconomic markets and geopolitical tensions. The effect of Covid-19 on risks declined significantly in 2022, and the increased uncertainty was mainly the result of the war in Ukraine and soaring prices, in particular energy prices. The price rise led to, among other things, claims inflation, which has been reflected in reinsurance contracts, as their structure does not follow the inflation-related rise in sums insured on original policies, which in turn increases the likelihood of claims in non-proportional insurance (CAT XL). There have also been changes in the reinsurance market, where the claims inflation and loss experience raise expectations of further price rises and pressures to increase the retention rate. We also expect these risks to remain high in the coming year. The Company will strive to ensure that the amounts of cover and premiums in reinsurance contracts appropriately incorporate the effects of the claims inflation and loss experience and to obtain optimum retrocession coverage in given circumstances.

Group companies mitigate individual strategic risks mainly through preventive measures, and individual companies have in place various processes that ensure that they can properly identify, measure, monitor, manage, control and report strategic risks, thus ensuring their effective management. In addition to the

competent organisational units in Group companies, strategic risks are identified and managed by management bodies, risk management committees, risk management functions and the key function holders of the risk management system. Strategic risks are additionally identified by the Group's risk management committee. Strategic risks are also managed by continually monitoring the realisation of short- and long-term goals of Group companies, and by monitoring regulatory changes in the pipeline and market developments.

The Group is aware that its reputation is important in realising its business goals and in order to achieve its strategic plans in the long term. Group companies have taken steps aimed at mitigating reputation risk, such as setting up fit and proper procedures applicable to key employees, ensuring systematic operations of their respective compliance functions, having in place business continuity plans, developing stress tests and scenarios, and planning actions and responses in the case such risks materialise. Toward ensuring the Group's good reputation, each and every employee is responsible for improving the quality of services delivered and overall customer satisfaction.

We estimate that the Group's exposure to strategic risks in 2022 was moderate and slightly higher than in 2021.

17.7.6.1 Emerging risks

To ensure successful long-term business operations, it is extremely important for the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re to predict and identify new risks. We attempt to follow trends, technological developments and events that may shape future risk development. It is a challenge to accurately predict such risks, so we source information externally and seek to define what could significantly affect our business operations in the future. In 2022, we conducted a Group-level survey assessing emerging risks for the strategy period (through 2027) and the long-term period (after 2027). Assessors from every Group company assessed the risks in terms of significance in a specific period.

Based on the results received from each Group company, we prepared a weighed Group-level risk assessment. The highest-rated risks through 2027 are the geopolitical risk, economic risk and risk related to new regulatory requirements. The risks were discussed during the preparation of the 2023–2027 strategy plan.

The key risks identified for the period after 2027 were climate change risk, digitalisation risk, health-related risks and the risks of demographic and social change. The Group will also study the risks in view of the potential impact on its business operations and will analyse prospective responses and measures.

17.7.6.2 Sustainability risk and climate change risk

Climate change risks

The Group monitors both physical and transition risks relating to climate change risk.

Under the insurers' business model, physical risks are those most clearly manifested in the increased risk of natural disasters and weather-related losses. The year 2022 was less turbulent than the previous year for the Sava Insurance Group in relation to natural disasters, although international reinsurance markets were exposed to a number of major loss events. During 2022, Sava Re recorded 4 events for which the Company's claims exceeded EUR 1 million. In relation to natural disasters, Zavarovalnica Sava was affected by 3 losses in excess of EUR 1 million, i.e. one more than in 2021. Other subsidiaries did not record major differences in loss events due to natural disasters in 2022.

Investments in sustainable development and preventive activities (renewables, awareness-raising among policyholders) will continue to be factors that will have a significant impact on the scope and scale of losses due to natural disasters.

Group companies are exposed to transition risk associated with the shift to more sustainable business operations, and the Group manages this risk through regular monitoring of sustainability-related legislative changes and promptly adapts its business also by offering more sustainable products and by actively learning about its customers' new needs. The Group has implemented its guidelines for responsible underwriting of environmental, social, and governance risks in non-life insurance, which guide Group companies in underwriting and Sava Re in reinsurance underwriting of individual risks. The Group-level Sustainability Investment Policy of the Sava Insurance Group defines, among other things, the activities in which the Sava Insurance Group will no longer invest (industries identified as non-sustainable). In this way, the Group manages the risks associated with the transition to sustainable business on the investment side.

Climate change risk is included in the risk register and periodically evaluated against other risks. The risks were correlated with the basic risk groups that they impact (market, insurance, credit, strategic and operational risks). The key climate change risks in the Group are:

  • the risk of an increase in weather-related events and climate change-related natural disasters (higher number/intensity of losses),
  • the risk of loss of income/premiums and poor portfolio diversification due to (re)insurance underwriting restrictions,
  • the risk of reduced availability and less unaffordable reinsurance/retrocession due to the increased frequency of causation and the strength of natural catastrophes,
  • the risk of negative effects on the value of investments in companies that have an adverse impact on climate change.

In its ORSA, the Group conducted two quantitative climate scenarios: in the first, it analysed the transition risk in the investment portfolio in the medium term, and in the other the impact of physical risks on the non-life insurance portfolio in the long term.

Owing to its robust solvency position, the Group would remain solvent even if such scenarios materialised. Importantly, the Group has put in place a system to monitor the developments related to transition and physical risks so that it can respond promptly and take appropriate action.

Other sustainability risks

In addition to climate change, the Group and Sava Re also monitor other sustainability risks. These are included in the risk register and periodically evaluated against other risks. The key sustainability risks of the Company and the Group in 2022 ranked according to their rating in the risk register (from highest to lowest) are set out below:

  • the risk of sustainability-related changes in legislation and their impact on business operations,
  • the risk associated with reputation risk (including the risk of being accused of greenwashing),
  • the risk of opportunity losses for Group companies due to compliance with the restrictions imposed by sustainability policies and other regulations,
  • the risk of higher costs due to adaptation of policies or operations to be environmentally friendly (in line with SFDR, CSRD and other regulations),
  • the risk of inadequate or untimely implementation of sustainability regulation, and
  • the risk of inadequate or untimely reporting under sustainability regulation.

The Group and Sava Re estimate that certain above-listed risks will increase in the strategic period, mainly on account of the increased scope and complexity of the new legislation. In addition to the above risks, we also monitor risks of social and/or financial inequality between genders in the insurance Group, the risk of non-compliant or inadequate internal regulations and policies regarding the principles for responsible investment (PRI), the risk of non-existing or inappropriate whistleblowing protocols and the risk of changes in sustainability-related legislation that affects the business operations of Group companies and reinsurance underwriting. Individual companies also monitor other risks relevant to their particular business.

-

-

17.8 Notes to the financial statements

17.8.1 Intangible assets

Movement in cost and accumulated amortisation / impairment losses of intangible assets

Sava Insurance Group
EUR Software Goodwill Deferred acquisition
costs
Other intangible assets Intangible assets in
progress
Total
Cost
31 Dec 2021 17,087,910 40,877,792 4,697,567 34,524,529 9,915,405 107,103,203
Additions 907,178 0 422,355 500,930 4,521,930 6,352,393
Transfer to use 1,121,623 0 0 0 -1,121,623 0
Disposals -107,235 0 0 -1,502 0 -108,737
Exchange differences -1,741 0 0 -10,592 -14 -12,347
31 Dec 2022 19,007,735 40,877,792 5,119,922 35,013,365 13,315,698 113,334,512
Accumulated amortisation and impairment losses
31 Dec 2021 11,584,047 8,444,979 0 19,767,402 0 39,796,428
Additions 1,502,273 0 0 1,131,250 0 2,633,523
Disposals -106,067 0 0 0 0 -106,067
Exchange differences -2,405 0 0 -1,491 0 -3,896
31 Dec 2022 12,977,848 8,444,979 0 20,897,161 0 42,319,988
Carrying amount as at 31 Dec 2021 5,503,863 32,432,813 4,697,567 14,757,127 9,915,405 67,306,775
Carrying amount as at 31 Dec 2022 6,029,887 32,432,813 5,119,922 14,116,204 13,315,698 71,014,525

Sava Insurance Group
EUR Software Goodwill Deferred acquisition
costs
Other intangible assets Intangible assets in
progress
Total
Cost
31 Dec 2020 14,494,358 40,877,792 4,915,589 34,109,747 7,262,740 101,660,226
Additions 549,288 0 22,037 423,425 5,733,444 6,728,194
Reclassification 0 0 0 0 19,006 19,006
Transfer to use 3,064,086 0 0 0 -3,064,086 0
Disposals -1,022,289 0 -240,059 -12,556 -35,694 -1,310,598
Exchange differences 2,467 0 0 3,913 -5 6,375
31 Dec 2021 17,087,910 40,877,792 4,697,567 34,524,529 9,915,405 107,103,203
Accumulated amortisation and impairment losses
31 Dec 2020 11,127,001 8,444,979 0 17,809,635 0 37,381,615
Additions 1,457,268 0 0 1,956,949 0 3,414,217
Disposals -1,003,001 0 0 0 0 -1,003,001
Exchange differences 2,779 0 0 818 0 3,597
31 Dec 2021 11,584,047 8,444,979 0 19,767,402 0 39,796,428
Carrying amount as at 31 Dec 2020 3,367,357 32,432,813 4,915,589 16,300,112 7,262,740 64,278,611
Carrying amount as at 31 Dec 2021 5,503,863 32,432,812 4,697,567 14,757,127 9,915,405 67,306,775

C
C
Sava Re
EUR
Software Other intangible
assets
Intangible assets in
progress
Total Sava Re
EUR
Software Other intangible
assets
Intangible assets in
progress
Total
Cost Cost
31 Dec 2021 2,569,361 34,715 2,141,491 4,745,568 31 Dec 2020 2,295,828 36,083 1,190,467 3,522,379
Additions 40,777 8,698 1,068,704 1,118,179 Additions 41,595 5,393 1,509,265 1,556,253
Transfer to use 407,113 0 -407,113 0 Transfer to use 522,547 0 -522,547 0
Disposals 0 -1,502 0 -1,502 Disposals -290,609 -6,761 -35,694 -333,064
31 Dec 2022 3,017,251 41,911 2,803,082 5,862,245 31 Dec 2021 2,569,361 34,715 2,141,491 4,745,568
Accumulated amortisation and
impairment losses
Accumulated amortisation and
impairment losses
31 Dec 2021 1,551,538 0 0 1,551,538 31 Dec 2020 1,575,322 0 0 1,575,322
Additions 242,323 0 0 242,323 Additions 263,445 0 0 263,445
31 Dec 2022 1,793,861 0 0 1,793,861 Disposals -287,229 0 0 -287,229
Carrying amount as at 1,017,824 34,715 2,141,491 3,194,031 31 Dec 2021 1,551,538 0 0 1,551,538
31 Dec 2021
Carrying amount as at
1,223,391 41,911 2,803,082 4,068,384 Carrying amount as at
31 Dec 2020
720,507 36,083 1,190,467 1,947,056
31 Dec 2022 Carrying amount as at
31 Dec 2021
1,017,824 34,715 2,141,491 3,194,031

Other intangible assets in the Group consist mainly of estimated values of customer lists EUR 8,537,034 (2021: EUR 8,938,778) and contractual customer relationships EUR 4,160,000 (2021: EUR 4.800.000). Assets in progress relate to new IT solutions acquired, in particular to prepare for the implementation of the new accounting standards IFRS 17 and IFRS 9, and to support the core business of Zavarovalnica Sava and Sava Re.

Goodwill impairment testing

In the impairment testing of goodwill arising out of the acquired companies listed at the beginning of this section, the recoverable amount of each cash-generating unit as at 31 December 2022 in all companies exceeded its carrying amount including goodwill belonging to the unit. The assumptions used to calculate the recoverable amount are described below.

The cash flows are derived from the strategic plans of the companies constituting the cash-generating units. The companies' plans have been approved by the parent company and adopted by the companies' governing bodies. The supervisory board of Sava Re d.d. adopted the Strategic Plan of the Sava Insurance Group for 2023–2027 on 14 December 2022. The strategic plans of the companies were prepared on the basis of the following key strategic directions:

• premium growth in relation to past performance, expected GDP growth and the level of development of the insurance sector in Slovenia and abroad,

  • growth of assets under management of the pension and mutual fund management company in relation to the macroeconomic environment, demographic trends, projected trends in inflows and outflows, and returns in relation to expected developments in the financial markets,
  • growth in assistance services revenues in relation to the macroeconomic environment, the market conditions and the expected demand for assistance services,
  • improved cost effectiveness in all companies,
  • a target combined ratio in line with the specifics of the Slovenian and non-Slovenian non-life segments,
  • a target new business margin for life insurance, and
  • a return on investments in relation to the expected developments in financial markets.

A long-term growth rate (g) in the range of 2.5–4% is used to estimate the residual value after the 5-year planning projections. For Slovenia-based companies, this growth rate is based on an average risk-free rate of return of 2.5%; for other markets, it is 4% and is based on the expected long-term industry growth.

The discount rate methodology is explained in section 17.4.7.

Assumptions used in goodwill impairment testing in 2022

Sava Neživotno
Zavarovalnica
Sava (SVN)
Osiguranje
(SRB)
Sava Osiguranje
(MNE)
Sava Penzisko
Društvo (MKD)
Sava Infond
(SVN)
TBS Team 24
(SVN)
Discount rate (%) 10.9 14.5 15.7 13.0 10.7 10.9
Long-term growth rate (%) 2.5 4.0 4.0 4.0 2.5 2.5

Movement in goodwill

Movement in goodwill in 2022

Sava Insurance Group EUR

Total amount carried forward as at 31 Dec 2021 32,432,813
Balance as at 31 Dec 2022 32,432,813
Sava Neživotno Osiguranje (SRB) 4,565,229
Sava Osiguranje (MNE) 3,648,534
Zavarovalnica Sava 4,761,733
Sava Agent 2,718
TBS Team 24 2,787,676
Sava Penzisko Društvo 1,666,838
Sava Infond 15,000,085

Movement in goodwill in 2021

Sava Insurance Group EUR Total amount carried forward as at 31 Dec 2020 32,432,813 Balance as at 31 Dec 2021 32,432,813 Sava Neživotno Osiguranje (SRB) 4,565,229 Sava Osiguranje (MNE) 3,648,534

Zavarovalnica Sava 4,761,733
Sava Agent 2,718
TBS Team 24 2,787,676
Sava Penzisko Društvo 1,666,838
Sava Infond 15,000,085

17.8.2 Property, plant and equipment

Movement in cost and accumulated depreciation / impairment losses of property, plant and equipment assets

Sava Insurance Group Other items of
property, plant and
EUR Land Buildings Equipment equipment In progress Total
Cost
31 Dec 2021 5,578,483 56,069,050 25,704,990 589,920 9,460,484 97,402,927
Additions 0 106,390 1,316,012 213,018 13,217,555 14,852,975
Reclassification -112,267 -8,195,699 -442,409 -15,945 0 -8,766,320
Transfer to use 433,464 19,171,538 3,015,267 0 -22,620,269 0
Disposals -676,883 -3,289,830 -2,558,369 -265,669 0 -6,790,751
Reductions – subsidiaries – disposal -5,376 0 0 0 0 -5,376
Exchange differences -1,035 -2,530 26 115 -1 -3,425
31 Dec 2022 5,216,386 63,858,919 27,035,517 521,439 57,769 96,690,031
Accumulated depreciation and impairment losses
31 Dec 2021 0 22,100,341 18,779,149 186,263 0 41,065,753
Additions 0 1,010,884 3,054,865 34,560 0 4,100,309
Reclassification 0 -7,537,181 -495,875 -16,081 0 -8,049,137
Disposals 0 -616,422 -2,232,056 -12,641 0 -2,861,119
Exchange differences 0 -1,108 -401 2 0 -1,507
31 Dec 2022 0 14,956,514 19,105,682 192,103 0 34,254,299
Carrying amount as at 31 Dec 2021 5,578,484 33,968,709 6,925,841 403,657 9,460,484 56,337,174
Carrying amount as at 31 Dec 2022 5,216,386 48,902,405 7,929,835 329,336 57,769 62,435,731

Sava Insurance Group Other items of
property, plant and
EUR Land Buildings Equipment equipment In progress Total
Cost
31 Dec 2020 5,576,811 54,791,481 23,962,225 201,165 1,434,695 85,966,377
Additions 0 63,040 735,363 242,263 10,179,984 11,220,650
Reclassification 0 1,115,682 503,052 146,417 -19,007 1,746,144
Transfer to use 0 86,013 2,049,175 0 -2,135,188 0
Disposals 0 0 -1,548,925 0 0 -1,548,925
Exchange differences 1,673 12,834 4,100 75 0 18,682
31 Dec 2021 5,578,484 56,069,050 25,704,990 589,920 9,460,484 97,402,928
Accumulated depreciation and impairment losses
31 Dec 2020 0 20,950,868 16,679,787 -769 0 37,629,886
Additions 0 1,057,034 2,956,381 40,615 0 4,054,030
Reclassification 0 89,095 500,840 146,417 0 736,352
Disposals 0 0 -1,360,695 0 0 -1,360,695
Exchange differences 0 3,344 2,836 0 0 6,180
31 Dec 2021 0 22,100,341 18,779,149 186,263 0 41,065,753
Carrying amount as at 31 Dec 2020 5,576,811 33,840,613 7,282,438 201,934 1,434,695 48,336,491
Carrying amount as at 31 Dec 2021 5,578,484 33,968,709 6,925,841 403,657 9,460,484 56,337,174

The change in assets in progress (increase of EUR 13.2 million and transfer to use of EUR 22.6 million) relates to the acquisition of new equipment and a building intended for the insurance business of Zavarovalnica Sava. In 2021, EUR 9.5 million of assets in progress also relates to the acquisition of new equipment and a

building for Zavarovalnica Sava's own use.

In 2022, EUR 4.6 million of property, plant and equipment assets were sold or reclassified to non-current assets held for sale due to the relocation to the new office building of Zavarovalnica Sava.

Sava Re Other items of
property, plant and
EUR Land Buildings Equipment equipment In progress Total
Cost
31 Dec 2021 151,374 2,417,758 1,492,148 314,358 10,554 4,386,191
Additions 0 0 366,711 207,242 31,880 605,833
Reclassification 0 31,950 1,360 0 0 33,310
Transfer to use 0 0 42,434 0 -42,434 0
Disposals 0 0 -364,359 -247,408 0 -611,767
31 Dec 2022 151,374 2,449,708 1,538,294 274,192 0 4,413,567
Accumulated depreciation and impairment losses
31 Dec 2021 0 787,358 1,086,069 48,551 0 1,921,979
Additions 0 33,150 185,554 7,174 0 225,878
Reclassification 0 3,408 1,128 0 0 4,536
Disposals 0 0 -280,131 -12,641 0 -292,772
31 Dec 2022 0 823,916 992,620 43,084 0 1,859,621
Carrying amount as at 31 Dec 2021 151,374 1,630,400 406,078 265,807 10,554 2,464,213
Carrying amount as at 31 Dec 2022 151,374 1,625,792 545,673 231,108 0 2,553,945

œ
1
Sava Re Other items of
property, plant and
EUR Land Buildings Equipment equipment In progress Total
Cost
31 Dec 2020 151,374 2,417,758 1,473,852 82,195 0 4,125,178
Additions 0 0 107,107 232,163 20,421 359,691
Disposals 0 0 -98,678 0 0 -98,678
Transfer to use 0 0 9,867 0 -9,867 0
31 Dec 2021 151,374 2,417,758 1,492,148 314,358 10,554 4,386,191
Accumulated depreciation and impairment losses
31 Dec 2020 0 754,686 966,864 46,780 0 1,768,331
Additions 0 32,672 187,108 1,771 0 221,551
Disposals 0 0 -67,903 0 0 -67,903
31 Dec 2021 0 787,358 1,086,069 48,551 0 1,921,979
Carrying amount as at 31 Dec 2020 151,374 1,663,072 506,987 35,415 0 2,356,848
Carrying amount as at 31 Dec 2021 151,374 1,630,400 406,078 265,807 10,554 2,464,213

Property, plant and equipment assets are unencumbered by third-party rights.

Movement in cost and accumulated amortisation / impairment losses of right-of-use assets

Sava Insurance Group
EUR
Land and
buildings
Motor vehicles Computers and
IT equipment
Total Sava Re
EUR
Land and buildings Total
As at 31 Dec 2021 6,968,618 405,669 12,139 7,386,426 As at 31 Dec 2021 204,879 204,879
Depreciation of right-of-use assets -1,901,647 -204,825 -19,221 -2,125,693 Depreciation of right-of-use assets -74,135 -74,135
Change in right of use 367,689 79,535 0 447,224 Change in right of use 193,899
New contracts 2,115,345 197,997 69,043 2,382,385 Derecognition of right-of-use assets
-4,519
-4,519
Derecognition of right-of-use assets -514,450 -150,348 0 -664,798 As at 31 Dec 2022 320,124 320,124
As at 31 Dec 2022 7,035,555 328,028 61,961 7,425,544
Sava Re
EUR
Land and buildings Total
Sava Insurance Group
EUR
Land and
buildings
Motor vehicles Computers and
IT equipment
Total As at 31 Dec 2020 89,258 89,258
As at 31 Dec 2020 7,969,959 648,513 30,122 8,648,594 Depreciation of right-of-use assets -74,585 -74,585
Depreciation of right-of-use assets -1,790,989 -202,784 -17,983 -2,011,756 Change in right of use 192,558 192,558
Change in right of use 1,006,513 17,760 0 1,024,273 Derecognition of right-of-use assets -2353 -2353
New contracts 227,360 -30,334 0 197,026 As at 31 Dec 2021 204,879 204,879
Derecognition of right-of-use assets -444,225 -27,486 0 -471,711 The amounts recognised in the income statement related to leases are shown in the table below.
Sava Insurance Group
EUR
Land and
buildings
Motor vehicles Computers and
IT equipment
Total Sava Re
EUR
Land and buildings Total
As at 31 Dec 2021 6,968,618 405,669 12,139 7,386,426 As at 31 Dec 2021 204,879 204,879
Depreciation of right-of-use assets -1,901,647 -204,825 -19,221 -2,125,693 Depreciation of right-of-use assets
-74,135
-74,135
Change in right of use 367,689 79,535 0 447,224 193,899
Change in right of use
193,899
New contracts 2,115,345 197,997 69,043 2,382,385 Derecognition of right-of-use assets
-4,519
-4,519
Derecognition of right-of-use assets -514,450 -150,348 0 -664,798 As at 31 Dec 2022
320,124
320,124
As at 31 Dec 2022 7,035,555 328,028 61,961 7,425,544
Sava Insurance Group Land and Computers and Sava Re
EUR
Land and buildings Total
EUR buildings Motor vehicles IT equipment Total As at 31 Dec 2020 89,258 89,258
As at 31 Dec 2020 7,969,959 648,513 30,122 8,648,594 Depreciation of right-of-use assets -74,585 -74,585
Depreciation of right-of-use assets -1,790,989 -202,784 -17,983 -2,011,756 Change in right of use 192,558 192,558
Change in right of use 1,006,513 17,760 0 1,024,273 Derecognition of right-of-use assets -2353 -2353
New contracts 227,360 -30,334 0 197,026 As at 31 Dec 2021 204,879 204,879
Derecognition of right-of-use assets -444,225 -27,486 0 -471,711
As at 31 Dec 2021 6,968,618 405,669 12,139 7,386,426 The amounts recognised in the income statement related to leases are shown in the table below.

Cash flow from leases

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 2022 2021 2022 2021
Cash flow from leases 2,265,303 2,767,429 78,444 76,657

Movement in short- and long-term lease liabilities144

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 2022 2021 2022 2021 EUR Short-term Long-term Short-term Long-term
Depreciation/amortisation 2,125,693 2,011,756 74,135 74,585 31 Dec 2021 2,672,117 4,984,539 74,982 128,746
- Land and buildings 1,901,647 1,790,989 74,135 74,585 New leases 2,115,190 193,218
- Motor vehicles 204,825 202,784 0 0 Repayments -210,377 -2,054,926 -78,444
- Computers and IT equipment 19,221 17,983 0 0 Interest attribution 150,489 1,985
Interest on lease liabilities 150,489 138,383 1,985 106 Transfer to short-term liabilities 0 3,443 -3,443
Costs associated with short-term leases 194,057 56,857 0 0 31 Dec 2022 2,461,740 5,195,292 78,425 242,063
Costs associated with low value leases 45,119 49,289 0 0
Total 2,515,358 2,256,285 76,120 74,691
Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Lease liability – maturity up to 1 year 2,461,740 2,672,119 78,425 74,982
Lease liability – maturity over 1 year 5,195,292 4,984,537 242,063 128,746
Total 7,657,032 7,656,656 320,488 203,728
Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR Short-term Long-term Short-term Long-term
31 Dec 2020 2,615,590 6,311,344 44,726 43,108
New leases 1,358,768 192,447
Repayments -2,767,429 -76,657
Interest attribution 138,383 106
Transfer to short-term liabilities 56,527 -56,527 30,256 -30,258
31 Dec 2021 2,672,117 4,984,539 74,982 128,746

Lease terms for land and buildings range from 1 to 10 years (the term of one contract is for up to 23 years), for cars from 1 to 5 years, and for hardware and IT equipment it is 6 years. For leases with an indefinite term, the Group has set the lease term at 5 years.

Group companies also act as lessors. The majority of these leases are for land and buildings as disclosed in note 17.8.5 "Investment property".

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17.8.4 Deferred tax assets and liabilities

Sava Insurance Group
EUR
Netted value as at
31 Dec 2022
Included in income
statement
Included in other
comprehensive income
Offset value as at
31 Dec 2021
Deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities
Property, plant and equipment -1,324,929 89,915 0 -1,235,014 10,638 -1,245,651
Intangible assets -701,123 197,869 0 -503,254 0 -501,526
Long-term financial investments and investment property -7,080,849 -76,815 30,824,472 23,666,808 25,287,865 -1,817,725
Short-term operating receivables 275,515 0 0 275,515 275,515 0
Provisions for jubilee benefits and severance pay (retirement) 825,153 -119,738 -154,399 551,016 725,597 -7,031
Provision for tax losses 2,182,498 -538,427 0 1,644,071 1,644,072 0
Other -76,227 0 0 -76,227 0 -76,227
Total -5,899,962 -447,195 30,670,073 24,322,916 27,943,687 -3,648,160
Sava Insurance Group
EUR
Netted value as at
31 Dec 2021
Included in income
statement
Included in other
comprehensive income
Offset value as at
31 Dec 2020
Deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities
Property, plant and equipment -1,275,360 -49,569 0 -1,324,929 12,963 -1,337,892
Intangible assets -898,320 197,784 0 -701,123 0 -701,123
Long-term financial investments and investment property -11,397,432 86,146 4,240,690 -7,080,849 2,169,973 -9,250,822
Short-term operating receivables 257,859 17,656 0 275,515 275,515 0
Provisions for jubilee benefits and severance pay (retirement) 821,746 30,908 -27,501 825,153 846,454 -21,302
Provision for tax losses 2,576,671 -394,173 0 2,182,498 2,182,499 0
Other -76,227 0 0 -76,227 0 -76,227
Total -9,991,063 -111,248 4,213,189 -5,899,963 5,487,403 -11,387,366

Sava Re
EUR
Netted value as at
31 Dec 2022
Included in income
statement
Included in other
comprehensive income
Offset value as at
31 Dec 2021
Deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities
Long-term financial investments and investment property 1,244,584 -485,886 5,179,499 5,938,197 6,633,504 -691,355
Short-term operating receivables 275,515 0 0 275,515 275,515 0
Provisions for jubilee benefits and severance pay (retirement) 57,728 -446 0 57,282 57,282 -3,951
Provision for tax losses 2,111,130 -467,058 0 1,644,072 1,644,072 0
Other -76,227 0 0 -76,227 0 -76,227
Total 3,612,730 -953,390 5,179,499 7,838,839 8,610,373 -771,533
Sava Re
EUR
Netted value as at
31 Dec 2021
Included in income
statement
Included in other
comprehensive income
Offset value as at
31 Dec2020
Deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities
Long-term financial investments and investment property 676,906 0 567,678 1,244,584 1,244,584 0
Short-term operating receivables 257,859 17,656 0 275,515 275,515 0
Provisions for jubilee benefits and severance pay (retirement) 47,269 10,459 0 57,728 57,728 0
Provision for tax losses 2,505,303 -394,173 0 2,111,130 2,111,130 0
Other -76,227 0 0 -76,227 0 -76,227
Total 3,411,110 -366,058 567,678 3,612,730 3,688,957 -76,227

In 2022, deferred tax assets and liabilities were accounted for using tax rates that the management believes will be used to tax the differences. Tax has been accounted for at the statutory rates applicable to each Group company. The tax rate applicable to most Group companies (Slovenia) is 19% (2021: 19%), and 9–18% for other companies (Croatia 18%, Serbia 15%, Kosovo and North Macedonia 10%, Montenegro – a progressive scale of 9–15% applies).

The decline in the prices of available-for-sale debt securities and the resulting decrease in the fair value reserve is the main reason for the change in the balance of deferred tax assets and liabilities.

17.8.5 Investment property

Movement in cost and accumulated depreciation of investment property

Sava Insurance Group
EUR Land Buildings Equipment In progress Total
Cost
31 Dec 2021 2,158,752 13,216,427 186,075 0 15,561,254
Additions 0 0 0 9,135,430 9,135,430
Reclassification 0 14,285 -15,459 0 -1,174
Transfer to use 756,622 8,006,050 372,758 -9,135,430 0
Disposals -266,147 -76,841 -4,593 0 -347,581
Exchange differences 243 2,830 -16 0 3,057
31 Dec 2022 2,649,470 21,162,751 538,765 0 24,350,986
Accumulated depreciation and impairment losses
31 Dec 2021 28,640 1,159,564 91,858 0 1,280,063
Additions 0 319,549 19,768 0 339,317
Reclassification 0 -34,069 -15,331 0 -49,400
Disposals 0 -10,711 -4,580 0 -15,291
Exchange differences -30 569 0 0 539
31 Dec 2022 28,610 1,434,902 91,715 0 1,555,228
Carrying amount as at 31 Dec 2021 2,130,112 12,056,862 94,217 0 14,281,192
Carrying amount as at 31 Dec 2022 2,620,860 19,727,849 447,050 0 22,795,759

Sava Insurance Group
EUR
Land Buildings Equipment Total
Cost
31 Dec 2020 2,346,752 14,976,482 184,866 17,508,100
Additions 0 76 16,512 16,588
Reclassification 0 -1,116,718 -15,051 -1,131,769
Disposals -189,588 -629,652 -252 -819,492
Impairment 0 -16,000 0 -16,000
Exchange differences 1,588 2,239 0 3,827
31 Dec 2021 2,158,752 13,216,427 186,075 15,561,254
Accumulated depreciation and impairment losses
31 Dec 2020 28,629 1,273,563 84,830 1,387,022
Additions 0 279,695 20,066 299,761
Reclassification 0 -90,132 -12,840 -102,972
Disposals 0 -307,743 -198 -307,941
Impairment 0 90 0 90
Exchange differences 11 4,092 0 4,103
31 Dec 2021 28,640 1,159,565 91,858 1,280,063
Carrying amount as at 31 Dec 2020 2,318,123 13,702,919 100,036 16,121,079
Carrying amount as at 31 Dec 2021 2,130,112 12,056,862 94,217 14,281,192

Equipment lota
184,866 17,508,100
16,512 16,588
-15,051 -1,131,769
-252 -819,492
O -16,000
O 3,827
186,075 15,561,254
84,830 1,387,022
20,066 299,761
-12,840 -102,972
-198 -307,941
0 90
O 4,103
91,858 1,280,063
100,036 16,121,079
94,217 14,281,192

Sava Re
EUR
Land Buildings Equipment Total
Cost
31 Dec 2021 1,497,711 7,058,306 83,822 8,639,839
Reclassification 0 -31,950 -1,376 -33,326
31 Dec 2022 1,497,711 7,026,356 82,446 8,606,513
Accumulated depreciation and impairment losses
31 Dec 2021 0 720,320 19,825 740,146
Additions 0 141,282 7,929 149,211
Reclassification 0 -3,408 -1,128 -4,536
31 Dec 2022 0 858,194 26,626 884,821
Carrying amount as at 31 Dec 2021 1,497,711 6,337,985 63,997 7,899,693
Carrying amount as at 31 Dec 2022 1,497,711 6,168,161 55,820 7,721,693
Sava Re
EUR
Land Buildings Equipment Total
Cost
31 Dec 2020 1,497,711 7,058,306 68,119 8,624,136
Additions 0 0 15,703 15,703
31 Dec 2021 1,497,711 7,058,306 83,822 8,639,839
Accumulated depreciation and impairment losses
31 Dec 2020 0 578,559 13,702 592,262
Additions 0 141,761 6,123 147,884
31 Dec 2021 0 720,320 19,825 740,146
Carrying amount as at 31 Dec 2020 1,497,711 6,479,747 54,417 8,031,875
Carrying amount as at 31 Dec 2021 1,497,711 6,337,985 63,997 7,899,693

The increase of EUR 8.5 million in investment property relates mainly to the new office building of Zavarovalnica Sava, which will be leased out in 2023, largely to Group companies.

In 2022, the Group generated income of EUR 1.4 million from the lease of its investment property (2021: EUR 1.3 million). Maintenance costs associated with investment property are either included in the rent or charged to the lessee. Costs covered by the Group in 2022 totalled EUR 202,917 (2021: EUR 85,283). We estimate that the Group will continue to lease its investment property in 2023 and over the next fiveyear period in a similar scope as in 2022 and generate a similar amount of lease income.

In 2022, the Company generated income of EUR 829,030 by leasing out its investment property (2021: EUR 784,325). Maintenance costs associated with investment property are either included in rent or charged to the lessees in a proportionate amount.

The investment properties are unencumbered by any third-party rights.

The fair values of investment property are resented in note 17.8.28 "Fair values of assets and liabilities".

-

-

17.8.6 Financial investments in subsidiaries and associates

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Financial investments in subsidiaries 0 0 303,360,793 304,554,991
Financial investments in associates 21,856,109 20,479,729 19,575,000 19,575,000
Total 21,856,109 20,479,729 322,935,793 324,129,991

Financial investments in subsidiaries

Sava Re 31 Dec 2021 Impairment Disposal/decrease 31 Dec 2022
EUR Holding Value (-)
Value
(-)
Value
Holding Value
Zavarovalnica Sava 100.00% 123,364,958 0 0 100.00% 123,364,958
Sava Neživotno Osiguranje (SRB) 100.00% 16,143,299 0 0 100.00% 16,143,299
Illyria 100.00% 9,563,104 0 0 100.00% 9,563,104
Sava Osiguruvanje (MKD) 93.86% 10,094,070 -1,188,202 0 93.89% 8,905,868
Sava Osiguranje (MNE) 100.00% 15,373,019 0 0 100.00% 15,373,019
Illyria Life 100.00% 4,035,893 0 0 100.00% 4,035,893
Sava Životno Osiguranje (SRB) 100.00% 5,142,278 0 0 100.00% 5,142,278
S Estate 100.00% 5,996 0 -5,996 100.00% 0
Sava Pokojninska 100.00% 6,417,800 0 0 100.00% 6,417,800
TBS Team 24 78.50% 3,326,504 0 0 78.50% 3,326,504
Sava Penzisko Društvo 100.00% 19,714,494 0 0 100.00% 19,714,494
Sava Infond 85.00% 24,583,778 0 0 85.00% 24,583,778
Vita 100.00% 66,789,797 0 0 100.00% 66,789,797
Total 304,554,991 -1,188,202 -5,996 303,360,793

Sava Re 31 Dec 2020 31 Dec 2021
EUR Holding Value recapitalisation
Value
Holding Value
Zavarovalnica Sava 100.00% 123,364,958 0 100.00% 123,364,958
Sava Neživotno Osiguranje (SRB) 100.00% 16,143,299 0 100.00% 16,143,299
Illyria 100.00% 9,563,104 0 100.00% 9,563,104
Sava Osiguruvanje (MKD) 92.57% 10,031,490 62,580 93.86% 10,094,070
Sava Osiguranje (MNE) 100.00% 15,373,019 0 100.00% 15,373,019
Illyria Life 100.00% 4,035,893 0 100.00% 4,035,893
Sava Životno Osiguranje (SRB) 100.00% 5,142,278 0 100.00% 5,142,278
S Estate 100.00% 5,996 0 100.00% 5,996
Sava Pokojninska 100.00% 6,417,800 0 100.00% 6,417,800
TBS Team 24 75.00% 2,906,504 420,000 78.50% 3,326,504
Sava Penzisko Društvo 100.00% 19,714,494 0 100.00% 19,714,494
Sava Infond 85.00% 24,583,778 0 85.00% 24,583,778
Vita 100.00% 66,789,797 0 100.00% 66,789,797
Total 304,072,412 482,580 304,554,991

Financial investments in associates

Sava Insurance Group 31 Dec 2021 31 Dec 2022 Share of voting
EUR Holding Value Attributed
profit or loss
Holding Value rights (%)
DCB 50.00% 20,479,729 1,376,380 50.00% 21,856,109 50.00%
G2I 17.50% 0 -90,649 17.50% 0* 25.00%
Total 20,479,729 1,285,731 21,856,109
Sava Insurance Group
31 Dec 2020
Additions Attributed 31 Dec 2021 Share of voting
EUR Holding Value Holding Value profit or loss Holding Value rights (%)
DCB (formerly ZTSR) 50.00% 15,092,165 0.00% 4,550,000 837,564 40.10% 20,479,729 50.00%
G2I 17.50% -36,022 0.00% 0 -64,678 17.50% 0* 25.00%
Total 15,056,143 4,550,000 772,886 20,479,729

* Negative value of the investment of EUR 191,349 (2021: EUR 100,700), resulting from the attribution of the company's losses, is recorded as a liability.

Sava Re 31 Dec 2021 31 Dec 2022 Share of voting
EUR Holding Value Holding Value rights (%)
DCB 50.00% 19,575,000 50.00% 19,575,000 50.00%
G2I 17.50% 0 17.50% 0 25.00%
Total 19,575,000 19,575,000
Sava Re 31 Dec 2020 Additions 31 Dec 2021 Share of voting
EUR Holding Value Holding Value Holding Value rights (%)
DCB 50.00% 15,025,000 0.00% 4,550,000 50.00% 19,575,000 50.00%
G2I 17.50% 0 0.00% 0 17.50% 0 25.00%
Total 15,025,000 4,550,000 19,575,000

Sava Insurance Group
EUR
31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
DCB (formerly ZTSR)
Value of assets 46,338,747 44,373,702
Liabilities 17,455,813 18,380,231
Shareholders' equity 28,882,934 25,993,471
Income 30,423,226 25,928,230
Profit or loss for the period 2,752,760 1,675,127
Part of the profit or loss attributable to the Group 1,376,380 837,564
G2I
Value of assets 1,250,937 3,732,026
Liabilities 1,127,753 3,067,181
Shareholders' equity 123,184 664,846
Income 3,373,482 5,818,938
Profit or loss for the period -517,993 -369,588

Part of the profit or loss attributable to the Group -90,649 -64,678

In July 2021, the company ZTSR was merged into the Diagnostic Centre Bled and struck off the register of companies. This merger had no impact on the result considered in the consolidated accounts of the Sava Insurance Group.

The assumptions used in the valuation are discussed in greater detail in section 17.4.13 "Financial investments in subsidiaries and associates".

17.8.7 Financial investments

Sava Insurance Group At FVTPL
EUR Non-derivative
31 Dec 2022 Held-to-maturity Designated to this category Available for sale Loans and receivables Total
Debt instruments 46,253,622 15,607,694 1,088,530,060 20,665,379 1,171,056,755
Deposits and CDs 0 0 0 19,276,121 19,276,121
Government bonds 34,760,690 444,108 697,389,308 0 732,594,106
Corporate bonds 11,492,932 15,163,586 391,140,752 0 417,797,270
Loans granted 0 0 0 1,389,258 1,389,258
Equity instruments 0 3,375,046 41,892,564 0 45,267,610
Shares 0 109,843 23,000,036 0 23,109,879
Mutual funds 0 3,265,203 18,892,528 0 22,157,731
Investments in infrastructure funds 0 0 53,856,376 0 53,856,376
Investments in real-estate funds 0 0 16,497,061 0 16,497,061
Financial investments of reinsurers i.r.o. reinsurance contracts with cedants 0 0 0 10,334,969 10,334,969
Total 46,253,622 18,982,740 1,200,776,061 31,000,348 1,297,012,771

Sava Insurance Group At FVTPL
EUR Non-derivative
31 Dec 2021 Held-to-maturity Designated to this category Available for sale Loans and receivables Total
Debt instruments 40,023,124 29,300,362 1,241,312,597 20,236,235 1,330,872,318
Deposits and CDs 0 0 0 18,561,697 18,561,697
Government bonds 28,338,756 1,613,883 688,547,341 0 718,499,980
Corporate bonds 11,684,368 27,686,479 552,765,256 0 592,136,103
Loans granted 0 0 0 1,674,538 1,674,538
Equity instruments 0 5,085,712 66,741,051 0 71,826,763
Shares 0 258,154 35,707,531 0 35,965,685
Mutual funds 0 4,827,558 31,033,520 0 35,861,078
Investments in infrastructure funds 0 0 44,532,966 0 44,532,966
Investments in real-estate funds 0 0 15,846,059 0 15,846,059
Financial investments of reinsurers i.r.o. reinsurance contracts with cedants 0 0 0 9,610,337 9,610,337
Total 40,023,124 34,386,074 1,368,432,673 29,846,572 1,472,688,443

Sava Re At FVTPL
EUR Non-derivative
31 Dec 2022 Held-to-maturity Designated to this category Available for sale Loans and receivables Total
Debt instruments 2,075,395 5,276,003 280,840,335 1,840,393 290,032,127
Government bonds 2,075,395 0 212,123,408 0 214,198,804
Corporate bonds 0 5,276,003 68,716,927 0 73,992,930
Loans granted 0 0 0 1,840,393 1,840,393
Equity instruments 0 98,256 9,435,280 0 9,533,536
Shares 0 98,256 5,501,298 0 5,599,554
Mutual funds 0 0 3,933,982 0 3,933,982
Investments in infrastructure funds 0 0 18,843,871 0 18,843,871
Investments in real-estate funds 0 0 4,584,214 0 4,584,214
Financial investments of reinsurers i.r.o. reinsurance contracts with cedants 0 0 0 10,334,969 10,334,969
Total 2,075,395 5,374,259 313,703,700 12,175,362 333,328,717

Sava Re At FVTPL
EUR Non-derivative
31 Dec 2021 Held-to-maturity Designated to this category Available for sale Loans and receivables Total
Debt instruments 2,816,979 9,157,021 271,786,710 2,572,974 286,333,684
Government bonds 2,074,942 0 177,643,454 0 179,718,397
Corporate bonds 742,036 9,157,021 94,143,256 0 104,042,314
Loans granted 0 0 0 2,572,974 2,572,974
Equity instruments 0 126,024 12,735,984 0 12,862,008
Shares 0 126,024 6,724,679 0 6,850,703
Mutual funds 0 0 6,011,306 0 6,011,306
Investments in infrastructure funds 0 0 14,554,843 0 14,554,843
Investments in real-estate funds 0 0 4,423,724 0 4,423,724
Financial investments of reinsurers i.r.o. reinsurance contracts with cedants 0 0 0 9,610,337 9,610,337
Total 2,816,979 9,283,045 303,501,261 12,183,310 327,784,595

The Sava Insurance Group held 2.5% of financial investments constituting subordinated instruments for the issuer (31 December 2021: 3.3%). The total value of subordinated investments was EUR 32.6 million (31 December 2021: EUR 47.9 million).

Sava Re held 0.8% of financial investments that constitute subordinated instruments for the issuer (31 December 2021: 1.1%). The total value of subordinated investments amounted to EUR 5.3 million (31 December 2021: EUR 7.4 million).

Subordinated bank debt is classified as debt at fair value through profit or loss.

Movement in financial investments

Sava Insurance Group
EUR
Equity securities Debt securities Deposits Loans Deposits with cedants Total
Balance as at 1 Jan 2022 132,205,788 1,310,636,085 18,561,697 1,674,538 9,610,337 1,472,688,443
Additions – portfolio assumption 0 0 0 0 0 0
New acquisitions 15,367,791 233,384,856 16,013,513 465,875 9,487,923 274,719,958
Transfer between asset classes 0 0 0 0 0 0
Maturities 0 -178,675,071 -15,336,947 -756,430 0 -194,768,448
Interest income 0 -20,184,026 -248,758 -60,592 0 -20,493,376
Disposal -25,007,932 -55,392,131 -3,954 0 -8,772,307 -89,176,324
Change in fair value – in equity -11,237,198 -148,888,731 0 0 0 -160,125,929
Change in fair value – from equity to IS – disposals 5,470,901 -898,785 0 0 0 4,572,116
Change in fair value – from equity to IS – impairment 0 -5,417 0 0 0 -5,417
Change in fair value through profit or loss -1,178,450 -4,853,767 0 0 0 -6,032,217
Change in amortised cost, exchange differences 2,140 15,304,657 294,992 65,755 9,016 15,676,561
Exchange differences -1,995 -36,295 -4,424 110 0 -42,604
Balance as at 31 Dec 2022 115,621,046 1,150,391,374 19,276,120 1,389,257 10,334,969 1,297,012,771

* Debt securities include government and corporate bonds.

Sava Insurance Group
EUR
Equity securities Debt securities* Deposits Loans Deposits with cedants Total
Balance as at 1 Jan 2021 118,692,147 1,279,661,013 22,415,443 2,119,569 7,261,165 1,430,149,336
Additions – portfolio assumption 0 0 0 0 0 0
New acquisitions 33,036,361 265,169,240 10,856,051 237,616 7,896,091 317,195,359
Transfer between asset classes 0 0 0 0 0 0
Maturities 0 -163,197,067 -14,708,880 -694,593 -5,874,559 -184,475,099
Interest income 0 -21,533,650 -332,746 -59,876 0 -21,926,272
Disposal -33,510,194 -40,775,573 -7,158 0 0 -74,292,926
Change in fair value – in equity 7,898,538 -28,479,649 0 0 0 -20,581,111
Change in fair value – from equity to IS – disposals 6,106,965 596,129 0 0 0 6,703,094
Change in fair value – from equity to IS – impairment -25,468 0 0 0 0 -25,468
Change in fair value through profit or loss 5,016 -285,751 0 0 0 -280,735
Change in amortised cost, exchange differences -248 19,351,974 332,857 71,612 327,639 20,083,835
Exchange differences, opening balance 2,671 129,419 6,129 211 0 138,429
Balance as at 31 Dec 2021 132,205,788 1,310,636,085 18,561,697 1,674,538 9,610,337 1,472,688,443

* Debt securities include government and corporate bonds.

Equity securities Debt securities Deposits Loans Deposits with cedants Total
31,840,575 283,760,710 0 2,572,974 9,610,337 327,784,595
0 0 0 0 0 0
4,498,004 99,256,078 0 1,000,000 9,487,923 114,242,006
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 -45,445,137 0 -1,759,349 0 -47,204,486
0 -3,597,813 0 -90,696 0 -3,688,510
-1,923,528 -23,817,003 0 0 -8,772,307 -34,512,838
-2,000,495 -25,260,034 0 0 0 -27,260,529
Change in fair value – from equity to IS – disposals 572,472 -188,832 0 0 0 383,641
Change in fair value – from equity to IS – impairment 0 0 0 0 0 0
Change in fair value through profit or loss -27,768 -1,357,481 0 0 0 -1,385,249
Change in amortised cost, exchange differences 2,360 4,841,246 0 117,465 9,016 4,970,086
Exchange differences (opening balance) 0 0 0 0 0 0
32,961,621 288,191,733 0 1,840,393 10,334,969 333,328,717
Sava Re
EUR
Equity securities Debt securities Deposits Loans Deposits with cedants Total
Balance as at 1 Jan 2022 31,840,575 283,760,710 0 2,572,974 9,610,337 327,784,595
Additions – portfolio assumption 0 0 0 0 0 0
New acquisitions 4,498,004 99,256,078 0 1,000,000 9,487,923 114,242,006
Transfer between asset classes 0 0 0 0 0 0
Maturities 0 -45,445,137 0 -1,759,349 0 -47,204,486
Interest income 0 -3,597,813 0 -90,696 0 -3,688,510
Disposal -1,923,528 -23,817,003 0 0 -8,772,307 -34,512,838
Change in fair value – in equity -2,000,495 -25,260,034 0 0 0 -27,260,529
Change in fair value – from equity to IS – disposals 572,472 -188,832 0 0 0 383,641
Change in fair value – from equity to IS – impairment 0 0 0 0 0 0
Change in fair value through profit or loss -27,768 -1,357,481 0 0 0 -1,385,249
Change in amortised cost, exchange differences 2,360 4,841,246 0 117,465 9,016 4,970,086
Exchange differences (opening balance) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Balance as at 31 Dec 2022 32,961,621 288,191,733 0 1,840,393 10,334,969 333,328,717

Sava Re
EUR
Equity securities Debt securities* Deposits Loans Deposits with cedants
Balance as at 1 Jan 2021 25,643,576 231,665,408 4,967,639 7,261,165 269,537,788
Additions – portfolio assumption 0 0 0 0 0
New acquisitions 7,938,160 116,391,710 0 7,896,091 132,225,961
Transfer between asset classes 0 0 0 0 0
Maturities 0 -46,534,167 -2,396,828 -5,874,559 -54,805,554
Interest income 0 -3,543,029 -104,143 0 -3,647,172
Disposal -5,117,080 -15,814,593 0 0 -20,931,673
Change in fair value – in equity 1,660,499 -4,648,281 0 0 -2,987,782
Change in fair value – from equity to IS – disposals 1,565,533 333,633 0 0 1,899,166
Change in fair value – from equity to IS – impairment 0 0 0 0 0
Change in fair value through profit or loss 149,887 21,650 0 0 171,537
Change in amortised cost, exchange differences 0 5,888,380 106,306 327,639 6,322,324
Exchange differences, opening balance 0 0 0 0 0
Balance as at 31 Dec 2021 31,840,575 283,760,710 2,572,974 9,610,337 327,784,595

* Debt securities include government and corporate bonds.

No securities have been pledged as security by the Group companies.

Loans of the parent granted to Group companies

EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Illyria (RKS) 0 909,093
Sava Životno Osiguranje (SRB) 0 450,852
Sava Pokojninska (SVN) 1,030,575 0
Total 1,030,575 1,359,945

Fair values of financial investments are shown in note 17.8.28.

17.8.8 Assets held for the benefit of policyholders who bear the investment risk

Sava Insurance Group FVTPL
EUR Non-derivative
31 Dec 2022 Held to maturity Designated to this category Available for sale Loans and receivables Total
Debt instruments 2,104,789 817,954 47,865,793 0 50,788,536
Government bonds 508,121 0 29,908,937 0 30,417,058
Corporate bonds 1,596,668 817,954 17,956,856 0 20,371,478
Equity instruments 0 431,399,569 1,705,764 0 433,105,333
Mutual funds 0 431,399,569 1,705,764 0 433,105,333
Total 2,104,789 432,217,523 49,571,557 0 483,893,869
Sava Insurance Group FVTPL
EUR Non-derivative
31 Dec 2021 Held to maturity Designated to this category Available for sale Loans and receivables Total
Debt instruments 4,078,892 1,338,186 60,882,191 2,008,600 68,307,868
Deposits and CDs 0 0 0 2,008,600 2,008,600
Government bonds 513,310 0 35,488,138 0 36,001,448
Corporate bonds 3,565,582 1,338,186 25,394,053 0 30,297,820
Equity instruments 0 447,154,643 1,977,081 0 449,131,723
Mutual funds 0 447,154,643 1,977,081 0 449,131,723

Investments for the benefit of life-insurance policyholders who bear the investment risk are investments placed by the Group insurer in line with requests of life insurance policyholders.

Movement in financial investments

Sava Insurance Group

Sava Insurance Group

EUR Equity securities Debt securities Deposits Total EUR Equity securities Debt securities Deposits Total
Balance as at 1 Jan 2022 449,131,723 66,299,269 2,008,600 517,439,592 Balance as at 1 Jan 2021 329,038,804 78,176,936 4,009,072 411,224,812
Additions – portfolio assumption 0 0 0 0 Additions – portfolio assumption 0 0 0 0
New acquisitions 94,185,241 6,434,612 0 100,619,853 New acquisitions 95,363,772 7,351,995 0 102,715,767
Transfer between asset classes 0 0 0 0 Transfer between asset classes 0 0 0 0
Maturities 0 -11,907,000 -2,000,000 -13,907,000 Maturities 0 -7,821,004 -2,000,000 -9,821,004
Interest income 0 -816,128 -8,678 -824,806 Interest income 0 -975,137 -4,634 -979,771
Disposal -49,038,751 -1,237,360 0 -50,276,111 Disposal -43,253,598 -9,548,072 0 -52,801,670
Change in fair value – in equity -271,317 -8,219,978 0 -8,491,295 Change in fair value – in equity 18,424 -1,641,891 0 -1,623,467
Change in fair value – from equity to IS – disposals 0 -21,773 0 -21,773 Change in fair value – from equity to IS – disposals -2,112 196,877 0 194,765
Change in fair value – from equity to IS – impairment 0 0 0 0 Change in fair value – from equity to IS – impairment -4,731 0 0 -4,731
Change in fair value through profit or loss -60,963,852 -179,737 0 -61,143,590 Change in fair value through profit or loss 67,885,712 18,877 0 67,904,589
Change in amortised cost, exchange differences 63,389 436,632 78 500,099 Change in amortised cost, exchange differences 83,942 540,686 4,162 628,790
Exchange differences -1,100 0 0 -1,101 Exchange differences 1,511 0 0 1,511
Balance as at 31 Dec 2022 433,105,332 50,788,536 0 483,893,869 Balance as at 31 Dec 2021 449,131,724 66,299,268 2,008,600 517,439,592

17.8.9 Investment contract assets and liabilities

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
From unearned premiums 10,618,996 8,788,390 7,424,311 6,183,038
From provisions for claims outstanding 54,849,826 48,937,470 48,059,836 42,303,406
From other technical provisions 131,702 41,196 0 0
Total 65,600,524 57,767,056 55,484,147 48,486,444

The reinsurers' and co-insurers' share of technical provisions increased by 13.6%, or EUR 7.8 million, at the Group level (2021: 35.6% or EUR 15.2 million) and by EUR 7.0 million at the Company level (2021: EUR 16.6 million). The increase in claims provisions of

EUR 5.9 million (2021: increase of EUR 15.9 million due to accepted reinsurance business from abroad and windstorms in western Europe) relates mainly to provisions for major individual claims and windstorms in Slovenia.

17.8.10 Investment contract assets and liabilities

Investment contract assets and liabilities relate to the management of pension funds at the subsidiary Sava Pokojninska. The Group had EUR 172.9 million (2021: 172.8 million) of investment contract assets and EUR 172.7 million (2021: EUR 172.7 million) of investment contract liabilities. Its investment contracts include a group of life cycle funds called MOJI Skladi

Življenjskega Cikla (MY life-cycle funds), relating to supplementary pension business of the company Sava Pokojninska in the accumulation phase. Further details on the risks associated with investment contract liabilities are provided in section 17.4.14 "Financial investments and assets held for the benefit of policyholders who bear the investment risk".

Investment contract assets

Sava Insurance Group
EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Financial investments 155,647,643 150,852,305
Investment property 593,000 506,000
Receivables 1,863,355 17,751
Cash and cash equivalents 14,815,315 21,460,293
Internal relation -3,516 0
Total 172,915,796 172,836,349

Sava Insurance Group FVTPL
EUR Non-derivative
31 Dec 2022 Held to maturity Designated to this category Available for sale Cash and receivables Investment property Total
Debt instruments 88,105,167 34,408,345 637,586 0 0 123,151,099
Bonds 88,105,167 34,408,345 637,586 123,151,099
Equity instruments 26,634,985 26,634,985
Total financial investments 88,105,167 61,043,330 637,586 0 0 149,786,084
Investments in infrastructure funds 1,992,155 1,992,155
Investments in real-estate funds 3,869,404 3,869,404
Cash and receivables 16,675,154 16,675,154
Investment property 593,000 593,000
Total investment contract assets 88,105,167 66,904,889 637,586 16,675,154 593,000 172,915,796
Sava Insurance Group FVTPL
EUR Non-derivative
31 Dec 2021 Held to maturity Designated to this category Available for sale Cash and receivables Investment property Total
Debt instruments 54,699,216 66,799,835 0 0 0 121,499,051
Bonds 54,699,216 66,799,835 121,499,051
Equity instruments 25,987,161 25,987,161
Total financial investments 54,699,216 92,786,996 0 0 0 147,486,212
Investments in infrastructure funds 666,260 666,260
Investments in real-estate funds 2,699,832 2,699,832
Cash and receivables 21,478,044 21,478,044
Investment property 506,000 506,000
Total investment contract assets 54,699,216 96,153,088 0 21,478,044 506,000 172,836,349

Investment contract assets by level of the fair value hierarchy

Sava Insurance Group Fair value
EUR
31 Dec 2022
Carrying amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total fair value Difference between FV and
CA
Investment contract assets measured at fair value 67,542,475 57,172,426 4,508,491 5,861,559 67,542,475 0
FVTPL 66,904,889 56,534,839 4,508,491 5,861,559 66,904,889 0
Designated to this category 66,904,889 56,534,839 4,508,491 5,861,559 66,904,889 0
Debt instruments 34,408,345 29,899,854 4,508,491 0 34,408,345 0
Equity instruments 26,634,985 26,634,985 0 0 26,634,985 0
Infrastructure funds 1,992,155 0 0 1,992,155 1,992,155 0
Real estate funds 3,869,404 0 0 3,869,404 3,869,404 0
Available for sale 637,586 637,586 0 0 637,586 0
Debt instruments 637,586 637,586 0 0 637,586 0
Investment contract assets not measured at fair value 88,105,167 76,141,446 4,223,101 0 80,364,547 -7,740,620
Held-to-maturity assets 88,105,167 76,141,446 4,223,101 0 80,364,547 -7,740,620
Debt instruments 88,105,167 76,141,446 4,223,101 0 80,364,547 -7,740,620
Total investment contract assets 155,647,642 133,313,872 8,731,592 5,861,559 147,907,022 -7,740,620

Sava Insurance Group Fair value
EUR
31 Dec 2021
Carrying amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total fair value Difference between FV and
CA
Investment contract assets measured at fair value 96,153,089 81,289,348 10,646,095 4,217,646 96,153,088 0
FVTPL 96,153,089 81,289,348 10,646,095 4,217,646 96,153,088 0
Designated to this category 96,153,089 81,289,348 10,646,095 4,217,646 96,153,088 0
Debt instruments 66,799,835 55,302,187 10,646,095 851,553 66,799,835 0
Equity instruments 25,987,161 25,987,161 0 25,987,161 0
Infrastructure funds 666,260 0 666,260 666,260 0
Real estate funds 2,699,832 2,699,832 2,699,832 0
Investment contract assets not measured at fair value 54,699,216 42,159,241 21,071,070 0 63,230,311 8,531,095
Held-to-maturity assets 54,699,216 42,159,241 21,071,070 0 63,230,311 8,531,095
Debt instruments 54,699,216 42,159,241 21,071,070 63,230,311 8,531,095
Total investment contract assets 150,852,305 123,448,589 31,717,164 4,217,646 159,383,399 8,531,094

The fair value of investment property as at 31 December 2022 stood at EUR 593,000 (2021: EUR 506,000).

Investment contract liabilities

Sava Insurance Group
EUR
31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Net liabilities to pension policyholders 172,328,228 171,883,551
Other liabilities 546,309 925,947
TOTAL IN BALANCE SHEET – LONG-TERM BUSINESS FUNDS OF
VOLUNTARY PENSION INSURANCE
172,874,537 172,809,498
Inter-company transactions between company and life insurance liability fund -135,496 -149,231
TOTAL IN BALANCE SHEET 172,739,040 172,660,266

Movement in financial investments

Sava Insurance Group
EUR
Debt securities Equity securities Total Sava Insurance Group
EUR
Debt securities Equity securities Total
Balance as at 1 Jan 2022 121,499,051 29,353,254 150,852,305 Balance as at 1 Jan 2021 117,998,552 20,714,425 138,712,977
New acquisitions 55,918,099 10,111,707 66,029,806 New acquisitions 20,463,436 9,468,198 29,931,634
Maturities -9,894,523 0 -9,894,523 Maturities -6,140,729 0 -6,140,729
Disposal -37,335,905 -3,204,396 -40,540,301 Disposal -10,677,724 -5,295,465 -15,973,189
Interest income 2,668,420 2,668,420 Interest income -160,819 0 -160,819
Interest paid -2,604,613 -2,604,613 Change in fair value – from equity to IS – disposals 4,621 16,043 20,664
Change in fair value – from equity to IS – disposals 110,625 -5,384 105,241 Change in fair value through profit or loss -400,600 4,281,339 3,880,739
Change in fair value – in equity -18,226 -18,226 Exchange differences 412,314 168,714 581,028
Change in fair value through profit or loss -7,437,704 -4,051,612 -11,489,316 Balance as at 31 Dec 2021 121,499,051 29,353,254 150,852,305
Exchange differences 245,876 292,975 538,851
Balance as at 31 Dec 2022 123,151,100 32,496,544 155,647,644

Movement in investments, and income and expenses relating to investment contract assets measured at fair value – level 3

> SU
Sava Insurance Group
EUR
Debt instruments Investments in infrastructure funds Investments in real-estate funds
31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Opening balance 851,553 132,741 666,260 0 2,699,832 2,434,949
Additions 0 847,870 1,286,841 795,269 1,000,000 53,096
Maturities -856,202 -138,870 0 -153,625 0 0
Revaluation to fair value 4,648 9,812 39,054 24,616 169,571 211,787
Closing balance 0 851,553 1,992,155 666,260 3,869,404 2,699,832
Income 4,502 4,997 103,335 39,870 227,809 270,526

The pension company eliminates inter-company transactions of the joint balance sheet; therefore, liabilities to pension policyholders exceed investment contract liabilities. Internal transactions between the group of My-Life-cycle long-term business funds and the pension company were eliminated in the balance sheet. These include entry charges and management fees for the current month, which may be recognised upon conversion or when credited to personal accounts.

Liabilities in the balance sheet of the long-term liability fund of the voluntary supplementary pension insurance are mostly longterm. These are liabilities relating to the voluntary supplementary pension life liability fund for premiums paid, guaranteed return and the return in excess of guaranteed return (provisions).

The table below shows income and expenses relating to investment contracts in 2022.

Net investment income for the financial period (EUR) Investment
contracts
Annuity contracts
Finance income 3,856,905 161,301
Dividend income 306,709 0
Interest income 2,596,851 77,770
Gains on disposal of financial investments 182,066 5,225
Other finance income 771,278 78,306
Income from investment property 140,609 0
Rental income 53,609 0
Gains on change in fair value 87,000 0
Financial expenses -11,505,893 -83,398
Losses on disposals -79,724 -2,327
Losses from fair value changes -11,426,169 -81,071
Expenses relating to investment property -5,172 0
Expenses arising from management and renting -5,172 0
Expenses relating to management of life insurance business fund -1,891,750 0
Asset management commission -1,624,728 0
Expenses relating to custodian bank -32,084 0
Audit-related expenses -24,222 0
Expenses relating to communication with life insurance business fund members -35,706 0
Brokerage expenses for purchase and sale of securities -2,548 0
Other expenses charged against the life ins. liability fund under applicable rules -172,462 0
Transfer of cash from supplementary pension scheme 0 2,141,115
Net claims incurred 0 -532,463
Change in mathematical provision 0 -1,615,305
Expenses factored in policies 0 -59,527
Net profit/loss attributable to policyholders -9,405,302 11,723

Profit or loss realised from investment contract assets is fully recognised in investment contract liabilities.

contracts
161,301
O
77,770
5,225
78,306
0
O
O
-83,398
-2,327
-81,071
0
O
0
()
O
0
0
0
0
2,141,115
-532,463
-1,615,305
-59,527
11,723

17.8.11 Receivables

Receivables increased by EUR 24.2 million at the Group level compared to year-end 2021 (2021: decrease of EUR 3.9 million compared to year-end 2020) and by EUR 11.4 million at the Company level (2021: decrease of EUR 6.9 million compared to yearend 2020). More detailed reasons for this increase in receivables are set out in sections 9.1.1.3 Receivables and 9.2.1.2 Receivables.

The increase in reinsurance receivables is due to portfolio growth and, consequently, an increase in the estimated portion of premiums for the most recent underwriting year, as well as major claims, whereas the increase in in non-life receivables is due to an increase in invoiced premiums. The increase in other receivables is due to the sale of investments shortly before the year-end.

Receivables by type

Sava Insurance Group 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
EUR Gross amount Allowance Receivables Gross amount Allowance Receivables
Receivables due from policyholders 159,379,516 -18,755,949 140,623,567 146,939,903 -20,410,622 126,529,281
Receivables due from insurance intermediaries 2,572,130 -865,894 1,706,236 2,412,729 -871,452 1,541,277
Other receivables arising out of primary insurance business 1,556,347 -134,494 1,421,853 621,026 -146,861 474,165
Receivables arising out of primary insurance business 163,507,993 -19,756,337 143,751,656 149,973,658 -21,428,935 128,544,723
Receivables for shares in claims 11,615,218 -272,449 11,342,769 7,993,897 -227,525 7,766,372
Other receivables arising out of co-insurance and reinsurance business 1,418,032 0 1,418,032 1,310,793 0 1,310,793
Receivables arising out of reinsurance and co-insurance business 13,033,250 -272,449 12,760,801 9,304,690 -227,525 9,077,165
Current tax assets 3,945,207 0 3,945,207 330,518 0 330,518
Other short-term receivables arising out of insurance business 15,785,499 -13,016,693 2,768,806 17,365,268 -14,129,963 3,235,305
Receivables arising out of investments 442,096 -166,929 275,167 440,212 -167,108 273,104
Other receivables 13,022,366 -2,363,041 10,659,325 10,846,117 -2,366,062 8,480,055
Other receivables 29,249,961 -15,546,663 13,703,297 28,651,597 -16,663,133 11,988,464
Total 209,736,411 -35,575,449 174,160,961 188,260,463 -38,319,593 149,940,870

Sava Re

EUR

Sava Re 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
EUR Gross amount Allowance Receivables Gross amount Allowance Receivables
Receivables due from policyholders 81,339,797 -744,384 80,595,413 74,475,114 -656,690 73,818,424
Other receivables arising out of primary insurance business 1,430,562 0 1,430,562 591,761 0 591,761
Receivables arising out of primary insurance business 82,770,359 -744,384 82,025,975 75,066,875 -656,690 74,410,185
Receivables for shares in claims 8,538,859 -270,455 8,268,404 4,792,142 -225,533 4,566,609
Other receivables arising out of co-insurance and reinsurance
business
708,072 0 708,072 558,987 0 558,987
Receivables arising out of reinsurance and co-insurance business 9,246,932 -270,455 8,976,477 5,351,129 -225,533 5,125,596
Current tax assets 49,594 0 49,594 0 0 0
Other receivables 560,923 -341,035 219,888 608,425 -341,035 267,390
Other receivables 560,923 -341,035 219,888 608,425 -341,035 267,390
Total 92,627,808 -1,355,874 91,271,934 81,026,429 -1,223,257 79,803,172

Net receivables ageing analysis

Sava Insurance Group
EUR
31 Dec 2022
Not past due Past due up to
180 days
Past due from
180 days to 1 year
Past due over 1 year Total
Receivables due from policyholders 108,049,012 26,100,112 3,837,239 2,637,204 140,623,567
Receivables due from insurance intermediaries 537,371 1,162,661 5,109 1,095 1,706,236
Other receivables arising out of primary insurance business 172,163 945,697 235,474 68,519 1,421,853
Receivables arising out of primary insurance business 108,758,546 28,208,470 4,077,822 2,706,818 143,751,656
Receivables for reinsurers' shares in claims 8,239,284 2,569,557 133,304 400,624 11,342,769
Other receivables arising out of co-insurance and reinsurance
business
1,192,487 149,199 62,184 14,162 1,418,032
Receivables arising out of reinsurance and co-insurance
business
9,431,771 2,718,756 195,488 414,786 12,760,801
Current tax assets 3,945,207 0 0 0 3,945,207
Other short-term receivables arising out of insurance business 1,083,773 511,031 265,306 908,696 2,768,806
Short-term receivables arising out of financing 250,433 6,461 0 18,273 275,167
Other short-term receivables 10,387,216 229,598 5,619 36,892 10,659,325
Other receivables 11,721,422 747,090 270,925 963,861 13,703,297
Total 133,856,946 31,674,316 4,544,235 4,085,465 174,160,961

Sava Insurance Group
EUR
31 Dec 2021
Not past due Past due up to
180 days
Past due from
180 days to 1 year
Past due over 1 year Total
Receivables due from policyholders 98,895,556 22,197,060 2,829,707 2,606,958 126,529,281
Receivables due from insurance intermediaries 713,272 816,404 11,601 0 1,541,277
Other receivables arising out of primary insurance business 129,697 269,177 38,540 36,751 474,165
Receivables arising out of primary insurance business 99,738,525 23,282,641 2,879,848 2,643,709 128,544,723
Receivables for reinsurers' shares in claims 7,144,678 145,244 77,148 399,302 7,766,372
Other receivables arising out of co-insurance and reinsurance
business
1,292,332 3,616 14,845 0 1,310,793
Receivables arising out of reinsurance and co-insurance
business
8,437,010 148,860 91,993 399,302 9,077,165
Current tax assets 330,518 0 0 0 330,518
Other short-term receivables arising out of insurance business 1,165,644 650,917 353,473 1,065,271 3,235,305
Short-term receivables arising out of financing 248,083 2,313 3,555 19,153 273,104
Other short-term receivables 7,766,242 665,100 14,866 33,847 8,480,055
Other receivables 9,179,969 1,318,330 371,894 1,118,271 11,988,464
Total 117,686,022 24,749,831 3,343,735 4,161,282 149,940,870

Sava Re
EUR
31 Dec 2022
Not past due Past due up to
180 days
Past due from
180 days to 1 year
Past due over 1 year Total
Receivables due from policyholders 62,496,337 13,790,972 2,685,384 1,622,719 80,595,413
Other receivables arising out of primary insurance business 208,773 925,742 233,990 62,057 1,430,562
Receivables arising out of primary insurance business 62,705,110 14,716,714 2,919,374 1,684,776 82,025,975
Receivables for reinsurers' shares in claims 5,168,477 2,569,558 133,304 397,065 8,268,404
Other receivables arising out of co-insurance and reinsurance
business
482,528 149,199 62,184 14,162 708,072
Receivables arising out of reinsurance and co-insurance business 5,651,005 2,718,757 195,488 411,227 8,976,477
Current tax assets 49,594 0 0 0 49,594
Other short-term receivables 219,888 0 0 0 219,888
Other receivables 219,888 0 0 0 219,888
Total 68,625,597 17,435,472 3,114,862 2,096,003 91,271,934
Sava Re
EUR
31 Dec 2021
Not past due Past due up to
180 days
Past due from
180 days to 1 year
Past due over 1 year Total
Receivables due from policyholders 58,619,395 11,850,791 1,927,894 1,420,345 73,818,425
Other receivables arising out of primary insurance business 274,038 247,547 40,895 29,281 591,761
Receivables arising out of primary insurance business 58,893,433 12,098,338 1,968,789 1,449,625 74,410,185
Receivables for reinsurers' shares in claims 3,949,023 144,706 77,148 395,732 4,566,609
Other receivables arising out of co-insurance and reinsurance
business
543,556 585 14,845 0 558,987
Receivables arising out of reinsurance and co-insurance business 4,492,579 145,291 91,993 395,732 5,125,596
Other short-term receivables 267,390 0 0 0 267,390
Other receivables 267,390 0 0 0 267,390
Total 63,653,403 12,243,629 2,060,783 1,845,358 79,803,172

Movement in allowance for receivables

Sava Insurance Group
EUR
31 Dec 2021 Additions Collection Write-offs Exchange
differences
31 Dec 2022
Receivables due from policyholders -20,410,622 -1,356,174 897,119 2,122,146 -8,418 -18,755,949
Receivables due from insurance intermediaries -871,452 -63,994 65,854 4,298 -600 -865,894
Other receivables arising out of primary insurance business -146,861 -64 12,343 0 88 -134,494
Receivables arising out of primary insurance business -21,428,935 -1,420,232 975,316 2,126,444 -8,930 -19,756,337
Receivables for shares in claims -227,525 -44,931 9 0 -2 -272,449
Receivables arising out of reinsurance and co-insurance
business
-227,525 -44,931 9 0 -2 -272,449
Other short-term receivables arising out of insurance business -14,129,963 -3,217 217,558 899,442 -513 -13,016,693
Receivables arising out of investments -167,108 0 7 0 172 -166,929
Other short-term receivables -2,366,062 -89,985 78,832 15,737 -1,563 -2,363,041
Other receivables -16,663,133 -93,202 296,397 915,179 -1,904 -15,546,663
Total -38,319,593 -1,558,365 1,271,722 3,041,623 -10,836 -35,575,449
Sava Insurance Group
EUR
31 Dec 2020 Additions Collection Write-offs Exchange
differences
31 Dec 2021
Receivables due from policyholders -21,560,418 -1,404,544 854,679 1,706,239 -6,578 -20,410,622
Receivables due from insurance intermediaries -837,647 -106,547 65,168 8,071 -497 -871,452
Other receivables arising out of primary insurance business -156,428 -139 9,763 0 -57 -146,861
Receivables arising out of primary insurance business -22,554,493 -1,511,230 929,610 1,714,310 -7,132 -21,428,935
Receivables for shares in claims -177,659 -50,009 145 0 -2 -227,525
Receivables arising out of reinsurance and co-insurance business -177,659 -50,009 145 0 -2 -227,525
Other short-term receivables arising out of insurance business -15,289,228 -116,690 260,046 1,016,537 -628 -14,129,963
Receivables arising out of investments -1,223,923 0 1,045,015 11,280 520 -167,108
Other short-term receivables -1,182,361 -1,326,994 137,425 7,363 -1,495 -2,366,062
Other receivables -17,695,512 -1,443,684 1,442,486 1,035,180 -1,603 -16,663,133
Total -40,427,664 -3,004,923 2,372,241 2,749,490 -8,737 -38,319,593

Sava Re
EUR
31 Dec 2021 Additions Collection Exchange
differences
31 Dec 2022
Receivables due from policyholders -656,690 -103,144 24,007 -8,557 -744,384
Receivables arising out of primary insurance business -656,690 -103,144 24,007 -8,557 -744,384
Receivables for shares in claims -225,533 -44,931 9 0 -270,455
Receivables arising out of reinsurance and co-insurance business -225,533 -44,931 9 0 -270,455
Other short-term receivables -341,035 0 0 0 -341,035
Other receivables -341,035 0 0 0 -341,035
Total -1,223,258 -148,075 24,015 -8,557 -1,355,874
Sava Re
EUR
31 Dec 2020 Additions Collection Write-offs Exchange
differences
31 Dec 2021
Receivables due from policyholders -598,410 -103,421 49,560 0 -4,418 -656,690
Receivables arising out of primary insurance business -598,410 -103,421 49,560 0 -4,418 -656,690
Receivables for shares in claims -175,669 -50,009 145 0 0 -225,533
Receivables arising out of reinsurance and co-insurance business -175,669 -50,009 145 0 0 -225,533
Receivables arising out of investments -88 0 0 88 0 0
Other short-term receivables -329,726 -11,309 0 0 0 -341,035
Other receivables -329,814 -11,309 0 0 0 -341,035
Total -1,103,894 -164,739 49,705 88 -4,418 -1,223,257

17.8.12 Deferred acquisition costs

Deferred acquisition costs

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Short-term deferred acquisition costs 19,118,281 16,476,228 0 0
Short-term deferred reinsurance acquisition costs 9,428,495 6,096,513 12,184,649 4,869,156
Total 28,546,775 22,572,741 12,184,649 4,869,156

The increase in deferred policy acquisition costs at the Group level is related to the growth in non-life premium volume. In 2021, the Group recorded lower deferred acquisition costs than in the previous year due to the decline in this operating segment.

17.8.13 Other assets

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Inventories 155,299 140,950 0 0
Other short-term deferred costs (expenses) and
accrued revenue
4,019,041 4,239,437 699,783 746,808
Total 4,174,340 4,380,387 699,783 746,808

Other short-term deferred costs (expenses) and accrued revenue consist mainly of prepaid licence costs.

17.8.14 Cash and cash equivalents

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Cash in hand 24,051 16,632 0 0
Cash in bank accounts 56,248,962 54,118,887 15,846,029 20,806,817
Call and overnight deposits, and deposits of up to
3 months
36,961,452 34,512,159 8,080,000 8,000,000
Total 93,234,465 88,647,678 23,926,029 28,806,818

The percentage of cash and cash equivalents in the Sava Insurance Group's investment portfolio did not change significantly.

17.8.15 Non-current assets held for sale

Sava Insurance Group
EUR
31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
As at 1 Jan 770,544 1,288,664
Reclassification 504,218 0
Disposal -282,959 -518,120
As at 31 Dec 991,803 770,544
Sava Insurance Group
EUR
31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Buildings and equipment 991,803 770,544
Total 991,803 770,544

17.8.16 Share capital

As at 31 December 2022, the parent's share capital was divided into 17,219,662 shares (the same as at 31 December 2021). All shares are ordinary registered shares of the same class. Their holders are entitled to participate in the Company's control and profits (dividends). Each share carries one vote in general meeting and entitles the bearer to a proportionate share of the dividend distribution.

Shares are recorded in the Central Securities Clearing Corporation (KDD) under the POSR ticker symbol.

As at year-end 2022, the Company's shareholders' register listed 4,316 shareholders (31 December 2021: 4,274 shareholders). The Company's shares are listed in the prime market of the Ljubljana Stock Exchange.

17.8.17 Capital reserves

Movement in capital reserves

EUR

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 2022 2021 2022 2021
As at 1 Jan 42,702,320 43,035,948 54,239,757 54,239,757
Acquisition of non-controlling interests by company 0 -333,628 0 0
- TBS Team 24 0 -339,854 0 0
Sava Osiguruvanje (MKD) 0 6,226 0 0
Balance as at 31 Dec 42,702,320 42,702,320 54,239,757 54,239,757

The difference between the market value and the book value of acquired non-controlling interests is recorded as a contra account in capital reserves. There were no such purchases in 2022.

17.8.18 Profit reserves

EUR

Legal reserves and reserves provided for by the articles
Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 Distributable/
non
distributable
31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 Distributable/
non
distributable
Legal reserves and reserves provided for by the articles
of association
12,150,797 12,150,797 non-distributable 14,986,525 14,986,525 non-distributable
Reserve for own shares 24,938,709 24,938,709 non-distributable 24,938,709 24,938,709 non-distributable
Credit risk equalisation reserve 0 0 non-distributable 0 0 non-distributable
Catastrophe equalisation reserve 11,225,068 11,225,068 non-distributable 10,000,000 10,000,000 non-distributable
Other profit reserves 208,631,017 180,693,505 distributable 207,296,824 179,313,388 distributable
Total 256,945,591 229,008,079 257,222,058 229,238,622

In 2022, the Company transferred EUR 27.9 million of net profit to other profit reserves (2021: EUR 26.4 million).

17.8.19 Own shares

As at 31 December 2022, the Company held a total of 1,721,966 own shares (2021: 1,721,966) traded on the Ljubljana Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol "POSR" (accounting for 10% less one share of the issued shares) for a value of EUR 24,938,709 (2021: EUR 24,938,709).

Own shares are a contra account of equity. Own shares are not pledged.

17.8.20 Fair value reserve

The fair value reserve comprises the change in fair value of available-for-sale financial assets.

In 2022, the fair value changes resulted in a EUR 137.8 million decline in the Group's fair value reserve (2021: decline of EUR 18.9 million) and in

a EUR 22.1 million decline in that of the Company (2021: decrease of EUR 2.4 million). The table shows the net change in the fair value reserve, which is an equity component.

The reserve due to fair value revaluation relates to provisions for severance pay upon retirement and amounted to EUR 2.1 million at the Group level at 31 December 2022 (31 December 2021: EUR 1.3 million). The Company's reserve due to fair value revaluation at 31 December 2022 was EUR 152.4 thousand (31 December 2021: EUR 96.5 thousand).

The translation reserve relates to exchange differences arising from the translation or consolidation of the financial statements of subsidiaries. In 2022, translation differences amounted to EUR 789 (2021: EUR 9,659). Translation differences mainly relate to the change in the value of the Croatian kuna, the Serbian dinar and the Macedonian denar.

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 2022 2021 2022 2021
As at 1 Jan 21,246,888 40,173,090 3,619,684 6,039,787
Change in fair value -165,003,702 -18,093,438 -27,260,529 -2,987,782
Transfer from fair value reserve to the IS due to
disposal
-3,615,107 -5,105,275 0 0
Deferred tax 30,823,361 4,212,833 5,179,499 567,678
Other reclassifications 0 59,678 0 0
Total fair value reserve -116,548,560 21,246,888 -18,461,344 3,619,684

17.8.21 Net profit or loss and retained earnings

The net profit attributable to the owners of the controlling company relating to the 2022 financial year totalled EUR 68.2 million (2021: EUR 76.1 million).

The Company ended the 2022 financial year with a net profit of EUR 55.7 million (2021: loss of EUR 52.8 million).

Earnings or loss per share

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Net profit or loss for the period 68,242,586 76,167,178 55,966,872 52,840,127
Net profit or loss attributable to owners of the
controlling company
68,018,387 76,074,720 0 0
Weighted average number of shares outstanding 15,497,696 15,497,696 15,497,696 15,497,696
Earnings or loss per share 4.39 4.91 3.61 3.41

Comprehensive income per share

EUR Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Comprehensive income for the period -68,768,647 57,585,415 34,296,094 50,469,981
Comprehensive income for the owners of the
controlling company
-68,983,681 57,494,563 0 0
Weighted average number of shares outstanding 15,497,696 15,497,696 15,497,696 15,497,696
Comprehensive income per share -4.45 3.71 2.21 3.26

The weighted number of shares takes into account the annual average calculated on the basis of monthly averages of ordinary shares less the number of own shares. The weighted average number of shares outstanding in

the financial period was 15,497,696 and the same as in 2021. The parent does not have potentially dilutive capital instruments, which is why basic earnings per share equal diluted earnings per share.

Retained earnings as at 31 December 2022 grew by EUR 26.4 million from 31 December 2021 (2021: increase of EUR 42.8 million).

In 2022, the Company paid out EUR 23,246,544 in

dividends (2021: EUR 13,173,042). The distributable profit for 2022 totals EUR 41.8 million (2021: EUR 37.1 million).

Statement of distributable profit or loss

Sava Re
EUR 2022 2021
Net profit or loss for the period 55,966,871.71 52,840,127.40
- profit or loss for the year under applicable standards 55,966,871.71 52,840,127.40
Release from profit reserve 0.00 0.00
Retained earnings or losses 13,807,182.07 10,633,662.37
Adjustment to retained earnings 0.00 0.00
Additions to profit reserve as per resolution of the management board 0.00 0.00
- Additions to reserves for own shares 0.00 0.00
Additions to other reserves as per resolution of the management and
supervisory boards
27,983,435.86 26,420,063.70
Distributable profit to be allocated by the general meeting 41,790,617.92 37,053,726.07
- to shareholders not yet published 23,246,544.00
- to be carried forward to the next year 0.00 13,807,182.07

17.8.22 Non-controlling interests in equity

Non-controlling interests in equity

Sava Insurance Group
EUR
31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
309,711
Sava Osiguruvanje (MKD) 401,492
Sava Station 1,670 -1,457
TBS Team 24 68,708 59,044
Total 471,870 367,298

17.8.23 Subordinated liabilities

In October 2019, Sava Re issued subordinated bonds with a scheduled maturity of 2039, ISIN code XS2063427574 and with an early recall option for 7 November 2029.

The total issue size is EUR 75 million. Until the early recall option of the bond, the annual interest rate is fixed at 3.75% and the coupon is payable annually. If the issuer does not exercise the early recall option, the annual interest rate after the date of the early recall will be 4.683% over the three-month Euribor, with

coupons payable quarterly.

The bond is admitted to trading on the regulated market of the Luxembourg Stock Exchange. As at 31 December 2022, the market price of the bond was 74.499% and the market value EUR 56,290,346 (2021: price 100.532% and market value EUR 78,065,096). The book value of the bond as at 31 December 2022 was EUR 74,924,356 (31 December 2021: EUR 74,863,524).

The effective interest rate on the bond issued (calculated from the early recall option) is 3.86%.

Sava Re
EUR
31 Dec 2021 Additions Reductions 31 Dec 2022
Subordinated bond 74,863,524 2,873,332 -2,812,500 74,924,356

Additions relate to attributable interest; reductions relate to interest paid.

17.8.24 Technical provisions and the technical provision for the benefit of life insurance policyholders who bear the investment risk

Movement in gross technical provisions and the technical provision for the benefit of life insurance policyholders who bear the investment risk

Sava Insurance Group
EUR
31 Dec 2021 Additions Uses Reversals Exchange
differences
31 Dec 2022
Gross unearned premiums 207,022,452 290,731,409 -260,919,191 -6,624,062 -411,878 229,798,730
Technical provisions for life insurance business 443,577,279 42,562,092 -62,100,029 -1,368,643 -18,768 422,651,931
Gross provision for outstanding claims 578,713,597 280,509,868 -163,928,892 -108,464,748 -212,540 586,617,285
Gross provision for bonuses, rebates and cancellations 1,530,854 1,783,945 -1,399,897 -51,907 52 1,863,047
Other gross technical provisions 6,655,935 7,657,291 -4,005,246 -1,297,525 1,060 9,011,515
Total 1,237,500,117 623,244,605 -492,353,255 -117,806,885 -642,074 1,249,942,508
Technical provision for the benefit of life insurance policyholders who bear the
investment risk
524,183,338 49,108,596 -73,090,800 -847,123 -2,406 499,351,605
Sava Insurance Group
EUR
31 Dec 2020 Additions Uses Reversals Exchange
differences
31 Dec 2021
Gross unearned premiums 210,614,842 277,970,688 -273,237,168 -8,506,710 180,800 207,022,452
Technical provisions for life insurance business 465,641,679 50,285,890 -71,677,100 -612,837 -60,353 443,577,279
Gross provision for outstanding claims 547,764,679 266,553,482 -142,186,269 -97,843,245 4,424,950 578,713,597
Gross provision for bonuses, rebates and cancellations 1,300,797 1,402,907 -1,112,097 -60,514 -239 1,530,854
Other gross technical provisions 7,990,057 5,955,262 -5,487,904 -1,798,215 -3,265 6,655,935
Total 1,233,312,054 602,168,229 -493,700,538 -108,821,521 4,541,893 1,237,500,117
Technical provision for the benefit of life insurance policyholders who bear the
investment risk
409,604,428 169,430,901 -53,924,606 -932,792 5,407 524,183,338

Sava Re
EUR
31 Dec 2021 Additions Uses Reversals Exchange
differences
31 Dec 2022
Gross unearned premiums 52,775,034 50,385,473 -49,738,955 0 -429,156 52,992,395
Gross provision for outstanding claims 278,281,619 149,528,196 -105,624,132 -29,283,901 71,342 292,973,123
Gross provision for bonuses, rebates and cancellations 272,725 321,245 -232,694 0 0 361,276
Other gross technical provisions 483,346 190,091 0 0 0 673,437
Total 331,812,724 200,425,004 -155,595,781 -29,283,901 -357,814 347,000,232
Sava Re
EUR
31 Dec 2020 Additions Uses Reversals Exchange
differences
31 Dec 2021
Gross unearned premiums 57,411,109 50,552,521 -55,481,908 0 293,312 52,775,034
Gross provision for outstanding claims 238,990,654 143,364,934 -76,932,193 -31,940,047 4,798,271 278,281,619
Gross provision for bonuses, rebates and cancellations 274,368 272,725 -274,368 0 0 272,725
Other gross technical provisions 1,206,740 483,346 -1,206,740 0 0 483,346
Total 297,882,871 194,673,526 -133,895,209 -31,940,047 5,091,583 331,812,724

The Group's gross technical provisions increased by 1.0%, or EUR 12.4 million, in 2022 (2021: EUR 4.2 million):

  • Gross unearned premiums grew by 11.0%, reflecting the growth in non-life insurance portfolios.
  • The gross provision for outstanding claims increased by 1.4%, with new provisioning due to portfolio growth and new claims offsetting decreases due to claim payments out of previously established provisions.
  • Mathematical provisions (technical provisions for life business) declined by 4.7% because of maturing life insurance portfolios of the Slovenian insurers, slightly offset by the growth seen in the other companies.

The composition of gross and net provisions for outstanding claims is shown in the following table.

Composition of the provision for outstanding claims

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Net provision for claims incurred but no reported 203,996,023 228,769,676 69,949,326 62,131,812
Gross provision for outstanding claims 205,274,678 230,736,378 70,269,682 63,041,529
Reinsurers' share -1,278,655 -1,966,702 -320,356 -909,716
Net provision for claims reported but not settled,
triangles
310,785,512 281,003,785 175,196,537 174,046,481
Gross provision for outstanding claims 363,762,787 327,471,155 222,936,018 215,440,171
Reinsurers' share -52,977,275 -46,467,370 -47,739,481 -41,393,690
Net provision for expected subrogation recoveries -2,681,148 -2,450,618 -232,576 -200,081
Gross provision for outstanding claims -2,681,148 -2,450,618 -232,576 -200,081
Net provision for loss adjustment expenses 16,998,828 17,626,038 0 0
Gross provision for outstanding claims 16,998,828 17,626,038 0 0
Net provision for accepted co-insurance business 2,668,244 4,827,246 0 0
Gross provision for outstanding claims 3,262,140 5,330,644 0 0
Reinsurers' share -593,896 -503,398 0 0
Total gross provision for outstanding claims 586,617,285 578,713,597 292,973,124 278,281,619
Total reinsurers' share -54,849,826 -48,937,470 -48,059,837 -42,303,406
Net provision for outstanding claims 531,767,459 529,776,127 244,913,287 235,978,213
  • The provision for bonuses, rebates and cancellations is a small part of technical provisions; it mainly grew in Slovenian non-life insurance business.
  • The provision for unexpired risks (shown as part of other gross technical provisions) increased by 34.4% as a result of the growth in non-life portfolios and a deterioration in the expected claims experience (inflation, return to pre-pandemic claim frequency).
  • The provision for the benefit of life insurance policyholders who bear the investment risk decreased by 4.7%, mainly due to the unfavourable changes in unit prices of funds caused by market conditions, partially offset by new premiums.

Sava Re's gross technical provisions increased by 4.6%, or EUR 15.2 million, year on year. Unearned premiums grew by EUR 0.4 million, relatively less than premiums, because of a smaller proportion of proportional reinsurance. The provision for outstanding claims increased by 5.3%, or EUR 14.7 million, with the majority of the increase (EUR 13.7 million) reflecting the increase in business from non-Group cedants due to portfolio growth and large loss events in recent years.

Calculation of the gross provision for unexpired risks by class of insurance

EUR EUR
31 Dec 2022 Primary insurance Sava Re 31 Dec 2021 Primary insurance Sava Re
Personal accident 248,052 0 Personal accident 244,470 0
Health 192,293 0 Health 270,269 248
Land motor vehicles 879,087 0 Land motor vehicles 710,129 0
Railway rolling stock 538 11,822 Railway rolling stock 1,156 13,626
Aircraft hull 35,775 35,284 Aircraft hull 4,140 50,803
Ships hull 38,002 381,301 Ships hull 9,291 413,583
Fire and natural forces 4,292,626 245,030 Goods in transit 27,536 0
Other damage to property 234,044 0 Fire and natural forces 3,596,001 0
Motor vehicle liability 2,128,554 0 Other damage to property 258,394 0
Aircraft liability 4,675 0 Motor vehicle liability 917,840 0
Liability for ships 10,652 0 Aircraft liability 1,644 0
General liability 179,783 0 Liability for ships 6,357 0
Suretyship 9,817 0 General liability 70,887 0
Miscellaneous financial loss 78,965 0 Suretyship 3,549 0
Assistance 5,216 0 Miscellaneous financial loss 30,347 5,086
Total 8,338,078 673,437 Assistance 20,576 0
Total 6,172,588 483,346

We also present the movement in net technical provisions for the Group and Sava Re for 2022 and 2021.

Movement in net technical provisions and the technical provision for the benefit of life insurance policyholders who bear the investment risk

Sava Insurance Group
EUR
31 Dec 2021 Additions Uses Reversals Exchange
differences
31 Dec 2022
Net unearned premiums 198,234,062 281,311,129 -253,365,582 -6,589,082 -410,793 219,179,734
Net technical provisions for life insurance business 443,577,279 42,562,092 -62,100,029 -1,368,643 -18,768 422,651,931
Net provision for outstanding claims 529,776,127 256,585,769 -144,410,966 -109,806,635 -376,836 531,767,459
Net provision for bonuses, rebates and cancellations 1,489,658 1,682,334 -1,391,564 -51,893 2,809 1,731,344
Other net technical provisions 6,655,935 7,657,291 -4,005,246 -1,297,525 1,060 9,011,515
Total 1,179,733,061 589,798,615 -465,273,387 -119,113,778 -802,528 1,184,341,983
Net technical provision for the benefit of life insurance policyholders who
bear the investment risk
524,183,338 49,108,596 -73,090,800 -847,123 -2,406 499,351,605
Sava Insurance Group
EUR
31 Dec 2020 Additions Uses Reversals Exchange
differences
31 Dec 2021
Net unearned premiums 201,032,696 270,322,681 -264,782,949 -8,435,453 97,087 198,234,062
Net technical provisions for life insurance business 465,641,679 50,285,890 -71,677,100 -612,837 -60,353 443,577,279
Net provision for outstanding claims 514,762,029 238,218,733 -130,474,421 -96,822,766 4,092,552 529,776,127
Net provision for bonuses, rebates and cancellations 1,273,554 1,388,265 -1,112,097 -59,773 -291 1,489,658
Other net technical provisions 7,992,879 5,955,262 -5,490,726 -1,798,215 -3,265 6,655,935
Total 1,190,702,837 566,170,831 -473,537,293 -107,729,044 4,125,730 1,179,733,061
Net technical provision for the benefit of life insurance policyholders who
bear the investment risk
409,604,428 169,430,901 -53,924,606 -932,792 5,407 524,183,338

Sava Re

Sava Re Additions –
acquisition of
Exchange
EUR 31 Dec 2021 Additions Uses Reversals subsidiary differences 31 Dec 2022
Net unearned premiums 46,591,996 42,990,681 -43,589,093 0 0 -425,500 45,568,085
Net technical provisions for life insurance business 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Net provision for outstanding claims 235,978,212 128,307,773 -88,648,822 -30,629,909 0 -93,968 244,913,286
Net provision for bonuses, rebates and cancellations 272,725 321,245 -232,694 0 0 0 361,276
Other net technical provisions 483,346 190,091 0 0 0 0 673,437
Total 283,326,281 171,809,790 -132,470,609 -30,629,909 0 -519,467 291,516,085
Sava Re
EUR
31 Dec 2020 Additions Uses Reversals Exchange
differences
31 Dec 2021
Net unearned premiums 50,764,978 44,451,893 -48,836,731 0 211,856 46,591,996
Net provision for outstanding claims 213,701,669 116,879,517 -67,822,312 -31,257,060 4,476,398 235,978,212
Net provision for bonuses, rebates and cancellations 274,368 272,725 -274,368 0 0 272,725
Other net technical provisions 1,206,740 483,346 -1,206,740 0 0 483,346
Total 265,947,755 162,087,482 -118,140,151 -31,257,059 4,688,255 283,326,281

We have identified the most important uncertain assumption on which the level of gross claims provisions depends as the claims ratio for the most recent year. We present the sensitivity of non-life (re)insurance claims provisions to this assumption for the Group and Sava Re:

Sensitivity of the Group's gross non-life insurance claims provision (CP) as at 31 December 2022

Scenario
EUR
Base CP Post-stress CP Stress impact Stress impact (%)
5% rise in loss ratio for most recent year 571,393,822 590,768,939 19,375,117 3.39%
5% drop in loss ratio for most recent year 571,393,822 552,018,704 -19,375,118 -3.39%

Sensitivity of Sava Re's gross claims provision (CP) as at 31 December 2022

Scenario
EUR
Base CP Post-stress CP Stress impact Stress impact (%)
5% rise in loss ratio for most recent year 292,973,124 298,758,148 5,785,024 1.97%
5% drop in loss ratio for most recent year 292,973,124 287,188,100 -5,785,024 -1.97%

We have identified the expected combined ratio as the most important uncertain assumption on which the level of the provision for unexpired risks depends. We present the sensitivity of the provision for unexpired risks to this assumption for the Group and Sava Re:

Sensitivity of the Group's provision for unexpired risks (PUR) as at 31 December 2022

Scenario
EUR
Base PUR Post-stress PUR Stress impact Stress impact (%)
5% rise in expected combined ratio 10,874,562 15,378,845 4,504,283 41.42%
5% drop in expected combined ratio 10,874,562 6,706,330 -4,168,232 -38.33%

Sensitivity of Sava Re's provision for unexpired risks (PUR) as at 31 December 2022

Scenario
EUR
Base PUR Post-stress PUR Stress impact Stress impact (%)
5% rise in expected combined ratio 673,437 1,619,479 946,042 140.48%
5% drop in expected combined ratio 673,437 376,160 -297,277 -44.14%

17.8.25 Other provisions

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Provision for severance pay upon retirement 4,244,938 4,954,165 266,392 295,760
Provision for jubilee benefits 2,648,899 2,976,448 126,248 126,105
Other provisions 1,200,654 1,087,490 0 0
Total 8,094,491 9,018,106 392,640 421,864

Movement in the provision for severance pay upon retirement and jubilee benefits

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR Provision for
severance pay upon
retirement
Provision for jubilee
benefits
Total Provision for
severance pay upon
retirement
Provision for jubilee
benefits
Total
Balance as at 31 Dec 2021 4,954,165 2,976,448 7,930,616 295,760 126,105 421,864
Interest expense (IS145) 120,050 67,432 187,482 -1,730 -855 -2,585
Current service cost (IS) 303,743 255,154 558,897 28,266 15,495 43,761
Past service cost (IS) 3,736 19,867 23,603 0 14,064 14,064
Payout of benefits (-) -171,197 -260,007 -431,204 0 -11,835 -11,835
Actuarial losses (IS) -4,650 -409,871 -414,521 0 -16,726 -16,726
Actuarial losses (SFP146) -960,947 0 -960,947 -55,904 0 -55,904
Exchange differences 38 -124 -86 0 0 0
Balance as at 31 Dec 2022 4,244,938 2,648,899 6,893,837 266,392 126,248 392,640

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR Provision for
severance pay upon
retirement
Provision for jubilee
benefits
Total Provision for
severance pay upon
retirement
Provision for jubilee
benefits
Total
Balance as at 31 Dec 2020 4,975,802 3,004,424 7,980,226 307,978 116,366 424,345
Interest expense (IS) 34,011 17,033 51,044 -1,977 -786 -2,764
Current service cost (IS) 424,008 259,366 683,374 30,329 18,131 48,461
Past service cost (IS) -6,989 12,783 5,794 9,387 6,558 15,945
Payout of benefits (-) -124,336 -226,263 -350,599 0 -6,596 -6,596
Actuarial losses (IS) 0 -90,945 -90,945 0 -7,570 -7,570
Actuarial losses (SFP) -348,386 0 -348,386 -49,957 0 -49,957
Exchange differences 55 50 105 0 0 0
Balance as at 31 Dec 2021 4,954,165 2,976,448 7,930,613 295,760 126,103 421,865

The main assumptions used in the calculation of provisions for jubilee benefits and severance pay upon retirement are as follows: The interest rate curves used for discounting are those published by EIOPA for the calculation of capital adequacy. The expected increase in salaries and jubilee benefits is calculated using real growth based on historical data for individual companies (Sava Re: 0.8%) and long-term inflation of 2.7%. The expected early departure rates used vary by age

group and are based on the historical departure rates of each company (Sava Re: 3.1% up to 35 years, 4.2% between 35 and 45 years, 4.9% over 45 years). Expected mortality is determined on the basis of the population mortality tables of the country of incorporation of each Group company.

Below we provide a sensitivity analysis of the provision for severance pay upon retirement and the provision for jubilee benefits.

Sava Insurance Group Provision for
severance pay upon retirement
Provision for
jubilee benefits
Sava Insurance Group Provision for
severance pay upon retirement
Provision for
jubilee benefits
Impact on the level of provisions (EUR) 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 Impact on the level of provisions (EUR) 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Decrease in discount rate of 1% 456,051 704,379 214,049 330,433 Decrease in discount rate of 1% 32,369 41,386 9,474 10,778
Increase in discount rate of 1% -387,196 -584,251 -186,735 -282,534 Increase in discount rate of 1% -27,498 -34,493 -8,314 -9,413
Decrease in real income growth of 0.5% -196,066 -300,545 -85,090 -131,747 Decrease in real income growth of 0.5% -14,738 -17,947 0 0
Increase in real income growth of 0.5% 210,276 327,320 89,990 141,195 Increase in real income growth of 0.5% 16,032 19,883 0 0
Decrease in staff turnover of 10% 152,777 180,285 77,227 87,290 Decrease in staff turnover of 10% 16,194 17,579 4,405 4,549
Increase in staff turnover of 10 % -144,684 -168,800 -73,859 -82,691 Increase in staff turnover of 10 % -15,037 -16,344 -4,168 -4,321
Decrease in mortality rate of 10% 30,399 36,456 11,564 13,558 Decrease in mortality rate of 10% 2,137 2,473 290 309
Increase in mortality rate of 10% -30,099 -34,607 -11,469 -12,645 Increase in mortality rate of 10% -2,115 -2,445 -289 -307
Sava Insurance Group
EUR
31 Dec 2021 Additions Uses and reversals Additions –
acquisition of
subsidiary
Exchange
differences
31 Dec 2022
Other provisions 1,087,490 432,681 -318,209 0 -1,308 1,200,654
Total 1,087,490 432,681 -318,209 0 -1,308 1,200,654
Sava Insurance Group
EUR
31 Dec 2020 Additions Uses and reversals Exchange
differences
31 Dec 2021
Other provisions 1,307,509 138,974 -361,916 2,923 1,087,490
Total 1,307,509 138,974 -361,916 2,923 1,087,490

Other provisions consist mainly of provisions for the guarantee fund.

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Liabilities to policyholders 14,777,987 13,902,460 24,472,648 23,705,142
Liabilities to insurance intermediaries 5,573,720 5,078,410 0 0
Other liabilities from primary insurance business 22,243,193 22,688,749 17,253,185 15,850,892
Liabilities from primary insurance business 42,594,900 41,669,619 41,725,833 39,556,034
Liabilities for reinsurance premiums 11,431,141 9,958,801 7,877,696 6,592,670
Liabilities for shares in reinsurance claims 72,475 116,011 291 139
Other liabilities due from co-insurance and reinsurance 12,623 34,264 0 0
Liabilities from reinsurance and co-insurance business 11,516,239 10,109,076 7,877,987 6,592,809
Current income tax liabilities 2,097,764 3,004,684 45,414 394,752
Total 56,208,903 54,783,379 49,649,234 46,543,595
Sava Insurance Group
EUR
Contractual maturity Sava Insurance Group
EUR
Contractual maturity
31 Dec 2022 From 1 to 5 years Up to 1 year Total 31 Dec 2021 From 1 to 5 years Up to 1 year Total
Liabilities to policyholders 1,468,577 13,309,410 14,777,987 Liabilities to policyholders 1,295,018 12,607,442 13,902,460
Liabilities to insurance intermediaries 0 5,573,720 5,573,720 Liabilities to insurance intermediaries 0 5,078,410 5,078,410
Other liabilities from primary insurance business 488,868 21,754,325 22,243,193 Other liabilities from primary insurance business 408,355 22,280,394 22,688,749
Liabilities from primary insurance business 1,957,445 40,637,455 42,594,900 Liabilities from primary insurance business 1,703,373 39,966,246 41,669,619
Liabilities for reinsurance and co-insurance premiums 18,633 11,412,508 11,431,141 Liabilities for reinsurance and co-insurance premiums 158 9,958,643 9,958,801
Liabilities for shares in reinsurance claims 0 72,475 72,475 Liabilities for shares in reinsurance claims 0 116,011 116,011
Other liabilities from reinsurance and co-insurance business 0 12,623 12,623 Other liabilities from reinsurance and co-insurance business 0 34,264 34,264
Liabilities from reinsurance and co-insurance business 18,633 11,497,606 11,516,239 Liabilities from reinsurance and co-insurance business 158 10,108,918 10,109,076
Current income tax liabilities 0 2,097,764 2,097,764 Current income tax liabilities 0 3,004,684 3,004,684
Total 1,976,078 54,232,825 56,208,903 Total 1,703,531 53,079,848 54,783,379

The Group has no liabilities with a maturity of more than 5 years.

Sava Re Contractual maturity
EUR
31 Dec 2022
From 1 to 5 years Up to 1 year Total
Liabilities to policyholders 1,468,577 23,004,071 24,472,648
Other liabilities from primary insurance business 488,868 16,764,317 17,253,185
Liabilities from primary insurance business 1,957,445 39,768,388 41,725,833
Liabilities for reinsurance and co-insurance premiums 18,633 7,859,062 7,877,696
Liabilities for shares in reinsurance claims 0 291 291
Liabilities from reinsurance and co-insurance business 18,633 7,859,354 7,877,987
Current income tax liabilities 0 45,414 45,414
Total 1,976,078 47,673,155 49,649,234
Sava Re Contractual maturity
EUR
31 Dec 2021
From 1 to 5 years Up to 1 year Total
Liabilities to policyholders 1,295,018 22,410,125 23,705,142
Other liabilities from primary insurance business 408,355 15,442,537 15,850,892
Liabilities from primary insurance business 1,703,373 37,852,662 39,556,034
Liabilities for reinsurance and co-insurance premiums 158 6,592,512 6,592,670
Liabilities for shares in reinsurance claims 0 139 139
Liabilities from reinsurance and co-insurance business 158 6,592,652 6,592,809
Current income tax liabilities 0 394,752 394,752
Total 1,703,530 44,840,065 46,543,595

The other liabilities due from co-insurance and reinsurance item comprises liabilities for reinsurance commission.

Other financial liabilities relate to liabilities for a loan in a subsidiary in Serbia of EUR 567 thousand as at 31 December 2022 (31 December 2021: EUR 584 thousand).

17.8.27 Other liabilities

Other liabilities by maturity

Other liabilities and short-term provisions (deferred income and accrued expenses) are unsecured.

Sava Insurance Group Contractual maturity Sava Re Contractual maturity
EUR
31 Dec 2022
Over 1 year Up to 1 year Total EUR
31 Dec 2022
Up to 1 year Total
Other liabilities 239,948 22,309,143 22,549,091 Other liabilities 2,014,726 2,014,726
Short-term provisions (deferred income and accrued expenses) 0 26,589,261 26,589,261 Short-term provisions (deferred income and accrued expenses) 6,171,158 6,171,158
Total 239,948 48,898,402 49,138,352 Total 8,185,884 8,185,884
Sava Insurance Group
EUR
Contractual maturity Sava Re
EUR
Contractual maturity
31 Dec 2021 Over 1 year Up to 1 year Total 31 Dec 2021 Up to 1 year Total
Other liabilities 447,147 29,363,572 29,810,719 Other liabilities 4,104,690 4,104,690
Short-term provisions (deferred income and accrued expenses) 0 32,229,435 32,229,435 Short-term provisions (deferred income and accrued expenses) 2,886,400 2,886,400
Total 447,147 61,593,007 62,040,154 Total 6,991,091 6,991,091

Short-term provisions include reinsurance commission items and accrued charges for unused vacation and severance payments to employees.

Sava Insurance Group Contractual maturity Sava Re Contractual maturity
EUR
31 Dec 2022
Over 1 year Up to 1 year Total EUR
31 Dec 2022
Up to 1 year Total
Other liabilities 239,948 22,309,143 22,549,091 Other liabilities 2,014,726 2,014,726
Short-term provisions (deferred income and accrued expenses) 0 26,589,261 26,589,261 Short-term provisions (deferred income and accrued expenses) 6,171,158 6,171,158
Total 239,948 48,898,402 49,138,352 Total 8,185,884 8,185,884
Sava Insurance Group
EUR
Contractual maturity Sava Re
EUR
Contractual maturity
31 Dec 2021 Over 1 year Up to 1 year Total 31 Dec 2021 Up to 1 year Total
Other liabilities 447,147 29,363,572 29,810,719 Other liabilities 4,104,690 4,104,690
Short-term provisions (deferred income and accrued expenses) 0 32,229,435 32,229,435 Short-term provisions (deferred income and accrued expenses) 2,886,400 2,886,400
Total 447,147 61,593,007 62,040,154 Total 6,991,091 6,991,091

Diverse other liabilities

EUR

Diverse other liabilities Sava Re
EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Short-term liabilities due to employees 4,107,320 3,787,253 637,853 584,768
Diverse other short-term liabilities for insurance business 5,559,846 4,827,142 0 0
Short-term trade liabilities 8,749,734 11,590,073 972,581 1,837,846
Diverse other short-term liabilities 3,892,241 9,159,104 404,292 1,682,076
Other long-term liabilities 239,948 447,147 0 0
Total 22,549,089 29,810,719 2,014,726 4,104,690

Diverse other short-term liabilities relate to liabilities for insurance premium tax and fire brigade charges.

Diverse other short-term liabilities also include liabilities for value added tax and liabilities for contributions and payroll taxes.

Change in short-term provisions

Short-term accrued expenses
EUR
31 Dec 2021 Additions Uses Reversals Exchange
differences
31 Dec 2022
Short-term accrued expenses 8,549,454 32,821,666 -28,855,548 -23,913 -679 12,490,980
Other accrued costs (expenses) and deferred revenue 23,679,981 30,613,254 -40,190,157 -6,126 1,329 14,098,281
Total 32,229,435 63,434,920 -69,045,705 -30,039 650 26,589,261
Short-term accrued expenses
EUR
31 Dec 2020 Additions Uses Reversals Exchange
differences
31 Dec 2021
Short-term accrued expenses 7,981,663 24,535,691 -23,958,984 -10,529 1,613 8,549,454
Other accrued costs (expenses) and deferred revenue 13,525,798 39,903,374 -29,745,220 -6,194 2,223 23,679,981
Total 21,507,461 64,439,065 -53,704,204 -16,723 3,836 32,229,435
Sava Re
EUR
31 Dec 2021 Additions Uses 31 Dec 2022
Total 2,886,400 6,542,601 -3,257,844 6,171,157
Other accrued costs (expenses) and deferred revenue 251,207 51,293 0 302,500
Short-term accrued expenses 2,635,193 6,491,308 -3,257,844 5,868,657
Sava Re
EUR
31 Dec 2020 Additions Uses 31 Dec 2021
Short-term accrued expenses 2,319,591 1,525,025 -1,209,422 2,635,193
Other accrued costs (expenses) and deferred revenue 277,438 -26,231 251,207
Total 2,597,028 1,525,025 -1,235,653 2,886,400

5,868,657
302,500
6.171 157

17.8.28 Fair values of assets and liabilities

Financial assets by level of the fair value hierarchy

Sava Insurance Group
EUR
31 Dec 2022
Carrying amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total fair value Difference between FV
and CA
Investments measured at fair value 1,219,758,801 1,018,241,046 126,976,175 74,541,580 1,219,758,801 0
At FVTPL 18,982,740 4,936,358 12,721,070 1,325,312 18,982,740 0
Designated to this category 18,982,740 4,936,358 12,721,070 1,325,312 18,982,740 0
Debt instruments 15,607,694 1,572,899 12,721,070 1,313,725 15,607,694 0
Equity instruments 3,375,046 3,363,459 0 11,587 3,375,046 0
Available for sale 1,200,776,061 1,013,304,688 114,255,105 73,216,268 1,200,776,061 0
Debt instruments 1,088,530,060 973,904,449 113,768,156 857,455 1,088,530,060 0
Equity instruments 41,892,564 39,400,239 486,949 2,005,376 41,892,564 0
Investments in infrastructure funds 53,856,376 0 0 53,856,376 53,856,376 0
Investments in real-estate funds 16,497,061 0 0 16,497,061 16,497,061 0
Investments for the benefit of policyholders who bear the investment risk 481,789,080 479,972,635 1,702,086 114,359 481,789,080 0
Investments not measured at fair value 77,253,970 33,296,083 6,474,935 33,784,170 73,555,188 -3,698,782
Held-to-maturity assets 46,253,622 33,296,083 6,474,935 2,783,822 42,554,840 -3,698,782
Debt instruments 46,253,622 33,296,083 6,474,935 2,783,822 42,554,840 -3,698,782
Loans and deposits 31,000,348 0 0 31,000,348 31,000,348 0
Deposits 19,276,121 0 0 19,276,121 19,276,121 0
Loans granted 1,389,258 0 0 1,389,258 1,389,258 0
Deposits with cedants 10,334,969 0 0 10,334,969 10,334,969 0
Investments for the benefit of policyholders who bear the investment risk not measured at fair value 2,104,789 2,010,684 0 0 2,010,684 -94,105
Total investments 1,297,012,771 1,051,537,129 133,451,110 108,325,750 1,293,313,989 -3,698,782
Total investments for the benefit of life policyholders who bear the investment risk 483,893,869 481,983,319 1,702,086 114,359 483,799,764 -94,105

Sava Insurance Group Fair value
EUR
31 Dec 2021
Carrying amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total fair value Difference between FV
and CA
Investments measured at fair value 1,402,818,747 1,096,267,790 236,756,942 69,794,015 1,402,818,747 0
At FVTPL 34,386,074 17,194,823 15,708,219 1,483,032 34,386,074 0
Designated to this category 34,386,074 17,194,823 15,708,219 1,483,032 34,386,074 0
Debt instruments 29,300,362 12,120,683 15,708,219 1,471,460 29,300,362 0
Equity instruments 5,085,712 5,074,140 0 11,572 5,085,712 0
Available for sale 1,368,432,673 1,079,072,967 221,048,723 68,310,983 1,368,432,673 0
Debt instruments 1,241,312,597 1,014,982,697 220,365,284 5,964,616 1,241,312,597 0
Equity instruments 66,741,051 64,090,270 683,439 1,967,342 66,741,051 0
Investments in infrastructure funds 44,532,966 0 0 44,532,966 44,532,966 0
Investments in real-estate funds 15,846,059 0 0 15,846,059 15,846,059 0
Investments for the benefit of policyholders who bear the investment risk 511,352,100 509,280,047 2,072,053 0 511,352,100 0
Investments not measured at fair value 69,869,696 21,855,896 18,909,719 30,694,309 71,459,924 1,590,228
Held-to-maturity assets 40,023,124 21,855,896 18,909,719 847,737 41,613,352 1,590,228
Debt instruments 40,023,124 21,855,896 18,909,719 847,737 41,613,352 1,590,228
Loans and deposits 29,846,572 0 0 29,846,572 29,846,572 0
Deposits 18,561,697 0 0 18,561,697 18,561,697 0
Loans granted 1,674,538 0 0 1,674,538 1,674,538 0
Deposits with cedants 9,610,337 0 0 9,610,337 9,610,337 0
Investments for the benefit of policyholders who bear the investment risk not measured at fair value 6,087,492 3,990,270 276,810 2,008,600 6,275,680 188,188
Total investments 1,472,688,443 1,118,123,686 255,666,661 100,488,324 1,474,278,671 1,590,228

Sava Re Fair value
EUR
31 Dec 2022
Carrying amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total fair value Difference between FV
and CA
Investments measured at fair value 319,077,960 259,193,644 33,216,245 26,668,071 319,077,960 0
At FVTPL 5,374,259 98,256 3,962,278 1,313,725 5,374,259 0
Designated to this category 5,374,259 98,256 3,962,278 1,313,725 5,374,259 0
Debt instruments 5,276,003 3,962,278 1,313,725 5,276,003 0
Equity instruments 98,256 98,256 98,256 0
Available for sale 313,703,701 259,095,388 29,253,967 25,354,346 313,703,701 0
Debt instruments 280,840,336 251,163,086 29,253,967 423,283 280,840,336 0
Equity instruments 9,435,280 7,932,302 1,502,978 9,435,280 0
Investments in infrastructure funds 18,843,871 18,843,871 18,843,871 0
Investments in real-estate funds 4,584,214 4,584,214 4,584,214 0
Investments not measured at fair value 14,250,757 2,216,867 0 12,175,362 14,392,229 141,472
Held-to-maturity assets 2,075,395 2,216,867 0 0 2,216,867 141,472
Debt instruments 2,075,395 2,216,867 2,216,867 141,472
Loans and deposits 12,175,362 0 0 12,175,362 12,175,362 0
Loans granted 1,840,393 1,840,393 1,840,393 0
Deposits with cedants 10,334,969 10,334,969 10,334,969 0
Total investments 333,328,717 261,410,511 33,216,245 38,843,433 333,470,189 141,472

Sava Re Fair value
EUR
31 Dec 2021
Carrying amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Difference between FV
and CA
Investments measured at fair value 312,784,306 263,433,279 23,112,215 26,238,813 312,784,306 0
At FVTPL 9,283,045 3,289,895 4,668,448 1,324,703 9,283,045 0
Designated to this category 9,283,045 3,289,895 4,668,448 1,324,703 9,283,045 0
Debt instruments 9,157,021 3,163,871 4,668,448 1,324,703 9,157,021 0
Equity instruments 126,024 126,024 0 0 126,024 0
Available for sale 303,501,261 260,143,384 18,443,767 24,914,110 303,501,261 0
Debt instruments 271,786,710 249,104,071 18,212,040 4,470,599 271,786,710 0
Equity instruments 12,735,984 11,039,313 231,727 1,464,944 12,735,984 0
Investments in infrastructure funds 14,554,843 0 0 14,554,843 14,554,843 0
Investments in real-estate funds 4,423,724 0 0 4,423,724 4,423,724 0
Investments not measured at fair value 15,000,289 2,543,887 0 12,925,080 15,468,967 468,678
Held-to-maturity assets 2,816,979 2,543,887 0 741,770 3,285,657 468,678
Debt instruments 2,816,979 2,543,887 0 741,770 3,285,657 468,678
Loans and deposits 12,183,310 0 0 12,183,310 12,183,310 0
Loans granted 2,572,974 0 0 2,572,974 2,572,974 0
Deposits with cedants 9,610,337 0 0 9,610,337 9,610,337 0
Total investments 327,784,595 265,977,166 23,112,215 39,163,893 328,253,273 468,678

The fair value of the investment property of the Company as at 31 December 2022 stood at EUR 9,997,159 (2021: EUR 8,990,602), that of the Group at EUR 25,680,767 (2021: 15,893,227). The Company classifies investment property as level 3 assets.

Movement in investments, income and expenses measured at fair value – level 3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- --
Sava Insurance Group Debt instruments
Equity instruments
Investments in infrastructure funds Investments in real-estate funds
EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Opening balance 7,436,076 1,773,017 1,978,914 1,911,070 44,532,966 27,436,469 15,846,059 14,340,307
Exchange differences 144,694 0 15 0 0 -2 0 0
Additions 0 80,104 0 0 10,051,674 16,069,997 144,555 0
Disposals -1,094,491 0 0 0 -437,330 -955,057 0 0
Maturities -5,167,541 -417,985 0 0 0 0 0 0
Revaluation to fair value -5,014 -31,952 11,741 67,844 -290,934 1,981,559 506,447 1,505,752
Reclassification into levels 857,455 6,032,892 26,293 0 0 0 0 0
Closing balance 2,171,179 7,436,076 2,016,963 1,978,914 53,856,376 44,532,966 16,497,061 15,846,059
Income 244,687 151,073 53,323 10,484 1,925,727 1,429,893 181,294 349,833
Expenses 0 -396 0 0 0 0 0 0
Unrealised gains/losses -10,978 -17,131 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sava Re Debt instruments Equity instruments Investments in infrastructure funds Investments in real-estate funds
EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Opening balance 5,795,302 1,704,752 1,464,944 1,397,109 14,554,843 9,200,979 4,423,724 3,969,161
Exchange differences 144,694 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0
Additions 0 0 0 0 4,724,062 5,454,838 48,185 0
Disposals -1,094,491 0 0 0 -437,330 -955,057 0 0
Maturities -3,525,151 -350,396 0 0 0 0 0 0
Revaluation to fair value -6,630 -29,653 11,741 67,835 2,297 854,084 112,305 454,563
Reclassification into levels 423,283 4,470,599 26,293 0 0 0 0 0
Closing balance 1,737,009 5,795,302 1,502,978 1,464,944 18,843,872 14,554,843 4,584,214 4,423,724
Income 238,580 142,363 53,323 10,484 602,302 506,705 51,281 100,588
Expenses 0 -396 0 0 0 0 0 0
Unrealised gains/losses -10,978 -17,131 0 0 0 0 0 0

Reclassification of assets and financial liabilities between levels

Sava Insurance Group
EUR
31 Dec 2022 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
FVTPL -173,593 173,593 0
Debt securities designated to this category reclassified from level 1 into level 2 -173,593 173,593 0
Available for sale -8,394,401 7,510,653 883,748
Debt instruments -8,394,401 7,536,946 857,455
Reclassification from level 1 into level 2 -8,560,024 8,560,024 0
Reclassification from level 2 into level 1 165,623 -165,623 0
Reclassification from level 2 into level 3 0 -857,455 857,455
Equity instruments 0 -26,293 26,293
Reclassification from level 2 into level 3 0 -26,293 26,293
Total -8,567,994 7,684,247 883,748
Sava Insurance Group
EUR
31 Dec 2021 Level 1 Level 2
FVTPL -57,495 57,495
Debt securities designated to this category reclassified from level 2 into level 1 -304,077 304,077
Equity securities designated to this category reclassified from level 2 into level 1 246,581 -246,581
Available for sale 27,634,818 -27,634,818
Debt instruments 17,757,961 -17,757,961
Reclassification from level 1 into level 2 -201,731 201,731
Reclassification from level 2 into level 1 17,959,693 -17,959,693
Equity instruments 9,876,857 -9,876,857
Reclassification from level 2 into level 1 9,876,857 -9,876,857
Total 27,577,323 -27,577,323

Sava Re
EUR
31 Dec 2022
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Available for sale -6,322,988 5,873,412 449,576
Debt instruments -6,322,988 5,899,705 423,283
Reclassification from level 1 into level 2 -6,322,988 6,322,988 0
Reclassification from level 2 into level 3 0 -423,283 423,283
Equity instruments 0 -26,293 26,293
Reclassification from level 2 into level 3 0 -26,293 26,293
Total -6,322,988 5,873,412 449,576
Sava Re
EUR
31 Dec 2021 Level 1 Level 2
FVTPL 126,024 -126,024
Designated to this category 126,024 -126,024
Equity instruments 126,024 -126,024
Reclassification from level 2 into level 1 126,024 -126,024
Available for sale 22,427,459 -22,427,459
Debt instruments 17,399,452 -17,399,452
Reclassification from level 2 into level 1 17,399,452 -17,399,452
Equity instruments 5,028,007 -5,028,007
Reclassification from level 2 into level 1 5,028,007 -5,028,007
Total 22,553,483 -22,553,483

As at 31 December 2022, a large proportion of the debt securities portfolio is valued at the CBBT bid

price, which represents the unadjusted quoted price and thus meets the criteria for a tier 1 classification.

Mutual funds and listed equity securities that meet the criteria of an active market, as well as debt securities valued at BVAL bid prices that meet the relevant price quality criteria, are also classified into this level.

As at 31 December 2022, level-1 investments represented 83.4% (31 December 2021: 78.1%) of financial investments measured at fair value.

In 2022, the proportion of OTC market assets measured using closing CBBT bid prices decreased compared to year-end 2021. As at 31 December 2022, level-1 investments represented 81.1% (31 December 2021: 84.2%) of financial investments measured at fair value.

Debt securities for which no CBBT bid price exists at the classification date, but a BVAL bid price of lower quality is available, are classified into Level 2. We classify into the same Level investments valued based on an internal model that uses directly and indirectly observable market inputs, such as the risk-free interest rate curve, yield of similar financial instruments, and credit and liquidity risk premiums. Equity securities valued using stock exchange prices that meet the criteria for a non-functioning market are also classified into this Level.

The Company classifies into Level 3 unquoted shares valued at cost, loans granted valued at amortised cost and investments in alternative funds, such as real-estate funds, infrastructure funds, private debt funds,

private equity funds and such like. There are no market prices available for such investments; therefore, valuation based on available market data is not possible.

The Sava Insurance Group classifies as level-3 investments its investments in alternative funds, such as real-estate funds, infrastructure funds, private debt funds, private equity funds and similar. Alternative funds are valued by fund managers in the form of fund unit values or as the value of invested assets, being the best approximation of fair value. Assets are valued based on material non-public information on assets invested in funds. The Company has only limited access to input data as used by fund managers, which is why own valuations are not carried out nor is it possible to run sensitivity analyses.

In order to value fund assets, managers of such funds generally use methods that comply with International Private Equity and Venture Capital Valuation standards, such as discounting of cash flows and the multiples method.

Valuation techniques for all items described above are defined in accounting policies. The method for investment property is described in section 17.4.12 "Investment property", for financial investments in subsidiaries and associates in section 17.4.13 "Financial investments in subsidiaries and associates", and for financial investments in section 17.4.14 "Financial investments and assets held for the benefit of policyholders who bear the investment risk".

17.8.29 Net premiums earned

Net premiums earned

Sava Insurance Group Change in unearned
2022
EUR
Gross premiums written Premiums written for
assumed co-insurance
Reinsurers' and co
insurers' shares (-)
Change in gross unearned
premiums (+/-)
premiums, reinsurers' and
co-insurers' shares (+/-)
Net premiums earned
Personal accident 37,334,987 32,953 -336,385 -673,478 3,315 36,361,392
Health 12,579,337 222,690 -919,393 -822,448 13,288 11,073,474
Land motor vehicles 153,627,614 2,041 -4,332,335 -9,596,248 1,010,935 140,712,007
Railway rolling stock 322,902 0 0 521 0 323,423
Aircraft hull 1,070,723 0 -408,684 -232,853 186,836 616,022
Ships hull 5,904,177 118,668 -758,812 -81,112 72,684 5,255,605
Goods in transit 6,986,472 250,195 -771,046 15,274 196,273 6,677,168
Fire and natural forces 129,164,520 1,068,949 -22,742,840 -1,530,347 468,147 106,428,429
Other damage to property 55,535,679 1,140,912 -9,957,364 -1,338,612 -1,079,031 44,301,584
Motor vehicle liability 137,553,034 0 -5,677,236 -5,737,781 -33,724 126,104,293
Aircraft liability 257,557 19,433 -171,445 -25,564 21,539 101,520
Liability for ships 853,969 0 -15,750 -31,418 -1,320 805,481
General liability 23,041,169 327,431 -2,538,114 169,783 -119,050 20,881,219
Credit 1,483,234 1,468 -148,782 584,400 5,247 1,925,567
Suretyship 381,150 0 0 -83,802 216 297,564
Miscellaneous financial loss 3,109,851 120,426 -1,320,239 -46,725 75,979 1,939,292
Legal expenses 703,853 5,887 -626,679 14,113 26,353 123,527
Assistance 24,906,233 0 -101,307 -2,341,914 -22,782 22,440,230
Life 65,916,319 172,152 -782,743 -195,661 45,503 65,155,570
Unit-linked life 109,918,167 138 -70,088 6,182 -57 109,854,342
Total non-life 594,816,461 3,311,053 -50,826,411 -21,758,211 824,905 526,367,797
Total life 175,834,486 172,290 -852,831 -189,479 45,446 175,009,912
Total 770,650,948 3,483,343 -51,679,242 -21,947,690 870,350 701,377,709

Sava Insurance Group Change in unearned
2021
EUR
Gross premiums written Premiums written for
assumed co-insurance
Reinsurers' and co
insurers' shares (-)
Change in gross unearned
premiums (+/-)
premiums, reinsurers' and
co-insurers' shares (+/-)
Net premiums earned
Personal accident 35,709,624 27,425 -301,692 -266,037 13,521 35,182,841
Health 10,798,019 96,768 -822,531 -1,056,811 -139,868 8,875,577
Land motor vehicles 135,424,115 574 -2,386,112 -4,308,575 183,709 128,913,711
Railway rolling stock 332,071 0 0 -25,996 0 306,075
Aircraft hull 701,003 0 -216,948 -36,274 -2,694 445,087
Ships hull 5,804,322 421,936 -857,137 2,481,580 -1,404,768 6,445,933
Goods in transit 5,953,089 702,980 -455,025 84,688 49,729 6,335,461
Fire and natural forces 118,041,887 1,138,387 -21,785,202 -629,133 440,963 97,206,902
Other damage to property 53,344,975 1,513,775 -8,473,915 1,115,392 291,361 47,791,588
Motor vehicle liability 127,700,576 0 -5,442,483 1,524,481 -307,547 123,475,027
Aircraft liability 328,817 17,589 -231,023 5,604 3,187 124,174
Liability for ships 681,110 0 -18,148 -7,930 993 656,025
General liability 23,426,473 319,980 -2,609,379 3,573,482 189,158 24,899,714
Credit 1,059,174 0 -14,301 1,420,609 -17,415 2,448,067
Suretyship 302,307 0 -19 88,175 0 390,463
Miscellaneous financial loss 2,484,600 143,828 -979,322 550,039 -1,485 2,197,660
Legal expenses 719,522 6,785 -610,052 13,268 -5,419 124,104
Assistance 19,449,450 0 -121,513 -1,015,466 16,228 18,328,699
Life 65,924,848 0 -711,095 -98,236 56,463 65,171,980
Unit-linked life 117,322,240 158 -80,056 13,014 -127 117,255,229
Total non-life 542,261,134 4,390,027 -45,324,802 3,511,096 -690,347 504,147,108
Total life 183,247,088 158 -791,151 -85,222 56,336 182,427,209
Total 725,508,223 4,390,185 -46,115,953 3,425,874 -634,012 686,574,317

Sava Re Change in unearned
2022
EUR
Gross premiums written Reinsurers' and co
insurers' shares (-)
Change in gross unearned
premiums (+/-)
premiums, reinsurers' and
co-insurers' shares (+/-)
Net premiums earned
Personal accident 5,760,218 -33,435 -72,467 -2,657 5,651,659
Health 45,274 0 -3,301 0 41,973
Land motor vehicles 25,870,954 -2,103,813 -1,056,769 597,939 23,308,311
Railway rolling stock 234,660 0 6,568 0 241,228
Aircraft hull 649,782 -408,684 -79,981 190,356 351,473
Ships hull 5,622,395 -753,579 -27,809 71,992 4,912,999
Goods in transit 4,868,055 -456,605 154,639 115,528 4,681,616
Fire and natural forces 103,038,238 -19,876,054 12,186 495,210 83,669,580
Other damage to property 25,011,736 -7,277,538 309,401 -250,316 17,793,284
Motor vehicle liability 16,074,659 -1,250,640 397,952 -32,118 15,189,853
Aircraft liability 319,741 -55,733 -113,768 25,958 176,198
Liability for ships 621,214 -15,750 -25,019 -1,320 579,125
General liability 7,932,462 -1,198,948 181,024 -90,923 6,823,615
Credit 598,192 0 99,084 0 697,276
Suretyship 220,857 0 -18,773 0 202,084
Miscellaneous financial loss 1,235,468 -1,035,293 41,414 84,650 326,240
Legal expenses 9,506 0 565 0 10,071
Assistance -4,456 9,870 40 -9,468 -4,014
Life 1,201,748 -461,807 -26,970 46,441 759,412
Unit-linked life 94,626 -30,861 4,621 0 68,386
Total non-life 198,108,955 -34,456,202 -195,012 1,194,831 164,652,572
Total life 1,296,374 -492,668 -22,349 46,441 827,798
Total 199,405,329 -34,948,870 -217,361 1,241,273 165,480,370

Sava Re Change in unearned
2021
EUR
Gross premiums written Reinsurers' and co
insurers' shares (-)
Change in gross unearned
premiums (+/-)
premiums, reinsurers' and
co-insurers' shares (+/-)
Net premiums earned
Personal accident 5,980,868 -39,237 3,503 925 5,946,059
Health 22,378 0 -66 0 22,311
Land motor vehicles 23,762,397 -812,717 -914,026 6,823 22,042,477
Railway rolling stock 252,822 0 -20,813 0 232,009
Aircraft hull 367,241 -925 -37,886 0 328,430
Ships hull 5,912,171 -855,705 2,181,865 -1,404,767 5,833,563
Goods in transit 4,579,050 -194,787 91,649 -3,941 4,471,970
Fire and natural forces 93,483,332 -19,217,991 -892,553 455,792 73,828,580
Other damage to property 26,349,830 -6,313,105 743,937 578,584 21,359,246
Motor vehicle liability 17,354,493 -1,372,589 477,386 -303,322 16,155,967
Aircraft liability 80,709 -1,164 54,751 -45,971 88,325
Liability for ships 471,681 -18,148 1,132 993 455,657
General liability 8,442,839 -1,469,748 2,455,494 163,212 9,591,797
Credit 749,498 0 248,010 0 997,509
Suretyship 228,722 0 78,251 0 306,972
Miscellaneous financial loss 936,827 -763,218 238,368 24,500 436,476
Legal expenses 9,301 0 -300 0 9,001
Assistance 43,673 -10,595 -630 6,993 39,441
Life 945,978 -383,196 -71,413 57,087 548,455
Unit-linked life 77,914 -34,994 -583 0 42,337
Total non-life 189,027,832 -31,069,928 4,708,071 -520,180 162,145,795
Total life 1,023,892 -418,190 -71,996 57,087 590,792
Total 190,051,724 -31,488,119 4,636,075 -463,093 162,736,587

17.8.30 Income and expenses relating to investments in subsidiaries and associates

In 2022, the Group generated income from profit distributions of associates of EUR 1,285,731 (2021: EUR 772,886). No impairment losses on goodwill were recognised in 2021 or 2022.

In 2022, the Company recognised EUR 51.9 million (2021: EUR 50.4 million) of dividend income and profit distributions. In 2022, an expense of EUR 1.2 million was recognised in respect of an impairment loss on the shares in Sava Osiguruvanje (MKD) (2021: no such expenses).

17.8.31 Investment income and expenses

Investment income by IFRS categories

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 2022 2021 2022 2021
Investment income 43,516,123 40,670,647 20,752,999 15,756,089
- of which exchange gains 15,743,417 11,029,108 14,742,062 9,560,306
- netting of exchange differences -14,511,213 -6,613,377 -13,168,400 -5,853,841
Investment income after netting 29,004,910 34,057,270 7,584,599 9,902,249
Investment expenses 28,384,144 12,323,463 17,976,275 9,093,642
- of which exchange losses 14,511,213 6,613,377 13,168,400 5,853,841
- netting of exchange differences -14,511,213 -6,613,377 -13,168,400 -5,853,841
Investment expenses after netting 13,872,931 5,710,086 4,807,876 3,239,801

Sava Insurance Group

Sava Insurance Group
EUR
2022 2021
Net unrealised gains on investments of life insurance policyholders who bear
the investment risk
70,872,774 87,404,487
- netting of unrealised gains and losses -70,872,774 -18,685,384
Net unrealised gains on investments of life insurance policyholders who bear
the investment risk after netting
0 68,719,103
Net unrealised losses on investments of life insurance policyholders who bear
the investment risk
131,554,909 18,685,384
- netting of unrealised gains and losses -70,872,774 -18,685,384
Net unrealised losses on investments of life insurance policyholders who bear
the investment risk after netting
60,682,135 0

Sava Insurance Group Interest income at Change in fair value Gains on disposal Income from
dividends and
Net unrealised gains on
investments of life insurance
2022 effective interest and gains on disposal of of other IFRS asset shares – other policyholders who bear the
EUR rate FVTPL assets categories investments Exchange gains Other income Total investment risk
Held to maturity 1,524,054 0 0 0 30,525 21 1,554,600 76,366
Debt instruments 1,524,054 0 0 0 30,525 21 1,554,600 76,366
At fair value through P/L 782,994 837,307 0 11,193 8,417 162,689 1,802,600 70,481,450
Designated to this category 782,994 837,307 0 11,193 8,417 162,689 1,802,600 70,481,450
Debt instruments 782,994 791,729 0 0 8,417 5 1,583,145 87,198
Equity instruments 0 45,578 0 11,193 0 0 56,771 70,394,252
Other investments 0 0 0 0 0 162,684 162,684 0
Available for sale 13,662,727 0 6,837,013 1,357,934 12,891,257 2,164,616 36,913,547 314,880
Debt instruments 13,662,727 0 166,235 0 12,888,897 5,243 26,723,102 314,880
Equity instruments 0 0 6,670,778 1,346,539 2,360 52,352 8,072,029 0
Investments in infrastructure funds 0 0 0 0 0 1,925,727 1,925,727 0
Investments in real-estate funds 0 0 0 11,395 0 181,294 192,689 0
Loans and receivables 404,694 0 0 0 2,813,218 1,496 3,219,408 78
Debt instruments 389,549 0 0 0 1,757 1,496 392,802 78
Other investments 15,145 0 0 0 2,811,461 0 2,826,606 0
Financial investments of reinsurers i.r.o. reinsurance contracts with cedants 25,968 0 0 0 0 0 25,968 0
Total 16,400,437 837,307 6,837,013 1,369,127 15,743,417 2,328,822 43,516,123 70,872,774

Detailed presentation of net unrealised gains on investments of life insurance policyholders who bear the investment risk

31 Dec 2022
436,710
70,143,376
125,599
5,032
162,056
70,872,774

Sava Insurance Group
2021
EUR
Interest income at
effective interest
rate
Change in fair value
and gains on disposal of
FVTPL assets
Gains on disposal
of other IFRS asset
categories
Income from
dividends and
shares – other
investments
Exchange gains Other income Total Net unrealised gains on
investments of life insurance
policyholders who bear the
investment risk
Held to maturity 1,474,192 0 0 0 13,061 0 1,487,253 122,935
Debt instruments 1,474,192 0 0 0 13,061 0 1,487,253 122,935
Other investments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
At FVTPL 820,970 1,304,909 0 40,803 7,624 1,209 2,175,515 86,701,636
Designated to this category 820,970 1,304,909 0 40,803 7,624 1,209 2,175,515 86,701,636
Debt instruments 820,970 895,091 0 0 7,624 1,202 1,724,887 97,167
Equity instruments 0 409,818 0 40,803 0 7 450,628 86,604,469
Available for sale 14,083,029 0 7,783,807 1,806,799 8,335,560 1,860,777 33,869,972 575,754
Debt instruments 14,083,029 0 1,129,392 0 8,335,560 89,894 23,637,875 574,902
Equity instruments 0 0 6,654,415 1,783,670 0 14,286 8,452,371 852
Investments in infrastructure funds 0 0 0 0 0 1,429,893 1,429,893 0
Investments in real-estate funds 0 0 0 23,129 0 326,704 349,833 0
Loans and receivables 440,487 0 0 0 2,672,863 486 3,113,836 4,162
Debt instruments 423,132 0 0 0 3,774 486 427,392 4,162
Other investments 17,355 0 0 0 2,669,089 0 2,686,444 0
Financial investments of reinsurers i.r.o. reinsurance contracts with cedants 24,071 0 0 0 0 0 24,071 0
Total 16,842,749 1,304,909 7,783,807 1,847,602 11,029,108 1,862,472 40,670,647 87,404,487

Detailed presentation of net unrealised gains on investments of life insurance policyholders who bear the investment risk

EUR 31 Dec 2021
Interest income 544,847
Change in fair value of FVTPL assets 86,243,291
Gains on disposal of FVTPL assets 275,503
Gains on disposal of other IFRS asset categories 203,036
Income from dividends and shares – other investments 4,914
Exchange gains 132,896
Total 87,404,487

Sava Re
2022
EUR
Interest income at
effective interest rate
Change in fair value
and gains on disposal of
FVTPL assets
Gains on disposal
of other IFRS asset
categories
Income from dividends
and shares – other
investments
Exchange gains Other income Total
Held to maturity 134,215 0 0 0 0 0 134,215
Debt instruments 134,215 0 0 0 0 0 134,215
At fair value through P/L 291,402 308,682 0 6,013 0 0 606,097
Designated to this category 291,402 308,682 0 6,013 0 0 606,097
Debt instruments 291,402 276,642 0 0 0 0 568,044
Equity instruments 0 32,040 0 6,013 0 0 38,053
Available for sale 2,435,823 0 1,582,420 452,062 12,151,306 656,876 17,278,487
Debt instruments 2,435,823 0 15,944 0 12,148,947 3,293 14,604,006
Equity instruments 0 0 1,566,476 452,062 2,360 0 2,020,898
Investments in infrastructure funds 0 0 0 0 0 602,302 602,302
Investments in real-estate funds 0 0 0 0 0 51,281 51,281
Loans and receivables 117,477 0 0 0 2,590,755 0 2,708,232
Debt instruments 117,465 0 0 0 0 0 117,465
Other investments 12 0 0 0 2,590,755 0 2,590,767
Financial investments of reinsurers i.r.o. reinsurance contracts with cedants 25,968 0 0 0 0 0 25,968
Total 3,004,885 308,682 1,582,420 458,074 14,742,062 656,876 20,752,999

Sava Re
2021
EUR
Interest income at
effective interest rate
Change in fair value
and gains on disposal of
FVTPL assets
Gains on disposal
of other IFRS asset
categories
Income from dividends
and shares – other
investments
Exchange gains Other income Total
Held to maturity 144,881 0 0 0 0 0 144,881
Debt instruments 144,881 0 0 0 0 0 144,881
At FVTPL 300,227 482,779 0 35,615 0 0 818,622
Designated to this category 300,227 482,779 0 35,615 0 0 818,622
Debt instruments 300,227 292,179 0 0 0 0 592,406
Equity instruments 0 190,600 0 35,615 0 0 226,215
Available for sale 1,994,241 0 1,927,703 482,983 7,305,907 696,975 12,407,808
Debt instruments 1,994,241 0 362,170 7,305,907 89,683 9,752,000
Equity instruments 0 0 1,565,533 482,983 0 0 2,048,516
Investments in infrastructure funds 0 0 0 0 0 506,705 506,705
Investments in real-estate funds 0 0 0 0 0 100,588 100,588
Loans and receivables 106,308 0 0 0 2,254,400 0 2,360,707
Debt instruments 106,306 0 0 0 0 0 106,306
Other investments 2 0 0 0 2,254,400 0 2,254,402
Financial investments of reinsurers i.r.o. reinsurance contracts with cedants 24,071 0 0 0 0 0 24,071
Total 2,569,728 482,779 1,927,703 518,598 9,560,306 696,975 15,756,089

Investment expenses by IFRS categories

Sava Insurance Group Net unrealised losses
on investments of life
2022 Change in fair value
and losses on disposal
Losses on disposal
of other IFRS asset
Impairment losses on insurance policyholders
who bear the
EUR Interest expenses of FVTPL assets categories investments Exchange losses Other Total investment risk
Held to maturity 0 0 0 0 40,142 2,353,628 2,393,770 0
Debt instruments 0 0 0 0 40,142 2,353,628 2,393,770 0
At FVTPL 0 6,356,607 0 0 6,542 225 6,363,374 131,511,217
Designated to this category 0 6,356,607 0 0 6,542 225 6,363,374 131,511,217
Debt instruments 0 5,647,871 0 0 6,542 0 5,654,413 221,550
Equity instruments 0 708,736 0 0 0 225 708,961 131,289,667
Available for sale 0 0 1,247,767 532,232 11,217,047 158,935 13,155,981 21,773
Debt instruments 0 0 1,058,636 0 11,217,047 41,284 12,316,967 21,773
Equity instruments 0 0 189,131 532,232 0 117,651 839,014 0
Loans and receivables 346,845 0 0 0 3,247,482 3,360 3,597,687 21,919
Debt instruments 152,930 0 0 0 8,074 3,360 164,364 21,919
Other investments 193,915 0 0 0 3,239,408 0 3,433,323 0
Subordinated liabilities 2,873,332 0 0 0 0 0 2,873,332 0
Total 3,220,177 6,356,607 1,247,767 532,232 14,511,213 2,516,148 28,384,144 131,554,909

Detailed presentation of net realised and unrealised losses on investments of life insurance policyholders who bear the investment risk

EUR 31 Dec 2022
Interest expenses 21,919
Change in fair value of FVTPL assets 131,164,371
Losses on disposals of FVTPL assets 248,147
Losses on disposal of other IFRS asset categories 21,773
Exchange losses 97,045
Other 1,655
Total 131,554,909

C
1
œ
Sava Insurance Group Net unrealised losses
on investments of life
2021 Change in fair value
and losses on disposal
Losses on disposal
of other IFRS asset
Impairment losses on insurance policyholders
who bear the
EUR Interest expenses of FVTPL assets categories investments Exchange losses Other Total investment risk
Held to maturity 0 0 0 0 16,024 873,817 889,841 0
Debt instruments 0 0 0 0 16,024 873,817 889,841 0
At FVTPL 0 918,280 0 0 9,373 123,077 1,050,730 18,663,405
Designated to this category 0 918,280 0 0 9,373 123,077 1,050,730 18,663,405
Debt instruments 0 837,059 0 0 9,373 889 847,321 32,405
Equity instruments 0 81,221 0 0 0 1,306 82,527 18,631,000
Other investments 0 0 0 0 0 120,882 120,882 0
Available for sale 0 0 326,305 161,960 4,408,229 172,397 5,068,891 13,002
Debt instruments 0 0 54,757 0 4,407,982 37,895 4,500,634 6,159
Equity instruments 0 0 271,548 161,960 247 134,502 568,257 6,843
Loans and receivables 257,886 0 0 0 2,179,751 5,314 2,442,951 8,977
Debt instruments 78,183 0 0 0 2,651 5,314 86,148 8,977
Other investments 179,703 0 0 0 2,177,100 0 2,356,803 0
Subordinated liabilities 2,871,050 0 0 0 0 0 2,871,050 0
Total 3,128,936 918,280 326,305 161,960 6,613,377 1,174,605 12,323,463 18,685,384

Detailed presentation of net realised and unrealised losses on investments of life insurance policyholders who bear the investment risk

EUR 31 Dec 2021
Interest expenses 8,977
Change in fair value of FVTPL assets 18,571,908
Losses on disposals of FVTPL assets 42,544
Losses on disposal of other IFRS asset categories 8,271
Impairment losses on investments 4,731
Exchange losses 48,850
Other 102
Total 18,685,384

Sava Re
2022
EUR
Interest expenses Change in fair value
and losses on disposal
of FVTPL assets
Losses on disposal
of other IFRS asset
categories
Impairment losses on
investments
Exchange losses Other Total
At FVTPL 0 1,693,931 0 0 0 0 1,693,931
Designated to this category 0 1,693,931 0 0 0 0 1,693,931
Debt instruments 0 1,634,123 0 0 0 0 1,634,123
Equity instruments 0 59,808 0 0 0 0 59,808
Available for sale 0 0 204,775 0 10,167,027 2,115 10,373,916
Debt instruments 0 0 204,775 0 10,167,027 2,115 10,373,916
Loans and receivables 33,724 0 0 0 3,001,373 0 3,035,097
Debt instruments 31,738 0 0 0 0 0 31,738
Other investments 1,985 0 0 0 3,001,373 0 3,003,359
Subordinated liabilities 2,873,332 0 0 0 0 0 2,873,332
Total 2,907,055 1,693,931 204,775 0 13,168,400 2,115 17,976,275
Sava Re
2021
EUR
Interest expenses Change in fair value
and losses on disposal
of FVTPL assets
Losses on disposal
of other IFRS asset
categories
Exchange losses Other Total
At FVTPL 0 311,243 0 0 1,306 312,549
Designated to this category 0 311,243 0 0 1,306 312,549
Debt instruments 0 270,529 0 0 0 270,529
Equity instruments 0 40,713 0 0 1,306 42,020
Available for sale 0 0 28,537 3,856,876 0 3,885,413
Debt instruments 0 0 28,537 3,856,876 0 3,885,413
Loans and receivables 27,665 0 0 1,996,965 0 2,024,630
Debt instruments 27,561 0 0 0 0 27,561
Other investments 104 0 0 1,996,965 0 1,997,069
Subordinated liabilities 2,871,050 0 0 0 0 2,871,050
Total 2,898,715 311,243 28,537 5,853,841 1,306 9,093,642

Net investment income

Sava Insurance Group
2022
EUR
Interest income/
expenses
Change in fair value and
gains/losses on disposal of
FVTPL assets
Gains/losses on
disposal of other IFRS
asset categories
Income from dividends
and shares – other
investments
Impairment
losses on
investments
Foreign
exchange gains/
losses
Other income/
expenses
Total Net unrealised gains/losses
on investments of life
insurance policyholders who
bear the investment risk
Held to maturity 1,524,054 0 0 0 0 -9,617 -2,353,607 -839,170 76,366
Debt instruments 1,524,054 0 0 0 0 -9,617 -2,353,607 -839,170 76,366
At fair value through P/L 782,994 -5,519,300 0 11,193 0 1,875 162,464 -4,560,774 -61,029,767
Designated to this category 782,994 -5,519,300 0 11,193 0 1,875 162,464 -4,560,774 -61,029,767
Debt instruments 782,994 -4,856,142 0 0 0 1,875 5 -4,071,268 -134,352
Equity instruments 0 -663,158 0 11,193 0 0 -225 -652,190 -60,895,415
Other investments 0 0 0 0 0 0 162,684 162,684 0
Available for sale 13,662,727 0 5,589,246 1,357,934 -532,232 1,674,210 2,005,681 23,757,566 293,107
Debt instruments 13,662,727 0 -892,401 0 0 1,671,850 -36,041 14,406,135 293,107
Equity instruments 0 0 6,481,647 1,346,539 -532,232 2,360 -65,299 7,233,015 0
Investments in infrastructure funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,925,727 1,925,727 0
Investments in real-estate funds 0 0 0 11,395 0 0 181,294 192,689 0
Loans and receivables 57,849 0 0 0 0 -434,264 -1,864 -378,279 -21,841
Debt instruments 236,619 0 0 0 0 -6,317 -1,864 228,438 -21,841
Other investments -178,770 0 0 0 0 -427,947 0 -606,717 0
Deposits with cedants 25,968 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,968 0
Subordinated liabilities -2,873,332 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2,873,332 0
Total 13,180,260 -5,519,300 5,589,246 1,369,127 -532,232 1,232,204 -187,326 15,131,979 -60,682,135

Detailed presentation of net unrealised gains/losses on investments of life insurance policyholders who bear the investment risk

EUR 31 Dec 2022
Interest income/expenses 414,791
Change in fair value of FVTPL assets -61,020,995
Gains/losses on disposal of FVTPL assets -122,548
Gains/losses on disposal of other IFRS asset categories -21,773
Dividend income 5,032
FX gains/losses 65,011
Other -1,655
Total -60,682,136

Sava Insurance Group
2021
EUR
Interest income/
expenses
Change in fair value and
gains/losses on disposal of
FVTPL assets
Gains/losses on
disposal of other IFRS
asset categories
Income from
dividends and
shares – other
investments
Impairment
losses on
investments
Foreign
exchange gains/
losses
Other income/
expenses
Total Net unrealised gains/losses
on vestmentts of life
insurance policyholders who
bear the investment risk
Held to maturity 1,474,192 0 0 0 0 -2,963 -873,817 597,412 122,935
Debt instruments 1,474,192 0 0 0 0 -2,963 -873,817 597,412 122,935
At FVTPL 820,970 386,629 0 40,803 0 -1,749 -121,868 1,124,785 68,038,231
Designated to this category 820,970 386,629 0 40,803 0 -1,749 -121,868 1,124,785 68,038,231
Debt instruments 820,970 58,032 0 0 0 -1,749 313 877,566 64,762
Equity instruments 0 328,597 0 40,803 0 0 -1,299 368,101 67,973,469
Other investments 0 0 0 0 0 0 -120,882 -120,882 0
Available for sale 14,083,029 0 7,457,502 1,806,799 -161,960 3,927,331 1,688,380 28,801,081 562,752
Debt instruments 14,083,029 0 1,074,635 0 0 3,927,578 51,999 19,137,241 568,743
Equity instruments 0 0 6,382,867 1,783,670 -161,960 -247 -120,216 7,884,114 -5,991
Investments in infrastructure funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,429,893 1,429,893 0
Investments in real-estate funds 0 0 0 23,129 0 0 326,704 349,833 0
Loans and receivables 182,601 0 0 0 0 493,112 -4,828 670,885 -4,815
Debt instruments 344,949 0 0 0 0 1,123 -4,828 341,244 -4,815
Other investments -162,348 0 0 0 0 491,989 0 329,641 0
Deposits with cedants 24,071 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,071 0
Subordinated liabilities -2,871,050 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2,871,050 0
Total 13,713,813 386,629 7,457,502 1,847,602 -161,960 4,415,731 687,867 28,347,184 68,719,103

Detailed presentation of net unrealised gains/losses on investments of life insurance policyholders who bear the investment risk

EUR 31 Dec 2021
Interest income/expenses 535,870
Change in fair value of FVTPL assets 67,671,383
Gains/losses on disposal of FVTPL assets 232,958
Gains/losses on disposal of other IFRS asset categories 194,765
Dividend income 4,914
Impairment losses on investments -4,731
FX gains/losses 84,045
Other investment income/expenses -102
Total 68,719,103

Net unrealised gains and losses on investments of life policyholders that bear investment risk include all gains and losses on financial instruments that are shown in the balance sheet as assets of policyholders who bear investment risk. These assets include:

  • the investments of policyholders relating to the liabilities of unit-linked life business where policyholders fully bear the full investment risk. This part of the investment portfolio is invested in mutual funds selected by policyholders (matching of assets and liabilities). Here the mathematical provisions are also revalued in line with the revaluation of the mutual fund investments based on market rates, with these income and expenses having no impact on the profit or loss. In 2022, the Group generated negative net investment income of EUR 61.0 million from the change in fair value of investments in mutual funds selected by policyholders classified as FVTPL (31 December 2021: positive net investment income of EUR 67.7 million);
  • investments supporting the liabilities of unit-linked life business for which the insurer provides guaranteed unit values. Income and expenses from these types of investments are treated as other non-life and life insurance investments. Interest income accounts for the largest share of the net investment income of these investments (31 December 2022: EUR 0.4 million; 31 December 2021: EUR 0.5 million).
Sava Re
2022
EUR
Sava Re Change in fair value Gains/losses Income from
2022 Interest income/ and gains/losses on
disposal of FVTPL
on disposal of
other IFRS asset
dividends and
shares – other
Foreign exchange Other income/
EUR expenses assets categories investments gains/losses expenses Total
Held to maturity 134,215 0 0 0 0 0 134,215
Debt instruments 134,215 0 0 0 0 0 134,215
At fair value through P/L 291,402 -1,385,249 0 6,013 0 0 -1,087,834
Designated to this category 291,402 -1,385,249 0 6,013 0 0 -1,087,834
Debt instruments 291,402 -1,357,481 0 0 0 0 -1,066,079
Equity instruments 0 -27,768 0 6,013 0 0 -21,755
Available for sale 2,435,823 0 1,377,645 452,062 1,984,280 654,761 6,904,571
Debt instruments 2,435,823 0 -188,832 0 1,981,920 1,178 4,230,090
Equity instruments 0 0 1,566,476 452,062 2,360 0 2,020,898
Investments in infrastructure funds 0 0 0 0 0 602,302 602,302
Investments in real-estate funds 0 0 0 0 0 51,281 51,281
Loans and receivables 83,753 0 0 0 -410,618 0 -326,865
Debt instruments 85,727 0 0 0 0 0 85,727
Other investments -1,973 0 0 0 -410,618 0 -412,591
Deposits with cedants 25,968 0 0 0 0 0 25,968
Subordinated liabilities -2,873,332 0 0 0 0 0 -2,873,332
Total 97,830 -1,385,249 1,377,645 458,074 1,573,662 654,761 2,776,723

Sava Re Change in fair Gains/losses Income from
2021 Interest income/ value and gains/
losses on disposal
on disposal of
other IFRS asset
dividends and
shares – other
Impairment
losses on
Foreign
exchange gains/
Other income/
EUR expenses of FVTPL assets categories investments investments losses expenses Total
Held to maturity 144,881 0 0 0 0 0 0 144,881
Debt instruments 144,881 0 0 0 0 0 0 144,881
At FVTPL 300,227 171,537 0 35,615 0 0 -1,306 506,073
Designated to this category 300,227 171,537 0 35,615 0 0 -1,306 506,073
Debt instruments 300,227 21,650 0 0 0 0 0 321,877
Equity instruments 0 149,887 0 35,615 0 0 -1,306 184,196
Available for sale 1,994,241 0 1,899,166 482,983 0 3,449,031 696,975 8,522,396
Debt instruments 1,994,241 0 333,633 0 0 3,449,031 89,683 5,866,587
Equity instruments 0 0 1,565,533 482,983 0 0 0 2,048,516
Investments in infrastructure funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 506,705 506,705
Investments in real-estate funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 100,588 100,588
Loans and receivables 78,643 0 0 0 0 257,435 0 336,077
Debt instruments 78,745 0 0 0 0 0 0 78,745
Other investments -102 0 0 0 0 257,435 0 257,332
Deposits with cedants 24,071 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,071
Subordinated liabilities -2,871,050 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2,871,050
Total -328,987 171,537 1,899,166 518,598 0 3,706,465 695,669 6,662,448

Net investment income of the Group totalled EUR 15.1 million in 2022 (2021: EUR 28.3 million). The main factor contributing to the lower return compared to the previous year was the net negative change in fair value on disposals of assets designated at fair value through profit or loss. Net exchange gains in 2022 totalled EUR 1.2 million (2021: net exchange gains of EUR 4.4 million).

Net investment income of the Company totalled EUR 2.8 million in 2022 (2021: EUR 6.6 million). The main factor contributing to the lower return compared to the previous year was the net negative change in fair value of assets designated at fair value through profit or loss. Net exchange gains in 2022 totalled EUR 1.6 million (2021: net exchange gains of EUR 3.7 million).

Investment income and expenses by source of funds

The Group records investment income and expenses separately by source of funds, i.e. separately for own fund assets, non-life insurance register assets and life insurance register assets. Own fund investments support the Group's shareholder funds; non-life insurance register assets support technical provisions relating to non-life business, whereas life insurance register assets support technical provisions relating to life insurance business.

Investment income – non-life insurance business

Liability fund

EUR

Capital fund

EUR

Liability fund Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 2022 2021 2022 2021
Interest income 5,935,089 5,855,949 2,633,323 2,372,965
Change in fair value and gains on disposal of FVTPL
assets
490,861 782,831 220,742 477,109
Gains on disposal of other IFRS asset categories 1,887,630 1,132,538 588,416 841,172
Income from dividends and shares – other
investments
624,514 572,336 442,578 389,128
Exchange gains 12,813,528 10,787,708 12,151,306 9,558,741
Other income 2,113,526 1,849,291 656,876 696,975
Total investment income – liability fund 23,865,148 20,980,653 16,693,241 14,336,090
Capital fund Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 2022 2021 2022 2021
Interest income 544,547 176,397 371,563 196,763
Change in fair value and gains on disposal of FVTPL
assets
175,883 55,510 87,940 5,670
Gains on disposal of other IFRS asset categories 1,155,598 1,094,072 994,004 1,086,531
Income from dividends and shares – other
investments
15,497 129,470 15,497 129,470
Exchange gains 2,590,772 1,590 2,590,755 1,566
Other income 1,496 486 0 0
Total investment income – capital fund 4,483,793 1,457,525 4,059,758 1,420,000
Total investment income – non-life business 28,348,941 22,438,178 20,752,999 15,756,090

Investment income – life insurance business

Expenses for financial assets and liabilities – non-life business

Sava Insurance Group Long-term business fund Liability fund Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 2022 2021 EUR 2022 2021 2022 2021
Interest income 8,955,514 10,027,592 Interest expenses 192,626 174,839 5,012 13,516
Change in fair value and gains on disposal of FVTPL assets 158,999 306,125 Change in fair value and losses on disposal of FVTPL 2,958,361 515,694 1,389,809 264,656
Gains on disposal of other IFRS asset categories 3,389,283 5,495,694 assets
Income from dividends and shares – other investments 727,514 1,145,240 Losses on disposal of other IFRS asset categories 355,965 62,475 204,775 28,537
Exchange gains 289,550 216,370 Impairment losses on investments 0 13,246 0 0
Other income 49,263 2,939 Exchange losses 11,171,016 6,360,238 10,167,027 5,853,002
Total investment income – liability fund 13,570,123 17,193,960 Other 11,153 12,618 0 1,306
Capital fund Total investment expenses – liability fund 14,689,121 7,139,110 11,766,623 6,161,017
2022 2021 Capital fund Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
Interest income 965,287 782,811 EUR 2022 2021 2022 2021
Change in fair value and gains on disposal of FVTPL assets 11,564 160,443 Interest expenses 2,978,262 2,944,574 2,902,043 2,885,199
Gains on disposal of other IFRS asset categories 404,502 61,503 Change in fair value and losses on disposal of FVTPL
assets
1,115,427 103,567 304,122 46,588
Income from dividends and shares – other investments 1,602 556 Losses on disposal of other IFRS asset categories 44,795 2,866 0 0
Exchange gains 49,567 23,440 Impairment losses on investments 0 0 0 0
Other income 164,537 9,756 Exchange losses 3,001,419 860 3,001,373 839
Total investment income – capital fund 1,597,059 1,038,509 Other 2,115 0 2,116 0
Total investment income – life business 15,167,182 18,232,469 Total investment expenses – capital fund 7,142,018 3,051,867 6,209,653 2,932,626
Total investment expenses – non-life business 21,831,139 10,190,977 17,976,276 9,093,643

375

Expenses for financial assets and liabilities – life business

Sava Insurance Group Long-term business fund Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 2022 2021 EUR 2022 2021 2022 2021
Interest expenses 24,957 1,249 Non-life insurance 6,517,802 12,247,201 2,776,723 6,662,447
Change in fair value and losses on disposal of FVTPL assets 1,170,080 240,175 Life insurance 8,614,177 16,099,983 0 0
Losses on disposal of other IFRS asset categories 836,031 256,761 Total 15,131,979 28,347,184 2,776,723 6,662,447
Impairment losses on investments 532,232 135,430
Exchange losses 245,407 224,810 Sava Insurance Group Long-term business fund
Other 2,499,233 1,039,449 EUR 2022 2021
Total investment expenses – liability fund 5,307,940 1,897,874 Net unrealised gains on investments of life insurance policyholders who bear
the investment risk
Capital fund
70,872,774 87,404,487
2022 2021 Long-term business fund
Interest expenses 24,332 8,274 2022 2021
Change in fair value and losses on disposal of FVTPL assets 1,112,739 58,844 Net unrealised losses on investments of life insurance policyholders who bear 131,554,909 18,685,384
Losses on disposal of other IFRS asset categories 10,976 4,203 the investment risk
Impairment losses on investments 0 13,284 EUR -60,682,135 68,719,103
Exchange losses 93,371 27,469
Other 3,647 122,538 Impairment losses on investments
Total investment expenses – capital fund 1,245,065 234,612 In 2022, the Group recognised impairment losses of EUR 0.5 million on its financial investments (2021: EUR 0.1 mil
lion).
Total investment expenses – life business 6,553,005 2,132,486

Net investment income from non-life and life business

17.8.32 Other technical income and expenses and other income/revenue and expenses

Other technical income

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 2022 2021 2022 2021 EUR 2022 2021 2022 2021
Other technical income 33,215,233 31,711,898 16,576,788 17,815,266 Personal accident 40,928 40,497 7,480 11,119
- of which exchange gains 11,433,712 12,791,501 10,892,780 12,429,630 Land motor vehicles 676,554 375,737 94,100 0
- netting of exchange differences -11,433,712 -12,609,928 -10,892,780 -11,990,547 Aircraft hull -2 0 -2 0
Other technical income after netting 21,781,521 19,101,970 5,684,008 5,824,719 Ships hull 3,715 38,469 3,881 38,468
Other technical expenses 28,966,489 26,947,444 12,299,153 12,455,141 Goods in transit 44,321 30,492 11,664 0
- of which exchange losses 12,263,980 12,609,928 11,875,497 11,990,547 Fire and natural forces 3,746,305 3,659,389 3,170,278 3,151,058
- netting of exchange differences -11,433,712 -12,609,928 -10,892,780 -11,990,547 Other damage to property 1,937,436 1,865,642 1,583,820 1,517,560
Other technical expenses after netting 17,532,777 14,337,516 1,406,373 464,594 Motor vehicle liability 2,276,895 2,155,931 0 0
Aircraft liability 14,120 6,330 3,353 0
Sava Insurance Group Sava Re Liability for ships -275
0
0 0
EUR 2022 2021 2022 2021 General liability 311,220 255,238 140,611 86,537
Reinsurance commission income 9,749,076 8,640,223 5,230,850 4,870,965 Credit 17,193 1,430 0 0
Revenue from other insurance business 3,214,154 2,683,132 0 0 Miscellaneous financial loss 213,889 118,760 163,967 53,639
Other technical income 12,963,230 11,323,355 5,230,850 4,870,965 Legal expenses 294,736 -4,525 0 0
Income on the realisation of impaired receivables 3,133,978 2,279,958 24,015 71,722 Assistance 30,977 -9,920 -100 9,442
Exchange gains 11,433,712 12,791,501 10,892,780 12,429,630 Life 114,202 106,753 29,479 3,140
Revenue from exit charges and management fees 4,486,359 4,068,263 0 0 Unit-linked life 26,862 0 22,319 0
Revenue from other services 1,197,954 1,248,821 429,143 442,948 Total non-life 9,608,012 8,533,470 5,179,052 4,867,825
Other income 20,252,003 20,388,543 11,345,938 12,944,301 Total life 141,064 106,753 51,798 3,140
Total 9,749,076 8,640,223 5,230,850 4,870,965
Sava Insurance Group Sava Re Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 2022 2021 2022 2021 EUR 2022 2021 2022 2021
Other technical income 33,215,233 31,711,898 16,576,788 17,815,266 Personal accident 40,928 40,497 7,480 11,119
- of which exchange gains 11,433,712 12,791,501 10,892,780 12,429,630 Land motor vehicles 676,554 375,737 94,100
- netting of exchange differences -11,433,712 -12,609,928 -10,892,780 -11,990,547 Aircraft hull -2 0 -2
Other technical income after netting 21,781,521 19,101,970 5,684,008 5,824,719 Ships hull 3,715 38,469 3,881 38,468
Other technical expenses 28,966,489 26,947,444 12,299,153 12,455,141 Goods in transit 44,321 30,492 11,664
- of which exchange losses 12,263,980 12,609,928 11,875,497 11,990,547 Fire and natural forces 3,746,305 3,659,389 3,170,278 3,151,058
- netting of exchange differences -11,433,712 -12,609,928 -10,892,780 -11,990,547 Other damage to property 1,937,436 1,865,642 1,583,820 1,517,560
Other technical expenses after netting 17,532,777 14,337,516 1,406,373 464,594 Motor vehicle liability 2,276,895 2,155,931 0
Aircraft liability 14,120 6,330 3,353
Sava Insurance Group Sava Re Liability for ships -275 0 0
EUR 2022 2021 2022 2021 General liability 311,220 255,238 140,611 86,537
Reinsurance commission income 9,749,076 8,640,223 5,230,850 4,870,965 Credit 17,193 1,430 0
Revenue from other insurance business 3,214,154 2,683,132 0 0 Miscellaneous financial loss 213,889 118,760 163,967 53,639
Other technical income 12,963,230 11,323,355 5,230,850 4,870,965 Legal expenses 294,736 -4,525 0
Income on the realisation of impaired receivables 3,133,978 2,279,958 24,015 71,722 Assistance 30,977 -9,920 -100 9,442
Exchange gains 11,433,712 12,791,501 10,892,780 12,429,630 Life 114,202 106,753 29,479 3,140
Revenue from exit charges and management fees 4,486,359 4,068,263 0 0 Unit-linked life 26,862 0 22,319
Revenue from other services 1,197,954 1,248,821 429,143 442,948 Total non-life 9,608,012 8,533,470 5,179,052 4,867,825
Other income 20,252,003 20,388,543 11,345,938 12,944,301 Total life 141,064 106,753 51,798 3,140
Total 33,215,233 31,711,898 16,576,788 17,815,266 Total 9,749,076 8,640,223 5,230,850 4,870,965

Reinsurance commission income

Other technical expenses

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 2022 2021 2022 2021
Expenses for loss prevention activities and fire brigade
charge
4,368,179 4,159,100 6 12
Contribution for covering claims of uninsured and
unidentified vehicles and vessels
1,907,638 1,056,921 0 0
Regulator fees 2,437,707 2,229,326 275,575 277,941
Exchange losses 12,263,980 12,609,928 11,875,497 11,990,547
Operating expenses from revaluation 3,445,960 2,598,484 148,075 164,736
Other expenses 4,543,025 4,293,685 0 21,904
Total 28,966,489 26,947,444 12,299,153 12,455,141

Income from other services comprises gains on the disposal of items of property, plant and equipment, extraordinary interest income and income from the use of holiday facilities.

Other technical expenses include foreign exchange losses based on the gross principle, whereas in the financial statements they are included based on the net principle.

Other expenses

Other expenses of EUR 2.3 million (2021: EUR 2.5 million) include allowances for and impairment losses on other receivables, indirect business expenses relating to investment property, expenses arising out of impaired items of property, plant and equipment for own use, and other extraordinary expenses.

Other income

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 2022 2021 2022 2021
Income on the realisation of impaired receivables 110,599 263,923 5,353 0
Lease payments received from investment properties 1,366,029 1,348,174 829,030 784,325
Revenue from exit charges and management fees 17,978,588 16,980,563 0 0
Penalties and damages received 591,117 609,512 580 0
Income from disposal of investment property 150,571 193,517 0 0
Revenue from other services 10,285,870 7,642,075 160,400 49,763
Total 30,482,774 27,037,764 995,363 834,088

17.8.33 Net claims incurred

Net claims incurred

Sava Insurance Group Gross amounts Change in the reinsurers'
2022
EUR
Claims Recourse receivables Reinsurers' share of
claims (-)
Co-insurers' share of
claims (-)
Change in the gross claims
provision (+/-)
and co-insurers' share of
the claims provision (+/–)
Net claims incurred
Personal accident 12,420,067 -115 -138,695 8,029 -6,655,703 33,074 5,666,657
Health 5,825,900 -412 -113,385 113,585 502,833 -166,707 6,161,814
Land motor vehicles 95,363,244 -2,332,173 -2,898,679 0 2,997,677 -2,002,421 91,127,648
Railway rolling stock 71,994 0 0 0 -9,857 0 62,137
Aircraft hull 207,924 0 -2,430 0 368,888 398 574,780
Ships hull 3,329,623 0 -1,530,557 2,196,430 -2,140,109 1,607,333 3,462,720
Goods in transit 1,621,526 446 -5,160 231,104 327,768 -2,099 2,173,585
Fire and natural forces 94,136,399 -152,237 -27,636,707 940,886 18,780,360 -2,312,523 83,756,178
Other damage to property 24,487,495 -140,004 -1,716,723 505,167 -741,864 -689,434 21,704,637
Motor vehicle liability 82,568,818 -3,898,118 -2,692,047 0 4,572,380 -849,018 79,702,015
Aircraft liability 24,748 0 -8,514 668 -29,430 7,000 -5,528
Liability for ships 333,497 0 0 0 61,572 0 395,069
General liability 6,229,981 -16,717 -102,242 107,166 -3,724,240 -654,566 1,839,382
Credit 1,156,690 -1,692,801 -326,715 0 -59,876 -12,377 -935,079
Suretyship 368,614 0 -18,550 0 -129,883 26,951 247,132
Miscellaneous financial loss 2,751,699 0 -1,194,724 29,779 -6,580,938 -529,189 -5,523,373
Legal expenses 8,155 0 -3,828 898 -10,187 4,149 -813
Assistance 12,776,179 -1,788 -29,958 0 1,043,495 -3,028 13,784,900
Life 48,367,000 0 -202,596 0 -1,588,125 -108,514 46,467,765
Unit-linked life 69,536,200 0 -14,685 0 -462,469 -4,489 69,054,557
Total non-life 343,682,553 -8,233,919 -38,418,914 4,133,712 8,572,886 -5,542,457 304,193,861
Total life 117,903,200 0 -217,281 0 -2,050,594 -113,003 115,522,322
Total 461,585,753 -8,233,919 -38,636,195 4,133,712 6,522,292 -5,655,460 419,716,183

Sava Insurance Group
2021
Gross amounts Reinsurers' share of Co-insurers' share of Change in the gross claims Change in the reinsurers'
and co-insurers' share of
EUR Claims Subrogation recoveries claims (-) claims (-) provision (+/-) the claims provision (+/–) Net claims incurred
Personal accident 12,250,510 -445 -144,589 2,550 -3,378,091 260,729 8,990,664
Health 4,611,703 -26,379 0 16,310 -165,245 301,414 4,737,803
Land motor vehicles 77,248,317 -2,032,295 -1,110,184 0 2,693,517 -198,446 76,600,909
Railway rolling stock 44,315 0 0 0 25,226 0 69,541
Aircraft hull 548,773 0 -175,831 0 -37,341 110,817 446,418
Ships hull 5,212,411 0 -2,399,848 3,143,850 3,717,588 -557,506 9,116,495
Goods in transit 2,350,955 0 -750 270,963 1,299,819 9,918 3,930,905
Fire and natural forces 63,591,605 -405,266 -4,688,972 88,389 28,120,804 -20,202,033 66,504,527
Other damage to property 22,243,367 -31,324 -2,470,545 91,131 -1,907,723 1,180,181 19,105,087
Motor vehicle liability 78,589,934 -3,348,868 -3,324,270 0 -12,537,085 1,159,432 60,539,143
Aircraft liability 25,252 0 -9,116 0 52,402 -6,995 61,543
Liability for ships 402,768 0 0 0 -99,741 0 303,027
General liability 7,275,496 -28,634 -125,001 64,231 8,324,777 1,041,420 16,552,289
Credit 1,449,310 -1,878,419 0 0 -474,815 0 -903,924
Suretyship 103,119 -4,188 -5,304 0 251,735 -531 344,831
Miscellaneous financial loss 4,626,900 0 -1,672,172 0 6,408,057 993,816 10,356,601
Legal expenses 14,238 0 -5,642 727 -15,706 3,610 -2,773
Assistance 9,884,290 -11,436 -27,889 0 -427,335 7,542 9,425,172
Life 61,733,673 0 -131,966 0 -974,026 -38,311 60,589,370
Unit-linked life 62,468,983 0 -18,308 0 -415,382 11,352 62,046,645
Total non-life 290,473,263 -7,767,254 -16,160,113 3,678,151 31,850,843 -15,896,632 286,178,258
Total life 124,202,656 0 -150,274 0 -1,389,408 -26,959 122,636,015
Total 414,675,919 -7,767,254 -16,310,387 3,678,151 30,461,435 -15,923,591 408,814,273

87
13
13
27
39
24
31
01
73
72
70
15
58
15

Sava Re
2022
Gross amounts Reinsurers' share of
claims (-)
Change in the gross claims
provision (+/-)
Change in the reinsurers'
and co-insurers' share of
the claims provision (+/–)
Net claims incurred
EUR Claims Recourse receivables
Personal accident 2,123,732 -1,576 -2,650 -797,063 27 1,322,471
Health 18,189 0 0 9,286 0 27,475
Land motor vehicles 16,552,218 -222,223 -1,688,495 3,265,330 -2,017,235 15,889,594
Railway rolling stock 71,994 0 0 -9,857 0 62,138
Aircraft hull 116,940 -4 -2,430 332,781 398 447,685
Ships hull 5,021,495 -23 -1,530,557 -1,700,033 1,607,332 3,398,216
Goods in transit 1,390,883 -60 -410 321,502 0 1,711,915
Fire and natural forces 75,821,923 -21,385 -26,007,112 19,939,542 -3,438,677 66,294,291
Other damage to property 9,745,421 -17,777 -805,806 -954,672 123,270 8,090,436
Motor vehicle liability 13,528,902 -413,725 -615,607 -681,428 -659,672 11,158,470
Aircraft liability 16,234 0 0 -32,770 0 -16,535
Liability for ships 323,997 -24 0 62,973 0 386,945
General liability 3,071,502 -1,484 -20,056 374,214 -536,062 2,888,113
Credit 143,932 -189,965 0 -16,817 0 -62,850
Suretyship 143,355 -371 0 -76,443 0 66,542
Miscellaneous financial loss 1,537,322 -97 -1,115,771 -5,414,293 -765,764 -5,758,602
Legal expenses 1,758 0 0 0 0 1,758
Life 457,981 0 -149,802 106,849 -92,997 322,031
Unit-linked life 16,959 0 -14,685 -37,598 22,948 -12,375
Total non-life 129,629,798 -868,715 -31,788,894 14,622,254 -5,686,381 105,908,061
Total life 474,941 0 -164,487 69,251 -70,049 309,656
Total 130,104,739 -868,715 -31,953,381 14,691,505 -5,756,430 106,217,717

Sava Re Gross amounts Change in the reinsurers'
2021
EUR
Claims Subrogation recoveries Reinsurers' share of
claims (-)
Change in the gross claims
provision (+/-)
and co-insurers' share of
the claims provision (+/–)
Net claims incurred
Personal accident 2,289,462 -75 -1,283 -648,849 -27 1,639,227
Health -249,790 0 0 -16,680 0 -266,470
Land motor vehicles 11,427,298 -219,975 -158,899 1,474,931 -139,799 12,383,556
Railway rolling stock 44,315 0 0 29,709 0 74,025
Aircraft hull 336,057 0 -7,698 74,624 50,818 453,801
Ships hull 7,984,579 0 -2,399,847 3,511,229 -557,507 8,538,455
Goods in transit 2,182,870 -1 0 1,163,882 433 3,347,184
Fire and natural forces 47,646,185 -33,949 -3,601,820 25,821,325 -19,862,047 49,969,694
Other damage to property 10,070,682 -6,611 -946,576 -2,149,835 944,956 7,912,616
Motor vehicle liability 11,389,850 -374,960 -1,637,288 -1,907,193 1,091,863 8,562,272
Aircraft liability 16,136 0 0 50,685 3 66,824
Liability for ships 449,260 0 0 -138,195 0 311,065
General liability 3,245,093 -3,424 -6,138 4,063,443 798,592 8,097,566
Credit 268,473 -422,000 0 2,605 0 -150,922
Suretyship 36,033 -864 0 168,041 0 203,211
Miscellaneous financial loss 2,838,356 -2 -1,081,909 7,434,162 837,765 10,028,371
Legal expenses 2,944 0 0 -48 0 2,896
Assistance 3 0 0 -23 0 -20
Life 300,717 0 -66,838 354,813 -178,071 410,621
Unit-linked life 26,154 0 -18,308 2,339 -1,401 8,784
Total non-life 99,977,807 -1,061,861 -9,841,459 38,933,813 -16,834,950 111,173,351
Total life 326,871 0 -85,146 357,152 -179,472 419,405
Total 100,304,678 -1,061,861 -9,926,605 39,290,966 -17,014,422 111,592,756

The effect of the change in the claims provision is described in note 17.8.24.

17.8.34 Change in other technical provisions, change in the technical provision for policyholders who bear the investment risk and expenses for bonuses and rebates

The change in other technical provisions relates to changes in the net provision for unexpired risks and the mathematical provision. The change in technical provisions is described in note 17.8.24.

The change in other technical provisions was a decrease of EUR 5.4 million in 2022 (in 2021: decrease of EUR 16.7 million) and mainly reflected the change in the mathematical provision for life insurance. The change in the technical provision of policyholders who bear the investment risk increased by EUR 139.4 million (2021: decrease of EUR 79.6 million).

The Group's expenses for bonuses and rebates in 2022 amounted to EUR 302.3 thousand (2021: EUR 276.0 thousand).

17.8.35 Operating expenses

The Group classifies operating expenses by nature. Compared to 2021, these expenses rose by 3.8%, or EUR 8.4 million, (2021: EUR 16.7 million).

The Company's operating expenses decreased by 1.8%, or EUR 1.1 million, chiefly due to the EUR 4.9 million change in deferred policy acquisition costs.

Operating expenses by nature

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 2022 2021 2022 2021
Acquisition costs (commissions) 81,688,701 77,684,219 48,083,564 45,244,305
Change in deferred acquisition costs -3,013,935 1,926,381 -3,933,836 968,321
Depreciation/amortisation of operating assets 9,274,469 10,108,054 543,794 561,935
Personnel costs 89,732,838 85,639,887 9,969,809 9,806,405
- Salaries and wages 65,912,267 63,509,304 7,727,933 7,766,997
- Social and pension insurance costs 9,534,333 9,182,342 1,283,969 1,277,413
- Other personnel costs 14,286,238 12,948,241 957,907 761,996
Costs of services by natural persons not performing
business, incl. of contributions
975,695 837,540 327,662 324,245
Other operating expenses 49,671,531 43,735,684 5,173,291 4,362,886
Total 228,329,299 219,931,765 60,164,284 61,268,096

The proportion of other operating expenses as a percentage of gross premiums written rose to 6.4% in 2022 (2021: 6.0%).

The main items of other operating expenses, excluding audit expenses, are as follows.

Sava Insurance Group
EUR 2022 2021
Other operating expenses 48,824,840 43,098,938
- Cost of materials 1,579,458 1,316,263
- Energy costs 2,010,370 1,359,783
- Rent costs 3,838,023 1,998,672
- Employee reimbursements and training costs 1,474,085 1,136,104
- Cost of other services 13,242,214 12,287,899
- Payment transaction costs 2,481,845 2,564,701
- Costs of intellectual and personal services 11,053,127 11,194,419
- Insurance premiums 420,146 273,896
- Cost of advertising, promotion and entertainment 8,669,014 7,793,563
- Provisions for pensions and other provisions 1,041,039 815,002
- Cost of donations, sponsorship, membership fees 3,015,519 2,358,636
Total 48,824,840 43,098,938

Audit fees

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 2022 2021 2022 2021
Audit of annual report 709,487 572,663 145,594 155,341
Other assurance services 137,203 64,084 52,567 26,032
Total 846,690 636,747 198,161 181,373

The cost of auditing the annual report includes audit costs incurred by each Group company, and additionally for the Company, in addition to the cost of auditing the separate financial statements, the cost of auditing the consolidated financial statements of the Sava Insurance Group. Other audit services relate to assurance services for reports drawn up by the Company and the Group under Solvency II requirements, and for other reports in respect of which the auditor provides assurance services (report on related parties, compliance with ESEF reporting, remuneration report, approval of financial statements for foreign regulators, etc.).

17.8.36 Income tax expense

Tax expense recognised in the income statement

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 2022 2021 2022 2021
Income tax expense 15,293,428 17,256,845 364,624 400,028
Deferred tax expense 447,196 111,247 953,391 366,058
Total tax expense recognised in the income statement 15,740,624 17,368,092 1,318,014 766,086

Tax expense recognised in other comprehensive income – items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss

Sava Insurance Group 2022 2021
EUR Before taxes Tax After taxes Before taxes Tax After taxes
Provisions for jubilee benefits and severance pay – actuarial gains/losses 946,933 -154,398 1,101,332 335,805 741 335,064
Total 946,933 -154,398 1,101,332 335,805 741 335,064
Sava Re 2022 2021
EUR Before taxes Tax After taxes Before taxes Tax After taxes
Provisions for jubilee benefits and severance pay – actuarial gains/losses 55,904 0 55,904 49,958 0 49,958
Total 55,904 0 55,904 49,958 0 49,958

Tax expense recognised in other comprehensive income – items that will be reclassified to profit or loss

Sava Insurance Group 2022 2021
EUR Before taxes Tax After taxes Before taxes Tax After taxes
Long-term financial investments and investment property -168,628,558 30,824,325 -137,804,234 -23,124,823 4,212,448 -18,912,376
Exchange differences 0 0 0 -15,670 0 -15,670
Other comprehensive income -168,628,558 30,824,325 -137,804,234 -23,140,493 4,212,448 -18,912,376

Sava Re 2022 2021
EUR Before taxes Tax After taxes Before taxes Tax After taxes
Long-term financial investments and investment property -27,260,529 5,179,499 -22,081,030 -2,987,782 567,678 -2,420,104
Other comprehensive income -27,260,529 5,179,499 -22,081,030 -2,987,782 567,678 -2,420,104

Tax rate reconciliation

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 2022 2021 2022 2021 EUR 2022 Expiry date 2022 Expiry date
Profit or loss before tax 83,983,208 93,535,270 57,284,886 53,606,214 With expiry date 1,034,211 2023–2027 2,266,620 2022–2026
Income tax expenses at statutory tax rate (19%) 15,956,810 17,771,701 10,884,128 10,185,181 Without expiry date 8,653,008 - 11,745,495 -
Adjustment to actual rates 9,478,875 8,999,541 0 0 Total 9,687,219 - 14,012,115 -
Tax effect of income deductible for tax purposes -10,443,245 -10,092,004 0 0
Tax effect of expenses not tax deductible 567,978 1,200,758 -9,955,777 -9,675,090 Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
Tax effect of income that increases tax base 686,575 667,507 -440,525 86,493 EUR 2021 Expiry date 2021 Expiry date
Tax relief -1,796,768 -1,524,324 497,643 484,573 With expiry date 2,266,620 2022–2026 - -
Temporarily unrecognised deferred tax 1,251,563 335,381 -620,846 -681,129 Without expiry date 11,745,495 - 11,133,298 -
Other 38,836 9,535 953,391 366,058 Total 14,012,115 11,133,298
Total income tax expense in the income statement 15,740,624 17,368,095 1,318,014 766,086
Effective tax rate 18.74% 18.57% 2.30% 1.43%

Unused tax losses

17.9 Contingent assets and liabilities

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Outstanding recourse receivables 30,003,944 28,366,399 0 0
Receivables from the cancellation of
subordinated financial instruments
37,960,300 37,960,300 10,038,000 10,038,000
Other potential receivables 1,891,582 1,672,497 244,026 24,941
Contingent assets 69,855,826 67,999,196 10,282,026 10,062,941
Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
8,491,853
Guarantees issued 12,398,533 24,373,833 4,372,752
Civil claims (lawsuits) 60,908 118,737 0 0
Contingent liabilities 12,459,441 24,492,570 4,372,752 8,491,853

Other contingent assets mainly relate to the participation in a class action.

In off-balance sheet items for 2022 and 2021, the Group and the Company show contingent assets in the amount of their cancelled subordinated instruments, regarding which the Group is continuing activities for the protection of its interests. In December 2016, claims were filed against the issuing banks of the cancelled subordinated financial instruments held by the Group.

Guarantees issued mostly represent potential liabilities

arising from investments in alternative funds. At the time of signing the subscription, which represents a commitment to make future payments into the alternative fund, the Company records the amount of the commitment under off-balance sheet items, which are then decreased at every capita call-up by the amount called up.

17.10 Related party disclosures

The Group makes separate disclosures for the following groups of related parties:

  • owners and related enterprises,
  • key management personnel: management board, supervisory board including its committees, and employees not subject to the tariff section of the collective agreement,
  • subsidiary companies,
  • associates.

Owners and related enterprises

The Group's largest shareholder is Slovenian Sovereign Holding, with a 17.7% stake. The ultimate beneficial owner of Slovenian Sovereign Holding is the Republic of Slovenia.

Remuneration of management board members in 2022

EUR Gross salary – fixed
amount
Gross salary –
variable amount
Benefits in kind –
insurance premiums
Benefits in kind –
use of company car
Total
Marko Jazbec 210,586 155,623 426 3,281 369,916
Jošt Dolničar 62,625 140,082 1,750 1,010 205,467
Polona Pirš Zupančič 179,400 53,460 5,442 9,012 247,314
Peter Skvarča 179,400 53,460 5,451 4,696 243,007
Total 632,011 402,625 13,069 17,999 1,065,705

Remuneration of management board members in 2021

EUR Gross salary – fixed
amount
Gross salary –
variable amount
Benefits in kind –
insurance premiums
Benefits in kind –
use of company car
Total
Marko Jazbec 199,050 59,400 442 4,101 262,993
Jošt Dolničar 179,400 53,460 5,471 3,608 241,939
Polona Pirš Zupančič 179,400 53,460 5,438 2,740 241,038
Peter Skvarča 179,400 40,838 5,440 5,977 231,655
Total 737,250 207,158 16,791 16,426 977,625

Liabilities to management board members based on gross remuneration

EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Marko Jazbec 18,000 16,500
Jošt Dolničar 0 14,850
Polona Pirš Zupančič 14,850 14,850
Peter Skvarča 14,850 14,850
Total 47,700 61,050

In 2022, EUR 96,249 was paid to the chairman of the management board, Marko Jazbec, and EUR 86,622 was paid to the member of the management board, Jošt Dolničar, in respect of deferred remuneration for 2021, 2020, 2019 and 2018.

As at 31 December 2022, the Company disclosed liabilities for potential payment of the variable part of pay of management board members in respect of 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 payable subject to certain conditions, in the amount of EUR 132,889.

As at 31 December 2022, the Company had no receivables due from the management board members. Management board members are not remunerated for their functions in subsidiary companies. They have other entitlements under employment contracts, i.e. an allowance for annual leave of EUR 1,200, severance pay upon retirement and contributions to voluntary supplementary pension insurance. Management board members are not entitled to jubilee benefits for 10, 20 or 30 years of service.

Remuneration of the supervisory board and its committees in 2022

Remuneration for
performing the
Reimbursement
of expenses and
Benefits in kind –
EUR Attendance fees function training insurance premiums Total
Supervisory board members
Davor Ivan Gjivoje chairman 2,915 19,500 38,248 81 60,744
Keith William Morris deputy chair 2,915 14,300 4,909 81 22,206
Klemen Babnik member 2,915 13,000 47 81 16,043
Matej Gomboši member 2,915 13,000 1,559 81 17,555
Gorazd Andrej Kunstek member 2,915 13,000 244 81 16,240
Edita Rituper member 2,915 13,000 0 81 15,996
Total supervisory board members 17,490 85,800 45,007 488 148,785
Audit committee members
Matej Gomboši chairman 2,596 4,875 1,735 0 9,206
Gorazd Andrej Kunstek member 2,596 3,250 271 0 6,117
Katarina Sitar Šuštar external member 0 10,625 107 0 10,731
Dragan Martinović external member 0 6,851 0 0 6,851
Total audit committee members 5,192 25,600 2,113 0 32,905
Members of the nominations and remuneration committee
Klemen Babnik chairman 1,100 4,875 22 0 5,997
Davor Ivan Gjivoje member 1,100 3,250 25,258 0 29,608
Keith William Morris member 1,100 3,250 2,316 0 6,666
Matej Gomboši member 1,100 3,250 735 0 5,085
Gorazd Andrej Kunstek member 1,100 3,250 115 0 4,465
Edita Rituper member 440 0 0 0 440
Total nominations committee members 5,940 17,875 28,446 0 52,261

Remuneration for
performing the
Reimbursement
of expenses and
Benefits in kind –
EUR Attendance fees function training insurance premiums Total
Members of the risk committee
Keith William Morris chairman 1,540 4,875 3,242 0 9,657
Davor Ivan Gjivoje member 1,540 3,250 25,258 0 30,048
Janez Komelj external member 0 6,254 0 0 6,254
Total risk committee members 3,080 14,379 28,500 0 45,959
Members of the fit & proper committee
Keith William Morris chairman 660 4,875 1,389 0 6,924
Klemen Babnik member 660 3,250 13 0 3,923
Rok Saje external member 660 3,250 0 0 3,910
Klara Hauko external member 660 3,250 0 0 3,910
Total members of the fit & proper committee 2,640 14,625 1,403 0 18,668

Remuneration of the supervisory board and its committees in 2021

EUR Attendance fees Remuneration for
performing the
function
Reimbursement
of expenses and
training
Benefits in kind –
insurance premiums
Total
Supervisory board members
Davor Ivan Gjivoje chairman 3,795 15,970 36,636 69 56,470
Keith William Morris deputy chair 3,795 14,300 2,202 69 20,366
Klemen Babnik member 1,925 5,941 49 69 7,984
Matej Gomboši member 1,925 5,941 763 69 8,698
Gorazd Andrej Kunstek member 3,795 13,000 0 69 16,864
Mateja Živec member 3,795 13,000 0 69 16,864
Mateja Lovšin Herič chair until 16 July 2021 1,870 10,589 0 0 12,459
Andrej Kren member until 16 July 2021 1,870 7,059 0 0 8,929

Remuneration for
performing the
Reimbursement
of expenses and
Benefits in kind –
EUR Attendance fees function training insurance premiums Total
Total supervisory board members 22,770 85,800 39,650 414 148,634
Audit committee members
Matej Gomboši chairman 880 2,228 436 0 3,544
Gorazd Andrej Kunstek member 880 1,485 0 0 2,365
Katarina Sitar Šuštar external member 0 6,675 22 0 6,697
Dragan Martinović external member 0 4,973 0 0 4,973
Andrej Kren chair until 16 July 2021 2,420 2,647 0 0 5,067
Mateja Lovšin Herič member until 16 July 2021 2,420 1,765 0 0 4,185
Ignac Dolenšek external member until
16 July 2021
0 9,038 0 0 9,038
Total audit committee members 6,600 28,811 458 0 35,869
Members of the nominations and remuneration committee
Klemen Babnik chairman 220 2,228 7 0 2,455
Davor Ivan Gjivoje member 1,760 3,250 21,238 0 26,248
Keith William Morris member 880 3,250 638 0 4,768
Matej Gomboši member 220 1,485 109 0 1,814
Gorazd Andrej Kunstek member 1,100 1,553 0 0 2,653
Mateja Lovšin Herič chair until 16 July 2021 1,540 2,647 0 0 4,187
Andrej Kren member until 16 July 2021 660 1,765 0 0 2,425
Total nominations committee members 6,380 16,178 21,992 0 44,550
Members of the risk committee
Keith William Morris chairman 1,540 4,875 1,117 0 7,532
Davor Ivan Gjivoje member 1,496 3,250 18,053 0 22,799
Slaven Mićković external member 0 12,451 0 0 12,451

EUR Attendance fees Remuneration for
performing the
function
Reimbursement
of expenses and
training
Benefits in kind –
insurance premiums
Total
Janez Komelj external member 0 2,313 0 0 2,313
Total risk committee members 3,036 22,889 19,170 0 45,095
Members of the fit & proper committee
Keith William Morris chairman 1,056 3,993 766 0 5,815
Klemen Babnik member 660 1,485 0 0 2,145
Rok Saje external member 1,496 3,250 0 0 4,746
Klara Hauko external member 660 1,485 0 0 2,145
Mateja Živec chair until 16 July 2021 660 2,647 0 0 3,307
Andrej Kren alternate member until
16 July 2021
396 1,765 0 0 2,161
Gorazd Andrej Kunstek alternate member 440 542 0 0 982
Davor Ivan Gjivoje alternate member 440 542 0 0 982
Total members of the fit & proper committee 5,808 15,709 766 0 22,283

As at 31 December 2022, the Company had no receivables due from the supervisory board members and had no liabilities due to any members of the supervisory board or its committees based on gross remuneration.

Benefits in
EUR Gross salary –
fixed amount
Gross salary –
variable amount
kind and other
benefits
Total
Individual employment contracts 2,107,804 176,142 138,041 2,421,988

Employee remuneration not subject to the tariff section of the collective agreement for 2021

Benefits in
EUR Gross salary –
fixed amount
Gross salary –
variable amount
kind and other
benefits
Total
Individual employment contracts 2,394,623 606,634 136,748 3,138,005

Average gross salary in Group companies

The average gross salary of Group companies is calculated as the sum of all personnel costs of Group companies (income statement item "personnel costs") multiplied by the number of months in operation, which is

then divided by the average number of all employees based on the number of hours worked of all Group companies.

Sava Insurance Group
EUR
2022 2021
Average monthly gross salary 2,768 2,648
Total 2,759 2,648

Subsidiaries

Investments in and amounts due from Group companies

Sava Re
EUR
31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Loans granted to Group companies gross 1,030,575 1,359,945
Receivables for premiums arising out of reinsurance assumed gross 13,951,635 13,594,556
Other short-term receivables gross 51,397 40,472
Short-term deferred acquisition costs gross 2,866,215 1,144,493
Total 17,899,822 16,139,465

Liabilities to Group companies

Sava Re
EUR
31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Technical provisions 108,030,721 105,796,856
- Unearned premiums 26,802,427 25,605,140
- Provision for outstanding claims 80,867,018 79,918,992
- Other technical provisions 361,276 272,725
Liabilities for shares in reinsurance claims due to Group companies 12,445,723 12,577,473
Other payables from co-insurance and reinsurance 3,114,174 3,129,491
Other short-term liabilities 156,624 19,633
Total (excl. provisions) 123,747,241 121,523,453

Liabilities to Group companies by maturity

EUR Contractual maturity
31 Dec 2021 Over 5 years from 1 to 5 Up to 1 year Total
Technical provisions 18,454,675 39,293,684 48,048,498 105,796,856
Liabilities for shares in reinsurance claims due to
Group companies
0 0 12,577,473 12,577,473
Other payables from co-insurance and reinsurance 0 0 3,129,491 3,129,491
Other short-term liabilities 0 0 19,633 19,633
Total (excl. provisions) 18,454,675 39,293,684 63,775,094 121,523,453
EUR Contractual maturity Sava Re
EUR
2022 2021
31 Dec 2022 Over 5 years from 1 to 5 Up to 1 year Total Gross premiums written 78,529,245 77,960,454
Technical provisions 18,169,501 40,423,582 49,437,638 108,030,721 Change in gross unearned premiums -1,197,286 4,477,398
Liabilities for shares in reinsurance claims due to
Group companies
0 0 12,445,723 12,445,723 Gross claims payments -59,459,428 -41,839,681
Other payables from co-insurance and reinsurance 0 0 3,114,174 3,114,174 Change in the gross provision for outstanding claims -948,270 -3,373,134
Other short-term liabilities 0 0 156,624 156,624 Income from gross recourse receivables 862,891 1,048,046
Total (excl. provisions) 18,169,501 40,423,582 65,154,158 123,747,241 Change in gross provision for bonuses, rebates and cancellations -88,551 1,643
Other operating expenses -333,877 -247,383
Dividend income 51,923,025 50,417,783
EUR Contractual maturity Interest income 61,843 49,106
31 Dec 2021 Over 5 years from 1 to 5 Up to 1 year Total Acquisition costs -23,034,586 -20,466,362
Technical provisions 18,454,675 39,293,684 48,048,498 105,796,856 Change in deferred acquisition costs 4,010,707 -1,130,925
Liabilities for shares in reinsurance claims due to
Group companies
0 0 12,577,473 12,577,473 Other non-life income 395,705 398,015
Total 50,721,419 67,294,961

Income and expenses relating to Group companies

Associate companies

No material operating income or expenses was posted with associate companies in 2022 and 2021.

Majority state-owned companies

Disclosures relating to state-owned companies are prepared for state-owned companies that are monthly updated on the websites of SDH – List of Investments.

395

Receivables due from the state and majority state-owned companies

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Interests in companies 3,418,761 4,562,784 3,418,761 3,637,316
Debt securities and loans 61,717,733 83,165,547 14,304,654 16,521,297
Receivables due from policyholders 457,256 557,981 0 0
Total 65,593,750 88,286,313 17,723,415 20,158,613

Liabilities to the state and majority state-owned companies

Sava Insurance Group
EUR
31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021
Liabilities for shares in claims 0 1,191
Total 0 1,191

Income and expenses relating to majority state-owned companies

Sava Insurance Group Sava Re
EUR 2022 2021 2022 2021
Dividend income 294,171 401,483 290,832 339,990
Interest income at effective interest rate 1,350,977 1,668,329 261,117 264,509
Other investment income 702,964 1,782,648 36,832 1,651,980
Other investment expenses -473,200 0 -473,200 0
Gross premiums written 12,173,456 12,388,063 0 0
Gross claims payments -3,348,982 -2,267,096 0 0
Total 10,699,386 13,973,426 115,580 2,256,480

Characteristics of loans granted to subsidiaries

Sava Re
Borrower
Principal Type of loan Interest rate
Sava Pokojninska (SVN) 1,500,000 subordinated 28 June 2027 6.00%
Total 1,500,000

18 Significant events after the reporting date

  • On 15 January 2023, a new five-year term of office for Polona Pirš Zupančič, a member of the management board of Sava Re, was entered in the register of companies.
  • At the beginning of 2023, Zavarovalnica Sava and Sava Infond sold two properties in Maribor, which were classified as available for sale at the reporting date. The sale value of the properties was EUR 4.2 million. This sale will have no impact on the consolidated income statement of the Sava Insurance Group for 2023.
  • In March 2023, an agreement was signed for the sale of G2I (GBR). Sava Re's ownership of the company will cease after the transfer of the shareholding becomes effective in the English register of companies.

Appendices (unaudited)

Every person is unique, leaves a unique footprint and makes a unique contribution. Among good people, we want to create an environment where everyone can thrive, fulfil their aspirations and become the best version of themselves. That's why we will continue to be a support you can rely on, with a network of services and continuous development aimed at the well-being of each individual and the community.

Development of gross premiums written

Net premiums written as a percentage of gross premiums written

2022 2021 Index Gross premiums Net premiums
EUR 1 2 1/2 written written 2022
Personal accident 5,760,218 5,980,870 96.3 EUR, except percentages 1 2 2/1 2021
Health 45,274 22,378 202.3 Personal accident 5,760,218 5,726,783 99.4% 99.3%
Land motor vehicles 25,870,954 23,762,397 108.9 Health 45,274 45,274 100.0% 100.0%
Railway rolling stock 234,660 252,822 92.8 Land motor vehicles 25,870,954 23,767,141 91.9% 96.6%
Aircraft hull 649,782 367,241 176.9 Railway rolling stock 234,660 234,660 100.0% 100.0%
Ships hull 5,622,395 5,912,171 95.1 Aircraft hull 649,782 241,098 37.1% 99.7%
Goods in transit 4,868,055 4,579,050 106.3 Ships hull 5,622,395 4,868,816 86.6% 85.5%
Fire 103,038,238 93,483,332 110.2 Goods in transit 4,868,055 4,411,449 90.6% 95.7%
Other damage to property 25,011,736 26,349,830 94.9 Fire 103,038,238 83,162,184 80.7% 79.4%
Motor vehicle liability 16,074,659 17,354,493 92.6 Other damage to property 25,011,736 17,734,198 70.9% 76.0%
Aircraft liability 319,741 80,709 396.2 Motor vehicle liability 16,074,659 14,824,019 92.2% 92.1%
Liability for ships 621,214 471,681 131.7 Aircraft liability 319,741 264,009 82.6% 98.6%
General liability 7,932,462 8,442,839 94.0 Liability for ships 621,214 605,464 97.5% 96.2%
Credit 598,192 749,498 79.8 General liability 7,932,462 6,733,514 84.9% 82.6%
Suretyship 220,857 228,722 96.6 Credit 598,192 598,192 100.0% 100.0%
Miscellaneous financial loss 1,235,468 936,827 131.9 Suretyship 220,857 220,857 100.0% 100.0%
Legal expenses 9,506 9,301 102.2 Miscellaneous financial loss 1,235,468 200,176 16.2% 18.5%
Assistance -4,456 43,673 -10.2 Legal expenses 9,506 9,506 100.0% 100.0%
Life 1,201,748 945,978 127.0 Assistance -4,456 5,414 -121.5% 75.7%
Unit-linked life 94,626 77,914 121.4 Life 1,201,748 739,941 61.6% 59.5%
Total non-life 198,108,955 189,027,832 104.8 Unit-linked life 94,626 63,765 67.4% 55.1%
Total life 1,296,374 1,023,892 126.6 Total non-life 198,108,955 163,652,752 82.6% 83.6%
Total 199,405,329 190,051,724 104.9 Total life 1,296,374 803,706 62.0% 59.2%
Total 199,405,329 164,456,459 82.5% 83.4%

Development of gross claims paid

Loss ratios

2022 2021 Index Gross premiums Gross claims
EUR 1 2 1/2 written paid 2022
Personal accident 2,122,156 2,289,387 92.7 EUR, except percentages 1 2 2/1 2021
Health 18,189 -249,790 -7.3 Personal accident 5,760,218 2,122,156 36.8% 38.3%
Land motor vehicles 16,329,995 11,207,323 145.7 Health 45,274 18,189 40.2% -1116.3%
Railway rolling stock 71,994 44,315 162.5 Land motor vehicles 25,870,954 16,329,995 63.1% 47.2%
Aircraft hull 116,936 336,057 34.8 Railway rolling stock 234,660 71,994 30.7% 17.5%
Ships hull 5,021,473 7,984,579 62.9 Aircraft hull 649,782 116,936 18.0% 91.5%
Goods in transit 1,390,823 2,182,869 63.7 Ships hull 5,622,395 5,021,473 89.3% 135.1%
Fire 75,800,537 47,612,236 159.2 Goods in transit 4,868,055 1,390,823 28.6% 47.7%
Other damage to property 9,727,643 10,064,070 96.7 Fire 103,038,238 75,800,537 73.6% 50.9%
Motor vehicle liability 13,115,177 11,014,890 119.1 Other damage to property 25,011,736 9,727,643 38.9% 38.2%
Aircraft liability 16,234 16,136 100.6 Motor vehicle liability 16,074,659 13,115,177 81.6% 63.5%
Liability for ships 323,973 449,260 72.1 Aircraft liability 319,741 16,234 5.1% 20.0%
General liability 3,070,018 3,241,669 94.7 Liability for ships 621,214 323,973 52.2% 95.2%
Credit -46,033 -153,527 30.0 General liability 7,932,462 3,070,018 38.7% 38.4%
Suretyship 142,985 35,169 406.6 Credit 598,192 -46,033 -7.7% -20.5%
Miscellaneous financial loss 1,537,226 2,838,354 54.2 Suretyship 220,857 142,985 64.7% 15.4%
Legal expenses 1,758 2,944 59.7 Miscellaneous financial loss 1,235,468 1,537,226 124.4% 303.0%
Assistance 0 3 4.7 Legal expenses 9,506 1,758 18.5% 31.7%
Life 457,981 300,717 152.3 Assistance -4,456 0 0.0% 0.0%
Unit-linked life 16,959 26,154 64.8 Life 1,201,748 457,981 38.1% 31.8%
Total non-life 128,761,083 98,915,946 130.2 Unit-linked life 94,626 16,959 17.9% 33.6%
Total life 474,941 326,871 145.3 Total non-life 198,108,955 128,761,083 65.0% 52.3%
Total 129,236,023 99,242,817 130.2 Total life 1,296,374 474,941 36.6% 31.9%
Total 199,405,329 129,236,023 64.8% 52.2%

<-- PDF CHUNK SEPARATOR -->

Administrative expenses as percentage of gross premiums written

* Included are only the operating expenses relating to reinsurance operations (excluding administrative expenses relating to the Group).

Gross premiums Operating Gross premiums
written expenses* 2022 Index written Acquisition costs 2022
EUR, except percentages 1 2 2/1 1/2 EUR, except percentages 1 2 2/1 2021
Personal accident 5,760,218 1,880,790 32.7% 32.5% Personal accident 5,760,218 1,949,722 33.8% 29.4%
Health 45,274 10,506 23.2% -276.8% Health 45,274 8,946 19.8% -363.8%
Land motor vehicles 25,870,954 7,132,734 27.6% 28.2% Land motor vehicles 25,870,954 7,633,678 29.5% 26.9%
Railway rolling stock 234,660 142,648 60.8% 56.8% Railway rolling stock 234,660 79,409 33.8% 34.9%
Aircraft hull 649,782 125,322 19.3% 30.2% Aircraft hull 649,782 66,835 10.3% 12.8%
Ships hull 5,622,395 1,376,775 24.5% 33.5% Ships hull 5,622,395 1,203,052 21.4% 20.7%
Goods in transit 4,868,055 1,304,957 26.8% 25.0% Goods in transit 4,868,055 1,091,499 22.4% 20.3%
Fire 103,038,238 24,838,681 24.1% 26.0% Fire 103,038,238 21,428,798 20.8% 22.1%
Other damage to property 25,011,736 6,962,178 27.8% 30.0% Other damage to property 25,011,736 6,385,468 25.5% 24.6%
Motor vehicle liability 16,074,659 4,860,621 30.2% 28.8% Motor vehicle liability 16,074,659 5,103,814 31.8% 26.3%
Aircraft liability 319,741 16,779 5.2% 30.7% Aircraft liability 319,741 8,637 2.7% 24.8%
Liability for ships 621,214 182,572 29.4% 30.4% Liability for ships 621,214 156,619 25.2% 24.1%
General liability 7,932,462 2,518,367 31.7% 41.1% General liability 7,932,462 2,227,878 28.1% 26.0%
Credit 598,192 280,835 46.9% 50.7% Credit 598,192 210,742 35.2% 43.9%
Suretyship 220,857 71,629 32.4% 46.9% Suretyship 220,857 64,144 29.0% 34.2%
Miscellaneous financial loss 1,235,468 304,738 24.7% 50.1% Miscellaneous financial loss 1,235,468 333,841 27.0% 31.4%
Legal expenses 9,506 4,197 44.1% 62.0% Legal expenses 9,506 3,740 39.3% 60.5%
Assistance -4,456 -3,016 67.7% 21.4% Assistance -4,456 -4,147 93.1% 19.1%
Life 1,201,748 173,904 14.5% 11.9% Life 1,201,748 125,220 10.4% 8.2%
Unit-linked life 94,626 9,469 10.0% 21.4% Unit-linked life 94,626 5,662 6.0% 17.7%
Total non-life 198,108,955 52,011,312 26.3% 28.5% Total non-life 198,108,955 47,952,674 24.2% 23.9%
Total life 1,296,374 183,373 14.1% 12.6% Total life 1,296,374 130,881 10.1% 9.0%
Total 199,405,329 52,194,685 26.2% 28.4% Total 199,405,329 48,083,556 24.1% 23.8%

Acquisition costs (commission) as percentage of gross premiums written

Net paid loss ratio

Net premiums Net claims
EUR, except percentages earned
1
incurred
2
2022
2/1
2021
Personal accident 5,651,659 1,322,471 23.4% 27.6%
Health 41,973 27,475 65.5% -1194.3%
Land motor vehicles 23,308,311 15,889,594 68.2% 56.2%
Railway rolling stock 241,228 62,138 25.8% 31.9%
Aircraft hull 351,473 447,685 127.4% 138.2%
Ships hull 4,912,999 3,398,216 69.2% 146.4%
Goods in transit 4,681,616 1,711,915 36.6% 74.8%
Fire 83,669,580 66,294,290 79.2% 67.7%
Other damage to property 17,793,284 8,090,436 45.5% 37.0%
Motor vehicle liability 15,189,853 11,158,470 73.5% 53.0%
Aircraft liability 176,198 -16,535 -9.4% 75.7%
Liability for ships 579,125 386,945 66.8% 68.3%
General liability 6,823,615 2,888,113 42.3% 84.4%
Credit 697,276 -62,850 -9.0% -15.1%
Suretyship 202,084 66,542 32.9% 66.2%
Miscellaneous financial loss 326,240 -5,758,602 -1765.1% 2297.6%
Legal expenses 10,071 1,758 17.5% 32.2%
Assistance -4,014 1 0.0% -0.1%
Life 759,412 322,031 42.4% 74.9%
Unit-linked life 68,386 -12,375 -18.1% 20.7%
Total non-life 164,652,572 105,908,061 64.3% 68.6%
Total life 827,798 309,656 37.4% 71.0%
Total 165,480,370 106,217,717 64.2% 68.6%

Combined loss ratio for non-life insurance business (EUR, except percentages)

Net claims incurred Administrative expenses Net premiums earned 2022 2021
1 2 3 (1+2)/3
105,908,061 16,014,556 164,652,572 74.0% 77.8%

Net investment income as percentage of average investments

EUR Average
investments
Investment
income
Investment
expenses
Effect of
investments
2022
Effect of
investments
2021
Non-life insurance register of
assets
275,605,291 20,102,667 14,975,512 1.9% 3.2%
Capital fund 386,294,951 53,402,387 4,399,977 12.7% 13.6%
Total 661,900,242 73,505,054 19,375,489 8.2% 9.2%

Net provisions for outstanding claims as percentage of net earned premiums

Net provision
for outstanding
claims
Net premiums
earned
2022
EUR, except percentages 1 2 1/2 2021
Personal accident 1,908,163 2,630,075 72.6% 87.7%
Health 4,512 -8,074 -55.9% 4.8%
Land motor vehicles 9,812,532 8,105,607 121.1% 29.4%
Railway rolling stock 54,081 70,506 76.7% 38.8%
Aircraft hull 24,756 -198,048 -12.5% 175.7%
Ships hull 782,031 918,915 85.1% 253.7%
Goods in transit 578,934 527,599 109.7% 118.9%
Fire 18,866,849 2,873,380 656.6% 165.2%
Other damage to property 5,142,231 6,032,718 85.2% 70.7%
Motor vehicle liability 6,190,084 7,897,017 78.4% 177.5%
Aircraft liability 129,661 74,620 173.8% 94.8%
Liability for ships 156,411 67,099 233.1% 80.1%
General liability 1,269,970 1,521,919 83.4% 249.8%
Credit 477,640 593,541 80.5% 53.8%
Suretyship 40,660 98,330 41.4% 210.2%
Miscellaneous financial loss -18,685 6,287,436 -0.3% 2720.2%
Legal expenses 1,662 2,227 74.6% 0.0%
Assistance 4,210 -5,218 -80.7% 0.0%
Life 142,312 147,931 96.2% 54.0%
Unit-linked life 71 19,341 0.4% 38.5%
Total non-life 45,425,702 37,489,649 121.2% 145.3%
Total life 142,383 167,273 85.1% 52.8%
Total 45,568,085 37,656,922 121.0% 145.0%
Gross profit or loss for the period as percentage of net premiums written (EUR, except percentages)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- --
Gross profit/loss Net premiums written 2022
1 2 1/2 2021
57,284,886 164,456,459 34.8% 33.8%

Gross profit or loss for the period as percentage of average equity (EUR, except percentages)

Gross profit/loss Net premiums written 2022 2021
1 2 1/2
57,284,886 376,513,602 15.2% 15.2%

Gross profit or loss for the period as percentage of average assets (EUR, except percentages)

Gross profit/loss Net premiums written 2022 2021
1 2 1/2
57,284,886 847,592,164 6.8% 6.7%

Gross profit or loss for the period per share (EUR, except percentages)

Number of shares Number of shares 2022 2021
1 2 1/2
57,284,886 17,219,662 3.33 3.11

Receivables arising out of reinsurance business and reinsurers' share of technical provisions as percentage of equity (EUR, except percentages)

Reinsurers' share of technical
Reinsurance receivables provisions Equity 2022
1 2 3 (1+2)/3 2021
8,976,477 55,484,147 381,861,203 16.9% 14.4%

Net premiums written as percentage of average equity and average technical provisions (EUR, except percentages)

Net premiums written Average equity Average technical provisions 2022
1 2 3 (1+2)/3 2021
164,456,459 376,513,602 339,406,478 23.0% 23.8%
(1+2)/3 2021

Average technical provisions as percentage of net earned premiums (EUR, except percentages)

Equity as percentage of liabilities and equity (EUR, except percentages)

Average net technical Net technical provisions Liabilities and equity 2022
provisions Net premiums earned 2022 1 2 1/2 2021
1 2 1/2 2021 291,516,085 863,105,571 33.8% 34.1%
287,421,183 37,656,922 763.3% 168.8%

Net technical provisions as percentage of liabilities and equity (EUR, except percentages)

Number of employees in
Equity Liabilities and equity 2022 Gross premiums written regular employment 2022
1 2 1/2 2021 1 2 1/2 2021
381,861,203 863,105,571 44.2% 44.6% 199,405,329 133.3 1,496,475 1,501,792

Gross premiums written per employee (EUR, except percentages)

Appendix B – Financial statements of the Sava Insurance Group pursuant to requirements of the Insurance Supervision Agency

Consolidated statement of financial position – assets

ASSETS
Intangible assets
Property, plant and equipment
Non-current assets held for sale
Deferred tax assets
Investment property
Financial investments in associates
Financial investments:
- Loans and deposits
- Held to maturity
- Available for sale
- Measured at fair value
Assets held for the benefit of policyholders who bear the
Reinsurers' and co-insurers' share of technical provisions
Investment contract assets
Receivables
1. Receivables arising out of primary insurance business
2. Receivables arising out of reinsurance and co-insurance
3. Current tax assets
4. Other receivables
Other assets
EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 Index
ASSETS 2,534,002,659 2,658,322,359 95.3
Intangible assets 71,014,525 67,306,775 105.5
Property, plant and equipment 69,861,275 63,723,600 109.6
Non-current assets held for sale 991,803 770,544 128.7
Deferred tax assets 27,943,687 5,487,403 509.2
Investment property 22,795,759 14,281,192 159.6
Financial investments in associates 21,856,109 20,479,729 0.0
Financial investments: 1,297,012,771 1,472,688,443 88.1
- Loans and deposits 31,000,348 29,846,572 103.9
- Held to maturity 46,253,622 40,023,124 115.6
- Available for sale 1,200,776,061 1,368,432,673 87.7
- Measured at fair value 18,982,740 34,386,074 55.2
Assets held for the benefit of policyholders who bear the investment risk 483,893,869 517,439,592 93.5
Reinsurers' and co-insurers' share of technical provisions 65,600,524 57,767,056 113.6
Investment contract assets 172,915,796 172,836,349 100.0
Receivables 174,160,961 149,940,870 116.2
1. Receivables arising out of primary insurance business 143,751,656 128,544,723 111.8
2. Receivables arising out of reinsurance and co-insurance business 12,760,801 9,077,165 140.6
3. Current tax assets 3,945,207 330,518 1,193.6
4. Other receivables 13,703,297 11,988,464 114.3
Other assets 32,721,115 26,953,128 121.4
Cash and cash equivalents 93,234,465 88,647,678 105.2
Off-balance sheet items 108,587,402 92,483,933 117.4

Consolidated statement of financial position – equity and liabilities

EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 Index EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 Index
EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 2,534,002,659 2,658,322,359 95.3 Investment contract liabilities 172,739,040 172,660,266 100.0
Equity 411,951,369 504,077,018 81.7 Other financial liabilities 567,871 584,924 97.1
Share capital 71,856,376 71,856,376 100.0 Liabilities from operating activities 56,208,903 54,783,379 102.6
Capital reserves 42,702,320 42,702,320 100.0 1. Liabilities from primary insurance business 42,594,900 41,669,619 102.2
Profit reserves 232,006,882 204,069,370 113.7 2. Liabilities from reinsurance and co-insurance business 11,516,239 10,109,076 113.9
Fair value reserve -116,548,560 21,246,888 -548.5 3. Current income tax liabilities 2,097,764 3,004,684 69.8
Reserve due to fair value revaluation 2,093,462 1,300,871 160.9 Other liabilities 56,574,356 69,264,292 81.7
Retained earnings 142,589,630 116,166,406 122.7 Off-balance sheet items 108,587,402 92,483,933 117.4
Net profit or loss for the period 40,034,954 49,623,843 80.7
Translation reserve -3,255,565 -3,256,354 100.0 Disclosure of off-balance sheet items
Equity attributable to owners of the controlling company 411,479,499 503,709,720 229.5 Sava Insurance Group
Non-controlling interests in equity 471,870 367,298 128.5 EUR 2022 2021
Subordinated liabilities 74,924,356 74,863,524 0.0 Outstanding recourse receivables 30,003,944 28,366,399
Technical provisions 1,249,942,508 1,237,500,117 101.0 Receivables from the cancellation of subordinated financial instruments 37,960,300 37,960,300
Unearned premiums 229,798,730 207,022,452 111.0 Other potential receivables 1,891,582 1,672,497
Technical provisions for life insurance business 422,651,931 443,577,279 95.3 Contingent assets 69,855,826 67,999,196
Provision for outstanding claims 586,617,285 578,713,597 101.4
Other technical provisions 10,874,562 8,186,789 132.8 Sava Insurance Group
Technical provisions for the benefit of life insurance
policyholders who bear the investment risk
499,351,605 524,183,338 95.3 EUR 2022 2021
Other provisions 8,094,491 9,018,106 89.8 Guarantees issued 12,398,533 24,373,833
Deferred tax liabilities 3,648,160 11,387,395 32.0 Civil claims (lawsuits) 60,908 118,737
Contingent liabilities 12,459,441 24,492,570

Consolidated income statement

EUR 2022 2021 Index EUR 2022 2021 Index
Net premiums earned 701,377,709 686,574,317 102.2 Expenses for bonuses and rebates -302,347 -276,004 109.5
- Gross premiums written 774,134,291 729,898,408 106.1 Operating expenses, of which -228,329,299 -219,931,765 103.8
- Written premiums ceded to reinsurers and co-insurers -51,679,242 -46,115,953 112.1 - Acquisition costs -78,674,766 -79,610,600 98.8
- Change in unearned premiums -21,077,340 2,791,862 -755.0 Investment expenses -159,939,053 -31,008,847 515.8
Investment income 114,388,897 128,075,134 89.3 Other technical expenses -28,966,489 -26,947,444 107.5
Other technical income, of which 33,215,233 31,711,898 104.7 Other expenses -2,347,232 -2,466,335 95.2
- Commission income 9,749,076 8,640,223 112.8 Profit or loss before tax 83,983,208 93,535,270 89.8
Other income 30,482,774 27,037,764 112.7 Income tax expense -15,740,622 -17,368,092 90.6
Net claims incurred -419,716,183 -408,814,273 102.7 Net profit or loss for the period 68,242,586 76,167,178 89.6
- Gross claims payments -453,351,834 -406,908,665 111.4 Net profit or loss attributable to owners of the controlling 68,018,387 76,074,721 89.4
- Reinsurers' and co-insurers' shares 34,502,483 12,632,236 273.1 company
- Change in provision for outstanding claims -866,832 -14,537,844 6.0 Net profit or loss attributable to non-controlling interests 224,199 92,457 242.5
Change in other technical provisions 18,514,205 23,872,769 77.6 Basic earnings/loss per share 4.39 4.91 89.4
Change in technical provisions for policyholders who bear the
investment risk
24,319,262 -115,064,830 -21.1 Diluted earnings/loss per share 4.39 4.91 89.4

407

Consolidated statement of other comprehensive income

EUR 2022 2021 Index
A Technical account – non-life insurance business other than health insurance business
I. Net premiums earned 526,288,127 504,039,954 104.4
1. Gross premiums written 595,191,670 542,535,810 109.7
1.3
Gross written premiums from other companies
595,191,670 542,535,810 109.7
2. Premiums written for accepted co-insurance (+) 3,311,053 4,390,028 75.4
2.3
Assumed co-insurance premiums written from other companies
3,311,053 4,390,028 75.4
3. Ceded co-insurance premiums written (-) -1,625,937 -1,422,410 114.3
3.3
Ceded co-insurance premiums written for other companies
-1,625,937 -1,422,410 114.3
4. Gross reinsurance premiums written (-) -49,693,142 -44,320,582 112.1
4.3
Gross reinsurance premiums written for other companies
-49,693,142 -44,320,582 112.1
5. Change in gross unearned premiums (+/-) -21,766,862 3,490,369 -623.6
6. Change in unearned premiums, reinsurers' and co-insurers' shares (+/-) 871,345 -633,261 -137.6
II. Allocated investment return transferred from the non-technical account (item D VIII) 26,768 26,315 101.7
III. Other net technical income 3,379,995 2,637,810 128.1
1.3 Other net technical income for other companies 3,379,995 2,637,810 128.1
IV. Net claims incurred 304,124,923 286,158,871 106.3
1. Gross claims payments 343,873,025 290,651,472 118.3
1.3
Gross claims payments for other companies
343,873,025 290,651,472 118.3
2. Income from realised gross recourse receivables (-) -8,233,918 -7,767,254 106.0
3. Co-insurers' shares paid (+/-) 4,133,712 3,678,151 112.4
3.3
Co-insurers' shares paid for other companies
4,133,712 3,678,151 112.4
4. Reinsurers' shares paid (-) -38,583,401 -16,245,259 237.5
4.3
Reinsurers' shares paid for other companies
-38,583,401 -16,245,259 237.5
5. Change in the gross claims provision (+/-) 8,548,011 31,917,864 26.8
6. Change in the provision for outstanding claims, reinsurers' and co-insurers' shares (+/-) -5,612,506 -16,076,103 34.9

2022 2021 Index
526,288,127 504,039,954 104.4
595,191,670 542,535,810 109.7
595,191,670 542,535,810 109.7
3,311,053 4,390,028 75.4
3,311,053 4,390,028 75.4
-1,625,937 -1,422,410 114.3
-1,625,937 -1,422,410 114.3
-49,693,142 -44,320,582 112.1
-49,693,142 -44,320,582 112.1
-21,766,862 3,490,369 -623.6
871,345 -633,261 -137.6
26,768 26,315 101.7
3,379,995 2,637,810 128.1
3,379,995 2,637,810 128.1
304,124,923 286,158,871 106.3
343,873,025 290,651,472 118.3
343,873,025 290,651,472 118.3
-8,233,918 -7,767,254 106.0
4,133,/12 3,678,151 112.4
4,133,712 3,678,151 112.4
-38,583,401 -16,245,259 237.5
-38,583,401 -16,245,259 237.5
8,548,011 31,917,864 26.8
-5,612,506 -16,076,103 34.9

2072 2021 Index
2,226,940 -1,381,815 -161.2
302,347 276,004 109.5
302,347 276,004 109.5
179,538,038 172,447,298 104.1
6/,607,950 64,857,904 104.2
-2,549,488 1,714,252 -148.7
124,139,386 114,411,752 108.5
7,952,575 8,723,287 91.2
75,011,512 70,344,449 106.6
ght contracts and 792,563 706,501 112.2
40,382,736 34,637,515 116.6
- 1 -3 33.3
40,382,737 34,637,518 116.6
-9,659,810 -8,536,610 113.2
-9,659,810 -8,536,610 113.2
10,338,204 9,083,964 113.8
4,368,179 4,159,100 105.0
1,907,638 1,056,921 180.5
4,062,387 3,867,943 105.0
33,164,438 40,119,757 32.7
175,089,582 182,534,363 95.9
175,459,278 182,972,412 95.9
172,290 158
-13,782 -15,812 87.2

EUR 2022 2021 Index
4.
Gross reinsurance premiums written (-)
-346,381 -357,149 97.0
4.3
Gross reinsurance premiums written for other companies
-346,381 -357,149 97.0
5.
Change in gross unearned premiums (+/-)
-180,828 -64,495 280.4
6.
Change in unearned premiums for the reinsurance part (+/-)
-995 -751 132.5
II. Investment income 15,167,182 18,232,469 83.2
1.
Income from participating interests
729,116 1,145,796 63.6
1.3. Income from participating interests in other companies 729,116 1,145,796 63.6
2.
Income from other investments
10,632,717 11,529,191 92.2
2.2. Interest income 9,920,801 10,810,403 91.8
- in other companies 9,920,801 10,810,403 91.8
2.3. Other investment income 711,916 718,788 99.0
2.3.1. Financial income from revaluation 498,116 706,093 70.6
- in other companies 498,116 706,093 70.6
2.3.2. Other finance income 213,800 12,695 1684.1
- in other companies 213,800 12,695 1684.1
4.
Gains on disposal of investments
3,805,349 5,557,482 68.5
III. Net unrealised gains on investments of life insurance policyholders who bear the investment risk 70,872,774 87,404,487 81.1
IV. Other net technical income 4,676,818 4,233,922 0.0
V. Net claims incurred 115,591,260 122,655,402 94.2
1.
Gross claims payments
117,712,727 124,024,447 94.9
3.
Reinsurers' shares paid (-)
-52,794 -65,128 81.1
3.3
Reinsurers' shares paid for other companies
-52,794 -65,128 81.1
4.
Change in the gross claims provision (+/-)
-2,025,719 -1,456,429 139.1
5.
Change in the provision for outstanding claims for reinsurance (+/-)
-42,954 152,512 -28.2
VI. Change in diverse other net technical provisions (+/-) -45,060,407 92,573,876 -48.7
1.
Change in mathematical provision
-45,060,407 92,573,876 -48.7

2022 2021 Index
-346,381 -357,149 97.0
-346,381 -35/,149 97.0
-180,828 -64,495 280.4
=995 -751 132.5
15,167,182 18,232,469 83.2
729,116 1,145,796 63.6
729,116 1,145,796 63.6
10,632,717 11,529,191 92.2
9,920,801 10,810,403 91.8
9,920,801 10,810,403 91.8
711,916 718,788 99.0
498,116 706,093 70.6
498,116 706,093 70.6
213,800 12,695 1684.1
213,800 12,695 1684.1
3,805,349 5,557,482 68.5
70,872,774 87,404,487 81.1
4,676,818 4,233,922 0.0
115,591,260 122,655,402 94.2
117,712,727 124,024,447 94.9
-52,794 -65,128 81.1
-52,794 -65,128 81.1
-2,025,719 -1,456,429 139.1
-42,954 152,512 -28.2
-45,060,407 92,573,876 -48.7
-45,060,407 92,573,876 -48.7

EUR 2022 2021 Index
1.1. Change in the gross mathematical provision (+/-) -45,060,407 92,573,876 -48.7
VIII. Net operating expenses 39,042,185 38,844,244 100.5
1.
Acquisition costs
14,080,751 12,826,315 109.8
2.
Change in deferred acquisition costs (+/-)
-464,447 212,129 -219.0
3.
Other operating expenses
25,515,147 25,909,413 98.5
3.1.
Depreciation/amortisation of operating assets
1,321,894 1,384,767 95.5
3.2.
Personnel costs
14,721,326 15,295,438 96.3
3.3. Costs of services by natural persons not performing business (costs relating to contracts for services, copyright contracts and
relating to other legal relationships), incl. of contributions
183,132 131,039 139.8
3.4.
Other operating expenses
9,288,795 9,098,169 102.1
3.1.4
Other operating expenses for other companies
9,288,795 9,098,169 102.1
4.
Income from reinsurance commission and reinsurance contract profit participation (-)
-89,266 -103,613 86.2
4.3
Income from reinsurance commission for other companies
-89,266 -103,613 86.2
IX. Investment expenses 2,133,828 307.2
1.
Depreciation of investments not necessary for operations
1,342 1,342 100.0
2.
Asset management expenses, interest expenses and other financial expenses
2,552,169 1,171,510 217.9
2.3
Asset management expenses, interest expenses and other financial expenses for other companies
2,552,169 1,171,510 217.9
3.
Financial expenses from revaluation
3,074,731 699,536 439.5
4.
Losses on disposal of investments
926,105 261,440 354.2
X. Net unrealised losses on investments of life insurance policyholders who bear the investment risk 131,554,909 18,685,384 704.1
XI. Other net technical expenses 1,902,629 1,846,715 103.0
2.
Other net technical expenses
1,902,629 1,846,715 103.0
XII. Allocated investment return transferred to the non-technical account (item D V) (-) 40 9 444.4
XIII. Balance on the technical account – life business (I+II+III+IV-V+VI-VII-VIII-IX-X-XI-XII) 15,665,783 103.6
C. Non-technical account
I. Balance on the technical account – non-life business (A X) 40,119,757 82.7

II.
Balance on the technical account – life business (B XIII)
16,221,393
15,665,783
III.
Investment income
31,000,701
24,559,238
1.
Income from participating interests
1,925,742
1,474,692
1.2. Income from shares in associates
1,285,731
772,886
1.3. Income from participating interests in other companies
640,011
701,806
2.
Income from other investments
25,883,938
20,855,735
2.1. Income from land and buildings
1,366,029
1,348,174
- in other companies
1,366,029
1,348,174
2.2. Interest income
6,479,636
6,032,346
- in Group companies
1,291
-607
- in other companies
6,478,345
6,032,953
2.3. Other investment income
18,038,273
13,475,215
2.3.1. Financial income from revaluation
15,924,747
11,625,924
- in other companies
15,924,747
11,625,924
2.3.2. Other finance income
2,113,526
1,849,291
- in other companies
2,113,526
1,849,291
4.
Gains on disposal of investments
3,191,021
2,228,811
V.
Allocated investment return transferred to the technical account, life insurance (B XII)
40
9
VII.
Investment expenses
22,141,091
10,461,216
1.
Depreciation of investments not necessary for operations
309,952
270,239
2.
Asset management expenses, interest expenses and other financial expenses
3,184,156
3,132,031
2.3
Asset management expenses, interest expenses and other financial expenses for other companies
3,184,156
3,132,031
3.
Financial expenses from revaluation
18,220,505
6,989,680
4.
Losses on disposal of investments
426,478
69,266
VIII.
Allocated investment return transferred to the technical account for non-life business other than health business (A II)
26,768
26,315
IX
Other technical income
15,409,344
16,199,943
EUR 2022 2021 Index
103.5
126.2
130.6
166.4
91.2
124.1
101.3
101.3
107.4
-212.7
107.4
133.9
137.0
137.0
114.3
114.3
143.2
444.4
211.7
114.7
101.7
101.7
260.7
615.7
101.7
95.1

EUR 2022 2021 Index
1.
Other income from non-life business other than health business
15,266,317 16,075,470 95.0
2.
Other income from life business
143,027 124,473 114.9
X. Other technical expenses 16,725,656 16,016,765 104.4
1.
Other expenses for non-life business other than health business
16,242,154 15,800,618 102.8
2.
Other expenses for life business
483,502 216,147 223.7
XI. Other income 29,116,745 25,689,590 113.3
1.
Other non-life income
21,573,097 19,100,641 112.9
2.
Other expenses for life business
7,543,648 6,588,949 114.5
XII. Other expenses 2,035,938 2,194,754 92.8
1.
Other non-life expenses
1,931,310 2,114,792 91.3
2.
Other expenses for life business
104,628 79,962 130.9
XIII. Profit/loss for the year before tax (I+II+III+IV+V+VI-VII-VIII+IX-X+XI-XII) 83,983,208 93,535,270 89.8
1.
Profit or loss for the period for non-life business
60,663,230 71,452,165 84.9
2.
Profit/loss for the period for life business
23,319,978 22,083,105 105.6
XIV. Tax on profit 15,293,426 17,256,844 88.6
1.2. Tax on profit for life business 4,708,191 17,256,844 27.3
XV. Deferred tax 447,196 111,248 402.0
1.2. Deferred tax for life business -463,059 111,248 -416.2
XVI. Net profit or loss for the period (XIII-XIV+XV) 68,242,586 76,167,178 89.6
Disaggregation of profit or loss
- From non-life insurance business 49,167,740 57,934,671 84.9
- From life business 19,074,846 18,232,507 104.6
D. Calculation of comprehensive income
I. Profit/loss for the year, net of tax 68,242,586 76,167,178 89.6
II. Other comprehensive gain, net of tax (1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10) -137,011,233 -18,581,762 737.3
a) Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss 792,535 336,546 235.5

Index 2021 2072
95.0 16,075,470 15,266,317
114.9 124,473 143,027
104.4 16,016,765 16,725,656
102.8 15,800,618 16,242,154
223.7 216,147 483,502
113.3 25,689,590 29,116,745
112.9 19,100,641 21,573,097
114.5 6,588,949 7,543,648
92.8 2,194,754 2,035,938
91.3 2,114,792 1,931,310
130.9 79,962 104,628
89.8 93,535,270 83,983,208
84.9 71,452,165 60,663,230
105.6 22,083,105 23,319,978
88.6 17,256,844 15,293,426
27.3 17,256,844 4,708,191
402.0 111,248 447,196
-416.2 111,248 -463,059
89.6 76,167,178 68,242,586
84.9 57,934,671 49,167,740
104.6 18,232,507 19,074,846
89.6 76,167,178 68,242,586
737.3 -18,581,762 -137,011,233
235.5 336,546 792,535

EUR 2022 2021 Index
5. Other items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss 946,933 335,805 282.0
6. Tax on items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss -154,398 741 -20836.4
b) Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss -137,803,768 -18,918,308 728.4
1. Net gains or losses on remeasuring available-for-sale financial assets -168,628,558 -23,140,493 728.7
4. Tax on items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss 30,824,325 4,212,448 731.7
5. Exchange differences on translating foreign operations 465 9,737 4.8
III. Total comprehensive income (I + II) -68,768,647 57,585,416 -119.4

2022 2021 Index
946,933 335,805 282.0
-154,398 741 -20836.4
-137,803,768 -18,918,308 728.4
-168,628,558 -23,140,493 728.7
30,824,325 4,212,448 731.7
465 9,737 4.8
-68,768,647 57,585,416 -119.4

Consolidated statement of cash flows

EUR 2022 2021 Index
A. Cash flows from operating activities
a) Items of the income statement 98,843,333 94,093,643 105.0
1. Net premiums written in the period 722,455,049 683,782,455 105.7
2. Investment income (other than finance income) 2,328,822 1,862,472 125.0
3. Other operating income (excl. revaluation income and releases from provisions) and finance income from operating receivables 52,264,295 45,958,161 113.7
4. Net claims payments in the period -418,849,351 -394,276,429 106.2
5. Expenses for bonuses and rebates -302,347 -276,004 109.5
6. Net operating expenses excl. depreciation/amortisation and change in deferred acquisition costs -222,081,229 -207,897,330 106.8
7. Investment expenses (excluding amortisation and financial expenses) -2,516,148 -1,174,605 214.2
8. Other operating expenses excl. depreciation/amortisation (other than for revaluation and excl. additions to provisions) -18,715,136 -16,516,985 113.3
9. Tax on profit and other taxes not included in operating expenses -15,740,622 -17,368,092 90.6
b) Changes in net operating assets (premium receivables, other receivables, other assets and deferred tax assets/liabilities) of operating
items of the income statement
-44,081,008 26,900,019 -163.9
1. Change in receivables from primary insurance -15,206,933 6,740,865 -225.6
2. Change in receivables from reinsurance -3,683,636 -3,022,589 121.9
3. Change in other receivables from (re)insurance business 466,499 -476,290 -97.9
4. Change in other receivables and other assets -9,881,503 2,251,177 -438.9
5. Change in deferred tax assets -22,456,284 -562,584 3.991.6
6. Change in inventories -14,349 1,377 -1.042.0
7. Change in liabilities arising out of primary insurance 925,281 -4,600,214 -20.1
8. Change in liabilities arising out of reinsurance business 1,407,163 3,271,917 43.0
9. Change in other operating liabilities 9,104,155 12,040,513 75.6
10. Change in other liabilities (except unearned premiums) 2,997,834 14,770,027 20.3
11. Change in deferred tax liabilities -7,739,235 -3,514,180 220.2
c) Net cash from/used in operating activities (a + b) 54,762,325 120,993,662 45.3

20222 2021 Index
98,843,333 94,093,643 105.0
722,455,049 683,782,455 105.7
2,328,822 1,862,472 125.0
erating receivables 52,264,295 45,958,161 113.7
-418,849,351 -394,276,429 106.2
-302,347 -276,004 109.5
-222,081,229 -207,897,330 106.8
-2,516,148 -1,174,605 214.2
rovisions) -18,715,136 -16,516,985 113.3
-15,740,622 -17,368,092 90.6
ities) of operating -44,081,008 26,900,019 -163.9
-15,206,933 6,740,865 -225.6
-3,683,636 -3,022,589 121.9
466,499 -476,290 -97.9
-9,881,503 2,251,177 -438.9
-22,456,284 -562,584 3.991.6
-14,349 1,377 -1.042.0
925,281 -4,600,214 -20.1
1,407,163 3,271,917 43.0
9,104,155 12,040,513 75.6
2,997,834 14,770,027 20.3
-7,739,235 -3,514,180 220.2
54,762,325 120,993,662 45.3

EUR 2022 2021 Index
B. Cash flows from investing activities
a) Cash receipts from investing activities 380,529,252 681,772,670 55.8
1.
Interest received from investing activities
21,310,944 22,902,040 93.1
2.
Cash receipts from dividends and participation in the profit of others
1,255,291 1,847,602 67.9
3.
Proceeds from sale of intangible assets
21,137 1,310,598 1.6
4.
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment assets
6,790,751 1,548,925 438.4
5.
Proceeds from disposal of financial investments
351,151,129 654,163,505 53.7
5.1
Proceeds from disposal of subsidiaries and other companies
1,000,000 0 -
5.2. Other proceeds from disposal of financial investments 350,151,129 654,163,505 53.5
b) Cash disbursements in investing activities -402,149,557 -778,792,089 51.6
1.
Purchase of intangible assets
-5,515,155 -6,728,193 82.0
2.
Purchase of property, plant and equipment
-14,852,976 -11,220,649 132.4
3.
Purchase of long-term financial investments
-381,781,426 -760,843,247 50.2
3.1.
Purchase of subsidiaries or other companies
0 -5,032,579 -
3.2. Other disbursements to acquire financial investments -381,781,426 -755,810,668 50.5
c) Net cash from/used in investing activities (a + b) -21,620,305 -97,019,419 22.3
C. Cash flows from financing activities
a) Cash receipts from financing activities 2,199,841 1,866,213 117.9
2.
Proceeds from long-term borrowing
2,199,841 1,866,213 117.9
b) Cash disbursements in financing activities -30,755,075 -20,651,372 148.9
1.
Interest paid
-2,919,213 -2,893,735 100.9
3.
Repayment of long-term financial liabilities
-4,478,860 -4,517,330 99.1
5.
Dividends and other profit participations paid
-23,357,002 -13,240,307 176.4
c) Net cash from/used in financing activities (a + b) -28,555,234 -18,785,159 152.0
C2. Closing balance of cash and cash equivalents 93,234,465 88,647,678 105.2
x) Net increase or decrease in cash and cash equivalents for the period (Ac + Bc + Cc) 4,586,787 5,189,084 88.4
y) Opening balance of cash and cash equivalents 88,647,678 83,458,594 106.2

Appendix C – Financial statements of Sava Re pursuant to requirements of the Insurance Supervision Agency

Statement of financial position

EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 Index EUR 31 Dec 2022 31 Dec 2021 Index
ASSETS (A–F) 863,105,571 832,078,756 103.7 EQUITY AND LIABILITIES (A–H) 863,105,571 832,078,756 103.7
A. Intangible assets 4,068,384 3,194,031 127.4 A. Equity 381,861,203 371,166,000 102.9
B. Property, plant and equipment 2,874,069 2,669,091 107.7 1. Share capital 71,856,376 71,856,376 100.0
D. Deferred tax assets 8,610,373 3,688,957 233.4 2. Capital reserves 54,239,757 54,239,757 100.0
E. Investment property 7,721,693 7,899,693 97.8 3. Profit reserves 232,283,349 204,299,913 113.7
F. Financial investments in Group companies and associates, of 322,935,793 324,129,991 99.6 4. Fair value reserve -18,461,344 3,619,684 -510.0
which 5. Reserve due to fair value revaluation 152,447 96,544 157.9
G. Financial investments 333,328,717 327,784,595 101.7 6. Retained earnings 13,807,182 10,633,662 129.8
-
in loans and deposits
12,175,362 12,183,310 99.9 7. Net profit or loss for the period 27,983,436 26,420,064 105.9
-
held to maturity
2,075,395 2,816,979 73.7 B. Subordinated liabilities 74,924,356 74,863,524 100.1
-
available for sale
313,703,700 303,501,261 103.4 C. Technical provisions 347,000,232 331,812,724 104.6
-
measured at fair value
5,374,259 9,283,045 57.9 1. Unearned premiums 52,992,395 52,775,034 100.4
I. Amount of technical provisions transferred to reinsurers and
co-insurers
55,484,147 48,486,444 114.4 3. Provision for outstanding claims 292,973,124 278,281,619 105.3
K. Receivables 91,271,934 79,803,172 114.4 4. Other technical provisions 1,034,713 756,071 136.9
1.
Receivables arising out of primary insurance business
82,025,975 74,410,185 110.2 E. Other provisions 392,640 421,865 93.1
Receivables arising out of reinsurance and co-insurance 8,976,477 G. Deferred tax liabilities 771,533 76,227 1012.2
2.
business
5,125,596 175.1 J. Liabilities from operating activities 49,649,234 46,543,595 106.7
3.
Current tax assets
49,594 0 - 1. Liabilities from primary insurance business 41,725,833 39,556,034 105.5
4.
Other receivables
219,888 267,390 82.2 2. Liabilities from reinsurance and co-insurance business 7,877,987 6,592,809 119.5
L. Other assets 12,884,432 5,615,963 229.4 3. Current income tax liabilities 45,414 394,752 11.5
M. Cash and cash equivalents 23,926,029 28,806,817 83.1 K. Other liabilities 8,506,373 7,194,821 118.2
N. Off-balance sheet items 14,654,779 18,554,794 79.0 L. Off-balance sheet items 14,654,778 18,554,794 79.0

EUR 2022 2021 Index
Net premiums earned 165,480,370 162,736,587 101.7
- Gross premiums written 199,405,329 190,051,724 104.9
- Written premiums ceded to reinsurers and co-insurers -34,948,870 -31,488,119 111.0
- Change in unearned premiums 1,023,912 4,172,982 24.5
Income from investments in associated companies, of this 51,923,025 50,417,783 103.0
Other income from investments in subsidiaries and associates 51,923,025 50,417,783 103.0
Investment income 7,584,599 9,902,249 76.6
Interest income 3,004,885 2,569,728 116.9
Other investment income 4,579,714 7,332,521 62.5
Other technical income, of which 5,684,008 5,824,719 97.6
- Commission income 5,230,850 4,870,965 107.4
- Other technical income 453,158 953,754 47.5
Other income 995,363 834,088 119.3
Disclosure of off-balance sheet items EUR 2022 2021 Index
Sava Re Net claims incurred -106,217,717 -111,592,756 95.2
EUR 2022 2021 - Gross claims payments -129,236,023 -99,242,817 130.2
Receivables from the cancellation of subordinated financial instruments 10,038,000 10,038,000 - Reinsurers' and co-insurers' shares 31,953,381 9,926,605 321.9
Other potential receivables 244,026 24,941 - Change in provision for outstanding claims -8,935,075 -22,276,544 40.1
Contingent assets 10,282,026 10,062,941 Change in other technical provisions -190,091 723,394 -26.3
Expenses for bonuses and rebates -88,551 1,643 -5,388.8
Operating expenses, of which -60,164,284 -61,268,096 98.2
Sava Re - Acquisition costs -44,149,728 -46,212,625 95.5
EUR 2022 2021 - Other operating expenses -16,014,556 -15,055,471 106.4
Guarantees issued 4,372,752 8,491,853 Expenses for investments in subsidiary and associate companies -1,188,202 0 -
Contingent liabilities 4,372,752 8,491,853 Impairment losses -1,188,202 0 -
Investment expenses, of this -4,807,876 -3,239,801 148.4
Income statement Interest expense -2,907,055 -2,898,715 100.3
Other investment expenses -1,900,820 -341,086 557.3
EUR 2022 2021 Index Other technical expenses -1,406,373 -464,594 302.7
Net premiums earned 165,480,370 162,736,587 101.7 Other expenses -319,386 -269,002 118.7
- Gross premiums written 199,405,329 190,051,724 104.9 Profit or loss before tax 57,284,886 53,606,214 106.9
- Written premiums ceded to reinsurers and co-insurers -34,948,870 -31,488,119 111.0 Income tax expense -1,318,014 -766,086 172.0
- Change in unearned premiums 1,023,912 4,172,982 24.5 Net profit or loss for the period 55,966,872 52,840,127 105.9
Income from investments in associated companies, of this 51,923,025 50,417,783 103.0 Basic earnings/loss per share 3.61 3.41 105.92
Other income from investments in subsidiaries and associates 51,923,025 50,417,783 103.0 Diluted earnings/loss per share 3.61 3.41 105.92

Statement of other comprehensive income

EUR 2022 2021 Index
A Technical account – non-life insurance business other than health insurance business
I. Net premiums earned 165,480,369 162,736,585 101.7
1.
Gross premiums written
199,405,328 190,051,723 104.9
4.
Gross reinsurance premiums written (-)
-34,948,870 -31,488,119 111.0
5.
Change in gross unearned premiums (+/-)
-217,362 4,636,074 -4.7
6.
Change in unearned premiums, reinsurers' and co-insurers' shares (+/-)
1,241,273 -463,093 -268.0
II. Allocated investment return transferred from the non-technical account (item D VIII) 5,127,155 8,753,062 58.6
IV. Net claims incurred 106,217,717 111,592,755 95.2
1.
Gross claims payments
130,104,739 100,304,678 129.7
2.
Income from realised gross recourse receivables (-)
-868,715 -1,061,861 81.8
4.
Reinsurers' shares paid (-)
-31,953,381 -9,926,605 321.9
5.
Change in the gross claims provision (+/-)
14,691,505 39,290,966 37.4
6.
Change in the provision for outstanding claims, reinsurers' and co-insurers' shares (+/-)
-5,756,430 -17,014,422 33.8
V. Change in other net technical provisions (+/-) -190,091 723,394 -26.3
VI. Net expenses for bonuses and rebates 88,551 -1,643 -5388.8
VII. Net operating expenses 54,933,437 56,397,131 97.4
1.
Acquisition costs
48,083,564 45,244,305 106.3
2.
Change in deferred acquisition costs (+/-)
-3,933,836 968,321 -406.3
3.
Other operating expenses
16,014,559 15,055,471 106.4
3.1.
Depreciation/amortisation of operating assets
543,794 561,935 96.8
3.2.
Personnel costs
9,969,809 9,806,405 101.7
3.3. Costs of services by natural persons not performing business (costs relating to contracts for services, copyright contracts and
relating to other legal relationships), incl. of contributions
327,662 324,245 101.1
3.4.
Other operating expenses
5,173,294 4,362,886 118.6
4.
Income from reinsurance commission and reinsurance contract profit participation (-)
-5,230,850 -4,870,965 107.4

2022 2021 Index
165,480,369 162,736,585 101.7
199,405,328 190,051,723 104.9
-34,948,870 -31,488,119 111.0
-217,362 4,636,074 -4.7
1,241,273 -463,093 -268.0
5,127,155 8,753,062 58.6
106,217,717 111,592,755 95.2
130,104,739 100,304,678 129.7
-868,715 -1,061,861 81.8
-31,953,381 -9,926,605 321.9
14,691,505 39,290,966 37.4
-5,756,430 -1/,014,422 33.8
-190,091 723,394 -26.3
88,551 -1,643 -5388.8
54,933,437 56,397,131 97.4
48,083,564 45,244,305 106.3
-3,933,836 968,321 -406.3
16,014,559 15,055,471 106.4
543,794 561,935 96.8
9,969,809 9,806,405 101.7
ght contracts and 327,662 324,245 101.1
5,173,294 4,362,886 118.6
-5,230,850 -4,870,965 107.4

EUR 2022 2021 Index
VIII. Other net technical expenses 275,581 277,953 99.2
1.
Expenses for loss prevention activities
6 12 49.5
3.
Other net technical expenses
275,575 277,941 99.2
IX. Balance on the technical account – non-life business other than health business (I+II+III-IV+V-VI-VII-VIII) 8,902,147 3,946,846 225.6
C. Non-technical account
I. Balance on the technical account – non-life business other than health business (A X) 8,902,147 3,946,846 225.6
III. Investment income 73,505,054 66,958,197 109.8
1.
Income from participating interests
52,381,099 50,936,381 102.8
1.1. Income from participating interests in Group companies 51,923,025 50,417,783 103.0
1.3. Income from participating interests in other companies 458,074 518,598 88.3
2.
Income from other investments
19,486,924 14,091,914 138.3
2.1. Income from land and buildings 829,030 784,325 105.7
- in Group companies 1,196 1,196 100.0
- in other companies 827,834 783,129 105.7
2.2. Interest income 3,004,885 2,569,728 116.9
- in Group companies 87,811 73,177 120.0
- in other companies 2,917,074 2,496,550 116.8
2.3. Other investment income 15,653,009 10,737,861 145.8
2.3.1. Financial income from revaluation 14,996,133 10,040,886 149.4
- in other companies 14,996,133 10,040,886 149.4
2.3.2. Other finance income 656,876 696,975 94.3
- in other companies 656,876 696,975 94.3
4.
Gains on disposal of investments
1,637,031 1,929,903 84.8
V. Investment expenses 19,305,760 9,235,403 209.0
1.
Depreciation of investments not necessary for operations
141,282 141,761 99.7

Index 2021 2072
99.2 277,953 275,581
49.5 12 6
99.2 277,941 275,575
225.6 3,946,846 8,902,147
225.6 3,946,846 8,902,147
109.8 66,958,197 73,505,054
102.8 50,936,381 52,381,099
103.0 50,417,783 51,923,025
88.3 518,598 458,074
138.3 14,091,914 19,486,924
105.7 784,325 829,030
100.0 1,196 1,196
105.7 783,129 827,834
116.9 2,569,728 3,004,885
120.0 73,177 87,811
116.8 2,496,550 2,917,074
145.8 10,737,861 15,653,009
149.4 10,040,886 14,996,133
149.4 10,040,886 14,996,133
94.3 696,975 656,876
94.3 696,975 656,876
84.8 1,929,903 1,637,031
209.0 9,235,403 19,305,760
99.7 141,761 141,282

EUR 2022 2021 Index
2.
Asset management expenses, interest expenses and other financial expenses
2,909,171 2,900,022 100.3
3.
Financial expenses from revaluation
16,035,623 6,161,660 0.0
4.
Losses on disposal of investments
219,684 31,960 687.4
VI. Allocated investment return transferred to the technical account for non-life business other than health business (A II) 5,127,155 8,753,062 58.6
VII. Other technical income 11,345,938 12,944,301 87.7
1.
Other income from non-life business other than health business
11,345,938 12,944,301 87.7
VIII. Other technical expenses 12,023,572 12,177,188 98.7
1.
Other expenses for non-life business other than health business
12,023,572 12,177,188 98.7
IX. Other income 166,332 49,763 334.3
1.
Other non-life income
166,332 49,763 334.3
X. Other expenses 178,098 127,241 140.0
1.
Other non-life expenses
178,098 127,241 140.0
XI. Profit or loss for the year before tax (I+II+III+IV-V-VI+VII-VIII+IX-X) 57,284,886 53,606,213 106.9
1.
Profit or loss for the period for non-life business
57,284,886 53,606,213 106.9
XIV. Tax on profit 364,623 400,027 91.2
1.1. Tax on profit from non-life business 364,623 400,027 91.2
XV. Deferred tax 953,391 366,058 260.5
1.1. Deferred tax for non-life business 953,391 366,058 260.5
XVI. Net profit or loss for the period (XIII-XIV+XV) 55,966,872 52,840,128 105.9
Disaggregation of profit or loss
- From non-life insurance business 55,966,872 52,840,127 105.9
D. Calculation of comprehensive income
I. Net profit or loss for the year 55,966,872 52,840,128 105.9
II. Other comprehensive gain, net of tax (1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+) -22,025,125 -2,370,146 929.3
a)
Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss
55,904 49,958 111.9

2022 2021 Index
2,909,171 2,900,022 100.3
16,035,623 6,161,660 0.0
219,684 31,960 687.4
5,127,155 8,753,062 58.6
11,345,938 12,944,301 87.7
11,345,938 12,944,301 87.7
12,023,572 12,177,188 98.7
12,023,572 12,177,188 98.7
166,332 49,763 334.3
166,332 49,763 334.3
178,098 127,241 140.0
178,098 127,241 140.0
57,284,886 53,606,213 106.9
57,284,886 53,606,213 106.9
364,623 400,027 91.2
364,623 400,027 91.2
953,391 366,058 260.5
953,391 366,058 260.5
55,966,872 52,840,128 105.9
55,966,872 52,840,127 105.9
55,966,872 52,840,128 105.9
-22,025,125 -2,370,146 929.3
55,904 49,958 111.9

EUR 2022 2021 Index
5. Other items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss 55,904 49,958 111.9
b) Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss -22,081,029 -2,420,104 912.4
1. Net gains/losses on remeasuring available-for-sale financial assets -27,260,529 -2,987,782 912.4
5. Tax on items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss 5,179,500 567,678 912.4
EUR 2022 2021 Index
5. Other items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss 55,904 49,958 111.9
b) Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss -22,081,029 -2,420,104 912.4
1. Net gains/losses on remeasuring available-for-sale financial assets -27,260,529 -2,987,782 912.4
5. Tax on items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss 5,179,500 567,678 912.4
III. Comprehensive income for the year, net of tax (I + II) 33,941,747 50,469,982 67.3

Cash flow statement

EUR 2022 2021 Index
A. Cash flows from operating activities
a.) Items of the income statement 11,857,319 15,367,296 77.2
1.
Net premiums written in the period
164,456,459 158,563,605 103.7
2.
Investment income (other than finance income)
0 696,975 -
3.
Other operating income (excl. revaluation income and releases from provisions) and finance income from operating receivables
829,702 6,658,807 12.5
4.
Net claims payments in the period
-97,194,091 -89,316,212 108.8
5.
Expenses for bonuses and rebates
-88,551 1,643 -5.388.8
6.
Net operating expenses excl. depreciation/amortisation and change in deferred acquisition costs
-54,389,640 -59,737,841 91.0
8.
Other operating expenses excl. depreciation/amortisation (other than for revaluation and excl. additions to provisions)
-438,544 -733,596 59.8
9.
Tax on profit and other taxes not included in operating expenses
-1,318,014 -766,086 172.0
b.) Changes in net operating assets (premium receivables, other receivables, other assets and deferred tax assets/liabilities) of operating
items of the statement of financial position
-13,197,822 11,612,299 -113.7
1.
Change in receivables from primary insurance
-6,864,683 5,252,723 -130.7
2.
Change in receivables from reinsurance
-4,599,225 -664,429 692.2
4.
Change in other receivables and other assets
-8,243,794 2,868,700 -287.4
5.
Change in deferred tax assets
953,391 0 -
7.
Change in liabilities arising out of primary insurance
0 -1,009,856 -

EUR 2022 2021 Index
8.
Change in liabilities arising out of reinsurance business
3,455,268 1,769,265 195.3
9.
Change in other operating liabilities
2,045,319 2,711,773 75.4
10.
Change in other liabilities (except unearned premiums)
55,903 289,371 19.3
11.
Change in deferred tax liabilities
0 394,752 -
c.) Net cash from/used in operating activities (a + b) -1,340,503 26,979,595 -5.0
B. Cash flows from investing activities
a.) Cash receipts from investing activities 138,885,341 151,978,637 91.4
1.
Interest received from investing activities
3,679,026 3,649,817 100.8
2.
Cash receipts from dividends and participation in the profit of others
52,381,099 50,936,381 102.8
4.
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment assets
107,892 16,416 657.2
5.
Proceeds from disposal of financial investments
82,717,324 97,376,023 84.9
b.) Cash disbursements in investing activities -116,254,278 -161,168,166 72.1
1.
Purchase of intangible assets
-1,120,721 -2,048,184 54.7
2.
Purchase of property, plant and equipment
-318,754 -137,395 232.0
3.
Purchase of financial investments
-114,814,803 -158,982,587 72.2
c.) Net cash from/used in investing activities (a + b) 22,631,063 -9,189,529 -246.3
C. Cash flows from financing activities
b.) Cash disbursements in financing activities -26,171,348 -16,063,395 162.9
1.
Interest paid
-35,165 -2,838,770 1.2
3.
Repayment of long-term financial liabilities
-2,889,639 -51,584 5.601.8
5.
Dividends and other profit participations paid
-23,246,544 -13,173,042 -
c.) Net cash from/used in financing activities (a + b) -26,171,348 -16,063,395 162.9
C2. Closing balance of cash and cash equivalents 23,926,029 28,806,817 83.1
x) Net increase or decrease in cash and cash equivalents for the period (Ac + Bc + Cc) -4,880,788 1,726,671 -282.7
y) Opening balance of cash and cash equivalents 28,806,817 27,080,146 106.4

Appendix C2 – Glossary of selected terms and calculation methods for indicators

percentage of the weighted average number of shares outstanding.

Accounting currency. A local currency used in the accounting documentation. Reinsurance contracts may be accounted for in various accounting currencies. Generally, this is the currency of liabilities and receivables due from cedants, and hence also the reinsurer. Administrative expense ratio. Operating expenses, net of acquisition costs and the change in deferred acquisition costs, as a percentage of gross premiums written. Associate entity. An entity over which the investor has significant influence (the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions) and that is neither a subsidiary nor an interest in a joint venture. Book value per share. Ratio of total equity to weighted average number of shares outstanding. Business continuity plan. Document that includes procedures for ensuring the continuous operation of key business processes and systems. The contingency plan is an integral part of the business continuity plan and sets out technical and organisational measures to restore operations and mitigate the consequences of severe business disruptions. BVAL price (Bloomberg valuation). Price obtained from the Bloomberg information system. Capital fund. Assets representing the capital of the Company. CBBT price (Composite Bloomberg Bond Trader). Closing price published by the Bloomberg system based on binding bids. Cedant, cede, cession. A cedant is the client of a reinsurance company. To cede is to transfer part of any risk an insurer has underwritten to a reinsurer. The part thus transferred to any reinsurer is called a cession. Claims inflation. The change in the expected claims cost level over time. This includes the cost for an individual claim (severity effects), but also changes in the likelihood of claiming (frequency effects). CODM (chief operating decision maker) may refer to a person responsible for monitoring an operating segment or to a group of persons responsible for allocating resources, and monitoring and assessing performance. Composite insurance company. Insurer that writes both life and non-life business. Comprehensive income. Comprehensive income is made up of two parts. The first part is net profit for the period net of tax as in the income statement; the second part is other comprehensive income for the period, net of tax, comprising the effects of other gains and losses not recognised in the income statement that affect equity, mainly through the fair value reserve. Consolidated book value per share. Ratio of consolidated total equity to weighted average number of shares outstanding. Consolidated earnings or loss per share. Ratio of net profit/loss attributable to equity holders of the controlling company as a Credit risk. The risk of loss of or adverse change in the financial situation of the insurer, resulting from fluctuations in the credit standing of issuers of securities, counterparties and any debtors to which insurance undertakings are exposed, in the form of counterparty default risk, spread risk or market risk concentrations. Currency risk. The sensitivity of the values of assets, liabilities and financial instruments to changes in the level or in the volatility of market prices of equities. Dividend yield. Ratio of dividend per share to the rolling average price per share in the 12-month period. EIOPA (European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority). European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority Eligible own funds. Own funds eligible to cover the solvency capital requirement. Equity risk. The sensitivity of the values of assets, liabilities and financial instruments to changes in the level or volatility of market prices of shares and infrastructure funds. Excess of loss reinsurance. A type of reinsurance in which the insurer agrees to pay a specified portion of a claim and the reinsurer agrees to pay all or a part of the claim above the specified currency amount or "retention". Facultative reinsurance. A type of reinsurance under which the ceding company has the option to cede and the reinsurer has the option to accept or decline individual risks of the underlying policy. Typically used to reinsure large individual risks or for amounts in excess of limits on risks already reinsured elsewhere. FATCA. Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act. Financial investments. Financial investments do not include financial investments in associates, investment property, or cash and cash equivalents. Financial risk. It comprises the risk of failure to achieve the guaranteed return, market risk (interest rate risk, equity risk, currency risk and property risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. FoS (freedom of service). Business written within the European Economic Area based on the freedom of services right to provide services on a cross-border basis. FVTPL (fair value through profit or loss). Financial instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss. Gross claims paid. Claims and benefits booked during a given period for claims resolved either fully or in part, including loss adjustment expenses, and net of recourse receivables. Gross claims paid are claims before deduction of reinsurance. Gross claims payments. Claims and benefits booked during a given period for claims resolved either fully or in part, including loss adjustment expenses. Gross/net: before or after deduction of reinsurance. Gross claim payments less realised income from recourse

Gross expense ratio. The ratio of operating expenses as a percentage of gross premiums written. The Group's ratio is calculated for the reinsurance, non-life insurance and life insurance operating segments.

Gross incurred loss ratio. Gross claims paid, including the change in the gross provision for outstanding claims, as a percentage of gross premiums written, including the change in gross unearned premiums. The Group's ratio is calculated for the reinsurance and non-life insurance operating segments.

Gross insurance premiums written. The total premiums on all policies written or renewed during a given period regardless of what portions have been earned. Gross/net: before or after deduction of reinsurance. Gross premiums written (short: gross premiums). Net premiums written (short: net premiums).

Gross operating expenses. Operating expenses, net of the change in deferred acquisition costs (policy acquisition costs and other operating expenses).

Gross premiums written. The total premiums on all policies written or renewed during a given period regardless of what portions have been earned. Gross premiums written are premiums before deduction of reinsurance.

Gross/net. In insurance terminology, the terms gross and net usually denote figures before or after deduction of reinsurance.

IBNER (incurred but not enough reported). Provision for claims that are incurred but not enough reported.

IBNR (incurred but not reported). Provision for claims incurred but no reported.

Insurance density. Gross premiums written as a percentage of the number of inhabitants.

Insurance penetration. Gross premiums written as a percentage of gross domestic product.

Interest rate risk. The sensitivity of the values of assets, liabilities and financial instruments to changes in the term structure of interest rates, or in the volatility of interest rates.

Investment portfolio. The investment portfolio includes financial investments in associates, investment property, and cash and cash equivalents.

IRLF (investment risk liability fund). Liability fund for unit-linked life insurance business.

IS Income statement.

Life insurance register of assets. Register of assets used to cover mathematical provisions.

Liquidity risk. Liquidity risk is the risk that the company will not have sufficient liquid assets to meet its obligations as they fall due and will have to sell its less liquid assets at a discount or raise new loans.

Market risk. It includes interest rate risk, equity risk, currency risk and property risk.

Minimum capital requirement. The minimum capital requirement is equal to the amount of eligible basic own funds below which policyholders, insured persons and other beneficiaries of insurance contracts would be exposed to an unacceptable level of risk if the insurer was allowed to continue operating.

Net (insurance) premiums earned. Net premiums written for a given period, including the change in net unearned premiums.

Net claims incurred. Net claims payments, net of income from recourse receivables (short: net claims paid) in the period, including the change in the net provision for outstanding claims.

Net claims paid. Claims and benefits booked during a given period for claims resolved either fully or in part, including loss adjustment expenses, and net of recourse receivables and reinsurers' and co-insurers' share of claims paid.

Net combined ratio. Ratio of total expenses (other than investment) to total income (other than investment). The Group's ratio is calculated for the reinsurance and non-life insurance operating segments.

Net earnings or loss per share. Net profit or loss as a percentage of the weighted average number of shares outstanding.

Net expense ratio. For (re)insurance operating segments, the ratio is calculated as operating expenses, net of commission income, as a percentage of net earned premiums. For the Group, the ratio is calculated as the ratio of operating expenses, net of commission income, to the sum of net premiums earned, other technical income and other income. Not included are one-off impacts on operations and amortisation of client lists or contractual customer relationships.

Net incurred loss ratio. Net claims incurred gross of the change in other technical provisions as a percentage of net premiums earned. The Group's ratio is calculated for the reinsurance and non-life insurance operating segments.

Net investment income from the investment portfolio. Calculated from income statements items: income from investments in subsidiaries and associates plus investment income plus income from investment property minus expenses for investments in associates and impairment losses on goodwill less expenses for financial assets and liabilities less expenses for investment property. Income from and expenses for investment property are included in the other income / other expenses item. Net investment income relating to the investment portfolio does not include net realised and unrealised gains or losses on investments of life insurance policyholders who bear the investment risk as these do not affect the income statement. These items move in line with the mathematical provision of policyholders who bear the investment risk.

Net operating expenses. Operating expenses net of commission income.

Net premiums written. The total premiums on all policies written or renewed during a given period regardless of what portions have been earned. Net premiums written are premiums after deduction of reinsurance.

Net/gross. In insurance terminology, the terms gross and net usually denote figures before or after deduction of reinsurance.

Non-life insurance register of assets. Register of assets used to cover non-life technical provisions.

Non-proportional reinsurance (excess reinsurance). A reinsurance arrangement whereby the reinsurer indemnifies a ceding company above a specified level (usually a monetary amount) of losses that the ceding company has underwritten. A deductible amount (priority) is set; any loss exceeding that amount is paid by the reinsurer.

NSLT – health business. Health underwriting risks pursued on a similar technical basis as non-life insurance.

Operating revenue. Total income less investment income.

Operational limit. Operational limits for particular areas are determined on the basis of expressed risk tolerance limits. In absolute terms, this is the maximum amount acceptable for a particular risk so that the Company remains within its risk appetite framework.

Operational risk. Risk of loss arising from inadequate or failed internal processes, personnel or systems, or from external events.

ORSA (own risk and solvency assessment). Own assessment of the risks associated with a company's or the Group's business and strategic plan and assessment of the adequacy of own funds to cover them.

OTC market. (Engl. over-the-counter). A transaction in the OTC market is one between two parties in securities or other financial instruments outside a regulated market.

Paid loss ratio. Gross claims paid as a percentage of gross premiums written.

Primary (direct) insurance company. Insurance company that has a direct contractual relationship with the holder of the insurance policy (private individual, firm or organisation).

Property risk. The risk that the value of property will decrease due to fluctuations in real estate markets.

Proportional reinsurance. A reinsurance arrangement whereby the reinsurer indemnifies a ceding company for a pre-agreed proportion of premiums and losses of each policy that the ceding company has underwritten. It can be subdivided into two main types: quota-share reinsurance and surplus reinsurance.

RBNS (reported but not settled). Provision for claims that are reported but not settled.

Realised recourse receivables (short: recourse receivables). Amount of recourse claims recognised in the period as recourse receivables based on (i) any agreement with recourse debtors, (ii) court decisions, or (iii) for credit business – settlement of an insurance claim.

Reserving risk. Risk that technical provisions are not sufficient to cover the commitments of the (re)insurance business assumed.

Retention ratio. Net premiums written as a percentage of gross premiums written.

Retention. The amount or portion of risk (claim) that a ceding company retains for its own account, and does not reinsure. The claim and loss adjustment expenses in excess of the retention level are then paid by the reinsurer to the ceding company up to the limit of indemnity, if any, set out in the reinsurance contract. In proportional reinsurance, the retention may be a percentage of the original policy's limit. In non-proportional insurance, the retention is usually a monetary amount of the claim, a percentage of the claim or a claim-to-premium ratio.

Retrocession. The reinsurance bought by reinsurers; a transaction by which a reinsurer cedes risks to another reinsurer.

Return on equity. The ratio of net profit for the period as a percentage of average equity in the period.

Return on revenue. Ratio of net profit for the year to operating revenues. All one-off effects on operations are excluded.

Return on the investment portfolio. The ratio of net investment income relating to the investment portfolio to average invested
assets. It includes the following statement of financial position items: investment property, financial investments in subsidiaries
and associates, financial investments, and cash and cash equivalents. The average amount is calculated based on figures as at the
reporting date and as at the end of the prior year.
Risk appetite. Risk level that a company is willing to take in order to meet its strategic goals.
Risk register. List of all major identified risks periodically maintained, monitored, assessed and reported on by a company.
SFP. Statement of financial position.
SLT – health business. Health underwriting risks pursued on a similar technical basis as life insurance.
Solvency Capital Requirement (SCR). An amount based on the regulatory calculation of risk, including non-life underwriting risk,
life underwriting risk, health underwriting risk, market risk, counterparty default risk and operational risk.
Solvency ratio. The ratio of eligible own funds as a percentage of the SCR. A solvency ratio in excess of 100% indicates that the firm
has sufficient resources to meet the SCR.
Standard formula. Set of calculations prescribed by Solvency II regulations used for generating the solvency capital requirement.
Strategic risk. The risk of an unexpected decrease in a company's value due to the adverse effects of management decisions,
changes in business and legal environment and market developments.
Subsidiary entity. An entity that is controlled by another entity.
Sustainability risk. This risk is an environmental, social or governance event or condition that, if it occurs, could cause an actual or
a potential negative impact on the value of investments or liabilities. This risk can arise if a company or group fails to consider the
negative impacts of its business or investment decisions on sustainability factors.
TP. Technical provisions.
Transaction currency. The currency in which reinsurance contract transactions are processed.
Underwriting result. Profit or loss realised from insurance operations as opposed to that realised from investments or other items.
Underwriting risk. Risk of loss or of adverse change in the value of insurance liabilities due to inadequate pricing and provisioning
assumptions. Underwriting risk comprises non-life, life and health underwriting risk.
Unearned premiums. That part of premiums written relating to the unexpired portion of the policy period and is attributable to and
recognised as income in future years.

Appendix D – GRI index148

GRI 1 used GRI 1: Foundation 2021
GRI 2: General disclosures The organization and its reporting practices
GRI 2-1 Organisational details 2.1, 2.7, 2.6 Sava Re
GRI 2-2 Entities included in the organisation's sustainability reporting 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 14, 17.2 Sava Insurance Group
GRI 2-3 Reporting period, frequency and contact point 2.1, 14 Sava Insurance Group
GRI 2-4 Restatements of information 14 Sava Insurance Group. The report does not include
corrected statements.
GRI 2-5 External assurance 14 /
Activities and workers
GRI 2-6 Activities, value chain and other business relationships 2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 7, 16.2, 14, 13.4, 2.8 Sava Insurance Group
GRI 2-7 Employees 10, 10.3.1 Sava Insurance Group
Governance
GRI 2-9 Governance structure and composition 2.7, 5.3, 10.3.5 Sava Insurance Group
GRI 2-10 Nomination and selection of the highest governance body 4 Sava Re
GRI 2-12 Role of the highest governance body in overseeing the management of impacts 14 Sava Insurance Group
GRI 2-13 Delegation of responsibility for managing impacts 14 Sava Insurance Group
GRI 2-14 Role of the highest governance body in overseeing the management of impacts 14 Sava Insurance Group
GRI 2-15 Conflicts of interest 14 Sava Insurance Group
GRI 2-17 Collective knowledge of the highest governance body 14
GRI 2-18 Evaluation of the performance of the highest governance body 14 Sava Insurance Group
GRI 2-19 Remuneration policies 5.2.2, 5.3.1, Sava Re
GRI 2-20 Process to determine remuneration 5.2.2, 5.3.1, Sava Re
Strategy, policies and practices
GRI 2-22 Statement on sustainable development strategy 1 Sava Re

GRI 1 used GRI 1: Foundation 2021
GRI 2-23 Policy commitments 5, 6.1, 14 Sava Insurance Group
GRI 2-27 Compliance with laws and regulations 14 Sava Insurance Group
GRI 2-28 Membership associations 14.5.5 Sava Re
GRI 2-29 Approach to stakeholder engagement 3.3, 14 Sava Insurance Group
GRI 2-30 Collective bargaining agreements 10.3.1 Sava Insurance Group
Stakeholder engagement
GRI 2-29 Approach to stakeholder engagement 3-1, 14 Sava Insurance Group
GRI 2-30 Collective bargaining agreements 10
GRI 3: Material Topics 2021 Disclosures on material topics
GRI 3-3 Management of material topics 5.4, 5.7, 6.4, 10.1, 10.2, 10.4, 10.5, 11, 14,
17.7,
Sava Insurance Group
GRI 3-1 Process to determine material topics 14 Sava Insurance Group. The materiality matrix has been
prepared in cooperation with the stakeholders of the
Sava Insurance Group.
GRI 3-2 List of material topics 14 Sava Insurance Group
ECONOMIC IMPACTS
GRI 201: Economic performance GRI 3-3 Management of material topics 5.4, 6.2, 10.1, 10.2, 10.4, 10.5, 14 Sava Insurance Group
201-01 Direct economic value generated and distributed 14, 6.2 Sava Insurance Group
201-02 Financial implications and other risks and opportunities due to climate change 8.1.1, 8.2, 14 Sava Insurance Group
201-03 Defined benefit plan obligations 14 Sava Insurance Group
201-04 Financial assistance received from government 5.6, 14 Sava Insurance Group
GRI 202: Market presence GRI 3-3 Management of material topics 14 Sava Insurance Group
202-02 Proportion of senior management hired from the local community 2.7, 5.3.4 Sava Insurance Group
GRI 203: Indirect economic impacts GRI 3-3 Management of material topics 14 Sava Insurance Group
203-01 Infrastructure investments and services supported 14 Sava Insurance Group
203-02 Major indirect economic impacts 14 Sava Insurance Group

428

GRI 1 used GRI 1: Foundation 2021
GRI 204: Procurement practices GRI 3-3 Management of material topics 14 Sava Insurance Group
204-01 Proportion of spending on local suppliers 14 Sava Insurance Group. Proportion not disclosed.
GRI 205: Prevention of corruption GRI 3-3 Management of material topics 14 Sava Insurance Group
205-01 Operations assessed for risks related to corruption 14 Sava Insurance Group
205-03 Confirmed incidents of corruption and actions taken 14 Sava Insurance Group
207 Tax 14 Sava Insurance Group
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
GRI 302: Energy GRI 3-3 Management of material topics 14 Sava Insurance Group
302-01 Energy consumption within the organisation 14 Sava Insurance Group
GRI 305: Emissions GRI 3-3 Management of material topics 14 Sava Insurance Group
305-01 direct GHG emissions 14 Sava Insurance Group
305-02 indirect GHG emissions 14 Sava Insurance Group
305-03 other indirect GHG emissions 14 Sava Insurance Group
GRI 306: Effluents and waste GRI 3-3 Management of material topics 14 Sava Insurance Group
306-02 Waste by type and disposal method 14 Sava Insurance Group
GRI 308: Supplier environmental
assessment
GRI 3-3 Management of material topics 14 Sava Insurance Group
308-01 New suppliers that were screened using environmental criteria 14 Sava Re. Proportion not disclosed.
SOCIAL IMPACTS
GRI 401: Recruitment GRI 3-3 Management of material topics 10, 20.3 Sava Insurance Group
401-01 Employment and fluctuation 10 Sava Insurance Group
GRI 403: Health and safety at work GRI 3-3 Management of material topics 10, 20.3 Sava Insurance Group
403-02 Lost days 10.3.1 Sava Insurance Group
GRI 404: Education and training GRI 3-3 Management of material topics 10 Sava Insurance Group
404-01 Average hours of training per year per employee 10.4 Sava Insurance Group

GRI 1 used GRI 1: Foundation 2021
404-03 Percentage of employees receiving regular performance and career development reviews 10.5.1 Sava Insurance Group
GRI 405: Diversity and equal
opportunities
GRI 3-3 Management of material topics 10 Sava Insurance Group
405-01 Diversity of governance bodies and employees 5.3.1, 10.3.1, 14 Sava Insurance Group
405-02 Basic salary factor of women is the same as that of men in all employee categories 10.3.1 Sava Re
GRI 412: Human rights assessment GRI 3-3 Management of material topics 10, 14 Sava Insurance Group
412-03 Contracts and agreements that include provisions concerning the protection of human rights or have been
subject to a human rights review
10, 14 Sava Insurance Group
GRI 414: Local communities
GRI 3-3
413-01
GRI 414: Assessment of supplier in
GRI 3-3
terms of impact on society
414-01
GRI 417: Marketing and labelling
GRI 3-3
417-01
GRI 419: Compliance
GRI 3-3
Management of material topics 14 Sava Insurance Group
Operations with local community engagement, impact assessments, and development programs 14 Sava Insurance Group
Management of material topics 14 Sava Insurance Group
New suppliers that were screened using social criteria 14 Sava Insurance Group
Management of material topics 14 Sava Insurance Group
Requirements for product and service information and labelling 14 Sava Insurance Group
Management of material topics 14 Sava Insurance Group
GRI 2-27 Compliance with laws and regulations 14 Sava Insurance Group

Annual report of the Sava Insurance Group and Sava Re d.d. for 2022 Published by Sava Re d.d.

Texts by Sava Re d.d. and AV studio d.o.o. Designed and produced by AV studio d.o.o. Photographs by Matej Vranič, Nik Jarh, Shutterstock, Blanka Savšek and Jerneja Ažman (Save Re Health Day), archives of Sava Re and the Sava Insurance Group Original version in Slovenian. Translation by Sava Re in cooperation with Veris d.o.o.

Ljubljana, March 2023

Sava Re, d.d. Dunajska cesta 56, P.O.B. 318 SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia T +386 1 47 50 200 [email protected] www.sava-re.si

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