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PEGASUS HAVA TAŞIMACILIĞI A.Ş.

Interim / Quarterly Report Aug 13, 2025

5947_rns_2025-08-13_72faa5dc-3807-4eff-8082-fb16fe84d5bb.pdf

Interim / Quarterly Report

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PEGASUS HAVA TAŞIMACILIĞI ANONİM ŞİRKETİ AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE SIX MONTH PERIOD ENDED 30 JUNE 2025

INDEX PAGE

PAGI
INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 3
INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 4
INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 5
NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 6-40
NOTE 1 ORGANIZATION AND OPERATIONS OF THE GROUP 6
NOTE 2 BASIS OF PRESENTATION OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 6-10
NOTE 3 INVESTMENTS ACCOUNTED FOR USING THE EQUITY METHOD 10
NOTE 4 SEGMENT REPORTING 11
NOTE 5 RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 11-12
NOTE 6 TRADE RECEIVABLES AND PAYABLES OTHER RECEIVABLES 12-13
NOTE 7 PREPAYMENTS, DEFERRED INCOME AND PASSENGER FLIGHT LIABILITIES 14
NOTE 8 PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT 15-16
NOTE 9 INTANGIBLE ASSETS 17
NOTE 10 RIGHT OF USE ASSETS 17
NOTE 11 PROVISIONS, CONTINGENT ASSETS AND LIABILITIES 18
NOTE 12 COMMITMENTS 19-20
NOTE 13 EXPENSES BY NATURE 21
NOTE 14 SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 21
NOTE 15 REVENUE AND COST OF SALES 22-23
NOTE 16 GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES AND SELLING AND MARKETING EXPENSES 23-24
NOTE 17 OTHER OPERATING INCOME AND EXPENSES 24
NOTE 18 INCOME AND EXPENSES FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES 25
NOTE 19 FINANCIAL INCOME AND EXPENSES 25
NOTE 20 EARNINGS PER SHARE 26
NOTE 21 DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 26
NOTE 22 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 26-31
NOTE 23 NATURE AND LEVEL OF RISKS DERIVING FROM FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 31-34
NOTE 24 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (FAIR VALUE AND HEDGE ACCOUNTING DISCLOSURES) 35-38
NOTE 25 EVENTS AFTER REPORTING PERIOD 38
NOTE 26 INCOME TAX EXPENSE 39
NOTE 27 EXPLANATIONS RELATED TO STATEMENT OF CASH FLOW 40

INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed in full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

Current period
30 June
Prior period
31 December
Notes 2025 2024
ASSETS
Current assets 1.565.694.915 1.891.835.243
Cash and cash equivalents 27 849.135.233 1.258.979.406
Financial assets 22 325.935.685 302.048.311
Trade receivables 6 104.546.028 73.467.728
Trade receivables from third parties 104.546.028 73.467.728
Other receivables 6 19.496.437 2.892.392
Other receivables from third parties 19.496.437 2.892.392
Derivative financial instruments 21 - 3.963.837
Inventories 41.721.938 41.520.211
Prepayments 7 219.813.778 201.897.122
Current income tax assets 4.842.285 2.327.277
Other current assets 203.531 4.738.959
Non-Current assets 5.947.388.530 5.819.032.995
Financial assets 22 138.977.221 125.770.276
Other receivables 6 77.010.967 84.911.131
Other receivables from third parties 77.010.967 84.911.131
Investments accounted by using the equity method 3 20.230.894 21.115.937
Property and equipment 8 507.270.996 470.967.606
Intangible assets 9 30.521.614 24.046.619
Right of use assets 10 4.162.291.425 4.172.222.342
Prepayments 7 621.963.838 493.115.950
Deferred tax assets 26 389.121.575 426.883.134
TOTAL ASSETS 7.513.083.445 7.710.868.238

INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed in full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

Current period
30 June
Prior period
31 December
Notes 2025 2024
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities 1.469.817.407 1.482.289.523
Short term borrowings 22 47.926.320 172.048.659
Short term portion of long term borrowings 22 117.711.357 218.212.572
Short term portion of long term lease liabilities 22 400.256.701 405.833.468
Trade payables 6 303.465.600 216.174.134
Trade payables to related parties 5 891.026 1.194.536
Trade payables to third parties 302.574.574 214.979.598
Employee benefit obligations 21.264.011 14.704.364
Other payables 6 18.178.356 12.519.590
Other payables to third parties 18.178.356 12.519.590
Contract liabilities 7 394.066.125 333.941.687
Derivative financial instruments 21 16.038.240 4.645.693
Deferred income 7 87.453.816 40.016.533
Short term provisions 63.456.881 64.192.823
Short term provisions for employee benefits 30.513.537 62.635.867
Other short term provisions 32.943.344 1.556.956
Non-Current liabilities 3.956.976.279 4.189.573.178
Long term borrowings 22 455.810.108 469.797.544
Long term lease liabilities 22 3.111.883.442 3.260.356.410
Derivative financial instruments 21 2.327.180 364.343
Deferred income 7 205.467.297 202.964.552
Long term provisions 181.488.252 256.090.329
Long term provisions for employee benefits 53.210.527 48.123.147
Other long term provisions 128.277.725 207.967.182
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 2.086.289.759 2.039.005.537
Paid-in share capital 14 230.037.951 230.037.951
Share premiums on capital stock 24.595.488 24.595.488
Other comprehensive income/expense
not to be reclassified to profit or loss
Actuarial losses on defined benefit plans (4.470.990) (4.263.048)
Other comprehensive income/expense
to be reclassified to profit or loss
Currency translation differences 7.053.926 8.451.525
Hedge fund (13.774.065) (3.757.527)
Gain on financial assets measured at fair value 929.881 1.816.800
Restricted profit reserves 4.047.406 4.047.406
Retained earnings 1.778.076.942 1.416.584.246
Net income for the period 59.793.220 361.492.696
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY 7.513.083.445 7.710.868.238

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

Current period Prior period Current period Prior period 1 January- 1 January- 1 April - 1 April - Profit or loss Notes 30 June 2025 30 June 2024 30 June 2025 30 June 2024 Revenue 15 1.497.684.785 1.281.940.463 876.025.043 763.218.237 Cost of sales (-) 15 (1.317.285.498) (1.108.019.228) (681.512.775) (575.936.270) Gross profit 180.399.287 173.921.235 194.512.268 187.281.967 General administrative expenses (-) 16 (49.046.953) (39.905.372) (25.081.051) (22.295.054) Selling and marketing expenses (-) 16 (35.224.795) (30.085.043) (18.531.376) (16.522.665) Other operating income 17 353.187 9.552.525 172.622 176.963 Other operating expenses (-) 17 (127.116.863) (1.858.396) (87.422.332) (170.512) Operating profit (30.636.137) 111.624.949 63.650.131 148.470.699 Income from investing activities 18 45.183.852 29.078.798 18.761.881 7.836.143 Expenses from investing activities (-) 18 (22.659) (6.064.225) (22.659) (1.176.247) Share of investments income accounted for

using the equity method 3 1.528.468 1.236.977 934.271 800.330
Operating profit before financial expense 16.053.524 135.876.499 83.323.624 155.930.925
Financial income 19 213.975.575 23.088.552 149.822.115 12.588.158
Financial expense (-) 19 (128.772.477) (172.391.761) (63.679.516) (75.240.802)
Profit/(loss) before tax 101.256.622 (13.426.710) 169.466.223 93.278.281
Tax income/(expense) (41.463.402) 22.463.613 (47.799.356) 18.715.399
Deferred tax income/(expense) 26 (41.463.402) 22.463.613 (47.799.356) 18.715.399
Net profit for the period 59.793.220 9.036.903 121.666.867 111.993.680
Income/(loss) per share EUR cents 20 0,12 0,02 0,24 0,47
Other comprehensive income
Items not to be reclassified to profit or loss
Actuarial (losses) / gains on defined benefit plans (277.257) (955.691) (220.668) (1.514.008)
Deferred tax effect 69.315 238.923 55.167 378.502
Items to be reclassified to profit or loss
Currency translation differences (1.397.599) 755.586 (1.358.946) 158.533
Gain on financial assets measured at fair value (1.182.558) (460.241) 313.809 (257.399)
Cash flow hedge (13.355.384) 15.617.947 (12.886.931) 2.611.214
Deferred tax effect 3.634.485 (3.789.427) 3.143.279 (588.453)

(Amounts are expressed in full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Other comprehensive income (12.508.998) 11.407.097 (10.954.290) 788.389 Total comprehensive income 47.284.222 20.444.000 110.712.577 112.782.069

INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FOR THE PERIOD ENDED 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed in full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

Other comprehensive Other comprehensive
income items income items
not to be reclassified to be reclassified to
to profit or loss profit or loss Retained earnings
Share Gain on financial Restricted Net
Paid in premiums on Actuarial gains/(losses) Currency translation Hedge assets measured at profit Retained profit/(loss) Shareholders'
share capital capital stock on defined benefit plans differences reserve fair value reserves earnings for the year equity
As at 1 January 2024 EUR 60.544.134 194.089.305 (3.254.102) 8.808.787 (3.990.862) 1.483.652 4.047.406 626.643.772 789.940.474 1.678.312.566
Transfers EUR 169.493.817 (169.493.817) - - - - - 789.940.474 (789.940.474) -
Net profit/(loss) for the period EUR - - - - - - - - 9.036.903 9.036.903
Other comprehensive income / (expense) EUR - - (716.768) 755.586 11.713.460 (345.181) - - - 11.407.097
As at 30 June 2024 EUR 230.037.951 24.595.488 (3.970.870) 9.564.373 7.722.598 1.138.471 4.047.406 1.416.584.246 9.036.903 1.698.756.566
As at 1 January 2025 EUR 230.037.951 24.595.488 (4.263.048) 8.451.525 (3.757.527) 1.816.800 4.047.406 1.416.584.246 361.492.696 2.039.005.537
Transfers EUR - - - - - - - 361.492.696 (361.492.696) -
Net profit/(loss) for the period EUR - - - - - - - - 59.793.220 59.793.220
Other comprehensive income / (expense) EUR - - (207.942) (1.397.599) (10.016.538) (886.919) - - - (12.508.998)
As at 30 June 2025 EUR 230.037.951 24.595.488 (4.470.990) 7.053.926 (13.774.065) 929.881 4.047.406 1.778.076.942 59.793.220 2.086.289.759

Within the registered capital ceiling of EUR 230.037.951, the Company's issued capital amounting to EUR 60.544.134 was increased by EUR 169.493.817 to EUR 230.037.951, all of which was covered from the amounts in the " Share Premiums on Capital Stock" account, and capital increase was registered with the Trade Registry on May 30, 2024.

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE PERIOD ENDED 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed in full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

Current period
1 January-
Prior period
1 January
Notes 30 June 2025 30 June 2024
A. CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Income/(loss) for the period 59.793.220 9.036.903
Adjustments to reconcile the income/(loss)
Depreciation and amortization 8-9-10 198.612.163 163.660.012
Adjustments related with impairments (1.332.720) 5.987.202
Provision for doubtful receivable 334.402 (77.023)
Adjustments related with financial investment impairments (1.667.122) 6.064.225
Adjustments related with provisions 28.128.547 7.232.780
Provision for employee benefits 26.574.225 6.882.462
Legal provison 1.554.322 350.318
Interest and commission income 57.890.994 87.687.733
Adjustments related with fair value expense (income) 672.102 316.388
Adjustments related with fair value expense (income) of financial assets 672.102 316.388
Gain on equity investments accounted for using the equity method 3 (1.528.468) (1.236.977)
Current tax expense 41.463.402 (22.463.613)
Adjustments for (income)/expense caused by sale or changes in share of joint ventures - -
Other provisions related with investing or financing activities (187.261.295) 33.634.483
Changes in working capital
Increase in trade receivables (31.412.702) (32.364.828)
Increase in other receivables, prepayments and other assets (56.469.045) (168.769.290)
Increase in inventories (201.727) 1.451.981
Increase in trade payables 87.291.466 79.671.201
Increase in deferred income, other payables and other current liabilities 79.164.015 266.813.261
Net cash generated from operating activities 274.809.952 430.657.236
Payment for the employee benefits provisions (53.581.115) (27.193.951)
Payment for other provisions (4.434) (32.634)
221.224.403 403.430.651
B. CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Net cash changes from acquisition and sale of debt instruments of other entities (106.298.362) 12.102.912
Net cash changes from purchase and
sale of property, equipment and intangible assets (26.947.648) 34.874.852
Interest received from financial investment 39.085.289 20.507.815
Changes in cash advances and payables (136.010.850) (120.568.308)
Other cash changes (*) 20.298.866 221.911.282
(209.872.705) 168.828.553
C. CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Increase in borrowings 118.349.967 103.184.210
Repayment of borrowings (307.706.364) (24.500.000)
Repayment of principal in lease liabilities (196.465.893) (171.995.177)
Interest and commission paid (106.941.550) (122.886.992)
Interest received 31.875.390 22.107.131
(460.888.450) (194.090.828)
NET DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 378.168.376
BEFORE TRANSLATION EFFECT (A+B+C) (449.536.752)
D. TRANSLATION DIFFERENCES EFFECT ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 39.692.579 6.096.793
NET (DECREASE) / INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS (A+B+C+D) (409.844.173) 384.265.169
E. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE PERIOD
AT THE BEGINNING OF THE PERIOD 2 7 1.258.979.406 493.596.374
AT THE END OF THE PERIOD (A+B+C+D+E) 2 7 849.135.233 877.861.543

(*) The change in time deposits with a maturity of more than three months, classified as financial investments, has been presented.

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 1 - ORGANIZATION AND OPERATIONS OF THE GROUP

Pegasus Hava Taşımacılığı A.Ş. (the "Company" or "Pegasus") and its subsidiaries (together "the Group") is a low cost airline company. The Group operates under a low cost business model and employs low cost airline business practices which focus on providing affordable, reliable and simple service.

The shareholders and ownership of the Company as of 30 June 2025 and 31 December 2024 are as follows:

30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Esas Holding A.Ş. ("Esas Holding") 52,81% 52,81%
Publicly held 45,37% 45,37%
Sabancı Family Members 1,82% 1,82%
Total 100,00% 100,00%

Shares of the Company have been started to be traded in İstanbul Stock Exchange since 26 April 2013, after the book building between the dates of 18-19 April 2013.

The Group's total number of full time employees as of 30 June 2025 is 9.188 (31 December 2024: 8.459). The address of its principal office is Aeropark Yenişehir Mah. Osmanlı Bulvarı No: 11/A Kurtköy-Pendik İstanbul.

Approval of Financial Statements

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries for the six months ended 30 June 2025 were authorised for issue in accordance with a resolution of the Board of Directors on 12 August 2025.

NOTE 2 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2.1 Basis of Presentation

Financial reporting standards

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for certain financial instruments that are measured at fair values. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are based on the statutory records, with adjustments and reclassifications for the purpose of fair presentation in accordance with IFRS.

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, assuming that the Group will continue to utilize its assets effectively and meet its obligations in the normal course of business operations.

Functional and Presentation Currency

Although there is no prominent currency affecting revenue and cost of sales, the Company's functional currency is determined as Euro because; significant portion of scheduled flight revenues, which represents the Company's primary operations, is generated from European flights, Euro represents a significant component of the financial liabilities of the Company and management reports and budget enabling the Company's management to make executive decisions are prepared in Euro. The functional currency of the Company, its subsidiary and associates, other than Hitit Bilgisayar and PIL, is Euro. Hitit Bilgisayar's and PIL's functional currency is US Dollars.

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 2 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont'd)

2.1 Basis of Presentation (cont'd)

Functional and Presentation Currency (cont'd)

For the companies in Türkiye that maintain financial records in TL, currency translation from TL to the functional currency Euro is made under the framework described below:

  • Monetary assets and liabilities have been converted to the functional currency with the Central Bank of Turkish Republic (CBRT) foreign exchange rate.
  • Non-monetary items have been converted into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the transaction date.
  • Profit or loss accounts have been converted into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the transaction date, except for depreciation expenses.
  • The capital is followed according to historical costs.

The translation differences resulting from the above mentioned conversions are recognized under financial income / expenses in the statement of profit or loss.

Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies

In accordance with the POA's announcement dated 23 November 2023, companies applying International Financial Reporting Standards are required to present their financial statements for the annual reporting periods ending on or after 31 December 2024, adjusted for the effects of inflation in accordance with the relevant accounting principles in International Accounting Standard 29 "Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies" (IAS 29). Since the Company's functional currency is Euro as of the reporting date, there is no need to make any adjustments within the scope of IAS 29 in its financial statements to be prepared in accordance with IFRS. However, the financial statements as of 30 June 2025 and 31 December 2024 are prepared in accordance with the Tax Law, have been subject to inflation correction in accordance with the legislation.

Comparative Information and Reclassification of Prior Period Financial Statements

Consolidated financial statements of Group are prepared in comparison to prior period in order to identify financial position and performance trends. In order to maintain consistency with current period consolidated financial statements, comparative information is reclassified and material changes are disclosed if necessary. Group has not made any reclassification in the prior period consolidated financial statements in order to maintain consistency with current period consolidated financial statements.

Basis of Consolidation

The following table illustrates the condensed consolidated subsidiaries and the Group's ownership percentage in these subsidiaries as of 30 June 2025 and 31 December 2024:

Ownership rate Country of
Name of the company Principal activity 30 June 2025 31 December 2024 registration and
operation
Pegasus Havacılık
Teknolojileri ve
Ticaret A.Ş.
Simulator technical
support and
maintenance
100% 100% Türkiye
Pegasus Airlines
Innovation Lab, Inc.
Technology

R&D
100% 100% USA

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 2 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont'd)

2.1 Basis of Presentation (cont'd)

Basis of Consolidation (cont'd)

The following table illustrates the affiliates and joint ventures then indicates the Group's ownership percentage in these joint ventures as of 30 June 2025, 31 December 2024:

Ownership rate Country of
Name of the company Principal
activity
30
June
2025
31 December
2024
Ownership
type
registration and
operation
Pegasus Uçuş Eğitim
Merkezi A.Ş. ("PUEM")
Hitit Bilgisayar
Simulator
training
- 49,40% Joint
venture
Türkiye
Hizmetleri
A.Ş. ("Hitit
Bilgisayar")
Information
system
solutions
36,82% 36,82% Joint
venture
Türkiye

(*) The liquidation process of PUEM, in which the Company held a 49.40% stake, was completed and the entity was deregistered from the trade registry as of February 27, 2025.

2.2 Changes in Accounting Estimates

Changes in accounting estimates are applied prospectively. If the change is effective for a specific period, it impacts only that period. If they relates to future periods, they are recognized prospectively both in the current period and in the future period. Significant errors identified by the Group in the accounting estimates are applied retrospectively and prior period financial statements are restated. The Group has not made any changes in accounting estimates in the current reporting period.

2.3 New and Amended Turkish Financial Reporting Standards

a) Amendments that are mandatorily effective from 2025

Amendments to IAS 21 Lack of Exchangeability

The amendments contain guidance to specify when a currency is exchangeable and how to determine the exchange rate when it is not. Amendments are effective from annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2025.

The Group evaluates the effects of these standards, amendments and improvements on the consolidated financial statements. The Group is in the process of assessing the impact of the amendments on financial position or performance of the Group.

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 2 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont'd)

2.3 New and Amended Turkish Financial Reporting Standards (cont'd)

b) New and revised IFRSs in issue but not yet effective

The Group has not yet adopted the following standards and amendments and interpretations to the existing standards:

Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7 Amendments IFRS 9 and IFRS 7 regarding the
classification
and
measurement
of
financial
instruments
IFRS 18 Presentation and Disclosures in Financial Statements
IFRS 19 Subsidiaries without Public Accountability: Disclosure
Annual Improvements Annual Improvements to IFRS Accounting Standards -
Volume 11

Amendments IFRS 9 and IFRS 7 regarding the classification and measurement of financial instruments

The amendments address matters identified during the post-implementation review of the classification and measurement requirements of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments. Annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2026.

IFRS 18 Presentation and Disclosures in Financial Statements

IFRS 18 includes requirements for all entities applying IFRS for the presentation and disclosure of information in financial statements. Applicable to annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2027.

IFRS 19 Subsidiaries without Public Accountability: Disclosure

IFRS 19 specifies the disclosure requirements an eligible subsidiary is permitted to apply instead of the disclosure requirements in other IFRS Accounting Standards. Applicable to annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2027.

Annual Improvements to IFRS Accounting Standards - Volume 11

The pronouncement comprises the following amendments:

  • IFRS 1: Hedge accounting by a first-time adopter
  • IFRS 7: Gain or loss on derecognition
  • IFRS 7: Disclosure of deferred difference between fair value and transaction price
  • IFRS 7: Introduction and credit risk disclosures
  • IFRS 9: Lessee derecognition of lease liabilities
  • IFRS 9: Transaction price
  • IFRS 10: Determination of a 'de facto agent'
  • IAS 7: Cost method

2.4 Seasonality on Operations

Due to seasonality of air passenger transportation, it's expected to incur higher revenues in the second half of the year compared to the first half. Besides, as a result of higher sales with the effect of summer season and growth in operations of the Company, trade receivables and passenger flight liabilities increased as of 30 June 2025 compared to last year-end.

2.5 Going Concern

The Group has prepared its financial statements in accordance with the going concern principle.

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 3 - INVESTMENTS ACCOUNTED FOR USING THE EQUITY METHOD

The details of investments accounted for using the equity method are as follows:

30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Joint ventures
Hitit Bilgisayar 20.230.894 21.115.937
20.230.894 21.115.937

Total profit from investments accounted for using the equity method is as follows:

1 January-
30 June 2025
1 January-
30 June 2024
1 April -
30 June 2025
1 April -
30 June 2024
Hitit Bilgisayar 1.528.468 1.280.306 934.271 843.659
PUEM - (43.329) - (43.329)
Net profit 1.528.468 1.236.977 934.271 800.330

The summarized financial information of the investment accounted by using the equity method is as follows:

Hitit Bilgisayar

30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Current assets 24.978.226 24.590.146
Non-current assets 46.454.570 46.605.202
Current liabilities (12.268.515) (10.381.617)
Non-current liabilities (4.500.800) (3.781.199)
Net assets of joint venture 54.663.481 57.032.532
Group's ownership interest in the joint venture
0
36,82% 36,82%
Goodwill 103.800 116.559
Group's share in the net assets of the joint venture 20.230.894 21.115.937
1 January- 1 January
30 June 2025 30 June 2024
Revenue 18.120.110 14.010.551
Depreciation and amortisation expense (3.778.975) (2.601.141)
Interest income/(expense), net 2.262.048 249.561
Profit for the year 4.151.190 3.477.203
Group's weighted average ownership interest 36,82% 36,82%
Group's share in the net profit of the joint venture 1.528.468 1.280.306

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 4 - SEGMENT REPORTING

The Group is managed as a single business unit that provides low fares airline-related services, including scheduled services, charter services, ancillary services and other services. The Group's Chief Operating Decision Maker is the Board of Directors. The resource allocation decisions are based on the entire network and the deployment of the entire aircraft fleet. The objective in making resource allocation decisions is to maximise consolidated financial results, rather than results on individual routes within the network. All other assets and liabilities have been allocated to the Group's single reportable segment.

NOTE 5 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The ultimate parent and controlling party of the Group is Esas Holding. The Group has a number of operating and financial relationships with its shareholders and other entities owned by its shareholders (which will be referred to as " other related parties" below). The related party receivables and payables resulting from operating activities are generally not secured and interest free.

(i) Balances with Related Parties:

a) Trade payables to related parties

30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Balances with joint ventures:
Hitit Bilgisayar 753.103 1.078.540
Balances with other related parties:
Esasburda İnşaat
Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş. ("Esasburda")
6.459 25.774
Ere Avm İnşaat
A.Ş. ("Ere Avm")
131.464 90.222
891.026 1.194.536

(ii) Significant Transactions with Related Parties:

Until May 2024 , the Group leased their head office building from Esasburda, another Esas Holding subsidiary. Esasburda also charged dues, electricity, water and heating expenses for the head office, which is disclosed within "purchases of goods and services" section below.

The Group receives software and software support services from Hitit Bilgisayar that provides information system solutions for transportation industry.

The Group receives health services from Alarm Sağlık.

The Group receives project consultancy services from Ere Avm İnşaat for the hangar project.

a) Purchases of goods or services

1 January- 1 January- 1 April - 1 April -
30 June 2025 30 June 2024 30 June 2025 30 June 2024
Transactions with joint ventures:
Hitit Bilgisayar 4.304.868 3.453.608 1.933.092 1.514.714
Transactions with other related parties:
Ere Avm 879.400 - 416.707 -
Esasburda 105.424 308.944 11.724 220.057
Alarm Sağlık - 17.495 - 11.476
Other - 262 - -
5.289.692 3.780.309 2.361.523 1.746.247

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 5 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (cont'd)

(ii) Significant Transactions with Related Parties: (cont'd)

b) Lease expenses

1 January-
30 June 2025
1 January-
30 June 2024
1 April -
30 June 2025
1 April -
30 June 2024
Esasburda (*) - 317.004 - 77.241
- 317.004 - 77.241

(*) Lease expenses are recorded as depreciation and interest under IFRS 16 leases standard. Amounts presented above represent issued invoices. In May 2024, the Group decided to purchase the office building which is the basis of the lease expense. The transactions in this context have been mediated by a bank for the financing of the purchase and the Company will obtain ownership of the building from the bank at the end of the three-year lease period.

(iii) Compensation of Key Management Personnel:

Key management personnel include members of the board of directors, general managers and assistant general managers. The remuneration of key management paid during the period ended 30 June 2025 and 30 June 2024 are as follows:

1 January- 1 January- 1 April - 1 April -
30 June 2025 30 June 2024 30 June 2025 30 June 2024
Salaries and benefits 8.951.933 6.984.938 8.394.675 6.321.370
8.951.933 6.984.938 8.394.675 6.321.370

NOTE 6 – TRADE RECEIVABLES AND PAYABLES AND OTHER RECEIVABLES

Short term trade receivables

The details of short term trade receivables as of 30 June 2025 and 31 December 2024 are as follows:

30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Trade receivables 67.848.656 41.528.451
Credit card receivables 39.117.270 32.630.019
Income accruals 1.677.953 3.310.224
108.643.879 77.468.694
Allowance for credit risk adjustment under TFRS 9 (4.097.851) (4.000.966)
104.546.028 73.467.728

The average collection period of trade receivables is approximately 20 days (31 December 2024: 19 days).

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 6 – TRADE RECEIVABLES AND PAYABLES AND OTHER RECEIVABLES (cont'd)

Short term trade payables

The details of short term trade payables as of 30 June 2025 and 31 December 2024 are as follows:

30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Trade payables 91.325.426 132.529.077
Accrued direct operational costs 211.249.148 82.450.521
Trade payables to related parties (Note 5) 891.026 1.194.536
303.465.600 216.174.134

The average payment period of trade payables is approximately 35 days (31 December 2024: 30 days).

Short term other receivables

The details of short term other receivables as of 30 June 2025 and 31 December 2024 are as follows:

30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Deposits and guarantees given (*) 12.066.358 1.415.373
Receivables from pilots for flight training 6.479.837 284.615
Receivables from tax office 759.691 724.261
Other receivables 190.551 468.143
19.496.437 2.892.392

(*) The amount of EUR 11.058.981 in deposits given, consists of guarantees given to the banks regarding the valuation of derivative transactions.

Long term other receivables

The details of long term other receivables as of 30 June 2025 and 31 December 2024 are as follows:

30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Receivables from pilot trainings 37.411.933 42.738.065
Deposits given 39.599.034 42.173.066
77.010.967 84.911.131
Short term other payables
30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Taxes payables 11.382.814 10.170.687
Deposits received 6.795.542 2.348.903
18.178.356 12.519.590

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 7 - PREPAYMENTS, DEFERRED INCOME AND CONTRACT LIABILITIES

The details of prepayments as of 30 June 2025 and 31 December 2024 are as follows:

Short term prepayments

30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Advances on aircraft purchases 125.699.027 122.857.877
Advances to suppliers 75.506.716 51.230.811
Prepaid insurance expenses 6.474.081 18.002.352
Other prepaid expenses 12.133.954 9.806.082
219.813.778 201.897.122
Long term prepayments
30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Advances on aircraft purchases 113.649.764 57.215.071
Prepaid maintenance expenses 508.059.675 435.654.062
Other prepaid expenses 254.399 246.817
621.963.838 493.115.950

Deferred Income

Contract Liabilities

The details of passenger flight liabilities as of 30 June 2025 and 31 December 2024 are as follows:

30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Flight liability from ticket sales 280.323.752 218.926.889
Passenger airport fees received from customers (*) 72.300.938 73.165.429
Flight liability from flight points 41.441.435 41.849.369
394.066.125 333.941.687

(*) Passenger airport fees received from customers is included in the ticket price, but it is not recognized as revenue when the flight carried out. The amount represents the costs to be paid to airport operators and authorities in cash.

Deferred income (excluding contract liabilities)

Short term deferred income

30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Advances received from customers 46.630.026 27.513.947
Other deferred income 40.823.790 12.502.586
87.453.816 40.016.533
Long term deferred income
30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Deferred income (*) 205.467.297 202.964.552
205.467.297 202.964.552

(*) Long term deferred income represent discounts received in advance from supplier contracts.

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 8 - PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Components,
Machinery Motor Furniture
and
Leasehold spare engine Owned Construction
30
June
2025
and
equipment
vehicles fixtures improvements and
repairables
Aircraft in
progress
Total
Cost:
Opening 35.481.715 27.496.286 41.168.819 13.821.667 373.458.634 286.150.383 9.424.254 787.001.758
Additions 632.528 2.227.876 2.586.653 - 54.739.230 - 13.877.708 74.063.995
Transfers
(*)
- - - - (12.293.868) - - (12.293.868)
Closing 36.114.243 29.724.162 43.755.472 13.821.667 415.903.996 286.150.383 23.301.962 848.771.885
Accumulated
depreciation:
Opening (15.096.358) (10.151.943) (29.459.673) (13.358.614) (102.323.065) (145.644.499) - (316.034.152)
Depreciation
for
the
year
(1.160.339) (1.398.286) (1.546.380) (48.293) (14.379.984) (6.933.455) - (25.466.737)
Closing (16.256.697) (11.550.229) (31.006.053) (13.406.907) (116.703.049) (152.577.954) - (341.500.889)
Net
book
value
19.857.546 18.173.933 12.749.419 414.760 299.200.947 133.572.429 23.301.962 507.270.996

(*) Transfers at "components, spare engine and repairables" represent derecognition of components that are used as part of delivery maintenance provisions.

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 8 - PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT (cont'd)

Components,
Machinery Motor Furniture
and
Leasehold spare engine Owned Construction
30
June
2024
and
equipment
vehicles fixtures improvements and
repairables
Aircraft in
progress
Total
Cost:
Opening 33.882.470 22.022.783 36.102.691 13.466.158 205.052.745 275.625.690 8.071.106 594.223.643
Additions 558.517 1.305.168 4.335.902 - 95.438.152 537.485 1.044.590 103.219.814
Transfers
(*)
- - - - (9.401.228) - - (9.401.228)
Closing 34.440.987 23.327.951 40.438.593 13.466.158 291.089.669 276.163.175 9.115.696 688.042.229
Accumulated
depreciation:
Opening (12.882.366) (8.843.803) (26.613.317) (13.273.790) (81.576.702) (132.444.241) - (275.634.219)
Depreciation
for
the
year
(1.081.090) (943.039) (1.407.979) (51.695) (9.787.828) (6.494.838) - (19.766.469)
Closing (13.963.456) (9.786.842) (28.021.296) (13.325.485) (91.364.530) (138.939.079) - (295.400.688)
Net
book
value
20.477.531 13.541.109 12.417.297 140.673 199.725.139 137.224.096 9.115.696 392.641.541

(*) Transfers at "components, spare engine and repairables" represent derecognition of components that are used as part of delivery maintenance provisions.

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE
9
-
INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Software 30 June 2025 30 June 2024
Cost:
Opening 64.273.293 52.619.528
Additions 11.019.132 5.788.559
Closing 75.292.425 58.408.087
Accumulated amortization:
Opening (40.226.674) (32.864.322)
Amortization for the year (4.544.137) (3.609.581)
Closing (44.770.811) (36.473.903)
Net book value 30.521.614 21.934.184

NOTE 10 – RIGHT OF USE ASSETS

30 June 2025 Field Rental Building Aircraft Other Total
Cost:
Opening 14.570.782 24.733.613 5.219.572.081 311.363 5.259.187.839
Additions - - 205.902.564 - 205.902.564
Disposals - - (74.052.284) - (74.052.284)
Closing 14.570.782 24.733.613 5.351.422.361 311.363 5.391.038.119
Accumulated depreciation:
Opening (13.340.574) (396.120) (1.072.917.440) (311.363) (1.086.965.497)
Depreciation for the period (647.141) (309.170) (167.644.978) - (168.601.289)
Disposals - - 26.820.092 - 26.820.092
Closing (13.987.715) (705.290) (1.213.742.326) (311.363) (1.228.746.694)
Net book value 583.067 24.028.323 4.137.680.035 - 4.162.291.425
(*) Aircraft which are sold presented as disposals.
30 June 2024 Field Rental Building Aircraft Other Total
Cost:
Opening 14.570.782 7.785.814 4.552.802.090 311.363 4.575.470.049
Additions - 22.747.126 391.223.040 - 413.970.166
Disposals (*) - (7.785.815) (270.002.188) - (277.788.003)
Closing 14.570.782 22.747.125 4.674.022.942 311.363 4.711.652.212
Accumulated depreciation:
Opening (11.292.007) (4.952.114) (1.074.263.186) (311.363) (1.090.818.670)
Depreciation for the period (1.569.975) (592.450) (138.121.537) - (140.283.962)
Disposals (*) - 6.451.103 201.300.300 - 207.751.403
Transfers 1.001.744 (1.001.744) - - -
Closing (11.860.238) (95.205) (1.011.084.423) (311.363) (1.023.351.229)
Net book value 2.710.544 22.651.920 3.662.938.519 - 3.688.300.983

(*) Aircraft which are sold presented as disposals.

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 11 - PROVISIONS, CONTINGENT ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

Litigation

The Group is involved in lawsuits and claims that have been filed against, the total claims constituted by which, excluding reserved rights for claiming excess amounts, risk of litigation and interest, is EUR 4.911.514 as of 30 June 2025 (31 December 2024: EUR 5.093.269). These lawsuits and fines have been evaluated by the Group's management and a litigation provision of EUR 2.589.777 (31 December 2024: EUR 1.556.956) has been provided against claims for which management believes it is probable it will be required to make a payment.

Tax Inspection

The Company's VAT transactions regarding loyalty card practices in year 2018 have been examined in 2020. The Company have been notified with a report stating "no subject to be examined have been found" in May 2021. However the report evaluation commission has objected this verdict and EUR 51.165 (equivalent of TL 1.780.660) tax assessment has been declared to the Company. Against the assessment, the Company filed a tax lawsuit on September 6, 2021, the petition of the counter party was received on October 25, 2021 and the petition was answered on November 23, 2021. The 7th Tax Court of Istanbul decided to accept our case and reject all assessments on June 29, 2022, and the defendant Revenue Administration objected to the decision in August and submitted the petition of appeal to the Tax Court. The petition of appeal was notified to Company on September 28, 2022 and this petition answered within one month. Following the rejection of the opposite party's appeal, this time an appeal was made, and the defendant's appeal was served in April 2023. This petition was also answered by the Company within the time limit. The said lawsuit continues as of June 30, 2025. The Company has not recognized any provision in the consolidated financial statements in line with the opinions received from its lawyers regarding the aforementioned case.

Passenger Service Fee

T&T Havalimanı İşletmeciliği İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret Şirketi Limited filed three lawsuits against the Company before North Cyprus Lefkoşa Court of First Instance with claims of EUR 765.689, EUR 988.985 and EUR 475.031, respectively. All three lawsuits act on same claims and the airports no. 5/2013 whereby the plaintiff, as the operator of the Ercan Airport under North Cyprus Airports Services and Charges Law, claims EUR 15 passenger service fee for each Turkish Army Staff member traveling on the Company flights for the period between March 2013 and August 2020. Turkish Army Staff departing from North Cyprus are subject to an exemption from this fee under the law. The plaintiff's argument is based on the assumption that the Company has not carried any Turkish Army Staff members in this period of time. The Court of First Instance merged the first two lawsuits and rendered a judgment against the Company for a total principal payment obligation of EUR 1.679.114. No decision has yet been issued regarding the third lawsuit. The Company is of the opinion that it is legally impossible to obtain the requested documents related to the transported passengers from the relevant public authorities, and that the responsibility for implementing the requested additional inspections lies with the operating plaintiff. A legal appeal process has been initiated against the unfavorable first-instance court decision. In prior reporting periods, no provisions were recognized in relation to these cases, as the claims were not supported by concrete evidence and were based on unreasonable assumptions. Following the Company's appeal, upon the approval of the first-instance court's decision as of April 18, 2025, the payment related to the first two consolidated case files, amounting to a principal of EUR 1.679.114, was made together with interest and a provision corresponding to the claimed amount has been recognized for the ongoing third lawsuit as of the end of the interim period ended June 30, 2025.

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 12 - COMMITMENTS

Purchase Commitments

30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Commitments to purchase aircraft 25.573.665.548 29.164.611.749
25.573.665.548 29.164.611.749

As of 30 June 2025, the Group holds the right to purchase 149 aircraft on firm order. In accordance with agreement the expected deliveries are 6 aircraft in 2025, 8 aircraft in 2026, 13 aircraft in 2027, 20 aircraft in 2028, 23 aircraft in 2029, 16 aircraft in 2030, 17 aircraft in 2031, 16 aircraft in 2032, 15 aircraft in 2033, 15 aircraft in 2034. The purchase commitments for these aircraft were calculated based on their list prices and actual purchase prices are typically lower than the list prices.

The Group has provided advances on aircraft purchases amounting to EUR 239.348.791 (31 December 2024: EUR 180.072.948). Of this amount, EUR 125.699.027 is reclassified as short-term, and EUR 113.649.764 is reclassified as long-term prepayments (31 December 2024: EUR 122.857.877 is reclassified as short-term, EUR 57.215.071 is reclassified as long-term prepayments).

Collaterals-Pledges-Mortgages("CPM")

The details of the CPMs given by the Group as of 30 June 2025 is as follows:

EUR TOTAL USD EUR TL Other
59.839.603 22.155.935 36.827.460 27.307.070 3.510.824
- - - - -
- - - - -
- - - - -
- - - - -
- - - - -
- - - - -
- - - - -
- - - - -
- - - - -
- - - - -
- - - - -
- - - - -
- - - - -
- - - - -
- - - - -
- - - - -
- - - - -
59.839.603 22.155.935 36.827.460 27.307.070 3.510.824

The CPMs given by the Group are consisted of collaterals given to airports and terminals operators, aircraft leasing companies and service suppliers.

The other CPMs (in the scope of item D) given by the Group constitute 0% of the Group's equity as of 30 June 2025.

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 12 – COMMITMENTS (cont'd)

Collaterals-Pledges-Mortgages("CPM") (cont'd)

The details of the CPMs given by the Group as of 31 December 2024 is as follows:

31 December 2024 EUR TOTAL USD EUR TL Other
A. Total amounts of CPM given on behalf of its own
legal entity
-Collateral 37.857.724 19.818.530 12.544.285 109.847.593 3.324.929
-Pledge - - - - -
-Mortgage - - - - -
B. Total amounts of CPM given on behalf of
subsidiaries that are included in full consolidation
-Collateral -
-Pledge - - - -
-Mortgage - - - - -
C. Total amounts of CPM given in order to guarantee - - - - -
third parties debts for routine trade operations
-Collateral
- - - - -
-Pledge - - - - -
-Mortgage - - - - -
D. Total amounts of other CPM given
i. Total amount of CPM given on behalf of the Parent
-Collateral
-Pledge - - - - -
-Mortgage - - - - -
ii. Total amount of CPM given on behalf of other - - - - -
group companies not covered in B and C
-Collateral - - - - -
-Pledge - - - - -
-Mortgage - - - - -
iii. Total amount of CPM given on behalf of third
parties not covered in C
-Collateral - - - - -
-Pledge - - - - -
-Mortgage - - - - -
37.857.724 19.818.530 12.544.285 109.847.593 3.324.929

The CPMs given by the Group are consisted of collaterals given to airports and terminals operators, aircraft leasing companies and service suppliers.

The other CPMs (in the scope of item D) given by the Group constitute 0% of the Group's equity as of 31 December 2024.

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 13 - EXPENSES BY NATURE

The details of expenses by nature for the years periods 30 June 2025 and 30 June 2024 are as follows:

1 January- 1 January- 1 April - 1 April -
30 June 2025 30 June 2024 30 June 2025 30 June 2024
Jet fuel expenses 410.536.488 427.380.069 214.902.302 227.456.337
Personnel expenses 297.964.863 195.709.172 149.889.116 97.296.529
Depreciation and amortisation expenses 198.612.163 163.660.012 101.386.322 81.116.382
Handling and station fees 118.314.177 99.180.311 62.899.745 54.518.086
Navigation expenses 104.900.955 81.072.733 58.896.625 44.521.785
Maintenance expenses 58.560.881 52.614.489 30.082.422 28.294.678
Landing expenses 58.655.221 46.593.773 31.778.343 25.327.312
Passenger service and catering expenses 21.098.708 14.832.632 9.912.654 7.157.911
Advertising expenses 12.126.673 10.035.056 5.484.089 6.335.480
Commission expenses 11.477.748 9.874.805 7.478.379 5.014.777
Short term operational lease expenses 1.936.738 1.209.149 1.936.738 145.969
Other expenses 107.372.631 75.847.442 50.478.467 37.568.743
1.401.557.246 1.178.009.643 725.125.202 614.753.989

NOTE 14 - SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

The Company's shareholding structure as of 30 June 2025 and 31 December 2024 are as follows:

30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Shareholders (%) EUR (%) EUR
Esas Holding 52,81 121.485.811 52,81 121.485.811
Publicly held 45,37 104.375.962 45,37 104.375.962
Emine Kamışlı 0,61 1.392.059 0,61 1.392.059
Ali İsmail
Sabancı
0,61 1.392.059 0,61 1.392.059
Kazım Köseoğlu 0,30 696.030 0,30 696.030
Can Köseoğlu 0,30 696.030 0,30 696.030
EUR historic capital 100,00 230.037.951 100,00 230.037.951

The Company's share capital consists of 500.000.000 shares of par value TL 1 each (31 December 2024: 500.000.000 shares). All issued shares are fully paid in cash.

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 15 - REVENUE AND COST OF SALES

The details of revenue and cost of sales for the periods ended 30 June 2025 and 30 June 2024 are as follows:

Revenue:

1 January-
30 June 2025
1 January-
30 June 2024
1 April -
30 June 2025
1 April -
30 June 2024
Scheduled flight and service revenue 1.476.691.342 1.259.365.147 861.626.410 747.007.257
International flight revenue 697.469.303 633.598.875 429.737.023 387.022.689
Domestic flight revenue 199.596.119 165.560.934 114.507.581 97.695.521
Service revenue 579.625.920 460.205.338 317.381.806 262.289.047
Charter flight and service revenue 15.124.715 17.616.467 11.724.113 13.558.879
Charter flight revenue 15.124.715 17.616.467 11.724.113 13.558.879
Other revenue 5.868.728 4.958.849 2.674.520 2.652.101
1.497.684.785 1.281.940.463 876.025.043 763.218.237

The Group's revenue is disaggregated into revenue from scheduled flights, revenue from chartered flights, and other revenues in accordance with the IFRS 15 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" standard. However, although the Group does not consider service revenues within these disaggregated revenue items as a separate performance obligation, it presents additional information due to their frequent disclosure to investors and continuous review by the authorities empowered to make decisions regarding operations.

Geographical details of revenue from the scheduled flights are as follows:

1 January- 1 January- 1 April - 1 April -
30 June 2025 30 June 2024 30 June 2025 30 June 2024
Europe 503.233.406 452.731.175 331.472.704 290.544.886
Domestic 199.596.119 165.560.934 114.507.581 97.695.521
Other 194.235.897 180.867.700 98.264.319 96.477.803
897.065.422 799.159.809 544.244.604 484.718.210

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 15 - REVENUE AND COST OF SALES (cont'd)

Cost of sales:

1 January-
30 June 2025
1 January-
30 June 2024
1 April -
30 June 2025
1 April -
30 June 2024
Jet fuel expenses 410.536.488 427.380.069 214.902.302 227.456.337
Personnel expenses 272.858.325 175.234.762 137.633.646 86.195.295
Depreciation and amortisation expenses 189.598.640 156.476.882 96.761.645 77.402.200
Handling and station fees 118.314.177 99.180.311 62.899.745 54.518.086
Navigation expenses 104.900.955 81.072.733 58.896.625 44.521.785
Maintenance expenses 58.560.881 52.614.489 30.082.422 28.294.678
Landing expenses 58.655.221 46.593.773 31.778.343 25.327.312
Passenger service and catering expenses 21.098.708 14.832.632 9.912.654 7.157.911
Insurance expenses 10.185.958 9.612.249 5.125.122 4.844.652
Short term lease expenses 1.936.738 1.209.149 1.936.738 145.969
Other expenses 70.639.407 43.812.179 31.583.533 20.072.045
1.317.285.498 1.108.019.228 681.512.775 575.936.270

NOTE 16 - GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES AND SELLING AND MARKETING EXPENSES

1 January-
30 June 2025
1 January-
30 June 2024
1 April -
30 June 2025
1 April -
30 June 2024
General administrative expenses 49.046.953 39.905.372 25.081.051 22.295.054
Marketing expenses 35.224.795 30.085.043 18.531.376 16.522.665
84.271.748 69.990.415 43.612.427 38.817.719

The details of general administrative expenses and marketing expenses for the periods ended 30 June 2025 and 30 June 2024 are as follows (there are no research & development expenses in the periods ended in respective dates):

General administrative expenses:

1 January-
30 June 2025
1 January-
30 June 2024
1 April -
30 June 2025
1 April -
30 June 2024
Personnel expenses 19.988.404 16.172.241 9.756.736 8.739.831
IT expenses 12.146.376 9.482.136 6.331.245 5.205.584
Depreciation and amortisation expenses 7.210.818 5.746.504 3.699.741 2.971.346
Consultancy expenses 3.153.336 2.693.727 1.872.511 1.895.385
Office utility expenses 1.171.256 988.202 664.680 455.946
Legal and notary expenses 1.424.258 896.382 868.524 475.559
Communication expenses 762.222 1.359.235 136.254 977.789
Travel expenses 1.198.181 1.195.620 682.989 738.619
Training expenses 216.206 77.563 131.557 41.695
Other expenses 1.775.896 1.293.762 936.814 793.300
49.046.953 39.905.372 25.081.051 22.295.054

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 16 - GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES AND SELLING AND MARKETING EXPENSES (cont'd)

Marketing expenses:

1 January-
30 June 2025
1 January-
30 June 2024
1 April -
30 June 2025
1 April -
30 June 2024
Advertising expenses 12.126.673 10.035.056 5.484.089 6.335.480
Commission expenses 11.477.748 9.874.805 7.478.379 5.014.777
Personnel expenses 5.118.134 4.302.169 2.498.734 2.361.403
Call center expenses 3.290.116 3.060.400 1.461.705 1.388.981
Depreciation and amortisation expenses 1.802.705 1.436.626 924.936 742.836
Other expenses 1.409.419 1.375.987 683.533 679.188
35.224.795 30.085.043 18.531.376 16.522.665

NOTE 17 - OTHER OPERATING INCOME AND EXPENSES

The details of other operating income and expenses for the periods ended 30 June 2025 and 30 June 2024 are as follows:

Other operating income:

1 January-
30 June 2025
1 January-
30 June 2024
1 April -
30 June 2025
1 April -
30 June 2024
Foreign exchange gain from operating activities, net - 9.266.029 - (109.533)
Reversal of doubtful cash and cash equivalents 339.332 - 102.867 -
Reversal of doubtful provision 13.855 - 69.755 -
Other - 286.496 - 286.496
353.187 9.552.525 172.622 176.963

Other operating expenses:

1 January-
30 June 2025
1 January-
30 June 2024
1 April -
30 June 2025
1 April -
30 June 2024
Foreign exchange loss from operating activities, net 121.575.587 - 85.406.740
Legal provision and penalty expense 3.313.503 281.776 460.256 140.343
Doubtful receivable allowance expense - 50.071 - (389.002)
Trade receivables allowance expense 525.544 239.369 583.667 16.706
Cash and cash equivalents allowance expense - 120.498 - (29.632)
Other 1.702.229 1.166.682 971.669 432.097
127.116.863 1.858.396 87.422.332 170.512

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 18 - INCOME AND EXPENSES FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

The details of income from investing activities for the periods ended 30 June 2025 and 30 June 2024 are as follows:

Income from investing activities:

1 January- 1 January- 1 April - 1 April -
30 June 2025 30 June 2024 30 June 2025 30 June 2024
Interest income from time deposits 22.216.313 9.833.068 15.225.286 4.369.332
Gain arising from aircraft sale 6.991.027 6.493.452 44.100 (1.219.507)
Interest income from eurobond 13.605.212 11.588.949 (469.854) 3.607.294
Gain from eurobond sales (*) 413.369 1.079.024 245.102 1.079.024
Income from sale of fixed assets 1.667.122 - 3.431.561 -
Other income 290.809 84.305 285.686 -
45.183.852 29.078.798 18.761.881 7.836.143

(*) The amounts represents gains arising from the sale of financial investments that are carried at fair value through other comphensive income.

Expense from investing activities:

1 January- 1 January- 1 April - 1 April -
30 June 2025 30 June 2024 30 June 2025 30 June 2024
Loss from eurobond sales 22.659 - 22.659 -
Financial investments allowance expense - 6.064.225 - 1.176.247
22.659 6.064.225 22.659 1.176.247

NOTE 19 - FINANCIAL INCOME AND EXPENSES

The details of financial income and expenses for the periods ended 30 June 2025 and 30 June 2024 are as follows:

Financial income:

1 January- 1 January- 1 April - 1 April -
30 June 2025 30 June 2024 30 June 2025 30 June 2024
Foreign exchange gain, net 183.542.470 - 134.550.412 -
Interest income 30.433.105 21.913.092 15.271.703 11.467.849
Gain on derivative contracts - 1.175.460 - 1.120.309
213.975.575 23.088.552 149.822.115 12.588.158

Financial expenses:

1 January- 1 January- 1 April - 1 April -
30 June 2025 30 June 2024 30 June 2025 30 June 2024
Interest expense on leases 78.377.965 85.481.093 39.010.895 42.135.102
Interest expense on issued debt instruments 20.150.442 16.003.672 9.696.711 8.069.148
Commission and other expenses 20.937.068 18.933.226 20.937.068 10.256.029
Losses from derivative contracts 4.626.853 - 2.582.598 -
Interest expense on bank loans 4.680.149 10.604.850 (8.547.756) 4.929.943
Foreign exchange loss, net - 41.368.920 - 9.850.580
128.772.477 172.391.761 63.679.516 75.240.802

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 20 - EARNINGS PER SHARE

Earnings per share disclosed in the consolidated statements of income are determined by dividing the net income by the weighted number of shares that have been outstanding during the period concerned. Weighted average number of shares for 2024 and 2025 is calculated using the actual number of shares outstanding during the period, taking into consideration the actual date of capital increase.

Number of total shares and calculation of earnings per share at 30 June 2025 and 30 June 2024 are as follows:

1 January- 1 January- 1 April - 1 April -
30 June 2025 30 June 2024 30 June 2025 30 June 2024
Net profit 59.793.220 9.036.903 121.666.867 111.993.680
Weighted average number of shares issued in the year 500.000.000 500.000.000 500.000.000 500.000.000
Income per share 0,12 0,02 0,24 0,47

NOTE 21 - DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Fair Value of Derivative Instruments

30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Asset Liability Asset Liability
Short term - 16.038.240 3.963.837 4.645.693
Long term - 2.327.180 - 364.343
- 18.365.420 3.963.837 5.010.036

Explanations related to derivative instruments are disclosed in Note 24.

NOTE 22 - FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Financial Assets

Short term 30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Financial investments measured at amortized cost 224.347.274 172.455.687
Financial assets recognized at fair value through profit or loss 93.094.305 101.104.332
Time Deposit (*) 8.788.335 28.842.985
Less: Allowance for impairment under IFRS 9 (294.229) (354.693)
325.935.685 302.048.311

(*) The balance includes time deposits and with original maturities between three months and one year.

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 22 - FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (cont'd)

Financial Assets (cont'd)

Long term 30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Financial investments measured at amortized cost 140.594.950 129.950.216
Less: Allowance for impairment under IFRS 9 (1.617.729) (4.179.940)
138.977.221 125.770.276

Financial investments accounted at amortized cost

30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Short term financial investments measured at amortized cost 224.347.274 172.455.687
Long term financial investments measured at amortized cost 140.594.950 129.950.216
364.942.224 302.405.903
30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Government Debt Securities 142.610.296 192.939.473
Corporate Debt Securities 222.331.928 109.466.430
364.942.224 302.405.903

The Group's fixed income securities are accounted at their amortized costs using the effective interest rate. These securities are denominated in Euros, US Dollars and Pounds or pay fixed interest every year and every six months.

The weighted average coupon interest rates of existing Euro, US Dollar and Pounds financial investments that are measured at amortized cost as of 30 June 2025 and 31 December 2024 are as follows:

Weighted average
Coupon Interest Rate (%) FX Type Asset Value EUR
Government Debt Securities 7,5 US Dollars 124.838.029
Government Debt Securities 6,2 GBP 17.772.267
Corporate Debt Securities 6,4 US Dollars 191.305.719
Corporate Debt Securities 5,9 Euro 25.100.458
Corporate Debt Securities 6,2 GBP 5.925.751
30 June 2025 364.942.224
Weighted average
Coupon Interest Rate (%) FX Type Asset Value EUR
Government Debt Securities 7,6 US Dollars 180.234.119
Government Debt Securities 6,7 GBP 12.705.354
Corporate Debt Securities 7,2 US Dollars 84.170.737
Corporate Debt Securities 6,7 Euro 25.295.693
31 December 2024 302.405.903

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 22 - FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (cont'd)

Financial Assets (cont'd)

Financial investments at fair value through other comprehensive income

30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Government Debt Securities 78.391.483 72.038.270
Corporate Debt Securities 14.702.822 29.066.062
93.094.305 101.104.332

The coupon interest rates of the financial investments in US Dollars that are measured by their fair value and continues as of the reporting date are as follows.

Weighted average
Coupon Interest Rate (%) FX Type Asset Value EUR
Government Debt Securities 8,0 US Dollars 78.391.483
Corporate Debt Securities 7,6 US Dollars 14.702.822
30 June 2025 93.094.305
Weighted average
Coupon Interest Rate (%) FX Type Asset Value EUR
Government Debt Securities 8,4 US Dollars 72.038.270
Corporate Debt Securities 8,1 US Dollars 29.066.062
31 December 2024 101.104.332

The financial investments at fair value through other comprehensive income is composed of bonds. These investments are denominated in US Dollars and pay fixed interest every year or every six months.

Financial Liabilities

The details of financial liabilities as of 30 June 2025 and 31 December 2024 are as follows:

Short term financial liabilities 30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Short term bank borrowings 47.926.320 172.048.659
47.926.320 172.048.659

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 22 - FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (cont'd)

Financial Liabilities

Short term portion of long term financial liabilities 30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Short term portion of long term bank borrowings 84.141.065 21.884.352
Principal and interest of bonds issued 34.398.537 198.049.610
Discount and commissions of bonds issued (828.245) (1.721.390)
Lease liabilities 400.256.701 405.833.468
Short term portion of long term
lease liabilities 49.860.681 50.453.044
Short term portion of long term
lease liabilities with purchase option 350.396.020 355.380.424
517.968.058 624.046.040
Long term financial liabilities 30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Long term bank borrowings 58.182.187 22.009.344
Issued debt instruments (*) 402.301.159 452.471.482
Discount and commissions of bonds issued (4.673.238) (4.683.282)
Lease liabilities 3.111.883.442 3.260.356.410
Long term lease liabilities 168.077.123 205.615.854
Long term lease liabilities with purchase option 2.943.806.319 3.054.740.556
3.567.693.550 3.730.153.954

(*) The Group issued bonds to qualified investors abroad on April 29, 2021, which were issued under the "Rule 144A" and/or "Regulation S" format, have a nominal value of US\$ 375.000.000, at 9,25% interest rate and the maturity is 5 years with an early payment option in the third and fourth years. The settlement process was completed and the bonds were fully redeemed following the repurchase by the Group of bonds amounting to USD 211,086,000 on September 12, 2024, and the remaining bonds amounting to USD 163,914,000 on April 28, 2025, from the respective investors.

The Group issued bonds to qualified investors abroad on September 11, 2024, which were issued under the "Rule 144A" and/or "Regulation S" format, have a nominal value of US\$ 500.000.000, at 8,00% interest rate and the maturity is 7 years with an early payment option starting at the end of three years.

The bonds are traded on the Irish Stock Exchange (Euronext Dublin). There are some financial covenants in the Terms and Conditions of the notes. The covenants of the notes are; negative pledge, limitation in indebtedness, publication of financial information, limitations on transactions with affiliates, minimum liquidity, merger, consolidation and sale of all assets substantially, limitation on asset sales, limitation on restricted payments. As of 30 June 2025, the Group complied with all covenants.

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 22 - FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (cont'd)

Financial Liabilities (cont'd)

Bank Borrowings

The effective interest rates, original currency and EUR equivalents of the short and long term bank borrowings as of 30 June 2025 and 31 December 2024 are as follows :

30 June 2025 Weighted average
interest rate (%)
Currency Original
amount
EUR
equivalent
Short term bank borrowings 4,93 Euro 47.926.320 47.926.320
Short term portion of long term bank borrowings 4,57 Euro 84.141.065 84.141.065
Long term bank borrowings 3,73 Euro 58.182.187 58.182.187
190.249.572
Weighted average Original EUR
31 December 2024 interest rate (%) Currency amount equivalent
Short term bank borrowings 6,09 Euro 172.048.659 172.048.659
Short term portion of long term bank borrowings 4,22 Euro 21.884.352 21.884.352
Long term bank borrowings 4,19 Euro 22.009.344 22.009.344
215.942.355

Lease Liabilities

The details of lease liabilities as of 30 June 2025 and 31 December 2024 are as follows:

30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Less than 1 year 509.002.261 542.771.838
Between 1 - 5 years 2.013.902.426 2.028.348.701
Over 5 years 1.629.108.905 1.808.218.806
4.152.013.592 4.379.339.345
Less: Future interest expenses (639.873.449) (713.149.467)
3.512.140.143 3.666.189.878

Present value of minimum lease payments of lease liabilities are as follows;

30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Less than 1 year 400.256.701 405.833.468
Between 1 - 5 years 1.654.591.294 1.659.063.767
Over 5 years 1.457.292.148 1.601.292.643
3.512.140.143 3.666.189.878

The Group acquire certain of its handling equipment and aircraft through lease arrangements. The average lease term is 5,85 years. For the period ended 30 June 2025, the floating interest rate applicable to Eurodenominated lease liabilities, amounting to EUR 2.531.450.010, is 3,07% (31 December 2024: 3,40%) and the floating rate applicable to US Dollar-denominated lease liabilities, amounting to EUR 325.856.788, is 5,91% (31 December 2024: 6,28%).

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 22 - FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (cont'd)

Financial Liabilities (cont'd)

Reconciliation of obligations arising from financing activities

The changes in the Group's liabilities arising from financing activities are given in the following table:

Utilized
bank loans and
1 January 2025 repayments, (net)
Finance lease
obtained and
repayment of
principals
Non-cash
changes
30 June 2025
Bank loans and
Issued debt instruments
Lease payables
860.058.775
3.666.189.878
(221.507.764)
-
-
(271.256.076)
(17.103.226)
117.206.341
621.447.785
3.512.140.143
4.526.248.653 (221.507.764) (271.256.076) 100.103.115 4.133.587.928
Utilized
bank loans and
1 January 2024 repayments, (net)
Finance lease
obtained and
repayment of
principals
Non-cash
changes
30 June 2024
Bank loans and
Issued debt instruments
Lease payables
602.031.364
3.067.109.853
34.117.267
-
-
(250.315.226)
53.259.216
387.538.950
689.407.847
3.204.333.577
3.669.141.217 34.117.267 (250.315.226) 440.798.166 3.893.741.424

NOTE 23 - NATURE AND LEVEL OF RISKS DERIVING FROM FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Financial Risk Factors

Market risk

The Group's activities expose financial risks: market risk (including currency risk, fair value interest rate risk, cash flow interest rate risk and price risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. The Group's overall risk management plan focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimise potential adverse effects on the Group's financial performance. The Group uses derivative financial instruments to hedge certain risk exposures.

Foreign currency risk management

The Group has transactions in non-Euro currencies including Turkish Lira revenues, US Dollar borrowings and fuel purchases. These non-Euro denominated transactions expose the Group to foreign currency risk. Exchange rate exposures are managed within approved policy parameters utilising forward foreign exchange contracts.

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 23 - NATURE AND LEVEL OF RISKS DERIVING FROM FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (cont'd)

Financial Risk Factors (cont'd)

Foreign currency risk management

The Group's foreign currency position of monetary and non-monetary assets/liabilities for the years ended 30 June 2025 and 31 December 2024 are as follows:

30 June 2025 EUR Total USD TL GBP Other
1. Trade receivables 77.514.454 14.936.778 2.501.886.727 1.782.586 8.932.356
2a. Monetary financial assets 1.005.520.121 845.446.577 6.733.895.229 25.961.352 108.705.175
2b. Non monetary financial assets - - - - -
3. Other 11.984.939 11.352.110 221.948 213.985 2.038.214
4. CURRENT ASSETS 1.095.019.514 871.735.465 9.236.003.904 27.957.923 119.675.745
5. Trade receivables - - - - -
6a. Monetary financial assets 138.977.221 162.792.156 - - -
6b. Non monetary financial assets - - - - -
7. Other 5.209.215 4.652.059 1.878.344 63.000 1.123.593
8. NON CURRENT ASSETS 144.186.436 167.444.215 1.878.344 63.000 1.123.593
9. TOTAL ASSETS 1.239.205.950 1.039.179.680 9.237.882.248 28.020.923 120.799.338
10. Trade payables 146.948.681 118.050.614 1.960.138.209 901.039 3.006.848
11. Financial liabilities 132.471.080 154.894.708 10.985.736 - -
12a. Other liabilitites, monetary 125.127.110 53.949.413 3.519.200.716 312.055 3.108.377
12b. Other liabilities, non monetary - - - - -
13. CURRENT LIABILITIES 404.546.871 326.894.735 5.490.324.661 1.213.094 6.115.225
14. Trade payables - - - - -
15. Financial liabilities 1.215.140.253 1.423.364.924 - - -
16a. Other lliabilities, monetary 175.073.204 150.214.808 2.180.215.845 - -
16b. Other liabilities, non monetary - - - - -
17. NON CURRENT LIABILITIES 1.390.213.457 1.573.579.732 2.180.215.845 - -
18. TOTAL LIABILITIES 1.794.760.328 1.900.474.467 7.670.540.506 1.213.094 6.115.225
19. Net asset / (liability) position of Off-statement of
financial position derivatives (19a-19b) - - - - -
19.a Off-statement of financial position foreign currency
derivative assets - - - - -
19b. Off-statement of financial position foreign currency
derivative liabilities - - - - -
20. Net foreign currency asset/(liability)
position (555.554.378) (861.294.787) 1.567.341.742 26.807.829 114.684.113
21. Net foreign currency asset / (liability)
position of monetary items
(1+2a+3+5+6a+7-10-11-12a-14-15-16a) (555.554.378) (861.294.787) 1.567.341.742 26.807.829 114.684.113

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 23 - NATURE AND LEVEL OF RISKS DERIVING FROM FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (cont'd)

Financial Risk Factors (cont'd)

Foreign currency risk management

31 December 2024 EUR Total USD TL GBP Other
1. Trade receivables 52.554.233 7.421.689 1.404.084.196 1.817.410 5.037.207
2a. Monetary financial assets 1.252.994.150 1.163.326.747 4.022.451.465 14.824.938 10.452.061
2b. Non monetary financial assets - - - - -
3. Other 6.221.712 1.727.019 166.711.936 23.797 206
4. CURRENT ASSETS 1.311.770.095 1.172.475.455 5.593.247.597 16.666.145 15.489.474
5. Trade receivables - - - - -
6a. Monetary financial assets 125.770.279 131.196.247 - - -
6b. Non monetary financial assets - - - - -
7. Other 7.828.521 6.695.999 1.543.144 63.000 1.291.589
8. NON CURRENT ASSETS 133.598.800 137.892.246 1.543.144 63.000 1.291.589
9. TOTAL ASSETS 1.445.368.895 1.310.367.701 5.594.790.741 16.729.145 16.781.063
10. Trade payables 124.022.824 90.371.223 1.020.393.435 2.635.892 6.443.828
11. Financial liabilities 300.796.277 313.459.380 11.053.764 - -
12a. Other liabilitites, monetary 103.036.729 10.378.007 3.369.137.300 254.401 1.086.662
12b. Other liabilities, non monetary - - - - -
13. CURRENT LIABILITIES 527.855.830 414.208.610 4.400.584.499 2.890.293 7.530.490
14. Trade payables - - - - -
15. Financial liabilities 1.373.954.809 1.433.084.260 5.127.331 - -
16a. Other lliabilities, monetary 249.540.410 216.012.353 1.560.170.434 - -
16b. Other liabilities, non monetary - - - - -
17. NON CURRENT LIABILITIES 1.623.495.219 1.649.096.613 1.565.297.765 - -
18. TOTAL LIABILITIES 2.151.351.049 2.063.305.223 5.965.882.264 2.890.293 7.530.490
19. Net asset / (liability) position of Off-statement of
financial position derivatives (19a-19b) 488.885 21.424.898 - (16.650.000) -
19.a Off-statement of financial position foreign currency
derivative assets 20.538.815 21.424.898 - - -
19b. Off-statement of financial position foreign currency
derivative liabilities 20.049.930 - - 16.650.000 -
20. Net foreign currency asset/(liability)
position (705.982.154) (752.937.522) (371.091.523) 13.838.852 9.250.573
21. Net foreign currency asset / (liability)
position of monetary items
(1+2a+3+5+6a+7-10-11-12a-14-15-16a) (705.982.154) (752.937.522) (371.091.523) 13.838.852 9.250.573

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 23 - NATURE AND LEVEL OF RISKS DERIVING FROM FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (cont'd)

Financial Risk Factors (cont'd)

Foreign currency risk management

Foreign currency sensitivity

The Group is exposed to foreign exchange risk arising primarily with respect to the US Dollar and Turkish Lira. The following table details the Group's sensitivity to a 10% increase and decrease in US Dollar, and TL. 10% is the sensitivity rate used when reporting foreign currency risk internally to key management personnel and represents management's assessment of the possible change in foreign exchange rates. The sensitivity analysis includes only outstanding foreign currency denominated items and adjusts their translation at the period end for a 10% change in foreign currency rates.

Foreign currency sensitivity tables as of 30 June 2025 and 31 December 2024 are as follows:

30 June 2025 Profit/(Loss) Shareholders' equity
If foreign currency If foreign currency If foreign currency If foreign currency
appreciated 10% depreciated 10% appreciated 10% depreciated 10%
Effect of 10% change in USD rate
USD net asset / (liability) (73.529.560) 73.529.560 - -
Part of hedged from USD risk - - - -
USD net effect (73.529.560) 73.529.560 - -
Effect of 10% change in TL rate
TL net asset / (liability) 3.366.819 (3.366.819) 210.006.382 (210.006.382)
Part of hedged from TL risk - - - -
TL net effect 3.366.819 (3.366.819) 210.006.382 (210.006.382)
Effect of 10% change in GBP rate
GBP net asset / liability 3.138.892 (3.138.892) -
Part of hedged from GBP risk - - - -
GBP net effect 3.138.892 -
(3.138.892) -
-
31 December 2024 Profit/(Loss) Shareholders' equity
If foreign currency If foreign currency If foreign currency If foreign currency
appreciated 10% depreciated 10% appreciated 10% depreciated 10%
Effect of 10% change in USD rate
USD net asset / (liability) (72.268.639) 72.268.639 - -
Part of hedged from USD risk 2.053.881 (2.053.881) - -
USD net effect (70.214.758) 70.214.758 - -
Effect of 10% change in TL rate
TL net asset / (liability) 3.236.214 (3.236.214) 204.276.306 (204.276.306)
Part of hedged from TL risk - - - -
TL net effect 3.236.214 (3.236.214) 204.276.306 (204.276.306)
Effect of 10% change in GBP rate
GBP net asset / liability 1.666.475 (1.666.475) - -
Part of hedged from GBP risk (2.004.993) 2.004.993 - -
GBP net effect (338.518) 338.518 - -

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 24 - FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (FAIR VALUE AND HEDGE ACCOUNTING DISCLOSURES)

Group Management believes that the carrying values of financial instruments approximates their fair values, except for financial investments, lease liabilities and issued debt instruments. The fair value of financial investments and issued bonds is determined by considering the market value (level 1).

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Financial
and
assets
Financial derivative
instruments
Derivative
and
assets
which
are recognized
instruments
which
are
liabilities
at
fair
value
in
at
recognized
fair
at
30
June
2025
amortized
cost
shareholders'
equity
value
in
profit/loss
Carrying
amount
Note
Financial
assets
Cash
and
cash
equivalents
849
135
233
- - 849
135
233
27
Trade
receivables
104
546
028
- - 104
546
028
6
- Other 104
546
028
- - 104
546
028
6
Other
receivables
96
507
404
- - 96
507
404
- Other 96
507
404
- - 96
507
404
Financial
investments
335
256
632
93
094
305
- 464
912
906
22
Financial
liabilities
Bank
borrowings
190
249
573
- - 190
249
573
22
Issued
debt
instruments
566
619
697
- - 431
198
212
Trade
payables
303
465
600
- - 303
465
600
6
- Related
party
891
026
- - 891
026
5
- Other 302
574
574
- - 302
574
574
Other
payables
18
178
356
- - 18
178
356
Derivative
financial
liabilities
- 18
365
420
- 18
365
420
21

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 24 - FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (FAIR VALUE AND HEDGE ACCOUNTING DISCLOSURES) (cont'd)

Fair Value of Financial Instruments (cont'd)

Financial
and
assets
Financial derivative
instruments
Derivative
and
assets
which
are recognized
instruments
which
are
liabilities
at
fair
in
value
at
recognized
fair
at
31
December
2024
amortized
cost
shareholders'
equity
value
in
profit/loss
Carrying
amount
Note
Financial
assets
Cash
and
cash
equivalents
1
258
979
406
- - 1
258
979
406
27
Trade
receivables
73
467
728
- - 73
467
728
6
- Other 73
467
728
- - 73
467
728
6
Other
receivables
87
803
523
- - 87
803
523
- Other 87
803
523
- - 87
803
523
Financial
investments
301
198
757
101
104
332
- 427
818
587
22
Derivative
financial
assets
- - 3
963
837
3
963
837
21
Financial
liabilities
Bank
borrowings
215
942
354
- - 215
942
355
22
Issued
debt
instruments
636
265
140
- - 644
116
420
Trade
payables
216
174
134
- - 216
174
134
6
- Related
party
1
194
536
- - 1
194
536
5
- Other 214
979
598
- - 214
979
598
Other
payables
12
519
590
- - 12
519
590
Derivative
financial
liabilities
- 010
036
5
- 010
036
5
21

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 24 - FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (FAIR VALUE AND HEDGE ACCOUNTING DISCLOSURES) (cont'd)

Fair Value of Financial Instruments (cont'd)

The fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities are determined and grouped as follows:

  • Level 1: the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities with standard terms and conditions and traded on active liquid markets are determined with reference to quoted market prices:
  • Level 2: the fair value of other financial assets and financial liabilities (excluding derivative instruments) are determined in accordance with generally accepted pricing models based on discounted cash flow analysis using prices from observable current market transactions; and
  • Level 3: the fair value of financial assets and liabilities are determined by the input that does not reflect an actual data observed in the market while finding the fair value of an asset or liability.
Financial assets /
(Financial liabilities)
Fair value as at Fair value hierarchy Valuation
technique
30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Fuel purchase option
contracts
(18.365.420) (5.010.036) Level 2 Discounted cash
flow method
Currency forward
contracts
- 3.963.837 Level 2 Discounted cash
flow method
Currency
forward
Fuel purchase
option
30 June 2025 contracts contracts Total
Fair value:
Opening 3.963.837 (5.010.036) (1.046.199)
Fair value increase
Recognized in equity - (13.355.384) (13.355.384)
Recognized in profit or loss (3.963.837) - (3.963.837)
Closing - (18.365.420) (18.365.420)
Assets
Liabilities -
-
-
(18.365.420)
-
(18.365.420)
Total net assets and liabilities - (18.365.420) (18.365.420)

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 24 - FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (FAIR VALUE AND HEDGE ACCOUNTING DISCLOSURES) (cont'd)

Fair Value of Financial Instruments (cont'd)

Currency Fuel purchase
forward option
31 December 2024 contracts contracts Total
Fair value:
Opening 387.044 (5.321.150) (4.934.106)
Fair value increase / (decrease)
Recognized in equity - 311.114 311.114
Recognized in profit or loss 3.576.793 - 3.576.793
Closing 3.963.837 (5.010.036) (1.046.199)
Assets 3.963.837 - 3.963.837
Liabilities - (5.010.036) (5.010.036)
Total net assets and liabilities 3.963.837 (5.010.036) (1.046.199)

The Group has forward fuel purchase option contracts, which are subject to hedge accounting, at a rate of 64,3% and 33,4% of the total fuel consumption estimated to occur in a period shorter than 1 year and more than 1 year, respectively. In line with its hedging policy, the Group can conclude contracts with maturities up to 24 months. As of 30 June 2025, the contracts last until June 2027. The total nominal value of these contracts is USD 662,5 million, and the weighted average price is in the range of USD 62- 77. The ineffective portion of the hedge is not material as of 30 June 2025. In the current period, the expense that is reclassified from hedging gain/(losses) fund under shareholders' equity to fuel expenses in the profit or loss statement is amounting to EUR 1.635.253 (30 June 2024: EUR 1.958.525 derivative income are charged to finance expenses).

NOTE 25 - EVENTS AFTER BALANCE SHEET DATE

Not available.

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 26 – INCOME TAX EXPENSE

The Group is subject to corporate tax applicable in Türkiye. The corporate tax rate in Türkiye is applied as 25% for the 2024 taxation period. It continues to be applied as 25% for the 2025 taxation period. While calculating deferred tax on temporary differences, the Company takes into account the tax rates applicable at the date of closing of the temporary differences.

The tax expense components of 30 June 2025 and 30 June 2024 are presented below:

1 January- 1 January
30 June 2025 30 June 2024
Tax income/(expense)
- Current tax expense - -
- Deferred tax income/(expense) (41.463.402) 22.463.613
Total tax income/(expense) (41.463.402) 22.463.613

The Group's earnings from investments tied to an incentive certificate are subject to corporate tax at discounted rates, starting from the accounting period in which the investment is partially or fully operational, until the investment contribution amount is reached. In this context, tax advantage amounting to EUR 247.447.504 (31 December 2024: EUR 203.282.895) that the Group will benefit from in the foreseeable future as of 30 June 2025 is reflected in the interim condensed consolidated financial statements as a deferred tax asset. As a result of the recognition of the mentioned tax advantage as of 30 June 2025, deferred tax income amounting to EUR 44.164.610 has recognised in the interim condensed consolidated profit or loss statement for the period 1 January - 30 June 2025.

Deferred tax assets are recognized when it is determined that taxable income is likely to occur in the coming years. In cases where taxable income is likely to occur, deferred tax assets are calculated over deductible temporary differences, tax losses and tax advantages vested in indefinite-lived investment incentives that allow reduced corporate tax payments. In this context, the Group bases the reflection of deferred tax assets arising from investment incentives in the interim condensed consolidated financial statements on long-term plans and evaluates the recoverability of deferred tax assets related to these investment incentives as of each reporting date. This evaluation is conducted based on business models that include estimations of taxable profits.

In the sensitivity analysis carried out as of 30 June 2025, when the inputs in the basic macroeconomic and sectoral assumptions that make up the business plans are increased/decreased by 10%, the duration of the foreseen period for recognizing deferred tax assets related to investment incentives remains unchanged.

NOTES TO THE INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF 30 JUNE 2025

(Amounts are expressed full Euros (EUR) unless otherwise stated.)

NOTE 27 - EXPLANATIONS RELATED TO STATEMENT OF CASH FLOW

The details of cash and cash equivalents as of 30 June 2025 and 31 December 2024 are as follows:

30 June 2025 31 December 2024
Cash on hand 64.566 50.008
Cash at banks 849.313.437 1.259.666.911
- Demand deposits 64.931.261 23.318.830
- Time deposits 784.382.176 1.236.348.081
Less: Allowance for impairment under IFRS 9 (242.770) (737.513)
849.135.233 1.258.979.406

The weighted average interest rates of time deposits are as presented below:

30 June 2025 Weighted average
interest rates Total
USD deposits 4,36 % 520.796.964
EUR deposits 3,72 % 113.704.739
TL deposits 48,07 % 145.066.198
GBP deposits 0,50 % 4.571.785
IRR deposits 5,00 % 242.489
784.382.175
31 December 2024 Weighted average
interest rates
Total
EUR deposits 2,65 % 271.336.285
TL deposits 48,88 % 108.344.284
GBP deposits 0,50 % 3.115.816
IRR deposits 5,00 % 5.776.610
1.236.348.081

As of 30 June 2025 and 31 December 2024 time deposits maturities are less than 90 days.

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