ORANGE MINERALS NL

Orange Minerals NL

Corporations Act

Public No Liability Company

ACN 650 435 895

CONSTITUTION

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INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 8	INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 8
1.	NATURE OF COMPANY ........................................................................................ 8
2.	STATUS OF CONSTITUTION AND REPLACEABLE RULES................................. 8
3.	DEFINITIONS AND INTERPRETATION ................................................................. 8
4.	EXERCISE OF POWERS ..................................................................................... 10
5.	SEVERABILITY .................................................................................................... 10
CAPITAL AND VARIATION OF RIGHTS ............................................................................ 10
6.	CAPITAL AND CONTROL OF ISSUE OF SHARES ............................................. 10
7.	VARIATION OF RIGHTS ...................................................................................... 10
8.	UNMARKETABLE PARCELS ............................................................................... 11
9.	BROKERAGE AND COMMISSION ...................................................................... 13
10.	JOINT HOLDERS ................................................................................................. 13
11.	RECOGNITION OF OWNERSHIP ........................................................................ 14
12.	CERTIFICATES AND CHESS STATEMENTS ...................................................... 14
LIEN ON SHARES .............................................................................................................. 15
13.	RIGHT TO LIEN .................................................................................................... 15
14.	IMPOSITION OF A LIABILITY .............................................................................. 16
15.	SALE OF SHARES THE SUBJECT OF LIEN ....................................................... 17
CALLS ON SHARES........................................................................................................... 18
16.	POWER TO MAKE AND REVOKE CALLS ........................................................... 18
17.	NO CONTRACTUAL RIGHT TO RECOVER CALLS ............................................ 18
18.	NOTICE OF CALLS .............................................................................................. 18
19.	FIXED CALLS ....................................................................................................... 19
20.	INTEREST ON OUTSTANDING CALLS ............................................................... 19
21.	LIABILITY OF JOINT SHAREHOLDERS .............................................................. 19
22.	DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN SHAREHOLDERS ............................................. 19
23.	PROOF OF OUTSTANDING CALLS .................................................................... 19
24.	PAYMENT OF CALLS IN ADVANCE .................................................................... 20
FORFEITURE AND SURRENDER OF SHARES ................................................................ 20
25.	FORFEITURE ....................................................................................................... 20
26.	SALE BY PUBLIC AUCTION ................................................................................ 21
27.	REGISTRATION OF FORFEITED SHARE ........................................................... 22
28.	SURRENDER OF SHARES .................................................................................. 23
TRANSFER OF SHARES ................................................................................................... 23
29.	PARTICIPATION IN TRANSFER SCHEMES ....................................................... 23
30.	RIGHT TO TRANSFER......................................................................................... 23

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31.	HOLDING LOCK ................................................................................................... 23
32.	NO DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE REQUIRED ..................................................... 23
33.	REFUSAL TO REGISTER A TRANSFER ............................................................. 24
34.	TRANSFER DOCUMENTS AND PROCESSING .................................................. 24
35.	PERIOD OF CLOSURE OF REGISTER ............................................................... 25
TRANSMISSION OF SHARES ........................................................................................... 25
36.	TITLE TO SHARES FOLLOWING DEATH OF MEMBERS ................................... 25
37.	PROCEDURE FOR TRANSMISSION ................................................................... 25
38.	RIGHTS OF PERSON ENTITLED ........................................................................ 26
CONVERSION OF SHARES .............................................................................................. 26
39.	COMPANY MAY CONVERT SHARES ................................................................. 26
40.	POWER TO REDUCE CAPITAL ........................................................................... 26
GENERAL MEETING .......................................................................................................... 27
41.	CONVENING OF GENERAL MEETINGS ............................................................. 27
42.	NOTICE OF GENERAL MEETINGS ..................................................................... 27
43.	ACCIDENTAL OMISSION TO GIVE NOTICE ....................................................... 27
44.	CANCELLATION OR POSTPONEMENT OF GENERAL MEETINGS .................. 27
45.	MEETING AT MORE THAN ONE PLACE ............................................................ 28
46.	REPRESENTATION OF MEMBER ....................................................................... 29
PROCEEDINGS AT GENERAL MEETINGS ....................................................................... 29
47.	QUORUM ............................................................................................................. 29
48.	ABSENCE OF QUORUM ...................................................................................... 30
49.	ORDINARY AND SPECIAL BUSINESS ................................................................ 30
50.	RESOLUTION PROPOSED BY MEMBERS ......................................................... 30
51.	CHAIRPERSON OF GENERAL MEETINGS ........................................................ 31
52.	ADJOURNMENT OF MEETINGS ......................................................................... 31
VOTING	AT GENERAL MEETINGS ................................................................................... 32
53.	VOTING RIGHTS.................................................................................................. 32
54.	VOTING DISQUALIFICATION .............................................................................. 32
55.	POWER TO DEMAND A POLL ............................................................................. 33
56.	EVIDENCE OF RESOLUTIONS ........................................................................... 33
57.	CONDUCT OF POLL ............................................................................................ 33
58.	CASTING VOTE ................................................................................................... 34
59.	VOTING RIGHTS OF JOINT SHAREHOLDERS .................................................. 34
60.	VOTING RIGHTS OF PERSONS ENTITLED UNDER TRANSMISSION RULE .... 34
61.	OBJECTIONS TO EXERCISE OF VOTING RIGHTS ........................................... 34
PROXIES ............................................................................................................................ 34

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62.	MULTIPLE PROXIES ........................................................................................... 34
63.	DEPOSIT OF PROXY AND ATTORNEY INSTRUMENT ...................................... 35
64.	PROXY INSTRUMENT TO BE IN WRITING ......................................................... 35
65.	FORM OF PROXY ................................................................................................ 35
66.	EFFECT OF PROXY INSTRUMENT .................................................................... 35
67.	VOTING RIGHTS OF PROXIES AND ATTORNEYS ............................................ 35
APPOINTMENT AND REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS ............................................................ 36
68.	NUMBER OF DIRECTORS .................................................................................. 36
69.	DIRECTORS’ QUALIFICATIONS ......................................................................... 36
70.	APPOINTMENT OF DIRECTORS ........................................................................ 36
71.	INSUFFICIENT DIRECTORS ............................................................................... 36
72.	RESIGNATION OF DIRECTORS ......................................................................... 36
73.	REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS ................................................................................ 37
74.	ROTATION OF DIRECTORS ............................................................................... 37
75.	NOMINATION FOR ELECTION OF DIRECTORS ................................................ 37
76.	VACATION OF OFFICE OF DIRECTORS ............................................................ 38
ALTERNATE DIRECTORS ................................................................................................. 38
77.	POWER TO APPOINT .......................................................................................... 38
78.	RIGHTS AND POWERS OF ALTERNATE DIRECTOR ........................................ 38
79.	SUSPENSION OR REVOCATION OF APPOINTMENT ....................................... 39
80.	FORM OF APPOINTMENT, SUSPENSION OR REVOCATION ........................... 39
81.	TERMINATION OF APPOINTMENT ..................................................................... 39
82.	POWER TO ACT AS ALTERNATE FOR MORE THAN 1 DIRECTOR .................. 39
MANAGING DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ............................................... 39
83.	POWER TO APPOINT .......................................................................................... 39
84.	QUALIFICATIONS ................................................................................................ 39
85.	TEMPORARY APPOINTMENTS .......................................................................... 40
86.	REMOVAL OR DISMISSAL .................................................................................. 40
87.	POWERS .............................................................................................................. 40
88.	REMUNERATION OF MANAGING DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS
	40
REMUNERATION OF DIRECTORS ................................................................................... 40
89.	PAYMENT OF FEES ............................................................................................ 40
90.	PAYMENT OF EXPENSES .................................................................................. 40
91.	PAYMENT FOR EXTRA SERVICES .................................................................... 41
92.	INCREASES IN REMUNERATION ....................................................................... 41
93.	CANCELLATION, SUSPENSION, REDUCTION OR POSTPONEMENT ............. 41
94.	EFFECT OF CESSATION OF OFFICE ................................................................. 41

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POWERS AND DUTIES OF DIRECTORS .......................................................................... 41	POWERS AND DUTIES OF DIRECTORS .......................................................................... 41
95.	GENERAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ............................................................... 41
96.	BORROWING POWERS ...................................................................................... 42
97.	NEGOTIABLE ....................................................................................................... 42
98.	APPOINTMENT OF ATTORNEY .......................................................................... 42
99.	CONFERMENT OF POWERS .............................................................................. 42
PROCEEDINGS OF DIRECTORS ...................................................................................... 43
100.	MEETING OF DIRECTORS .................................................................................. 43
101.	CONVENING OF MEETING ................................................................................. 43
102.	NOTICE OF MEETING ......................................................................................... 43
103.	WAIVER OF NOTICE ........................................................................................... 43
104.	QUORUM ............................................................................................................. 44
105.	CHAIRPERSON OF DIRECTORS’ MEETINGS .................................................... 44
106.	VOTING OF DIRECTORS .................................................................................... 44
107.	TELECOMMUNICATION MEETING OF DIRECTORS ......................................... 45
108.	CIRCULATED RESOLUTIONS ............................................................................. 46
109.	RESTRICTIONS ON VOTING .............................................................................. 46
110.	COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS .......................................................................... 46
111.	VALIDATION OF ACTS OF DIRECTORS ............................................................ 47
DIRECTORS’ INTERESTS ................................................................................................. 47
112.	PROHIBITION ON BEING PRESENT OR VOTING .............................................. 47
113.	EXISTENCE OF INTEREST ................................................................................. 47
114.	DISCLOSURE OF INTEREST .............................................................................. 48
115.	FINANCIAL BENEFIT ........................................................................................... 48
116.	OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS AND SHAREHOLDINGS ........................................... 48
117.	NOTIFICATION TO ASX OF MATERIAL CONTRACTS ....................................... 49
INADVERTENT OMISSIONS .............................................................................................. 49
118.	FORMALITIES OMITTED ..................................................................................... 49
SECRETARY ...................................................................................................................... 49
119.	TERMS OF OFFICE OF SECRETARY ................................................................. 49
MINUTES ............................................................................................................................ 49
120.	MINUTES TO BE KEPT ........................................................................................ 49
121.	COMPANY SEAL.................................................................................................. 50
122.	AFFIXING OF SEAL BY INTERESTED DIRECTOR ............................................. 50
123.	AFFIXING OF SEAL TO SHARE CERTIFICATES ................................................ 50
124.	MEANING OF CERTIFICATE ............................................................................... 50
125.	EXECUTION OF DOCUMENTS (INCLUDING DEEDS) ....................................... 50

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INSPECTION OF RECORDS ............................................................................................. 51 126. RIGHTS OF INSPECTION .................................................................................... 51 127. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION .......................................................................... 51 DIVIDENDS AND RESERVES ............................................................................................ 51 128. DECLARATION OF DIVIDENDS BY DIRECTORS ............................................... 51 129. DECLARATION OF DIVIDENDS BY GENERAL MEETING .................................. 51 130. SOURCE OF DIVIDENDS .................................................................................... 51 131. POWER TO EMPLOY RESERVES ...................................................................... 51 132. DISTRIBUTION OF DIVIDENDS .......................................................................... 52 133. INTEREST ............................................................................................................ 52 134. DEDUCTIONS FROM DIVIDENDS ...................................................................... 52 135. UNCLAIMED DIVIDENDS .................................................................................... 52 136. ENTITLEMENT TO DIVIDENDS ........................................................................... 52 137. PAYMENT OF DIVIDENDS ON TRANSMISSION ................................................ 52 138. PAYMENT OF DIVIDENDS BY ASSET DISTRIBUTION ...................................... 53 139. ADMINISTRATION OF DIVIDEND PAYMENTS ................................................... 53 140. POWER TO MAKE CONCURRENT CALL ........................................................... 53 CAPITALISATION OF PROFITS......................................................................................... 53 141. POWER TO CAPITALISE PROFITS AND RESERVES ........................................ 53 142. METHODS OF CAPITALISATION ........................................................................ 54 143. DIRECTORS’ POWERS UPON CAPITALISATION .............................................. 54 DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT, BONUS SHARE AND EMPLOYEE INCENTIVE PLANS ..... 55 NOTICES ............................................................................................................................ 56 144. SERVICES OF NOTICES ..................................................................................... 56 145. METHOD OF SERVICE ........................................................................................ 56 146. NOTICE TO JOINT SHAREHOLDERS ................................................................. 56 147. NOTICE UPON TRANSMISSION ......................................................................... 57 148. CONSTRUCTIVE NOTICE ................................................................................... 57 149. PERIOD NOTICE.................................................................................................. 57 150. ACCIDENTAL OMISSION .................................................................................... 57 151. SERVICE UPON COMPANY AND MEMBERS ..................................................... 57 152. FORM OF SIGNATURE........................................................................................ 57 153. ELECTRONIC NOTICES, REPORTS AND OTHER COMMUNICATIONS ........... 58 INDEMNITY AND INSURANCE .......................................................................................... 58 154. INDEMNITY .......................................................................................................... 58 155. INSURANCE ......................................................................................................... 59 156. DIRECTOR VOTING ON CONTRACT OF INSURANCE ...................................... 59

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LIABILITY ............................................................................................................. 59 158. MEANING OF OFFICER ....................................................................................... 59 WINDING UP ...................................................................................................................... 59 159. SHAREHOLDERS’ RIGHTS ON DISTRIBUTION OF ASSETS ............................ 59 160. REMUNERATION OF LIQUIDATOR .................................................................... 60 OBLIGATIONS IN RELATION TO CHESS ......................................................................... 60 161. COMPLYING WITH ASX SETTLEMENT OPERATING RULES ........................... 60 LISTING RULES ................................................................................................................. 60 162. RESTRICTED SECURITIES ................................................................................. 60 163. PARAMOUNT EFFECT OF LISTING RULES ....................................................... 61

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INTRODUCTION

1. NATURE OF COMPANY

1.1. The Company is a no liability company and its sole objects are mining purposes.

2. STATUS OF CONSTITUTION AND REPLACEABLE RULES

2.1. This Constitution is adopted by the Company in substitution for any former memorandum and articles of association or constitution of the Company.
2.2. To the extent permitted by law, the replaceable rules in the Corporations Act do not apply to the Company.

3. DEFINITIONS AND INTERPRETATION

3.1. In this Constitution:
3.1.1. Applicable Law means the Corporations Act, the Listing Rules and the ASX Settlement Operating Rules;
3.1.2. ASX means ASX Limited (ACN 008 624 691);
3.1.3. ASX Settlement means ASX Settlement Pty Ltd ACN 008 504 532;
3.1.4. ASX Settlement Operating Rules means the operating rules of ASX Settlement in its capacity as a CS facility licensee, except to the extent of any relief given by ASX Settlement in their application to the Company;
3.1.5. auditor means any person appointed for the time being to perform the duties of an auditor of the Company;
3.1.6. Business Day:
- 3.1.6.1. if the Company is admitted to the Official List, has the meaning given by the Listing Rules;
3.1.6.2. otherwise, means a day except a Saturday, Sunday or public holiday in Perth, Western Australia.
3.1.7. Company means Orange Minerals NL ACN 650 435 895 whatever its name may be from time to time;
3.1.8. Constitution means the constitution of the Company in force from time to time and references to particular rules have a corresponding meaning;
3.1.9. Corporations Act means the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) except to the extent of any exemption, modification, declaration or order made in respect of that legislation which applies to the Company;
3.1.10. Director means a director for the time being of the Company and, where appropriate, includes an alternate director;
3.1.11. Directors means the directors for the time being of the Company or the directors assembled as a board;
3.1.12. Dispose has the meaning given to t in the Listing Rules and Disposal has a corresponding meaning;

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3.1.13. Dividend includes an interim dividend and a final dividend ;
3.1.14. Executive Director means a director in full-time employment of the Company or any subsidiary or related corporation other than a Managing Director;
3.1.15. Listing Rules means the listing rules of ASX and any other rules of ASX which are applicable while the Company is admitted to the Official List, each as amended or replaced from time to time, except to the extent of any express waiver by ASX;
3.1.16. Managing Director means any person appointed to perform the duties of Managing Director of the Company;
3.1.17. Member , Shareholder or Holder means any person entered in the Register as a member for the time being of the Company;
3.1.18. member present means a Member present at any general meeting of the Company in person or by proxy or attorney or, in the case of a body corporate, by a duly appointed representative;
3.1.19. month means calendar month;
3.1.20. Office means the registered office for the time being of the Company;
3.1.21. Official List means the official list of entities that ASX has admitted and not removed;
3.1.22. Register means the register of members to be kept pursuant to Corporations Act;
3.1.23. Representative means a person authorised to act as a representative of a body corporate pursuant to section 250D of the Corporations Act;
3.1.24. Restricted Securities has the meaning given by the Listing Rules;
3.1.25. Seal means the common seal of the Company and includes any share seal, certificate seal or official seal of the Company;
3.1.26. Secretary means any person appointed to perform the duties of secretary of the Company and any person appointed to act temporarily as Secretary; and
3.1.27. Securities has the meaning given by the Listing Rules.
3.2. Words and expressions carrying out particular meaning in a particular context in the Listing Rules, the ASX Settlement Operating Rules or the Corporations Act will, unless otherwise specified in these rules, have the same meaning in an equivalent context in these rules.
3.3. In these rules, unless the context otherwise requires, a reference to the Listing Rules and the ASX Settlement Operating Rules is a reference to those rules as modified or amended from time to time.
3.4. Headings are for convenience only and do not affect the interpretation of this Constitution. Footnotes are for convenience only and do not from part of this Constitution.
3.5. Reference to one gender includes each other gender.

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3.6. The singular includes the plural and the plural includes the singular.
3.7. The word person includes a body corporate.
3.8. A reference to including shall be construed as if, without limitation , appears immediately thereafter.

4. EXERCISE OF POWERS

4.1. Where this Constitution confers a power or imposes a duty then, unless the contrary intention appears, the power may be exercised and the duty must be performed from time to time as the occasion requires.

5. SEVERABILITY

5.1. If, at any time, any provision of this Constitution is or becomes illegal, invalid or unenforceable in any respect under the law of any jurisdiction, it shall not affect or impair:
5.1.1. the legality, validity or enforceability in that jurisdiction of any such provision for longer than the continuance of such illegality, invalidity or unenforceability nor of any other provision of this Constitution; or
5.1.2. the legality, validity or enforceability of that provision under the law of any other jurisdiction or any other provision of this Constitution.

CAPITAL AND VARIATION OF RIGHTS

6. CAPITAL AND CONTROL OF ISSUE OF SHARES

6.1. Without prejudice to any special rights previously conferred on the holders of any existing shares or class of shares but subject to the Applicable Law, the issue of further shares in the Company is under the control of the Directors.
6.2. The Directors may allot or otherwise dispose of any unissued shares to such persons at such times and on such terms and conditions and having attached to them such preferred, deferred or such other special rights or such restrictions as the Directors think fit.
6.3. Subject to the Corporations Act, the Directors may grant to any person options or other securities with rights of conversion to shares or pre-emptive rights to any shares for any consideration and for any period.
6.4. Without limitation to the foregoing the Company may issue preference Shares that are liable to be redeemed whether at the option of the Company or otherwise and otherwise on such terms as the directors in their absolute discretion determine.
6.5. The Company must not in any way prevent, delay or interfere with the issue of securities following the exercise, conversion or paying up of any security quoted on ASX, except as permitted by the Listing Rules.

7. VARIATION OF RIGHTS

7.1. If at any time different classes of shares are issued, the rights and privileges attached to any class (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class) may, whether or not the Company is being wound up, be varied with the consent in writing of the holder or holders of 3/4 of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a

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separate meeting of the holders of the shares of the class which variation shall take effect in accordance with sections 246D and 246E of the Corporations Act.

7.2. The provisions of this Constitution relating to general meetings apply so far as they are capable of application and with the necessary changes to every such separate meeting except that:
7.2.1. a quorum is constituted by 2 Members present (unless one person holds the whole of the issued shares of the class, in which case a quorum is constituted by 1 Member); and
7.2.2. any Member who holds or represents shares of the class may demand a poll.
7.3. The rights conferred upon the holders of the shares of any class issued with preferred or other rights shall, unless otherwise expressly provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class, be deemed to be varied by the creation or issue of further shares ranking equally with the first mentioned shares.

8. UNMARKETABLE PARCELS

8.1. In this rule 8:
8.1.1. Marketable Parcel of the relevant securities has the meaning given by the Listing Rules;
8.1.2. Minority Member means the holder of less than a Marketable Parcel of the relevant securities;
8.1.3. Notice means the written notice given to Minority Members in accordance with rule 8.2;
8.1.4. Notice Date means the date of the Notice sent by the Company to a Minority Member advising that the Company intends to sell that Minority Member's securities on that Member's behalf under rule 8.2;
8.1.5. Purchaser means the person or persons (including a Member or Members) to whom the relevant securities are disposed or sold in accordance with rule 8.2; and
8.1.6. Sale Consideration means the proceeds of any sale or other disposal of the relevant securities of a Minority Member pursuant to this rule 8.
8.2. Subject to the Applicable Law, the Company is entitled to sell securities of a Minority Member on the following conditions:
8.2.1. the Company must give to the Minority Member a Notice that the Company intends to invoke the power of sale contained in this rule 8;
8.2.2. the Minority Member must be given at least 6 weeks from the Notice Date in which to advise the Company by notice in writing that the Member wishes to retain the Member's security holding;
8.2.3. if the Minority Member gives written notice to the Company under rule 8.2.2 (and does not withdraw that notice) then the Company must not sell the Member's security holding; and

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8.2.4. subject to rule 8.2.3, at the expiry of the 6 week period, the Company is entitled to sell any security holding of the Minority Member which is, at the date of sale, less than a Marketable Parcel.
8.3. For the purposes of the sale of securities under this rule 8 each Minority Member appoints the Company:
8.3.1. as the Minority Member's agent to sell or otherwise dispose of all of the Minority Member's relevant securities at such price or consideration, on such other terms, in such manner, and at such times as the Directors think fit;
8.3.2. as the Minority Member's agent to receive the Sale Consideration on behalf of the Minority Member; and
8.3.3. and each of its Directors jointly and severally, as the Minority Member's attorneys in that Member's name and on that Member's behalf to effect all transfer documents, deeds or other documents or instruments necessary to transfer the relevant securities from the Minority Member to the Purchaser.
8.4. The Company must bear all costs of and incidental to the sale of security holdings under this rule 8.
8.5. The Purchaser is not bound to see to the regularity of the actions and proceedings of the Company under this rule 8 or to the application of the Sale Consideration in respect of a Minority Member's relevant securities. After the Purchaser's name is entered in the Register in respect of the relevant securities the validity of the sale or other disposal may not be impeached by any person and the remedy of any person aggrieved by the sale or other disposal is in damages only and against the Company exclusively. The title of the Purchaser is not affected by any irregularity or invalidity in connection with the sale or disposal of the relevant securities to the Purchaser.
8.6. Subject to rule 8.7, with respect to the receipt and payment of the Sale Consideration the:
8.6.1. Sale Consideration must be received and held by the Company in trust (for the Minority Members whose securities are sold under this rule 8 pending distribution of the Sale Consideration) in a bank account opened and maintained by the Company for that purpose only;
8.6.2. Company must as soon as practicable after the sale of securities of a Minority Member, and to the extent that it may reasonably do so, distribute the Sale Consideration to the registered Minority Member (in the case of joint holders, to the registered address of the holder whose name is shown first in the register) or as Minority Member directs; and
8.6.3. provisions of the Corporations Act and any other applicable legislation dealing with unclaimed moneys apply to any Sale Consideration unable to be distributed by the Company for any reason.

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8.7. The Sale Consideration must not be sent to a Minority Member until the Company receives any certificate relating to the securities which have been sold (or is satisfied that the certificate has been lost or destroyed).
8.8. This rule 8 may be invoked only once in any 12 month period.
8.9. The power to sell in this rule 8 lapses following the announcement of a takeover offer or the making of a takeover announcement. However, despite rule 8.8, the procedure provided in this rule 8 may be started again after the close of the offers made under the takeover offer or takeover announcement.
8.10. The Company may, but shall be under no obligation to (except to the extent required by law), give any notice to a Minority Member.
8.11. The Company may at any time give notice to a Minority Member requiring the Minority Member to either sell its security holding or to buy (or otherwise acquire) further securities which, when aggregated with the Member's existing holding, constitutes at least a marketable parcel and, unless the Applicable Law prohibits the giving of such notice or relieves the recipient from any obligation to comply with the notice, the recipient must comply with the notice within 30 days of receipt.

9. BROKERAGE AND COMMISSION

9.1. The Company may exercise the power to make payments by way of brokerage or commission conferred by the Corporations Act in the manner provided by the Corporations Act.
9.2. Payments by way of brokerage or commission may be satisfied by the payment of cash, by the allotment of shares or other securities or partly by the payment of cash and partly by the allotment of shares or other securities.

10. JOINT HOLDERS

10.1. Where 2 or more persons are registered as the Holders of any share, they are deemed to hold the share as joint tenants with benefits of survivorship subject to rule 10.1.5 and to the following:
10.1.1. on the death of any 1 of the joint holders, the survivor or survivors are the only person or persons recognised by the Company as having any title to the share, but the Directors may require such evidence of death as they think fit;
10.1.2. any 1 of the joint holders may give effective receipts for any dividend, bonus or return of capital payable to the joint holders;
10.1.3. only the person whose name stands first in the Register as 1 of the joint holders of any share is entitled to delivery of the certificate (if any) relating to the share or to receive notices from the Company and any notice given to that person is deemed notice to all the joint holders;
10.1.4. any 1 of the joint holders may vote at any meeting either personally or by proxy, in respect of the share as if that person were solely entitled to the share, but if more than 1 of the joint holders are present at any meeting personally or by proxy the Holder whose name stands first in the Register in respect of the share is alone entitled to vote in respect of the share; and

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10.1.5. the joint holders of any share are liable severally as well as jointly in respect of all payments which ought to be made in respect of the share.
10.2. The Company is not bound to register more than 3 persons (not being the trustees, executors or administrators of a deceased Holder) as the Holder of any share.
10.3. Where 3 or more persons are registered holders of a share in the Register (or a request is made to register more than 3 persons), only the first 3 named persons are regarded as holders of the share and all other named persons must be disregarded for all purposes except in the case of executors or trustees of a deceased Shareholder.

11. RECOGNITION OF OWNERSHIP

11.1. Except as required by law, the Company may but is not bound to recognise a person as holding a share upon any trust.
11.2. The Company may but is not bound by or compelled in any way to recognise (whether or not it has notice of the interest or rights concerned) any equitable, contingent, future or partial interest in any share or unit of a share or (except as otherwise provided by this Constitution or by law) any right in respect of a share except an absolute right of ownership in the registered Holder.

12. CERTIFICATES AND CHESS STATEMENTS

12.1. Subject to rule 12.6, a Member is entitled free of charge to:
12.1.1. one certificate for all the shares of one class registered in the Member's name; or
12.1.2. a statement of holdings required by the Applicable Law.
12.2. A share certificate must:
12.2.1. be under the common seal of the Company or executed in any other manner permitted by the Corporations Act;
12.2.2. be signed or sealed in manuscript or by mechanical means in accordance with these rules;
12.2.3. comply with section 1087 of the Corporations Act and be delivered in accordance with section 1096 of the Corporations Act; and
12.2.4. otherwise comply with, and be delivered in accordance with, the Applicable Law.
12.3. A statement of holdings must be executed in the form required by, and delivered in accordance with, the Applicable Law.
12.4. If a certificate is worn out or defaced on its production to the Company, the Directors may order it to be cancelled and if cancelled, the Directors must issue a duplicate certificate in its place as required by the Applicable Law.
12.5. If a certificate is lost or destroyed, on application to the Company by the owner in accordance with section 1089 of the Corporations Act the Directors must in accordance with that section, and in any other case may, issue a duplicate certificate in its place. Duplicate certificates issued in accordance

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with this rule 12.5 must be clearly endorsed "Issued in replacement of certificate numbered: (number)".

12.6. A fee of such amount not exceeding the prescribed amount referred to in section 1089 of the Corporations Act as the Directors determine may be charged for a duplicate certificate.
12.7. A certificate, or statement of holdings, for Shares registered in the names of two or more persons may be delivered to anyone or more of them.
12.8. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Constitution, the Directors may determine:
12.8.1. not to issue a certificate specifying shares held by a Member;
12.8.2. to cancel such a certificate without issuing any certificate in its place; or
12.8.3. to issue such a certificate although previously the Directors had determined not to issue such a certificate;
12.8.4. if the determination is not contrary to Applicable Law.

LIEN ON SHARES

13. RIGHT TO LIEN

13.1. Subject to the Listing Rules and this rule 13, the Company has a first and paramount lien upon all shares registered in the name of each Member (whether solely or jointly with others).
13.2. The Company's lien on a share extends to all dividends and, subject to the Listing Rules, other money payable in respect of the share (including the proceeds of sale of the share).
13.3. The Company's lien extends to:
13.3.1. unpaid calls and instalments upon the specific shares in respect of which such moneys are due and unpaid;
13.3.2. if the shares were acquired under an employee incentive scheme any amount owed to the Company for acquiring them;
13.3.3. all amounts that the Company is required by law to pay (and has paid) in respect of the shares of a Member or deceased former Member or which the Company has paid in respect of the forfeiture or sale of those shares;
13.3.4. reasonable interest and expenses incurred because an amount referred to in this rule is not paid when due; and
13.3.5. any liability imposed under rule 14.
13.4. To the fullest extent the Applicable Laws permit, a person must pay interest on amounts due under this Constitution to the Company:
13.4.1. at the rate the Directors reasonably resolve; or
13.4.2. if the Directors do not resolve, at the rate charged by the Company's bankers on overdrafts of $100,000.

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13.5. Interest payable to the Company under this Constitution accrues daily.
13.6. The Company may capitalise interest payable under this Constitution at any interval the Directors resolve.
13.7. Unless otherwise agreed the registration of a transfer document operates as a waiver of the Company's lien (if any) on the shares transferred.
13.8. The Directors may at any time exempt a share wholly or in part from the provisions of this rule 13.
13.9. The Company may do everything necessary or appropriate under the ASX Settlement Operating Rules to protect any lien, charge or other right to which it is entitled under any law or these rules.

14. IMPOSITION OF A LIABILITY

14.1. This rule 14 applies where any law for the time being of any country, State or place:
14.1.1. imposes or purports to impose any immediate or future or possible liability upon the Company to make any payment; or
14.1.2. empowers any government or taxing authority or government official to require the Company to make any payment in respect of any shares registered in the Register as held either jointly or solely by any Members or in respect of any dividends or other moneys which are or may become due or payable or are accruing due to the Member by the Company on or in respect of any shares so registered;

for or on account or in respect of any Member and whether in consequence of:

14.1.3. the death of the Member;
14.1.4. the liability for income tax or other tax by the Member;
14.1.5. the liability for any estate, probate, succession, death, stamp or .other duty by the executor or administrator of the Member or by or out of such Member's estate; or
14.1.6. anything else.
14.2. If any liability contemplated by rule 14.1 is imposed on the Company, the Company in every such case:
14.2.1. must be fully indemnified by the Member or the Member's executor or administrator from all liability;
14.2.2. may recover as a debt due from the Member or the Member's executor or administrator wherever situated any money paid by the Company under or in consequence of the law and interest on the money at the rate from the date of payment to the date of repayment in excess of any dividend or other money then due or payable by the Company to the Member; and
14.2.3. may, if the money is paid or payable by the Company under that law (but subject to the Applicable Law), refuse to register a transfer of the shares by the Member or the Member's executor or administrator

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until the money with interest is set off or deducted or where that amount exceeds the amount of the dividend or other money then due or payable by the Company to the Member, until the excess is paid to the Company.

14.3. This rule 14 does not prejudice or affect any right or remedy which that law may confer or purport to confer on the Company and as between the Company and the Member and the Member's executors, administrators and estate wherever situated any right or remedy conferred or purported to be conferred by that law on the Company is enforceable by the Company.

15. SALE OF SHARES THE SUBJECT OF LIEN

15.1. Subject to rule 15.2, the Applicable Law, the Company may sell, in such manner as the Directors think fit, any shares on which the Company has a lien.
15.2. A share on which the Company has a lien may not be sold unless:
15.2.1. a sum in respect of which the lien exists is presently payable; and
15.2.2. the Company has, not less than 14 days before the date of the sale, given to the registered Holder for the time being of the share or the person entitled to the share by reason of the death or bankruptcy of the registered Holder a notice in writing setting out, and demanding payment of, such part of the amount in respect of which the lien exists as is presently payable;

and the full amount stated in the notice as being presently due and payable has not (within 14 days of the notice being given) been paid.

15.3. To give effect to a sale of shares under this rule 15, the Directors may authorise a person to transfer the shares sold to the purchaser of the shares.
15.4. The Company must register the purchaser as the Holder of the shares comprised in any such transfer and the purchaser is not bound to see to the application of the purchase money.
15.5. The title of the purchaser to the shares is not affected by any irregularity or invalidity in connection with the sale.
15.6. The remedy (if any) of any person aggrieved by a sale or other disposal of shares under this Constitution is in damages only and against the Company exclusively.
15.7. The proceeds of a sale under this rule 15 must be applied by the Company in payment of such part of the amount in respect of which the lien exists as is presently payable, and in payment of any other money due and payable to the Company and the residue (if any) must (subject to any like lien for sums not presently payable that existed upon the shares before the sale) be paid to the person entitled to the shares immediately prior to the sale on the Company receiving the certificate (if any) of those shares or other evidence satisfactory to the Company regarding the ownership of those shares.
15.8. A certificate in writing from the company signed by a Director or Secretary that a share was sold, reissued or otherwise disposed of in accordance with this Constitution is sufficient evidence of those matters.

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CALLS ON SHARES

16. POWER TO MAKE AND REVOKE CALLS

16.1. The Directors may, subject to the law and the terms of issue of a share, at any time, make calls upon the Members in respect of any amount unpaid on the shares of the Members.
16.2. The Directors may make calls payable for one or more Members for different amounts and at different times.
16.3. A call may be made payable by instalments. A call may be for part only of the amount unpaid.
16.4. A call may be revoked, postponed or extended as the Directors determine.

17. NO CONTRACTUAL RIGHT TO RECOVER CALLS

17.1. Notwithstanding any other provision of these rules, the Company has no contractual right by virtue of this Constitution to recover from a Member a call in respect of any amount unpaid on the shares of that Member.
17.2. Subject to rule 17.1, each Member must pay the amount called on the Member's shares according to the terms of the notice of call.

18. NOTICE OF CALLS

18.1. A call is made when the Directors resolve to make the call.
18.2. The Company must as required by the law give notice of a call to all Members on whom the call is made who are on the Register when the call is made. The notice must include each of the following:
18.2.1. the name of the Member;
18.2.2. the number of shares held by the Member;
18.2.3. the amount of the call;
18.2.4. the due date and place for payment of the call, interest (if any) and expenses;
18.2.5. a statement that in the event of non-payment by that time and at that place the shares on which the call was made may be forfeited or sold without forfeiture to enforce any lien of the Company over them as the Directors determines;

and if the Company is admitted to the Official List:

18.2.6. the last day for trading of partly paid "call unpaid" shares (references in this Constitution to "partly paid shares" extend to shares on which no amount has been paid but on which any amount is unpaid);
18.2.7. the last day for acceptance by the Company's registry of lodgements of transfers of partly paid "call unpaid" shares;
18.2.8. the latest available market price of the shares on which the call is being made before the date of issue of the call notice;
18.2.9. the highest and lowest market price of the shares on which the call is being made during the 3 months immediately before the date of issue of the call notice and the dates of those sales;

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18.2.10. the latest available market price of the shares on which the call is being made immediately before the Company announced to ASX that it intended to make a call; and
18.2.11. such other information as is required by the Listing Rules;

and must otherwise comply with the Listing Rules.

18.3. Every notice of any call in respect of CHESS Approved Securities must:
18.3.1. specify any additional information required by the Listing Rules; and
18.3.2. be given within such period as is required by the Listing Rules.
18.4. If notice of a call is not given, the call is not payable PROVIDED THAT the non-receipt of a notice of a call by or the accidental omission to give notice of a call to any of the Members does not invalidate the call.

19. FIXED CALLS

19.1. Subject to any notice requirements under the Listing Rules, if by the terms of issue of any share or otherwise any amount is made payable at any fixed time or by instalments at fixed times the amount or instalment is payable as if it were a call duly made by the Directors and such a call shall be deemed to have been made.
19.2. In case of non-payment, the provisions of these rules as to payment of interest and expenses, forfeiture or otherwise apply as if the amount or instalment had become payable by virtue of a call duly made and notified.

20. INTEREST ON OUTSTANDING CALLS

20.1. If a sum called is not paid on or before the due date for payment the person from whom the sum is due must, to the fullest extent the law and the Listing Rules permit, pay interest on the sum (or on so much as remains unpaid from time to time) at such rate as the Directors may determine calculated from the day payment is due till the time of actual payment. The Directors may waive the requirement for interest to be paid in whole or in part.

21. LIABILITY OF JOINT SHAREHOLDERS

21.1. Subject to rule 17.1, the joint holders of a share are jointly and severally liable for the payment of all amounts of instalments and calls in respect of the share.

22. DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN SHAREHOLDERS

22.1. The Directors may, on the issue of shares, differentiate between the holders as to the amount of calls to be paid and the times of payment.

23. PROOF OF OUTSTANDING CALLS

23.1. On the trial or hearing or in any circumstances where it is necessary to prove the right to forfeit or sell shares for non-payment of a call it is sufficient to prove that:
23.1.1. the name of the Member sued is entered in the Register as the Holder or 1 of the holders of the shares in respect of which the call was made;
23.1.2. the resolution making the call is duly recorded in the minute book (or deemed to have been made under rule 19.1 - the Company may

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resolve to make a call even though it has been deemed made under rule 19.1);

23.1.3. either:
- 23.1.3.1. notice of the call was duly given to the registered Holder of the shares pursuant to this Constitution; or
- 23.1.3.2. in the case of calls or instalments payable at fixed times by the terms of issue of any share or otherwise, those terms apply; and
23.1.4. the sum or call has not been paid.
23.2. Proof of the above matters is conclusive evidence of the debt or of the right to forfeit or sell shares for non-payment of a call and it is not necessary to prove the appointment of the Directors who made the call or the passing of the resolution or anything else.

24. PAYMENT OF CALLS IN ADVANCE

24.1. The Directors may accept from a Shareholder the whole or any part of the amount unpaid on a share although no part of that amount has been called up, and in that event the Directors shall nominate whether the amount so paid is to be treated as capital or a loan to the Company by the Shareholder.
24.2. If the amount paid is nominated to be capital, it shall be deemed as from the date of the nomination to have been applied in paying up (so far as it will extend) the unpaid balance of the total issue price of the share but, unless the directors otherwise resolve, the voting entitlement, dividend entitlement and entitlement to participate in any surplus of the Company in a winding up of the Company attaching to the share shall remain as it was prior to the payment so made until there is a call in respect of the share of an amount equal to or greater than the amount so paid.
24.3. If the amount paid is nominated to be a loan to the Company, it shall carry interest at a rate, not exceeding the Prescribed Rate, as is agreed between the Directors and the Shareholder, shall not be repayable unless the Directors so determine, shall not confer on the Shareholder any rights attributable to subscribed capital, and shall, unless repaid, be applied in payment of calls on the share as and when the calls become due.
24.4. Each of the preceding provisions of this clause 24 is subject to the terms on which shares are issued.

FORFEITURE AND SURRENDER OF SHARES

25. FORFEITURE

25.1. A share of a Member is immediately forfeited if:
25.1.1. a call is made on the share; and
25.1.2. the call is unpaid at the end of 14 days after it became payable.
25.2. If a share is forfeited under rule 25.1, all unpaid dividends declared in respect of the forfeited share are also immediately forfeited.

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26. SALE BY PUBLIC AUCTION

26.1. Forfeited shares must be offered for sale by public auction (Auction) within 6 weeks after the call became payable.
26.2. The Company must give notice of the Auction in accordance with the law and the Applicable Law.
26.3. If, due to error or inadvertence, the Auction is not held within the time period referred to in rule 26.2, the Auction will not be invalid provided it is held as soon as practicable after discovery of the error or inadvertence.
26.4. Subject to the law, the Company may postpone the Auction.
26.5. A forfeited share may be sold credited as paid up to the sum of:
26.5.1. the amount paid up on the share at the time of forfeiture;
26.5.2. the amount of the call; and
26.5.3. the amount of any other calls becoming payable on or before the date of the sale;
if the Company, in accordance with this Constitution or by ordinary resolution, so determines.
26.6. The Directors may fix a reserve price in respect of a forfeited share offered for sale that does not exceed the sum of:
26.6.1. the amount of the call due and unpaid on the share at the time of forfeiture; and
26.6.2. the amount of any other calls that become payable on or before the date of the Auction.

The share may but does not have to be withdrawn from sale if no bid at least equal to the reserve price is made at the Auction.

26.7. Subject to the law, if:
26.7.1. no bid for the forfeited share is received at the Auction; or
26.7.2. the share is withdrawn from sale;

the Share must be held by the Directors in trust for the Company and then be disposed of in such manner and on such terms as the Directors determine.

26.8. At any meeting of Members, no person is entitled to any vote in respect of the shares held by the Directors pursuant to rule 26.7.
26.9. The proceeds of the Auction or the disposal under rule 26.7 must be applied to pay:
26.9.1. first, the expenses of the Auction or disposal (as the case may be);
26.9.2. then, any expenses necessarily incurred in respect of the forfeiture; and
26.9.3. then, the calls on the Share that are due and unpaid;

with the balance (if any) of the proceeds of the Auction or disposal (as the case may be) ( Balance ) to be paid to the Member whose share has been sold.

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26.10. If there is a share certificate that relates to the share, the Balance does not have to be paid until the Member delivers the share certificate to the Company.
26.11. A Member whose shares have been forfeited may redeem those shares, at any time up to or on the last Business day before the Auction, by paying to the Company:
26.11.1. all calls due on the forfeited shares; and
26.11.2. if the Company so requires, a portion calculated on a pro rata basis, of all:
- 26.11.2.1. expenses incurred by the Company in respect of the forfeiture; and
- 26.11.2.2. costs and expenses of any proceedings taken in respect of the forfeiture.
26.12. Upon payment of the amounts referred to in rule 26.11, the relevant Member IS entitled to the share as if the forfeiture had not occurred.
26.13. On the last Business Day before the Auction, the registered office of the Company must be open during the hours for which it is required by the Corporations Act to be open and accessible to the public.
26.14. Every share which is forfeited may, subject to the Applicable Law, be sold or otherwise disposed of on such terms and in such manner as the Directors think fit and where the ASX Settlement Operating Rules apply the Directors and the Company have authority to do whatever is necessary or appropriate under the ASX Settlement Operating Rules to effect the transfer.
26.15. Forfeited shares which are withdrawn from sale or for which no bid is received at the sale are held by the Directors in trust for the Company and may be disposed of in such manner and on such terms as the Directors determine.
26.16. Forfeited shares which have been offered for sale at auction may afterwards be sold by private treaty, with payment either in cash or by instalments, with or without interest.
26.17. The Directors may at any time before the forfeited shares have been sold or otherwise disposed of, annul the forfeiture of the shares upon such conditions as they think fit.
26.18. A statement in writing by a Director or the Secretary that a share in the Company has been duly forfeited on a date stated is prima facie evidence of the facts stated as against all persons claiming to be entitled to the share.

27. REGISTRATION OF FORFEITED SHARE

27.1. On a sale after forfeiture:
27.1.1. the name of a person to whom the shares are sold must be entered in the Register in respect of them;
27.1.2. the person to whom the shares are sold is not bound to see to the regularity of the proceedings in relation to the forfeiture or sale or to the application of the consideration and that person's title to the shares is not affected by any act, omission or irregularity in those proceedings;

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27.1.3. a statement signed by two Directors and the Secretary that the shares have been regularly forfeited and sold is conclusive evidence of that as against all persons claiming to be entitled to the shares; and
27.1.4. the remedy of a person aggrieved by the forfeiture or sale "is in damages only and against the Company exclusively.

28. SURRENDER OF SHARES

28.1. The Directors may accept the surrender of any share and any share surrendered may be disposed of in the same manner as a forfeited share.

TRANSFER OF SHARES

29. PARTICIPATION IN TRANSFER SCHEMES

29.1. The Company at any time and from time to time may participate in any computerised or electronic share transfer registration or stock market settlement system introduced by or acceptable to ASX or as provided for by the Corporation Act or the ASX Settlement Operating Rules.

30. RIGHT TO TRANSFER

30.1. Except where required or permitted by law, the Applicable Law or this Constitution, there is no restriction on the transfer of shares.
30.2. Subject to rules 31.1 and 33 the Company and the Directors must not in any way prevent, delay or interfere with the generation of a proper ASX Settlement transfer or the registration of a paper-based transfer in registrable form of any securities.

31. HOLDING LOCK

31.1. The Company may ask ASX Settlement to apply a holding lock to prevent a proper ASX Settlement transfer, or refuse to register a paper-based transfer, in any of the circumstances permitted by law (including the Applicable Law) and the Company may do all such things as may be necessary or appropriate under the Applicable Law to protect any lien, charge, or other right to which it may be entitled under the law or under this Constitution.
31.2. If the Company refuses to register a paper-based transfer under rule 31.1 it must tell the lodging party in writing of the refusal and the reason for it. The Company must do so within 5 Business Days after the date on which the transfer was lodged.
31.3. If the Company asks ASX Settlement to apply a holding lock under rule 31.1 the Company must tell the Holder of the securities in writing of the holding lock and the reason for it. It must do so within 5 Business Days after the date on which it asked for the holding lock.

32. NO DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE REQUIRED

32.1. The Company must not require a statutory declaration or other document in connection with ownership restrictions of its securities before it will register a paper-based transfer or authorise a proper ASX Settlement transfer.

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33. REFUSAL TO REGISTER A TRANSFER

33.1. Where the Company issues new certificates under these rules after a reorganisation of capital, the Company must reject a transfer accompanied by a certificate issued before ASX recognised the reorganisation as not being in registrable form.
33.2. The Company must refuse to register a paper-based transfer if some or all of the securities involved are reserved for an offeror because the offeree has accepted a takeover offer. However, the Company must register the transfer if:
33.2.1. the takeover offer is not, or is no longer, subject to a defeating condition; and
33.2.2. the transfer is to or at the direction of the offeror.

34. TRANSFER DOCUMENTS AND PROCESSING

34.1. The transfer document of any security must be in writing in any usual or common form or in any other form which the Directors may approve or in such form as is required ASX Settlement Operating Rules and may be comprised of more than 1 document. If the transfer is a proper ASX Settlement transfer the transfer document must be in such form as the Directors may approve, subject to the ASX Settlement Operating Rules.
34.2. The transfer document of a security must be effected or validated by or on behalf of the transferor and, except where the transferee is deemed by this Constitution or the Applicable Law to have accepted the shares transferred, must also be effected by the transferee. The transfer document is deemed to have been signed by the transferor where it has been validated by the stamp of the transferor's broker in accordance with the Corporations Act, and the transfer document is deemed to have been signed by the transferee where it has been validated by the stamp of the transferee's broker in accordance with the Corporations Act.
34.3. All powers of attorney granted by Members which may be used for the purpose of transferring shares and which are lodged produced or exhibited to the Company are deemed as between the Company and the grantor of the powers to remain in full force and may be acted upon until express notice in writing of their revocation or of the death of the grantor is lodged at the Office or at the Company's share registry.
34.4. The transferor is deemed to remain the Holder of the security until the name of the transferee is entered in the Register in respect of the security and, subject to rule 34.6, the date of transfer is governed by the ASX Settlement Operating Rules.
34.5. Subject to the ASX Settlement Operating Rules all transfer documents which are registered must be retained by the Company but any transfer document which the Directors decline to register, except on the grounds of fraud, must upon demand in writing be returned to the party presenting it.
34.6. If the Company receives a paper-based transfer in registrable form on or after the date on which securities in that class became CHESS Approved Securities, the Company must:

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34.6.1. if the Holder has an existing holding, register the transfer to the same subregister unless the transferee chooses differently;
34.6.2. if it maintains a Certificated Subregister but not an Issuer Sponsored Subregister, register the transfer as a certificated holding within the time required by the Listing Rules;
34.6.3. if it maintains an Issuer Sponsored Subregister but not a Certificated Subregister, register the transfer as an uncertificated security holding within 5 Business Days after the date the transfer is lodged; and
34.6.4. if it maintains both an Issuer Sponsored Subregister and a Certificated Subregister:
34.6.4.1. register the transfer as an uncertificated holding as set out in rule 34.6.3; or
34.6.4.2. if the transferee elects to hold the securities in certificated form, register the transfer as a certificated security holding as set out in rule 34.6.3.

35. PERIOD OF CLOSURE OF REGISTER

35.1. Subject to the Listing Rules and the ASX Settlement Operating Rules, the transfer books and the Register may be closed during such times as the Directors think fit.

TRANSMISSION OF SHARES

36. TITLE TO SHARES FOLLOWING DEATH OF MEMBERS

36.1. In the case of the death of a Member, the survivor or survivors, where the deceased was a joint holder, and the legal personal representatives of the deceased where the deceased was a sole Holder, are the only persons recognised by the Company as having any title to the deceased's interest in the share, but this rule 36 does not release the estate of a deceased joint holder from any liability in respect of a share that had been jointly held by the deceased with any other person.

37. PROCEDURE FOR TRANSMISSION

37.1. Subject to the Bankruptcy Act 1966, a person becoming entitled to a share in consequence of the death or bankruptcy of a Member or to a share of a Member of unsound mind may, upon such information being produced as is properly required by the Directors, elect either to be registered himself or herself as Holder of the share or to have some other person nominated by him or her registered as the transferee of the share.
37.2. If the person so becoming entitled elects to be registered himself or herself, he or she must deliver or send to the Company a notice in writing signed by him or her stating that he or she so elects.
37.3. If the person elects to have another person registered, he or she must effect a transfer of the share to that other person.
37.4. All the limitations, restrictions and provisions of this Constitution relating to the right to transfer, and the registration of transfer of, shares apply to the notice

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or transfer as if the death or bankruptcy of the Member had not occurred and the notice or transfer were a transfer signed by that Member.

38. RIGHTS OF PERSON ENTITLED

38.1. Where the registered Holder of a share is an infant, is of unsound mind, dies or becomes bankrupt, the guardian, the committee, the personal representative or the trustee of the estate of the registered Holder, as the case may be, is, upon the production of such information as is properly required by the Directors, entitled to the same dividends and other advantages, and to the same rights (whether in relation to meetings of the Company, or to voting or otherwise), as the registered Holder would have been entitled to if he or she had not been an infant, of unsound mind, died or become bankrupt.
38.2. Where 2 or more persons are jointly entitled to any share in consequence of the death of the registered Holder, they are, for the purpose of this Constitution, deemed to be joint holders of the share.

CONVERSION OF SHARES

39. COMPANY MAY CONVERT SHARES

39.1. The Company may by resolution convert all or any of its shares into a larger or smaller number of shares, without altering the proportion between the amount paid and the amount (if any) unpaid on the shares concerned, subject to the Applicable Law.
39.2. All ordinary shares must have the same rights and obligations attached to them unless otherwise approved by ASX or permitted by the Applicable Law.

40. POWER TO REDUCE CAPITAL

40.1. The Company may, subject to the Applicable Law, by special resolution reduce its share capital, including its paid-up capital, asset revaluation reserve, and any other reserve account in any way and in particular may:
40.1.1. extinguish or reduce the liability on any of its shares in respect of share capital not paid up;
40.1.2. cancel any paid-up share capital that is lost or is not represented by available assets; or
40.1.3. payoff any paid-up share capital that is in excess of the needs of the Company.
40.2. The distribution of any reduction or buy-back in respect of the share capital of the Company may include any or all of the payment of cash, the issue or transfer of securities (either in the Company or another body corporate) and the transfer of assets.
40.3. If the distribution of any reduction or buy-back in respect of the share capital of the Company includes an issue or transfer of shares in a body corporate (not being the Company), each Member:
40.3.1. agrees to become a member of that body corporate; and

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40.3.2. in the case of a transfer, appoints the Company and each Director as its agent to execute an instrument of transfer or other document required to transfer the relevant securities to that Member.

GENERAL MEETING

41. CONVENING OF GENERAL MEETINGS

41.1. Except as permitted by law a general meeting, to be called the annual general meeting , must be held at least once in every calendar year.
41.2. The Directors may whenever they think fit convene a general meeting.
41.3. Except as provided in the Corporations Act, no Member is and no Members together are entitled to convene a general meeting.

42. NOTICE OF GENERAL MEETINGS

42.1. Notice of a general meeting must be given as required by the Corporations Act.
42.2. A notice of a general meeting must specify:
42.2.1. the place, the day and the hour of meeting (and, if the meeting is to be held in 2 or more places, the technology that will be used to facilitate this);
42.2.2. state the general nature of the business of the meeting;
42.2.3. if a special resolution is to be proposed at the meeting, set out an intention to propose the special resolution and state the resolution; and
42.2.4. contain a statement setting out the following information:
- 42.2.4.1. that the Members has a right to appoint a proxy;
- 42.2.4.2. that the proxy need not be a Member of the Company; and
- 42.2.4.3. that a Member who is entitled to cast 2 or more votes may appoint 2 proxies and may specify the proportion or number of votes each proxy is appointed to exercise.
42.3. A notice must comply with any Listing Rule requirement for notices.

43. ACCIDENTAL OMISSION TO GIVE NOTICE

43.1. The accidental omission to give notice of any general meeting to or the nonreceipt of the notice by any of the Members or the auditor or ASX or the accidental omission to advertise (if necessary) the meeting does not invalidate the proceedings or any resolution passed at the meeting.

44. CANCELLATION OR POSTPONEMENT OF GENERAL MEETINGS

44.1. Subject to rule 44.2, the Directors may, either by:
44.1.1. advertisement published in a newspaper circulating in each capital city of every Australian state or territory; or
44.1.2. announcement via the ASX's Company's Announcement Office;

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on or before the day of a proposed general meeting, cancel a proposed general meeting convened by them.

44.2. Where a proposed general meeting was requisitioned by Shareholders pursuant to the Corporations Act, that meeting may only be cancelled by the Directors pursuant to rule 44.1 if a written notice of withdrawal of the requisition signed by the requisitioning Members has been deposited at the Office.
44.3. Where a general meeting is cancelled in reliance on rule 44.1.1:
44.3.1. the Directors must, in addition to publication of advertisements in accordance with rule 44.1.1, endeavour to notify each Member of cancellation of a proposed general meeting by posting a notice to the address of each Member as stated in the Register; but
44.3.2. failure to post the notice to any Member or the non-receipt of the notice by any Member does not affect the validity of the cancellation of the proposed general meeting.
44.4. The Directors may, either by:
44.4.1. advertisement published in a newspaper circulating in each capital city of every Australian State or Territory; or
44.4.2. announcement via the ASX's Company's Announcement Office (which shall include the detail specified in rule 44.5.2;

on or before the day of a proposed general meeting, postpone the proposed general meeting from time to time (for a period not exceeding 28 days) or vary the venue of the proposed general meeting, but no business may be transacted at any postponed meeting other than the business stated in the notice to Members of the postponed general meeting.

44.5. Where a general meeting is postponed in reliance on rule 44.4.1:
44.5.1. the Directors must, in addition to publication or advertisements in accordance with rule 44.4.1, endeavour to notify each Member of the postponement or variation of venue of a proposed general meeting by posting a notice to the address of each Member as stated in the Register;
44.5.2. the notice must include details of the day, time and place on and at which the postponed general meeting will be held or, in the case of variation of venue, details of the new venue; but
44.5.3. failure to post the notice to any Member or the non-receipt of the notice by any Member does not affect the validity of the postponement or variation of venue of the proposed general meeting.
44.6. A proposed general meeting may not be postponed on more than 2 occasions.

45. MEETING AT MORE THAN ONE PLACE

45.1. A meeting of Members may be held in 2 or more places linked together by any technology that:
45.1.1. gives the Members as a whole in those places a reasonable opportunity to participate in proceedings;

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45.1.2. enables the chairperson to be aware of proceedings in each place; and
45.1.3. enables the Members as a whole in each place to vote on a show of hands and on a poll.
45.2. If a meeting of Members is held in 2 or more places under rule 45.1:
45.2.1. a Member present at one of the places is taken to be present at the meeting; and
45.2.2. the chairperson of that meeting may determine at which place the meeting is taken to have been held.

46. REPRESENTATION OF MEMBER

46.1. Any Member may be represented at any general meeting of the Company or at a meeting of the holders of a class of shares by a proxy or attorney.
46.2. If a body corporate is a Member it may also, by resolution of its Directors or other governing body, authorise such person as it thinks fit to act as its representative either at a particular general meeting or at all general meetings of the Company or of any class of Members. Where a person so authorised is present at a general meeting, the body corporate is deemed to be personally present at the meeting.
46.3. A person authorised under rule 46.2 is, in accordance with that authority and until it is revoked by the body corporate, entitled to exercise the same powers on behalf of the body corporate as the body corporate could exercise if it were a natural person who was a Member.

PROCEEDINGS AT GENERAL MEETINGS

47. QUORUM

47.1. No business may be transacted at any general meeting unless a quorum of Members is present at the time when the meeting proceeds to business.
47.2. Except as provided in rules 7 and 47, until the Company in general meeting otherwise decides, 2 Members present constitute a quorum except that one Member shall constitute a quorum where such Member is in accordance with this Constitution and the Corporations Act the sole Member of the Company.
47.3. For the purpose of determining whether a quorum is present in accordance with rule 47.2 a person attending as a proxy (including each proxy of a Member appointing more than one proxy) or attorney or as a representative of a body corporate that is a Member, is deemed to be a Member.
47.4. In determining whether a quorum is present for a meeting of Members:
47.4.1. where more than one proxy, attorney or representative of a Member is present, only one of those persons is counted;
47.4.2. where a person is present as a Member and as a proxy, attorney or representative of another Member, that person is counted separately for each appointment provided that there is at least one other Member present; and

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47.4.3. where a person is present as a proxy, attorney or representative for more than one Member, that person is counted separately for each appointment provided that there is at least one other Member present.

48. ABSENCE OF QUORUM

48.1. If a quorum is not present within 30 minutes after the time appointed for the meeting:
48.1.1. where the meeting was convened upon the requisition of Members the meeting is dissolved; or
48.1.2. in any other case:
- 48.1.2.1. the meeting stands adjourned to the same Business Day in the next week at the same time and place, or to such other day, time and place as the Directors may, by notice to the Members, determine; and
- 48.1.2.2. if at the adjourned meeting a quorum is not present within 30 minutes after the time appointed for the meeting, the meeting shall be dissolved.

49. ORDINARY AND SPECIAL BUSINESS

49.1. The business of an annual general meeting is:
49.1.1. to receive and consider the profit and loss account, the balance sheet, the reports of the Directors and of the auditors and the Directors' statement required by the Corporations Act to be attached to the accounts of the Company;
49.1.2. to elect Directors in place of those retiring by rotation or otherwise;
49.1.3. when necessary to appoint auditors and fix their remuneration;
49.1.4. to declare dividends; and
49.1.5. to transact any other business which under this Constitution or the Corporations Act ought to be transacted at an annual general meeting.
49.2. All other business transacted at an annual general meeting and all business transacted at any other general meeting is special business.

50. RESOLUTION PROPOSED BY MEMBERS

50.1. No Member may at any meeting move any resolution relating to special business unless:
50.1.1. the resolution has previously been approved by the Directors; or
50.1.2. the Member has given not less than 30 Business Days' previous notice in writing of the Member's intention to move an ordinary resolution or 45 Business Days' notice in writing of the Member's intention to move a special resolution at the meeting by leaving the notice and a signed copy of the resolution at the Office.
50.2. Upon receiving a notice referred to in rule 50.1.2 the Secretary must:

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50.2.1. if the notice convening the meeting has already been despatched, immediately notify the Members of the proposed resolution; or
50.2.2. otherwise include notice of the proposed resolution in the notice convening the meeting.

51. CHAIRPERSON OF GENERAL MEETINGS

51.1. If the Directors have appointed 1 of their number as chairperson of their meetings, the person appointed presides as chairperson at every general meeting.
51.2. If the Directors have appointed 1 of their number as deputy chairperson of their meetings, to act as chairperson in the absence of the chairperson, the person appointed presides as chairperson at every general meeting at which the chairperson is absent.
51.3. Where a general meeting is held and:
51.3.1. a chairperson or deputy chairperson has not been appointed as referred to in rules 51.1 and 51.2; or
51.3.2. the chairperson or deputy chairperson is not present within 30 minutes after the time appointed for the holding of the meeting or is unwilling to act;

the Directors present may appoint 1 of their number as a chairperson and in default of their doing so the Members present may appoint 1 of the Directors to be chairperson, and, if no Director present is willing to take the chair, must appoint 1 of their number to be chairperson.

51.4. The rulings of the chairperson of a meeting on all matters relating to the order of business, procedure and conduct of a general meeting is final and no motion of dissent from those rulings may be accepted.
51.5. Any persons (including Members) in possession of pictorial recording or sound recording devices, placards, banners or articles considered by the chairperson of a meeting to be dangerous, offensive or liable to cause disruption, or who refuse to produce or to permit examination of any articles in their possession or the contents of the articles, may be refused admission to the meeting or may be required to leave and remain out of the meeting.

52. ADJOURNMENT OF MEETINGS

52.1. The chairperson of a meeting may with the consent of any meeting at which a quorum is present, adjourn the meeting from time to. time and from place to place as the meeting determines, but no business may be transacted at any adjourned meeting other than the business left unfinished at the meeting from which the adjournment took place.
52.2. When a meeting is adjourned for 30 days or more, notice of the adjourned meeting must be given as in the case of an original meeting.
52.3. Except as provided by rule 52.2 or the Applicable Law, it is not necessary to give any notice of an adjournment or of the business to be transacted at an adjourned meeting.

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VOTING AT GENERAL MEETINGS

53. VOTING RIGHTS

53.1. Subject to any rights or restrictions for the time being attached to any class or classes of shares at meetings of Members or classes of Members, votes may be given either personally or by proxy or attorney under power or, in the case of a body corporate, by its representative.
53.2. No person is entitled to vote unless the person is a Member and present in person or by proxy or attorney or is the representative of a body corporate which is a Member.
53.3. Subject to the rights or restrictions attached to any class or classes of shares, on a show of hands every Member present in person or by proxy has 1 vote.
53.4. Subject to rule 53.3 on a poll every Member present has 1 vote for each fully paid share and a fraction of a vote for each partly paid share held by the Member in the Company. The fraction must be equivalent to the proportion which any amount paid (not credited) is of the total amounts paid (if any) and payable (excluding amounts credited). In this rule, amounts paid in advance of a call are ignored when calculating the proportion unless the contrary is expressly provided by rule 24.
53.5. The Holder of a preference share, other than preference shares on issue at the date this Constitution is adopted, (or preference security, as that term is defined in the Listing Rules) has the right to vote in each of the following circumstances but not in any others:
53.5.1. during a period during which a dividend (or part of a dividend) in respect of the shares is in arrears;
53.5.2. on a proposal to reduce the capital of the Company;
53.5.3. on a resolution to approve the terms of a buy-back agreement;
53.5.4. on a proposal that affects the rights attached to the preference share;
53.5.5. on a proposal to wind up the Company;
53.5.6. on a proposal for the disposal of the whole of the Company's property, business and undertaking;
53.5.7. during the winding up of the Company; and
53.5.8. when holders of preference shares are entitled to vote in respect thereof they shall have the same rights of voting as are hereby given to the holders of ordinary shares.

54. VOTING DISQUALIFICATION

54.1. A Holder of ordinary shares has no right to vote at a general meeting in respect of those shares if:
54.1.1. calls due and payable on those shares have not been paid;
54.1.2. the person became a Holder of the shares after the specified time (being not more than 48 hours prior to the time of the meeting) established by the Company in accordance with a law of a state or

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territory or of the Commonwealth for the purpose of voting at the meeting;

54.1.3. the right is removed or changed under Australian legislation, or under a provision of this Constitution which must be included to comply with Australian legislation, but this rule 54.1.3 ceases to apply once it is no longer necessary;
54.1.4. the right is removed or changed under a provision in this Constitution that is permitted by the Listing Rules or that ASX has approved as appropriate and equitable; or
54.1.5. the right is removed or changed under a court order.

55. POWER TO DEMAND A POLL

55.1. At any general meeting a resolution put to the vote of the meeting is decided on a show of hands unless a poll is demanded (before or on the declaration of the result of the show of hands):
55.1.1. by the chairperson of the meeting;
55.1.2. by at least 5 Members having the right to vote at the meeting;
55.1.3. by a Member or Members with at least 5% of the votes that may be cast on the resolution on a poll; or
55.1.4. by a Member or Members holding shares in the Company conferring a right to vote at the meeting, being shares on which an aggregate sum has been paid up equal to not less than 5% of the total sum paid up on all the shares conferring that right.

56. EVIDENCE OF RESOLUTIONS

56.1. Unless a poll is demanded as provided by rule 55, a declaration by the chairperson of the meeting that a resolution or a special meeting has on a show of hands been carried or carried unanimously, or by a particular majority, or lost or not carried by a particular majority, and an entry to that effect in the book containing the minutes of the proceedings of the Company, signed by the chairperson of that or the next succeeding meeting, is conclusive evidence of the fact without proof of the number or proportion of the votes recorded in favour of or against the resolution or special resolution (as the case may be).

57. CONDUCT OF POLL

57.1. If a poll is duly demanded, it must be taken in such manner as the chairperson directs and, subject to rule 57.2, either at once or after an interval or adjournment, not exceeding 14 days, as the chairperson directs, and the result of the poll is the resolution of the meeting at which the poll was demanded.
57.2. A poll demanded on the election of a chairperson of a meeting and a poll demanded on a question of adjournment must be taken at the meeting and without adjournment.
57.3. The demand for a poll does not prevent the continuance of a meeting for the transaction of any business other than the question on which a poll has been demanded.

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57.4. The demand for a poll may be withdrawn.

58. CASTING VOTE

58.1. In the case of an equality of votes, whether on a show of hands or on a poll, the chairperson of the meeting at which the show of hands takes place or at which the poll is demanded, in addition to any vote or votes which he or she has as a Member, has a casting vote. The chairperson has a discretion both as to use of the casting vote and as to the way in which it is used.

59. VOTING RIGHTS OF JOINT SHAREHOLDERS

59.1. In the case of joint holders of any shares any 1 may vote but the vote of the person first named in the Register who tenders a vote, whether in person or by proxy or attorney, must be accepted to the exclusion of the votes of the other joint holders. Several executors or administrators of a deceased Member, for the purposes of this rule 59.1, are deemed joint holders.

60. VOTING RIGHTS OF PERSONS ENTITLED UNDER TRANSMISSION RULE

60.1. A person entitled under rule 37 to any shares may not vote at a meeting or adjourned meeting in respect of the shares unless:
60.1.1. at least 24 hours before the time of holding the meeting or adjourned meeting as the case may be at which he or she proposes to vote he or she lodges at the Office documentation of entitlement which satisfies the chairperson of the meeting or adjourned meeting of his or her right to the shares; or
60.1.2. the Directors have previously admitted his or her right to vote at the meeting in respect of the shares.

61. OBJECTIONS TO EXERCISE OF VOTING RIGHTS

61.1. An objection may be raised to the qualification of a voter only at the meeting or adjourned meeting at which the vote objected to is given or tendered.
61.2. The objection must be referred to the chairperson of the meeting, whose decision is final.
61.3. A vote not disallowed following the objection is valid for all purposes.

PROXIES

62. MULTIPLE PROXIES

62.1. A Member may appoint not more than 2 proxies. A proxy need not be a Member.
62.2. Where a Member appoints 2 proxies and does not specify the proportion or number of the Member's votes or specifies proportions or numbers which exceed the totality of the Member's votes each proxy may exercise half of the Member's rights but not more.
62.3. Where a Holder appoints more than 2 proxies all but the last 2 received by the Company (whether received before or after the latest time for lodgement of proxies) shall be automatically invalid.

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63. DEPOSIT OF PROXY AND ATTORNEY INSTRUMENT

63.1. An instrument appointing a proxy may not be treated as valid unless the instrument, and the power of attorney or other authority (if any) under which the instrument is signed or proof of the power or authority to the satisfaction of the Directors is or are deposited at the Office or at the Company's share registry not less than 48 hours before the time for the holding of the particular meeting or adjourned meeting as the case may be at which the person named in the instrument proposes to vote.
63.2. The instrument appointing a proxy must specify a place and a facsimile number, and may specify an electronic address for the purpose of receipt of proxy appointments.
63.3. For the purpose of rule 63.1 it is sufficient if the proxy is received at the Office, at the Company's share registry by facsimile transmission or to the Company's electronic address or by similar means of communication in a reasonably legible form. If the proxy is required to be accompanied by other documents then these documents may also be received at the Office or the Company's share registry by facsimile transmission.

64. PROXY INSTRUMENT TO BE IN WRITING

64.1. An instrument appointing a proxy must be in writing under the hand of the appointor or of the appointor's attorney duly authorised in writing or, if the appointor is a body corporate, either under its common seal if it has a common seal, or under the hand of an officer or duly authorised attorney or duly authorised representative.

65. FORM OF PROXY

65.1. The instrument of proxy must be in the form determined by the Directors but the form must comply with the Applicable Law.
65.2. The form may provide that if the Member leaves it blank as to the person appointed as proxy or if the person or persons named as proxy fails or fail to attend, the chairperson of the meeting is appointed proxy.

66. EFFECT OF PROXY INSTRUMENT

66.1. An instrument appointing a proxy is deemed to confer authority to speak at the meeting to vote (but only to the extent allowed by the appointment) and to join in a demand for a poll.
66.2. If a proxy is only for a single meeting it may be used at any postponement or adjournment of that meeting, unless the proxy states otherwise.
66.3. A proxy may be revoked at any time by notice in writing to the Company.

67. VOTING RIGHTS OF PROXIES AND ATTORNEYS

67.1. An instrument appointing a proxy may specify the manner in which the proxy is to vote in respect of a particular resolution and, where an instrument of proxy so provides, the proxy is not entitled to vote on the resolution except as specified in the instrument.
67.2. A vote given or act done in accordance with the terms of an instrument of proxy or of a power of attorney is valid despite:

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67.2.1. the previous death or unsoundness of mind of the principal;
67.2.2. the revocation of the instrument (or of the authority under which the instrument was executed) or of the power; or
67.2.3. the transfer of the share in respect of which the instrument or power is given;

if the Company has not received written notification of the death, unsoundness of mind, revocation or transfer at the Office or the Company's share registry more than 24 hours before the commencement of the meeting or adjourned meeting at which the instrument is used or the power is exercised.

APPOINTMENT AND REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS

68. NUMBER OF DIRECTORS

68.1. The number of Directors must be neither less than 3 nor more than 10.
68.2. The Company in general meeting may by resolution increase or reduce the number of Directors but the number may not be reduced below 3.

69. DIRECTORS’ QUALIFICATIONS

69.1. A share qualification for directors may be fixed by the Company in general meeting. Unless and until so fixed a Director is not required to hold any share in the Company.

70. APPOINTMENT OF DIRECTORS

70.1. The Company in general meeting may by resolution and the Directors may at any time appoint any other qualified person to be a Director, either to fill a casual vacancy or as an addition to the existing Directors, but so that the total number of Directors does not at any time exceed the number fixed by rule 68.
70.2. Any Director appointed under rule 70.1 holds office only until the next annual general meeting of the Company and is then eligible for re-election but is not taken into account in determining the number of Directors who are to retire by rotation at that meeting.

71. INSUFFICIENT DIRECTORS

71.1. In the event of a vacancy or vacancies in the office of a Director or offices of Directors, the remaining Directors may act, but if the number of remaining Directors is not sufficient to constitute a quorum at a meeting of Directors, they may act only for the purpose of increasing the number of Directors to a number sufficient to constitute a quorum or convening a general meeting of the Company or in emergencies, but for no other purpose.

72. RESIGNATION OF DIRECTORS

72.1. Any Director may retire from office upon giving notice in writing to the Company of his or her intention to do so and the resignation takes effect in accordance with the terms of the notice.

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73. REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS

73.1. Subject to the provisions of this Constitution and the Corporations Act the Company may by resolution passed at any general meeting remove any Director and may appoint another person in his or her stead. The person so appointed holds office during such time only as the Director in whose place he or she is appointed would have held office.

74. ROTATION OF DIRECTORS

74.1. At each annual general meeting of the Company 1/3 of the Directors for the time being or, if their number is not 3 or a multiple of 3, then the number nearest to but not exceeding 1/3, retire from office but no Director may retain office for more than 3 years without submitting himself or herself for reelection even though the submission results in more than 1/3 of the Directors retiring from office.
74.2. The Director or Directors to retire at an annual general meeting other than the first annual general meeting are those who have been longest in office since their election.
74.3. As between or among 2 or more Directors who became Directors on the same day, the Director or Directors to retire are determined by lot unless they otherwise agree between or among themselves.
74.4. A retiring Director is eligible for re-election without the necessity of giving any previous notice of his or her intention to submit himself or herself for reelection.
74.5. Unless the Directors decide to reduce the number of Directors in office the Company at any annual general meeting at which any Director retires may fill the vacated office by re-electing the retiring Director or, subject to rule 75, electing some other qualified person.

75. NOMINATION FOR ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

75.1. No person is eligible for election as a Director at any general meeting unless there has been left at the Office a notice in writing:
75.1.1. signed by the person signifying his or her candidature; or
75.1.2. if a Member intends to nominate another person for election, signed by that Member and by the person nominated signifying the person's consent to the nomination.
75.2. Rule 75.1 does not apply to a Director retiring by rotation, a Director appointed by virtue of rule 73.1 or a person recommended by the Directors for election.
75.3. The Company must accept a notice given under rule 75.1 up to 30 Business Days before the date of the general meeting and, subject to rule 75.4, may accept a notice given under rule 75.1 within 30 Business Days of a general meeting.
75.4. Notice of each and every candidature must be sent by the Company to all Members at least 14 days before the general meeting at which an election is to take place.

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76. VACATION OF OFFICE OF DIRECTORS

76.1. In addition to the circumstances in which the office of a Director becomes vacant by virtue of the Corporations Act the office of a Director becomes vacant if the Director:
76.1.1. becomes bankrupt or suspends payment or compounds with his or her creditors;
76.1.2. becomes of unsound mind or a person whose person or estate is liable to be dealt with in any way under the law relating to mental health;
76.1.3. is removed by a resolution pursuant to rule 73.1;
76.1.4. is absent from 3 consecutive meetings of the Directors without special leave of absence from the Directors and the Directors thereupon declare his or her seat to be vacant;
76.1.5. fails to pay any call due on any shares held by him or her for the space of 1 month or such further time as the Directors allow after the time when the call is made;
76.1.6. being an Executive Director, ceases to be employed full time by the Company or any subsidiary or related body corporate; or
76.1.7. becomes prohibited from being a director under or by reason of any order made under the Corporations Act.

ALTERNATE DIRECTORS

77. POWER TO APPOINT

77.1. A Director may appoint any person approved for that purpose by a majority of the other Directors to act as an alternate Director in place of the appointor whenever the appointor is unable or unwilling to act personally by reason of illness, absence or any other cause and may do so generally or for a meeting or for any other purpose or for a specified period.
77.2. A Managing Director may not appoint an alternate to act as Managing Director.

78. RIGHTS AND POWERS OF ALTERNATE DIRECTOR

78.1. An alternate director is entitled to notice of meetings of the Directors and, if the appointor is not present at such a meeting, is entitled to attend and vote in his or her place.
78.2. An alternate director may exercise any powers that the appointor may exercise and the exercise of any power by the alternate director is deemed to be the exercise of the power by the appointor.
78.3. An alternate director is not required to have any share qualification.
78.4. An alternate director is not taken into account in determining the number of Directors or rotation of Directors.

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79. SUSPENSION OR REVOCATION OF APPOINTMENT

79.1. A Director may suspend or revoke the appointment of an alternate director appointed by him or her.
79.2. The Directors may suspend or remove an alternate director by resolution after giving the appointor reasonable notice of their intention to do so.

80. FORM OF APPOINTMENT, SUSPENSION OR REVOCATION

80.1. Subject to Rule 79.2, every appointment, suspension or revocation of appointment or removal of an alternate director must be made by notice in writing signed by the Director making it.

81. TERMINATION OF APPOINTMENT

81.1. The appointment of an alternate director automatically determines:
81.1.1. if the Director for whom the alternate director acts as alternate ceases to hold office as Director;
81.1.2. on the happening in respect of the alternate director of any event which causes a Director to vacate the office of Director; or
81.1.3. if the alternate director resigns the appointment by written notice left at the Office.

82. POWER TO ACT AS ALTERNATE FOR MORE THAN 1 DIRECTOR

82.1. A Director or any other person may act as alternate director to represent more than 1 Director.

MANAGING DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS

83. POWER TO APPOINT

83.1. The Directors may appoint 1 or more of their number to be a Managing Director or Managing Directors of the Company or to any other office (except that of auditor) or employment under the Company either for a fixed term (but not for life) or without fixing any term and otherwise subject to such conditions limitations and restrictions as the Directors may determine.
83.2. If there is more than 1 Managing Director in office, the Managing Directors hold office jointly.

84. QUALIFICATIONS

84.1. A Managing Director appointed under rule 83.1 (or, if there is more than 1 Managing Director at the same time, the one appointed first), is not subject to retirement by rotation under rule 74 and is not taken into account in determining the rotation of retirement of Directors, but is, subject to the provisions of any contract between him or her and the Company and to this Constitution, subject to the same provisions as to resignation, disqualification and removal as the other Directors and if he or she ceases to hold the office of Director from any cause he or she automatically ceases to be a Managing Director.

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85. TEMPORARY APPOINTMENTS

85.1. If a Managing Director or an Executive Director becomes in any way incapable of acting in that capacity the Directors may appoint any other person to act temporarily as Managing Director or Executive Director.

86. REMOVAL OR DISMISSAL

86.1. The Directors at any time may remove or dismiss any Managing Director or Executive Director from his or her office and appoint another in his or her place.

87. POWERS

87.1. The Directors may from time to time entrust to and confer upon a Managing Director or an Executive Director for the time being such of the powers exercisable under this Constitution as they think expedient and they may from time to time revoke, withdraw, alter or vary all or any of those powers.

88. REMUNERATION OF MANAGING DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS

88.1. Subject to the provisions of any contract between the Company and a Managing Director or an Executive Director the remuneration of a Managing Director or an Executive Director is fixed from time to time by the Directors and may be by way of fixed salary or participation in profits of the Company or of any other company in which the Company is interested or by any or all of those modes but may not be by way of commission on or percentage of operating revenue of the Company.
88.2. Unless otherwise determined by the Company in general meeting this remuneration may be in addition to any remuneration which he or she receives as a Director.

REMUNERATION OF DIRECTORS

89. PAYMENT OF FEES

89.1. The Directors may be paid out of the funds of the Company as remuneration for their ordinary services as Directors such sum as has been or may from time to time be determined by the Company in general meeting. Pending determination in general meeting the amount shall be as the Directors resolve.
89.2. The remuneration must be by a fixed sum and not by a commission on or percentage of operating revenue of the Company or (except in the case of a Managing Director or Executive Director) its profits.
89.3. The sum so fixed must be divided among the Directors in such proportion and manner as they agree from time to time or, in default of agreement, equally.
89.4. The remuneration of each Director for his or her ordinary services is deemed to accrue from day to day and is to be apportioned accordingly.

90. PAYMENT OF EXPENSES

90.1. The Directors may also be paid all travelling and other expenses properly incurred by them in attending and returning from meetings of the Directors or

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any committee of the Directors or general meetings of the Company or otherwise in connection with the execution of their duties as Directors.

91. PAYMENT FOR EXTRA SERVICES

91.1. Any Director who being willing is called upon to perform extra services or to make any special exertions or to undertake any executive or other work for the Company beyond his or her ordinary duties or to go or reside abroad or otherwise away from home for any of the purposes of the Company may, subject to the Corporations Act, be remunerated either by a fixed sum or a salary as determined by the Directors and this remuneration shall be in addition to his or her share in the remuneration provided by rule 89 unless otherwise agreed.

92. INCREASES IN REMUNERATION

92.1. The Company must not increase the total amount of Directors' remuneration payable by it without the Members' approval by ordinary resolution at a general meeting.
92.2. The notice convening the general meeting at which any increase is to be proposed must comply with the Listing Rules and include the amount of the increase and the maximum amount that may be paid to the Directors as a whole.
92.3. This rule does not apply to the salary of an Executive Director or Managing Director.

93. CANCELLATION, SUSPENSION, REDUCTION OR POSTPONEMENT

93.1. A resolution of Directors cancelling, suspending, reducing or postponing payment of any remuneration in whole or in part binds all the Directors for the time being.

94. EFFECT OF CESSATION OF OFFICE

94.1. Upon a Director ceasing or at any time after his or her ceasing to hold office, whether by retirement or otherwise, the Directors may pay to the former Director or in the case of death to his or her legal personal representatives or dependants or any of them a lump sum in respect of past services of the Director of an amount not exceeding the amount either permitted by the Applicable Law with the approval of the Company in general meeting. The Company may contract with any Director to secure payment of the lump sum to the Director, his or her legal personal representatives or dependants or any of them, unless prohibited by the Applicable Law.
94.2. A determination made by the Directors in good faith that a person is or was at the time of the death of a Director a dependant of the Director is conclusive for all purposes of rule 94.1.

POWERS AND DUTIES OF DIRECTORS

95. GENERAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

95.1. Subject to the Corporations Act and to any other provision of this Constitution, the business of the Company is managed and controlled by the Directors, who may pay all expenses incurred in promoting and forming the Company,

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and may exercise all powers of the Company which are not, by the Applicable Law or this Constitution, required to be exercised by the Company in general meeting.

95.2. No rule made or resolution passed by the Company in general meeting can invalidate any prior act of the Directors which would have been valid if that rule or resolution had not been made or passed.
95.3. The Company must obtain the Members’ approval by ordinary resolution at a general meeting if any significant change, either directly or indirectly to the nature or scale of its activities involves the Company disposing of its main undertaking. However, the Company may enter into an agreement of this type before approval is given by the Members if the agreement is made subject to that approval.

96. BORROWING POWERS

96.1. Without limiting rule 95.1, the Directors have power to raise or borrow any sum or sums of money for the purposes of the Company and to secure the payment or repayment of the money and any other obligation or liability of the Company in such manner and on such other terms and conditions in all respects as they think fit whether upon the security of any mortgage or by the issue of debentures or debenture stock of the Company charged upon all or any of the property of the Company (both present and future) including its goodwill, undertaking and uncalled capital for the time being or upon bills of exchange, promissory notes or other obligations or otherwise.

97. NEGOTIABLE

97.1. All cheques, promissory notes, bankers drafts, bills of exchange and other negotiable instruments, and all receipts for money paid to the Company may be signed, drawn, accepted, endorsed or otherwise executed, as the case may be, by any 2 Directors or in such other manner as the Directors determine from time to time.

98. APPOINTMENT OF ATTORNEY

98.1. The Directors may appoint any person or persons to be the attorney or attorneys of the Company for the purposes, with the powers, authorities and discretions (being powers, authorities and discretions vested in or exercisable by the Directors), for the period and subject to the conditions they think fit.
98.2. Any power of attorney may contain those provisions for the protection and convenience of persons dealing with the attorney that the Directors think fit and may also authorise the attorney to delegate all or any of the powers, authorities and discretions vested in the attorney.

99. CONFERMENT OF POWERS

99.1. The Directors may confer upon any Director or such other person as they may select the powers exercisable under this Constitution by the Directors as they think fit for such time and to be exercised for such objects and purposes and upon the terms and conditions and with such restrictions as they think expedient.

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99.2. The Directors may confer those powers either collaterally with or to the exclusion of and in substitution for all or any of the powers of the Directors in that behalf.
99.3. The Directors may revoke, withdraw, alter or vary all or any of those powers.

PROCEEDINGS OF DIRECTORS

100. MEETING OF DIRECTORS

100.1. The Directors may meet together for the despatch of business and adjourn and otherwise regulate their meetings as they think fit.
100.2. The minutes of any meeting of the Directors must state the method of meeting and the persons present.
100.3. A meeting of Directors may be held using any technology.
100.4. If a meeting of Directors is held in 2 or more places linked together by any technology:
100.4.1. a Director present at one of the places is taken to be present at the meeting unless and until the Director states to the chairperson of the meeting that the Director is discontinuing her or her participation in the meeting; and
100.4.2. the chairperson of that meeting may determine at which place the meeting will be taken to have been held.

101. CONVENING OF MEETING

101.1. A Director may at any time, and the Secretary must on the requisition of a Director, convene a meeting of the Directors.

102. NOTICE OF MEETING

102.1. Unless the Directors unanimously resolve to the contrary, each meeting of the Directors must be called upon at least 48 hours' notice, except that all the Directors may in writing in respect of any particular meeting waive the requisite period of notice.
102.2. Notice of every Directors' meeting must be given to each Director and alternate director except that it is not necessary to give notice of a meeting of Directors to any Director or alternate director who:
102.2.1. has been given special leave of absence; or
102.2.2. is absent from Australia and has not left a facsimile number at which he or she may be given notice.
102.3. Any notice of a meeting of Directors may be given in writing or orally, and whether by facsimile, email, cable, telephone or any other means of communication. If given orally, the Secretary or Director, as the case may be, convening the meeting must speak personally to the Director or alternate director entitled to notice of the meeting.

103. WAIVER OF NOTICE

103.1. All resolutions of the Directors passed at a meeting where a quorum is present but where notice of meeting has not been given to each Director, or

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any act carried out pursuant to any of the resolutions, is as valid as if notice of meeting had been duly given to all Directors if each Director to whom notice was not given subsequently agrees to waive the notice.

104. QUORUM

104.1. At a meeting of Directors, the number of Directors whose presence is necessary to constitute a quorum is 3 Directors entitled to vote or such greater number or lesser number (not being less than 2) as is determined by the Directors. An alternate director (if he or she is not also a Director) present at a meeting is counted in a quorum at a meeting at which the Director who appointed the alternate is not present (so long as the alternate is, under the Corporations Act, entitled to vote).
104.2. Where a person is present as Director and an Alternate Director for another Director, that person is counted separately provided that there is at least one other Director or Alternate Director present.
104.3. Where a person is present as an Alternate Director for more than one Director, that person is counted separately for each appointment provided that there is at least one other Director or Alternate Director present.
104.4. A quorum for a meeting of Directors must be present at all times during the meeting.
104.5. If there are not enough persons to form a quorum for a meeting of Directors, one or more of the Directors (including those who have an interest in a matter being considered at that meeting) may call a general meeting of the Company and the general meeting may pass a resolution to deal with the matter.

105. CHAIRPERSON OF DIRECTORS’ MEETINGS

105.1. The Directors may appoint 1 of their number as chairperson of their meetings and may determine the period for which the chairperson is to hold office. The appointed chairperson must chair each meeting of the Directors.
105.2. The Directors may remove the chairperson of Directors at any time.
105.3. At a meeting of Directors, if:
105.3.1. a chairperson has not been appointed as provided by rule 105.1; or
105.3.2. the chairperson is not present within 15 minutes after the time appointed for the holding of the meeting or is unwilling to act;
the Directors present may appoint 1 of their number to be chairperson of the meeting.
105.4. The Directors may from time to time appoint a deputy chairperson who in the absence of the chairperson at a meeting of the Directors may exercise all the powers and authorities of the chairperson.

106. VOTING OF DIRECTORS

106.1. Subject to this Constitution, questions arising at a meeting of Directors are decided by a majority of votes of Directors and each Director has 1 vote and any such decision is for all purposes deemed a decision of the Directors.
106.2. Subject to the provisions of any rule to the contrary, in case of an equality of votes the chairperson of the meeting, in addition to his or her deliberative vote

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(if any), has a casting vote. The chairperson has a discretion both as to whether or not to use the casting vote and as to the way in which it is used.

106.3. Where only 2 of the Directors who are present are entitled to vote on a question at a meeting the chairperson does not have a casting vote.
106.4. A person who is an alternate director is entitled (in addition to his or her own vote if he or she is a Director) to 1 vote on behalf of each Director whom he or she represents as an alternate director at the meeting and who is not present at the meeting.

107. TELECOMMUNICATION MEETING OF DIRECTORS

107.1. For the purpose of this Constitution the contemporaneous linking together in oral communication by telephone, audio-visual or other virtually instantaneous means ( telecommunication meeting ) of a number of the Directors not less than a quorum is deemed to constitute a meeting of the Directors. All the provisions of this Constitution relating to a meeting of the Directors apply to a telecommunication meeting in so far as they are not inconsistent with the provisions of this rule 107.
107.2. The following provisions apply to a telecommunication meeting:
107.2.1. all the Directors for the time being entitled to receive notice of a meeting of the Directors (including any alternate director) are entitled to notice of a telecommunication meeting;
107.2.2. all the Directors participating in the meeting must be linked by telephone, audio-visual or other virtually instantaneous means for the purpose of the meeting;
107.2.3. notice of the meeting may be given on the telephone or other electronic means;
107.2.4. each of the Directors taking part in the meeting must be able to hear and be heard by each of the other Directors taking part at the commencement of the meeting and each Director so taking part is deemed for the purposes of this Constitution to be present at the meeting; and
107.2.5. at the commencement of the meeting each Director must announce his or her presence to all the other Directors taking part in the meeting.
107.3. If the Secretary is not present at a telecommunication meeting then 1 of the Directors present must take minutes of the meeting.
107.4. Before a Director intentionally leaves a telecommunication meeting by disconnecting his or her means of communication with the other Directors that Director must advise the chairperson of the meeting of his or her intention to leave.
107.5. A Director is conclusively presumed to have been present and to have formed part of a quorum at all times during a telecommunication meeting unless the chairperson has become aware that the Director has left the meeting.
107.6. A resolution passed by the telecommunication meeting is deemed to have been passed at a meeting of the Directors as if they were conferring in the 1

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location in the physical presence of each other on the day on which and at the time at which the telecommunication or the last telecommunication, as the case may be, was held.

107.7. A minute of the proceedings of a telecommunication meeting is sufficient evidence of the proceedings and of the observance of all necessary formalities if the minute is certified to be a correct minute by the chairperson of the meeting.

108. CIRCULATED RESOLUTIONS

108.1. If all the Directors at that time present in Australia and any Director absent from Australia who has left a facsimile number at which he or she may be given notice have signed a document containing a statement that they are in favour of a resolution of the Directors in terms set out in the document, a resolution in those terms is deemed to have been passed at a meeting of the Directors held on the day on which the document was signed and at the time at which the document was last signed by a Director or, if the Directors signed the document on different days, on the day on which, and at the time at which, the document was last signed by a Director.
108.2. For the purposes of rule 108.1,2 or more separate documents containing statements in identical terms each of which is signed by 1 or more Directors are deemed together to constitute 1 document containing a statement in those terms signed by those Directors on the respective days on which they signed the separate documents.
108.3. A reference in rule 108.1 to all the Directors does not include a reference to a Director who, at a meeting of Directors, would not be entitled to vote on the resolution.
108.4. Every resolution passed under rule 108.1 must as soon as practicable be entered in the minutes of the Directors' meetings.
108.5. A facsimile, cable, telegram, email or similar means of communication addressed to or received by the Company and purporting to be signed by a Director for the purpose of this Constitution is deemed to be a document in writing signed by that Director.

109. RESTRICTIONS ON VOTING

109.1. No Director is entitled to be present in person or by an alternate director or to vote at a meeting of Directors or to be reckoned in a quorum if and so long as he or she has failed to pay any call to the Company on shares held by him or her after the date upon which the payment should have been made.

110. COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS

110.1. The Directors may delegate any of their powers to committees consisting of those Directors they think fit and may revoke the delegation.
110.2. Any committee formed under rule 110.1 must in the exercise of the powers so delegated conform to any regulations that may from time to time be imposed upon it by the Directors.
110.3. Otherwise the meetings and proceedings of any committee consisting of 2 or more Members are governed by the provisions in this Constitution regulating the meetings and proceedings of the Directors.

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110.4. The Directors may establish any local boards or agencies for managing any of the affairs of the Company in any specified locality and may appoint any persons to be Members of the local board or any managers or agents and may fix their remuneration.

111. VALIDATION OF ACTS OF DIRECTORS

111.1. All acts done at any meeting of Directors or of a committee of Directors or by any person acting as a Director or by any person purporting to act as an attorney under power of the Company are, although it is afterwards discovered that there was some defect in the appointment or continuance in office of the Director or person or attorney concerned or that any of them were disqualified or were not entitled to vote, as valid as if each of them had been duly appointed and had duly continued in office and was qualified to be a Director and was entitled to vote.

DIRECTORS’ INTERESTS

112. PROHIBITION ON BEING PRESENT OR VOTING

112.1. Except to the extent permitted by the Corporations Act a Director who has a material personal interest in a matter that is being considered at a meeting of the Directors must not:
112.1.1. be counted in a quorum;
112.1.2. vote on the matter; or
112.1.3. be present while the matter is being considered at the meeting.
112.2. If a Director who has a material personal interest in a matter that is being considered at a meeting of the Directors is not prohibited by the Corporations Act from being present at the meeting and voting, the Director may be present and vote, and is counted in a quorum, despite his or her interest.
112.3. Rules 112, 113, 114 and 115 operate in addition to the Listing Rules.

113. EXISTENCE OF INTEREST

113.1. A Director may to the extent permitted by the Corporations Act:
113.1.1. hold any other office or place of profit under the Company (other than the office of auditor) in conjunction with the office of Director;
113.1.2. enter into contracts or arrangements or have dealings with the Company either as vendor purchaser mortgagee or otherwise;
113.1.3. enter into any contract with the Company giving the Director an option to take up shares in the Company; or
113.1.4. be interested in any contract, operation, undertaking or business entered into undertaken or assisted by the Company or in which the Company is or may be interested.
113.2. The Director is not because of entering into any relationship or transaction referred to in rule 113.1:
113.2.1. disqualified from the office of Director; or

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113.2.2. liable to account to the Company for any profit arising from the relationship or transaction by reason of being a Director or of the fiduciary relationship between the Director and the Company.
113.3. For the purposes of rules 113.1 and 113.2 Company includes any subsidiary of the Company and any other company in which the Company or any subsidiary of the Company is or becomes a Shareholder or is otherwise interested.

114. DISCLOSURE OF INTEREST

114.1. To the extent, if any, required by the Corporations Act, the nature of the Director’s as referenced to in rule 113.1 must be disclosed by the Director before or at the meeting of Directors at which the question of entering into the contract or arrangement is first taken into consideration if the interest then exists or in any other case at the first meeting of the Directors after the Director becomes so interested.

115. FINANCIAL BENEFIT

115.1. To the extent, if any, required by the Corporations Act, a Director must ensure that the requirements of the Corporations Act are complied with in relation to any financial benefit given by the Company to the Director or to any other related party of the Director by any act or transaction referred to in rule 113.1.
115.2. It is expressly declared that the Company must not make loans to Directors or provide guarantees or security for obligations undertaken by Directors except as may be permitted by the Corporations Act.

116. OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS AND SHAREHOLDINGS

116.1. A Director of the Company may be or become a Director, officer, employee or Member of any company promoted by the Company or in which it may be interested as a vendor, Shareholder or otherwise and is not accountable for any reasonable benefits received as a Director, officer, employee or Member of the other company.
116.2. Subject to the Corporations Act:
116.2.1. the Directors of the Company may exercise the voting power conferred by the shares or other interest held by the Company in another company in favour of a resolution appointing themselves or any of them as Directors or other officers of the other company;
116.2.2. any Director of the Company may vote at a meeting of Directors of the Company in favour of a resolution that the Company exercises its voting power conferred by the shares or other interest held by the Company in the other company to appoint that Director as a Director or other officer of the other company;
116.2.3. any Director of the Company may be appointed as representative of the Company and may vote at a general meeting of the other company in favour of a resolution appointing that Director as a Director or other officer of the other company; and
116.2.4. a Director of the Company who is also a Director of the other company may vote as a Director of the other company in whatever manner he or she thinks fit, including voting in favour of a resolution

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appointing the Director to any other office in the other company and a resolution appointing any other Directors of the Company as Directors or other officers of the other company.

117. NOTIFICATION TO ASX OF MATERIAL CONTRACTS

117.1. Despite rules 112, 113, 114, 115 and 116, while the Company is admitted to the Official List, where required by the Listing Rules the Company must advise ASX without delay of any material contract involving Directors' interests, including the names of the parties to the contract, the name of the Director (if not a party to the contract) interested in the contract, the particulars of the contract and the Director's interests in the contract.

INADVERTENT OMISSIONS

118. FORMALITIES OMITTED

118.1. If some formality required by this Constitution is inadvertently omitted or is not carried out the omission does not invalidate any resolution, act, matter or thing which but for the omission would have been valid unless it is proved to the satisfaction of the Directors that the omission has directly prejudiced any Member financially. The decision of the Directors is final and binding on all Members.

SECRETARY

119. TERMS OF OFFICE OF SECRETARY

119.1. The Directors must, in accordance with the Corporations Act, appoint 1 or more secretaries.
119.2. A Secretary appointed by the Directors holds office for such term, at such remuneration and on such terms and conditions as the Directors determine.
119.3. The Directors may appoint a person as an acting secretary or as a temporary substitute for a Secretary.

MINUTES

120. MINUTES TO BE KEPT

120.1. The Directors must cause minutes to be duly entered in books provided for the purpose. The minutes must record:
120.1.1. the names of the Directors present as each meeting of the Directors and at any committee formed by the Directors;
120.1.2. all orders resolutions and proceedings of general meetings and of meetings of the Directors and of committees formed by the Directors; and
120.1.3. all matters required by the Corporations Act to be recorded in the books, including disclosure of proxy votes, and all declarations made or notices given by any Director (either generally or specially) of his or her interest in any contract or proposed contract or of his or her

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holding of any office or property by which any conflict of duty or interest may arise.

120.2. Any minutes, if purporting to be signed by any person purporting to be the chairperson of the meeting or to be the chairperson of the next succeeding meeting, may be received in evidence without any further proof as sufficient evidence that the matters and things recorded by the minutes actually took place or happened as recorded and of their regularity in all respects and that they took place at a meeting duly convened and held.

121. COMPANY SEAL

121.1. The Company may use a seal and the following provisions will apply to any Seal.
121.2. The Directors must provide for the safe custody of the Seal.
121.3. The Seal may not be affixed to any document except by the authority of the Directors or of a committee of the Directors authorised by the Directors to authorise the use of the Seal.
121.4. Every document to which the Seal is affixed must be signed by at least 1 Director and countersigned by another Director, a Secretary or another person appointed by the Directors to countersign that document or a class of documents in which that document is included.

122. AFFIXING OF SEAL BY INTERESTED DIRECTOR

122.1. A Director may sign or countersign as Director any instrument to which the Seal is affixed although the instrument relates to a contract, arrangement, dealing or other transaction in which he or she is interested and his or her signature is effective in regard to compliance with the requirements of this Constitution as to the affixing of the Seal despite his or her interest.

123. AFFIXING OF SEAL TO SHARE CERTIFICATES

123.1. The signature of any Director, Secretary or other person as referred to in the preceding rules may be affixed by some mechanical or other means to certificates but if the signatures are affixed by mechanical or other means the certificate must bear evidence of examination by the auditor, or other person appointed for that purpose by the Company.

124. MEANING OF CERTIFICATE

124.1. For the purposes of rule 123 certificate means a certificate in respect of shares, debentures, registered unsecured notes, convertible notes, certificates of debenture or any certificate or other document evidencing any options or rights to take up shares or other interests in the Company.

125. EXECUTION OF DOCUMENTS (INCLUDING DEEDS)

125.1. The Company may execute any document, deed or other instrument of whatever nature or description in any manner recognised by the Corporations Act.
125.2. The Directors may resolve, generally or in a particular case, that any signature on certificates for securities of the Company may be affixed by mechanical or other means.

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125.3. Negotiable instruments may be signed, drawn, accepted, endorsed or otherwise executed by or on behalf of the Company in the manner and by the persons as the Directors resolve.

INSPECTION OF RECORDS

126. RIGHTS OF INSPECTION

126.1. The Directors determine whether and to what extent, and at what times and places and under what conditions, the accounting records and other documents of the Company or any of them are open to the inspection of Members other than Directors, and a Member other than a Director does not have the right to inspect any document of the Company except as provided by law or authorised by the Directors or by the Company in general meeting.

127. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION

127.1. Except as provided by the Corporations Act, no Member (not being a Director) is entitled to require or receive any information concerning the business, trading or customers of the Company or any trade secret, secret process or other confidential information of or used by the Company.

DIVIDENDS AND RESERVES

128. DECLARATION OF DIVIDENDS BY DIRECTORS

128.1. The Directors may from time to time declare and pay to the Members such dividends as appear to the Directors to be justified by the profits of the Company.
128.2. The Directors may determine that a dividend is payable without a general meeting of the Company and may fix the:

128.2.1. amount of payment;

128.2.2. time for payment; and

128.2.3. method of payment.

129. DECLARATION OF DIVIDENDS BY GENERAL MEETING

129.1. The Company in general meeting may declare a dividend to be paid to the Members according to their rights and interests in the profits and, subject to the Listing Rules, may fix the time for payment.
129.2. No larger dividend may be declared than is recommended by the Directors but the Company in general meeting may declare a smaller dividend.

130. SOURCE OF DIVIDENDS

130.1. No dividend may be paid otherwise than out of profits or as otherwise permitted by the Corporations Act.

131. POWER TO EMPLOY RESERVES

131.1. The Directors may, before declaring any dividend, set aside out of the profits of the Company those sums they think proper as reserves, to be applied, at the discretion of the Directors, for any purpose to which the profits of the Company may be properly applied.

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131.2. Pending any such application of reserves, the reserves may, at the discretion of the Directors, be used in the business of the Company or be invested as the Directors think fit.
131.3. The Directors may carry forward so much of the profits remaining as they consider ought not to be distributed as dividends without transferring those profits to a reserve.

132. DISTRIBUTION OF DIVIDENDS

132.1. Subject to the rights of persons (if any) entitled to shares with special rights as to dividend and this rule 132.1, all dividends are apportioned and paid proportionately to the amounts paid or credited as paid on the shares.
132.2. If a share is issued on terms that it will rank for dividend as from a particular date, that share ranks for dividend only from that date.
132.3. Any amount paid up or credited as paid on a share during the period for which a dividend is declared only entitles the Holder of the share to an apportioned amount of the dividend as from the date of payment.
132.4. In this rule 132 amounts paid in advance of the relevant due date are not to be taken (for the purpose of this rule 132) to be paid or credited as paid on the share until the due date for payment and are to be ignored when calculating the proportion.

133. INTEREST

133.1. Dividends do not bear interest against the Company.

134. DEDUCTIONS FROM DIVIDENDS

134.1. The Directors may deduct and retain from any dividend payment to a Member all sums of money (if any) presently payable by the Member to the Company on account of calls in relation to shares in the Company and may apply the amount deducted in or towards satisfaction of the debts or liabilities in respect of the calls.

135. UNCLAIMED DIVIDENDS

135.1. All dividends unclaimed for 1 year after having been declared may be invested or otherwise made use of by the Directors for the benefit of the Company until claimed or until the money becomes payable to some official under any law relating to unclaimed money.

136. ENTITLEMENT TO DIVIDENDS

136.1. Subject to this Constitution, all dividends and interest belong and must be paid (subject to any lien of the Company) to those Members whose names are on the Register at the date at which the books are closed for the purpose of the payment of such dividend or interest, or at such other date as the Directors determine.

137. PAYMENT OF DIVIDENDS ON TRANSMISSION

137.1. The Directors may retain the dividends payable on any share in respect of which any person is under rule 37 entitled to become registered as Holder until registration has been effected.

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138. PAYMENT OF DIVIDENDS BY ASSET DISTRIBUTION

138.1. The Directors, or any general meeting on the recommendation of the Directors, may, when declaring a dividend direct payment of the dividend wholly or partly by the distribution of specific assets, and in particular of paidup shares, debentures or debenture stock of any other company or in any I or more of those ways.
138.2. Where a difficulty arises in regard to a distribution referred to in rule 138.1, the Directors may settle the matter as they think expedient and fix the value for distribution of the specific assets or any part of those assets and may determine that cash payments will be made to any Members on the basis of the value so fixed in order to adjust the rights of all parties, and may vest any of those specific assets in trustees as the Directors consider expedient.

139. ADMINISTRATION OF DIVIDEND PAYMENTS

139.1. Any dividend, interest or other money payable in cash in respect of shares may be paid:
139.1.1. directly into an account, with a bank: or some other financial institution, that the Holder or joint holders in writing directs or direct; or
139.1.2. by cheque sent through the post directed to:
- 139.1.2.1. the address of the Holder as shown in the Register, or in the case of joint holders, the address shown in the Register as the address of the joint holder first named in the Register; or
- 139.1.2.2. to any other address that the Holder or joint holders in writing directs or direct.
139.2. The cheque must be made payable to the person to whom it is sent and may be made payable to bearer.
139.3. Any 1 of 2 or more joint holders may give effectual receipts for any dividends, interest or other money payable in respect of the shares held by them as joint holders.

140. POWER TO MAKE CONCURRENT CALL

140.1. The Directors, when declaring a dividend, may make a call on the Members of such amount as they may fix but so that the call on each Member does not exceed the dividend payable to the Member and so that the call is made payable at the same time as the dividend and the dividend may, if so arranged between the Company and the Member, be set off against the call.

CAPITALISATION OF PROFITS

141. POWER TO CAPITALISE PROFITS AND RESERVES

141.1. The Directors may resolve that it is desirable to capitalise any sum, being the whole or a part of the amount for the time being standing to the credit of any reserve account or the profit and loss account or otherwise available for distribution to Members, and may resolve to apply the sum, in any of the ways mentioned in rule 142, for the benefit of Members in the proportions to which

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those Members would have been entitled in a distribution of that sum by way of dividend and that distribution or payment must be accepted by the Members in full satisfaction of their interests in the capitalised sum.

142. METHODS OF CAPITALISATION

142.1. Subject to the Corporations Act, the ways in which a sum may be applied for the benefit of Members under rule 141 are:
142.1.1. in paying up any amounts unpaid on shares held by Members;
142.1.2. in issuing shares or debentures to be issued to Members as fully paid;
142.1.3. partly as mentioned in rule 142.1.1 and partly as mentioned in rule 142.1.2; or
142.1.4. in any other way permitted by the Corporations Act or this Constitution.

143. DIRECTORS’ POWERS UPON CAPITALISATION

143.1. The Directors must do all things necessary to give effect to the resolution referred to in rule 141 and, in particular, to the extent necessary to adjust the rights of the Members among themselves, may:
143.1.1. issue fractional certificates or make cash payments in cases where shares, debentures or unsecured notes become issuable in fractions;
143.1.2. fix the value for distribution of any specific assets or any part of them;
143.1.3. determine that cash payments be made to any Members upon the footing of the value so fixed or that fractions may be disregarded in order to adjust rights of all parties;
143.1.4. vest any cash or specific assets in trustees upon trust for the persons entitled to the dividend or capitalised fund; and
143.1.5. authorise any person to make, on behalf of the Members concerned, an agreement with the Company providing:
- 143.1.5.1. in the case of Members entitled to any further shares or debentures upon the capitalisation, for the issue to them, credited as fully paid up, of the further shares or debentures; and
- 143.1.5.2. in the case of Members entitled to have the amounts or any part of the amounts remaining unpaid on their existing shares paid up by the Company upon the capitalisation, for the payment up by the Company on their behalf of those amounts remaining unpaid on their existing shares;

by the application of their respective proportions of the sum resolved to be capitalised.

143.2. Any agreement made under an authority referred to in rule 143.1 is effective and binding on all the Members concerned.

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DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT, BONUS SHARE AND EMPLOYEE INCENTIVE PLANS

143.3. A general meeting of the Company or the Directors may:
143.3.1. establish 1 or more plans (Plan) under which some or all Members may from time to time elect in terms of 1 or more of the following for a period or periods as provided in the Plan:
- 143.3.1.1. that dividends to be paid in respect of some or all of the shares. from time to time held by the Members may be satisfied by the issue of fully paid ordinary shares;
- 143.3.1.2. that dividends are not to be declared or paid in respect of some or all of the shares from time to time held by the Member, but that the Member is to receive an issue of fully paid ordinary shares; or
- 143.3.1.3. that shares be offered or issued to some or all employees of the Company whether or not for consideration; and
143.3.2. vary, suspend or terminate the Plan.
143.4. Any Plan has effect in accordance with its terms and the Directors must do all things necessary and convenient for the purpose of implementing the Plan, including the making of each necessary allotment of shares and of each necessary appropriation, capitalisation, application, payment and distribution of funds which lawfully may be appropriated, capitalised, applied, paid or distributed for the purpose of the allotment.
143.5. For the purpose of giving effect to any Plan, the Directors may make an appropriation, capitalisation, application, payment or distribution and the powers of the Directors may be exercised (and with adjustments as may be required) even if only some of the Members or holders of shares of any class participate in the appropriation, capitalisation, application, payment or distribution.
143.6. In offering opportunities to Members or employees to participate in any Plan, the Directors may give any information that in their opinion may be useful to assist Members or employees in assessing the opportunity and making requests to their best advantage. The Directors, the Company and its officers are not responsible for, nor are they obliged to provide, any legal, taxation or financial advice in respect of the choices available to Members or employees.
143.7. The Directors are under no obligation:
143.7.1. to admit any Member or employee as a participant in any Plan; or
143.7.2. to comply with any request made by a Member or employee who is not admitted as a participant in any Plan.
143.8. In establishing and maintaining any Plan, the Directors must act in accordance with this Constitution and may exercise all or any of the powers conferred on them by the terms of any such Plan, by this Constitution or by the Corporations Act.

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NOTICES

144. SERVICES OF NOTICES

144.1. Subject to this Constitution a notice (in this rule a reference to a notice includes all types of reports, documents and other instruments of whatever description) may be sent, given, delivered or served by the Company to or on any Member either:
144.1.1. personally;
144.1.2. by ordinary post;
144.1.3. by sending it to the fax number or electronic address either shown in the Register or nominated by the Member to the Company for the giving of notices, and is at the risk of the addressee as soon as it is given or posted; or
144.1.4. such other method as is permitted by these rules including rule 153.

145. METHOD OF SERVICE

145.1. If a notice is sent by post, service of the notice is deemed to be effected by properly addressing, prepaying and posting a letter containing the notice, and to be effected on the next day after the date of its posting and in proving delivery or service it is sufficient to prove that the envelope or wrapper containing the document was properly addressed and stamped and was posted.
145.2. If a notice is sent by facsimile transmission, service of the notice is deemed to be effected by properly addressing the facsimile transmission and transmitting it to the number supplied to the Company for that purpose and further is deemed to be effected on the next day after the date of its transmission unless:
145.2.1. the Company’s facsimile machine fails to issue a transmission report which shows that the relevant number of pages comprised in the notice has been sent; or
145.2.2. the addressee notifies the Company immediately that the notice was not fully received in a legible form.
145.3. A notice sent by electronic transmission is deemed to be served on the day following in transmission.
145.4. A certificate signed by any Director, manager, Secretary or other officer of the Company that a document or its envelope or wrapper was properly addressed and stamped and was posted is conclusive evidence of those facts.

146. NOTICE TO JOINT SHAREHOLDERS

146.1. A notice may be given by the Company to the joint holders of a share by giving the notice to the joint holder first named in the Register in respect of the share.

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147. NOTICE UPON TRANSMISSION

147.1. It is not necessary to give notice of meetings to any person entitled to a share by transmission unless such person has been duly registered as a Member of the Company.

148. CONSTRUCTIVE NOTICE

148.1. Every person who by operation of law, transfer or any other means becomes entitled to any share is bound by every notice in respect of the share which, before his or her name and address is entered on the Register, has been duly given to the person from whom he or she derives title or to any previous Holder of the share.
148.2. A document delivered to or served on a Member is, notwithstanding the death or bankruptcy of the Member and whether or not the Company has notice of it, to be deemed duly delivered or served in respect of all Shares whether held solely or jointly with other persons by the Member until another person is registered in the Member's place and to be sufficient delivery or service of the document to and on the Member's legal personal representative, trustee or assignee and if the Member is a joint holder the other joint holders.

149. PERIOD NOTICE

149.1. Subject to the Applicable Law and this Constitution, where a specified number of days' notice or notice extending over any period is required to be given the day of service is not, but the day upon which the notice will expire is, included in the number of days or other period.

150. ACCIDENTAL OMISSION

150.1. The accidental omission to give any notice of a meeting to any Member or the non-receipt by any Member of any notice does not invalidate the proceedings at any meeting.
150.2. If this Constitution requires or permits a notice, or proxy, Attorney or nomination form to be given by the Company, the Directors, a Director or the Secretary, neither accidental omission to give the notice nor non-receipt of the notice or form by any person entitled to receive it invalidates the Call, meeting, resolution, procedure, action or matter to which the notice or form relates.

151. SERVICE UPON COMPANY AND MEMBERS

151.1. Every summons, notice, order or other document required to be served upon the Company or upon any officer of the Company may be served by leaving it at the Office.
151.2. All summonses, notices, processes, orders and judgments in relation to any proceedings by the Company or its liquidators against any Member may be served by security post and the provisions set out above as to notices apply with the necessary changes and service in this manner is considered for all purposes to be personal service.

152. FORM OF SIGNATURE

152.1. The signature to any notice to be given by the Company may be written or printed or stamped.

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153. ELECTRONIC NOTICES, REPORTS AND OTHER COMMUNICATIONS

153.1. To the fullest extent that the law permits, the Company may send, despatch or give to or serve on Members all notices, reports and other communications on the Member (including those which the Applicable Law or these rules require or permit the Company to serve, despatch, send or give Members) by either or both:
153.1.1. delivering the same (whether by hand, facsimile, letter, courier, email or otherwise) to the ASX for publication by ASX's Companies Announcement Office;
153.1.2. posting the same to its website such that the report is available online to Members;

and such notice, report or other communication shall be deemed received by and served on each Member as from the day following the publication of the notice by the Companies Announcement Office in the public domain and shall be in lieu of other methods prescribed or permitted by law or otherwise for serving, despatching, sending or giving notices, reports and other communications.

153.2. Each Member shall at all times nominate an address at which the Company may electronically send notices to or serve notices on the Member.
153.3. The Directors, may from time to time, publish (including electronically on its website or via the facilities of ASX) supplemental rules (including rules setting out procedures and other ancillary matters) to these rules (which shall be deemed incorporated herein from the date of publication) specifying the manner in which, form in which, and method by which, notices may be electronically provided to Members. Such rules will be binding on Members. The objective of such rules must be to reduce the cost to the Company of sending or serving notices to Members or to clarify any ambiguity in the preceding provisions of these rules dealing with the Company sending or serving notices to or on Members electronically.

INDEMNITY AND INSURANCE

154. INDEMNITY

154.1. To the extent permitted by the Corporations Act, the Company indemnifies:
154.1.1. every person who is or has been an officer of the Company; and
154.1.2. where the Directors consider it appropriate to do so, any person who is or has been an officer of a related body corporate of the Company;

against any liability incurred by that person in his or her capacity as an officer of the Company or of the related body corporate (as the case may be):

154.1.3. to any other person (other than the Company or a related body corporate) unless the liability arises out of conduct involving a lack of good faith; and
154.1.4. for costs and expenses:

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154.1.4.1. in defending proceedings, whether civil or criminal, in which judgment is given in favour of the person or in which the person is acquitted; and
154.1.4.2. in connection with an application in relation to those proceedings, in which the Court grants relief to the person under the Corporations Act.

155. INSURANCE

155.1. The Company may, where the Directors consider it appropriate to do so, payor agree to pay a premium in respect of a contract insuring a person who is or has been an officer of the Company against any of the following liabilities incurred by the person as such an officer, namely:
155.1.1. any liability which does not arise out of conduct involving:
- 155.1.1.1. a wilful breach of duty in relation to the Company; or
- 155.1.1.2. without limiting rule 155.1.1.1, a contravention of section 182 or 183 of the Corporations Act; and
155.1.2. any liability for costs and expenses incurred by the person in defending proceedings, whether civil or criminal, whatever their outcome, and without the qualifications set out in rule 155.1.
155.2. In the case of a Director, any premium paid pursuant to this rule 155.2 is paid in addition to remuneration paid to that Director by the Company pursuant to these rules.

156. DIRECTOR VOTING ON CONTRACT OF INSURANCE

156.1. Despite anything in this Constitution, a Director is not precluded from voting in respect of any contract or proposed contract of insurance, merely because the contract insures or would insure the Director against a liability incurred by the Director as an officer of the Company or of a related body corporate.

157. LIABILITY

157.1. No officer of the Company is liable for the act, neglect or default of any other officer or for joining in any act or conformity or for any other loss, expense or damage whatever which arises in the execution of the duties of his or her office unless the same arises through his or her own negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust.

158. MEANING OF OFFICER

158.1. For the purposes of rules 154, 155, 156 and 157, officer means a Director, Secretary or executive officer.

WINDING UP

159. SHAREHOLDERS’ RIGHTS ON DISTRIBUTION OF ASSETS

159.1. If the Company is wound up, the liquidator may, with the sanction of a special resolution of the Company, divide among the Members in kind the whole or any part of the property of the Company and may for that purpose set the value the liquidator considers fair upon any property to be so divided and

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may, subject to the Applicable Law, determine how the division is to be carried out as between the Members or different classes of Members.

159.2. The liquidator may, with the sanction of a special resolution, vest the whole or any part of the property referred to in rule 159.1 in trustees upon such trusts for the benefit of the contributories as the liquidator, with the like sanction, thinks fit, but so that no Member is compelled to accept any shares or other securities on which there is any liability.
159.3. If the Company ceases to carry on business within 12 months after its incorporation, shares issued for cash rank in the distribution, to the extent of the capital contributed by subscribing Shareholders, in priority to shares issued to vendors or promoters or both for consideration other than cash.
159.4. If at the commencement of a winding up the Company has Vendor Securities on issue which are subject to the escrow restrictions of the Listing Rules, then on a distribution of assets of the Company to members the share capital constituting those Vendor Securities shall rank behind all other share capital for repayment of the nominal amount thereof.

160. REMUNERATION OF LIQUIDATOR

160.1. The Company in general meeting must not fix the remuneration to be paid to a liquidator pursuant to the Corporations Act unless at least 14 days' notice of the meeting has been given to the Members and the notice has specified the amount of the proposed remuneration of the liquidator.

OBLIGATIONS IN RELATION TO CHESS

161. COMPLYING WITH ASX SETTLEMENT OPERATING RULES

161.1. The Company must comply with the ASX Settlement Operating Rules if any of its securities are CHESS Approved Securities.
161.2. If the Company has Restricted Securities on issue, it may operate a Certificated Subregister subject to the Applicable Law.

LISTING RULES

162. RESTRICTED SECURITIES

162.1. Despite any other provision in this Constitution, while the Company is admitted to the Official List, the Company must recognise and comply with the Listing Rules or ASX with respect to Restricted Securities.
162.2. Without limiting the obligation to comply with the Listing Rules:
162.2.1. a holder of Restricted Securities must not Dispose of, or agree to Dispose of, the Restricted Securities during the escrow period applicable to those Restricted Securities except as permitted by the Listing Rules or ASX;
162.2.2. if the Restricted Securities are in the same class as quoted securities, the holder will be taken to have agreed in writing that the Restricted Securities are to be kept on the Company’s issuer sponsored sub-register and are to have a holding lock applied for the duration of the escrow period applicable to those securities;

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162.2.3. the Company will refuse to acknowledge any Disposal (including, without limitation, to register any transfer) of Restricted Securities during the escrow period except as permitted by the Listing Rules or ASX;
162.2.4. a holder of Restricted Securities will not be entitled to participate in any return of capital on those Restricted Securities during the escrow period applicable to those Restricted Securities except as permitted by the Listing Rules or ASX; and
162.2.5. if a holder of Restricted Securities breaches a restriction agreement in relation to those Restricted Securities or a rule of this Constitution restricting a Disposal of those Restricted Securities, the holder will not be entitled to any dividend or distribution, or to exercise any voting rights, in respect of those Restricted Securities for so long as the breach continues.

163. PARAMOUNT EFFECT OF LISTING RULES

163.1. If the Company is admitted to the Official List, the following provisions apply:
163.1.1. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Constitution, if the Listing Rules prohibit an act being done, the act must not be done.
163.1.2. Nothing contained in this Constitution prevents an act being done that the Listing Rules require to be done.
163.1.3. If the Listing Rules require an act to be done or not to be done, authority is given for that act to be done or not to be done (as the case may be).
163.1.4. If the Listing Rules require this Constitution to contain a provision and it does not contain such a provision, this Constitution is deemed to contain that provision.
163.1.5. If the Listing Rules require this Constitution not to contain a provision and it contains such a provision, this Constitution is deemed not to contain that provision.
163.1.6. If any provision of this Constitution is or becomes inconsistent with the Listing Rules, this Constitution is deemed not to contain that provision to the extent of the inconsistency.

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ORANGE MINERALS NL — Governance Information 2021

65499_rns_2021-12-05_99757ff8-e460-4c69-ad79-833d2a0f5511.pdf

Corporations Act

Public No Liability Company