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Nyrstar NV

AGM Information Nov 5, 2019

3983_rns_2019-11-05_8dbda7f5-ede4-4747-9be8-238fa0e21407.pdf

AGM Information

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LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY ("NAAMLOZE VENNOOTSCHAP") Registered Office: Zinkstraat 1, 2490 Balen, Belgium Company Number VAT BE 0888.728.945 RPR/RPM Antwerp, division Turnhout

MINUTES OF THE ORDINARY ANNUAL GENERAL SHAREHOLDERS' MEETING HELD ON 30 JUNE 2020

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

On 30 June 2020, the general shareholders' meeting of Nyrstar NV (the "Company") is held at BluePoint, Filip Williotstraat 9, 2600 Antwerp, Belgium.

In accordance with the Royal Decree No. 4 of 9 April 2020 containing various provisions on coownership and company and association law in the scope of the fight against the Covid-19 pandemic ("Royal Decree No. 4"), the board of directors of the Company ("Board of Directors"), as it is not possible under the current circumstances to guarantee that the general meeting could be physically organised in a way that excludes any risk of further spread of the Covid-19 virus, as envisaged by the measures (including those of, inter alia social distance) taken by the Belgian and other European authorities to fight the Covid-19 pandemic, decided to hold the annual general shareholders' meeting of 30 June 2020 in accordance with the Royal Decree No. 4, and in addition offering shareholders the possibility to follow the meeting via a live web-conference offered and organised via the online platform of Lumi, to ask questions digitally during the meeting via a chatbox function integrated in the online platform of Lumi and to vote electronically during the meeting on the agenda items of this meeting (as set out on the Company's website (www.nyrstar.be)).

The practical modalities for this were published on the Company's website (www.nyrstar.be) and made available to the shareholders who validly registered for the shareholders' meeting.

OPENING OF THE MEETING

The general shareholders' meeting is opened at 11:00 a.m. under the chairmanship of Mr. Martyn Konig, chairman of the Board of Directors (the "Chairman"), who participates in this meeting by videoconference. 39,376,705 shares in total or 35.84% of the outstanding and existing shares are present or represented at the meeting.

The Chairman notes that, in accordance with applicable laws, Dutch is the working language for the meeting. The Chairman invites the persons that are not able to express themselves in Dutch to express themselves in French or English. The Chairman further notes that interventions in one of these three languages will be translated simultaneously in the other two languages and shareholders can indicate their preference in this respect via the Lumi web application, if they wish to make use of these translations.

Due to technical problems, the meeting is suspended at the outset with the secretary of the meeting, Mr. Geert Verhoeven (the "Secretary") continuing the meeting in Dutch at 11h20 a.m. Due to technical problems with the language functions as integrated in the online platform of the meeting via which shareholders can participate in the meeting, the meeting is suspended at 11h30 a.m. As a result, the shareholders and their proxy holders were also informed in the online platform by a counsel of the Company in Dutch and in English with the following message: "To all participants: the technical problem apparently continues to occur – we are suspending the meeting and give an update at 12h00 noon (CEST). Our apologies."

At approximately 12h00 (noon), the secretary of the Board of Directors, Mr. Anthony Simms, sends an e-mail to all shareholders who participate in the meeting in person, by way of voting by mail or by proxy, that the meeting will be resumed at 12h15 p.m., giving shareholders the opportunity to attend the meeting in English or Dutch. The functionality whereby shareholders would also have the possibility to listen to a simultaneous translation in French is, due to technical problems, not available. This message was also simultaneously sent to the online platform, where shareholders could read it. At 12h04 p.m., a shareholder asked if the meeting could also be followed in French. After confirmation that this is not possible, the shareholder was informed that the simultaneous French translation of the meeting would be recorded and shared with the shareholder concerned, as well as with other shareholders who so wished, when available, after the meeting.

The meeting is resumed around 12h15 p.m. The Chairman apologises for the technical problems and repeats that the French translation of the meeting is available upon request to the secretary of the Board of Directors, Mr. Anthony Simms. The Chairman further notes that during the practice of this meeting, there was some delay in the holding of the meeting and its broadcast and that this will be taken into account during the course of the meeting.

The Chairman explains that the general meeting is held behind closed doors and in virtual format in accordance with Belgian company law and the Royal Decree No. 4. The Chairman then explains that all members of the Board of Directors are present and participate via live videoconference. Mr. Roman Matej, interim chief financial officer, and Mr. Anthony Simms, head of external affairs and secretary of the Board of Directors, are also present and participate via the live web conference. The Company's statutory auditor, Deloitte Bedrijfsrevisoren CVBA, represented by Ms. Ine Nuyts, is also present (the "Statutory Auditor"). Finally, it is noted that the Company has asked Bailiff Stuyck to establish these statements and facts, as well as the proceedings of this meeting.

The Chairman further states that the Board of Directors of the Company wishes to take this opportunity to answer all shareholders' questions and to provide them with sufficient information to fully understand the items on the agenda that need to be voted on at this meeting as well as at the first extraordinary general shareholders' meeting of the Company scheduled for the same day and which will be held after this annual general shareholders' meeting. The Chairman also notes that the Board of Directors has answered all written questions received prior to these meetings, the answers to which was made available online on the Company's website (www.nyrstar.be) earlier that day. All written questions and answers will also be read out later during the meeting.

The Chairman further explains that, as announced on Friday, 26 June 2020, the Enterprise Court in Antwerp has ruled that the Company must postpone the decision on the dissolution of the Company until three months after a final decision will have been rendered in the proceedings relating to the appointment of a panel of experts. Therefore, the second extraordinary general shareholders' meeting scheduled today with the resolutions on the proposal to dissolve the Company will be postponed in accordance with the ruling. The annual general shareholders' meeting and the first extraordinary general shareholders' meeting will proceed as planned.

Finally, as announced on Friday 26 June, the Company has been informed that the Statutory Auditor of the Company, Deloitte Bedrijfsrevisoren, is resigning as statutory auditor of the Company as of 1 July 2020. This resignation is given in light of a writ of summons that it has received together with the Company and its directors on 29 May 2020. Deloitte Bedrijfsrevisoren is present at the meetings today and will later explain its resignation to the shareholders' meeting and respond to any questions of the shareholders regarding its report of 12 February 2020 on the annual accounts 2019 within the framework set by Belgian law. In accordance with the legal framework applicable to it, the Company will now seek the appointment of a new statutory auditor and will convene a shareholders' meeting to propose the appointment of a new statutory auditor as soon as the new statutory auditor has been identified.

The Chairman then provides an overview of the practicalities of the meetings. Shareholders can follow the meetings via live video conferencing via the online platform. Shareholders can express themselves and ask questions via the chatbox integrated in the online platform. Questions will be collected by the Company and will be published in the online platform, to which the Board of Directors will respond via live video conferencing within the framework provided by Belgian company law. These questions will be read by the Secretary and then simultaneously translated by the translators present. Persons who choose not to express themselves in Dutch may express themselves in French or English. The Board of Directors will compile all questions and may suspend the meeting briefly to deliberate on the questions.

After the questions have been asked, shareholders who have not voted in advance by mail, are provided the possibility to vote electronically during the meetings. The Chairman refers to the instructions of Lumi which shareholders have received upon registration for the meetings and which set out how shareholders can vote (see Annex 2). Shareholders who have appointed a proxy holder for these meetings, were provided a guest log-in to attend the meeting virtually. They will however not be able to vote during the meetings but will be represented by their proxy holder, who can vote on their behalf.

At 12h26 p.m., a shareholder asks via the online platform to restart the meeting, claiming that at the beginning of the meeting he had neither sound nor image due to a technical problem. The Secretary therefore repeats in Dutch what the Chairman explained earlier.

At 12h33 p.m., a shareholder asks whether the possibility is offered to ask questions orally or only via the chatbox integrated in the online platform and whether questions are also answered live during the meeting or only after the end of each part. It is clarified that no oral interventions are possible. Questions can be asked via the chatbox. Once all questions have been asked, the Board of Directors will suspend the meeting and will then answer the questions live, directly on the web videoconference.

The Secretary then explains that, with respect to the presence of shareholders and other persons at the shareholders' meeting, the Company has taken into account the measures imposed by the Belgian and other European authorities in the light of the Covid-19 pandemic and has therefore decided to make use of the temporary more flexible measures with respect to the holding of shareholders' meetings as provided by Royal Decree No. 4. As all directors of the Company are located outside Belgium and could not be physically present in Belgium as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, they are not physically present today, as declared by the Company and as confirmed in the unanimous written resolutions of the Board of Directors of 29 June 2020. However, the directors of the Company will participate in the meeting by means of a live video conference, as explained by the Chairman.

COMPOSITION OF THE BUREAU

In accordance with the Company's articles of association, the Chairman of the meeting designates Mr. Geert Verhoeven, attorney of the Company at Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP, as secretary of the meeting.

As the voting will take place by means of a system of electronic voting, the meeting agrees that no tellers are appointed.

The Chairman of the meeting and the Secretary together constitute the bureau of the general shareholders' meeting.

DECLARATIONS BY THE CHAIRMAN

The Chairman makes the following declarations with respect to the convening and the composition of the meeting.

Agenda

The meeting was convened with the following agenda and proposed resolutions:

1. Reports on the statutory financial statements

Submission of, and discussion on, the annual report of the Board of Directors and the report of the Statutory Auditor on the statutory financial statements for the financial year ended on 31 December 2019.

2. Approval of the statutory financial statements

Approval of the statutory financial statements for the financial year ended on 31 December 2019, and of the proposed allocation of the result.

Proposed resolution: The general shareholders' meeting approves the statutory financial statements for the financial year ended on 31 December 2019, as well as the allocation of the result as proposed by the Board of Directors.

3. Discharge from liability of the Directors

Proposed resolution: The general shareholders' meeting grants discharge from liability to each of the directors who was in office during the previous financial year, for the performance of his or her mandate during that financial year.

4. Discharge from liability of the Statutory Auditor

Proposed resolution: The general shareholders' meeting grants discharge from liability to the Statutory Auditor which was in office during the previous financial year, for the performance of its mandate during that financial year.

5. Approval of the remuneration report

Submission of, discussion on and approval of the remuneration report prepared by the Nomination and Remuneration Committee, and included in the annual report of the Board of Directors for the financial year ended on 31 December 2019.

Proposed resolution: The general shareholders' meeting approves the remuneration report included in the annual report of the Board of Directors for the financial year ended on 31 December 2019.

6. Re-appointment of Ms. Anne Fahy

Taking into account the advice of the Nomination and Remuneration Committee, the Board of Directors recommends that Ms. Anne Fahy be re-appointed as Director of the Company for a term of 4 years or, if earlier, until the appointment of a liquidator pursuant to the dissolution of the Company as proposed to the second Extraordinary General Shareholders' Meeting to be held on 25 March 2020 and of which, if no attendance quorum is reached, a new one with the same agenda will be held again immediately following this general shareholders' meeting. For further information regarding Ms. Anne Fahy and her resume, reference is made to the corporate governance statement included in the annual report of the Board of Directors for the financial year ended on 31 December 2019.

Proposed resolution: Ms. Anne Fahy is re-appointed as independent non-executive Director within the meaning of Article 7:87 of the Belgian Code of Companies and Associations and Provisions 3.4 and 3.5 of the Belgian Corporate Governance Code of 9 May 2019, for a term up to and including the earlier of (i) the closing of the annual general shareholders' meeting to be held in 2024 which will have decided upon the financial statements for the financial year ended on 31 December 2023, or (ii) the appointment of a liquidator pursuant to the dissolution of the Company as proposed to the second Extraordinary General Shareholders' Meeting to be held on 25 March 2020 and of which, if no attendance quorum is reached, a new one with the same agenda will be held again immediately following this general shareholders' meeting. It appears from information available to the Company and from information provided by Ms. Anne Fahy that she satisfies the applicable requirements with respect to independence. Unless decided otherwise by the general shareholders' meeting, the mandate shall be remunerated as set out in relation to non-executive Directors in the remuneration report included in the annual report of the Board of Directors for the financial year ended on 31 December 2019, and pursuant to the principles as approved by the shareholders at the general shareholders' meeting held on 27 April 2011, as amended and supplemented from time to time.

Notices Convening the Meeting

The notice convening this general shareholders' meeting provided for in the Belgian Code of Companies and Associations, has been published in:

  • the Belgian Official Gazette on 29 May 2020;
  • De Standaard on 29 May 2020; and
  • the Company's website on 29 May 2020.

Copies of the publications are submitted to the bureau. These will be safeguarded in the files of the Company together with the minutes of this meeting.

Proof of the convening notice is being submitted to the bureau. The proof will be safeguarded in the Company's files together with the minutes of this meeting.

In addition, as from 29 May 2020, the following documentation has been made available to the public and the holders of shares issued by the Company on the Company's website (www.nyrstar.be):

  • the convening notice;
  • an overview with the total number of outstanding shares and voting rights;
  • an attendance form for holders of shares;
  • a proxy form to allow the holders of shares issued by the Company to attend the general meeting;
  • a form for voting by mail;
  • an explanatory note on the items and proposed resolutions on the agenda; and
  • the documents to be submitted to the general meeting as referred to in the agenda.

In accordance with Article 6, §6 of the Royal Decree No. 4, the Company has been exempted from any obligation to send the convening notice and the other documents that it must make available to its shareholders and other persons entitled to receive them by ordinary mail or to keep them at the Company's registered office.

The proofs will be safeguarded in the files of the Company together with the minutes of this meeting. The Company has not received any requests, in accordance with the Belgian Code of Companies and Associations, from shareholders who alone or together with other shareholders represent at least 3% of the share capital to put additional items on the agenda of this general shareholders' meeting and/or to table draft resolutions in relation to items that have been or were to be included in the agenda.

Attendance List

The registration date of the general shareholders' meeting was 16 June 2020 at midnight (12h00 a.m., Central European Summer Time). In accordance with the applicable legislation, only persons holding shares issued by the Company on the aforementioned registration date shall be entitled to participate and, as the case may be, vote at the general shareholders' meeting.

An attendance list has been prepared indicating (i) the identity of the shareholders that participate to the meeting, (ii) the domicile or registered office of such shareholders, (iii) if applicable, the identity of the proxy holders of such shareholders, and (iv) the number of shares with which such shareholders are participating in the voting. The attendance list also indicates the directors that are present at the meeting and whether or not the Statutory Auditor is present.

In addition, a register has been prepared in which for each shareholder having notified its intention to participate to the general meeting, the following information was included: (i) its name and address or registered office, (ii) the number of shares that it held on the registration date, and (iii) a description of the documents which indicate that it held these shares on the registration date.

A separate list has been prepared for the shareholders that have validly submitted their votes by mail in accordance with the Belgian Code of Companies and Associations and the articles of association of the Company, and as set out in the notice convening the general shareholders' meeting.

The attendance list, the register and the list of the shareholders that have voted by mail are submitted to the bureau. The attendance list, the register as well as the list of the shareholders voting by mail were annexed to the minutes of the first extraordinary general meeting that will be held immediately after this annual general meeting and a copy will be safeguarded in the files of the Company together with the minutes of this meeting.

As decided by the Board of Directors by way of unanimous written resolutions of 29 June 2020, after review of the attendance forms, voting forms and proxy forms, all holders of securities issued by the Company that are present or represented at the meeting, have complied with the formalities in order to be admitted to the general shareholders' meeting in accordance with the Company's articles of association and the Belgian Code of Companies and Associations and the Royal Decree No. 4 of 9 April 2020 and as set out in the convening notice. The Board of Directors reserves its rights in respect of the validity of certain powers of attorney in view of, inter alia, article 7:144 and 7:145 of the Belgian Code of Companies and Associations.

Unless one of the shareholders disagrees, the Board of Directors also proposes to admit shareholders who have submitted their attendance forms four days rather than six days before the meetings, in accordance with the deadline for submitting proxy forms and forms for voting by mail. At 12h40 p.m. the Secretary of the meeting asks whether any of the shareholders object to this. A lawyer of shareholders of the Company asks to clarify how many shareholders are concerned and how many shares they hold. The lawyer states that the shareholders need an answer to this question in order to determine whether this could constitute an objection. The Secretary states that the Company does not have an immediate view on this, but that submitting the attendance form four days instead of six days before the general meeting is in accordance with the Q&A published by Minister of Justice Koen Geens, who approved it as such. It is proposed that, if necessary, this can be put to a vote and that the requested information should in any case be requested from the Company as soon as possible so that it can be discussed at a later moment in the meeting.

At 12h47 p.m., a shareholder asks who is physically present at the general meeting, i.e. the list of names and capacities of all persons present, and the place where this is done (including non-shareholders). The shareholder states that the shareholders cannot answer the question regarding the approval of the persons present without knowing the names of the persons present. The Secretary requests the names of the persons who are physically present at the meeting and their capacity and lists the names of these physical persons who are present on behalf of Lumi, Company Webcast, Play, BlueMoon, law firm Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, law firm Quinz, notary firm Celis, Celis & Liesse and law firm Arcas Law as well as bailiff Stuyck and the translators. The Secretary pauses to give shareholders the opportunity to oppose the admission to the meeting of these third persons who are not shareholders of the Company. The shareholder in question states that there is no equality of arms now that mutual consultation can be held between the parties that are positioned against the interests of the minority shareholders, whereas the minority shareholders cannot. The shareholder further states: "Moreover, we find that it is apparently possible to be physically present with a large number of people. It is only the shareholders who are apparently not allowed to be present, although there are only a few of them, while the directors themselves prefer not to be present. What is the use of such a display? And was it justified to make such a large expense with the sole aim of excluding these few shareholders from their own general meeting?"

It is proposed by the Secretary that the lawyers present would leave the room, except for the Secretary, but that the technical staff of the meeting would remain present. The Secretary pauses to confirm that this is acceptable for the meeting. Attention is then drawn to the inequality of arms as shareholders who participate virtually in the meeting are also assisted by their attorneys, who have either announced their presence or are participating directly, so that the Company as well as the Statutory Auditor must also have this possibility. It is therefore found that the physical presence of these third parties, including lawyers, must be accepted at the meeting, as shareholders are also assisted.

The certificates which have been filed with respect to dematerialised shares, the letters submitted with respect to registered shares (as the case may be) and the proxies and votes by mail submitted by the holders of shares will be safeguarded in the files of the Company together with the minutes of this meeting.

Attendance

The Company's share capital amounts to EUR 114,134,760.97, and is represented by 109,873,001 shares, without nominal value, each representing the same fraction of the Company's share capital. Based on the aforementioned attendance list and the verification of the admission to the general shareholders' meeting to the online platform, as provided by Lumi, it appears that 39,376,705 shares in total or 35.84% of the outstanding and existing shares are present or represented at the meeting. This attendance has been established both before and after the above-mentioned suspension due to technical problems.

Voting Rights

In accordance with article 25/1 of the Law of 2 may 2007 on the disclosure of major holdings in issuers whose shares are admitted to trading on a regulated market, and the articles of associations of the Company, no person can participate to a general shareholders' meeting for more voting rights than attached to the shares with respect to which such person has filed with the Company a notification at least 20 days prior to the meeting. The relevant thresholds for a notice are 3%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and any further multiple of 5% of the outstanding voting rights. For all shareholders present or represented or voting by mail, it is established that they can participate with all the shares they have deposited.

Quorum and Voting

According to the Belgian Code of Companies and Associations, there is no quorum requirement for the deliberation and voting on the respective items referred to in the aforementioned agenda of the ordinary general shareholders' meeting.

Each of the proposed resolutions under the respective items included in the aforementioned agenda shall be passed if it is approved by a simple majority of the votes validly cast.

Each share is entitled to one vote.

Third Parties Admitted to the Meeting

The Chairman notes that the following directors of the Company remotely with live videconference participate to the meeting in addition to himself: Ms. Anne Fahy, Ms. Carole Cable and Ms. Jane Moriarty.

Mr. Roman Matej, Interim Chief Financial Officer of the Company and Mr. Anthony Simms, secretary of the Board of Directors, also participate remotely to the meeting.

The Statutory Auditor of the Company, Deloitte Bedrijfsrevisoren, represented by Ms. Ine Nuyts, is also present.

A number of other persons also attend the meeting, such as certain members of the staff of the Company and third parties engaged by the Company to provide services in connection with the virtual meeting such as employees of BlueMoon, Lumi, Play and Company Webcast and external advisors to the Company. The statutory auditor of the Company, Deloitte Bedrijfsrevisoren, is also accompanied by its lawyer. In addition, certain shareholders present have not complied with the admission formalities for this meeting set forth in the Belgian Code of Companies and Associations, for example by providing a proxy to a proxyholder. In accordance with Belgian company law, these persons cannot participate in the deliberation and voting at this meeting (as a shareholder cannot be represented by both itself and a proxyholder to this end), but the Company requests that these persons will be admitted.

Upon proposal by the Secretary, and referring to the previous discussions on this subject, these persons were admitted. The aforementioned persons are mentioned on the attendance list for persons who are not shareholders or who are shareholders who have not complied with the admission formalities.

VERIFICATION OF THE CONVENING AND COMPOSITION OF THE MEETING

The aforementioned statements by the Chairman are verified and approved by all members of the general shareholders' meeting. Subsequently, the general shareholders' meeting determines and confirms that it has been validly convened and is validly constituted.

DELIBERATION AND RESOLUTIONS

Upon proposal by the Chairman, the meeting begins with the deliberation on the items on the agenda.

Submission of Documentation

The Chairman summarises the items on the agenda of the meeting.

The Chairman of the meeting submits to the meeting the following documentation that has been mentioned in the first items of the agenda of the meeting:

  • the annual report of the Board of Directors on the statutory financial statements for the financial year ended on 31 December 2019
  • the report of the Statutory Auditor on the statutory financial statements for the financial year ended on 31 December 2019
  • the statutory financial statements of the Company for the financial year ended on 31 December 2019
  • the remuneration report

The Chairman notes that these documents have been made available to the directors, the Statutory Auditor and the holders of shares issued by the Company in accordance with the Company's articles of association and the Belgian Code of Companies and Associations and the Royal Decree No. 4. The Chairman also states that these documents have been made available to the holders of shares issued by the Company and the public via the Company's website (www.nyrstar.be). In accordance with Article 6, §6 of the Royal Decree No. 4, the Company has been exempted from any obligation to send the convening notice and the other documents that it must make available to its shareholders and other persons entitled to receive them by ordinary mail or to keep them at the Company's registered office.

The documents concerned will be safeguarded in the files of the Company together with the minutes of this meeting. The meeting takes note of the fact that these documents have been submitted. The meeting releases the Chairman from reading the documentation that have been submitted.

Questions

The meeting is then given the opportunity to ask questions relating to the items on the agenda of the meeting and the documents submitted. Before starting the Q&A session, the Secretary announces that a number of shareholders have made use of the possibility provided by article 7:139 of the Belgian Code of Companies and Associations to ask prior written questions and proposes to answer the prior written questions before proceeding to the additional questions that shareholders might have (since questions could have been answered by the answers to the many written questions received before). The Secretary explains that if, during the reading of the written questions and answers, further questions will be asked by shareholders via the chatbox integrated in the online platform, these will be compiled and answered at a later stage.

The Secretary notes that the written questions and answers were made available on the Company's website (www.nyrstar.be) prior to the start of the meeting. The prior written questions and answers are then read out in Dutch by the Secretary of the meeting, which are translated into English. The Statutory Auditor of the Company then reads out the written questions and answers addressed to it. The written questions and answers are attached to the present minutes as Annex 3.

At approximately 1h09 p.m., a shareholder requests that the reference to "oral questions" be replaced by "questions asked via the chatbox, answered at such time as we deem appropriate". Around 1h16 p.m., a shareholder posts a message on the online platform stating that this meeting is not a real general shareholders' meeting. A counsel of the Company answers that the meeting follows the structure of previous general shareholders' meetings of the Company, in which the written questions are first read out and then oral questions are asked. Similarly, here, the written questions are first discussed and additional questions can then be asked in the chatbox. These questions are later answered by videoconference by the Board of Directors.

Taking into account the interventions of the shareholders, the Secretary finalises the answers to the written questions at 3h50 p.m.

The Statutory Auditor of the Company then makes a statement regarding its resignation as Statutory Auditor of the Company with immediate effect as of 1 July 2020. The Statutory Auditor clarifies that it does so on serious personal grounds as a result of a conflict of interest that arose as a result of the proceedings instituted by certain shareholders of the Company against, inter alia, the Company, its directors and its Statutory Auditor. The Statutory Auditor's statement is attached to the present minutes as Annex 4. The Statutory Auditor then also provides a presentation on the report of the Statutory Auditor of 12 February 2020, which is also included in Annex 4.

At approximately 3h56 p.m., the Secretary of the meeting explains that shareholders are given the opportunity to ask questions via the chatbox function integrated into the online platform. These questions are immediately published on the online platform so that all shareholders can see the communications and questions of other shareholders or their authorised proxyholders. The Secretary of the meeting then reads the questions out loud so that they can be translated simultaneously into Dutch or English. The Secretary explains that shareholders are now given the opportunity to pass on additional questions in the chatbox function integrated in the online platform and that at 4h15 p.m. the chatbox function will be temporarily suspended in order to allow the Board of Directors and the Statutory Auditor to deliberate on the questions and formulate answers. An extract of the messages submitted by shareholders present at the meeting, and their proxyholders, is attached to the present minutes as Annex 5.

After a brief adjournment, the meeting is resumed at 4h30 p.m. At 4h30 p.m., a counsel of the Company also announces in the chatbox integrated in the online platform that the round for additional questions has been closed and that the additional questions are now read out by the Secretary. The Secretary reads out the questions submitted via the chatbox so that they can be simultaneously translated into English or Dutch by the translators present. The reading out of the questions closes at 4h48 p.m. The Secretary of the meeting explains that the meeting will be reconvened at 5h50 pm. The meeting will then be adjourned to allow the Board of Directors and the Statutory Auditor to deliberate and decide on the answers to the questions submitted so far by the shareholders. The Secretary of the meeting then announces at 5h50 p.m. that the meeting will resume a little later.

The meeting resumes at 6h10 p.m. and at this moment the chatbox function is also reopened. In response to the questions put to the meeting via the chatbox by the Company's shareholders, additional explanations are provided by the Company's Statutory Auditor and the Chairman of the meeting. The questions submitted to the Board of Directors and to the Statutory Auditor and the answers to these questions are attached to the present minutes as Annex 6. During the reading of the questions and answers, certain shareholders send a number of additional messages via the chatbox integrated in the online platform, as available in Annex 5.

At approximately 6h30 p.m., a shareholder states that his questions have not been registered in the chatbox integrated in the online platform and have therefore not been published. These questions were sent by the shareholder concerned by e-mail to the secretary of the Board of Directors. The Secretary of the meeting reads these questions as sent by the shareholder concerned to the secretary of the Board of Directors by e-mail. The Chairman answers these questions. These questions and answers are also included in Annex 6 to the present minutes.

At 7h20 p.m. the Secretary declares that all questions submitted by shareholders and addressed to the Board of Directors and to the Statutory Auditor have been answered. The Secretary proposes to pause for a moment to confirm if there are any further questions.

An additional question is asked by a shareholder. The Secretary of the meeting proposes to suspend the meeting for 15 minutes to allow the Statutory Auditor to prepare an answer. The meeting resumes at 7h30 p.m. and the Statutory Auditor gives an answer to the question. This question and the answer are included in Annex 6 to the present minutes. The Chairman closes the Q&A session at around 7h35 p.m.

Deliberation and Resolutions

Subsequently, upon proposal of the Chairman, the meeting proceeds with the deliberation and voting with respect to the respective items on the agenda.

Before proceeding to the vote, the Chairman, in response to the aforementioned question from a shareholder's lawyer, lists the shareholders who have submitted their attendance form for the meeting not six days but four days prior to the meeting, in accordance with the deadline for submitting proxies or for vote by mail form in accordance with the Royal Decree No. 4 of 9 April 2020. The Secretary explains once again that submitting the documentation four days instead of six days prior to the general shareholders' meeting is in accordance with the Q&A published by Minister of Justice Koen Geens, who approved it as such. The Secretary then gives an overview of the shareholders and the number of shares that did not submit the participation form for the general shareholders' meetings before the imposed deadline of 24 June 2020 (i.e., 6 days before the general shareholders' meetings) but did submit it at the latest on 26 June 2020 (i.e., 4 days before the general shareholders' meetings). The Secretary explains that it concerns 49,114 votes in total, which represent 0.12% of the shares present and 0.045% of the total shares. This overview was also sent by e-mail to the lawyer of the shareholder who requested it. No objections were raised against the presence of such shareholders.

Consequently, the Secretary states that a vote will be taken on the respective items on the agenda.

The items on the agenda are separately deliberated upon.

1. Reports on the statutory financial statements

Submission of, and discussion on, the annual report of the Board of Directors and the report of the Statutory Auditor on the statutory financial statements for the financial year ended on 31 December 2019.

This agenda item requires no further resolution.

2. Approval of the statutory financial statements

Approval of the statutory financial statements for the financial year ended on 31 December 2019, and of the proposed allocation of the result.

After deliberation, the following resolution is passed:

The general shareholders' meeting approves the statutory financial statements for the financial year ended on 31 December 2019, as well as the allocation of the result as proposed by the Board of Directors.

This resolution is passed as follows:

  • votes approving: 26,835,588 (68.15%)
  • votes disapproving: 12,541,117 (31.85%)
  • abstentions: 0

39,376,705 valid votes have been registered for 39,376,705 shares, which represents 35.84% of the share capital.

3. Discharge from liability of the Directors

After deliberation, the following resolution is passed:

The general shareholders' meeting grants discharge from liability to each of the directors who was in office during the previous financial year, for the performance of his or her mandate during that financial year.

This resolution is passed as follows:

  • votes approving: 26,830,662 (68.14%)
  • votes disapproving: 12,546,043 (31.86%)
  • abstentions: 0

39,376,705 valid votes have been registered for 39,376,705 shares, which represents 35.84% of the share capital.

4. Discharge from liability of the Statutory Auditor

After deliberation, the following resolution is passed:

The general shareholders' meeting grants discharge from liability to the Statutory Auditor which was in office during the previous financial year, for the performance of its mandate during that financial year.

This resolution is passed as follows:

  • votes approving: 26,837,442 (68.16%)
  • votes disapproving: 12,539,263 (31.84%)
  • abstentions: 0

39,376,705 valid votes have been registered for 39,376,705 shares, which represents 35.84% of the share capital.

5. Approval of the remuneration report

Submission of, discussion on and approval of the remuneration report prepared by the Nomination and Remuneration Committee, and included in the annual report of the Board of Directors for the financial year ended on 31 December 2019.

After deliberation, the following resolution is passed:

The general shareholders' meeting approves the remuneration report included in the annual report of the Board of Directors for the financial year ended on 31 December 2019.

This resolution is passed as follows:

  • votes approving: 26,835,774 (68.15%)
  • votes disapproving: 12,540,931 (31.85%)
  • abstentions: 0

39,376,705 valid votes have been registered for 39,376,705 shares, which represents 35.84% of the share capital.

6. Re-appointment of Ms. Anne Fahy

Taking into account the advice of the Nomination and Remuneration Committee, the Board of Directors recommends that Ms. Anne Fahy be re-appointed as Director of the Company for a term of 4 years or, if earlier, until the appointment of a liquidator pursuant to the dissolution of the Company as proposed to the second Extraordinary General Shareholders' Meeting to be held on 25 March 2020 and of which, if no attendance quorum is reached, a new one with the same agenda will be held again immediately following this general shareholders' meeting. For further information regarding Ms. Anne Fahy and her resume, reference is made to the corporate governance statement included in the annual report of the Board of Directors for the financial year ended on 31 December 2019.

After deliberation, the following resolution is passed:

Ms. Anne Fahy is re-appointed as independent non-executive Director within the meaning of Article 7:87 of the Belgian Code of Companies and Associations and Provisions 3.4 and 3.5 of the Belgian Corporate Governance Code of 9 May 2019, for a term up to and including the earlier of (i) the closing of the annual general shareholders' meeting to be held in 2024 which will have decided upon the financial statements for the financial year ended on 31 December 2023, or (ii) the appointment of a liquidator pursuant to the dissolution of the Company as proposed to the second Extraordinary General Shareholders' Meeting to be held on 25 March 2020 and of which, if no attendance quorum is reached, a new one with the same agenda will be held again immediately following this general shareholders' meeting. It appears from information available to the Company and from information provided by Ms. Anne Fahy that she satisfies the applicable requirements with respect to independence. Unless decided otherwise by the general shareholders' meeting, the mandate shall be remunerated as set out in relation to non-executive Directors in the remuneration report included in the annual report of the Board of Directors for the financial year ended on 31 December 2019, and pursuant to the principles as approved by the shareholders at the general shareholders' meeting held on 27 April 2011, as amended and supplemented from time to time.

This resolution is passed as follows:

  • votes approving: 26,837,442 (68.16%)
  • votes disapproving: 12,539,263 (31.84%)
  • abstentions: 0

39,376,705 valid votes have been registered for 39,376,705 shares, which represents 35.84% of the share capital.

* * *

There being no further business and since no further items were raised, the Chairman closes the meeting at 7h45 p.m.

These minutes are signed in three original copies by the Chairman of the meeting and the Secretary.

Signed by:

/signed/ Mr. Martyn Konig Chairman

/signed/ Mr. Geert Verhoeven Secretary

Annex 1

The documentation set out below has been submitted to the bureau of the general shareholders' meeting and will be safeguarded in the files of the Company together with a copy of the minutes of the meeting.

  • (A) Proof of the publication of the convening notice in a nation-wide newspaper and the Belgian Official Gazette
  • (B) Attendance list
  • (C) Register
  • (D) List of shareholders voting by mail
  • (E) Compliance with the formalities by the participants to the meeting
    • Voting by mail
    • Certificates that have been filed with respect to dematerialized shares
    • Letters that have been filed with respect to registered shares
    • Proxies
  • (F) The annual report of the Board of Directors on the statutory financial statements for the financial year ended on 31 December 2019
  • (G) The report of the Statutory Auditor on the statutory financial statements for the financial year ended on 31 December 2019
  • (H) The statutory financial statements of the Company for the financial year ended on 31 December 2019
  • (I) The remuneration report
  • (J) An explanatory note on the items and proposed resolutions on the agenda

Free English translation for information purposes only

Annex 2

Instructions of Lumi

[see the following page]

Manual for the virtual nyrstar meeting 2020

Attending the Nyrstar meeting electronically

This year we're having a virtual meeting, allowing you to participate online, using your smartphone, tablet or computer.

You will be able to view a live webcast of the meeting, ask the Directors questions online and submit your votes in real time.

Visit https://web.lumiagm.com/145975593 in your web browser (no Google search) on your smartphone, tablet or computer. Please ensure you have the latest versions of Chrome, Safari and Edge. DON'T USE INTERNET EXPLORER. Log in on time to ensure that your browser is compatible.

If you have voting rights, enter your username and password and select "Login" .

You will be able to login to the site from 09:00am CEST, 30th June 2020.

When successfully authenticated, the info screen will be displayed. You can view company information, ask questions and pre-vote.

There is no webcast during the pre-voting.

1
1
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ANNUSEE
ASSULEDS
Selecter van Anust on in versander.
Wher good Tappense
When niel goed prospeture par-
Il creboud mij je wisksions
Ameobation du Budget de l'année 2020.
Geetkeuring van het bodget voor het boekjaar 2020.
beliefer and deupt and in un unryscodes.
Kieur good-Sapproxes
Wass nia presidentials will production par-
ik online al mijr ju eristissions
Exhibition and Bruch and in cariptionalist.
Kinu guel yaponus
Approbation des comptes arrôtés au 31 décembre 2019
Décharge aux administratiours pour l'exercice de leur mandat
Kwijting aan de bestuurders voor de uitoefering van hun mandaat.
Geefkeuring van de jaarrekening met betrekking van het boekjaar afgesloten op 31 december 2019.

QUESTIONS

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Type your message in the chat box at the bottom of the message screen.

If you are happy with your message, click the send button.

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NAVIGATION MULTI MOTION VOTING

Voting during the meeting

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Click on the icon to enter the multi motion voting.

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Annex 3

Written questions and answers for the annual general meeting and extraordinary general meeting held on 30 June 2020

[see the following page]

LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY ("NAAMLOZE VENNOOTSCHAP") Registered Office: Zinkstraat 1, 2490 Balen, Belgium Company Number VAT BE 0888.728.945 RPR/RPM Antwerp, division Turnhout

(the Company)

Written questions for annual general meeting and extraordinary general meeting to be held on 30 June 2020

Preliminary note

Questions raised by shareholders at the occasion of a shareholders' meeting have to relate to matters on the agenda as a matter of Belgian law. Most of the questions we have received do not relate to the agenda. The Board will respond to the questions nonetheless. The Board however notes that many of the questions received are public information and have already been responded to in the numerous annual reports and prospectuses that the Company has issued during the past years or during previous Q&A at shareholders' meetings. The Board understands that there are many questions regarding the restructuring. The Board wants to emphasise at the outset that, through this restructuring, the Company managed to avoid a complex international bankruptcy, preserve value for stakeholders and save over 4,000 jobs around the world, of which over 575 in Belgium. In addition, the Board would like to clear one matter upfront on the Trafigura commercial agreements. When Nyrstar was sold in an IPO by Umicore and Zinifex in 2007, this was done when the Century Mine still provided a large part of Nyrstar's concentrate tonnage at benchmark terms. The Century Mine would come to its end of life in 2015. Nyrstar had tried to anticipate the end of the life of that mine by engaging in vertical integration of mines and other concentrate sourcing so that it could continue to operate its smelters at full capacity. (Smelters have high fixed costs, as a result of which it is optimal to operate at full capacity). The mining acquisitions proved difficult for Nyrstar as shareholders have been informed. When the Century mine reached end of life in 2015 and Nyrstar had to replace the tonnage, no significant mining contracts at benchmark terms were available to Nyrstar and Nyrstar had insufficient internal tonnage. Nyrstar, for the tonnage and quality of concentrate that it needed, had to contract with trading companies (not with mines), which typically do not contract at benchmark terms but at spot terms. These spot terms are adjusted throughout the year as a function of the supply and demand dynamics of the zinc market. The Board in 2015 (consisting of seven directors of which one (Christopher Cox) was appointed by Trafigura) decided unanimously that Trafigura was the best option for Nyrstar as it secured concentrate in the right volumes and quality to have all of its smelters operate at full capacity in the long term. The framework agreement with Trafigura, with its annual amendments, reflected market terms in that full period. Any tonnage not sold to Nyrstar by Trafigura could have been sold elsewhere by Trafigura at the same price given that demand exceeded supply. The Board will in responding to the questions detail which other support Trafigura gave to Nyrstar during that period. In summary, comparing a concentrate contract with a trader in 2016 with a concentrate contract with a mine in 2011 is not correct and simplifies matters in a way that disregards the development and operation of the zinc markets since Nyrstar's IPO.

# Questions Answers
A. QUESTIONS TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Mr. Kris Vansanten et al. by e-mail of 26 June 2020
1.
The Relationship Agreement dated 9 November 2015 between Nyrstar
NV
and Trafigura Group PTE Ltd. stipulated that all transactions between
Trafigura Group companies on the one hand and Nyrstar Group
companies on the other hand must always be at arm's length
and on normal
commercial terms. How did the decision-making and decision-making
process of the board of directors and management of Nyrstar NV and the
other companies of the Nyrstar Group take place with regard to the
transactions between the Nyrstar Group and Trafigura? Has the Board of
Directors of Nyrstar NV
deliberated on the various transactions entered
into
between Nyrstar NV
and Nyrstar Sales & Marketing AG on the one
hand and Trafigura on the other hand? Which persons were involved and
for which entity did they act in what capacity? Please provide a table per
meeting.
Who entered into/or decided to enter into
the commercial
agreements and amendments thereto between the Nyrstar Group and the
Trafigura Group between 2015 and 2018?
We will respond to this question together with the second question.
In 2015, the Century mine closed which was the largest source of zinc
concentrate supply for Nyrstar's smelting activities, representing approx.
one third of Nyrstar's global smelter feed at the time. Nyrstar had aimed
to mitigate this loss of supply through its expansion into mining since
2009, yet the mining segment had underperformed. In 2015, significant
additional shortage arose in the market for zinc concentrate through the
closure of the Lisheen mine in Ireland and Glencore's decision to
temporarily close a number of its mines due to the weak price climate (see
on the shortage for example also annual reports of Nyrstar in 2015 and
2016). As a result,
Nyrstar
had to replace a very large amount of
concentrate with a new source of concentrate supply in the market.
At that point, there were however no large contracts at benchmark rates
with mines available in the market. Every Western smelter was in the
same situation. One of the reasons
was that mines preferred contracting
with traders which also supplied Chinese demand and offered better pre
financing terms than the smelters. The only realistic alternative for the
supply of zinc concentrate of the quality and quantity that Nyrstar sought,
was a supply line through a commodities trader.
At the same time, Nyrstar needed a long-term partner for the sale of
refined metal that could also provide financing through prepayment.
Glencore was not an option since the European Commission's decision
restricted the commercial relationship with Nyrstar further to Glencore's
merger with X
strata in 2012. Nyrstar had subsequently engaged in a
partnership with Noble, yet Noble experienced significant financial
troubles relatively soon afterwards.
Further to a market analysis, Trafigura came out as the only realistic
option that could provide the security of supply and offtake Nyrstar
needed in terms of quantity and quality in the longer term as well as other
terms that smelters commonly seek such as prepayment. Trafigura had one
of the largest concentrate books in the industry. For these reasons, Nyrstar
engaged into the long
-term supply and offtake agreements with Trafigura.
Traders, such as Trafigura, did not price contracts at benchmark terms
but
neare
r
spot terms. Nyrstar examined alternatives and there were no
agreements at benchmark terms
available for Nyrstar. Bundling
agreements with various smaller traders would have also resulted in the
same pricing as with Trafigura as this was the market
price
and would
have not yielded the certainty of supply in terms of quantity and quality
in the longer term that Nyrstar needed
to feed its smelters. (Smelters have
very high fixed costs

they need to operate at maximum capacity.)
We refer in this regard also to the answers provided to the oral questions
at the shareholders' meeting of 25 June 2019
:
"I hear two new specific questions. In terms of the first question, firstly, I
see this in the context of the Century mine that was closing. Secondly, the
European metal off-take, which was with Glencore at the time of the
Glencore
-Xstrata merger transaction, whereby Glencore was prohibited
from buying from Nyrstar in Europe after the merger. Noble took over
from Glencore, but Noble got into very severe financial trouble, which is
well
-known in the market. The third component is that Nyrstar had very
important funding needs. The combination of supplying concentrate,
providing the zinc metal offtake with prepayment terms and underwriting
a rights
issue of the order of 270 million euros, there were not a lot of
# Questions Answers
had the European Commission decision. I was not in the company at the
time but in hindsight, but it seems to me the board did the best possible
negotiation to achieve an arm's length result. Arm's length is however not
a specific precise term. Arm's length in terms of a negotiation is
something that also represents the relative strengths of the counterparties.
Nyrstar was
not in a strong position at the end of 2015. There are many
informed people who have said to me that if Nyrstar did not get the
February 2016 rights issue, it would have faced insolvency. There were
very stark choices at that time.
"
We also refer
to
the various annual reports and prospectuses of Nyrstar
throughout the years, explaining the importance of the Century mine
and
the shortage that had arisen since 2015
:
E.g. IPO prospectus of 12 October 2007, under risk factors:
"We are
dependent on a limited number of suppliers for zinc and lead concentrate
and a disruption in supply could have a material adverse effect on our
production levels and results of operations. Our business is dependent on
our ability to source adequate supplies of zinc and lead concentrate. The
availability and price of zinc and lead concentrate may be negatively
affected by a number of factors largely beyond our control, including
interruptions in production by suppliers, decisions by suppliers to allocate
supplies of concentrate to other purchasers, price fluctuations and
increasing transport costs. We have entered into life
-of-mine contracts
with Zinifex for zinc and lead concentrates from its Century and Rosebery
mines and have other multi
-year tonnage contracts with a number of other
suppliers in place. These agreements provide that the key commercial
terms (including TCs) are renegotiated annually. The foregoing
arrangements provide a significant portion of our zinc and lead
concentrate needs for the
foreseeable future and the remainder of our
needs are sourced from other suppliers on an annual basis. Despite our
current contractual arrangements, there can be no assurance that in the
future we will be able to source as much concentrate as we need.
Moreover, should our contractual relationships with any of our suppliers
# Questions Answers
change or terminate without renewal or replacement, we could be left with
insufficient supplies of concentrate. To the extent we are unable to obtain
adequate supplies of zinc and lead concentrate from alternative sources
or if we have to pay higher than anticipated prices, our results of
operations may be materially adversely affected. We are highly dependent
on a limited number of suppliers of concentrate with our top five suppliers
representing approximately 72% of our current zinc concentrate needs
(including Zinifex, which supplies 48% of such needs) and our top three
suppliers representing approximately 75% of our current lead
concentrate needs. […] Any significant disruption for a sustained period
of time to the continued operations at any of the mines which our suppliers
operate, to infrastructure used to transport zinc concentrates or more
generally to the timely delivery of zinc concentrate to our smelters would
have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of
operations. This risk is particularly relevant for Zinifex's Century mine,
which operates a single line production system and is the single largest
source of concentrate to us. In addition, the efficiency of a smelter's
production over time is affected by the mix of the concentrate grades it
processes. In circumstances where we cannot source adequate supplies of
the concentrate grades that make up the most efficient mix for our
smelters, alternative types of concentrate may be available, but the use
thereof may increase our costs of production and adversely affect our
results of operations."
The prospectus of 10 September 2014, under risk factors, is another
example:
"Nyrstar is highly dependent on a limited number of suppliers
of concentrates for a significant portion
of its concentrate needs, with its
largest supplier, Minerals and Metals Group (the owner of the Century
and Rosebery mines), having represented approximately 46% of its zinc
concentrate
needs in 2013.
[…] The Century mine is currently expected
to reach its life
-of-mine and thereby cease supplying Nyrstar's smelters
by mid
-2015. Management has been taking steps to secure raw materials
from other sources, […] , but there can be no assurance that Nyrstar will
be able to secure sufficient alternative sources of supply or that any
# Questions Answers
alternative supply will be on similar terms or of similar quality or that the
Transformation will achieve the expected outcome[…] , and therefore that
the transition
away from Century concentrate will not have a material
adverse effect on Nyrstar's business, results of operations and financial
condition."
E.g. annual report 2015 (in the management report under 'zinc
concentrates'
): "Several miners have implemented production cuts
following lower zinc prices and the prices of the main by
-products of zinc
mines in 2015. The squeeze on margins was more acute in the second half
of 2015, as falling prices put the profitability of the zinc mining sector
under pressure. According to Wood Mackenzie, the break
-even percentile
on the zinc mine cash operating cost curve (C1) was estimated to be 82nd
percentile at the November price lows, down from the 93rd percentile in
August. In response to the low zinc prices, just prior to LME week in
October 2015, Glencore announced that it was cutting output from its
mines by 100kt Zn in Q4 2015 and by 500kt Zn in 2016. The cuts included
reduced output from Mt Isa, McArthur River and Kazzinc mines and
suspension of Iscaycruz. Wood Mackenzie estimates that price
-induced
mine capability cuts will total around 640kt in 2016."
E.g. annual report
2016 (in the management report under 'zinc
concentrates'
)
:
"The annual benchmark treatment charge for zinc
concentrates in 2016 was settled at USD 203 per tonne of concentrate
basis a zinc price of USD 2,000/t with a 9% escalator to USD 2,500/t, 8%
to \$3,000/t, 5% to USD 3,750/t and zero above that, and de
-escalator of
3% to USD 1,500/t and zero below that. This represented a decrease from
the previous year in favour of miners on the headline treatment charge of
approximately 17%. Several miners implemented production cuts in 2016
following lower zinc prices and the prices of the main by
-products of zinc
mines in H2 2015. Mine production decreased in 2016 as a result of these
price related mine reductions and scheduled closures of large mines such
# Questions Answers
as Century and Lisheen. This led to a tighter concentrates market in 2016
with spot treatment charges decreasing throughout the year."
In terms of governance
,
the
Board of
Directors of Nyrstar NV at the time
considered all of its options very carefully and had been preparing for a
long time for the best way for Nyrstar to replace the Century Mine
tonnage. Note that the Board then, in 2015,
consisted of seven and, after
the appointment
of Mr Bill Scotting
to the Board in December 2015, who
was already present at board meetings
as CEO since September
2015
,
eight directors of which only Mr. Christopher
Cox had been appointed by
Trafigura.
The decision
-making in 2015 was done on the basis of all
options available to Nyrstar. Where the agreements were indeed entered
into at the level
of Nyrstar Sales & Marketing AG
(NSM), Nyrstar's Swiss
subsidiary, the Nyrstar NV board was responsible for this decision in 2015
and had anticipate
d
this for a long time. The members of the Nyrstar NV
Board were Mr Julien De Wilde
(Chairman), Mr Ray Stewart, Mr Oyvind
Hushovd, Ms Carole Cable, Mr Martyn Konig, Mr Christopher Cox and
Mr Karel Vinck, with Mr. Scotting in attendance as CEO until also
formally appointed as director. While Mr Chistopher
Cox considered he
did not have a direct conflict of interest, he considered it appropriate to
recuse himself from voting on resolutions with respect to the approval of
the agreements to be entered into with Trafigura.
The Board decided
unanimously that Trafigura was the best option.
The long
-term contracts with Trafigura are consistent with industry
norms. Long
-term concentrate supply contracts of this nature constitute
frame contracts whereby supply commitments are negotiated upfront,
ensuring the certainty of supply
that is crucial for smelters, but whereby
other key terms, including price, are left to be dealt with in annual
amendments. Amendments in this context are standard.
# Questions Answers
Nyrstar already addressed this process of annual amendment in the
answers to the written questions for the shareholders
'
meeting of 5
November 2019:
"The scope of the yearly negotiations between Nyrstar and Trafigura on
the zinc metal contract involves primarily negotiations of the buyer
discount and prepayment terms. As per the concentrate supply
agreements, the penalties and quotational periods were set in the original
offtake agreement that was executed in November 2015. Penalties are
typically only applicable to the purchase and sale of concentrates rather
than refined metals.
As concentrates contain impurities, such as iron, that
cause difficulties in the refining process, in these circumstances there may
be a deduction from the price of the concentrate. The Quotational Period
(QP) is the contractually agreed timeframe which determines the metal
price to be applied under the sale or purchase agreement. It is typically
the average price of the QP. The duration of the QP can vary and is
independent of physical flows. It is common for amendments to be agreed
with various suppliers
for long term supply or offtake agreements, this is
also the case with the Trafigura Commercial Agreements. As disclosed in
the notes to the consolidated accounts for 2018, in May and November
2017, Nyrstar and Trafigura amended the "Trafigura Commercial
Agreements
"
entered into on 9 November 2015. These amendments
further defined the zinc specifications and volumes by region. Specifically,
the May 2017 amendments were to document that the agreed freight
parities and treatment charge applicable to the volume of zinc concentrate
that were contracted to be delivered during calendar year 2017. The
November 2017 amendments settled the freight parity and treatment
charge to be applied to 300,000 dry metric tonnes of the 500,000 dry
metric tonnes that was contracted to be delivered in calendar year 2018.
There was nothing extraordinary about these amendments and they did
not have a financial impact."
As mentioned,
the
Board of
Directors of Nyrstar NV extensively
discussed the material frame agreements that were put into place with
# Questions Answers
Trafigura. With regard to the subsequent amendments, these were also
supervised by the Board. In addition to the review undertaken by the
Nyrstar NV
Board, the Trafigura commercial frame agreements were
supervised by the
Board of Nyrstar Sales & Marketing AG as the
contracting entity for these agreements.
Operationally, the commercial agreements and amendments between the
Nyrstar group and the Trafigura Group in the period 2015 to 2018 were
negotiated and agreed by the Chief Commercial Officer of Nyrstar and
members of his team, under supervision
by the Chief Executive Officer.
At all times, the parties negotiating the various amendments on behalf of
Nyrstar were individuals that were very familiar and highly proficient
with the relevant markets and the industry standards for the parameters
that were being amended under the terms of the frame agreements.
The pricing of a first part of the zinc concentrate tonnage to be supplied
under the contract with Trafigura was based on a discount in relation to
the benchmark treatment charge, and this discount increased over time.
This was due to the significant shortage in the market for concentrate in
2015
-2018, which caused the differential between benchmark and spot
treatment charges to widen. We also refer in this regard to the answers
provided by Nyrstar in relation to treatment charges and discounts to the
benchmark at the shareholders' meeting of 25 June 2019:
In the written Q&A, it is clarified as follows:
"There has been a dramatic decrease in treatment charges in lead and
zinc since 2015 to historic lows in 2018 which has impacted Nyrstar's
gross profit significantly."
In the oral Q&A, the CEO provides further:
# Questions Answers
"Second, Nyrstar, regularly, together with its financial results, publishes
its annual results with respect to the benchmark, with regularly a discount
of 30 to 40 dollars. This is higher from 2016 onwards relative to prior
years and there is a simple reason for it. Nyrstar had life
-of-mine
contracts for the concentrate supply from the Century zinc mine in
Australia which supplied to Budel in the Netherlands and Hobart in
Australia. That was put in place in the time of Pasminco, when the Century
mines and the 2 smelters were part thereof. These agreements were
favorable towards the smelters and Nyrstar benefited from them after the
split up of Pasminco and eventual formation of the Nyrstar Group from
Zinifex and Umicore zinc smelting assets. When the Century Mine reached
the end of its life towards the end of 2015, Nyrstar had to replace a very
large amount of concentrate supply in the market. Effectively, there was
a big change in terms of what mine was used as well as in the commercial
terms."
Hence, the evolution of the applied discount reflects the evolution of the
spot treatment charges. This is consistent with how trading companies
price their sales. Commodities
traders
are typically unable to sell at
benchmark basically because they generally cannot buy substantial
volumes of concentrates at benchmark terms and more importantly
because they value their concentrates always related to market terms and
conditions at the relevant time of negotiation.
Similarly, the second part of the zinc concentrate tonnage under the
contract with Trafigura was to be priced at the market, i.e. again meant to
reflect the evolution of the spot treatment charges.
We also refer to the answer provided to the November 2019 shareholders
'
meeting regarding treatment charges, in which the relationship between
the tightness of supply and the realised treatment charge is illustrated:
# Questions Answers
"In 2017, the average treatment charge
agreed with Trafigura for zinc
concentrate was USD 74.0/DMT. The average treatment charge realised
by Nyrstar with Trafigura in 2018 was lower than in 2017; however it is
necessary to take into account the market dynamics. The first tranche of
300 kt was negotiated in October and November 2017. At that moment,
the market for zinc concentrate was very tight and projected to remain
tight into 2018 with spot China TC's trading in the USD 15-20/t range.
Under these market conditions, Nyrstar was able to lock in a TC of USD
32/t in November 2017, which compares favourably to the spot TC
applicable at the time. This represents a discount of USD 115/t to the 2018
benchmark TC, which was subsequently set at USD 147/t in April 2018
and was down 15% compared to the 2017 benchmark. The second tranche
of 200kt was negotiated in July and August 2018. At that moment, the
market for zinc concentrate was still very tight, although the first signs
were emerging that it was softening. At the time that Nyrstar achieved
USD 45/t in August 2018, the last two monthly spot references available
were USD 27/t for May 2018 and USD 35/t for June 2018 with a further
increase expected in July 2018. Indeed Nyrstar used this argument to
negotiate from Trafigura an improvement in the TC of the second 200kt
tranche vs the first 300kt tranche (from USD 32/t to USD 45/t)."
In sum, the increase of the negotiated prices for the supply of concentrate
in the amendments was a result of the increasing shortage in the market
for concentrate and the related decrease in spot treatment charges in the
relevant time period.
2. Why did the Nyrstar Group enter into long-term (5-year) supply and off
take agreements
with Trafigura in November 2015 and then, through
annual
amendments,
set
its
prices,
which
were
increasingly
disadvantageous to Nyrstar each year? After all, the purpose of a long
term contract is (among other things) to offer not only volume but also
price certainty for the duration of the contract.
We have combined the response to this question into the first question.
# Questions Answers
3. How did the process work of determining the need for a change in prices
and therefore of concluding a derogating amendment and then approving
the substance of the amendments? Who signed the first framework
agreements and the various amendments on behalf of Nyrstar NV
and
Nyrstar Sales & Marketing AG?
As already mentioned under question
1, in line with industry practice, the
Trafigura supply contracts were frame contracts. The price terms for the
two tranches of zinc concentrate to be supplied to Nyrstar were negotiated
separately at different times during the year, to account
for changes in the
zinc concentrate market over time.
As such, Nyrstar had certainty of
supply (which was essential
to operate its smelters at full capacity) and
pricing was adjusted to that which was prevailing in the zinc markets
(which was important to Trafigura which could sell to any alternative
smelter
worldwide). In addition to certainty of supply, Nyrstar also
benefited from Incoterms
changed to its advantage, from certain
employees of Trafigura that were dedicated to it and
prepayment (which
it needed because of its historical financial situation).
The original frame agreements dated November 2015 were signed by the
SVP Metals Processing. The various amendments to the frame agreements
between 2015 and 2018, primarily to settle the variable terms, were
generally signed by the SVP Metals Processing and
the Chief Commercial
Officer. In each case, the signatory was signing as a director or secretary
of Nyrstar Sales & Marketing AG, which was the party. The commercial
agreements with Trafigura were not signed on behalf of Nyrstar NV as it
was not a party to these contracts, but Nyrstar NV supervised as set out
above.
4. Why were/are the discounts on the zinc treatment
charges allowed to
Trafigura justified by reference to Spot Rate Treatment Charges and not
Benchmark Treatment Charges? After all, the Benchmark Treatment
Charges were used as the basis for determining the treatment
charges that
Nyrstar
charged to the other suppliers. Spot Rate Treatment Charges are
only used in the market as a basis for short-term surpluses or deficits and
therefore cannot serve as a basis for long-term contracts.
As already mentioned above, due to
the significant shortage in the market
at the time, large
contracts for the supply of zinc concentrate at benchmark
treatment charges with mines were not available to Nyrstar in 2015 and
later years.
Hence, further to the closure of the Century mine, Nyrstar
needed to secure
supply of additional qualitative zinc concentrate through
trading companies, and among these Trafigura was the only party that
could realistically provide the partnership that Nyrstar sought.
The assumption that long-term supply contracts are always priced at
benchmark rates is incorrect. This is not typical for trading companies
in
that period
in
the international zinc markets. Trading companies are
# Questions Answers
typically unable to sell at benchmark basically because they generally
cannot buy substantial volumes of concentrates at benchmark terms and
more importantly because they value their concentrates always related to
market terms and conditions at the relevant time of negotiation.
As
Trafigura would have been able to sell its concentrate on the market at
spot treatment charges, the discounts on the zinc treatment charges applied
reflected
the evolution of the spot market.
5. The discount on the Benchmark Treatment Charge granted to Trafigura in
2018 was 75%. The Benchmark Treatment Charge increased significantly
from 2018 to 2019. Even the Spot Rate Treatment Charge increased in
2019: 1 February over \$200 per tonne, mid-April over \$250 per tonne,
mid-June over \$275 per tonne. What was the average Treatment Charge
that Trafigura paid to Nyrstar
in 2019 until
31 July 2019? What was the
average Treatment Charge for Nyrstar
in 2019 to 31 July 2019? What was
the discount to the benchmark in 2019? From what date did the increased
Treatment Charges for NYRSTAR take effect? For 2020, the Benchmark
Treatment Charge is \$299.75 per tonne. What is the volume of zinc metal,
in ingot format and other possible formats, sold by Nyrstar
to Trafigura in
the year 2019? What conditions could Trafigura enjoy compared to
corresponding market conditions? How much zinc concentrate (dmt) did
Nyrstar
process from Trafigura at its agreed treatment charges
in the year
2019?
The zinc concentrate treatment charge agreed with Trafigura for H1 2019
was published in the H1 2019 accounts that were issued on 6 December
2019 and available on the Company's website.
In
the
disclosures,
Nyrstar
notes
that:
"the Group agreed the treatment charge for the deliveries of 350,000t of
the agreed 2019 annual deliveries at the weighted average treatment
charge of USD 202.10/DMT". This treatment charge was, as usual,
applied retrospectively for all of the 350,000 tonnes which was delivered
in 2019."
Nyrstar has not published the
average realised treatment charge up to 31
July 2019. The calculation of the average zinc concentrate discount to
benchmark is a difficult and time-consuming calculation for the Company
to make due to the substantial volume
(hundreds) of different concentrate
parcels that are consumed by Nyrstar's global smelting operations on a
quarterly basis which all have unique pricing variables. As such, the
Company is unable to reasonably provide this calculation. We also note
that this calculation
was not generally used by investors
as a metric
in their
understanding of the business. Rather the main and most important
treatment charge
metric published by the Company was the
sensitivity
of
EBITDA to a 10% change in the benchmark treatment charge. This metric
was consistently published
on a semi-annual basis and could be compared
against the benchmark terms that were annually agreed and typically
published by Nyrstar and industry publications at the end of Q1 each year.
# Questions Answers
The conditions in the Trafigura agreement conformed
to the general
market conditions. As noted in the draft expert report produced by
Stonehouse Consulting and filed in the expert proceedings in the Antwerp
Commercial Court, the terms that Trafigura sold concentrate to Nyrstar
were similar to those it would have been able to negotiate with other
smelters. There was a concentrate deficit in 2016, 2017, and in the first
half of 2018, which meant Trafigura could have sold the tons
at similar
terms elsewhere, either to other Western smelters or to Chinese smelters.
As you are aware, post the restructuring effective date on 31 July 2019,
the Nyrstar operating group which includes Nyrstar Sales & Marketing
AG was no longer controlled and operated by Nyrstar NV. As such, the
Company is unable to advise you of the discount to benchmark achieved
in FY 2019,
the volume of zinc metal sold to Trafigura in FY 2019 or the
volume of concentrate sourced from Trafigura in FY 2019.
6. Why, at the Annual General Meeting of 25 June 2019, were only the
realized average zinc treatment charges disclosed on the total volume of
processed zinc concentrate, and were
questions about specific discounts
granted to Trafigura (other than confirmation that they were at arm's
length)
not addressed, when this information was disclosed in the revised
annual accounts for 2018, published in September, which showed that the
discount granted to Trafigura in 2018 was as high as 76% of the
benchmark processing charges?
As is recorded on the second page of the oral questions and answers
published on the Company's website for the shareholders' meeting held
on 25 June 2019, the CEO at the time provided a detailed response to this
question. It was correctly noted by the CEO
that, in terms of the discount
to the benchmark, the Company for a number of periods disclosed an
average discount to benchmark as it provided an additional input that
could be used, typically by sophisticated institutional investors, to test
their financial models for Nyrstar. In terms of confidentiality with all the
individual contracts, we cannot specify how that breaks down per
counterpart. For the Trafigura contracts we allowed all shareholders
to
inspect the Trafigura contracts that were made available at the meeting
and later were made available on a secure online portal.
Comparing the treatment charge in the Trafigura contract to the annual
benchmark terms is not appropriate. By negotiating a discount to
benchmark in the zinc concentrate supply agreement, Trafigura and
Nyrstar expected the treatment charges would be related more to spot
# Questions Answers
treatment charges than to benchmark terms. This is consistent with
Trafigura's sales terms to other smelters and reflective of how trading
companies generally price their sales. This understanding is also made
clear in the draft expert report produced by Stonehouse Consulting that
was submitted with Nyrstar's brief to the Commercial Court in Antwerp
on Friday 26 June 2020.
Please see response to question 1.
7. How was compliance with "at arm's length" and "on normal commercial
terms" in the transactions between the Nyrstar group and Trafigura group
monitored within Nyrstar NV
and the Nyrstar group and who was
involved in this monitoring process? Please provide an answer in which
these persons are mentioned by name, drawn up in a table per negotiated
amendment.
Please see response to question 1.
8. If there was internal control of compliance with the principles "at arm's
length" and "on normal commercial terms", how was this control carried
out? In addition to the permitted discounts on treatment charges
for zinc
and zinc concentrates, was compliance with the principle also checked,
inter alia, in respect of the following aspects?

The processing wages on the various raw materials.

The price paid for the purchase of the metals and other by
products produced by Nyrstar.

The discounts granted to Trafigura.

Penalty discounts for impurities.

Volume tolerances.

The metal content and its control.
The terms of the zinc supply contract
with Trafigura are consistent with
what would have been negotiated at the time between other smelters and
trading companies, and therefore are at arm's length. The contract
provided
Trafigura with some
optionality with regard to
the quotational
period
(i.e. the month in which the average LME prices will be used for a
specific invoice),
but this is standard
in a concentrate supply contract with
a trading company. Importantly, the
contract provided Nyrstar with
benefits that are not standard
for contracts with a trading company, such
as the opportunity for freight benefit savings with regard to deliveries to
European smelters as
well as, further to an amendment,
payment deferral
until the point of unloading.
Although these clauses were not standard in
trade contracts with smelters, these clauses were clearly a benefit to
Nyrstar.

The logistics costs.

The payment terms.

The disposal of assets.

The benchmarks.

The escalator/escalator clauses.
As for
price participation in the form of
escalators and de-escalators, these
were reflected in the pricing for the first tranche of zinc concentrate to be
supplied in 2016. As escalators
and de-escalators were eliminated from
the global benchmark terms in 2017 and 2018
(in other words, they were
eliminated for the entire
market), they were no
longer
part of the
# Questions Answers

The hedging and financial contracts.
negotiations on pricing for the first tranche in those years.
As mentioned,
the second tranche of zinc concentrate to be supplied was to be priced at
market, i.e. not to be determined with reference to any specific pricing
basis but rather meant to reflect the evolution of the spot treatment
charges. There is no price participation in case of spot treatment charges.
As explained also in the answers provided
to the November 2019 general
meeting, over the years, Nyrstar has maintained commercial relationships
with numerous traders in the metals and mining industry. Nyrstar's
contractual and commercial relationship with those traders have all been
on similar terms as those with Trafigura, reflecting spot market terms
annually renewed in the relevant periods. These traders have included the
likes of Glencore, Noble Group, Louis Dreyfus, Ocean Partners and
Transamine.
9. Were the transactions and decisions regarding the transactions between
the Nyrstar Group and the Trafigura Group submitted to the Audit
Committee or did the Audit Committee examine these transactions? If so,
what were its findings? If not, why not?
The governance was as discussed above.
As included in the corporate
governance statement in the annual reports, the role of the audit committee
is to supervise and review the financial reporting process, the internal
control and risk management systems and the internal audit process of the
Company. The audit committee monitors the audit of the statutory and
consolidated financial statements, including the follow-up questions and
recommendations by the statutory auditor. The audit committee also
makes recommendations to the Board of Directors on the selection,
appointment and remuneration of the external auditor and monitors the
independence of the external auditor.
10. What role did the internal audit department of Nyrstar Sales & Marketing
play in this process? Did it express any serious reservations in successive
transactions, decisions and/or amendments, and if so, which ones? Has
the Audit Committee always taken these concerns to heart and taken
action to seriously investigate and remedy the concerns expressed?
The internal audit function was responsible for all entities within the
Nyrstar group, including, but not limited to Nyrstar Sales & Marketing
AG. The internal
audit function conducts an annual risk based program of
internal audits which is approved by the audit committee. The internal
auditor reports findings to management and the audit committee and
remediation actions are tracked and monitored. At
no time has an internal
audit identified any material issue with regards to the transactions,
# Questions Answers
decisions and/or amendments of the contracts between Nyrstar and
Trafigura
since 2015.
The audit committee would regularly hear the internal auditor. Any
concerns have always been investigated and where necessary remedial
action applied to address a potential deficiency. As was noted in the
minutes of the shareholders' meeting of 5 November 2019, the statutory
auditor of the Company as part of the FY 2018 audit flagged that they had
reviewed and had noted within their key audit matters the "Allegations by
the former Internal Audit Manager". The allegations of the internal
auditor, as well as the statutory auditor's work performed and
observations are summarized in
the FY 2018 accounts available on the
Company's website. It is further stated in the FY 2018 accounts at note 42
that the board of directors investigated these allegations of the former
internal auditor, took actions where needed
and confirmed that there have
been no changes to the consolidated financial statements as a result of
the
internal auditor's allegations.
Deloitte, the auditor of Nyrstar NV,
reported
its conclusion under
key audit matters
in its audit report in respect of
financial year 2018.
11. In monitoring compliance with the "at arm's length" and "on normal
commercial terms" principles, was support sought with external advisors,
apart from
the advice of KPMG with regard to the transactions in 2018?
No support was sought with external advisors, except for KPMG in 2018
as referred to in the question. Nyrstar was historically one of the world's
largest smelters and had all know how inhouse, which did not mean
that
Nyrstar could control the international
zinc markets.
For
the purpose
of the pending proceedings regarding the demand of a
group of minority shareholders for the appointment of a body of experts,
Nyrstar has also asked Stonehouse Consulting, headed by Mr.
Jim Vice, a
specialist in certain metals markets (including the zinc market), to provide
an expert report on
the nature of the terms
of the commercial
agreements
entered into between Trafigura and Nyrstar
and the market context at the
time.
Mr. Vice has worked his entire career at the Canadian company
Teck
Resources that owns zinc mines
and a zinc smelter, and has always been
a counterparty to both Nyrstar and Trafigura.
# Questions Answers
Further to its review, Stonehouse Consulting has concluded that the zinc
and lead concentrate supply contracts and the metal sales contract between
Trafigura and Nyrstar were at arm's length and consistent with similar
contracts between trading companies and smelters.
In its opinion:

the
terms relating to delivery, payables and penalties, quotational
periods, qualities and weighing, sampling and moisture
determination were fair and showed no undue optionality on the
part of Trafigura;

the
treatment charges in the concentrate contracts were low
compared to the terms that Nyrstar had under the long-term
Century supply contract, but consistent with the market terms for
zinc concentrates in the years 2016 to 2018;

terms for the metal sales contract were concluded at a discount to
the prevailing market premiums, which was reasonable and
consistent with other trader-smelter transactions, especially since
Trafigura was providing sales and logistics support services as
well as prepayment terms which improved Nyrstar's cashflow
position.
12. What was the specific reason for mandating KPMG to monitor
compliance with the 'at arm's length' and 'on normal commercial terms'
principles and to give its opinion on this? Why was KPMG only mandated
to investigate this with regard to the transactions in 2018 and not the
previous years? Why has the board of directors of Nyrstar NV
not
previously had the compliance with the aforementioned principle checked
and communicated transparently to the shareholders in view of the
importance of safeguarding the interests of Nyrstar NV
and the Nyrstar
group? Please submit the aforementioned report of KPMG (including any
annexes).
Nyrstar had called KPMG to provide the Board of Directors with an
independent
input to its assessment
of the contracts with Trafigura.
On the shareholders meeting
of 5 November 2019,
we have also
responded as follows: "As per the engagement letter between KPMG and
Nyrstar NV, the KPMG opinion letter is a confidential document that
cannot be made freely available. The opinion letter was only previously
provided to shareholders in compliance with the 24 June 2019 court
order, which was later annulled by a subsequent court order of 28 August
2019. Given this annulment there is no legal requirement that enables
Nyrstar NV to make the KPMG opinion freely available."
# Questions Answers
Further, the KPMG opinion letter also prohibits disclosure without its
consent: "Our opinion is for information only of Nyrstar's management,
board of directors and statutory auditors and is not to be copied, quoted
or referred to, in whole or in part, without our prior written consent. In
particular, our opinion is not to be disclosed
or referred to in the public
domain."
We further note that, in accordance with Belgian company law, the right
of shareholders to ask questions with respect to items on the agenda of the
meeting, does not involve the right to receive certain documents.
The
Company therefore has no obligation to publish the KPMG report, and it
will also not do so, given the reasons mentioned above.
13. Has the board of directors of Nyrstar NV ever deliberated on the
contractual liability of Trafigura for breaches of the Relationship
Agreement? What decision, if any, did the board of directors take and on
what grounds did it base its decision?
No, the Board has not had such deliberation. Trafigura has always
complied with its contractual obligations towards Nyrstar. Transactions
between Nyrstar and Trafigura were at arms' length. Arms' length may
also reflect the evolution of a zinc market that is unfavourable to Nyrstar.
Nyrstar has at a number of times asked the support of Trafigura in
changing contractual terms to the agreements, requesting change of
Incoterms, higher volumes, etc.
For example, in an amendment to the zinc
concentrate supply contract, the delivery terms were changed from CIF to
DAP (Delivered at Place, Incoterms), meaning that Nyrstar would take
delivery only after the concentrate was unloaded from the vessel.
Trafigura would be responsible for unloading the vessel and delivering
concentrate to the local warehouse. Nyrstar agreed to compensate
Trafigura for the direct costs associated with changing
the delivery point.
Although this change is unusual in concentrate delivery agreed terms, it
was beneficial to Nyrstar as it allowed it to delay paying for concentrate
until just before it treated the concentrate.
# Questions Answers
Trafigura has always complied with these change requests, even if at the
benefit of Nyrstar and not provided in the framework agreement.
14. Why did the board of directors decide to sell the mines at El Mochito, El
Toqui, Coricancha, Campo Morado and Contonga
instead of keeping
them in portfolio? Have alternatives to the sale been examined? What was
the Board of Directors' justification for the sale of the mines?
Nyrstar proceeded
to
divest these mines further to a strategic review
of its
assets
in 2015.
This followed on a first review of the mining segment in
the second half of 2013, further to which Coricancha was already
identified as a non-core mining asset
(Nyrstar 2013 Mineral Resource and
Mineral Reserve Statement of 30 April 2014, p. 2).
In the context
of
the strategic review
in 2015, Nyrstar considered the
alternative of retaining the mines, but concluded
that the
mines would
continue to underperform unless further significant capital expenditures
were made, and that it was therefore
preferable
to divest the mines and
allocate capital to growth projects in the metals processing segment with
high
projected internal rates of return, in particular given the capital
constraints and the relatively small contribution of the mining segment to
Nyrstar's global smelter feed
until then.
This rationale was
explained in Nyrstar's press release
of 9 November
2015, quoting Nyrstar's
CEO:
"Mining Review and Divestments
Bill Scotting, Chief Executive Officer of Nyrstar said: "The asset-level
assessment of the Mining segment that I have been conducting since
commencing at Nyrstar in mid-August highlighted the potential strategic
value of operating a portfolio of mining and processing assets. However,
it is clear that the execution of this upstream strategy has been flawed and
the currently achieved scale of the Mining segment relative to the Metal
Processing segment's requirement for concentrate is not material enough
to justify the current levels of capital allocated to the Mining segment.
# Questions Answers
Whilst a number of the Nyrstar mining operations have strong potential,
and operational progress has been made in the past year with the
appointment of a new senior mining leadership team focused on mine
development and life of mine planning, the segment as a whole will
continue to underperform without an injection of significant additional
capital. As Nyrstar is currently capital constrained and has a number of
Metals Processing Growth Pipeline Projects with high projected internal
rates of return competing for available capital, Management and the
Board have concluded that there may be more suitable owners for some
or all of Nyrstar's mining operations.
Accordingly, Nyrstar has retained financial advisors to assist with a
process to pursue strategic alternatives including a sale of certain or all
of the Mining segment assets. This will not only eliminate the short-term
cash burden of supporting
the Mining assets at this time, but should allow
latent potential in the assets to be realised and offer local stakeholders a
more sustainable future. Where appropriate, offtake agreements will be
put in place to maintain Nyrstar's access to concentrates.
(…)"
The Company at the time of the divestments also made it clear that the
mining segment was burning substantial amounts of cash in terms of
negative EBITDA and capex. As was stated by the CEO at the time of the
FY 2015 results presentation on 4 February 2016: "in Q3 2015 the cash
burn annualized, was EUR 170 million". This level of cash burn meant
that the poorest performing asset could not be kept in the portfolio.
15. Under what conditions were these mines sold? Were the mines valued on
the respective dates of sale? If so, please provide us with the valuation
reports. Has the board of directors set a minimum sale price, if not, why
not? Why did the board of directors decide to sell these mines below their
net value on the date of the sale?
Each of the mines were sold in a competitive process with the assistance
of advisers
BMO and Lazard. Over 300 potentially
interested parties were
approached
and each mine was sold to the highest bidder
with committed
financing. Trafigura was not involved.
Nyrstar publicly reported on the sale, including on the conditions of sale:
# Questions Answers

Sale of El Toqui to Laguna Gold: see the press release of 27 June
2016;

Sale of El Mochito to Morumbi
Resources (now: Ascendant
Resources): see the press release of 22 September 2016;

Sale of Contonga to Glencore: see the press release of 14
December 2016;

Sale of Coricancha to Great Panther Silver: see the press release
of 20 December 2016;

Sale of Campo Morado to Telson Resources and Reynas Minas:
see the press release of 28 April 2017.
There was no minimum price set but in each case the Board conducted an
evaluation of alternatives for the mining assets and opportunity costs
should Nyrstar continue to own the assets
as it considered bids throughout
the divestment process.
(As such the Tennessee mines, Langlois,
Myra
Falls and Puccarajo were not sold.)
For further detail on the
divestments, please also be referred to the annual
reports, in particular the note on discontinued operations in the notes to
the consolidated financial statements.
We further note that, in accordance with Belgian company law, the right
of shareholders to ask questions with respect to items on the agenda of the
meeting, does not involve the right to receive certain documents.
16. Were there multiple bids on the mines? Were there higher bids than the
price offered by the final buyer(s), if so why were the mines sold to the
final buyer(s)?
Nyrstar sold the mines through a thorough sales process that lasted
approx. 1.5 years in which it was assisted by the bank BMO and the
financial adviser Lazard (as reported on in the press release of 7 January
2016). Over 300 parties were contacted to gauge interest, yet only a
limited number of parties engaged in the process with most of the bids
being indicative only. Most parties considered the mines to be highly
complex, needing large capital injections and located in high risk
jurisdictions thereby putting them in a very high risk asset category which
# Questions Answers
for most parties meant that the assets were uninvestable. Only few parties
ultimately pursued a potential purchase of the mines. Each time the mines
were sold to the highest bidder
with committed financing.
17. Who negotiated and decided to sell the mines? What were the steps in the
process of selling the mines? Did the entire board of directors deliberate
on all the bids?
As reported on in the press release of 27 April 2016 and the 2016 annual
report (in the management report under 'Mining Divestment Process'), the
mining asset sale process comprised
a two-stage process. Indicative non
binding phase one bids were received in the first quarter of 2016. In the
second quarter of 2016,
potential buyers progressed
in the second phase
of the divestment process and conducted
additional due diligence,
including site visits.
Nyrstar retained BMO Capital Markets and Lazard
to assist with the sale process. Nyrstar was however already in advanced
discussions for the sale of the Coricancha mine, when the advisers were
retained.
The Board conducted an assessment of alternatives for the mining assets
and opportunity costs should Nyrstar
continue to own the assets, and
considered bids
throughout the subsequent divestment process.
In terms
of decision-making, the Board of Directors of Nyrstar NV took the
strategic decision to launch the process and to conduct a competitive
process.
The Board of Directors then supervised the process
and voted, as
the case may be, on the sale after hearing the full analysis
from the
management.
The negotiation team consisted of the Corporate
Development team, the CFO and advisers (BMO Capital Markets Limited
and Lazard & Co), and
they reported to the Board
and CEO.
Trafigura
was not involved in the purchase of any of the mines so there was no
reason for any director not to participate.
18. Was
Trafigura
represented
or
were
Trafigura
loyalists/employees/directors/managers involved in the negotiations to
sell the mines? If so, who and what was their role?
Trafigura was not involved in the divestment process. Please be referred
to the answer to question 15 for the purchasers of the divested mines.
Please be referred to the answer to the previous question as to who was
involved.
# Questions Answers
19. Why did Bill Scotting, who had however been recruited for his expertise
on mines, leave as CEO in December 2016 at a time when the sale of the
mines was in full swing? Did he resign or was he fired? If he was
dismissed, please explain in detail the reason for his dismissal? What role
As was announced by the Company in a press release dated 13 December
2016, Bill Scotting decided to leave Nyrstar on his own initiative to pursue
other opportunities.
did Bill Scotting play in the discussions/negotiations with the potential
buyers of the mines? What was Bill Scotting's opinion expressed to the
Board of Directors about the mine sale, such as alternatives to a direct sale
or a minimum acceptable price for one of the mines? Please provide us
Bill Scotting oversaw the strategy that was presented to the Nyrstar board
of directors to sell the mines, as per the Company's press release that was
issued on 9 November 2015
and that was quoted above.
with the documents proving this. On 7 January 2016, Nyrstar provided a further update with regards to the
mine divestment process where it announced the "formal launch of the
sale process for all or the majority of its mining assets" and also advised
that it would be
assisted in the sale processby advisers BMO Capital
Markets Limited and Lazard & Co.
Bill Scotting was not involved directly
in the discussions with potential
buyers of the mines
but as CEO he oversaw the divestment process and
ultimately made recommendations to the Board.
The process in the field
for the mine divestments was run by Nyrstar's corporate development
team which reported to the Company's CFO
who in turn reported to the
CEO.
The corporate development team was assisted by BMO and Lazard.
The Board of Directors of Nyrstar NV were briefed on a regular basis by
the CFO,
CEO
and representatives of the advising banks with regards to
the progress on the mine divestments and price expectations for the
various assets based on market feedback.
We further note that, in accordance with Belgian company law, the right
of shareholders to ask questions with respect to items on the agenda of the
meeting, does not involve the right to receive certain documents.
# Questions Answers
20. Why does Nyrstar not mention in its reporting that guarantee of the Zinc
in Concentrate Purchase Agreement of Talvivaara Mining Company Plc
was transferred to Winttal Oy in 2015? The buyer, Terrafame Group Ltd,
states in its reports that this guarantee had a face value for them in
subsequent negotiations of approximately €203 million. Why does
Nyrstar not mention that they sold Winttal Oy to Terrafame Group Ltd in
December 2015? Nyrstar's 2015 annual report mentions that Nyrstar
received €3.8 million in November 2015 for a partial repayment in
relation to Terrafame's credit facility.
Winttal Oy was a special purpose vehicle that was used to assign to
Terrafame, the Finnish state investment company, the rights Nyrstar had
under the agreements with Talvivaara. Therefore,
Nyrstar reported in its
annual report 2015 that the rights were assigned to Terrafame:
"In August 2015 the Finnish State-owned Terrafame Mining acquired
Talvivaara's mining business and assets. In November 2015 Nyrstar
assigned all its rights, title, benefits and interest under the Talvivaara Zinc
Streaming Agreement to Terrafame for a partial repayment of EUR 3.8
million related to the loan facility up to a maximum amount of EUR 20.0
million that was made available to Talvivaara in 2014." (annual report
2015, note on zinc purchase interest in the notes to the consolidated
financial statements)
The assignment was also publicly
reported on by Talvaara itself
on 7
December 2015, in which Winttal Oy was referred to as assignee
and
wholly owned subsidiary of Terrafame:
"Talvivaara
Mining Company Plc ("Talvivaara" or "Company") has been
informed by Nyrstar Sales & Marketing AG ("Nyrstar") that Nyrstar has
assigned all its rights, title, benefit and interest under the Zinc in
Concentrate Purchase Agreement ("Streaming Agreement") and
the Loan
and Streaming Holiday Agreement ("Streaming Holiday Agreement") to
Winttal Oy, a company fully owned by Terrafame Group Ltd ("Terrafame
Group"), under an assignment deed dated 30 November 2015. Terrafame
Group is a special-purpose company wholly owned by the State of
Finland. It manages the state ownership and exercises the owner's power
at Terrafame Ltd. Terrafame Ltd acquired the business operations and
assets of Talvivaara Sotkamo Ltd ("Talvivaara Sotkamo") from its
bankruptcy estate in August 2015 and is operating the Sotkamo mine."
It is important to understand the chronology, which resulted in the
impairment of the rights under the agreement with Talvivaara, including
# Questions Answers
the guarantee which is referred to in the question,
and the assignment
by
Nyrstar to Terrafame.
The chronology is as follows:

As was announced by Nyrstar on 2
5
January 2010, Talvivaara
Sotkamo Ltd. ("Talvivaara Sotkamo") and Nyrstar entered into a
long
-term zinc in concentrate streaming agreement (the "Zinc
Streaming Agreement") under which Nyrstar made an advance
payment of USD 335 million in exchange for the delivery of
Talvivaara Sotkamo's entire zinc production until the agreed total
volume of 1,250,000 tonnes of zinc in concentrate has been reached.

Talvivaara Mining
Company plc ("Talvivaara")
filed the application
for initiating corporate reorganisation proceedings under Finnish law
on 15 November 2013. A separate filing was made for its operating
subsidiary, Talvivaara Sotkamo.

To support the reorganisation of Talvivaara, Nyrstar entered into a
loan and streaming holiday agreement (the "Streaming Holiday
Agreement") with Talvivaara and Talvivaara Sotkamo on 1 April
2014. The agreement contained a holiday (i.e., a release of supply
obligations) under the Zinc Streaming Agreement and the provision
of an up to EUR 20 million loan facility from Nyrstar (the "Nyrstar
Facility") with drawings tied to deliveries of zinc. At the same time
Talvivaara provided a guarantee for the amounts borrowed under the
Zinc Streaming Agreement.
Nyrstar was entitled to declare that the
loan be payable on demand by Talvivaara in its capacity as guarantor.

During the reorganisation proceedings, Talvivaara Sotkamo
drew
down EUR 12.8 million in loans from Nyrstar under the Nyrstar
Facility (including interest through October 2014, the "Nyrstar
Facility Claim").
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Following a period of zinc deliveries the outstanding amount under
the Zinc Streaming Agreement was approx. EUR 203 million
guaranteed by Talvivaara (the "Zinc Stream Claim", and together with
the Nyrstar Facility Claim, the "Claims"). Note that this is not a claim
for cash, but reflective of an entitlement to delivery of zinc
concentrate. Talvivaara created a provision in the amount of the claim.
On 6 November 2014 Talvivaara Sotkamo was forced to file for
bankruptcy due to a lack of funding.
In the restructuring that
followed,
it became clear that creditors would have to take almost a full haircut
(see on the restructuring and the haircut that was proposed for
example Talvivaara's press release of 13 March 2015)
Further to the announcement that the Finnish State, through the state
-
owned company
Terrafame Mining Oy ("Terrafame"), and Audley
Capital Advisors LLP on 12 March 2015
ha
d
entered into a
conditional asset purchase agreement on Talvivaara Sotkamo mining
operations, Nyrstar proceeded to impairment of
the value of the zinc
streaming agreement
(press release of 13 March 2015)
On
13 March 2015, the administrator filed the final draft restructuring
programme for Talvivaara to the district court of Espoo. The
administrator identified EUR 513 million of debt to be restructured in
the reorganisation proceedings (the "Restructuring Debt"), of which
EUR 508 million is considered unsecured. The programme proposed
a 99% haircut on the unsecured Restructuring Debt, with 1% of the
amount of such debt to be repaid. Alternatively, creditors could swap
their claims into equity, diluting current
shareholders by up to 70%.
The administrator's draft restructuring programme was supported by
97.5% of the unsecured creditors participating in the voting.
Nyrstar's
streaming agreement was not a debt but a physical delivery obligation
by Talvivaara.
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The annual general meeting of Talvivaara held on 25 June 2015
authorised the board of directors to issue of up to 4.5bn
new shares to
conduct the conversion of the unsecured Restructuring Debt into
equity. The subscription price of the shares was EUR 0.1144, paid by
setting off the subscriber's unsecured Restructuring Debt claim.

The confirmation and entry into force of the final draft restructuring
programme required within two years from the date it was filed with
the district court that (i) Talvivaara reaches an agreement with
Terrafame under which it has the right to participate in the mining
operations or that a different arrangement is found that secures the
continuation of Talvivaara's operations and (ii) the debt
-to
-equity
swap is completed and new shares have been registered in the trade
register.

In August 2015, Terrafame
acquired the assets of Talvivaara Sotkamo
in August 2015 and the State of Finland reserved EUR 209
million
for
the re
-start of the mining operations. Talvivaara provided
administrative and technical services and was leasing certain critical
machinery and equipment to Terrafame. In parallel
,
it was in
negotiations with the state of Finland and potential investors with the
target of securing a participation in the mining operations.

Houlihan Lokey was retained at this time as a financial advisor by
Nyrstar Sales and Marketing AG to conduct a process for the disposal
by Nyrstar of claims amounting to EUR 12.8
million
(bridge
financing under the Nyrstar Facility/Streaming Holiday Agreement)
and EUR 203.4
million
(termination sum under the Zinc Streaming
Agreement, reflecting the Zinc Stream Claim referred to above
and
hence guaranteed by Talvivaara under the company guarantee
referred to above
)
The intercreditor arrangements resulted in the
claim
for the termination sum
being subordinate, and there was
insufficient liquidity within Talvivaara to
cover the claim under the
#
Questions
Answers
Nyrstar facility. Please also be referred to the press release of
Talvivaara on 7 December 2015:
"The liability of the Company under the Streaming Agreement is
based on the guarantee issued by the Company for the due
payment by its former subsidiary Talvivaara Sotkamo of the
termination sum amounting to EUR 203.4 million and payable
upon premature termination of the Streaming Agreement.
However, due to inter
-creditor arrangements, the view of
Talvivaara and the administrator of the corporate reorganisation
proceedings of Talvivaara is that the Company cannot make any
payments in relation to the termination sum if full payment has
not been made to the Company's lenders having receivables with
a higher ranked priority. Furthermore, upon the bankruptcy of
Talvivaara Sotkamo, Nyrstar has been entitled to declare that all
or part of the loans drawn by Talvivaara Sotkamo from Nyrstar
under the Streaming Holiday Agreement (in total ca. EUR 12.8
million) shall be payable on demand by Talvivaara in its capacity
as the guarantor. If the new holder of the receivable under the
Streaming Holiday Agreement was to demand immediate
repayment of such loans guaranteed by the Company, the
Company would not currently have sufficient cash reserves or
access to additional liquidity to make the required payment.
"

On 30 November 2015, Nyrstar assigned all its rights under the Zinc
Streaming Agreement with Talvivaara Sotkamo to Winttal Oy, which
became
a subsidiary of the Terrafame Group, for a total amount of
3.8M EUR received by Nyrstar. At the same time, all the rights
relating to the Loan
Facility
and Streaming Holiday Agreement with
both Talvivaara companies, Sotkamo and Mining Company Plc, were
assigned to Winttal Oy. The assignment deed was effective 30
November 2015. The rights held by the Terrafame Group subsidiary
were
guaranteed by Talvivaara Mining Company Plc under the terms
of the Streaming Agreement and the Streaming Holiday Agreement.
# Questions Answers
The assignment of Nyrstar's rights was intended to recover some
limited value to Nyrstar and also to close out what had been a long
and disappointing process for Nyrstar.
21. Which entity and which persons were involved in the creation of Winttal
Oy? Who were the directors and managers of Winttal
Oy prior to the sale
in December 2015? What was the review and approval process that
enabled the transfer of Talvivaara's rights and guarantees
from Nyrstar
Sales & Marketing AG to Winttal Oy? Who approved the transfer of these
rights and warranties and represented Nyrstar
in the transfer? Who
approved the sale price for the transfer of Winttal Oy? Who approved the
sale of these rights and guarantees to Terrafame Group Ltd. in December
2015?
Please see the answer to the previous question. Nyrstar received financial
advice on this matter from Houlihan Lokey and legal advice from Lindfors
& Co Attorneys and Avance Attorneys, both based in Finland. This
negotiation was conducted by the Nyrstar finance and corporate
development teams with input from the Nyrstar legal department under
the supervision of Mr. Heinz Eigner, Nyrstar's CFO at the time
and of the
Board of Directors of Nyrstar NV.
22. Nyrstar amortized the Zinc in Concentrate Purchase Agreement one day
after an offer for Talvivaara's assets was made in mid-March 2015 by the
UK-based Audley Consortium. Was this write-down approved by
Nyrstar's Board of Directors for approximately €200 million? Nyrstar
submitted an amended version of the 2014 annual report to recognise the
impairment in 2014 instead of 2015. Eventually, the Audley Consortium
deal was terminated. Has a reversal of the impairment been considered by
the Board of Directors? Subsequently, Trafigura entered into a purchase
agreement with Terrafame and Galena Asset Management. Were
Terrafame's raw material flows handled by Nyrstar
in 2017 to 2019? If so,
under what conditions? If so, who was involved in the negotiations and
who signed contracts?
At 13 March 2015 the Company reviewed the prospects of recovering its
zinc streaming agreement
with Talvivaara and confirmed that it had
impaired the value of the agreement. The post-tax impairment charge was
estimated to be approximately EUR 210 million.
At 26 March 2015 the Company announced that the Board of Directors
had considered the guidance
provided by IAS 10 "Events after the
reporting period" and concluded that whilst there was no obligation to
adjust the 2014 accounts due to the comprehensive disclosure already
included, it was more appropriate to reflect the non-cash impairment of
the Zinc Streaming Agreement in the 2014 accounts.
The Company had amended and reissued its 31 December 2014
consolidated financial statements to reflect the non-cash impairment of
the Zinc Streaming Agreement and as a consequence the 2015 accounts
remained unaffected by the impairment of the Zinc Streaming Agreement.
The impairment of EUR 210 million, as well as the reissued 31 December
2014 consolidated financial statements were approved by the Board of
Directors. You can see in the actual 31 December 2014 Report of the
Board of Directors ex article 119 Company Code that contains the 31
# Questions Answers
December 2014 consolidated financial statements were signed on behalf
of the Board of Directors by Julien de Wilde (Chairman) and Ray Stewart
(Director).
The Company (and the Board of Directors) did not reverse the impairment
following the termination of the agreement between the
Finish state and
Audley Capital Advisors LLP, as it did not have any impact on the
recoverability of the Company's Zinc Streaming Agreement.
Nyrstar did not "handle" the raw material flows of Terrafame Ltd. Nyrstar
was a customer of Terrafame buying from Terrafame
zinc concentrates.
The commercial agreements between Nyrstar and Terrafame were
concluded in the normal course of business by Nyrstar's commercial team.
The Talvivaara mine was acquired in 2015 by Finish government owned
Terrafame Limited due to bankruptcy proceedings concerning Talvivaara
Sotkamo, the wholly owned operating subsidiary of Talvivaara.
Talvivaara Sotkamo ran into financial difficulties due to: (i)
environmental incidents; (ii) production problems; and (iii) a fall in the
price of nickel.
Having taken ownership in August 2015, Terrafame restarted the mining
and processing operations at the project. In February 2017, Terrafame
announced a financing arrangement of EUR 250 million for the
finalisation of the project ramp-up with the Trafigura Group and Galena
Asset Management (Galena Private Equity Resources Fund), with the
Terrafame Group and Sampo plc as co-investors. The transaction had no
connection to Nyrstar.
23. What was the content of the so-called "Short Form Lock-Up Agreement"
of 18 March 2019 and who were the parties to this agreement? Was
Nyrstar
NV
involved in the negotiation of this agreement? Please provide
us with this agreement (including any annexes).
This agreement was dated 22 March 2019 and was between Nyrstar NV,
Nyrstar Netherlands (Holdings) B.V., Nyrstar Sales & Marketing AG,
Trafigura Pte Ltd, and six
Bondholders. The agreement documented the
in-principle agreement to support a financial restructuring of the Nyrstar
Group on the terms set out in the term sheet attached to the agreement.
Morgan Stanley, Alvarez
& Marsal
and Freshfields
Bruckhaus Deringer
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advised Nyrstar NV in the negotiations of this agreement. Within Nyrstar,
the negotiations were actively attended/monitored by the legal team and
actively supervised by the Board.
The bank creditors were not yet
involved
as parties to this document
and the agreement captured the
progress in the negotiations,
a waiver of any events of default by the
creditors involved
and an agreement to work toward a long form lock-up
for a restructuring based on the term sheet. It terminated 31 March,
extendable to 14 April
2019.
We further note that, in accordance with Belgian company law, the right
of shareholders to ask questions with respect to items on the agenda of the
meeting, does not involve the right to receive certain documents. The
Company therefore has no obligation to share the Short Form Lock-up
Agreement.
24. Why did Nyrstar NV
apparently only start using "classical cash flow
metrics of funds from operations and free cash flow" in July 2018 when
the new CFO, Michel Abaza, was appointed? After all, such a system is
indispensable for financial monitoring and decision-making in a company
like the Nyrstar group. How was the free cash flow and financial
monitoring organised within NYRSTAR for the implementation of this
system? Who was responsible for the financial follow-up? Why was
Michel Abaza fired on 18 January 2019 only every six
months after the
introduction of the aforementioned system, which was, however, praised
by Hilmar Rode during the investor call?
As disclosed in the 30 June 2018 press release, Funds From Operations
(FFO) is a measure used by management to assess the performance
of
Nyrstar's
operations and is defined as Group Underlying EBITDA less
working capital movements, capital expenditure, tax and other cash flow
(excluding changes in silver, copper and Zinc Metal prepays). While this
cash-flow metric was specifically reported for the first time by the
Company in the 30 June 2018 press release, it is nothing more than a
different aggregation of the cash flow information that the Company had
always had available and reported in its cash flow statements. The
Company has
always, and especially in 2018, monitored its cash flows
very closely. This was done
by Nyrstar's treasury team.
In the written Q&A
for the shareholders meeting
of 25 June 2019, Nyrstar
already answered this question as follows: "As announced on 3 May 2018,
Nyrstar undertook a thorough search process and appointed Mr Michel
Abaza as CFO for the group in the ordinary course of business. Following
the start of the Capital Structure Review and in the context of the evolving
situation the Board considered that Mr Abaza did not have the most
# Questions Answers
appropriate skills. We confirm that this was a unanimous decision by the
Board.
Mr Abaza received no severance payment."
25. How did the so-called liquidity run take place in the 4th quarter of 2018,
which parties made what demands/actions that would have led to the so
called liquidity run?
As explained in the shareholders' meetings
of 25 June,
5 November and
9 December 2019,
a number of events contributed to the situation: the
profit warning of 20 September 2018, the Q3 2018 results
released on 30
October 2018, the ratings downgrade, the stock price and bond prices
falling and, very impactful, the ABN Amro 'Abandon Ship' report. As a
result, an increasing number of counterparties demanded immediate
cancellation, immediate payment (i.e., no payment terms)
or cash
collateralization of their exposure to Nyrstar.
In particular, the
uncommitted letter of credit lines from banking counterparties decreased
by almost EUR 100 million between 31 October 2018 and 30 November
2018. Additionally, several suppliers tightened credit terms with the
Company including suppliers of concentrates, oxide washing, industrial
cleaning services etc. who have denied extended credit terms and in some
cases
requested payment on delivery or prepayments
Such demands themselves motivated even more counterparties to seek to
reduce their exposure to Nyrstar, thereby causing a rapid
"liquidity run".
As a result, within a short time following the results announcement, the
Company was forced to address an impending cash shortfall.
The unexpected nature of all of this is also demonstrated by the fact that
Jesus Fernandez as a Trafigura appointed director bought 15,000 Nyrstar
shares in June 2018 and Hilmar Rode as CEO purchased 100,000 shares
during August 2018. As required, these purchases were declared as insider
trades to the FSMA.
26. Please explain in detail the decision-making and underlying motivation of
the board of directors when issuing the profit warning in 2018.
The profit warning that was issued by Nyrstar on 20 September 2018 was
necessitated by a disconnect which became evident in the market's
consensus expectations for Nyrstar Q3 2018 and H2 2018 financial results
against the preliminary and forecast figures that were becoming available
to the Company and its board of directors.
# Questions Answers
External market conditions at the time, including the zinc price coupled
with historically low zinc treatment charges, were the primary drivers.
The
zinc price at the time of the profit warning had come off by 25%
compared to the average in H1 2018. Broadly, at the time of the profit
warning, on the basis of the reduced metal prices alone compared to H1
2018, Nyrstar was generating around EUR 20 million less EBITDA every
month. The impact of the lower zinc price was also magnified because of
the longer dated Quotation Periods that Nyrstar currently had on a number
of commercial agreements at the time. Other factors included energy
prices at the time which, for example, in the Benelux region were up by
more than 40% compared to their average in H1 2018.
The Company also has to respect its obligations under the Market Abuse
Regulation.
27. Was the profit warning really required in 2018, and if so, was this not
foreseeable at the end of August, when the board of directors was still
very positive about the future of Nyrstar? In the first 15 days of September
2018, the Spot Zinc Treatment Charge started to rise and this never
stopped in 2020. The spot zinc price also rose rapidly since mid-August
2018, while there was at least a prepayment of \$3000 per tonne. Did the
Board of
Directors take these recent positive movements in the market
into account before issuing the profit warning on 20 September 2018?
As explained above, the impact of lower zinc prices and higher energy
prices only really became apparent at around the time of the profit warning
announcement on 20 September 2018. In full compliance with the Market
Abuse Regulation, Nyrstar disclosed its inside information with regards
to the weaker than expected financial results as soon as possible. The
profit warning was based on actual preliminary results (and not forecasts
as to what market conditions might have looked like later in 2018).
It is worth noting that during August 2018, Nyrstar's management and its
board members did not have any inside information to suggest that a profit
warning would be required
or that a liquidity run would happen.
On 21
September 2018, the Company had bought back bonds on the market,
benefiting from bond prices at that time, for a total amount of EUR
10,000,000.
This is again
demonstrated by the fact that Jesus Fernandez as a Trafigura
appointed director bought 15,000 Nyrstar shares in June 2018 and Hilmar
# Questions Answers
Rode as CEO purchased 100,000 shares during August 2018. As required,
these purchases were declared as trades by insiders
to the FSMA.
28. Before the publication of certain figures in 2018, did the board of directors
consider whether a liquidity run could occur and analyse how this could
be prevented, as well as how it could prepare Nyrstar NV
to cope with
such a liquidity run?
On 20 September 2018, the Company announced that it was likely to
record an Underlying EBITDA result for H2 2018 materially below that
achieved in H1 2018. The profit warning as such did not already have an
immediate adverse impact on liquidity and cash flow forecasts and at this
stage, the liquidity position of the Group was perceived to be adequate at
that time as announced by the Group.
Following the profit warning
however, the Board in October did
initiate a review of its capital structure,
the purpose was to explore the various options available to address the
upcoming debt maturities in mid-to-late 2019, specifically in respect of
the EUR 340 million 2019 Notes in September 2019. Again, at this stage,
the liquidity position of the Group was still forecast
to be adequate
for
Nyrstar's working capital needs and short-term financing. It was only
later, following the Q3 2018 results and credit ratings downgrade, and
particularly following the ABN Abandon Ship report, that an increasing
number of counterparties demanded immediate cancellation or cash
collateralisation of their exposure to Nyrstar, as was already explained
during the shareholders' meeting of 25 June 2019.
29. Why was Morgan Stanley appointed for a Review of the Balance Sheet
Structure, when the same Morgan Stanley cancelled the price target of
Nyrstar NV
on 24 October 2018, after which Nyrstar NV
lost 25% market
value in one fell swoop?
Morgan Stanley's debt restructuring team was selected on the basis of
credentials and experience. There are Chinese walls between the equity
analyst departments
and the investment banking departments that are
heavily regulated.
30. Mike Corner-Jones (Managing Director at Alvarez & Marsal Europe LLP,
Head of Company Side Restructuring (UK)) was appointed Chief
Restructuring Officer and Chairman of Nyrstar's Capital Structure Review
process in November 2018. What was the process to recruit a Chief
Restructuring Officer and who approved the appointment of Mr. Corner
Jones? What was Mike Corner-Jones' official contractual relationship
with Alvarez & Marsal, Nyrstar and Trafigura for the period September
2018 to June 2020? Has anyone from Nyrstar been offered or
offered a
job at Alvarez & Marsal for the period September 2018 to June 2020?
As was explained in the Q&A session at the 5 November 2019
shareholders' meeting, Nyrstar considered it prudent and necessary to
obtain additional support to assist with cash management, financial
oversight and more generally in respect of the Capital Structure Review.
The board of directors examined a short list of possible candidates and
companies that could be suitable. This led to the appointment of Mr.
Corner-Jones (a managing director at Alvarez & Marsal Europe LLP
(A&M)) as Chief Restructuring Officer, supported by a financial advisory
Questions Answers
# team from A&M, to work closely with the Group and effectively work as
interim employees in the Group on a full-time basis. This was fully
necessary. Since then and up until the completion of the restructuring, he
and various colleagues from A&M worked closely with the Boards and
management of Nyrstar NV and Nyrstar Sales & Marketing AG (in
particular) to try to stabilise the Nyrstar business and operations during
the Capital Structure Review and were closely involved in Nyrstar's
discussions with its financial and commercial stakeholders during the
restructuring process. A&M assisted in the development of more detailed
weekly cash flow forecasts, reporting into the Board and a special
committee thereof, such that liquidity was closely monitored.
Mike Corner-Jones is an employee of Alvarez & Marsal. At Nyrstar, Mike
Corner-Jones assumed the role of Chief Restructuring Officer; however,
he remained an employee of Alvarez & Marsal and was at no time an
employee of Nyrstar. We are not aware of any contractual relationship
between Mike Corner-Jones and Trafigura.
We are not aware of anyone that was an employee of Nyrstar at the time
of the restructuring being offered a job at Alvarez & Marsal in the period
from September 2018 to June 2020.
31. Why were negotiations for the upfront payment for the supply of 175,000
MT of zinc in 2019 to Trafigura only started in early September 2018
(according to the Commissioner), when it was contractually foreseen that
the parties would seek an agreement by 15 August 2018 at the latest?
Finally, it was only on 21 November 2018 (as part of the TFFA) that it
was agreed that the prepayment would amount to USD 220 million. This
liquidity would have been available as early as the end of August 2018,
had the directors and managers of Nyrstar NV
and Trafigura started
negotiations on this matter in good time.
Trafigura and Nyrstar had agreed in their commercial agreements to make
reasonable efforts to agree on the terms and conditions for the prepayment
of lead and zinc deliveries in 2019 by 15 August 2018; there was no
obligation on Trafigura to provide such prepayments.
As stated
previously, at the end of October 2018, the Group had extensive liquidity
available prior to the unexpected liquidity crisis in November 2018. The
USD 220 million agreement dated 21 November 2018 was agreed as a
liquidity bridge to the USD 650 million Trade Finance Facility Agreement
dated 6 December 2018. The USD 650 million TFFA replaced the USD
# Questions Answers
250 million TWCF and increased the funds available by USD 400m. The
USD 650 million TFFA replaced the USD 250 million Trafigura Working
Capital Facility
and increased the funds available by USD 400m. This
had to be agreed quickly when the unexpected liquidity crisis arose in
November 2018.
32. Who negotiated the prepayment for the supply of 175,000 MT of zinc to
Trafigura in 2019 and who was responsible for this?
The negotiation was undertaken by Mr. Michel Abaza (CFO) and Mr.
Hilmar Rode (CEO).
33. Why did the Board decide to enter into
the binding term sheet for TFFA
on 21 November 2018 and TFFA
on 6 December 2018 when it still had
the following sources of funding at its disposal?
The available funding you refer to in your question is a snapshot
at the
wrong
date. It does not accurately reflect the liquidity needs that gave rise
to the binding term sheet and the TFFA, as can be seen from the overview
below:
(i)
The SCTF
financing with a capacity of EUR 600 million, of
which only EUR 229 million had been drawn as of 30 September
2018.
(ii)
The Trafigura Working Capital Facility for an amount of EUR
216 million that could still be drawn down in full.
(iii)Financing by KBC for an amount of EUR 50 million of which
EUR 32 million was drawn as at 30 September 2018.
(iv)
In total, Nyrstar therefore had the possibility to withdraw up to
€605 million of liquidity from Trafigura and the banks as of 30

The SCTF credit facility was drawn on 31 October 2018 for EUR
436 million
and at 30 November 2018 for EUR 533.4 million
(out
of the EUR 563 million available at that time). As at 29 March
2019, as much as EUR 606 million had been drawn under this
facility, resulting in Nyrstar exceeding the credit limit of EUR 600
million. Also, by its nature, drawable amounts depended on the
valuation of the borrowing base, which fluctuated.
September 2018.
Although the USD 250 million Working Capital Facility granted
by Trafigura had not yet been drawn on 30 September 2018, there
was no real
need for liquidity at that date. It was only thereafter that
Nyrstar's liquidity position deteriorated significantly
as explained
before, resulting in the need for a (very) much larger credit. It was
precisely for this reason that Nyrstar negotiated a renewal and
expansion of the facility with Trafigura, which shortly afterwards
led to the TFFA.
(Actually, to add detail, Nyrstar had already
requested a larger credit from Trafigura and negotiating in this
respect were accelerated under extreme time pressure.)
Nyrstar
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immediately made use of the TFFA. As of 29 March 2019, 645
million USD of the 650 million USD limit had already been drawn.
This credit was later found to be insufficient, so that the company
again had to enter into the bridge financing agreement with
Trafigura for USD 250 million.

Although Nyrstar had not yet drawn the EUR 50 million credit of
KBC to which you refer, it had already drawn in full several other
bank credits (including other KBC credits).
The KBC credit has
been drawn in the week of 9 November
2018.
The overall credit
position was therefore unsustainable in view of the ever
deteriorating cash flows.
34. Who conducted the negotiations for the conclusion of the binding term
sheet and the TFFA on behalf of Nyrstar and Trafigura respectively?
For Nyrstar, the executive management and the relevant Boards of
Directors who entered into the TFFA were involved
and
supervised,
supported by employees reporting to the Board.
Negotiations were also
conducted with the help of Nyrstar's financial and legal advisers. For
Trafigura, negotiations were mostly conducted through financial and legal
advisors.
35. On what date was the proposal for the acquisition of the Nyrstar group by
Trafigura first made and by whom was it proposed?
On
16 February 2019, the Board received the first proposal from
Trafigura. This was presented by Trafigura to the bondholders and the
co-ordination committee
on 18 February 2019. The terms of this proposal
were then however not accepted by the bondholders and the co-ordination
committee
(which wanted to take ownership) and further proposals and
counterproposals were circulated thereafter
that were then heavily
negotiated and discussed.
36. Why was the acquisition via a New-Co ultimately used
and not a recovery
of the Nyrstar group under Nyrstar NV
as a holding company? Why were
the creditors not willing/could they not have been willing to
make the
same concessions in a scenario in which the Nyrstar group remained under
the Nyrstar holding company?
The valuation evidence then available showed that the Nyrstar NV equity
had no value, so the financial restructuring was driven by the creditors
with creditors viewing themselves as owners of the assets
(the value
breaking in the bonds). The Nyrstar NV Board negotiated 2% of the
restructured group to be held by Nyrstar NV but that was the most that the
# Questions Answers
creditors were willing to leave with
Nyrstar NV given the financial
and the amount of debt written off.
situation faced by the Group
37. What cash contribution did Trafigura make to NN2 (i) at incorporation,
(ii) for subsequent financing? Through which instruments and in
exchange for which guarantees?
Trafigura did not make a cash, or any other, contribution to NN2 at its
incorporation, nor under any subsequent financings. In as far as your
question relates to the period after 31 July 2019, we do not have this
information.
Nyrstar NV incorporated NN1 on 13 June 2019, and then NN1
incorporated NN2 on 14 June 2019.
NN2 was not a borrower of any subsequent financing provided to the
Operating Group prior to the restructuring completing under the Bridge
Finance Facility Agreement dated 16 April 2019.
38. Which persons were involved in the negotiations on the restructuring and
ultimately the Lock-Up Agreement of Nyrstar NV, on behalf of Nyrstar
and on behalf of Trafigura?
For Nyrstar, the executive management and the relevant Boards of
Directors of the companies that
entered into the Lock-Up Agreement were
involved
and supervised, supported by employees reporting to those
Negotiations
Boards of Directors.
were also
conducted with the help of
Nyrstar's financial and legal advisers
who would brief the Board
throughout the process.
For Trafigura, negotiations were mostly
conducted through financial and legal advisors.
39. When did Jesus Fernandez decide and communicate that he would
represent Trafigura in the restructuring negotiations?
Nyrstar's Board of Directors received a letter dated 24 February 2019
from Mr.
Fernandez in which he tendered his resignation from the board
with immediate effect as he had concluded that it was in the best interest
of the Company and its stakeholders that
he resigns. The resignation was
then communicated by Nyrstar to the market by way of a press release that
was issued before markets opened on 25 February 2019. In the press
release, Nyrstar advised that it was the Company's understanding that Mr.
Fernandez would be representing Trafigura in the negotiations for the
capital review process
(which was not the case before
where Trafigura's
CFO and legal team were in the lead) and that therefore, Mr. Jesus
# Questions Answers
Fernandez had stepped
down that same day as a director of the Company,
with immediate effect, as a result of this decision.
40. Prior to his move to Trafigura, did Jesus Fernandez participate in the
negotiations and decision making on the restructuring and Capital
Structure Review?
Jesus Fernandez did not participate in any decision-making in respect of
transactions with Trafigura in accordance with article 523 of the Belgian
Company Code and the Company's Governance Charter, which went
further
than the law.
In October 2018, following the 20 September profit warning, the full
Board identified the need to examine Nyrstar's capital structure
considering, amongst other matters,
the pending maturity of the bonds.
There was however no preconception as to how that restructuring would
take form nor any decision in this respect. Therefore,
in this period, all of
the Board, including Mr. Fernandez, was involved. (There was also no
decision-making on this at that point.)
Soon after the appointment of advisors in
October, Nyrstar published its
3Q results and then ABN Amro issued its 'abandon ship' analyst report,
each compounding in the liquidity run with both operational and financial
counterparties. Focus then went to liquidity as a priority over the
restructuring and Jesus Fernandez did not participate in the TFFA
decision-making.
Once the TFFA and security under
the TFFA (there were quite a number
of post-closing actions) were
in place,
the focus went to the restructuring
and bondholders and other creditors announced to the company that they
had grouped, appointed advisors and wanted to discuss. A first action of
the creditors was to have their financial advisors conduct a due diligence
of Nyrstar, testing Nyrstar's revised business plan (prepared with EY)
and
examining all key information including the agreements with Trafigura.
Once the financial advisors validated the level of debt that was sustainable
for Nyrstar going forward, negotiations started between creditors as to
# Questions Answers
who would control the assets of Nyrstar going forward. Positions have
ranged between bondholders only, Trafigura only or a joint venture
between both. It was when Trafigura asked Jesus Fernandez to lead those
negotiations that he left the Board. That was on 25 February 2019. At
that date, there had not been any decision-making at Nyrstar level.
41. Has Nyrstar NV
taken any special measures to prevent Jesus Fernandez
from abusing the knowledge of Nyrstar NV
acquired as directors of
Nyrstar NV, in the negotiations on behalf of Trafigura?
We understand your question but there was not really any meaningful
information
on Nyrstar that Jesus Fernandez had in these discussions that
the bondholders and other creditors did not have. During the financial
restructuring discussions and as is customary in such a situation, Nyrstar
gave access to the Group and its financial situation to the various financial
and
legal
advisers
to
the
SCTF
Banks,
to
the
grouped
Bondholder/Noteholders and to Trafigura
at equal footing. All worked on
the basis of the revised business plan (developed with EY)
and the
financial advisors of the bondholders and the bank creditors, FTI and
Moelis, had subjected the Company to an extensive due diligence,
including on its supplier and customer arrangements.
Also, from when he resigned, Mr.
Fernandez was subject to the Belgian
law regime regarding former directors and their knowledge from their
time as a director.
42. What reservations did Grant Thornton make in its reports about the reports
of the independent directors in application of Article
524 of the Belgian
Companies Code with regard to the binding term sheet and the TFFA?
After all, Grant Thornton's reports were
not published. During its
evaluation, did Grant Thornton take into account the disruption of profits
and cash flow as a result of the special conditions granted to Trafigura,
such as the ever-increasing discounts on zinc Treatment Charge compared
to Benchmark Treatment Charge? Please provide us with this report
(including any annexes).
The opinion of the report of the independent directors was published in
accordance with Belgian law. GT opined that the transaction is on terms
not less favourable than might have been obtained in a comparable
transaction at such time on an arm's length basis from a person which is
not an affiliate.
In determining its opinion, GT has, among other things:
reviewed certain publicly available business and historic financial

information relating to the Company;
# Questions Answers
reviewed certain internal financial information and other data

relating to the business and finances of the Company;
conducted discussions with, and relied on statements made by,

members of the senior management of the Company concerning
the business and finances of the Company;
compared the financial terms of the
transaction with the publicly

available financial terms of certain other transactions which it
believed to be generally relevant; and

conducted
such
other
financial
studies,
analyses
and
investigations, and considered such other information, as it
deemed necessary or appropriate.
As such, GT's review comprised inter alia a review of the TFFA and its
term sheet, the board minutes, the cash
-flow forecasts, the advisers'
financial proposal presentation, bridging analysis, regulated information
disclosure, statement of indebtedness, the group security structure,
summary of discussions with third party lenders and an expression of
interest by GSO and a debt comparison table with a summary of key
commercial terms of the group's existing funding agreements.
In
the
opinion, it was
stated that it was not a fairness opinion
It was after
all a report in the context of article 524 BCC.
As per article 524 BCC, the opinion also does not address the relative
merits of the transaction as compared to other business strategies or
transactions that might be available with respect to the Company or the
underlying business decision of the Company to effect the transaction
The opinion also states that GT had not made any independent valuation
or appraisal of the assets or liabilities of the Company.
(GT did not do this
at this time but did this at the time of the restructuring.)
# Questions Answers
The shareholder question right under Belgian law does not extend to
document production.
43. Why did the board of directors of Nyrstar
decide to propose in 2019 to set
the date of the annual meeting at which the financial statements for 2018
had to be submitted for approval and in which the events after the closing
of the financial year (i.e. the negotiations on the restructuring)
had to
be
explained,
by way of an amendment to the articles of association, from
the third Thursday in April (in this case, 18 April 2019 -
five days after
the signing of the Lock-Up Agreement) to the last Tuesday in June (in this
case, 25 June 2019 -
six days after the agreement to transfer the Nyrstar
group to Trafigura would have been entered into?
It was clear to all involved that it would have been impossible to produce
annual accounts, a Board report and an audit report by 19
March
2019,
i.e., 30 days ahead of the annual shareholders' meeting which was set to
be held on 18 April
2019
according to Nyrstar's articles of association.
Indeed, at this point, the lock-up agreement and restructuring itself was
still in full negotiation (there were initial press leaks around 15 March
2019 which led to the press release
of that date).
On 4 April 2019, Nyrstar had therefore obtained the approval of its general
meeting (with more than 98% of the votes cast) to postpone the annual
meeting from the end of April to
the end of June. This postponement
would give Nyrstar time to finalise its 2018 annual results, given the time
that would be needed to complete the restructuring
negotiations
and also
to reflect the impact of the restructuring in accordance with the accounting
rules in the annual accounts.
All this was impossible within the original timeframe. In the end even the
new date of the annual meeting on 25 June 2019 turned out to be too sharp
in the given circumstances.
44. Why did the Board of Directors report to the Annual General Meeting
of
25 June 2019 that the transfer of the Nyrstar Group to NN2 had taken
place, whereas the transfer did not take place until 26 June 2019 (the so
called step 5 of the restructuring) and this transfer on 25 June 2019 was
conditional, in particular, on the total completion of the restructuring,
which did not take place until 31 July 2019?
The NNV-NN1 SPA was signed on 19 June 2019, which was conditional
upon approval of the
Australian
Foreign
Investment Review Board. The
approval came through
on 21 June 2019
(Australian time). Under the
NNV-NN1 SPA, this meant that the condition had been satisfied
and that
the transfer of the shares to NN2 had been agreed.
The closing
was
scheduled 3 Business Days after the date on which the condition was
satisfied. Closing, i.e. the transfer of the shares, therefore took place on 26
# Questions Answers
June 2019.
The transfer was not however conditional upon the completion
of the restructuring.
We reviewed the minutes but do not see where the Board of Directors at
the shareholders meeting
of 25 June 2019
created the impression
that the
effective closing of the transfer had already taken place at that time.
45. In the explanation given to the annual general meeting of 25 June 2019,
the board of directors indicated that immediately after the presentation of
the results of the third quarter 2018 on 30 October 2018, a liquidity crisis
would have occurred with a potential insolvency of Nyrstar NV
as a result.
The Board of Directors refers to its answer provided to the same question
submitted for the 2 June 2020 extraordinary shareholders meeting, which
was also published on the website of the Company:
Consequently, the board of directors was also aware (or should have been
aware), at the latest in the course of November 2018, of the fall in
shareholders' equity below the threshold for the application of the early
warning procedure, since the board of directors of a listed company can
be expected to check the equity position at least once a month, especially
when it concerns a company in financial difficulties. In its report
accompanying the annual accounts for the financial year 2018 and the
draft annual accounts for the financial year 2019, the statutory auditor also
noted that the alarm bell procedure was not applied in time.
"Under Article 633 of the Belgian Companies Code (current Article 7:228
of the Belgian Code of Companies and Associations), if a company's net
asset value is, as a result of losses, reduced to less than half or a quarter
of its share capital, a shareholders' meeting must convene within two
months from the date on which "the losses have been determined or
should have been determined" to discuss the potential winding-up of the
company or the continuation of the company and as the case may be, other
measures. In 2018, the Company faced a liquidity crisis. A liquidity
crisis, does not directly
impact the net assets of a company from an
Why did the board of directors not already apply the alarm bell procedure
when, in November 2018, it became aware of a liquidity crisis which,
according to the board of directors, would potentially result in the
insolvency of the company? Has the board of directors considered
applying the alarm bell procedure? If so, why has it not done so?
accounting perspective and is therefore not sufficient to determine that the
conditions of Article 633 of the Belgian Companies Code were fulfilled.
It is the accounting translation of the outcome of the restructuring
negotiations among creditors, that, once those were valued and
determined, triggered the accounting thresholds of Article 633 of the
Belgian Companies Code."
As stated in the answer to Question A.5 and A.6.,
as
soon as the audit of
the annual accounts for FY'18
was finalised on 27 September 2019, and
the statutory auditor's opinion in this respect was issued, the Board
considered that the audited statutory annual accounts of the Company for
# Questions Answers
the financial year
that ended on 31 December 2018 informed that the
Company's net assets had fallen below one quarter of the Company's
share capital. As a result thereof, the Board immediately convened on 4
October 2018 a shareholders' meeting in accordance with Article 633
of
the Belgian Companies Code on 5 November 2019 on the basis of the final
net asset value as included in the audited FY'18 statutory accounts.
As set out in the Board report in accordance with Article 96 of the Belgian
Companies Code for the financial year ended on 31 December 2018, the
decrease of net assets was due to the impairment of the Company's
financial fixed assets or EUR 1,220,025,000 as the outcome of the
Restructuring.
46. Has the Board of Directors been questioned by Deloitte Bedrijfsrevisoren
in connection with the non-timely application of the alarm procedure?
The application of the alarm procedure was timely. We refer to the answer
provided under the previous question.
47. Has the Board of Directors been questioned
by Deloitte Bedrijfsrevisoren
in application of Article 138 of the Belgian Companies Code and how has
the Board of Directors reacted to this?
Deloitte indeed questioned the Board of Directors on article 138 of the
Belgian Companies Code. It did so in full reference to information made
public by the Company
(so there were no elements in such notice that were
not previously disclosed by the Company to the market). The Company
reacted with a letter to Deloitte explaining all the measures that it was
taking to safeguard liquidity and, more structurally, to address its balance
sheet going forward. It also regularly updated Deloitte on the status of the
restructuring discussions.
48. In what manner
did the firm Duff & Phelps (D&P), which at the request
of the independent directors within the framework of article 524 of the
Belgian Companies Code, value the Nyrstar group at zero? Did it take
sufficiently into
account the
future revenues and expected free cash flow
from operations? Was the Discounted Cash Flow method used, and if so,
at what discount rate? Please provide us with this report (including any
annexes).
The valuation performed by Duff & Phelps ("D&P") was based on an
adjusted balance sheet approach. Specifically, D&P started with
subsidiary balance sheets provided by Management. These balance sheets
were adjusted to convert book values of certain assets and liabilities to
Fair Values, resulting in an indicated equity value for each subsidiary.
After all, at the time of the transfer, a significant increase in zinc treatment
charges
was expected, one of the most important parameters determining
the profitability of a zinc smelter such as Nyrstar, and this increase
actually occurred. At the same time, the necessary investments were
expected to decrease significantly in the coming years as the conversion
of Port Pirie was finalised, the Myra Falls mine had just been thoroughly
serviced and major investment programmes had been carried out in the
other sites of the Group. All this was expected to significantly reduce the
need for CapEx. Indeed, the combination of a significant increase in zinc
treatment charges and a significant reduction in capital expenditure in the
coming years should have led to an increase in EBITDA and positive cash
flow and a significantly higher valuation of Nyrstar, based on the most
relevant valuation methods (e.g. using the Discounted Free Cash Flow
method or based on EBITDA-CapEx multiples).
The balance sheets provided by Management include value associated
with property, plant and equipment; intangible assets, deferred tax assets
and liabilities and other operating assets and liabilities. These assets only
have value to the company to the extent that they are able to help Nyrstar
generate cashflow in the future. In order to estimate the Fair Value of these
assets and liabilities, D&P has therefore prepared valuations of the
company's operations. The Fair Value of these operations has then been
recorded as a single line item in each balance sheet. D&P prepared
separate cash flow estimates for all operating sites and support entities.
In preparing the cash flow forecasts D&P relied on operating forecasts
provided by Management. In estimating commodity price forecasts, D&P
relied primarily on estimates prepared by bank analysts focused on the
metals and mining industries. D&P relied on inflation and exchange rate
forecasts as provided by HIS Global Insight, a division of Standard &
Poor's. D&P has also performed a detailed calculation to determine an
individual discount rate for each Nyrstar entity.
The operating forecasts provided by management to D&P were based on
the "Latest Thinking Forecast" ("LTF") that was prepared by the
Company with the assistance of its advisors (including the detailed model
prepared with the assistance of EY). and was reviewed in detail by the
advisors of the bondholders and by the advisors of the banks. The LTF
was a bottom up business forecast prepared based on the detailed inputs
from all Nyrstar sites.
In addition to the D&P valuation, Grant Thornton ("GT") has also
prepared its own independent valuation (as a part of the Art. 524
procedures). GT has applied the discounted cash flow method, together
with the market approach (specifically EV/EBITDA multiples) in forming

# Questions Answers

# Questions Answers
their view on the equity value of the Company. Finally we note, that a
reduction in capital expenditure does not have any impact on EBITDA.
49. How were the results prior to the transfer of the Nyrstar group to NN2
delineated? Has particular attention been paid to the correct delimitation
of the results to the period after the transfer and thus to NN2? Has
particular attention been paid to the valuation of inventories, and plant and
buildings in this context? Have specific experts been appointed to value
these items? Did Deloitte carry out specific audit work on this? If specific
experts have valued these items and/or Deloitte has performed audit work,
please provide us with the findings of the experts and Deloitte.
Nyrstar applied IFRS for the consolidated financial reporting and Belgian
GAAP for its statutory reporting. Both IFRS as well as Belgian GAAP
require the accruals accounting principle to
be applied when preparing the
relevant financial statements. As such, Nyrstar has always applied the
accruals principle accounting.
Nyrstar did not do any "delineation" of the results. Nyrstar NV did dispose
the assets that, as a result of the restructuring, have been transferred to
Trafigura at 31 July 2019 when the restructuring was completed. There
was no specific expert report that would
be
required for the disposal
accounting by Nyrstar NV. Nyrstar NV also did not need to value or
revalue any inventories as Nyrstar NV does not own any significant
inventories. Deloitte did audit the disposal of Nyrstar NV's investments
resulting from the restructuring as a part of their 31 December 2019 audit.
We note that Nyrstar was not required to prepare the 31 December 2019
under IFRS, as confirmed by the FSMA to the Company
and
to Mr.
Vansanten, who has raised this question, on 1 June 2020.
We also note that the Company already disclosed in the 30 June 2019
Consolidated financial statements published at 6 December 2019 that it
will not prepare the 31 December 2019 consolidated financial statement
and will instead prepare only the 31 December 2019 statutory financial
statements prepared under Belgium GAAP. The disclosure is copied here:
"Under article 110 of the Belgian Companies Code, a parent company
that controls or more subsidiaries is required to prepare consolidated
financial statements, unless such subsidiaries have, in view of the
consolidated assets, financial position or results that are only of a
# Questions Answers
negligible significance. Given as at 31 December 2019 Nyrstar NV is not
expected to control any significant subsidiary, the Company currently
expects that it will not be required to prepare the consolidate financial for
the year ending 31 December 2019. In accordance with article 12, §3,
final paragraph, of the Royal Decree of 14 November 2007, Nyrstar NV
will prepare the standalone statutory financial statements prepared in
accordance with the Belgian GAAP and will have them audited by its
statutory auditors."
50. When the H1 results were published last year, they were mentioned in the
accompanying press release:
"Group underlying EBITDA1 of
EUR
3 million for H1
2019, a decrease of
EUR
117 million on H12018,
primarily due to reduced availability of raw materials
In H1 2019 Nyrstar's liquidity situation required a very tight management
of its working capital. This
has resulted in the deferral or even cancellation
of various raw material shipments to feed the Nyrstar smelters resulting
in the smelters running at
lower than full capacity.
caused by liquidity constraints as the Company completed
its balance sheet restructuring and consequently reduced
metal and by-product production, lower commodity
prices, a sustained unplanned stoppage of the blast
furnace and TSL furnace at Port Pirie in Q2 2019 and the
negative impact of metal at risk which was not hedged
between March 2019 and June 2019.

Metals Processing underlying EBITDA of
EUR
10
million, down
EUR
108 million year-on-year

Mining underlying EBITDA of
EUR
17 million, down
The reference to the "lower raw material prices" refers to the raw material
prices, not to treatment charges. As reported at 29 November 2019 in the
H1 2019 press release, all main prices to which Nyrstar had an exposure
were lower in H1 2019 vs H1 2018. Average zinc price in H1 2019 was
USD 2,732/t vs USD 3,268/t in H1 2018, average lead price in H1
2019
was USD 1,962/t vs USD 2,456/t in H1 2018,
average silver price in H1
2019 was USD 15.23/oz vs USD 16.65/oz in H1 2018 and average gold
price in H1 2019 was USD 1,307/oz vs USD 1,319/oz in H1 2018.
EUR
11 million year-on-year

Loss for H12019 was
EUR
207 million, comprising
of
EUR
38 million from continuing operations and
EUR
169 million from discontinued operations"
The Company is not aware of the closure of the "forward contracts"
at
USD 3,000/t that you are referring to:
"How were the zinc 'forward
contracts' for 2019 and 2020 settled at 3,000 USD/tonne and how was the
benefit reported in accounting terms?"
# Questions Answers
This is particularly noteworthy as a significant increase in EBITDA was
expected due to the increase in zinc treatment costs and the reference
benchmark which rose from 147 in 2018 to 245 in 2019, with spot prices
rising even more. However, Nyrstar recorded a loss of 207 million, against
all possible trends, forecasts and expectations.
Why was the availability of raw materials reduced?
What is meant by "Lower raw material prices"? As we know, spot TC
costs have risen to an 11-year high, which should have been to Nyrstar's
advantage.
How were the zinc 'forward contracts' for 2019 and 2020 settled at 3,000
USD/tonne and how was the benefit reported in accounting terms?
51. What is the total cost borne by the Nyrstar group within the framework of
the restructuring and the Capital Structure Review, including, but not
limited to, the costs of the consultants: Morgan Stanley, Mike Corner
Jones, Alvarez & Marsal, Freshfields Bruckhaus
Deringer, Grant
Thornton, Deloitte, Quinz
and Duff
& Phelps?
As explained during the shareholders meeting
of 25 June 2019, the
Company held a competitive tendering process for the appointment of the
service providers. These fees and expenses include, among others, the
professional service fees for various legal, financial and restructuring
advisers in multiple jurisdictions. The total professional fees and costs
paid for the restructuring of the Nyrstar group amounted to approximately
EUR 78 million. This figure represents approximately 3% of the total of
EUR 2.6 billion of debt that was restructured, and it allowed us to save
over
4,000
Nyrstar jobs, of
which over 575 were in Belgium. All of the
fees and costs related to the restructuring have
been paid by various
companies within the Nyrstar group and these fees were economically
borne by creditors for the benefit of all stakeholders.
As was advised in response to a question at the shareholders' meeting on
5 November 2019, it is usual in the context of a restructuring event for the
# Questions Answers
group of companies being restructured to pay all of the various
professional costs and fees related to the restructuring activities.
52. How much did the members of the Board of Directors and the managers
receive in compensation (regardless of form) for their performance in the
financial year 2019?
Please see the remuneration report for FY 2019 which was published on
the Nyrstar website on 12 February 2020. Page 8 of the report shows that
in FY 2019, the Chief Executive Officer received total compensation of
EUR 3.13 million and the other members of the management committee
received a total compensation of EUR 3.91 million.
53. There are serious concerns
about the large difference in consolidated
equity
as at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2018. As at 31
December 2017, consolidated shareholders' equity still stood at 659.8
million euro, and by 31 December 2018 it had fallen to 182.1 million euro.
The question arises whether the figures as at 31 December 2017 were too
rosy, or whether the figures as at 31 December 2018 were too pessimistic.
Without being exhaustive, questions are raised in particular with regard
to subsequent bookings as at 31 December 2018:
The recognition of deferred tax assets and its recoverability assessment is
performed by legal entity of the Group. As disclosed in the 31 December
2018 group financial statements, the majority of the Nyrstar Group's
deferred tax assets related to the available tax losses in Nyrstar Sales &
Marketing AG (NSM). Swiss tax law allows for a seven year carry
forward period for tax losses. The Group's Swiss subsidiary was the
principal entity for the Metals Processing segment, and as such was
responsible for raw material purchases and sales of the Group's products
including but not limited to inventory management and supply chain
operations. Therefore, the profitability of the Swiss subsidiary was closely
linked to the performance of the Group's Metals Processing segment.
As at 31 December 2018 Nyrstar based the assessment of the
recoverability of the deferred tax assets by NSM on the evaluation of
updated forecasts (LTF as referred in the previous answer) of NSM. Based
on the LTF (that included latest macroeconomic assumptions, the latest
operating assumption including the latest estimates of the ramp up of the
Port Pirie Redevelopment project to full capacity by the second half of
2019) that was reviewed in details by the advisors of the bondholders and
the lenders it was determined that it is probable that a lower level of
taxable profit will be generated in the future by NSM against which fewer
tax losses can be utilised before they expire over the next five years. The
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First, it appears that the board of directors has recognised
deferred tax assets in the consolidated financial statements for
respectively 343 million euros in 2016 and 332.1 million
euros in 2017. These deferred taxes could only be recorded
as an asset provided there was convincing evidence that
sufficient taxable profit would be available against which the
unused tax losses or unused tax credits could be offset by
Nyrstar nv (IAS 12.35). By recording deferred taxes as an
asset, the Board of Directors indicated that, despite the high
level of indebtedness, the group had the potential to return to
profitability over time. At the end of 2018, these capitalised
deferred taxes were suddenly written off with an impact of
250 million euros on the consolidated
equity of Nyrstar nv.
The entries of deferred taxes as assets had in any case a
significant impact on the equity of Nyrstar nv for at least
255.2 million euros in 2016 (343 million euros deferred taxes
-
87.8 million euros deferred tax liabilities) and 264.4 million
euros in 2017 (332.1 million euros deferred tax liabilities -
67.7 million euros deferred tax liabilities).
Group has partially derecognised previously recognised losses to align
with the forecast taxable profits over the five-year period.
Additional significant deferred tax balances related to the Nyrstar's US
operations. The US tax group consisted of all of the Group's US
subsidiaries, including Nyrstar Holdings Inc and Nyrstar Clarksville Inc,
that operate and own the assets of the East and Middle Tennessee Mines
and the Clarksville smelter respectively.
Nyrstar concluded that it was probable there would be a change in control
under the Restructuring and as at 31 December 2018 and that it did not
have sufficient certainty to determine the tax losses available subsequent
to change of control. Therefore, the Group fully derecognised the deferred
tax assets in the US tax Group at 31 December 2018.
Nyrstar has provided extensive disclosures related to the Perpetual
securities in its financial statements, including the reasons why were the
Perpetual securities classified as equity in the financial statements.

Secondly, in the 2015 consolidated financial statements of
Nyrstar nv, the board of directors has booked perpetuals as
capital for an amount of 186.3 million euros, and thus as
equity instead of debt. As early as 2018, however,
circumstances would have occurred that would have made the
repayment of the perpetuals due, which would have required
them to be recorded as debt and would have reduced equity
by 186.3 million euros.
In the 31 December 2018 consolidated financial statements, Nyrstar has
also disclosed, why the Perpetual securities were not classified as equity
as at 31 December 2018. The disclosures stated:
"In December 2018 Nyrstar entered into the Trade Finance Framework
Agreement ("TFFA") with Trafigura (note 39). Under the terms of the
TFFA, Nyrstar agreed to grant securities over the shares of various group
entities including Nyrstar Port Pirie Pty Ltd ("NPP").
At 31 December 2018, Nyrstar Hobart Pty Ltd, the owner of NPP, granted
securities over 19.9% shares in NPP. While at 31 December 2018 Nyrstar
NV owned legally and beneficially 100% of NPP, it
was not in Group's
sole control to avoid Nyrstar NV ceasing the legal and beneficial
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Thirdly, it appears that in 2015 and 2016 the directors
recorded a total of 96.8 million euros in impairments on the
Myra Falls mine, reversed 89.5 million euros in impairments
in 2017 and then recorded a further 54.6 million euros in
impairments in 2018. In view of the reversal in 2017, it is
remarkable that a write-down was recorded again in 2018.
Question to the board of directors: Please explain and justify these entries.
ownership (directly or indirectly) of 100% of the issued voting shares of
NPP, which is one of the Early Redemption Event ("ERE") of the
Securities. As such, the Securities have been accounted for as financial
liabilities at 31 December 2018."
Nyrstar performed its impairment testing based on the best available
information it has at each reporting period. It includes the appropriate
macroeconomic assumptions as well as the latest estimates of the future
operating performance of the operations. the This has resulted in the
impairments on the Myra Falls in 2015 and 2016 as well as in the reversal
of the impairment on Myra Falls in 2017. As at 31 December 2018 Nyrstar
used the LTF (as referred to in the previous answer) that has been
independently reviewed by the advisors of the bondholders a well as by
the advisors of the lenders, to assess the recoverability of the Myra Falls
assets. This assessment has resulted in additional impairment recognised
at 31 December 2018.
54. The financial statements of Nyrstar NV
for 2018 show that the Deloitte
Group invoiced no less than 5 million euros to Nyrstar NV, of which 'only'
0.9 million euros for audit services. This is a very noteworthy increase
compared to previous financial years, more specifically in the amount of
non-audit services to 4.1 million euros.
Question to the Board of Directors (and the Statutory Auditor): Please
explain in detail and clarify to which performance of the Deloitte Group
these 4.1 million euros relate.
The 2018 audit fees have been approved by the 5 November 2019 AGM.
The fees are disclosed in Note 40 of the 31 December 2018 consolidated
financial statements which provides a split of the Audit fees between
Deloitte Bedrijfsrevisoren and other offices in the Deloitte network by
category of provided services. The note also provides the following
information: "Audit related services are related to fees with respect to
legal missions entrusted to the statutory auditor per the Belgian Code of
Companies and additional fees for audit services as a result of the
unforeseen circumstances that impacted the audit of the standalone and
consolidated financial statements per 31 December 2018.
55.
The board of directors would have discovered in May 2019 that certain
Indeed, the Board of Directors of Nyrstar found in May 2019 that a Board
information had been withheld from the statutory auditor. The law firm
pack had not been sent to Deloitte, whereas the Board systematically sends
Contrast, which was appointed to investigate this issue, would have
all Board packs to Deloitte. This error was not committed at Board or
concluded that an individual error had been at the root of the problem,
management committee level. The
without, however, clarifying who committed this error and what this error
in such circumstances, including for reasons of personal data protection.
consisted of. Please explain the findings of the law firm Contrast, and in
any case explain who committed the error and what this error consisted
Under ISA norms, auditors have to
of. Please provide us with this report (including any annexes).
that information is not deliberately withheld. The Board then has to
investigate the matter and report to the auditor. The Board did so with
law firm Contrast which
Board or senior level, to withhold information. (The Board had started
this investigation with the investigations arm of an advisory firm but the
lead examiner suffered a severe and serious illness and could no longer
continue.)
#
Questions
Answers
The key observations
in a full page
withholding of information') in its audit report
year 2018.
We further note that, in accordance with Belgian company law, the right
of shareholders to ask questions with respect to items on the agenda of the
meeting, does not involve the right to receive certain documents
is no other legal requirements that enables Nyrstar
to make
report
freely available.
Further, it is
Contrast report is protected by attorney professional secrecy and cannot
be made available to third parties. The conclusions of the Board of
Directors based on
audit report on the consolidated financial statement of 2018.
Board does not wish to publicly name
challenge such instances to confirm
opined that there was no deliberate intention,
at
of Deloitte in respect of those matters are detailed
as a key audit matter ('Investigation in relation to potential
in respect of the financial
and there
the Contrast
also not allowed to do so as the
the Contrast report is set out on page 5 of Deloitte's
# Questions Answers
This was also explained in detail during the shareholders' meeting
of 5
November 2019.
56. Please describe precisely and in detail the services provided by the various
consultants in 2019, as the report does not provide access to these services.
The Company has answered the question related to the restructuring costs
already at the 5 November 2019 shareholders' meeting.
"As is usual in the context of a restructuring event, the group of companies
being restructured typically has to pay all of the various professional costs
and fees related to the restructuring activities. Competitive tendering
processes were used for the appointment of the service providers. These
fees and expenses include, amongst others, the professional service fees
for various legal, financial and restructuring advisers in multiple
jurisdictions. The total professional fees and costs paid for the
restructuring of the Nyrstar group amounted to approximately EUR 78
million. This figure represents approximately 3% of the total of EUR 2.6
billion of debt that was restructured. All of the fees and costs related to
the restructuring have been paid by various companies within the Nyrstar
group and these fees were economically borne by creditors for the benefit
of all stakeholders. …"
Given the confidentiality clauses included in the engagement letters, the
Company cannot provide specific fees incurred by an individual advisor.
The restructuring expenses have been recognised in the income statement
as a part of the EUR 101.7 million provision at 31 December 2018.
57. The main items in the income statement, i.e. non-recurring financial
income and expenses (109 million euro and 99 million euro respectively),
are not explained or only very briefly. Please explain. The expense of 99
million euro would relate to the "amortisation of the net intra-group
positions", but should it then be deduced that there were differences of
approximately 100 million Euro on intercompany positions?
The Art 96 report for the year ended 31 December 2019 already provides
the following explanation of the financial result:
# Questions Answers
"As an outcome of the Restructuring, in 2019 the Company has
recognised non-recurring financial charges of EUR 98,628k representing
the write off of
the net intercompany positions with the former subsidiaries
of the Company. This impairment is offset by the non-recurring financial
income of EUR 109,941k representing the gain from the release from the
convertible bonds issued by the Company."
It does not mean that there was a "difference" of approximately EUR 100
million on intercompany positions. It means that as
a part of the
restructuring, the intercompany positions of the Company were written
off while at the same time the Company benefitted from the release from
the convertible bonds issued by the Company (EUR 109.9 million) or
from being released from the guarantees issued by the Company (EUR
2,768 million at 31 December 2018).
58. In the annual accounts 2018, a provision for the completion
of the
Restructuring was recorded for 101,695,382 euros. The annual report
accompanying the draft annual accounts 2019 does not show what has
happened to this provision. Please explain whether this provision has been
reversed or which costs occurred in 2019 that led to a decrease of this
provision by 31 December 2019.
The detail is provided in Nyrstar NV 31 December 2019 financial
statements -
"Other information to disclose", point "1.2.
Impact of the
Restructuring on the 31 December 2019 financial statements"
"As the prior year financial statements as at 31 December 2018 were
prepared on other than going concern basis, certain adjustments were
# Questions Answers
reflected in line with the Belgian accounting provisions (Article 3:6 of the
Royal Decree dd. 29 April 2019 to the execution of the Code of
Companies
and Associations). As such, the estimated impact of the Restructuring on
the Company's Income Statement was recognised in
the 31 December
2018 Income Statement when the Company recognised a provision of
EUR 101.7 million representing the expected
crystallization of the
contingent liabilities that were expected to be off-set in 2019 against the
remaining net financial receivable at the time
when the restructuring
would be completed. The amount also took into consideration the expected
costs of disposal of the Company until
the completion of the Restructuring
of EUR 41.9 million that would increase the Company's net financial
receivable position at that time. At
the completion of the Restructuring at
31 July 2019, the Company settled and offset various positions between it
and its former
subsidiaries and derecognised the liability related to its
outstanding convertible bonds. The
loss arising from the settlement and
the offset
of these receivables and liabilities has been reflected against the
provision of EUR 101.7 million recognised at 31 December 2018 by the
Company. As the operating losses of the Company incurred in 2019 before
the completion of the Restructuring were funded by its former
subsidiaries, the final net receivable position of the Company at the
completion of the Restructuring was lower than estimated at 31
December
2018 resulting in the release of the unutilised portion of the provision of
EUR 11.4 million through the Income Statement in the year ended 31
December 2019, following the completion of the Restructuring."
# Questions Answers
59. Which D&O insurance has Nyrstar NV
taken out for its directors and with
which insurer and at what time? What are the special conditions and what
is the coverage of the insurance? Has the insurer confirmed that it will
cover the costs of the pending proceedings? Does this include coverage of
This question does not relate to the agenda of the shareholders meeting at
all.
For the sake of transparency, the board can confirm that the Company
the costs of the expert opinion? maintains a standard Directors & Officers ("D&O") insurance programme
which is brokered by Aon. The currently active policies consist of a D&O
insurance run-off programme which provides coverage for a period of 6
years post the completion of the restructuring on 31 July 2019 and a go
forward D&O insurance programme which now
runs for a twelve-month
period from 31 July each year.
The Company's D&O insurance consists of a base layer and five excess
layers.
The (primary) insurer has confirmed to indemnify the Company for its
reasonable fees, costs and expenses incurred by:
(i)
its counsel for assisting with the response to the notice of
default dated 17 March 2020, and representing the Company
in the proceedings issued on 29 May 2020;
(ii)
its counsel for representing the Company in the interlocutory
(expert) proceedings issued on 27
April 2020; and
(iii)
the party-appointed experts the Company has retained in
other to research the claims made in the proceedings
mentioned above.
A statement of assets and liabilities of the Company as at 31 March 2020
is attached to the special report of the board of directors of Nyrstar NV in
accordance with article 2:71 of the BCCA issued on 29 April 2020, and is
as such available on the Company's website. This statement provides
information as regards the Company's D&O insurance.
# Questions Answers
60. In addition to the D&O insurance taken out by Nyrstar NV, do the
directors have individual insurances that cover their liability as directors
of Nyrstar? Do (some of) the directors enjoy indemnity commitments or
similar commitments granted by one or more of the Nyrstar
shareholders
or persons associated with them?
This question does not relate to the agenda of the shareholders meeting at
all.
The directors do not enjoy indemnity commitments or similar
commitments granted by one or more of the Nyrstar shareholders or
persons associated with them.
There are no indemnity commitments in place that are not permitted by
the Belgian Code of Companies and Associations.
61. Does Nyrstar NV
have other insurances at its disposal that could cover the
costs of legal proceedings and expert opinion?
This question does not relate to the agenda of the shareholders meeting at
all.
To the best of our knowledge, there are no other relevant insurance
policies other than those already mentioned in answering question 59 that
could cover the costs of legal proceedings and expert opinions.
Mr. Bert Stillaert et al. by e-mail of 26 June 2020
62. My question concerns the ongoing tax disputes of the operational group
mentioned in the annual report 2019 for which no provision has been
made for the appeal. On 19 March 2020, Nyrstar Belgium NV's appeal in
cassation was dismissed by the Brussels Court of Cassation with the
judgment F.19.0025.N. Does this judgment also have possible
consequences for Nyrstar SA or only consequences for Nyrstar Belgium
and Trafigura as a consolidating company? For this loss of Nyrstar
Belgium, is an adjustment foreseen in the restructuring agreements
relating to the restructuring completed on 31 July 2019 by, for example, a
penalty clause whereby Nyrstar NV reimburses the tax increase to Nyrstar
Belgium NV? Can Trafigura or any of its group members in any way
recover the amounts payable from Nyrstar NV?
This question relates to Nyrstar Belgium, which is now part of Trafigura.
The tax dispute relates to the deductibility of interest paid on loans granted
by Nyrstar NV to Nyrstar Belgium. Nyrstar Belgium (nor Trafigura) does
not have a legal or contractual claim against Nyrstar NV in this respect.
B. QUESTIONS TO THE STATUTORY AUDITOR
Mr. Kris Vansanten et al. by e-mail of 26 June 2020
1. There are serious misgivings about the large difference in consolidated
equity as at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2018. As at 31
December 2017, consolidated shareholders' equity still stood at 659.8
million euro, and by 31 December 2018 it had fallen to 182.1 million euro.
The question arises whether the figures as at 31 December 2017 were too
rosy, or whether the figures as at 31 December 2018 were too pessimistic.
Without being exhaustive, questions are raised in particular with regard
to subsequent bookings as at 31 December 2018:

First, it appears that the board of directors has recognised
deferred tax assets in the consolidated financial statements for
respectively 343 million euros in 2016 and 332.1 million
euros in 2017. These deferred taxes could
only be recorded
as an asset provided there was convincing evidence that
sufficient taxable profit would be available against which the
unused tax losses or unused tax credits could be offset by
Nyrstar nv (IAS 12.35). By recording deferred taxes as an
asset, the Board of Directors indicated that, despite the high
level of indebtedness, the group had the potential to return to
profitability over time. At the end of 2018, these capitalised
deferred taxes were suddenly written off with an impact of
250 million euros on the consolidated equity of Nyrstar nv.
The entries of deferred taxes as assets had in any case a
significant impact on the equity of Nyrstar nv for at least
255.2 million euros in 2016 (343 million euros deferred taxes
-
87.8 million euros deferred tax liabilities) and 264.4 million
euros in 2017 (332.1 million euros deferred tax liabilities -
67.7 million euros deferred tax liabilities).
This question relates to the financial statements of the years 31 December
2017 and 31 December 2018. In accordance with article 7:139 of the Code
of Companies and Associations, as statutory auditor, we are required to
respond to questions, oral or written, raised before or during the
shareholder's meeting "and which are in relation to those points on the
agenda for which an auditor's report has been issued." The approval of
the statutory financial statements for the accounting year closed on 31
December 2019 is on the agenda of today's shareholders meeting today,
not the financial statements for the year 2018 or before. Therefore, we
cannot respond to this question at today's annual shareholders meeting.

(ii) Secondly, in the 2015 consolidated financial statements
of Nyrstar nv, the board of directors has booked perpetuals as
capital for an amount of 186.3 million euros, and thus as
equity instead of debt. As early as 2018, however,
circumstances would have occurred that would have made the
repayment of the perpetuals due, which would have required
them to be recorded as debt and would have reduced equity
by 186.3 million euros.

Thirdly, it appears that in 2015 and 2016 the directors
recorded a total of 96.8 million euros in impairments on the
Myra Falls mine, reversed 89.5 million euros in impairments
in 2017 and then recorded a further 54.6 million euros in
impairments in 2018. In view of the reversal in 2017, it is
remarkable that a write-down was recorded again in 2018.
Question to the statutory auditor: Please explain if and how you have
audited these entries
and which was the responsibility of the board of
directors.
2. The financial statements of Nyrstar nv for 2018 show that the Deloitte
Group invoiced no less than 5 million euros to Nyrstar nv, of which 'only'
0.9 million euros for audit services. This is a very noteworthy increase
compared to previous financial years, more specifically in the amount of
non-audit services to 4.1 million euros.
Question to (the Board of Directors and)
the Statutory Auditor: Please
explain in detail and clarify to which performance of the Deloitte Group
these 4.1 million euros relate.
This question relates to the financial statements of the year ending on 31
December 2018. In accordance with article 7:139 of the Code of
Companies and Associations, as statutory auditor, we are required to
respond to questions, oral or written, raised before or during the
shareholder's meeting "and which are in relation to those points on the
agenda for which an auditor's report has been issued". The approval of
the statutory financial statements for the accounting year closed on 31
December 2019 is on the agenda of today's shareholders meeting today,
not the financial statements for the year 2018 or before. Therefore, we
cannot respond to this question at today's annual shareholders meeting.
Furthermore, we already addressed this question on the general
shareholder's meeting of 5 November 2019.

Annex 4

Declaration of the Statutory Auditor of the Company during the annual general meeting held on 30 June 2020

Presentation of the report of the Statutory Auditor at the Shareholders' Meeting of Nyrstar NV of 30 June 2020 by Deloitte Bedrijfsrevisoren, represented by Ine Nuyts (free English translation of Dutch original)

We will answer the questions raised shortly, but before doing so we would like to make an important statement about our role as statutory auditor.

On 29 May 2020, Deloitte was summoned, together with a number of directors of Nyrstar nv and Nyrstar nv itself, for the Antwerp Enterprise Court, Turnhout department. This subpoena is issued by a group of shareholders who now own more than 10% of the voting rights of Nyrstar NV. They claim the conviction of the directors and Deloitte to pay a substantial compensation for damages.

Deloitte has carefully considered the implications hereof and has come to the conclusion that this proceeding may raise potential future conflicts of interest between the parties to this proceeding, which means the shareholders, Nyrstar nv, the directors and Deloitte itself, and it is therefore appropriate to voluntarily resign as statutory auditor after this general meeting.

Pursuant to the law, and more specifically based on article 3:66 of the Code of companies and associations, we can voluntarily resign at any time for what the law calls "compelling personal reasons". Potential conflicts of interest may compromise the independence of a statutory auditor in the eyes of third parties and therefore constitute a legal ground for voluntary resignation.

We do emphasize that we have prepared and completed our report of 12 February 2020 on the annual accounts as of 31 December 2019, and our report of 29 April 2020 on the statement of assets and liabilities as of 31 March 2020, in full independence and well in advance of the subpoena of 29 May 2020. We therefore remain available at this general

In view of the fact that Nyrstar nv has been prohibited by the order of the summary proceedings of 26 June 2020 from holding the extraordinary general meeting with the dissolution of Nyrstar nv on the agenda, we assume that our report of 29 April 2020 on the statement of assets and liabilities is no longer on the agenda, but we remain available to answer the questions of the shareholders at this general meeting on our report of 12 February 2020 on the annual accounts as of 31 December 2019.

Report auditor

.

Disclaimer: this is the transcript of the oral presentation made by the Statutory Auditor. This text does not replace the report of the statutory auditor of 12 February 2020.

We report today to the shareholders meeting on our audit procedures with respect to the audit of the standalone annual account of Nyrstar NV for the year ended 31 December 2019.

The responsibilities of the statutory auditor are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue a statutory auditor's report that includes our opinion. We do not express an opinion on the decisions taken by the company neither on the opportunity of these decisions.

The outcome of our audit work has been reflected in our statutory audit report issued on 12 February 2020. We issued a qualified opinion. In our opinion, the financial statements as of 31 December 2019 give a true and fair view of the Company's net equity and financial position as of 31 December 2019 and of its results for the year then ended, except for the possible effects of the matter described in the 'Basis for qualified opinion' section of our report.

This qualified opinion relates specifically to the disclosures in the annual accounts.

The control deficiencies identified in relation to the financial reporting environment in combination with the exceptional nature of the operational and financial circumstances the Group, i.e. the Company and its subsidiaries until 31 July 2019, has been facing and the significance and quantum of the related party transactions, could result in information that we were not aware of. As a result, a risk exists that the annual accounts may omit information relevant to the related party disclosures on the relationship with Trafigura and on the sequence of events that have resulted in the Capital Structure Review and the Restructuring.

In our report, we also included an emphasis of matter paragraph, in particular regarding the basis of preparation of the annual accounts. The annual accounts have been prepared on a discontinuity basis as a result of the decision of the extraordinary shareholders' meeting of 9 December 2019 to reject the continuation of the Company's activities. In addition, we emphasize that the Company's ability to meet its future obligations is dependent upon existing financing facilities and its ability to exercise the put option that enables the Company to sell its investment of 2% in the former Operating Group (as defined in our report).

I remain at your disposal in case of any further questions about our auditor's report for the financial year 2019. In accordance with Article 7:139 of the Code of Companies and Associations, I can answer questions raised with regard to my report, taking into account my responsibility regarding professional secrecy and insofar the communication of information or facts is not of such a nature that it would be detrimental to the business interests of the company.

Annex 5

Excerpt of the chatbox function of Lumi during the annual general meeting held on 30 June 2020

[See the following page]

(Messages that were formulated in Dutch, were freely translated into English.)

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l
f o
f w
h
h s
ha
ho
l
de
(
)
do
@
Ar
La
Pr
ic
ts
t
na
u
ur
en
ox
y
r:
on
re
r
s
y
ou
k
h
lea
?
is
ion
t
t
as
q
ue
s
p
se
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
C
S
Ju
1
1:
5
5:
E
T
n
i
j
de
d
ier
t
s
n
'@
fo
l
l p
ic
ip
da
l
is
is
i
la
b
le
l
l s
ha
ho
l
de
ho
t
ts
t
te
t
a
ar
an
: a
n a
n
nc
e
av
a
r a
re
rs
w
h v
he
(
)
ia
Co
Se
M
S
im
t s
t
ta
re
q
ue
s
uc
m
p
an
y
cr
e
ry
r.
ms
b
l
is
he
d
Pu
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
2:
0
0:
1
5
C
E
S
T
n
i
j
de
d
ier
t
s
n
(
)
@
l
l p
ic
ip
he
ing
i
l
l
i
l
l
be
1
2.
1
5
C
E
S
T.
Yo
t
ts
t
t
ta
t a
t
a
ar
an
:
m
ee
w
re
s
r
u w
b
le
ho
be
h a
d a
l
h c
ha
l.
log
Du
En
is
Ou
ies
to
tw
tc
a
c
os
e
ee
n a
n
n
g
nn
e
r a
p
o
fo
he
de
lay
t
r
b
l
is
he
d
Pu
3
0
2
0
2
0
2:
0
C
S
Ju
1
4:
1
7
E
T
n
ho
ly
3
Va
W
Ev
E
V
n
as
se
n
ve
e
ne
-
fo
l
d
l
i
ke
l
low
he
l m
ing
in
h,
l
d
ha
be
Pa
I w
Fr
tn
to
t
t
t
t
r
er
ou
s
g
en
er
a
ee
en
c
wo
u
b
le
?
ha
k y
h
!
i
T
p
os
s
n
ou
ve
ry
m
uc
b
l
is
he
d
Pu
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
2:
0
7:
2
2
C
E
S
T
n
i
j
de
d
ier
t
s
n
@
ho
ly
he
ice
in
h w
j
d
d
i
ion
l
Va
W
Ev
T
Fr
t a
t
n
as
se
n
ve
e
ne
:
se
rv
en
c
as
us
n a
a
fa
l
bu
ha
hn
l
ly
b
le.
he
i
i
i
i
is
ica
i
Ho
ty
t
t
tu
t
t
t
t
t
te
t
c
rn
s o
u
no
c
p
os
s
we
ve
r,
,
h
la
f
he
l
l
be
de
d a
d c
be
d
Fr
ion
ing
i
tra
t
t
t
te
en
c
ns
o
m
ee
w
re
co
r
n
an
re
q
ue
s
fro
he
f
ds
t
te
m
co
m
p
an
y
a
rw
ar
b
l
is
he
d
Pu
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
2:
0
9:
2
8
C
E
S
T
n
ho
ly
Va
W
Ev
E
V
3
n
as
se
n
ve
e
ne
-
lea
d
he
h
la
dy
Pa
P
Fr
ion
i
is
tn
t
tra
t
t
r
er
s
se
se
n
m
e
en
c
ns
as
so
on
as
re
a
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
2
0
2
0
2:
0
C
S
Ju
1
1
5:
5
E
T
n
i
j
de
d
ier
t
s
n
(
)
@
l
l p
ic
ip
he
ing
i
l
l
2.
C
S
i
l
l
be
1
1
5
E
T.
Yo
t
ts
t
t
ta
t a
t
a
ar
an
m
ee
re
s
r
:
w
u w
b
le
ho
be
h a
d a
l
h c
ha
l.
log
Du
En
is
Ou
ies
to
tw
tc
a
c
os
e
ee
n a
n
n
g
nn
e
r a
p
o
fo
he
de
lay
lea
ha
he
ing
is
br
dc
d w
i
h s
P
t
te
t
t
t
t
te
t
r
se
n
o
m
ee
oa
as
om
e
de
lay
he
l s
be
la
2 m
inu
t
tu
ta
t m
to
te
te
so
ac
a
r
ay
u
p
s
r.
,
b
l
is
he
d
Pu
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
2:
1
9:
2
5
C
E
S
T
n
Va
Kr
is
Va
B
V
te
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
-
l
l
ha
he
d.
f
f
he
l
l
Q
De
I s
Gr
i
B
V
B
A
i
im
Ca
irm
i
is
i
te
t
t
t
t
ua
n
ar
us
ou
p
ve
n
e
r
ag
e n
or
so
un
n y
ou
co
n
re
s
-
,
hn
ica
l p
b
lem
?
te
a
c
ro
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
2:
2
0:
3
2
C
E
S
T
n
de
d
i
j
ier
t
s
n
he
hn
l
@
Va
Kr
is
Va
B
V
Q
Gr
B
V
B
A:
ica
te
te
te
t
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
ua
n
us
ou
p
c
-
-
b
lem
ha
be
lve
d.
be
fre
h
he
?
M
try
to
t
p
ro
s
en
re
so
ay
re
s
p
ag
e
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
2:
2
5:
0
9
C
E
S
T
n
Va
Kr
is
Va
B
V
te
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
-
ha
d s
d.
lea
he
Q
A
1
2:
2
Gr
4,
I
B
V
im
B
A
P
ing
t
te
ta
t
t
t
ua
n
us
ou
p
ve
ag
e a
n
ou
n
se
re
s
r
m
ee
-
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
2:
2
6:
5
4
C
E
S
T
n
Va
Kr
is
Va
B
V
te
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
-
ly
ha
he
la
fo
Q
De
inc
Gr
I o
B
V
B
A
I u
in
te
to
t
t
to
ua
n
ar
us
s
ou
e
p
n
no
w
ve
ac
ce
ss
p
rm
rg
e y
ou
ag
a
-
,
,
he
ing
lea
ta
t
t
t
re
s
r
m
ee
p
se
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
2:
2
7:
0
2
C
E
S
T
n
de
d
i
j
ier
t
s
n
he
@
Va
Kr
is
Va
B
V
Q
Gr
B
V
B
A:
te
te
te
t
ta
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
ua
n
us
ou
p
se
cr
e
ry
-
-
(
/
).
i
l
l
br
ie
f
ly
ise
he
iou
ho
l
d
he
i
t
t
t n
w
su
m
m
ar
p
re
v
s p
ar
y
ou
s
u
ar
se
e
ow
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
2:
3
2:
3
7
C
E
S
T
n
Va
Kr
is
Va
B
V
te
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
-
lso
k o
l q
ly
h
ha
bo
?
Q
Ca
Gr
B
V
B
A
ion
ia
is
Ar
ion
te
t
t
t
t
ua
n
n y
us
ou
a
ou
p
as
ra
ue
s
s,
or
o
n
v
c
x
e q
ue
s
s
-
d
l
ly
f
h p
ive
?
te
t
an
sw
er
e
or
o
n
a
r e
ac
ar
,
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
2:
3
4:
5
9
C
E
S
T
n
de
d
i
j
ier
t
s
n
he
@
Va
Kr
is
Va
B
V
Q
Gr
B
V
B
A:
T
te
te
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
ua
n
us
ou
p
re
a
re
n
o
-
-
l
in
ion
Q
ion
be
ke
d v
ia
he
ha
bo
On
l
l
te
t
t
t
t
or
a
rv
en
s.
ue
s
s c
an
as
c
ce
a
x.
ha
be
ke
d,
he
bo
d o
f
d
l
l s
d
he
ion
ire
i
t
t
to
t
q
ue
s
s
ve
en
as
ar
c
rs
w
us
p
en
d a
he
"l
".
ing
ion
ive
t
t
t
m
ee
a
n
ns
we
r
q
ue
s
s
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
2:
3
6:
1
4
C
E
S
T
n
Va
Kr
is
Va
B
V
te
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
-
l
d y
la
de
l: w
he
d
leg
l
ly
b
le
f
Q
Co
Gr
B
V
in
B
A
in
i
ire
inc
te
ta
t
to
ua
n
u
us
ou
ou
ex
p
p
m
or
e
er
e
c
rs
a
ap
a
o
-
be
d
d
he
he
lve
ho
be
d
ing
i
is
t,
t
t
t
to
t,
p
re
se
n
or
y
ms
e
s c
os
e n
o
p
re
se
n
an
h
is
he
ir
ho
ice
?
t
t
ow
n c
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
2:
3
8:
2
4
C
E
S
T
n
de
d
i
j
ier
t
s
n
k n
@
Va
Kr
is
Va
B
V
Q
Gr
B
V
B
A:
te
te
te
to
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
ua
n
us
ou
p
w
e
o
o
-
-
f y
ha
k y
h.
he
bo
d o
f
d
l
l
ion
T
ire
i
t
t
to
o
ou
r q
ue
s
n
ou
ve
ry
m
uc
ar
c
rs
w
,
la
la
d.
i
ine
t
te
an
sw
er
r,
as
ex
p
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
2:
4
0:
2
6
C
E
S
T
n
ho
l
de
Ar
La
Pr
ts
t
na
u
ur
en
ox
y
r
ha
ho
l
de
d
d s
d
fo
ho
ha
?
Ho
i
w
m
an
y
s
re
rs
o a
n
r
w
m
an
y
s
re
s
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
2
0
2
0
2:
C
S
Ju
1
4
1:
4
1
E
T
n
ho
l
de
Ar
La
Pr
ts
t
na
ur
en
ox
r
u
y
d a
h
is
ion
in
de
kn
he
he
he
l
d
W
to
t
t
to
t
t
e n
ee
ns
we
r
q
ue
s
or
r
ow
r
re
ou
w
w
/
be
bo
he
da
de
lay
iss
4
6
t
t
a
n
ue
a
u
y
s
b
l
is
he
d
Pu
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
2:
4
3:
0
2
C
E
S
T
n
i
j
de
d
ier
t
s
n
'@
ho
l
de
he
is
ing
Ar
La
Pr
ts
t
t
ta
na
u
ur
en
ox
y
r:
se
cr
e
ry
an
sw
er
y
ou
r q
ue
ry
no
w.
b
l
is
he
d
Pu
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
2:
4
3:
5
0
C
E
S
T
n
Va
Kr
is
Va
B
V
te
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
-
lso
d
ho
hy
l
ly
h
l
Q
De
Gr
B
V
B
A
in
ica
is
ica
is
te
te
t a
t
t
ua
n
ar
us
ca
n y
ou
ou
p
a
w
p
s
p
re
se
n
g
en
er
a
-
,
f n
f a
ing
he
l
is
d c
i
ies
l
l a
de
d
he
lac
t
t
t o
t
t
te
t
m
ee
am
es
a
n
ap
ac
o
n
es
an
p
e
:
,
he
h
ha
(
lso
ha
ho
l
de
)
?
is
t
w
re
p
p
en
s
a
n
on
-s
re
rs
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
2:
4
6:
4
5
C
E
S
T
n
i
j
de
d
ier
t
s
n
is
he
@
Va
Kr
Va
B
V
Q
Gr
B
V
B
A:
te
te
te
t
ta
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
ua
n
us
ou
p
se
cr
e
ry
-
-
ly
ing
ion
t
t
cu
rre
n
an
sw
er
y
ou
r q
ue
s
is
b
l
is
he
d
Pu
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
2:
4
7:
0
3
C
E
S
T
n
Va
Kr
is
Va
B
V
te
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
-
h
fo
l w
ho
kn
he
Q
W
Gr
B
V
B
A
is
ion
i
ing
te
t a
t
t
t
t
t
ua
n
e c
us
an
no
ou
p
ns
we
r
q
ue
s
r a
p
p
ro
va
u
ow
n
am
es
-
f
he
de
t
t
te
o
a
n
es
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
2:
4
7:
3
1
C
E
S
T
n
ho
l
de
Ar
La
Pr
ts
t
na
u
ur
en
ox
y
r
bs
h
W
in
is
ta
t
e a
on
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
2:
4
7:
4
9
C
E
S
T
n
is
Va
Kr
Va
B
V
te
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
-
lea
ive
he
f
ho
j
ic
Q
P
Gr
B
V
B
A
te
t
t
t,
t
t g
ua
n
se
us
g
ou
p
n
am
es
o
se
p
re
se
n
no
us
en
er
na
m
es
-
b
l
is
he
d
Pu
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
2:
4
8:
1
0
C
E
S
T
n
ho
ly
Va
W
Ev
E
V
3
n
as
se
n
ve
e
ne
-
b
le
f w
do
't
kn
ho
Pa
W
ion
i
is
tn
t a
to
to
t
r
er
e a
s
re
n
o
a
ns
we
r
y
ou
r q
ue
s
e
n
ow
w
d
h
fo
l
d y
lea
he
W
is
in
ion
Co
ive
t.
t
t
t
p
re
se
n
e n
ee
rm
a
n
ow
u
ou
p
se
g
n
am
es
f
he
de
ly
he
ir
t
t
te
t o
t
o
a
n
es
no
n
co
m
p
an
na
m
es
y
,
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
2:
4
9:
1
1
C
E
S
T
n
de
d
i
j
ier
t
s
n
ho
ly
he
@
Va
W
Ev
E
V
3
Pa
is
ing
tn
t
ta
n
as
se
n
ve
e
ne
r
er
s:
se
cr
e
ry
no
w
na
m
-
l
l
ho
t
t.
a
se
p
re
se
n
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
2:
5
2:
4
9
C
E
S
T
n
Va
Kr
is
Va
B
V
te
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
-
f
de
d c
ly,
h
l
ke
l m
f
law
Q
So
i
I u
Gr
B
V
B
A
is
is
i
ing
te
ta
t
t
t
ua
n
us
n
ou
rs
p
n
or
re
c
m
or
e
a
g
en
er
a
ee
o
y
er
-
d e
f s
ha
ho
l
de
l
low
d
in
ts,
t o
t e
to
te
an
xp
er
n
o
re
rs
- w
e a
re
n
o
ve
n a
e
rv
en
e
f a
l
ive
he
is
l
i
be
he
ies
M
t
ty
t
t
or
eo
ve
r,
re
no
e
q
ua
o
rm
s,
ca
us
e
p
ar
ca
n
l
h o
he
he
f
he
ha
ho
l
de
ins
in
ino
i
t e
t
t
t
te
ts
t
ty
co
ns
u
ac
r a
g
a
re
s
o
m
r
s
re
rs,
he
he
ino
i
ha
ho
l
de
ly,
bs
in.
Co
t
ty
t.
t
ta
w
re
as
m
r
s
re
rs
ca
nn
o
ns
eq
ue
n
w
e a
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
s
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
2:
5
6:
0
8
C
E
S
T
n
ho
l
de
Ar
La
Pr
ts
t
na
u
ur
en
ox
y
r
do
he
F
Y
I n
ing
in
t
o v
o
w
w
re
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
2
0
2
0
2:
6:
3
C
S
Ju
1
5
4
E
T
n
is
Va
Kr
Va
B
V
te
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
-
f
Q
Gr
in
d
ha
i
is
ly
i
b
le
be
hy
ica
l
ly
M
B
V
B
A
te
t
t
t
t
to
t
ua
n
or
eo
us
ve
r,
ou
we
p
ap
p
ar
en
p
os
s
p
s
p
re
se
n
-
h a
lar
be
f p
le.
ly
he
ha
ho
l
de
ho
i
I
is
t
t
t
w
g
e n
um
r o
eo
p
on
s
re
rs
w
a
re
ly
l
low
d
be
l
ho
h
he
ly
fe
f
t
t a
to
t,
t
t
ap
p
ar
en
no
e
p
re
se
n
a
ug
re
a
re
o
n
a
w
o
he
h
le
he
d
he
lve
fe
be
ha
i
ire
W
is
t
t
to
t
t
to
t.
t
m,
w
c
rs
ms
e
s p
re
r n
o
p
re
se
n
he
f s
h a
d
lay
?
d w
f
d
ke
h a
lar
isp
An
i
j
i
ie
t
t
t
to
u
se
o
uc
as
us
m
a
su
c
g
e
h
he
le
f e
lu
he
fe
ha
ho
l
fro
he
i
im
d
ing
de
t
t
t
t
ex
p
en
se
w
so
a
o
xc
se
w
s
re
rs
m
l m
?
ing
t
ow
n g
en
er
a
ee
b
l
is
he
d
Pu
ir
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
2:
5
7:
1
9
C
E
S
T
n
i
j
de
d
ier
t
s
n
@
is
k n
Va
Kr
Va
B
V
Q
Gr
B
V
B
A:
te
te
te
to
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
ua
n
us
ou
p
w
e
o
o
-
-
f y
ha
k y
h.
he
bo
d o
f
d
l
l
ion
T
ire
i
t
t
to
o
ou
r q
ue
s
n
ou
ve
ry
m
uc
ar
c
rs
w
,
la
la
d.
i
ine
t
te
an
sw
er
r,
as
ex
p
b
l
is
he
d
Pu
3
0
2
0
2
0
2:
8:
3
C
S
Ju
1
5
5
E
T
n
is
Va
Kr
Va
B
V
te
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
-
l
l
Q
i
do
Gr
ing
in
do
I s
B
V
B
A
t
te
t s
t
ua
n
us
n
ou
o
p
ee
a
vo
w
w.
-
b
l
he
is
d
Pu
3
0
2
0
2
0
3:
0
9:
2
2
C
S
Ju
1
E
T
n
is
Va
Kr
Va
B
V
te
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
-
f o
Q
Gr
k
ing
l q
ion
lea
lac
h
is
i
h
No
Yo
B
V
B
A
P
te
te
t
t
t
ua
n
us
u a
ou
re
p
sp
ea
o
ra
ue
s
s.
se
re
p
e
:
w
-
"q
ke
d v
he
ha
bo
d a
he
de
ion
ia
im
i
t
t
t
t
t
t
ue
s
s a
s
c
x,
an
sw
er
e
e w
e c
on
s
r a
s
ia
".
te
ap
p
ro
p
r
b
l
is
he
d
Pu
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
3:
1
2:
5
5
C
E
S
T
n
M
Je
-Lo
is
M
t
to
a
n
an
u
r
h
l m
l
l.
ha
ho
l
de
ly
De
is
is
ing
As
t
t a
t
t a
ar
no
n g
en
er
a
ee
a
a
s
re
r,
we
ca
n o
n
,
len
d
l
h
he
f
he
l
in
i
is
T
is
ins
ir
i
t a
te
t
t
t o
t
re
m
a
s
n
n.
g
oe
s a
g
a
sp
g
en
er
a
ing
de
i
be
d
in
law
t
m
ee
s a
s
sc
r
co
m
p
an
y
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
3:
1
6:
2
6
C
E
S
T
n
de
d
i
j
ier
t
s
n
@
Va
Kr
is
Va
B
V
Q
Gr
B
V
B
A
@
M
te
te
te
t
to
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
ua
n
us
ou
p
en
a
n
-
-
is
he
ing
fo
l
low
he
f p
iou
Je
-Lo
M
Ny
t
t
t
tru
tu
ta
an
u
r:
m
ee
s
s
c
re
o
re
v
s
rs
r
l
he
de
l
h.
k
Ge
M
ing
F
irs
i
ion
i
Yo
t
t
t
t
te
t
t w
t
ne
ra
ee
s.
w
r
n q
ue
s
s a
re
a
u c
an
as
d
d
l q
he
ha
bo
f
ha
he
l
l
be
ho
i
ion
ion
ia
A
i
t
t
t
t
te
t
t
t
t
a
a
ue
s
s v
c
x.
r
re
w
a
s
r
f
"l
" v
h
ic
h
he
ion
ke
d w
i
l
l
be
d
ive
ia
he
te
t
t
t
re
ce
ss,
a
r w
q
ue
s
s a
s
a
ns
we
re
ha
bo
t
c
x.
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
3:
3
1:
4
7
C
E
S
T
n
is
Va
Kr
Va
B
V
te
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
-
ke
d
fo
f p
le
ha
in
d.
"p
le
i
h
Q
W
Gr
B
V
B
A
Yo
te
t
t
te
t
ua
n
e a
us
s
ou
p
r n
am
es
o
eo
p
rv
en
e
ur
a
ns
we
r
eo
p
w
-
d e
he
"
d
do
ien
ise
in
is
t
t
to
t s
ex
p
er
ce
a
n
xp
er
se
c
r
va
g
ue
a
n
es
n
o
ay
h
k
he
l
f n
f p
le
ho
d,
he
ing
W
is
in
ir
t
t
t o
te
t
an
y
e a
s
am
es
o
eo
p
w
rv
en
e
fu
ion
d
he
ir
i
i
h r
he
ia
l
d
ire
W
t
t
ty
t
t
to
t
to
nc
a
n
ca
p
ac
es
p
ec
co
m
m
er
c
c
r:
ha
h
?
d
he
ha
f
ba
kg
d
?
ho
d
d
he
is
D
i
Tr
ig
W
i
t w
w
as
na
m
e
ve
a
a
ur
a
c
ro
un
?
i
d
he
d o
f
ire
d
he
ha
irm
in
in
D
Bo
D
C
t
to
t
to
t
te
re
p
or
ar
c
rs
an
an
rv
en
e
a
de
f
he
l
d
d,
f y
he
d
ho
he
is
ion
ia
ire
i
is
t
to
t
c
o
co
m
m
er
c
c
r,
an
es
w
n a
n
w,
re
,
f
he
f a
d w
ha
he
?
t
t w
t
an
y
p
ro
o
re
o
n
as
co
ns
eq
ue
nc
e
b
l
is
he
d
Pu
3
0
2
0
2
0
3:
3
3:
C
S
Ju
1
4
1
E
T
n
i
j
de
d
ier
t
s
n
@
is
Q
Gr
k n
Va
Kr
Va
B
V
B
V
B
A:
te
te
te
to
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
ua
n
us
ou
p
e
o
o
w
-
-
f y
ha
k y
h.
he
bo
d o
f
d
l
l
ion
T
ire
i
t
t
to
o
ou
r q
ue
s
n
ou
ve
ry
m
uc
ar
c
rs
w
,
i
la
la
ine
d.
t
te
an
sw
er
r,
as
ex
p
b
l
is
he
d
Pu
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
3:
3
9:
2
0
C
E
S
T
n
Va
Kr
is
Va
B
V
te
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
-
ha
ly
le
ly
l a
d
l
Q
S
inc
Gr
B
V
B
A
i
te
ta
te
t
t
t w
t
te
ua
n
e y
us
ou
n
ou
ow
p
s
as
a
p
p
ar
en
co
m
p
no
rm
a
n
us
ua
-
ha
lon
d
h p
ha
los
in
i
ice
t
t a
te
tra
t w
te
to
t
t
t w
g
rm
co
n
c
as
e
n
re
w
r
s
er
e a
s c
e
(
)
i
b
le
he
l s
i
hy
h
is
he
to
t
t r
te
t
t
as
p
os
s
su
a
p
o
a
s,
as
n n
ev
er
u
w
w
ly
d
he
ha
ho
l
de
ly
f
ica
tra
t
te
to
t
te
ns
p
ar
en
co
m
m
un
s
re
rs,
o
r o
n
a
r
in
ion
f
he
j
dg
in
d
ing
d o
ly
in
he
ise
d
te
t
t
t
rv
en
o
u
e
su
m
m
ar
y
p
ro
ce
e
s a
n
n
re
v
l a
fo
b
l
he
d
be
2
0
1
8,
in
is
in
Se
2
0
1
9 –
i.e
ts
tn
te
te
an
nu
a
cc
ou
n
o
o
p
u
p
m
r
,
f
he
le
d
?
ing
te
t
tru
tu
te
a
r
re
s
c
r
w
as
co
m
p
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
2
0
2
0
3:
C
S
Ju
1
4
1:
4
1
E
T
n
i
j
de
d
ier
t
s
n
@
is
Q
Gr
k n
Va
Kr
Va
B
V
B
V
B
A:
te
te
te
to
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
ua
n
us
ou
p
w
e
o
o
-
-
f y
ha
k y
h.
he
bo
d o
f
d
l
l
ion
T
ire
i
t
t
to
o
ou
r q
ue
s
n
ou
ve
ry
m
uc
ar
c
rs
w
,
i
la
la
ine
d.
t
te
an
sw
er
r,
as
ex
p
b
l
is
he
d
Pu
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
3:
4
4:
5
9
C
E
S
T
n
Va
Kr
is
Va
B
V
te
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
-
h r
do
l
ly
de
he
b
l
Q
W
i
Gr
B
V
B
A
ion
5,
i
Pu
is
te
t
t
to
t
t r
to
t
ua
n
us
es
p
ou
ec
p
q
ue
s
y
ou
n
o
ea
p
ro
v
a
re
sp
on
se
-
l q
ha
he
l
d
by
f
fo
he
de
l
ion
C
i
ig
ive
ies
in
T
Tr
t
t w
t
t
re
a
ue
s
: w
as
re
a
p
a
a
ur
a
r
r
f
d
lu
d
ly,
he
da
h
h
he
2
0
1
9 o
Ja
inc
ing
3
1
Ju
ic
to
t
te
t
nu
ar
y
up
a
n
o
n w
iv
i
ies
fe
d
f
ig
?
ive
ly
he
da
f
he
Tr
G
3
1
Ju
t
t
tra
to
t
te
t
ac
er
e
ns
rre
a
ur
a
n
wa
s
o
w
fe
k a
ha
ho
l
de
he
l
d
iew
ise
tra
to
t
tre
ns
r,
we
as
s s
re
rs
re
v
re
ve
nu
e s
am
s r
ea
be
d
f
fe
f a
d a
Ny
Tr
ig
Ho
iv
i
ies
tw
ta
tra
ts
t
t
ee
n
rs
r a
n
a
ur
a.
w
ca
n a
ns
r o
ss
e
an
c
ke
lac
f
he
d
h
h e
ke
i
i
ion
ic
ing
in
ta
t
t
to
ta
to
t
p
e
co
n
s
w
ar
n
s w
er
e
n
ac
co
un
ly
f
d e
d
?
he
fo
irm
2
0
1
9
T
ion
t o
t
we
re
o
n
co
n
e
n
re
re
we
re
p
ea
ur
q
ue
s
:
,
(
h
ic
h v
lum
d
h
ic
h c
d
i
ion
d
isc
T
C
to
t
t o
o
es
a
n
on
s
av
er
ag
e
ou
n
n
w
w
hm
k o
l
d z
ha
fo
he
f
Be
ize
inc
Tr
ig
tre
tm
t c
t
nc
ar
r a
ve
ra
g
e r
ea
a
en
rg
es
r
a
ur
a
la
d v
lum
)
l
d
de
he
be
ize
is
ing
te
t
t
tra
t
tw
re
o
es
we
re
re
a
un
r
ex
co
n
c
ee
n
f
d
ig
?
Tr
Ny
ta
a
ur
a a
n
rs
r
he
d
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
3:
4
6:
2
9
C
E
S
T
n
i
j
de
d
ier
t
s
n
@
is
k n
b
l
is
Va
Kr
Va
B
V
Q
Gr
B
V
B
A:
Pu
te
te
te
to
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
ua
n
us
ou
p
e
o
o
w
-
-
f y
ha
k y
h.
he
bo
d o
f
d
l
l
ion
T
ire
i
t
t
to
o
ou
r q
ue
s
n
ou
ve
ry
m
uc
ar
c
rs
w
,
la
la
d.
i
ine
t
te
an
sw
er
r,
as
ex
p
he
d
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
3:
0:
C
S
5
5
7
E
T
n
Va
Kr
is
Va
V
B
te
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
-
fo
b
l
Q
As
Gr
V
A
iou
ion
Ca
is
B
B
Pu
te
t a
to
t
ua
n
a
us
p
ro
xy
ou
p
r a
co
rre
c
ns
we
r
m
y
p
re
v
s q
ue
s
n y
ou
p
ro
ce
ss
:
-
he
lum
by
ly
de
he
inc
Ny
in
Ju
2
0
1
9 u
t
tra
te
ta
t
tra
t
vo
e z
co
nc
en
rs
r
n
r
co
n
c
i
h
f
ig
ing
ha
he
l
ize
d v
lum
be
d
Tr
Ny
t
t
t
t
tw
ta
a
ur
a,
as
su
m
re
a
o
e
ee
n
rs
r a
n
w
f
f
?
Tr
ig
in
H
1
2
0
1
9 w
3
5
0.
0
0
0
D
M
T a
2
0
2,
1
D
M
T
Ca
t a
a
ur
a
as
n a
ve
ra
g
e o
n
lso
lar
fy
h
h
he
d
by
f
he
lum
l
d
i
ic
T
C w
i
Tr
ig
ize
t
t
y
ou
a
c
w
as
p
a
a
ur
a o
n
vo
e r
ea
ly
in
Ju
2
0
1
9
?
he
d
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
3:
5
1:
4
2
C
E
S
T
n
de
d
i
j
ier
t
s
n
'@
ho
l
de
ds
"H
b
l
Ar
La
Pr
As
ion
Pu
is
ts
t
t
na
u
ur
en
ox
y
r.
re
g
ar
y
ou
r q
ue
s
ow
m
an
y
ha
ho
l
de
d
i
d s
d
fo
ho
ha
?
":
he
t
ta
s
re
rs
o a
n
r
m
an
s
re
s
co
m
p
an
se
cr
e
ry
w
y
y
l
l
d
bu
l
f
he
ha
ho
l
de
lve
d s
ho
ly.
i
is
i
is
inv
tr
te
t o
t
t
w
a
s
re
rs
o
r
he
d
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
3:
5
2:
2
9
C
E
S
T
n
de
d
i
j
ier
t
s
n
k n
b
l
@
Va
Kr
is
Va
B
V
Q
Gr
B
V
B
A:
Pu
is
te
te
te
to
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
ua
n
us
ou
p
w
e
o
o
-
-
f y
ha
k y
h.
he
bo
d o
f
d
l
l
ion
ire
i
T
t
t
to
o
ou
r q
ue
s
n
ou
ve
ry
m
uc
ar
c
rs
w
,
la
la
d.
i
ine
t
te
an
sw
er
r,
as
ex
p
he
d
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
3:
5
8:
0
9
C
E
S
T
n
is
M
Je
-Lo
M
t
to
a
n
an
r
u
f
in
he
inu
d
ha
ig
ia
d w
i
h
he
b
l
is
De
Tr
Pu
t
te
ta
te
t
t
t
te
t
t
ar
m
s y
ou
s
a
ur
a n
eg
o
,
d
ho
l
de
he
d
l
f.
h
h
Bo
ing
Ny
i
T
is
is
ing
t
tru
tu
t
ta
tse
t
n
rs
on
re
s
c
r
a
n
no
rs
r
so
m
e
ha
f
d v
d
d a
d s
ho
ha
f
he
l o
h
he
I
in
Tr
ig
is
i
t
t
t
t
t
tu
t
t
er
y
o
n
ws
a
ur
a
ac
a
ne
w
lea
lar
fy
i
P
p
ow
er
se
c
he
d
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
3:
5
8:
4
3
C
E
S
T
n
de
d
i
j
ier
t
s
n
k n
f y
ha
k y
@
M
Je
-Lo
is
M
ion
t
to
to
te
t
t
a
n
an
u
r:
we
o
o
o
ou
r q
ue
s
n
ou
ve
ry
,
h.
he
bo
f
l
l a
la
la
d o
d
ire
i
i
ine
d.
T
to
t
te
m
uc
ar
c
rs
w
ns
we
r
r,
as
ex
p
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
4:
0
0:
5
0
C
E
S
T
n
M
Je
-Lo
is
M
t
to
a
n
an
u
r
f
f
he
h
he
l p
d w
h
d
I
Tr
ig
is
i
i
Ny
t
t
t
t
ta
a
ur
a
p
er
so
n w
re
a
ow
er
a
n
as
w
rs
r a
n
ia
d o
be
ha
l
f o
f
he
f
ig
ia
d w
i
h
i
l
f
fo
Ny
Tr
t
te
ta
t
t
te
t
tse
ne
o
n
rs
r,
n
a
ur
a n
eg
o
r
g
l
l o
he
(
l
d
ha
)
l
l,
ier
I a
Ve
ice
t
tra
ts
a
r c
on
c
su
p
p
a
n
p
ur
c
se
r
as
w
e
ss
um
e.
ry
n
fo
f
bu
de
l
fo
h
d
Tr
ig
im
Ny
T
is
is
t
tr
ta
ta
tra
to
r
a
ur
a
en
r
rs
r.
co
n
ry
g
oo
l
lea
lar
fy
d s
im
ina
i
d
P
te
to
co
rp
or
a
g
ov
er
na
nc
e a
n
ee
ms
ev
en
cr
m
e.
se
c
an
ba
k u
c
p
y
ou
r a
ns
we
r.
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
4:
0
1:
2
4
C
E
S
T
n
i
j
de
d
ier
t
s
n
@
is
k n
f y
ion
ha
k y
M
Je
-Lo
M
t
to
to
te
t
t
a
n
an
r:
we
o
o
o
ou
r q
ue
s
n
ou
ve
ry
u
,
h.
he
bo
d o
f
d
l
l a
la
la
d.
T
ire
i
i
ine
to
t
te
m
uc
ar
c
rs
w
ns
we
r
r,
as
ex
p
b
l
is
he
d
Pu
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
4:
0
4:
4
2
C
E
S
T
n
M
Je
-Lo
is
M
t
to
a
n
an
u
r
be
he
l
d
l o
f m
ha
In
Se
2
0
1
8,
iq
i
i
E
U
R
6
0
0
te
t
ty
t
p
m
r
re
w
as
a
u
p
oo
or
e
n
l
l
h
l
d
ha
d
d
ks
he
f
by
h
he
i
ion
is
isa
6 w
ig
T
t
te
m
wo
u
ve
p
p
ea
re
ee
re
a
r
r
lec
d
low
?
lea
ba
k u
by
ic
i
ice
inc
ice
P
tr
ty
tra
ts
e
p
r
s a
n
er
z
p
r
s
se
c
p
co
n
c
be
do
d
isa
h.
h
is
is
im
ina
l o
f
fe
T
I
t
ca
us
e m
on
ey
es
n
o
p
p
ea
r a
s s
uc
a c
r
nc
e.
d y
f w
ha
ly
ha
h
d
in
is
ing
i
W
ire
in
Ge
t
t
t
re
m
ou
o
cu
rre
n
p
p
en
w
ca
r
rm
an
y.
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
4:
0
5:
1
5
C
E
S
T
n
de
d
i
j
ier
t
s
n
k n
f y
ha
k y
@
M
Je
-Lo
is
M
ion
t
to
to
te
t
t
a
n
an
u
r:
we
o
o
o
ou
r q
ue
s
n
ou
ve
ry
,
h.
he
bo
d o
f
d
l
l a
la
la
d.
ire
i
i
ine
T
to
t
te
m
uc
ar
c
rs
w
ns
we
r
r,
as
ex
p
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
4:
1
4:
1
3
C
E
S
T
n
Va
Kr
is
Va
B
V
te
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
-
h r
d
l
l
ha
d
Q
W
i
Gr
B
V
B
A
ion
1
9:
D
i
B
i
Sc
ing
iss
ing
in
ion
te
t
t
to
t
t
t
t
ua
n
us
es
p
ou
ec
p
q
ue
s
o
ve
a
en
o
p
-
i
h r
he
le
he
in
ing
f m
ine
d
he
d
i
ion
t
t
to
t
t
ta
t
t
es
p
ec
sa
or
re
o
s,
an
co
n
s
w
d
he
d
f
fe
ha
f
l
ly
lem
d,
d
h
ia
i
ina
im
is
in
t
te
t
to
t
to
t w
te
t
ne
g
o
re
re
n
w
as
p
en
an
,
he
lea
d
f o
du
he
d o
f
f
be
im
ing
ing
Bo
D
ire
1
3
De
t
t
to
t
to
e
u
p
o
r
r
ar
c
rs
o
ce
m
h
lev
fo
h
de
d
l
2
0
1
6
?
W
is
in
is
ism
iss
t
t
tu
as
re
an
an
y
wa
y
r
p
ar
re
o
r
a
d
ly
f
he
d o
f
d
f
be
?
im
ia
Bo
ire
1
3
De
2
0
1
6
te
te
t
to
m
e
a
r
ar
c
r o
ce
m
r
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
r
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
4:
1
5:
3
4
C
E
S
T
n
de
d
i
j
ier
t
s
n
k n
@
Va
Kr
is
Va
B
V
Q
Gr
B
V
B
A:
te
te
te
to
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
ua
n
us
ou
p
w
e
o
o
-
-
f y
ha
k y
h.
he
bo
d o
f
d
l
l
ion
T
ire
i
t
t
to
o
ou
r q
ue
s
n
ou
ve
ry
m
uc
ar
c
rs
w
,
la
la
d.
i
ine
t
te
an
sw
er
r,
as
ex
p
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
4:
1
9:
1
8
C
E
S
T
n
Va
Kr
is
Va
B
V
te
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
-
-
he
Q
In
Gr
B
V
B
A
ion
1
7:
te
to
t
to
t
ua
n
re
us
sp
on
se
ou
p
a
ns
we
r
q
ue
s
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
l
bu
lu
de
d
he
d a
d s
bs
Ho
ia
inc
in
te
t
t
t
w
m
an
y
p
o
n
y
er
s w
er
e
se
co
n
n
u
eq
ue
n
ds
fo
h o
f
he
he
les
?
ine
in
t
t
ro
un
r e
ac
m
s
sa
p
ro
ce
ss
f
ha
he
d c
i
ies
he
in
he
Co
W
t w
t
t
t
t
te
er
e
n
am
es
a
n
ap
ac
o
p
er
so
ns
rp
or
a
lop
d
?
De
in
2
0
1
6 a
2
0
1
7
t
te
ve
m
en
am
n
ha
he
f
d
du
ls
he
lop
W
in
iv
i
Co
De
t a
t
t
te
t
te
re
n
am
es
o
a
on
rp
or
a
ve
m
en
am
d
(
f n
lre
dy
lea
)
?
in
2
0
1
6 a
2
0
1
7
i
t a
n
o
a
c
r
3
0
2
0
2
0
2
0:
0
C
S
Ju
1
4:
1
E
T
n
i
j
de
d
ier
t
s
n
@
is
Q
Gr
k n
Va
Kr
Va
B
V
B
V
B
A:
te
te
te
to
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
ua
n
us
ou
p
e
o
o
w
-
-
f y
ha
k y
h.
he
bo
d o
f
d
l
l
ion
T
ire
i
t
t
to
o
ou
r q
ue
s
n
ou
ve
ry
m
uc
ar
c
rs
w
,
i
la
la
ine
d.
t
te
an
sw
er
r,
as
ex
p
b
l
is
he
d
Pu
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
4:
2
8:
1
0
C
E
S
T
n
Va
Kr
is
Va
B
V
te
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
-
-
h r
hy
he
ha
Q
W
i
Gr
B
V
B
A
ion
2
0:
Z
inc
Pu
Ag
te
t
t
to
t
t
t
ua
n
us
es
p
ou
ec
p
q
ue
s
w
w
as
rc
se
re
em
en
(
h m
ha
l
l
)
d,
d
2
0
0
i
ion
ion
is
te
t
t
t m
t
g
ua
ra
n
e
wo
r
or
e
n
m
e
ur
os
no
en
e
an
ly
he
loa
ion
d
?
he
l r
i
Fr
t
t m
t
t
t
t c
on
n a
g
re
em
en
en
e
om
a
nn
ua
ep
or
an
he
fo
ly
be
de
du
d
ha
he
ly
he
loa
l
d
i
t
t
t e
t
t
t w
re
re
o
n
ce
r o
n
n a
g
re
em
en
as
so
fo
i
l
l
ion
ha
he
inc
in
ha
3.
8
U
S
D,
Z
Co
Pu
Ag
t
t
t
tra
te
t
r
m
o
r
nc
en
rc
se
re
em
en
(
h m
ha
l
l
)
fe
d
fo
2
0
0
i
ion
U
S
D
M
I
t
t
tra
wo
r
or
e
n
m
wa
s
ns
rre
r z
er
o e
ur
o.
ay
lso
de
du
fro
ha
he
d o
f
f
l
ly
ion
Bo
D
ire
ina
t
t
t
t
to
a
ce
m
y
ou
r q
ue
s
ar
c
rs
g
av
e
fo
fe
i
l
h
is
?
i
i
b
le
ive
he
d
ing
Is
ts
t
tra
t p
to
t
ap
p
ro
va
r
ns
r
os
s
re
ce
co
rre
sp
on
fro
he
d o
f
d
ho
ho
Bo
D
ire
in
ica
ing
t
t
to
t
t,
re
p
or
m
ar
c
rs,
w
w
as
p
re
se
n
w
ig
d a
d w
ho
bm
i
d
h
is
j
he
d o
f
ire
?
Bo
D
t
te
t
t
to
t
to
s
ne
n
su
p
ro
ec
ar
c
rs
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
4:
3
1:
1
7
C
E
S
T
n
de
d
i
j
ier
t
s
n
k n
@
Va
Kr
is
Va
B
V
Q
Gr
B
V
B
A:
te
te
te
to
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
ua
n
us
ou
p
w
e
o
o
-
-
f y
f
ion
ha
k y
h.
he
bo
d o
d
ire
i
l
l
T
t
t
to
o
ou
r q
ue
s
n
ou
ve
ry
m
uc
ar
c
rs
w
,
la
la
d.
i
ine
t
te
an
sw
er
r,
as
ex
p
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
4:
5
3:
0
4
C
E
S
T
n
is
Va
Kr
Va
B
V
te
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
-
-
ion
lea
fo
in
ion
l
d
l
i
ke
Q
Yo
Gr
B
V
B
A
2
2
I w
te
to
t
te
ta
t
ua
n
ur
us
a
ns
we
ou
r
p
q
ue
s
ve
s r
oo
m
r
rp
re
ou
a
lea
d
b
he
fo
l
low
he
ig
ing
ion
i
to
t
t
t
te
c
r a
n
un
am
uo
us
a
ns
we
r
q
ue
s
: w
as
w
r

f
f o
f a
ly
l
l
d
by
he
d o
f
im
E
U
R
2
1
0
i
ion
Bo
D
ire
te
t
to
o
p
p
ro
x
a
m
a
p
p
ro
ve
ar
c
rs
(
/
)
ho
h
f
(
S
O
?
is
d o
ire
?
Y
E
N
W
Bo
D
N
A
M
E
A
N
D
t a
t
t
to
w
as
p
re
se
n
ar
c
rs
)
S
U
R
N
A
M
E
b
l
is
he
d
Pu
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
4:
5
3:
5
4
C
E
S
T
n
de
d
i
j
ier
t
s
n
k n
b
l
he
d
@
Va
Kr
is
Va
B
V
Q
Gr
B
V
B
A:
Pu
is
te
te
te
to
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
ua
n
us
ou
p
w
e
o
o
-
-
f y
ha
k y
h.
he
bo
d o
f
d
l
l
ion
T
ire
i
t
t
to
o
ou
r q
ue
s
n
ou
ve
ry
m
uc
ar
c
rs
w
,
i
la
la
ine
d.
t
te
an
sw
er
r,
as
ex
p
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
5:
3
7:
3
3
C
E
S
T
n
ho
l
de
Ar
La
Pr
ts
t
na
u
ur
en
ox
y
r
he
d o
f
he
b
l
he
d
Q
ion
Bo
D
ire
ing
in
2
0
1
9
Pu
is
t
to
t
to
t
ue
s
s
ar
c
rs
co
nc
er
n
co
ns
eq
ue
nc
es
f
he
fra
d a
d
ism
i
de
i
f
ie
d
in
in
he
f
ina
ia
l y
2
0
1
8:
t
t
t
t
o
u
n
m
an
ag
em
en
n
nc
ea
r
/
fra
d a
d
de
f
d
by
he
d
2
0
1
8,
iou
ism
i
i
ie
He
t w
t
t
se
r
s
u
n
or
m
an
ag
em
en
as
n
a
f
l
d
f
(
ko
ko
),
h
h w
f
d
by
In
Au
i
Ny
M
Gu
in
i
ic
irm
te
t o
ta
o
rn
a
rs
r
r
u
u
w
as
co
n
e
f a
f
G
he
ba
is
le
la
ing
2
0
%
he
ion
in
K
M
P
t
t
to
t
tra
t
a.o
on
s
o
sa
m
p
re
o
ns
ac
s
ho
d
d
ha
ly
l
l
l
ke
ly
be
d
Po
P
ir
ie,
in
ica

3
5 m
i
ion
i
t
te
t
t o
to
r
w
n
w
as
re
co
ve
re
(
by
he
he
bu
he
iou
lac
k o
f
f
ina
ia
l
t
t
t
t
co
m
p
an
y
re
re
w
as
a
se
r
s
nc
hr
ho
he
).
)
ha
ha
ke
1
W
t
t
t
t m
ta
to
g
ov
er
na
nc
e
ou
g
u
g
ro
up
ea
su
re
s
ve
y
ou
n
/
de
d
h
fra
d a
d
he
f
l
ism
in
ina
ia
te
t a
t s
t
t
c
n
p
re
ve
n
uc
u
n
or
m
an
ag
em
en
nc
)
ha
f
he
l
2
0
9
?
2
i
d y
ie
d o
1
D
t c
t o
t
to
ta
y
ea
r
ou
ve
a
m
ea
su
re
m
en
ar
r
u
da
f
fe
d
by
hr
ho
he
d
f s
ism
i
t,
t
t
t
m
ag
e s
u
re
m
an
ag
em
en
ou
g
u
g
ro
up
an
o,
,
(
)
)
ha
ho
h
he
l
?
he
f
fe
ive
ly
4
W
t
t
t
t
ts
t
w
w
m
uc
wa
s
re
su
er
e
se
a
m
ou
n
e
c
d
he
f
l y
)
f n
he
b
le
in
ina
ia
2
0
1
9
?
3
I
t
t,
t
re
co
ve
re
nc
ea
r
o
we
re
re
co
ve
ra
de
d a
h,
fo
ho
h a
d w
he
he
l
in
ts
t
am
ou
n
re
co
r
s s
uc
r
w
m
uc
n
re
a
nn
ua
?
ts
ac
co
un
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
5:
3
9:
0
4
C
E
S
T
n
de
d
i
j
ier
t
s
n
ho
l
de
k n
f y
ha
k y
b
l
he
d
@
Ar
La
Pr
ion
Pu
is
ts
t
to
te
t
t
na
u
ur
en
ox
y
r:
we
o
o
o
ou
r q
ue
s
n
ou
,
h.
he
bo
d o
f
d
ire
i
l
l a
i
la
la
ine
d.
T
to
t
te
ve
ry
m
uc
ar
c
rs
w
ns
we
r
r,
as
ex
p
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
4
3
9
C
S
5:
7:
E
T
n
ho
l
de
Ar
La
Pr
ts
t
na
u
ur
en
ox
y
r
he
d o
f
d
ko
ko
fo
Q
ion
ire
ing
Gu
in
i
Bo
D
M
t
to
t
to
ue
s
s
ar
c
rs
re
g
ar
r
u
u,
rm
er
he
d o
f
he
d
de
d
d
by
he
d o
f
i
ism
iss
Bo
D
ire
in
t
t
tm
t
t
to
a
a
u
p
ar
en
e
ar
c
rs
)
f
fo
fu
fo
2
0
9:
irm
ha
he
d
h
is
ion
he
Au
1
1
Do
t
t
t
t
t
t
g
us
ou
co
n
p
er
rm
e
nc
r
y
d
he
fo
ly
he
lg
l
d
ire
Ny
in
Be
ian
is
t
ta
t
t
te
t
en
rs
r g
ro
up
an
re
re
m
a
p
ar
en
,
)
?
hy
he
h
d a
he
bs
d
les
d
2
ire
i
iar
Ny
Sa
t
t
ta
co
m
p
an
y
w
w
as
su
y
rs
r
a
n
ke
lan
d,
d
lev
l
lg
)
d
d
he
M
ing
in
Sw
i
in
Be
ium
?
3
i
t
tze
t a
t g
ar
r
an
no
ro
up
e
by
f
h
f
he
d a
j
ion
ir
is
i
ion
i
ise
te
t
tu
t
en
oy
p
ro
c
v
e o
p
os
w
as
re
co
g
n
s a
(
),
h
is
le
b
low
by
he
lg
ian
ke
ho
i
he
S
is
he
?
Be
F
M
A
t
t
t a
t
ty
t
t
er
m
ar
r
as
ca
se
w
u
)
he
d
ha
4
F
S
M
A
in
2
0
1
9
i
ing
inv
ig
ion
t
t
t
t w
t a
t
t
an
no
un
ce
as
ca
rry
o
u
n
es
a
ko
ko
's
f
d
d
d
he
d o
f
he
in
M
Gu
in
i
in
ing
i
Bo
D
ire
to
t
to
t
r
u
u
s,
ar
c
rs
re
se
rv
e
/
h
he
fe
bs
d
f
l
l
ig
ing
i
i
iar
ies
Tr
ig
N
N
2,
t,
tra
ts
to
to
t a
r
w
n
ns
rr
su
a
ur
a
re
q
ue
s
fo
fro
he
de
fu
l
ly
h
?
in
ion
in
in
is
inv
ig
ion
t
t
to
te
t
t
t
rm
a
m
m
or
r
co
op
er
a
es
a
(
)
f s
f
f v
fo
is
ha
i
b
le
i
h
ig
's
ig
h
i
de
d
in
5
I
Tr
t
t c
t
t
t o
to
o,
om
p
a
a
ur
a
r
e
p
ro
r
w
v
he
f
ly
?
F
ina
ing
Ag
Ju
2
0
1
9
t
t o
nc
re
em
en
b
l
he
d
is
Pu
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
5:
4
8:
1
6
C
E
S
T
n
ho
l
de
Ar
La
Pr
ts
t
na
u
ur
en
ox
y
r
he
d
lo
he
f
l y
he
he
d o
f
Q
ion
i
De
i
in
ina
ia
2
0
1
8,
t
to
t
to
t
te
t
t
ue
s
s
a
u
r
:
nc
ea
r
a
/
l a
d
f
(
ko
ko
)
de
f
d s
fra
d a
d
in
i
Ny
M
Gu
in
i
i
i
ie
iou
te
t o
ta
t
rn
a
u
rs
r
r
u
u
n
er
s
u
n
or
h
h w
f
d
by
he
ba
f a
ism
ic
irm
K
M
P
G
is
t,
t
m
an
ag
em
en
w
as
co
n
e
a
.o
on
s
o
f
le
la
ing
2
0
%
he
ion
in
ir
ie,
ho
in
d
ica
d
Po
P
t
to
t
tra
t
t
te
sa
m
p
re
o
ns
ac
s
r
w
ha
l
l
l
ke
ly
be
d
by
he
)

3
5 m
i
ion
i
1
Do
t
t
to
t
w
as
re
co
ve
re
co
m
p
an
y.
y
ou
(
h
k
f
he
b o
f a
d
de
b
le
fra
d
f.
in
i
is
j
i
i
t
t
t o
t
to
to
try
to
te
t p
p
ar
o
n a
u
r
c
os
s
u
c
l
lon
d
)
)
f n
ha
he
f
he
L
&
H,
Ca
i
W
ire
?
2
I
is
t,
t
t
tu
t
te
r
ca
r
o
w
n
a
re
o
g
ua
ra
n
e
,
ha
he
f a
d
de
fo
he
ha
ho
l
de
d
he
in
ion
i
i
t
t
t
te
t
to
t
t
rv
en
o
n a
u
r p
ro
v
s
r
s
re
rs
an
)
f s
ke
?
3
ha
da
d y
k
ing
ho
ds
in
de
I
t
te
t
to
m
ar
o,
ve
ou
a
p
ou
r w
or
m
e
or
r
y
/
de
h
fra
d a
d
he
f
l y
d
ism
in
ina
ia
2
0
1
9,
te
t s
t
t
c
uc
u
n
or
m
an
ag
em
en
nc
ea
r
an
i
f s
in
ha
?
t w
o,
w
ay
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
2
0
2
0
1
8:
0
C
S
Ju
5:
4
5
E
T
n
ho
l
de
Ar
La
Pr
ts
t
na
u
ur
en
ox
y
r
he
d
lo
(
d
)
)
he
ke
d
b
l
he
d
Q
ion
i
i
inu
is
De
4
Ha
Pu
t
to
t
to
t
te
t
ue
s
s
a
u
r
co
n
e
ve
y
ou
c
c
:
he
he
he
f
d
f
he
l
d
(
ko
ko
)
d
in
ing
In
Au
i
Se
ice
M
Gu
in
i
t
t
t
te
t
w
r
s o
rn
a
rv
r
u
u
an
le
d
f
he
l
da
f
fe
d a
l
f
K
P
M
G
to
t o
t
to
ta
t o
a
m
ea
su
re
m
en
m
ag
e s
re
s a
re
su
u
hr
ho
he
?
(
)
d y
he
k w
he
he
he
ism
5
D
i
t
t
t
t
t
t
m
an
ag
em
en
ou
g
u
g
ro
up
ou
c
c
r
b
le
l
ly
d
he
f
l y
?
in
ina
ia
2
0
1
9
ts
tu
t
re
co
ve
ra
am
ou
n
we
re
ac
a
re
co
ve
re
nc
ea
r
)
f n
d
d y
he
k w
he
he
he
b
le
fo
fra
d
6
I
i
t,
t
t
ts
o
ou
c
c
r
a
m
ou
n
re
co
ve
ra
r
u
/
d
de
d a
h
?
)
ism
7
S
inc
M
t w
an
or
m
an
ag
em
en
er
e r
ec
or
s s
uc
e
r
in
i
ko
ko
he
d o
f
he
d
i
de
d
ism
iss
d
in
Gu
Au
t
t
tm
t,
t
a
a
p
ar
en
wa
s
e
g
us
u
u,
u
ho
fo
he
le
f y
ks
2
0
1
9,
ion
ta
t p
t
t
ta
w
w
er
e y
ou
r c
on
c
er
so
ns
r
co
m
p
o
ou
r
s
la
d
he
l m
d
he
?
ing
E
G
M
te
to
t
t
t
re
en
er
a
ee
a
n
s
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
1:
0
9
C
S
5:
5
E
T
n
de
d
i
j
ier
t
s
n
g
ho
l
de
k n
f y
ha
k y
b
l
he
d
@
Ar
La
ion
is
Pr
Pu
ts
t
to
te
t
t
na
u
ur
en
ox
y
r:
we
o
o
o
ou
r q
ue
s
n
ou
,
h.
he
bo
d o
f
d
l
l a
la
la
d.
T
ire
i
i
ine
to
t
te
ve
ry
m
uc
ar
c
rs
w
ns
we
r
r,
as
ex
p
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
5:
5
7:
3
0
C
E
S
T
n
is
Va
Kr
Va
B
V
te
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
-
ion
fo
he
d
i
he
lem
inc
he
de
l
ive
b
l
is
he
d
Q
Q
Gr
B
V
B
A
Pu
te
t
t
to
t
ts
t
ua
n
ue
s
us
ou
r
p
a
r:
ar
e
re
a
ny
n
ew
e
en
s
e
ry
u
-
f
he
d
ha
d s
ho
l
d
be
d
?
i
im
ion
t
t r
t
t
t a
ta
t a
t
o
a
u
ep
or
re
p
or
n
n
u
m
en
e
f
ha
he
fe
d
fo
he
lum
de
Ca
irm
inc
ing
t
t
t
t
n y
ou
co
n
z
p
ro
ce
ss
es
u
se
r
vo
es
u
n
r
he
l c
be
f
d
du
he
Co
ia
ig
ing
Tr
Ny
t
tra
ts
tw
ta
t
m
m
er
c
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h m
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io
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2
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9 w
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t c
t
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Ha
t
t
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s
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nc
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w
ay
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m
m
er
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ou
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g
ra
n
n
/
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k
de
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d
d
fo
?
f
T
Cs
ine
Ca
irm
te
te
nc
ar
w
er
e
rm
n
or
ac
co
un
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n y
ou
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n
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lum
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bo
d
3
0,
0
0
0
5
t
t
t
t
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te
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ve
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am
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n
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f
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de
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l
da
ing
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2
0
2.
1
I
i
i
t,
te
av
er
ag
e p
ro
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e o
o
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ou
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ro
v
a
n
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he
?
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t a
ts
ex
ac
m
ou
n
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0
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2
0
2
0
1
5:
5
8:
2
0
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i
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s
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k n
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l
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d
@
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is
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B
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Q
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B
V
B
A:
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is
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n
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ua
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p
w
e
o
o
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l
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T
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to
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r q
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s
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ve
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rs
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,
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la
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i
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t
te
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as
ex
p
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0
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2
0
2
0
1
6:
0
6:
6
C
S
5
E
T
n
ho
ly
Va
W
V
3
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Pa
n
as
se
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ve
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ne
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d q
I
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ta
t
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ve
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w
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or
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he
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Ac
ing
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2
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0
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to
t
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t
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r
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ly
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9.
is
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Br
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ly
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t
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' m
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t
te
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t
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s p
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t
t
as
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os
)
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tru
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f
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ha
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ke
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W
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t a
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Ca
t
ts
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s
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ve
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fre
h
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lve
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d
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?
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is
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e c
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da
)
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la
d
]
3
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Re
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Q
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to
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i
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e.g
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r
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ize
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ur
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d
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1
1
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1
a
ur
a
n
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ig
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l
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Re
ing
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b
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Pu
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6:
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5
C
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d
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s
n
[
]
la
d
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Q
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2
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#
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re
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tn
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te
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2
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2
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Fu
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Pr
t
t
t
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l c
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2
0
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2
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Tr
C
Fr
i
ion
tm
t
ta
tr
t
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rg
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ee
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e
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By
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t
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p
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r
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Fu
in
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r
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Ju
t
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h
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t
t
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re
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0
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6:
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0:
3
9
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d
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t
s
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ho
ly
k n
f y
@
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V
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tn
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te
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as
se
n
ve
e
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er
s:
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o
o
o
ou
r
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ha
k y
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he
bo
d o
f
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l
l a
ion
T
ire
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i
t
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to
t
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s
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ve
ry
m
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rs
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r
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la
la
ine
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te
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as
ex
p
b
l
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d
is
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2
0
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0
1
6:
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4:
1
8
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te
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n
ns
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Q
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Gr
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A
ion
5
6:
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te
t
te
to
t
to
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n
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q
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on
p
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-
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(
),
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bo
d o
f
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5
1
t a
to
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t
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m
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h
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ing
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tru
tu
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as
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re
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r
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s
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p
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im
tra
t
tra
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t
t
t c
te
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ac
s,
re
g
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n
an
p
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/
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be
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1
1
1
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to
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p
ro
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t
t
t
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p
ro
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r
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2
0
1
9
tru
tu
ts
t
t
t
co
ve
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es
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r
co
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o
o
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l
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d
Pu
is
3
0
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2
0
2
0
1
6:
1
6:
0
0
C
E
S
T
n
de
d
i
j
ier
t
s
n
k n
@
Va
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is
Va
B
V
Q
Gr
B
V
B
A:
te
te
te
to
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
ua
n
us
ou
p
w
e
o
o
-
-
f y
ha
k y
h.
he
bo
d o
f
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l
l
ion
T
ire
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t
t
to
o
ou
r q
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ve
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rs
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ine
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t
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as
ex
p
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l
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0
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6:
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1
C
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E
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n
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o
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ly
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ar
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t
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P v
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ly
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m
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t
t
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en
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r
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um
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ue
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d c
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d
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ie
W
te
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t
ts
t
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m
p
s a
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om
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en
e w
ou
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o
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in
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ig
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n c
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l
he
d
is
Pu
3
0
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2
0
2
0
1
6:
2
8:
0
C
S
7
E
T
n
de
d
i
j
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t
s
n
k n
@
Va
Kr
is
Va
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Gr
V
A:
B
B
B
te
te
te
to
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
ua
n
us
ou
p
w
e
o
o
-
-
f y
ha
k y
h.
he
bo
d o
f
d
l
l
ion
T
ire
i
t
t
to
o
ou
r q
ue
s
n
ou
ve
ry
m
uc
ar
c
rs
w
,
i
la
la
ine
d.
t
te
an
sw
er
r,
as
ex
p
b
l
he
d
is
Pu
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
6:
3
3:
3
9
C
E
S
T
n
de
d
i
j
ier
t
s
n
l
le
de
lne
de
de
b
ko
de
b
de
@
i
j
is
i
j
a
e
m
er
s:
ro
n
vo
or
m
en
vr
ag
en
ze
f
lo
de
lee
de
b
ko
de
is
i
j
te
ta
t
a
g
es
n -
se
cre
r
s
m
en
vr
ag
en
n
u v
oo
r
l
l p
he
d
d
l q
d
ha
bo
be
los
d -
@
ic
ip
i
ion
ion
t
ts
t
t
t
a
ar
an
a
a
ue
s
ro
un
s
w
en
c
e
:
he
l
l r
d
he
d
d
l q
lou
d
i
i
ion
ion
t
ta
t
t
t
t
se
cr
e
ry
w
ea
a
a
ue
s
s o
u
no
w
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
8:
2
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0
6
C
E
S
T
n
de
dr
é -
in
du
Ba
An
So
Ho
rsy
g
em
s
l
d
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isy
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f
fe
in
he
bc
S
A
Ge
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A
t c
t
t
t
t
t
t
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n y
ou
n
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o
es
n
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e
c
e
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as
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w
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b
l
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d
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0
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0
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0
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3
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4
6
C
E
S
T
n
de
dr
é -
du
Ba
An
So
in
Ho
rsy
g
em
s
l
d
ha
ha
f
l
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f q
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do
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S
A
Ge
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A
ig
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is
in
to
tre
t
t
t m
tw
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t
t
tro
t
ve
s
nv
es
ss
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o
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s
s ,
se
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ug
w
w
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bc
ha
be
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fe
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On
t
t s
t
te
t a
on
w
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as
cr
ee
n,
ve
n
o
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re
g
re
e w
as
se
n
w
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fo
he
he
lre
dy
d.
he
d
inu
1
1 a
ion
T
te
t
m
s
re
m
w
n
se
ss
w
as
a
a
o
p
en
e
se
co
n
d
du
he
by
3 p
ing
i
ion
M
t
to
t
te
t
ca
m
e a
ro
un
m
r
a
ns
we
rs
w
r
n q
ue
s
s
f
ic
ing
ha
he
ion
d
du
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Va
A
te
te
t
t
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t
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n.
r n
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we
re
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r
y
d
f q
d
(
bo
)
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ing
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ise
4,
3
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I s
t
t a
t
trg
to
t
re
a
o
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a
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p
m
g
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co
ve
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d
he
by
d
l
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d
dr
l
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in
ina
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t
to
t
te
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en
m
ag
a
o
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ry
m
a
co
rp
or
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s w
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s
he
l a
d
dr
f
lea
do
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he
S
im
ion
M
P
t
t n
t
t
t
p
er
so
na
es
s o
ms
se
n
o
eg
se
q
ue
s
s.
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
8:
3
8:
3
2
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E
S
T
n
i
j
de
d
ier
t
s
n
é -
'@
de
dr
in
du
l
d
ing
Ba
An
So
Ho
S
A
Ge
S
A:
t
t s
rsy
g
em
s
nv
es
e c
an
no
ee
w
-
h
ha
bo
lea
d
he
ion
in
is
in.
t
t
t
t
y
ou
r q
ue
s
s
c
x -
p
se
se
n
m
ag
a
b
l
is
he
d
Pu
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
8:
5
2:
0
0
C
E
S
T
n
de
dr
é -
du
Ba
An
So
in
Ho
rsy
g
em
s
l
d
d
d
by
f
d
by
h
l a
ing
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i
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S
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M
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im
i
ie
is
i
6,
4
5 p
I
t
t
te
t
t
e
as
nv
es
re
q
ue
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ms
re
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m
a
m
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k
h
fo
h
fe
he
f q
he
im
is
ion
ies
ion
t
t
to
tra
t
tw
t
to
t
n
r
su
g
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es
ns
r
o s
er
o
ue
s
s
ha
be
de
d a
d a
d.
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irm
to
an
re
co
r
n
ns
we
re
,
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
8:
5
5:
4
3
C
E
S
T
n
ha
l
De
Vo
Ra
M
s
p
e
r
he
l
ly
d
b
le:
d
he
ha
T
ing
is
ina
i
ice
ixe
t
to
ta
to
t
t a
m
ee
u
n
um
er
ou
s v
o
s m
g
e
r:
w
fu
low
is
h
is
h
is
?
t
c
n
ss
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
8:
5
9:
1
9
C
E
S
T
n
de
d
i
j
ier
t
s
n
ha
l
fa
l
l,
he
fe
ly
@
De
Vo
Ra
M
ing
is
te
t
t
t
s
p
e
r:
as
r a
s w
e c
an
m
ee
p
er
c
de
da
b
le.
ta
un
rs
n
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
9:
0
0:
0
2
C
E
S
T
n
de
d
i
j
ier
t
s
n
'@
de
dr
é -
du
l
d
Ba
An
So
in
Ho
ing
S
A
Ge
S
A:
ion
t
t
rsy
g
em
s
nv
es
y
ou
r q
ue
s
s
-
l
l
be
d
by
he
fo
l
low
he
de
d
by
he
i
ing
i
t
ta
t
t
w
a
ns
we
re
se
cr
e
ry
a
ns
we
rs
p
ro
v
ha
irm
c
an
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
9:
1
2:
4
7
C
E
S
T
n
Va
Kr
is
Va
B
V
te
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
-
he
d
do
h
k
ha
he
fa
lur
bm
Q
Q
ion
Gr
B
V
B
A
i
in
i
i
te
t
to
t
to
t
t
t
t
to
t
ua
n
ue
s
us
ou
p
a
u
r:
y
ou
e
su
-
l
i
da
d a
he
da
f
fe
f
he
N
N
2 o
te
ts
t
t
te
tra
t
ts
to
co
ns
o
cc
ou
n
as
a
o
ns
r o
as
se
n
ly
ha
d
he
k o
f u
de
d
fra
d o
lp
3
1
Ju
2
0
1
9
inc
is
ice
?
t
te
te
t
s
re
as
e
r
n
c
u
r m
a
ra
c
h
k
b
le
ba
b
le
ha
fa
dm
b
le
Do
in
i
is
i
in
ina
iss
i
t
t
t
t
t
y
ou
p
os
s
or
p
ro
c
fe
ion
de
ion
ha
d
in
h
is
?
tra
t
t
t
tra
ns
ac
s o
r
m
ar
ca
s
ve
o
cc
ur
re
ns
r
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
9:
1
4:
1
0
C
E
S
T
n
i
j
de
d
ier
t
s
n
@
is
d
Va
Kr
Va
B
V
Q
Gr
B
V
B
A:
te
te
te
ns
an
n
ns
an
n
ua
n
us
ou
p
w
e p
as
se
-
-
he
d
ion
i
t
to
t
to
y
ou
r q
ue
s
o
n
a
u
r.
b
l
is
he
d
Pu
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
9:
1
4:
5
9
C
E
S
T
n
de
dr
é -
du
Ba
An
So
in
Ho
rsy
g
em
s
l
d
d
b
le
ho
f
f
f
be
!
ing
S
inc
A
Ge
i
S
A
ice
t
tw
t v
an
re
nv
es
ca
co
p
ny
o
o o
a
o
s
-
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
2
0
2
0
9:
3
C
S
Ju
1
1
5:
4
E
T
n
i
j
de
d
ier
t
s
n
'@
f
l
l p
ic
ip
i
l
l
ha
l
l r
inu
l
low
he
1
5 m
t
ts
te
to
t
a
ar
an
: w
e w
ve
a
sm
a
ec
es
s o
s
a
d
he
d
d
l q
i
i
ion
ion
to
to
to
t
t
t
au
r
p
re
p
ar
e a
n a
ns
we
r
a
a
ue
s
b
l
is
he
d
Pu
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
9:
3
0:
2
5
C
E
S
T
n
i
j
de
d
ier
t
s
n
'@
l
l p
ic
ip
ing
t
ts
ta
t
a
ar
an
: r
es
r
n
ow
b
l
is
he
d
Pu
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
9:
3
2:
0
3
C
E
S
T
n
de
d
i
j
ier
t
s
n
'@
l
l p
d
lea
l
fu
l
ly
fo
ic
ip
ing
is
t
ts
to
t
te
a
ar
an
: w
e p
ro
ce
e
vo
p
se
n c
ar
e
r
;
ins
ion
tru
t
c
s
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
2
0
2
0
9:
2:
3
C
S
Ju
1
4
4
E
T
n
i
j
de
d
ier
t
s
n
'@
f
l
l p
ic
ip
he
l
he
i
l
l
be
d s
ho
ly
t
ts
t
ts
t
te
te
t
a
ar
an
re
su
o
vo
w
p
re
se
n
r
:
b
l
is
he
d
Pu
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
9:
4
7:
0
4
C
E
S
T
n
de
d
i
j
ier
t
s
n
'@
l
l p
l
l s
ho
ly
d w
h
he
ic
ip
i
i
E
G
M
t
ts
t
t
t
a
ar
an
: w
e w
r
p
ro
ce
e
b
l
he
d
Pu
is
3
0
Ju
2
0
2
0
1
9:
5
6:
0
8
C
E
S
T
n
i
j
de
d
ier
t
s
n
'@
l
l p
ic
ip
he
i
l
l n
los
he
ing
ha
ks
M
t
ts
t
ta
t
t
t
a
ar
an
:
se
cr
e
ry
w
ow
c
e
m
ee
an
y
n
fo
ic
ip
ion
t
t
r y
ou
r p
ar
a
b
l
is
he
d
Pu

Annex 6

Questions and answers during the annual general meeting held on 30 June 2020

(Questions and answers that were formulated in Dutch, were freely translated into English.)

# Questions Answers
A. QUESTIONS TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
1. Could you explain in more detail: were the
directors legally incapable of being present, or did
they themselves choose not to be present, and is
The Board of Directors consists of members based
in both the United Kingdom and Jersey.
this their own choice? At the date hereof, the United Kingdom and Jersey
still discourages outbound travel, unless it is
essential
travel.
In
addition,
compulsory
self
isolation applies for 14 days after returning to the
United Kingdom for any type of travel. At the time
of the convening notice, stricter rules applied.
Moreover, the Belgian borders were closed at the
time of convening this general meeting. The Board
of Directors acted on the basis of the information it
had at the time of the convening notice of the
general shareholders' meeting.
For this reason, and for general public health
reasons,
Nyrstar
organised
the
meeting
in
accordance
with
the
applicable
legislation.
In
accordance with Royal Decree no. 4 of 9 April 2020,
the Company was allowed to organise the meeting
without the physical presence of shareholders.
In addition, the Company has, on its own initiative
and in consultation with the FSMA, provided
additional modalities: a live webcast, a chatbox
function for shareholders to put forward their
questions to the Board of Directors and the Statutory
Auditor
before
the
electronic
voting,
and
an
electronic voting system.
Finally: shareholders appear to be very active in the
chatbox, so the active participation of shareholders
in this meeting is certainly not limited by the
modalities of the meeting.
2. Moreover, we find that it is apparently possible
to be physically present with a large number of
people. It is only the shareholders who are
apparently not allowed to be present, although
there are only a few of them, while the directors
themselves prefer not to be present. What is the
use of such a display? And was it justified to
make such a large expense with the sole aim of
excluding these few shareholders from their own
We refer to our response to the previous question.
We deny your allegation. The Company had
concluded that under the current circumstances, in
light of the coronavirus outbreak, public health
concerns, widespread travel restrictions, and to
assist in protecting the health and well-being of the
Company's shareholders and representatives of the
Company, it was not possible to organise the
shareholders' meeting on 30 June 2020 as a physical
# Questions Answers
general meeting? meeting in a way that excludes all risk of further
spreading of the Covid-19 virus as envisaged by the
measures taken by the Belgian and other European
authorities to fight the Covid-19 pandemic.
Also,
when convening this meeting, the Company did not
have sufficient information to judge how the travel
restrictions affecting certain Board members would
have evolved by 30 June 2020.
Finally,
all
shareholders'
lawyers
have
been
admitted to the meeting. It is only fair that the
Company is equally supported.
3. We asked for names of people that intervened.
Your
answer
"people
with
experience
and
expertise in the sector" is vague and does not say
anything. We ask the list of names of people who
intervened, their function and their capacity. With
respect to the commercial director: what was his
name? Did he have a Trafigura background? Who
did he report to? Did the Board of Directors and
the Chairman intervene in a decision of the
commercial director, and, if yes, when and how,
is there any proof thereof and what was the
consequence?
We note that this question is outside of the scope of
today's meeting. However, we can advise that the
SVP
Metals
Processing
and/or
the
Chief
Commercial Officer responsible for the negotiation
of the 2015 frame agreements and the annual
negotiations of the Trafigura commercial term
amendments in 2015 to 2016 was Michael Morley;
in 2017 to 2018 was Sebastiao Balbino; and in 2018
to 2019 it was Christiano Melcher. In terms of the
curriculum vitae for these members of the Nyrstar
management
committee,
these
have
all
been
disclosed in the annual reports of the Company over
the relevant periods. All of these individuals
reported to the Chief Executive Officer and were
assisted by a team of raw materials sourcing
managers and the CFO, under supervision of the
Board. We are not aware of any of the members of
the Nyrstar commercial team having a background
with Trafigura at the time of their employment at
Nyrstar. For further details we refer to the extensive
response that was provided to questions 1 and 2 of
the written questions submitted to this meeting.
4. Since you now state that it was apparently
completely normal and usual that a long term
contract was entered into with prices that were as
close as possible to the usual spot rates, (i) why
was this then never transparently communicated
to the shareholders, or only after intervention of
the judge in summary proceedings and only in the
revised
annual
accounts
2018,
in
footnote,
published in September 2019 – i.e after the
restructuring was completed?
The individual terms negotiated between Nyrstar
and its suppliers are commercially confidential and,
as such, it is not normal for such terms to be
disclosed to the market. (Nyrstar wanted to be able
to differentiate transactions between suppliers and
customers and not have one set of pricing for all of
them.
That is the reason for which they do not
disclose.
Other global zinc smelters do the same.
There is no information on smelters' individual
transactions.) Therefore, as noted in the answers to
the written questions, Nyrstar has consistently
provided investors with the sensitivity of its earnings
to changes in the benchmark terms. The benchmark
terms are correlated to spot terms and, as such, the
sensitivity provided by the Company continues to
# Questions Answers
appropriately illustrate the impact on the Company's
earnings (measured as Underlying EBITDA) to
changes in the benchmark treatment charge terms.
Also, Nyrstar has made it clear in its reporting that
with the closure of the Century mine in 2015 it
would need to secure replacement tonnage in the
market at the market terms prevailing at the time.
5. With respect to question 5, you do not really
provide a response to the real question: what was
the real TC paid by Trafigura for the deliveries in
2019 of January up to and including 31 July, the
date on which the activities were transferred to
Trafigura? Given 31 July was the date of the
transfer, we ask as shareholders to review the
revenue streams realised between Nyrstar and
Trafigura. How can a transfer of assets and
activities take place if the conditions to which
earnings were taken into account were only
confirmed end 2019? Therefore, we repeat our
question: which volumes and to which conditions
(average discount on TC Benchmark or average
realized zinc treatment charges for the Trafigura
related volumes) were realized under the existing
contract between Trafigura and Nyrstar?
Can you process the volume zinc concentrate by
Nyrstar in July 2019 under the contract with
Trafigura, assuming that the realized volume
between Nyrstar and Trafigura in H1 2019 was
350.000 DMT at an average of 202,1 DMT? Can
you also clarify which the TC was paid by
Trafigura on the volume realized in July 2019?
We do not have details available as to the actual
realised discount to the benchmark treatment charge
achieved by Nyrstar for the 7 months to 31 July
2019. However, we can advise that the discount to
benchmark realised by Nyrstar in July 2019 would
have been very similar to the average discount to the
zinc benchmark treatment charge in H1 2019. The
average monthly volume of concentrate consumed
by Nyrstar in H1 2019 was 127.77kt of zinc
concentrate. This compares against the consumption
of zinc concentrate in July 2019 of 127.73kt. In the
period through to at least the end of July 2019,
Nyrstar was consuming zinc concentrate from the
Trafigura frame agreement that was provided under
the tranche 1 terms for 2019. These terms have been
disclosed in Nyrstar's reporting where it was noted
that in January 2019, it was agreed between Nyrstar
and Trafigura to marginally reduce the volume of
zinc concentrate to be delivered in 2019 to 475,000t.
Before the restructuring effective date (i.e. 31 July
2019), Nyrstar agreed the treatment charge for the
deliveries of 350,000t of the agreed 2019 annual
deliveries at the weighted average treatment charge
of \$202.10 per dry metric tonne. This compares to
the 2018 annual weighted average of \$37.20 per dry
metric tonne.
We do not have the data available for how much
Trafigura concentrate was consumed (only total
concentrate).
6. Dear, in the minutes you stated that Trafigura
negotiated
with
the
Bondholders
on
the
restructuring and not Nyrstar itself. This is
something that I find very odd and shows that
Trafigura is the actual one with the power. Please
clarify.
It is not correct that Trafigura was negotiating by
itself.
The restructuring negotiations involved the
creditors of which the interests were compromised.
These were, Trafigura (as creditor), the SCTF banks,
the
bondholders
and
many
others.
These
negotiations were dynamic and at times Nyrstar
could be excluded if creditors wished to negotiate
bilaterally, for instance if they considered that the
discussion
pertained
to
their
contractual
and
enforcement rights only. Nyrstar as the group was
at the center facilitating discussions and promoting a
consensual outcome, but, for the reasons mentioned,
# Questions Answers
there were also discussions not including Nyrstar. It
was in Nyrstar's corporate interest that its creditors
came to an agreement on a consensual restructuring,
as
a
non-consensual
restructuring
(bankruptcy)
would have harmed employees, creditors (they
would have had to write off more), shareholders (nil
recovery) and local governments (environment, tax).
Trafigura defended its own interest as creditor and
the bondholders and the banks did the same.
Nyrstar's part in the negotiation was to protect the
interest of all its stakeholders. Note that Trafigura
did
not
act
as
shareholder
in
any
of
these
discussions. As shareholder, they suffered the same
loss in value of the equity as other shareholders.
7. If Trafigura is the person with the real power and
was with Nyrstar and negotiated on behalf of
Nyrstar, then Trafigura negotiated with itself for
all other contracts (supplier and purchaser) as
well, I assume. Very nice for Trafigura but
detrimental for Nyrstar. This is contrary to good
corporate governance and seems even criminal to
me. Please clarify and back up your answer.
Trafigura has not negotiated any contract on behalf
of Nyrstar, not the commercial agreements, nor in
the restructuring.
As mentioned in the previous
question, in the restructuring Trafigura defended its
own interests as creditor and negotiated against bank
creditors and bond creditors.
8. In September 2018, there was a liquidity pool of
more than EUR 600 million. This would have
disappeared 6 weeks there after by higher
electricity prices and lower zinc prices? Please
back up by contracts because money does not
disappear as such. This is a criminal offence. I
remind you of what is currently happening with
Wirecard in Germany.
When Nyrstar issued its profit warning on 20
September, there was indeed an ample liquidity pool
and there was also liquidity end of October as
announced then. The higher electricity prices and
lower zinc prices were the reasons for the profit
warning on 20 September and the disappointing Q3
results. The liquidity run in November was different
and arose following the market's reaction after the
30 October results and the ABN Amro report titled
"Abandon Ship" dated 12 November 2018. For
completeness, no money disappeared – the liquidity
was used up: it was used for cash collateralisation
and immediate payment (no payment terms were
granted) and uncommitted lines were withdrawn
(See therefore also Questions A.25, A.28 and A.33).
The liquidity crisis was also interlinked with the
Company's high level of net debt. We also refer to
the annual report 2018, in which clarification was
provided regarding the Company's liquidity position
and capital resources:
"1.4 Liquidity Position and Capital Resources.
Net debt at the end of 2018 at EUR 1,643 million,
excluding the zinc metal prepay, was 49% higher
compared to the end of 2017 (EUR 1,102 million at
# Questions Answers
working capital outflow during Q4 2018 due to
higher commodity prices, no new silver prepays in
H2 2018, reduction in noncommitted letter of credit
lines from banking counterparties, tightened credit
terms
with
a
number
of
suppliers,
the
reclassification of EUR 82.5 million of prepayments
for deliveries of silver metal from deferred income
to loans and borrowing at 31 December 2018 as the
Group had no ability to settle by physical delivery of
silver
metal
from
its
own
production,
the
reclassification of EUR 50.7 million of prepayments
for deliveries of zinc metal from deferred income to
loans and borrowing at 31 December 2018 as the
Group had no ability to settle by physical delivery of
zinc metal from its own production and the
reclassification of perpetual securities (EUR 174.9
million at 31 December 2018) from equity to loans
and borrowings. The net debt inclusive of the zinc
metal prepay and perpetual securities at the end of
2018 was EUR 1,771 million, up 30% compared to
the end of 2017. Cash balance at the end of 2018
was EUR 239 million compared to EUR 68 million
at the end of 2017."
9. With respect to question 19: Did Bill Scotting
have a dissenting opinion with respect to the sale
or the retaining of mines, and the conditions
negotiated thereto, different to what was finally
implemented, and this in the time leading up to of
or during the Board of Directors of 13 December
2016? Was this relevant in any way for his
departure or dismissal immediately after the
Board of director of 13 December 2016?
We are not aware of Bill Scotting having had a
different opinion or strategy with regards to the
mine divestments. There was also no dissenting
opinion
reflected
in
the
minutes,
which
are
customarily circulated to all directors for their
review and approval, and he signed off on the press
release where he clearly stated the divestiture
strategy and programme.
10. In response to the answer to question 17:
How many potential buyers were included in the
second and subsequent rounds for each of the
mines in the sales process?
What were the names and capacities of the
persons in the Corporate Development team in
2016 and 2017?
What are the names of individuals on the
Corporate Development team in 2016 and 2017
(if not already clear)?
The number of potential buyers for the mining assets
varied depending on the quality of the assets and
were
all
at
different
stages
throughout
the
divestment process with differing levels of potential
buying interest. It was much more difficult for the
Company and its financial advisors, being BMO and
Lazard to solicit interest in the mines that were cash
flow negative or placed on care and maintenance at
the time. The Company provided quarterly updates
to its investors with regards to the divestment
process. An example of this is at page 12 of the H1
2016 results presentation. At this time, a sale had
been agreed for El Toqui and it was noted at the
time that at the current zinc prices (c. \$2,000/t) only
three of the assets were cash flow positive, being
Contonga, Langlois and East Tennessee. The El
Mochito mine at this time was cash flow negative
# Questions Answers
and the other four mines, being Coricancha, Campo
Morado, Myra Falls and Middle Tennessee, we are
all either on care and maintenance or suspension.
Similar updates were provided at subsequent result
calls (e.g., see page 11 of the Q3 2016 Interim
Management
Statement
presentation),
analysts
reports,
etc.
The
manager
of
the
corporate
development department reported directly to the
Chief Financial Officer.
11. With respect to question 20: why was the Zinc
Purchase Agreement guarantee (worth more than
200 million euros) not mentioned, and is only the
loan agreement mentioned? From the annual
report it can therefore only be deduced that either
only the loan agreement was sold for 3.8 million
USD, or that the Zinc in Concentrate Purchase
Agreement (worth more than 200 million USD)
was transferred for zero euro. May I also deduce
from your question that the Board of Directors
finally gave its approval for this transfer? Is it
possible to receive the corresponding report from
the Board of Directors, indicating who was
present, who signed and who submitted this
project to the Board of Directors?
This is a misreading of the Company's annual
report. The
2015
annual
report
refers
to
an
assignment of "all rights, title, benefits and interest"
(annual report 2015, note on zinc purchase interest
in the notes to the consolidated financial statements,
quoted under answer to Question A.20).
As noted in the detailed answers to the written
questions that have already been presented at this
meeting with regards to the Talvivaara streaming
agreement, Nyrstar was not a creditor in the
bankruptcy proceedings of Talvivaara. Nyrstar's
streaming agreement was not a debt but a physical
delivery obligation by Talvivaara. At the Board of
Directors meeting on 22 March 2015, the CFO/CEO
at the time, Mr Eigner, advised that following the
announcement by the Finnish State and Audley
Capital Advisors LLP on 12 March 2015, Nyrstar
had reviewed the prospects of recovering its zinc
streaming agreement with Talvivaara and confirmed
that it has impaired the value of the agreement. As
this was a significant event that occurred after the
Board's approval of the 2014 consolidated financial
statements, but before the ultimate approval by the
shareholders at the annual general shareholders'
meeting, Mr Eigner proposed that as the Talvivaara
impairment materially impacts the recoverable value
of the Zinc Streaming Agreement as at 31 December
2014 it should be recognized in the 2014 accounts to
enhance the relevance of information contained in
the
consolidated
financial
statements
of
the
Company. At the board meeting, it was resolved
that:
(a)
the consolidated financial statements for
the financial year ended on 31 December
2014
and
the
board
report
on
the
consolidated financial statements for the
financial year ended on 31 December 2014
be amended and re-issued to reflect the
Talvivaara impairment;
(b)
the consolidated financial statements for
# Questions Answers
the financial year ended on 31 December
2014
and
the
board
report
on
the
consolidated financial statements for the
financial year ended on 31 December 2014
in accordance with article 119 of the
Belgian Companies Code as amended in
accordance with (a) and subject to the
conditions referred to in section (c) below,
be approved for submission to the annual
general shareholders' meeting; and
(c)
each director, acting jointly with a second
director, or Mr Heinz Eigner,
Acting
CEO/CFO, or Mr Roman Matej, Group
Controller, of the Company, with power of
substitution, be and hereby is authorised, in
the name of and on behalf of the Board of
Directors, to initial, sign, execute and
deliver the amended consolidated financial
statements for the financial year ended on
31 December 2014 and the amended board
report
on
the
consolidated
financial
statements for the financial year ended on
31 December 2014 in accordance with
article 119 of the Belgian Companies Code
with such amendments and changes as they
may agree to or may deem necessary,
desirable or appropriate, such agreement or
such
belief
to
be
evidenced
by
the
execution and/or publication of the board
report
on
the
consolidated
financial
statements for the financial year ended on
31 December 2014 in accordance with
article 119 of the Belgian Companies Code.
The Board of Directors also assessed whether the
Talvivaara
impairment
materially
impacted
the
statutory financial statements of Nyrstar NV for the
year ended 31 December 2014. It was concluded
that the statutory financial statements were not
impacted and as such there was no need to amend
the statutory financial statements of Nyrstar NV
issued at 5 February 2015.
As per a previous answer, we have advised who was
present at the Board meeting that agreed and
resolved on the impairment of the Talvivaara zinc
streaming agreement.
We further note that, in accordance with Belgian
company law, the right of shareholders to ask
questions with respect to items on the agenda of the
meeting, does not involve the right to receive certain
documents.
# Questions Answers
12. Your answer to question 22 leaves room for
interpretation.
I
would
like
a
clear
and
unambiguous answer to the following question:
was the write-off of approximately EUR 210
million approved by the Board of Directors
(YES/NO)? Who was present at this Board of
Directors? (NAME AND SURNAME)
Yes. This impairment was approved by the Nyrstar
NV Board of Directors on 22 March 2015. Present
at the Board meeting were: Julien De Wilde
(Chairman), Ray Stewart, Karel Vinck, Oyvind
Hushovd and Carole Cable. Also present at the
meeting
were
Heinz
Eigner
(Chief
Financial
Officer), Virginie Lietaer (General Counsel and
Company Secretary) and Roel Meers (Baker &
McKenzie).
13. Questions to the Board of Directors concerning
the consequences in 2019 of the fraud and
mismanagement
identified
in
2018:
in
the
financial
year
2018,
serious
fraud
and/or
mismanagement was identified by the Head of
Internal Audit of Nyrstar (Mr Guinikoukou),
which was confirmed by a.o. KMPG on the basis
of a sample relating to 20% of the transactions in
Port Pirie, who indicated that only €35 million
was likely to be recovered by the company there
(but there was a serious lack of financial
governance throughout the group). 1) What
measures have you taken to detect and prevent
such fraud and/or mismanagement in the financial
year 2019 ? 2) Did you have a measurement
carried out of the total damage suffered by
mismanagement, throughout the group, and if so,
what (how much) was the result ? 4) Were these
amounts effectively recovered in the financial
year 2019? 3) If not, were the recoverable
amounts recorded as such, for how much and
where in the annual accounts?
We note that this question has previously been asked
and answered at the shareholders' meeting of 5
November 2019. At this meeting we noted as
follows:
"The board of directors, including the independent
directors, has fully investigated the allegations made
by the former internal audit manager which it has
reported to the regulator on 24 October 2018 and 5
August 2019 and which were the basis for the
publication of the article titled "FSMA investigates
possible tampering with financials at Nyrstar" dated
17 August 2019 in the Belgian newspaper De Tijd.
Based
on
these
investigations,
Nyrstar
has
concluded that absolutely none of the allegations
were a result of fraud and were unfounded, nor did
they lead to adjustments in the 2018 financial
statements. The allegations were also reviewed by
Deloitte as part of their audit for the financial year
ending 31 December 2018. As part of its audit
review, Deloitte included additional experienced,
senior and dedicated team members to challenge the
related concerned areas; held discussions with the
Company,
obtained
an
understanding
of
the
allegations made by the former internal audit
manager and the Company's responses to these
allegations; and reviewed the underlying supporting
documentation
prepared
by
the
Company
in
response to these allegations. Based on Deloitte's
consideration and evaluation of the Company's
responses to these allegations, they concluded in
their audit report that they are satisfied these
responses
form
an
appropriate
basis
for
the
conclusions reached by the board of directors that
there was no substance to the allegations."
14. Questions to the Board of Directors regarding Mr
Guinikoukou,
former
head
of
the
audit
department dismissed by the Board of Directors
in August 2019:
1) Do you confirm that he performed this function
Utilising the numbering in the question:
1) He performed his internal audit function for the
entire Nyrstar group. The Belgian listed parent,
Nyrstar NV was a company that the internal auditor
was responsible for; however, it is incorrect to state
# Questions Answers
for the entire Nyrstar group, and therefore mainly
the Belgian listed parent company?
that this legal entity was his sole priority. He was
hired in Switzerland as effectively the Group's
management has been based there since July 2010.
2) why was he hired at the subsidiary Nyrstar
Sales and Marketing in Switzerland, and not at
group level in Belgium?
3) did he enjoy protection by virtue of his position
if he was recognised as a whistleblower by the
Belgian market authority (the FSMA), as is the
case?
4) the FSMA announced in 2019 that it was
carrying
out
an
investigation
into
Mr
Guinikoukou's
findings,
did
the
Board
of
Directors reserve the right, when transferring its
subsidiaries to Trafigura/NN2, to request all
information from them in order to cooperate fully
in this investigation?
5) If so, is that compatible with Trafigura's right
of veto provided for in the Financing Agreement
of July 2019?
2) The internal auditor was employed by Nyrstar
Sales & Marketing AG as this was the primary
corporate employer within Nyrstar NV. All of the
Nyrstar Management Committee and almost all of
the
senior
corporate
management
team
were
employed by Nyrstar Sales & Marketing AG based
in Zurich. The internal auditor was based in Zurich
as this was the corporate headquarters for the
Company. It was necessary that the internal auditor
was a Nyrstar Sales & Marketing AG employee so
that he could reside and work within the corporate
headquarters in Zurich, Switzerland.
3) Mr. Guinikoukou filed a complaint with the
FSMA under the Belgian whistleblower protection
rules and was granted the benefit of protection by
the FSMA. The FSMA is examining certain matters
as it announced, but the Company does not
understand these matters to be the matters that Mr.
Guinikoukou raised with the audit committee.
In
any event, Mr. Guinikoukou's allegations were
investigated by Deloitte and Deloitte discusses its
findings in a detailed manner in its audit report in
respect of financial year 2018.
Mr.
Guinikoukou
was
dismissed
following
completion of the restructuring, by the operating
group then controlled by Trafigura. He had blown
the whistle in 2018 already, i.e. a year before his
dismissal. While we cannot comment on Trafigura's
reasons for dismissing him, we assume that this was
not a direct result of the whistleblowing, given the
time that had lapsed and the fact that many persons
in the Swiss headquarters were dismissed and
Trafigura made Budel its headquarters.
4) Yes – Nyrstar has an information right; it is
unaffected by the Financing Agreement.
5) Trafigura does not have a right of veto. It is also
worth noting that Nyrstar has, up until today, not
drawn on the Facility B provided by Trafigura to
fund litigation costs.
15. Ik heb enkele meer gedetailleerde vragen:
A. Volgens de Noteholder Presentation van 22
februari 2019 zou de BFFA (Brugfinanciering)
A. At 31 July 2019 the BFFA was drawn by EUR
229 million.
B. The offtake prepay is a physical delivery
# Questions Answers
niet volledig worden gebruikt tegen juli 2019. Het
staat (blijkbaar) niet in het overzicht van de
schuldsaldi voor en na de herstructurering dat op
de aandeelhoudersvergadering van 25 juni 2019
werd gepresenteerd. Wat was het opgenomen deel
van
de
BFFA
op
31
juli
2019
(na
de
obligation. As metal is delivered to the Customer
(Trafigura), the amount of the prepay reduces
accordingly. The Company does not have the
information on the outstanding amount of the prepay
at 30 June 2020 as Nyrstar Sales & Marketing AG is
now controlled by Trafigura.
herstructurering)?
B. Wat zijn de contractuele vereisten van de
'Trafigura Offtake Prepay' en wat is de status
ervan ten opzichte van andere passiva? Kan het
bedrag
worden
teruggebracht
tot
een
klein
commercieel bedrag (d.w.z. 40 miljoen EUR)
naarmate de vrije kasstroom van ex-Nyrstar
evolueert? Wat is de uitstaande pre-pay van 30
C. The amount drawn under SCTF at 30 April 19
was c. EUR 595 million and at 31 March 2019 EUR
600 million.
D. We do not have this information readily
available.
This is not a major sensitivity for the
Company we refer to the sensitivity metrics that we
did publish on a semi-annual basis as part of our
juni
2020
(vandaag)?
[In
verband
met
de
Schriftelijke Vraag #23]
C. Wat was het opgenomen bedrag aan het einde
van de maand van de SCTF-faciliteit in 2019,
bijvoorbeeld op 31 maart 2019, 30 april 2019?
D. Wat was de (gemiddelde) premie per ton voor
Zinkmetaal (indien mogelijk per formaat) die aan
Trafigura werd verkocht?
regular reporting.
E en F. Again, this is a question which goes beyond
the scope of today's agenda. We can however,
advise
as
follows
with
regards
to
the
lead
concentrate supply agreement with Trafigura. The
treatment charge for delivery of 20,000 dmt of lead
concentrate in 2016 under the Lead Supply Contract
was fixed at USD 150 per dry metric ton, CIF FO
E. Wat was de effectieve Loodverwerkingslonen
per ton die Trafigura in 2019, 2018, 2017 en 2016
heeft betaald?
F. Wat is de volledige lijst van wijzigingen met
(Incoterms) Port Pirie, Australia, with no premium
for the remote location. At the time this treatment
charge
was
negotiated,
the
2016
benchmark
treatment charge was yet to be established and the
spot indication was about USD 160 per dmt. For the
period 2017 and onwards, the Lead Supply Contract
betrekking tot het leveringscontract van Nyrstar
Trafigura (Nyrstar-Trafigura Supply Contract)?
Waren er nog andere commerciële, transport-,
behandelings- en opslagcontracten die tussen
Nyrstar en Trafigura zijn afgesloten (inclusief
wijzigingen)?
Kunt
u
voor
elk
van
deze
contracten aangeven wie ze heeft ondertekend?
[In verband met Schriftelijke Vraag #2]
stipulated that the treatment charge in any year was
to be at a negotiated discount of between USD 50
and USD 100 per dry metric ton from the lead
benchmark terms as agreed between South 32, the
owner of the Cannington mine, and Korea Zinc. For
most of the period 2016 - 2018 the differential
between the benchmark and spot treatment charges
H. Wat was de gemiddelde zinkkwaliteit van het
zinkconcentraat dat in 2019, 2018, 2017 en 2016
van
Trafigura
werd
gekocht?
Wat
was
de
zinkkwaliteit van het zinkconcentraat dat in
dezelfde periode bij andere leveranciers werd
gekocht?
was between USD 50- USD 130 per dmt. Similar to
amendments to the Zinc Supply Contract, the
amendments to the Lead Supply Contract detailed
the change in delivery terms from CIF to DAP, with
an option for Nyrstar to go to ex-works (ex
warehouse) for concentrate delivery. This was for
the benefit of Nyrstar. Amendment 3 added 11,000
I. Verdere uitsplitsing van de brutowinstlijn voor
de verwerking van zinkmetalen in 2018 en 2019
(bijv. Verwerkingslonen - Gratis metaalbijdrage -
Premies - Bijproducten - Overig)
dry metric tons of Cannington lead concentrate to
the 2017 total. The Cannington parcel was covered
under a separate frame contract between Nyrstar and
South 32, the owner of the Cannington mine. At the
time of a scheduled delivery of Cannington lead
J. Verdere uitsplitsing in de lijn van de directe concentrate, Nyrstar was facing financial challenges,
# Questions Answers
bedrijfskosten
voor
de
verwerking
van
zinkmetalen
in
2018
en
2019
(bijv.
Personeelskosten
-
Energiekosten
-
Overige
kosten)
K. Wat is het totale contante bedrag dat Nyrstar
van Telson Resources heeft ontvangen uit de
verkoop van Campo Morado per 31 juli 2019 en
30 juni 2020? Wat is het totale geldbedrag dat
Nyrstar nu verwacht te ontvangen van het
contract in de toekomst?
so the three parties agreed that Trafigura would
purchase the concentrate from South 32 and then
resell it to Nyrstar at the same terms and conditions
as were set out in the South 32 contract. This
arrangement was to the benefit to Nyrstar, not
Trafigura. Amendment 4 fixed the treatment charge
for the 2017 deliveries at \$51.20, indicating a
discount to the 2017 benchmark of \$78.80 per dry
metric, based on a benchmark treatment charge of
\$130 per dry metric ton. The spot market indication
at the time was USD 45 per dry metric ton. The
concentrate tonnage to be purchased in 2017 was
reduced in the amendment to 20,000 from 50,000
dry metric tons, excluding the parcel of Cannington
added in Amendment 3. At the time Nyrstar was
experiencing
construction
delays
at
the
redevelopment of its lead smelter in Port Pirie.
Trafigura reduced the contract tonnage with no
penalty. Finally, Amendment 5 cancelled all tonnage
for
2018,
due
to
on-going
issues
at
the
redevelopment of the Port Pirie smelter, again with
no penalty and no implications for 2019 tonnage.
The
amendment
agreements
were
signed
in
accordance with Nyrstar's delegated authority policy
and thus signed by the Chief Commercial Officer at
the time.
H. The average zinc grade was approximately 56%
zinc contained in the period 2016 to 2019. This
average
grade
is
consistent
with
concentrates
purchased from Nyrstar's other suppliers.
I. The gross profit and direct operating cost
breakdowns are provided in Nyrstar's FY 2018 and
H1 2019 published results releases.
J. We cannot advise as to what is expected going
forward from Telson Resources, as this relates to
future payments to the Nyrstar operating group and
not Nyrstar NV. Also, we cannot advise as to what
was received from Telson as at 30 June 2020 as this
again is beyond the restructuring effective date and
hence not a payment to Nyrstar NV.
16. Question related to question 56: on top of the K. They did not pay anything between 31 December
2018 and 31 July 2019. Before that they paid 14.5
million USD.
There have been some additional fees incurred on
costs for advice, management and board of the restructuring (e.g. notary fees etc.). The main fee
directors (see question 51), are there other costs of
USD
14.9
million
representing
incentive
# Questions Answers
that can be associated with the restructuring such
as fees paid for financial transactions, registration
fees and the like that can be imputed to the
provision of 101.7 million euro on 31/12/2018?
Can it be concluded from this that this provision
was
sufficient
or
insufficient
to
cover
all
restructuring costs until the closing of the books
for 2019?
payments of EUR13.5 million of fees paid to the
former
Nyrstar
noteholders
and
convertible
bondholders
who
signed
up
to
the
Lock-up
Agreement before the end of the "early bird period".
These fees were not borne by Nyrstar. As disclosed
in the Trafigura Group's publicly available 2019
annual report, these fees were considered by
Trafigura as part of their purchase consideration. All
costs related to the restructuring that have been
appropriately included in the provision of EUR
110.7 million at 31 December 2018. The provision
was sufficient to cover all incurred restructuring
expenses. Following the utilisation of the provision
in 20189, the balance of the restructuring provision
at 31 December 2019 was Nil. The information
related to this question has been already provided in
the answer to Written Question #58.
17. As a general remark, we note that many of the
answers, although seemingly comprehensive, are
often wholly or partly beside the question and
provide very little in terms of content, particularly
with regard to the transparency sought. For
example, the consistent refusal to provide detailed
explanations on essential documents such as the
KPMG opinion letter and the D&P valuation
report remains shocking, given the extremely
important role attributed to them to justify the
hastily
implemented
restructuring
and
the
numerous
questions
about
their
content,
assumptions and qualified comments. We would
therefore
once
again
insist
on
clear
and
unambiguous answers.
The Board of Directors and I do not agree with this
and take offence at the way you formulate it given
the considerable amount of work we have done to
answer the questions. We do our utmost to answer
all the questions, even if those questions sometimes
repeat themselves (and therefore the answers), and
even if the answers to the questions are often simply
to be found in all the documents made public. We
have answered your questions to the best of our
ability and where possible.
18. I have listen to the answers to the written
questions sent by M. Vansanten on June 26th. In
the answer to question 28 you mention precise
dates up to 20/21 September (repurchase of 10
million nominal value of the 2019 bond). No
dates are given for the events of the weeks
thereafter, but « It was only later… ». Please
specify
at
which
date
the
events
further
mentioned occurred and the kind of counterparties
involved. Was any affiliates of the Trafigura
Group included in these « counterparties » ?
The response that we have provided to this question
in the written questions and answers is already very
extensive, including dates. We are not aware of any
relationships that Trafigura may have had with
Nyrstar's creditors/counterparties at this time.
19. At which date was this « Abandon Ship report of
ABN issued. Could you provide a copy of this
report or indicate where it could still be available?
Has ABN been part of any bondholder group or
representative in the Ad Hoc Bondholders Group?
The Abandon Ship article was published by ABN
Amro on 12 November 2018 and is possibly
available directly from ABN Amro.
# Questions Answers
20. Since the full year 2018 – a critical period for the
company – your statutory auditor delivers a
Qualified Opinion because of lack of sufficient
appropriate and complete information received
from the management and board of the company.
Why did you not take the transparency steps
needed to comfort your auditor, which should be
a basic commitment of the Board ?
The Board has done everything within its power. As
previously noted by Nyrstar in response to similar
questions raised at the shareholders' meeting on 5
November 2019, the Company has taken external
advice on the manner it has dealt with Deloitte, and
that the conclusion of such advice was that the
Board of Nyrstar NV has fully complied with all
applicable laws, rules and regulations in this respect
(including regarding the provision of information to
Deloitte as well as replying to all questions raised
during the audit process). We have also discussed
Mr. de Barsy's question with the Statutory Auditor
and the auditor refers to the presentation that it has
given at the occasion of the shareholders meeting of
5 November 2019 to explain the qualification.
21. Who has been responsible for giving all relevant
information to the auditors ? The answer should
eventually distinguish different period since end
of 2017. What was the role in this respect of the
Executive Chairman when M. Konig choose to
act in this capacity? Was M. Hilmar Rode
involved, as he signed with M. Konig on
September 27, 2019 – three days before formally
leaving with a comfortable severance pay, shortly
after receiving an even higher retainer fee ! -for
responsibility
of
the
delayed
accounts
at
December 31, 2018 ?
We assume you are referring to 2018. The auditor of
the Company is reporting to the Audit Committee.
The day-to-day interaction with the auditor is
managed by the finance team led by the CFO. There
are many people involved in the audit depending on
the
question,
especially
in
such
exceptional
circumstances as Nyrstar experienced in relation to
its 31 December 2018 audit. When Mr. Konig was
appointed as the Executive Chairman, his position
changed from being a non-executive director to that
of an executive director. Mr. Konig continued to
interact with Deloitte as a member of the Nyrstar
Board. As such, there was no change to the manner
in which Mr. Konig interacted with the auditor in
this role. Mr. Rode was the CEO and an executive
director of the Company for FY 2018. As such, it
was appropriate that he signed the accounts for this
period.
22. Why has Deloitte been replaced by PwC at
Nyrstar Belgium with retroactive effect in such a
way that this company accounts at 30/09/2019 are
not covered by Deloitte ?
As you can see from the financial statements of
Trafigura that are publicly available, PwC is the
Statutory Auditor of Trafigura. You can also see
from these accounts that the accounting year end for
Trafigura is 30 September.
B. QUESTIONS TO THE STATUTORY AUDITOR
23. Questions to the auditor Deloitte: in the financial
year 2018, the head of internal audit of Nyrstar
(Mr Guinikoukou) identified serious fraud and/or
mismanagement, which was confirmed by a.o.
KMPG on the basis of a sample relating to 20%
of the transactions in Port Pirie, who indicated
that €35 million was likely to be recovered by
the company. 1) Do you think it is part of the job
We will address question 1, 2 and 3 together. We
conduct
our
audit
in
accordance
with
the
International Standards on Auditing (ISA), as
applicable in Belgium. The question you raise is
governed by ISA standard 240, entitled "The
auditor's responsibilities relating to fraud in an
audit of financial statements". Paragraph 5 of this
standard stipulates the following in the chapter
# Questions Answers
of an auditor to try to detect possible fraud (cf.
L&H, Carillon, Wirecard)? 2) If not, what is the
nature of the guarantee that the intervention of an
auditor provides for the shareholders and the
market? 3) If so, have you adapted your working
methods in order to detect such fraud and/or
mismanagement in the financial year 2019, and
if so, in what way? 4) Have you checked whether
the findings of the Internal Audit Service (Mr
Guinikoukou) and KPMG led to a measurement
of the total damage suffered as a result of
"Responsibilities of the auditor". I quote: "An
auditor conducting an audit in accordance with
ISAs
is
responsible
for
obtaining
reasonable
assurance that the financial statements taken as a
whole are free from material misstatement, whether
caused by fraud or error. Owing to the inherent
limitations of an audit, there is an unavoidable risk
that some material misstatements of the financial
statements may not be detected, even though the
audit
is
properly
planned
and
performed
in
accordance with the ISAs."
mismanagement throughout the group? (5) Did
you check whether the recoverable amounts were
actually recovered in the financial year 2019? 6)
If not, did you check whether the amounts
recoverable for fraud and/or mismanagement
were
recorded
as
such?
7)
Since
Mr
Guinikoukou, head of the audit department, was
dismissed in August 2019, who were your
contact persons for the completion of your tasks
related to the general meeting and the EGMs?
In accordance with the auditing standards, the
auditor is responsible for maintaining professional
skepticism throughout the audit. We continuously
adapt our audit procedures in view of our findings
and the context in which we operate.
For all other aspects, we refer to the full text of the
ISA standard 240, which is publicly available.
For question 4, 5 and 6, we refer to our audit report
on the consolidated financial statements as of 31
December 2018, and more specifically to the key
audit matter "Allegations by the former Internal
Audit manager", where our audit procedures are
disclosed.
Question 7: As you are aware, the Head of Internal
Audit is not our only contact person in the context
of our audit. We are in contact with, amongst
others,
the
directors,
the
audit
committee,
management, CFO and all other persons whom we
consider relevant in the context of our assignment.
24. Question for the auditor: are there any new
elements since the delivery of the audit report
that are important and should be mentioned?
Can you confirm that the zinc processing fees
used for the volumes under the Commercial
contracts between Trafigura and Nyrstar during
the period from 1 January to 31 July 2019 were
in line with market conditions and under normal
commercial conditions? Have you identified any
significant differences in the way commercial
discounts granted on benchmark TCs were
determined and/or accounted for? Can you
confirm that the volumes under the above
contracts amounted to 350,000 to an average
processing fee of USD 202.1? If not, can you
provide and validate the exact amounts?
With respect to the question whether there are any
new elements since the issuance of our audit report
of 12 February 2020, we refer to the various
summary proceedings initiated by a number of
shareholders against the company, the continued and
broadened investigation by the FSMA as announced
by the company in its press release of 1 June 2020
and the writ of summons on the merits, which was
launched by a number of shareholders against the
company
before
the
Commercial
Court
of
Antwerpen, Turnhout division.
For the remaining part of the question, we remark
that the approval of the standalone annual account
for the financial year ended 31 December 2019 is on
the agenda today. As included in disclosure 6.20 to
the annual accounts, the company did not enter into
commercial transactions with Trafigura in the 2019
financial year. In addition and as the company did
# Questions Answers
already
confirm,
no
consolidated
financial
statements have been drawn up as at 31 December
2019.
25. Question to the auditor: do you think that the
failure to submit consolidated accounts as at the
date of transfer of the assets to NN2 on 31 July
2019 has increased the risk of undetected fraud
or malpractice? Do you think it is possible or
probable that in fact inadmissible transactions or
demarcations have occurred in this transfer?
Your question does not concern our audit report of
12 February 2020 and I am therefore unable to
answer it in the context of this general shareholder's
meeting."

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