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Norcod — Interim / Quarterly Report 2024
Jun 6, 2024
3675_rns_2024-06-06_146203f3-4f6c-40ae-aa62-88a6d88f289f.pdf
Interim / Quarterly Report
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Norcod Q1-2024 Financial report

Q1 2024 Highlights
- 118 MNOK in revenues, down 5% from 125 MNOK in Q1-23
- 48 MNOK in operating loss, 46% improvement from 88 MNOK in Q1-23
- Production cost NOK 39,75 per kg WFE
- 2 765 tons WFE harvested, down 17% from 3 362 tons WFE in Q1-23
- Accumulated BFCR 0.97 and EFCR 1.08 on harvested biomass
- China entry attractive market opportunities lying ahead
- Executed measures to improve financial robustness and enable further growth 174 MNOK in gross proceeds from private placement and subsequent offering
Post Q1 2024 Highlights
- Increased financial and operational headroom from additional credit and revised covenant structure on DNB credit facility
- Third cycle stocked at Jamnungen

Operational update
During the quarter, Norcod has harvested cod from the sites Jamnungen (Frøya Municipality) and Forså (Ibestad Municipality). The cod has been harvested at Norcod's harvesting facility Kråkøy Slakteri. Accumulated biological feed conversion ratio (BFCR) in the harvested biomass is 0.97. Accumulated economic feed conversion ratio (EFCR) in the harvested biomass is 1.08. 91% of the harvested volume holds superior quality.
At the end of the quarter, Norcod's biomass at sea totaled 6 599 tons. Net growth during the quarter is 1 586 tonnes, amid heavy investments in biomass and a satisfactory feed conversion rate and stable and predictable mortality. According to officially reported statistics*, Norcod's share of total export volume of harvested cod during the quarter was 65%, and at the end of the quarter, Norcod holds 50% of the total biomass volume. Norcod's main market during 2023 has been Central and Western Europe. During the quarter, Norcod has been granted a new contract with a Chinese customer at favorable market prices, and Norcod has an ambition to strengthen its market position in the Chinese market during 2024.
Total export volume during the quarter
Standing biomass at the end of the quarter


Financial Update - Highlights


Production cost (NOK per kg WFE)

Revenues (MNOK) Available credit and cash at hand (MNOK)

Available credit Cash at hand

Financial Update - Highlights



Balance sheet development – Assets (MNOK) Balance sheet development – Equity and liabilities (MNOK)

Financial Review
| Q1 2024 | Q1 2023 | Y/Y-% | FY 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating revenue | 118 469 125 107 | -5,3 % | 269 419 | |
| Production cost* | 109 902 | 142 616 | -22,9 % | 312 141 |
| Other operating expenses** | 56 432 | 70 522 | -20,0 % | 191 961 |
| EBIT excl non-recurring items and FV adjustment of biomass | -47 865 | -88 031 | 45,6 % | -234 683 |
| Non-recurring items | 0 | 0 | 0,0 % | 21 110 |
| FV-adjustment of biomass | 2 264 | 60 227 | 96,2 % | 38 623 |
| EBIT | -45 601 | -27 804 | -64,0 % | -217 170 |
| Harvest volume WFE | 2 765 | 3 362 | -17,8 % | 6 155 |
| Production cost NOK per kg* | 39,75 | 42,42 | 6,3 % | 50,71 |
| *Before harvest, wellboat, freight and non-production admin | ||||
| **During Q4-23, the company has made capacity adjustments to align future |
production with the company's growth plan

Financial Review
Profit and loss first quarter 2024
Operating revenues came in at 118 MNOK in Q1-24, down from 125 MNOK in Q1-23 amid decreased harvest compared to the corresponding quarter last year. Operating expenses ended at 166 MNOK, down from 213 MNOK in Q1-23. The decrease is mainly explained by lower harvest volume compared to the corresponding quarter last year, partly offset by additional cost base from structural changes in the Group from the consolidation of Kråkøy slakteri from the second half of 2023.
Production cost per kg has decreased from 42.42 NOK/per kg WFE in Q1-23 to 39.75 NOK per kg WFE in Q1-24. The decrease is mainly explained by improved biology and feed factor. The company will continue its diligent work to streamline processes and optimize biology to reduce costs further.
Operating loss ended at 48 MNOK, down from 88 MNOK in the corresponding quarter last year. Net loss for the period ended at 55 MNOK, up from 43 MNOK in Q1-23.
Balance Sheet
Total assets ended at 783 MNOK in Q1-24, up from 528 MNOK in Q1-23. The change from last year is mainly explained by increase in biological assets and property, plant and equipment, biological assets and cash and cash cash equivalents. Available credit ended on 2 MNOK and cash at hand ended at 141 MNOK with total available funds ending at 143 MNOK, up from 6 MNOK in Q1-23. After the quarter, the covenant structure on the company's credit facility has been revised, increasing the company's financial and operational headroom.
Total equity ended at 334 MNOK, up from 134 MNOK in Q1-23.
Financial Review
Balance Sheet cont.
Total non-current liabilities ended at 150 MNOK in Q1-24, up from 61 MNOK in Q1-23. Current interest bearing debt ended at 128 MNOK in Q1-24, down from 173 MNOK in Q1-23. Total current liabilities ended at 299 MNOK in Q1-24, down from 333 MNOK in Q1-23. The decrease is mainly driven by increased cash flows from the recurring and stable harvesting levels during the quarter, combined with liquid funds from the private placement executed during the quarter.
Cash Flows
Net cash flows from operating activities was -41 MNOK in Q1-24 compared to 9 MNOK in Q1-23. The decrease is explained by working capital changes. Net cash flows from investing activities was -1 MNOK in Q1-24 compared to 67 MNOK in Q1-23. During the quarter, Norcod upgraded technincal equipment which had a negative impact on cash flows from investing activities. Cash flows from financing activities ended at 164 MNOK in Q1-24, compared to 180 MNOK during Q1-23. The decrease is mainly explained by the increase in bank overdraft during Q1-23 and proceeds from share issues.

Outlook
Norcod has reached a point where it provides stable deliveries of high-quality cod all year round. The company has along with its shareholders invested heavily and succeeded in developing and pioneering sustainable cod farming on an industrial scale, with weekly deliveries and expected annual production of ten metric tons in 2024.
Norcod's vision, strategy and long-term goals stand firm. Farmed cod is a proven part of the solution to providing the world's growing population with a reliable, sustainable and healthy protein source. The product's market potential is clearly demonstrated by a combination of factors, including recent contract awards at favorable price points, feedback from retail customers and the fact our product has been embraced by leading chef's. In addition, there is a general increase in demand for seafood in many of our markets.
The company's key tasks at hand going forward are two-fold: Firstly, a continued vigilant focus on cod biology and fine tuning of the feeding regime, the production processes, and the utilization of production capacity. Secondly, stepping up efforts to develop the market and positioning our product in a premium niche category, with corresponding sales prices and contracts.
Continued focus in these two areas will enable us to deliver on our number one priority of achieving profitability at current production levels. Beyond this goal, we will take a step-by-step approach to building up volume in line with market demand at favorable sales prices.
In order to align operational processes with the company's revised growth strategy, Norcod will during 2024 initiate measures to focus resources in key areas and improve the company's financial performance. The company's ambition is to streamline operations and develop a more efficient and commercially oriented business.
In the years to come, Norcod will increase production and harvest volume at a pace that is beneficial for the environment, our customers, and our shareholders.
Green visions for a blue future

Norcod in a sustainable global food system
- Zero use of antibiotics
- Certified feed ingredients
- Best possible score regarding seabed surveys
- Hybrid-electric vessels and feed barges
- Highly nutritious and flavourful product good for everyone and the planet – Cod above the rest
- 90 % utilization of the cod for human consumption
Looking ahead
- Aiming to increase the survival rate to 90 % per cycle within 2030
- Targeting for 98 % utilization of the cod for human consumption
- 30 % reduction in carbon footprint by 2030 (Scope 1, 2, 3) per kg edible yield
- Keep zero escape incidents
- Available tools not only to prevent and detect, but fully control maturation
| Devoted to |
|---|
| --------------- |
| People | Cod | Nature | Innovation & Profit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human rights | Fish Welfare | The ocean | Research and development |
| Safe work environment | Production environment | Local and global environment | |
| Local communities | Product quality | Biodiversity | Year-round harvest |
| Gender equality | Increase yield | Responsible producer | |
| Aquaculture education | Food safety | Fish feed | Market development |
| Customers | Climate action |

Interim condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income
| Consolidated statement of comprehensive income | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Amounts in NOK '000) | Note | Q1 2024 | Q1 2023 | FY 2023 |
| Operating revenue | 118 469 | 125 107 | 269 419 | |
| Cost of materials | 103 024 | 164 487 | 315 439 | |
| Salaries and personnel expenses | 22 202 | 13 499 | 67 845 | |
| Depreciation, amortization and impairment | 8 967 | 4 998 | 29 095 | |
| Other operating expenses | 32 141 | 30 154 | 111 532 | |
| Operating expenses | 166 334 | 213 138 | 523 911 | |
| Operating profit/ loss(-) before fair value adj. of biomass | -47 864 | -88 031 | -254 492 | |
| Fair value adjustment biomass | 1 | 2 264 | 60 227 | 38 623 |
| Operating profit/loss | -45 600 | -27 804 | -215 869 | |
| Share of profit/ loss(-) from associates | 0 | -2 201 | 1 489 | |
| Net financial items | 4 | -9 415 | -12 762 | -34 921 |
| Profit/loss before tax | -55 016 | -42 767 | -249 301 | |
| Income tax expenses | 0 | 0 | 3 121 | |
| Net profit/loss for the period | -55 016 | -42 767 | -246 180 | |
| Other comprehensive income | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Total comprehensive income for the period | -55 016 | -42 767 | -246 180 |

Interim condensed consolidated statement of financial position
Consolidated statement of financial position
| (Amounts in NOK '000) | Note | YTD Q1 - 2024 |
LYTD Q1 - 2023 |
Full year 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASSETS | ||||
| Non-current assets | ||||
| Concessions, patents, licenses, trademarks and similar rights | 2 | 2 000 | 2 000 | 2 000 |
| Property, plant & equipment | 144 968 | 81 972 | 148 246 | |
| Right-of-use assets | 194 273 | 126 155 | 198 776 | |
| Investment in associated companies | 3 | 0 | 31 310 | 0 |
| Other investments | 3 | 505 | 502 | 505 |
| Other non-current receivables | 3 | 0 | 40 000 | 0 |
| Total non-current assets | 341 745 | 281 938 | 349 527 | |
| Current assets | ||||
| Inventories | 1 | 7 086 | 10 089 | 8 093 |
| Biological assets | 1 | 243 839 | 173 029 | 272 052 |
| Short-term receivables | 49 938 | 58 321 | 46 344 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 140 859 | 4 284 | 18 777 | |
| Total current assets | 441 723 | 245 723 | 345 267 | |
| TOTAL ASSETS | 783 468 | 527 661 | 694 793 |

Interim condensed consolidated statement of financial position
Consolidated statement of financial position
| YTD | LYTD | Full year | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Amounts in NOK '000) | Note | Q1 - 2024 | Q1 - 2023 | 2023 |
| EQUITY AND LIABILITIES | ||||
| Equity | ||||
| Share capital | 21 797 | 9 609 | 14 714 | |
| Treasury Shares | -3 707 | -3 707 | -3 707 | |
| Share premium | 1 003 472 | 553 043 | 846 043 | |
| Retained earnings | -687 259 | -425 034 | -632 243 | |
| Total equity | 334 304 | 133 912 | 224 806 | |
| Liabilities | ||||
| Non-current interest-bearing debt | 4 | 30 115 | 0 | 29 284 |
| Lease liabilities | 4 | 120 286 | 61 044 | 124 182 |
| Total non-current liabilities | 150 401 | 61 044 | 153 465 | |
| Current leasing Liabilities | 32 156 | 17 453 | 32 642 | |
| Current interest-bearing debt | 128 119 | 172 511 | 119 356 | |
| Trade payables | 107 408 | 119 125 | 135 863 | |
| Other current liabilities | 31 080 | 23 616 | 28 661 | |
| Total current liabilities | 298 764 | 332 706 | 316 522 | |
| TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES | 783 468 | 527 661 | 694 793 |

Interim condensed consolidated statement of changes in equity
| Interim condensed consolidated statement of changes in equity | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Amounts in NOK '000) | Paid-in equity | Other equity | ||||
| 2023 | Share capital | Treasury shares | Share premium | Retained earnings |
Total equity | |
| Equity as of 1 Jan 2023 | 9 609 | -3 707 | 553 043 | -382 266 | 176 679 | |
| Issue of shares 10.05.2023 | 3 175 | 176 065 | 179 240 | |||
| Issue of shares 05.07.2023 | 289 | 19 592 | 19 881 | |||
| Issue of shares 13.07.2023 | 164 | 9 350 | 9 514 | |||
| Issue of shares 25.08.2023 | 1 477 | 84 196 | 85 673 | |||
| Net profit/loss for the year | -246 180 | -246 180 | ||||
| Other changes/ reclassification | 3 796 | -3 796 | 0 | |||
| Equity as of 31 Dec 2023 | 14 714 | -3 707 | 846 042 | -632 242 | 224 806 |
| Retained | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Share capital | Treasury shares | Share premium | earnings | Total equity |
| Equity as of 1 Jan 2024 | 14 714 | -3 707 | 846 042 | -632 242 | 224 806 |
| Issue of shares 11.03.2024 | 773 | 17 184 | 17 957 | ||
| Issue of shares 20.03.2024 | 6 310 | 140 246 | 146 556 | ||
| Net profit/loss for the year | -55 016 | -55 016 | |||
| Equity as of 31 Mar 2024 | 21 797 | -3 707 | 1 003 472 | -687 259 | 334 304 |

Interim condensed consolidated statement of cash flows
Interim condensed consolidated statement of cash flows
| Q1 2024 | Q1 2023 | FY 2023 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Amounts in NOK '000) | Note | |||
| Profit/loss before tax | -55 016 | -42 767 | -249 301 | |
| Taxes paid | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Cash flow from operating activities | ||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 8 967 | 4 998 | 27 903 | |
| Impairment of intangible assets | 0 | 0 | 1 191 | |
| Change in inventory and biological assets | 1 | 31 483 | 32 352 | -23 902 |
| Fair value adjustment | -2 264 | 0 | -38 623 | |
| Share of profit/ loss(-) from associates | 0 | 2 201 | -1 489 | |
| Change in accounts receivable | -15 125 | -14 431 | 3 235 | |
| Change in accounts payable | -28 455 | 4 862 | 19 833 | |
| Change in other current receivables and other current liabilities | 19 416 | 21 385 | 30 131 | |
| Net cash flow from operating activities | -40 993 | 8 601 | -231 022 | |
| Cash flows from investing activities | ||||
| Payments for purchase of property, plant & equipment | -1 186 | -7 382 | -24 550 | |
| Proceeds from sale of property, plant & equipment | 0 | 0 | 25 153 | |
| Acquisition of subsidiaries | 0 | 0 | -8 912 | |
| Proceeds from sale of shares in associates | 0 | 0 | 35 000 | |
| Change in loans associates and others | 0 | 0 | 40 000 | |
| Net cash flow from investing activities | -1 186 | -7 382 | 66 691 | |
| Cash flows from financing activities Net change in bank overdraft |
8 763 | 4 297 | 50 865 | |
| Repayment of debt | -344 | 0 | -12 164 | |
| Repayment of lease liability | -4 382 | -3 936 | -34 925 | |
| Interest paid | 2 | -4 290 | -708 | -8 987 |
| Proceeds from issues of shares | 164 513 | 0 | 184 907 | |
| Net cash flow from financing activities | 164 260 | -346 | 179 696 | |
| Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents | 122 082 | 872 | 15 365 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period | 18 777 | 3 412 | 3 412 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at close of the period | 140 859 | 4 284 | 18 777 |

Notes
General information and accounting principles
Norcod (the Group) consists of Norcod AS, Norcod Equipment AS, Kråkøy Norcod AS and Kråkøy Norcod Eiendom AS . The Groups head office is located at Thomas Angells gate 22 in Trondheim, Norway. Norcod AS is listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange Euronext Growth under the ticker NCOD.
The condensed, consolidated interim financial statements have been drawn up in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), including the International Accounting Standards 34 (IAS34) for interim financial reporting and are authorized for issue by the board of directors on 05. June 2024. The Group's accounting principles and calculation methods used in the most recent annual accounts are described in the annual report for 2022. No accounting principles have been changed or other standards have been adopted during the period. The annual report is published on www.norcod.no.
The condensed consolidated interim financial statements have not been audited. As a result of rounding differences, numbers or percentages may not add up to the total.
All figures in the notes are in NOK 1 000, unless otherwise specified.

| 31.03.2024 | 31.03.2023 | 31.21.2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Book value of inventories | |||
| Feed and other materials | 7 086 | 10 089 | 8 093 |
| Total inventories | 7 086 | 10 089 | 8 093 |
| Book value of biological assets | |||
| Roe and cod fry at cost | 29 766 | 24 181 | 13 830 |
| Biological assets held at sea farms at cost | 334 039 | 249 474 | 380 452 |
| Total Biological assets before fair value adjustment | 363 805 | 273 655 | 394 282 |
| Fair value adjustment of biological assets | -119 966 | -100 626 | -122 230 |
| Total biological assets | 243 839 | 173 029 | 272 052 |
| Q1 - 2024 | Q1 - 2023 | 2023 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reconciliation of changes in carrying amount of biological assets | Statement of comprehensive income post | |||
| Opening balance biological assets | 272 052 | 206 758 | 206 758 | |
| Increase resulting from production in the period | Cost of materials | 79 679 | 48 660 | 338 928 |
| Reduction resulting from incident-based mortality | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Fair value adjustment of biomass | Fair value adjustment biomass | 2 264 | 60 227 | 38 623 |
| Reduction due to harvesting in the period | -110 156 | -142 616 | -312 257 | |
| Closing balance biological assets | 243 839 | 173 029 | 272 052 | |
Volumes of biological assets in sea (1 000 kg)
| Opening balance biological assets in sea | 7 817 | 6 777 | 6 777 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Closing balance biological assets in sea | 6 640 | 3 784 | 7 817 |

Notes
The group had no uninvoiced finished goods in Q1 2024.
Biological Assets
Biological assets are, in accordance with IAS 41 Agriculture, measured at fair value in accordance with IFRS 13. Biomass measured at fair value, is categorized at Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy, as the input is mostly unobservable. All cod at sea are subject to a fair value calculation, while roe and cod fry are measured at cost as cost is deemed a reasonable approximation for fair value as there is little biological transformation.
The technical model used to calculate the fair value of biomass is a present value model. Present value is calculated on the basis of estimated revenues less production costs remaining until the cod is harvestable at the individual site. The cod is harvestable when it has reached the estimated weight required for harvesting specified in the company's budgets and plans. The estimated value is discounted to present value on the date of reporting. The expected biomass at harvest is calculated on the basis of the number of individuals held at sea farms on date of reporting, adjusted for expected mortality up until the point of harvest and multiplied by the fish's estimated weight at harvest. The price is calculated using the Group's best estimate of future prices and are not observable. The price includes the Group's best estimate of the future prices of cod liver and other products of the cod that will be sold. Prices are adjusted for expected costs related to harvesting, sales and carriage costs. The Group applies a monthly discount rate of 2 %.
Estimated remaining production costs are estimated costs that a market participant would presume necessary for the farming of fish up until they reach a harvestable weight. In the model, instead of being a separate cost element in the calculation, compensation for estimated license fees and site leasing costs is included in the discount factor, and thereby reduces the fair value of the biomass.
The fair value of the biomass is calculated using a monthly discounting of the cash flow based on an expected harvesting month according to the harvesting plan. The discount factor is intended to reflect three main components:
-
- The risk of incidents that affect the cash flow
-
- The time value of money
-
- Synthetic license fees and site leasing costs
The discount factor is set on the basis of an average for all the Group's sites and which, in the Group's assessment, provides a sensible growth curve for the fish – from cod fry to harvestable fish.
The risk adjustment must take account of the risk involved in investing in live fish. Currently the Group expects a cod to spend on average 16-18 months at a sea farm, and the risk will be higher the longer the time until harvest. Biological risk, the risk of increased costs and price risk will be the most important elements to be recognized. The present value model includes a theoretical compensation for license fees and site leasing costs as a surplus to the discount factor in the model, instead of being a cost-reducing factor in the calculation.

| Note 2 Financial items |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 2024 | Q1 2023 | FY 2023 | |
| Financial income | |||
| Currency gains | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other financial income | 59 | 0 | 851 |
| Total financial income | 59 | 0 | 851 |
| Financial expenses | |||
| Impairment of financial assets | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Interest expenses to related companies | 0 | 2 625 | 6 323 |
| Interest on long term loans from credit institutions | 3 052 | 0 | 7 873 |
| Interest expenses leasing | 4 372 | 708 | 10 944 |
| Adjustments due to currency loss | 1 024 | 7 726 | 8 254 |
| Other financial expenses | 1 026 | 1 703 | 2 379 |
| Total financial expenses | 9 474 | 12 762 | 35 773 |
| Net financial items | -9 415 | -12 762 | -34 921 |

Note 3 Intangible assets - Concessions, patents, licenses, trademarks and similar rights
The Group has previously had an accounting policy that cost incurred, in advance of granted licenses being confirmed, has been capitalized and recognized as intangible assets. The Group has evaluated that to better align with the requirements in IAS 38 all cost related to the application process, prior to licenses being granted, should have been expensed as incurred. Consequently, the Group has changed its accounting policy in this regard from 2022, and expensed capitalized cost as of 31.12.2021 of TNOK 6,039 in the 2022 financial statements as the Group considers the financial statement impact to be immaterial.

Note 4 Associated companies and other investments
Up until May 2023, Norcod AS had a 50 % ownership in Havlandet Norcod AS (associated company), where NOK 35 million where invested in shares. An additional NOK 40 million long-term loan was granted to Havlandet Norcod AS. In MAy 2023, Norcod sold its shares in Havlandet Norcod AS and the long term loan was settled in cash correspondingly. Both transactions were settled at book values.
Other investments
Norcod holds an investment in Arctic Cod AS, book value of TNOK 502. The company offers growth facility capacity for a share of Norcod's juveniles. The contracting arrangement is based on common business terms.

| 31.03.2024 | 31.03.2023 | 31.12.2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Current interest-bearing liabilities | |||
| Non-current interest-bearing debt | 30 115 | 0 | 29 284 |
| Non current liabilities for right-of-use assets | 120 286 | 61 044 | 124 182 |
| Non-current debt to shareholders and other long-term debt | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Non-current leasing liabilities | 150 401 | 61 044 | 153 465 |
| Current interest-bearing debt: | |||
| Current leasing liabilities | 32 156 | 17 453 | 32 642 |
| Current interest-bearing debt | 128 119 | 172 511 | 119 356 |
| Total current interest-bearing debt | 160 275 | 189 965 | 151 998 |
| Total interest-bearing debt | 310 676 | 251 008 | 305 463 |
| Cash and bank deposits | 140 859 | 4 284 | 18 777 |
| Net interest-bearing debt | 169 817 | 246 724 | 286 687 |
On the agreement with the main bank, the following loan covenants apply:
There is a minimum equity ratio covenant of 40% , measured as total equity divided by total assets. Allowed withdrawal on the credit facility net of cash is 50% of accountsreceivables + 30% of biomass above 1 kg. The measurement is done on parent company level.
In addition to the financial covenants mentioned above, the bank agreement contains other covenantsthat include limitations on change of control and conditionsrelated to continued listing.
As of Q1-24, Norcod was compliant with all bank covenants.
As a subsequent event, the bank agreement was amended and the covenant structure was revised during the second quarter. The new bank agreement is effective from Q3-24.
