Quarterly Report • Aug 7, 2009
Quarterly Report
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| Page | |
|---|---|
| Forward-looking statements | 3 |
| Presentation of information | 4 |
| Results summary – pro forma | 5 |
| First half 2009 update | 6 |
| Results summary – statutory | 7 |
| INTERIM MANAGEMENT REPORT | |
| Chief Executive's letter to shareholders | 8 |
| Business and strategic update | 15 |
| Pro forma results | |
| Summary consolidated income statement | 23 |
| Summary consolidated statement of comprehensive income | 25 |
| Summary consolidated balance sheet | 25 |
| Key metrics | 26 |
| Description of business | 27 |
| Divisional performance UK Retail UK Corporate Wealth Global Banking & Markets Global Transaction Services Ulster Bank US Retail & Commercial RBS Insurance Central items Non-Core |
29 31 34 37 39 43 46 49 53 55 56 |
| Allocation of methodology for indirect costs | 62 |
| Average balance sheet | 64 |
| Condensed consolidated balance sheet | 66 |
| Overview of condensed consolidated balance sheet | 67 |
| Condensed consolidated statement of changes in equity | 69 |
| Notes | 72 |
| Independent review report | 92 |
| Page | |
|---|---|
| Risk and capital management | 93 |
| Regulatory ratios | 95 |
| Credit risk | 97 |
| Liquidity risk | 110 |
| Market risk | 113 |
| Market turmoil exposures | 118 |
| Statutory results | 146 |
| Condensed consolidated income statement | 147 |
| Condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income | 148 |
| Financial review | 149 |
| Condensed consolidated balance sheet | 150 |
| Overview of condensed consolidated balance sheet | 151 |
| Condensed consolidated statement of changes in equity | 153 |
| Condensed consolidated cash flow statement | 156 |
| Notes | 157 |
| Average balance sheet | 194 |
| Capital ratios | 195 |
| Independent review report | 196 |
| Principal risks and uncertainties | 197 |
| Statement of directors' responsibilities | 202 |
| Additional information | 203 |
| Other information | 203 |
| Financial calendar | 204 |
| Contacts | 204 |
| Appendix 1 Reconciliations of pro forma to statutory income statements and balance sheets | |
| Appendix 2 Analysis by quarter | |
| Appendix 3 Asset Protection Scheme |
Certain sections in this document contain 'forward-looking statements' as that term is defined in the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, such as statements that include the words 'expect', 'estimate', 'project', 'anticipate', 'should', 'intend', 'plan', 'probability', 'risk', 'Value-at-Risk ("VaR")', 'target', 'goal', 'objective', 'will', 'endeavour', 'outlook', 'optimistic', 'prospects' and similar expressions or variations on such expressions.
In particular, this document includes forward-looking statements relating, but not limited, to the Group's potential exposures to various types of market risks, such as interest rate risk, foreign exchange rate risk and commodity and equity price risk. Such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties. For example, certain of the market risk disclosures are dependent on choices about key model characteristics and assumptions and are subject to various limitations. By their nature, certain of the market risk disclosures are only estimates and, as a result, actual future gains and losses could differ materially from those that have been estimated.
Other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those estimated by the forward-looking statements contained in this document include, but are not limited to: the extent and nature of future developments in the credit markets, including the sub-prime market, and their impact on the financial industry in general and the Group in particular; the effect on the Group's capital of write downs in respect of credit market exposures; general economic conditions in the UK and in other countries in which the Group has significant business activities or investments, including the United States; the monetary and interest rate policies of the Bank of England, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and other G-7 central banks; inflation; deflation; unanticipated turbulence in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and equity prices; changes in UK and foreign laws, regulations and taxes; changes in competition and pricing environments; natural and other disasters; the inability to hedge certain risks economically; the adequacy of loss reserves; acquisitions or restructurings; technological changes; changes in consumer spending and saving habits; and the success of the Group in managing the risks involved in the foregoing.
The forward-looking statements contained in this document speak only as of the date of this announcement, and the Group does not undertake to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
The information, statements and opinions contained in this presentation do not constitute a public offer under any applicable legislation or an offer to sell or solicitation of any offer to buy any securities or financial instruments or any advice or recommendation with respect to such securities or other financial instruments.
On 17 October 2007, RFS Holdings B.V. ('RFS Holdings'), a company jointly owned by The Royal Bank of Scotland Group plc ('RBS'), Fortis Bank Nederland (Holding) N.V. ('Fortis') and Banco Santander S.A. ('Santander') (together, the 'Consortium Members'), completed the acquisition of ABN AMRO Holding N.V. ('ABN AMRO').
RFS Holdings is implementing an orderly separation of the business units of ABN AMRO with RBS retaining the following ABN AMRO business units:
Certain other assets will continue to be shared by the Consortium Members.
On 3 October 2008, the State of the Netherlands acquired Fortis Bank Nederland (Holding) N.V. including Fortis' participation in RFS Holdings that represents the acquired activities of ABN AMRO.
The separation of platforms shared between RBS and its Dutch state-owned partner has been completed and the Group is now on track, subject to legal process and regulatory approvals, for the legal separation of the constituent parts of ABN AMRO by the end of the year. From that point RBS will cease to consolidate the Dutch state's interest in RBS Group statutory accounts.
Pro forma results have been prepared that include only those business units of ABN AMRO that will be retained by RBS. The financial review and divisional performance and discussion of risk and capital management in this Company Announcement focus on the pro forma results. The basis of preparation of the pro forma results is detailed on page 72.
RFS Holdings is jointly owned by the Consortium Members. It is controlled by RBS and is therefore fully consolidated in its statutory financial statements. The interests of the State of the Netherlands and Santander in RFS Holdings are included in minority interests.
Divisional results for 2008 have been restated to reflect the Group's new organisational structure that includes a Non-Core division comprising individual assets, portfolios and lines of business that the Group intends to run off or dispose of. The Non-Core division is reported separately from the divisions which form the Core Group. In addition, separate reporting of Group Manufacturing and Centre results has changed and, with the exception of certain items of a one off nature, costs incurred are now allocated to the customer-facing divisions and included in the measurement of the returns which they generate. The changes do not affect the Group's results. Comparatives have been restated accordingly. Descriptions of business for the new divisions are set out on page 27.
The pro forma and statutory results for 2008 have been restated for the amendment to IFRS 2 'Share-based Payment'. This has resulted in an increase in staff costs amounting to £35 million for the first half of 2008 and £169 million for the full year 2008.
The pro forma and statutory results for the first half of 2008 have been restated for the finalisation of the ABN AMRO acquisition accounting.
.
| First half First half |
Full year | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 2008 | Change | 2008 | |
| £m | £m | % | £m | |
| Core | ||||
| Total income (1) | 17,793 | 14,192 | 25 | 24,437 |
| Operating expenses (2) | (7,745) | (7,218) | 7 (13,856) | |
| Operating profit before impairment losses (3) | 8,471 | 5,385 | 57 | 7,364 |
| Impairment | (2,177) | (670) | - | (2,512) |
| Operating profit (3) | 6,294 | 4,715 | 33 | 4,852 |
| Non-Core | ||||
| Total income (1) | (3,002) | (2,541) | 18 | (3,838) |
| Operating expenses (2) | (988) | (1,175) | (16) | (2,332) |
| Operating loss before impairment losses (3) | (4,304) | (4,054) | 6 | (6,870) |
| Impairment | (5,344) | (809) | - | (4,920) |
| Operating loss (3) | (9,648) | (4,863) | 98 (11,790) | |
| Total | ||||
| Total income (1) | 14,791 | 11,651 | 27 | 20,599 |
| Operating expenses (2) | (8,733) | (8,393) | 4 (16,188) | |
| Operating profit before impairment losses (3) | 4,167 | 1,331 | - | 494 |
| Impairment | (7,521) | (1,479) | - | (7,432) |
| Operating loss (3) | (3,354) | (148) | - | (6,938) |
| Profit/(loss) before tax (4) | 15 | (726) | - | (8,296) |
| Loss attributable to ordinary shareholders | (1,042) | (827) | 26 (24,306) | |
| Performance ratios | ||||
| Return on equity (5) | (18.1%) | (2.0%) | (1,610bp) | (13.9%) |
| Net interest margin | 1.69% | 2.07% | (38bp) | 2.08% |
| Cost:income ratio (8) | 59.0% | 72.0% | (1,300bp) | 78.6% |
| Adjusted cost:income ratio (9) | 67.7% | 86.3% | (1,860bp) | 97.0% |
| 30 June | 31 December | |||
| Capital and balance sheet (Pre-APS) | 2009 | 2008 | Change | |
| Total assets | £1,644.4bn | £2,218.7bn | (26%) | |
| Funded balance sheet (10) | £1,088.6bn | £1,227.2bn | (11%) | |
| Loan:deposit ratio | 144.5% | 152.4% | (790bp) | |
| RWAs | £547.3bn | £577.8bn | (5%) | |
| Total equity | £57.8bn | £64.3bn | (10%) | |
| Core Tier 1 ratio | 6.4% | 5.9% | 50bp | |
| Tier 1 ratio | 9.0% | 9.9% | (90bp) | |
| Tier 1 leverage ratio (6) | 21.7x | 21.2x | 2% | |
| Net tangible equity per share | 58.0p | 73.8p | (15.8p) | |
| Tangible equity leverage ratio (7) | 3.0% | 2.4% | 60bp |
For definitions of the notes see page 26.
"This was a momentous half year for RBS. We gave a full and clear account of our vulnerabilities to the 'credit crunch'. We set out comprehensive restructuring plans, now with clear performance targets. And implementation is well under way, though uncertainties remain.
Our first half results, as we had clearly warned, are poor with a net attributable loss of £1,042 million. However, they highlight well our core business potential, the hard work of our people in difficult times, the strength of our customer franchises and the vulnerabilities and economic headwinds we grapple with."
Stephen Hester, Group Chief Executive
* Excluding write-down of goodwill. Operating loss before tax of £244 million on a statutory basis. See appendix 1 for a reconciliation between pro forma and statutory basis.
† See page 17 for conditionality
| First half | First half | Full year | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 2008 Change | 2008 | |||
| £m | £m | % | £m | ||
| Total income | 21,841 | 13,842 | 58 | 25,868 | |
| Operating expenses | (11,891) (10,719) | 11 (54,202) | |||
| Operating profit/(loss) before impairment losses | 7,816 | 934 | - (32,764) | ||
| Impairment | (8,060) | (1,661) | - | (8,072) | |
| Operating loss before tax | (244) | (727) | (66) (40,836) | ||
| Loss attributable to ordinary shareholders | (1,042) | (827) | 26 (24,306) |
This has been a tumultuous half year for RBS, which started with our share price falling to 10 pence per share on full disclosure of the damage sustained by RBS from the "credit crunch" and our vulnerability to it. With this "call to action" as backdrop, we have devised and now set out restructuring plans and targets to rebuild RBS whilst serving customers well. We are putting those plans into action. At the same time we are sustaining our businesses and operating through unprecedented pressures, challenges and change. The "new RBS" will be a very different bank than before, in both what we do and the way we do it, and rightly so.
Let me be clear, I am optimistic for RBS's future. We can restore the Bank to standalone strength and viability. We will thereby rebuild attractive, sustainable shareholder value and, I believe, allow Government support to be recouped in full. But there will be no miracle cures. Our task is no less than one of the largest bank restructurings ever done, in the face of strong economic headwinds. Overall results may not substantially improve until 2011 and full recovery will take time. Along the way we will still need the Government support that gives us time and strength to restructure. We will repay that with results and responsible support to the communities who in turn are supporting us.
Given the agenda before us and the high levels of customer, shareholder and public interest, I attempt to set out herein, what we are doing, why and how we propose to be measured.
We have a strong plan in place that I believe can get us to where we need to be by 2013. To achieve the goals of our different stakeholders we need to remake RBS as one of the world's most admired, valuable and stable universal banks powered by market-leading businesses in large customer-driven markets. We will target a sustainable 15% plus return on equity with an AA category risk profile and well capitalised balance sheet. The business mix should produce an attractive blend of profitability, stability and sustainable growth. Anchored in the UK and in retail and commercial banking, we will retain strong but more focused global capabilities in the areas required to serve our customers well.
We are not starting from scratch. The foundations of RBS derive from the rock of our customer franchises around the world. Our first half performance demonstrates this in the face of every possible contrary reason, with customer numbers steady or growing in each of our major businesses. This tells me that we provide services and products that matter to our customers. And that our people, despite all their own challenges and disappointments, are hard at work serving our customers well. Our new strategy will build on these important realities.
While the banking crisis has many roots, its economic foundations lie in a long era of easy money. As a bank with deep exposures in economies which are structurally indebted, we were more exposed to the crisis than many. The balance between saving and borrowing remains out of step in many parts of our core markets, and it is the same with the banks, which generally mirror the economies they serve. The answer to our collective problem is not to go back to lending or borrowing too much.
That said, it would be a serious error to suggest that RBS merely reflected the macro-economic context in which it operated. RBS made mistakes and had vulnerabilities of its own doing. We set these out clearly in February and the plans we confirm today are designed to address each and every aspect.
Our strategy has three interlocking elements.
We plan to radically restructure RBS's balance sheet, reducing management stretch and risk exposures. We target a c.£500bn gross reduction in "funded" assets (which we are over halfway through). This will be achieved primarily through the run-down and sale of assets placed in our newly established Non-Core Division. This is a big and vital task. We have disclosed today for the first time the targeted profile of that asset run-off, with milestones along the way and subject to the important risk factors I identify later in this letter. The Non-Core Division also helps protect the Group's core customer-facing businesses by freeing up their management to focus on delivery for customers.
As I have said, at the heart of RBS are inherently strong and valuable businesses driven by enduring customer franchises. Every one of these businesses can and must be made better. Along the way we will refocus on serving customers well, restructure to cure past vulnerabilities and retool to meet the changed market realities likely to prevail in future. This is also a major endeavour. Like every other business, major efficiency improvements are a survival necessity but so too is renewed investment to revitalise our customer proposition and service levels.
Throughout all we do, these binding disciplines will be implemented: Careful long-term strategic thinking over short-term opportunism. Empowerment of our people with corresponding accountability. Combining the "make it happen" drive for results with a new found (but enduring) humility, transparency and openness. A realisation that our customers' health and our own are interdependent, and a fundamental change to risk sensitivity, with business growth focused on quality, achieved organically and facilitated but not driven by balance sheet and risk resources.
To show we are both serious and accountable, we set out clear targets today for our return to financial viability and the rebuild of sustainable shareholder value.
| Measure | 2008 Actual | 2013 Targets |
|---|---|---|
| Risk and Viability | ||
| Stand-alone Credit Rating (1) | BBB category | AA category |
| Core Tier 1 Capital Ratio | 4% (2) | >8% |
| Loan:Deposit Ratio | 156% (3) | c.100% |
| Wholesale funding reliance (4) | £343bn (5) | <£150bn |
| Liquidity reserves (6) | £90bn (7) | c.£150bn |
| Shareholder value | ||
| Return on Equity (8) | (28%) | >15% |
| Cost/Income Ratio (C:I) | 79% | <45% (9) |
| C:I Net of insurance claims | 97% | <50% (9) |
(1) Standard & Poors rating, ex HMG support (2) As at 1 January 2008 (3) As at October 2008 (4) Amount of unsecured wholesale funding under 1 year (£bn) (5) As at December 2008 (6) Eligible assets held for contingent liquidity purposes including cash, Government-issued securities and other securities eligible with central banks (7) As at December 2008 (8) After tax return on tangible equity normalised for APS in 2013 (9) Core Bank
These targets are not forecasts. Events will ensure we either beat them or fall short. In particular the risks we flag herein remain real threats. But they are a serious statement of intent. Every Division has subsidiary targets we have also published today. And while 2013 seems a long way away, each year we intend to make measurable progress towards these goals.
Our first half results, as we had clearly warned, are poor with a net attributable loss of £1 billion. However, presented as they are now in alignment with the new strategy, they highlight well our core business potential, the hard work of our people in difficult times and the vulnerabilities and economic headwinds we grapple with.
Our Core Business Divisions reported an Operating Profit of £6.3 billion on revenues up 25% to £17.8 billion. This result was driven by a creditable rebound in GBM, our investment banking business, reversing the terrible losses of 2008, though this performance level is likely to weaken substantially in the second half. Nevertheless, the complementary balance to our retail and commercial banking businesses which were strong last year but now suffer the margin squeeze and rising credit costs of economic recession is helpful. However, across all our businesses, customers were served well, and steps taken to rebuild margins and efficiency ratios for future years. In fact, a strong start has been made to increasing efficiency, with £0.6 billion of savings so far, though these have been offset by foreign exchange movements making clear that more is needed.
We took important steps to reduce risk, whilst still early days. Our total balance sheet is down from a £2,219 billion peak in 2008 to £1,644 billion. Our gross funded assets are down £350 billion in constant currency terms, from their peak. Our important loan-to-deposit ratio has improved by 8 percentage points since the end of 2008 to 144% and vital steps have been made to a more secure liquidity and funding profile.
RBS's vulnerabilities and the harsh recessionary conditions also show through clearly. Our Non-Core Division shows an Operating Loss of £9.6 billion. Across the Group, impairments rose 409% to £7.5 billion and are set to stay high for a while.
In addition to intense business activity, the strategy and cultural moves described above have been fundamental changes for RBS. We have also achieved comprehensive renewal of Board and management (outlined below), are pressing ahead with all the implementation plans and a range of targeted disposals. And have made further strides in financial and business disclosure, evidence of the open, investor friendly approach we mean to take.
The APS, agreed in principle with the UK Government (HMG) in February, has significant uncertainties though we still anticipate that it can be concluded in the autumn. APS remains essential to RBS to give us additional resilience during the time it will take to regain standalone strength. Without the combination of asset insurance and "B" share issuance, RBS would not pass the FSA-mandated stress tests and would be vulnerable to ratings downgrades and funding difficulties as a consequence.
Notwithstanding APS's importance, it is by no means "free". Our central case estimates suggest that the cost to HMG of APS will be broadly recouped through the substantial fees and tax give-ups to be paid by RBS, although other more positive and negative outcomes remain very real. Additionally, EU approval for the "state aid" given to RBS is uncertain as to both timing and outcome. RBS's massive restructuring programme provides a comprehensive and rigorous path back to standalone viability which the EU needs to review. Additionally it seems likely to require weakening of our core UK banking franchise, especially for business customers. Negotiations are ongoing here and we are very cognisant of the business disruption risks to customers and our ability to serve them, as well as to our own prospects of successful recovery.
The APS itself, while conceptually straightforward, has enormous operational complexity which is taking time to resolve. For example, HMG has requested regular reporting on up to one billion lines of data covering assets in the scheme and our own systems and data quality are not well designed for the APS purpose. The principal commercial aspects of the APS announced in February remain in place including coverage and pricing on the basis of asset evaluation as from 1 January, 2009. The overall economic impact of the APS, in conjunction with RBS's own extensive restructuring measures laid out herein, is expected to enable RBS to meet the FSA stress tests during its restructuring period. However, issues still outstanding include the final sign-off of assets to be covered, confirmation of the price of the coverage in the light of completed due diligence and state aid requirements and some detailed aspects of the structure of the scheme. Accordingly until these issues can be confirmed and state aid approval has been received care must be taken in assessing the complete economic impact on RBS of the APS. Discussion on these points continues and we will provide updates when we can. APS's merits will be more fully assessed at the time a general meeting is necessary for shareholder approval.
We are in the limelight - understandably but uncomfortably so.
Everyone at RBS is acutely aware of the fact that we are in a fortunate position to be able to restructure the Bank with the support of the UK Government behind us. This support exists because of our central position in the fabric of society and the economy, both in the UK and internationally. With that come responsibilities large and small to our shareholders, customers, staff and the communities where we do business. Our mission is to fulfil them all and remake RBS as a premier financial institution by serving our customers better. This will enable us to restore our financial strength, allowing the UK Government to sell down its investment in us, at a profit.
And it would be wrong not to acknowledge the effectiveness of UKFI – our new majority shareholder – in treading a constructive and commercial but demanding and engaged path. "Fidelity with nuclear weapons" they are dubbed in the press – an apposite if colourful description.
However, we especially, but all banks too, have become regrettably high profile. We sometimes feel as if commentators variously want us to go back to over-lending, to operate on a 'not-for-profit' basis, to never entertain a client and to offer employment conditions that deter the best and brightest. Oh yes, and at the same time to pull off a recovery enabling taxpayers to recoup the support given. Thankfully, our serious engagement with Government, Central Banks, Regulators, customers and other political parties is generally more balanced and insightful.
One of the fundamental changes in the wider economic environment is a shift in power from borrowers to savers following the end of the credit boom. This means banks' borrowing costs are often much higher than reference rates like the Bank of England Base Rate. We need to charge borrowers higher margins in return to simply do no more than stay even, though customers' absolute cost of borrowing is generally much reduced. Borrowers have found this a difficult transition and there is understandably much public discourse on the issue. But today's results make crystal clear, that RBS is making less profit from banking customers than before, not more, and currently not enough to return to the financial stability that is necessary.
Against a recessionary backdrop we face a challenge of finding enough credit worthy borrowers wishing to take on new debt when their own business prospects and customer demand is weaker. This is, of course, normal in a recession as most prudent households and companies aim to reduce debt levels. And indeed, without increased saving overall, soundly based economic recovery will be difficult.
Our UK lending performance in the first half of the year reflects these factors and is detailed fully on page 20 herein. I am pleased to report that we have made new loans totalling £36 billion to UK homeowners and businesses in the first half. This includes a healthy proportion of mortgage loans to first time buyers and 100,000 loans to businesses, representing an 85% acceptance rate in the SME sector.
However, customers have also been actively paying down existing debt and have not been increasing overdraft borrowing. And despite our lending successes, loan applications by small businesses in the half were 37% down on the prior year. As a result, while we are on track to grow net mortgage lending by £9 billion as planned, achieving the business lending targets remains challenging.
But we are only four months into the period of our lending commitments. We will continue doing everything we can to make loans available to creditworthy customers at fair rates. Let there be no doubt we want to support our customers and are ready, willing and able to increase lending in line with our undertakings if the demand is there.
At the heart of all we need to do lie our people. Those with accountability for past mistakes have gone. Looking forward, however, if we are to change, recover and to serve customers well it will be because we can retain, attract and motivate good people – for whom there are always alternative jobs.
Our people have also suffered – financially, in their job security, dented pride in RBS and from relentless media hostility and controversy. I would like to be clear. They are doing a great job overall. Without their efforts, enthusiasm, dedication and resilience we would surely fail in our recovery mission.
We have needed to make important changes. We are doing this swiftly to minimise uncertainty.
People represent half of our operating costs so it is deeply regrettable but inevitable that job losses are happening. We will continue to put communication with staff and their representatives first and be as transparent and open in the process as we can be. We believe this approach is the most appropriate for the position we are in and intend to stick to it. I am pleased that fewer than 25% of the job cuts we have made to date in our UK banking businesses have resulted in compulsory redundancy. We want to keep this figure as low as we can.
Our new Chairman, Philip Hampton, has made substantial progress in restructuring our Board to be smaller, more focused and with a new composition. Since October 2008, 12 members have left and five have joined. Today I am also very pleased to welcome our new Finance Director, Bruce Van Saun. His recruitment completes our new Executive Committee line up, all 9 members of which are new to role over the last 18 months.
One of the most difficult issues we face is balancing our need to attract, retain and reward talented staff whilst making reforms to pay in a way that recognises the reality of the position we are in and how society views our sector. For right or for wrong, in all walks of life, the pay levels people are offered for doing similar jobs elsewhere are a key benchmark. We know to our cost, having suffered significant resignations of valuable staff members this year, that we cannot ignore competitor pay practices or we will fail as a business. However, we can and have led in the way that we structure our rewards to staff and we hope that the rest of the industry follows this lead. Unusually among banks, bonuses across the RBS Group where merited are now subject to deferral and clawback as standard.
The magnitude and urgency of the change we need to bring about is a major additional challenge to delivering 'business as usual'. This has its risks and opportunities. These range from how good we prove to be at delivering our plans, to the pace of economic recovery and impact of unforeseen events. The five main risk factors I believe that we need to be alert to are:
There is much that we can and are getting on with now and although I cannot be certain how long it will take us to achieve our vision, or how difficult the journey will be, I am confident that we have the right people and the right roadmap to get there.
There is every sign that our financial performance over the next two years, at a Group level, will be poor due to the severe economic downturn in 2008 and 2009 and consequent impact on impairments and funding costs. But, once successfully restructured, each of our businesses will be highly attractive and valuable in its own right. Each will have a strong customer base, offer shareholders a sustainable return and potential for growth, and each will be disciplined in its use of capital and funding.
We will have businesses that are connected and that work together; sharing costs and expertise to improve the service they provide to customers, and doing so more efficiently. In addition, across RBS as a whole, our businesses will 'complement' each other so that we have a balanced mix of funding sources, ways of generating income, stable earnings and options for growth.
This combination of operational synergy and a balanced portfolio means that each business will have a greater value as part of RBS than it does standing alone. But we will continue to be rational in assessing our business mix and changes may occur where so merited.
There is a lot of hard work to be done before we know the level of success and therefore the ultimate value of the restructuring plan and of RBS. But I am heartened and encouraged by the effort, determination and commitment that I see from colleagues across the Group. They are rising to what is probably the greatest professional challenge we will ever face. At the end of it, I believe we will have earned our way back to the respect, self and otherwise, that our company so badly needs.
Stephen Hester Group Chief Executive Gogarburn, Edinburgh 7 August 2009
Following the conclusion of the Strategic Review, the Group has realigned its Core divisions, including in particular the separation of RBS UK into UK Retail and UK Corporate. A Non-Core division has also been established to manage and run off or dispose of a number of assets and businesses that do not meet the Group's target criteria. Further details of the new divisional structure are on page 27. The initial discussion of Group performance relates to both Core and Non-Core operations. Commentary on divisional performance on pages 31-55 relates to Core activities only.
The Group delivered strong income generation, up 27% to £14,791 million, with expenses up 4% to £8,733 million to yield operating profit before impairment losses of £4,167 million in the first half of 2009, compared with £1,331 million in the first half of 2008. At constant exchange rates, income rose by 21% while costs declined by 5%, with Group operating profit before impairment losses up 270%. Impairments, however, rose sharply to £7,521 million, compared with £1,479 million in the first half of 2008. Over 70% of the impairment costs arose in the Non-Core division, but the Group also experienced a significant rise in credit costs in all core divisions, reflecting the continuing deterioration in economic conditions. Approximately 70% of the impairments and write-downs incurred in the first half are attributable to assets covered by the Asset Protection Scheme, subject to any changes to the Scheme, where some important issues remain open.
After a gain of £3,790 million on the redemption of a number of outstanding debt securities, the Group recorded profit before tax, excluding the write-down of goodwill and other intangible assets, of £15 million, compared with a loss of £726 million in the same period of 2008. After tax, minority interests and preference share dividends the loss attributable to ordinary shareholders was £1,042 million, up 26% from the loss recorded in the first half of 2008. This represents a basic loss per ordinary share of 2.2p, including discontinued operations.
Group net interest margin fell to 1.69%, compared with 2.07% in the first half of 2008 and 2.08% for the full year 2008. While new business asset margins have improved, these will take some time to feed through to the back book and have so far fallen well short of the increase in funding costs. In the very low interest rate environment prevailing in all the Group's major markets, deposit pricing floors and active competition have compressed liability margins. In addition, markedly increased costs of term funding and of increasing our stock of liquid assets have contributed to the reduction in net interest margin.
In these prevailing conditions, margins in the core banking divisions are expected to remain under pressure in the second half.
Loan impairments increased to £6,796 million in the first half, representing 2.25% of gross loans and advances excluding reverse repos, on an annualised basis, compared with 0.83% in the first half of 2008 and 1.33% in the second half of 2008. Impairments continued to increase in the second quarter, particularly in the Group's UK retail and corporate banking divisions, and included an incremental provision on our UK corporate book, to reflect the materially increased flow of companies into restructuring during the period. While a degree of stabilisation has occurred in financial markets, the impact of economic recession continues to feed through into the Group's credit portfolios.
Non-performing and potential problem loans at 30 June 2009 totalled £31.0 billion, an increase of 246% from 30 June 2008, or 236% at constant exchange rates, and of 63% from 31 December 2008, or 69% at constant exchange rates. These categories represented 5.08% of gross loans and advances, excluding reverse repos, compared with 1.47% at 30 June 2008 and 2.69% at 31 December 2008.
Provision coverage was 44%, a decrease of 12% compared with 30 June 2008 and a decrease of 6% compared with 31 December 2008. The declining trend is mainly attributable to the increasingly secured composition of the Group's non performing loan portfolio. In addition, during the first half of 2009, a small number of large corporate exposures assessed as requiring limited provisions, because of the structure of the transactions and the expected restructuring outcomes, moved into the nonperforming category.
The availability of equity funding in the capital markets has provided some relief to companies, particularly in the UK, but corporate default rates have continued to rise. While personal unsecured lending has been reduced, arrears on these exposures have continued to increase, in line with rising unemployment trends. Arrears on residential mortgage lending have risen more modestly, with the arrears rate on the NatWest and RBS UK mortgage portfolio increasing to 1.8% at 30 June 2009 from 1.16% at 30 June 2008 and 1.5% at December 2008. The average loan-to-value for new business was 65% in the first half of 2009 versus 67% for 2008.
The Group has made good progress in strengthening its risk management practices, with the implementation of updated limit frameworks for credit and market risk and further refinement of the credit approval process.
The Group made good progress in its financial restructuring during the first six months of 2009, achieving a reduction of £574 billion in total assets to £1,644 billion – a fall of 26%. Excluding mark-tomarket derivative assets, third party assets were reduced by £139 billion to £1,089 billion, principally reflecting substantial repayments of loans to banks and customers and a reduction of 17%, or 13% in constant currency terms, in trading assets. Mark-to-market derivative assets fell by 44% to £556 billion, with a corresponding fall in derivative liabilities.
Group risk-weighted assets totalled £547.3 billion at 30 June 2009, an increase of £55.6 billion from June 2008 but a decrease of £30.5 billion from December 2008. Although the Group has continued to reduce its balance sheet throughout the half year, the pro-cyclical effects of the Basel 2 methodology have resulted in higher risk-weightings. Undrawn facilities and other commitments to lend have been reduced to £296.6 billion, down 6% from June 2008 and 15% from December 2008. The effect of currency movements during the latter half of 2008, in particular the marked weakening of sterling against the dollar, has been partially reversed during the first half of 2009. On a constant currency basis RWAs were up 4% from June 2008 and flat compared with December 2008.
The Group's Core Tier 1 ratio at 30 June 2009 was 6.4%, compared with 5.3% a year earlier, reflecting the preference share conversion and debt exchange carried out earlier this year, as well as 2008 equity issuance.
In April, the Group concluded a series of exchange offers and tender offers with the holders of a number of Tier 1 and Upper Tier 2 securities which resulted in an aggregate pre-tax gain of £4.6 billion, of which approximately £3.8 billion was taken through income and the remainder through equity.
The Asset Protection Scheme announced in February and related capitalisations, when concluded, is expected to further strengthen the Group's capital ratios, as the assets covered by the Scheme will carry lower risk weightings as a result of UK Government asset insurance. This augments the impact of RBS's own extensive restructuring measures. The scheme is currently expected to provide approximately £150 billion of risk-weighted asset relief. In addition, HM Treasury will subscribe to a total of £19.5 billion of new B Shares qualifying as capital on implementation of the APS, with a further £6 billion as a contingent reserve. The APS should strengthen Core Tier 1 by more than 5% pro forma. This figure is RBS's current estimate and subject to finalisation of the detailed terms and conditions, confirmation of asset eligibility and pricing (all of which require state aid approval) and without taking account of the £6 billion contingent tranche of B share issuance outlined in February.
While the quantum of funding available in the markets has increased, funding costs remain high compared with pre-crisis levels. Money market conditions have improved, with spreads between Libor and overnight indexed swap rates narrowing somewhat, though they remain substantially in excess of average levels experienced in previous years. The short and medium end of the yield curve remains steep.
The Group's average credit spreads in the first half were significantly higher than in the same period of 2008 but spreads have now narrowed from their peaks. During the period the Group was able to resume issuance of term debt without the requirement for a government guarantee and has made significant progress towards extending the maturity profile of its funding. It has also made good progress in building up its liquidity portfolio, although this has been at the expense of margins.
The Group's loan:deposit ratio improved from 152% at December 2008 to 144% at June 2009. Each division has been set targets for further improvements in this ratio over the next five years, and these are outlined on page 22.
The Core Bank achieved a good recovery in operating performance in the first half, with underlying operating profit before tax, purchased intangibles amortisation, gain on redemption of own debt, strategic disposals, write-down of goodwill and other intangibles, integration and restructuring costs, up 33% to £6,294 million.
Operating income grew strongly, reflecting favourable trading conditions during the first half, with strong volumes and volatility benefiting Global Banking & Markets. There were more modest improvements in Wealth and Global Transaction Services, offset to a significant degree by increased funding costs. The core UK retail and corporate banking businesses put in a resilient performance, with severe margin attrition from higher deposit and funding costs but some improvement in new asset margins. Non-interest income was also affected by slower economic conditions. Total income rose by 25%, or 16% on a constant currency basis, to £17,793 million, with net interest income 8% lower at £6,043 million and non-interest income 54% higher at £11,750 million.
Expense discipline remained good, both in the customer-facing divisions and in Manufacturing operations, with total expenses up 7% to £7,745 million. On a constant currency basis, expenses were reduced by 2%. Operating profit before impairment losses increased by 57% to £8,471 million, or by 45% at constant exchange rates. The Group has made good progress in its £2.5 billion expense reduction programme, with £0.6 billion of cost savings delivered in the first half.
Impairments increased markedly across all banking divisions, totalling £2,177 million, an increase of 225% from the first half of 2008. Impairments in the second quarter were 11% higher than in the first, with a small net recovery in GBM but incremental impairments taken to reflect the accelerating flow of credit problems in the UK corporate sector, and a further increase in personal delinquencies in the UK and US, in line with the continuing deterioration in economic conditions and the rising level of unemployment.
Non-Core division third party assets at 30 June 2009, including derivatives, totalled £231.1 billion, down from £324.7 billion at 31 December 2008. The division recorded an operating loss of £9,648 million in the first half, driven largely by credit market and other write-downs of £4.2 billion and impairments of £5.3 billion. Approximately 44% of the assets of the Non-Core division are expected to be covered by the Asset Protection Scheme.
The Group has established targets for a reduction of approximately £230 billion in Non-Core's third party assets, excluding derivatives mark to market, by 2013, as compared with December 2008. This includes asset run-off of approximately £200 billion as well as £50 billion to £60 billion of asset sales, offset by rollovers and additional drawings. Achieving this run-off profile will depend on sufficient recovery in market conditions to allow assets to be disposed of at acceptable valuations, and on the securitisation or sale of some APS assets in the outer years of the five year plan, for which HM Treasury's permission may be needed.
In January the Group announced that it had disposed of its 4.26% equity stake in Bank of China for a net consideration of £1.6 billion.
In April 2009 the Group disposed of its 50% stake in Linea Directa Aseguradora to its joint venture partner, Bankinter, for a cash consideration of €426 million. This disposal is consistent with the Group strategy announced on 26 February 2009. As a 50/50% joint venture, Linea Directa Aseguradora had operated as a largely independent Spanish insurance operation with limited connection to the Group.
RBS announced on 4 August 2009 that it had reached agreement with ANZ on the sale of a number of its Asian assets, and remains in advanced discussions on the sale of its remaining Asian retail and commercial businesses.
Although full documentation of the Asset Protection Scheme has not yet been finalised, the key terms of the APS were agreed in principle and announced in February. RBS's most recent APS submission is for coverage of assets with a gross value of £316 billion and a carrying value, net of impairments and write-downs incurred before 1 January 2009, of £294 billion. These assets are individually identified and documented and comprise primarily corporate loans, bonds and mortgages, as well as more complex credit exposures such as collateralised debt obligations and derivative transactions with monoline insurers.
Subject to the detailed terms and conditions of the Scheme and state aid approval, RBS will bear the first loss on these specified assets up to £19.5 billion, plus historical impairments and write-downs. Once this first loss is exceeded, HMT will bear 90% of further losses, while the remaining 10% of the losses will remain with RBS. The APS applies to losses incurred on or after 1 January 2009 in respect of assets held on RBS's balance sheet as at 31 December 2008.
The Group will pay a fee of £6.5 billion for this protection. In addition, it has agreed to forgo certain tax reliefs, including the ability to carry back 2008 losses to 2007. RBS's agreement to forfeit these tax reliefs will continue until 31 December 2013 when the Group returns to profitability, whichever occurs earlier. The cost of this tax agreement will depend on results but is currently estimated at £9-11 billion.
Before RBS's participation in the APS can begin, state aid clearance must also be received by the UK Government from the European Commission in respect of all aspects of the scheme including asset coverage and pricing. As referenced in the Chief Executive's letter on page 10, both the terms of the APS announced in February and the asset coverage outlined above remain open and may change as negotiations continue with HM Treasury and the European Commission regarding the Scheme. This remains an important risk factor for RBS.
In February, as a result of the APS, the Group agreed to make available an additional £25 billion of lending to creditworthy customers on commercial terms, and subject to market demand, over the ensuing 12 months, and a similar amount over the following year. In the first four months since entering into this commitment RBS has achieved strong results in the mortgage market, with gross lending over £7 billion despite generally weak demand, and remains on track to achieve its targets. UK mortgage balances, including Ulster at 30 June 2009 totalled £80.8 billion, up 9% year on year and 5% higher than at the end of 2008.
In business markets, RBS has achieved gross new lending of £28.6 billion. However, demand has been comparatively muted, with companies cutting inventories and expansion plans and reducing their bank borrowing requirements. Additionally, the anticipated withdrawal of non-UK and wholesalefunded lenders which has characterised the mortgage market has not occurred in corporate markets, and the anticipated "gap" in the market for creditworthy corporate borrowers has not emerged. After taking account of loan repayments and overdraft movements, RBS's UK business lending, including Ulster, at 30 June 2009 totalled £155.1 billion, a decrease of 1% from 30 June 2008 and a decline of 4% since the end of 2008.
In the SME segment of business markets, gross lending in the first half totalled £17 billion notwithstanding weaker demand. However, repayments have been accelerating since the third quarter of 2008, leaving balances at the end of June of £66.6 billion, up 2% from June 2008. As a result of RBS's price pledge, 94% of customers who renewed their overdrafts in the second quarter of 2009 did so at the same margin or lower and in June, the average interest rate paid by customers on term loans was half its level a year earlier. Total credit applications in the first half were down 22% on the same period of 2008. While there has been some recovery in recent months in the number of applications for term loans, the average size of each application has fallen, reflecting, among other factors, falling property values. As a result, term loan applications by value were 37% lower. The acceptance rate across all categories of SME credit remains stable at 85%.
Among larger corporates, RBS advanced £12 billion of gross new lending in the first half. However, many larger companies are actively deleveraging, and RBS has helped many of its clients to raise new finance in the equity and bonds markets, which has been used to reduce bank borrowing substantially. Demand for acquisition finance remains minimal.
RBS has undertaken a range of initiatives aimed at demonstrating that it remains open for business, and is determined to do its part in meeting demand for lending from creditworthy homeowners and businesses. There have been some recent signs of a modest increase in demand in certain segments of the market, but in the absence of a more general recovery in borrowing appetite the targets will remain challenging.
| Net lending | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30 June | 31 December | Gross lending | during H1 | 30 June | |
| 2008 | 2008 | during H1 2009 | 2009 | 2009 | |
| £bn | £bn | £bn | £bn | £bn | |
| Mortgages | 74.2 | 76.7 | 7.2 | 4.1 | 80.8 |
| Total Business | 156.8 | 162.4 | 28.6 | (7.3) | 155.1 |
| SME | 65.0 | 66.9 | 17.0 | (0.3) | 66.6 |
| Mid-corporate | 47.3 | 49.4 | 7.3 | (2.6) | 46.8 |
| Large corporate | 44.5 | 46.1 | 4.3 | (4.4) | 41.7 |
| Total Lending | 231.0 | 239.1 | 35.8 | (3.2) | 235.9 |
Lending figures represent drawn balances, with the exception of Large Corporate figures, which are committed lending (as per RBS's Lending Commitments agreement). Wealth lending balances, unsecured personal lending and non-UK lending are not included in the above data.
Crucial to the Group's prospects for future success and return to standalone health is the resilience of its customer franchises. It was, therefore, significant that, excepting the extensive activities earmarked for restructuring, run-off or exit, RBS generally sustained its customer market positions during the first half despite the headwinds of reputational damage and financial weakness. In the UK personal sector, the RBS and NatWest banking brands made good headway, increasing the number of current account customers to 12.6 million, up 3% from June 2008, and the number of savings accounts to 9.7 million, up 18%. Our mortgage business has also made particularly good progress despite weak market demand, driven by the requirement to fulfil our lending commitments with market share increased from historically modest levels as wholesale-funded lenders have pulled out of the market. UK Corporate maintained its market-leading position among businesses, ranking first in customer satisfaction. Ulster Bank increased consumer accounts by 5%, while Citizens achieved good success in converting mortgage customers into checking account customers, with checking accounts up 2% to 4.1 million, and increased the number of business checking account customers by 3%. In GBM, good progress was made in chosen market positions, moving from fifth to fourth in the Euromoney global foreign exchange rankings and sustaining top 3 positions in key government bond markets. A number of other market shares slipped back, reflecting deliberate strategy and business disruption. RBS Insurance achieved a strong performance, with own-brand motor policies up 8% and own-brand non-motor policies also up 8%.
As part of the Group's strategic plan, targets have been established for each division. These targets do not constitute forecasts, but it is the Group's intention to make measurable progress towards these goals during the period covered.
Return on equity for the banking divisions is defined as divisional operating profit (after tax) divided by divisional notional equity (based on 7% of divisional risk-weighted assets (except for Global Banking & Markets, 10% and UK Corporate, 8% of RWAs) adjusted for regulatory capital deductions.
| UK Retail | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Return on equity % | Cost:income % | Loans:deposits % | |||
| 2011 | >1 | <60 | <120 | ||
| 2013 | >15 | c.50 | <105 | ||
| UK Corporate | |||||
| Return on equity % | Cost:income % | Loans:deposits % | |||
| 2011 | >5 | <45 | <135 | ||
| 2013 | >15 | <35 | <130 | ||
| GBM | |||||
| Return on equity % | Cost:income % | ||||
| 2011 | c15 | <65 | |||
| 2013 | 15-20 | c.55 | |||
| GTS | |||||
| Return on equity % | Cost:income % | Loans:deposits % | |||
| 2011 | n.m. | c.55 | <25 | ||
| 2013 | n.m. | <50 | <20 | ||
| Wealth | |||||
| Return on equity % | Cost:income % | Loans:deposits % | |||
| 2011 | n.m. | <60 | <35 | ||
| 2013 | n.m. | <50 | <30 | ||
| Ulster Bank | |||||
| Return on equity % | Cost:income % | Loans:deposits % | |||
| 2011 | >0 | <75 | <175 | ||
| 2013 | >15 | c.50 | <150 | ||
| US Retail & Commercial | |||||
| Return on equity % | Cost:income % | Loans:deposits % | |||
| 2011 | c.10 | <70 | <90 | ||
| 2013 | >15 | <55 | <90 | ||
| Insurance | |||||
| Cost:income less claims | |||||
| Return on equity % | % | ||||
| 2011 | >15 | <70 | |||
| 2013 | >20 | <60 |
The exceptionally favourable market conditions from which GBM benefited in the first half of 2009 are not expected to continue in the second half, and this is likely to have a material effect on Core Bank operating income. In the retail and corporate banking divisions, income is expected to be more stable. Costs are expected to remain well controlled, while impairments are expected to remain at elevated levels. Restructuring charges will continue to be a feature over the next three years.
In the income statements set out below, amortisation of purchased intangible assets, gain on redemption of own debt, strategic disposals, write-down of goodwill and other intangible assets and integration and restructuring costs are shown separately. In the statutory condensed consolidated income statement on page 147, these items are included in income and operating expenses as appropriate. First half 2008 and full year 2008 have been restated for the amendment to IFRS 2 'Share-based payment'.
| First half | First half | Full Year | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 2008 | Change | 2008 | |
| £m | £m | % | £m | |
| Core | ||||
| Net interest income | 6,043 | 6,581 | (8) | 13,587 |
| Non-interest income (excluding insurance net premium income) | 9,533 | 5,235 | 82 | 6,127 |
| Insurance net premium income | 2,217 | 2,376 | (7) | 4,723 |
| Non-interest income | 11,750 | 7,611 | 54 | 10,850 |
| Total income (1) | 17,793 | 14,192 | 25 | 24,437 |
| Operating expenses (2) | (7,745) | (7,218) | 7 | (13,856) |
| Profit before other operating charges | 10,048 | 6,974 | 44 | 10,581 |
| Insurance net claims | (1,577) | (1,589) | (1) | (3,217) |
| Operating profit before impairment losses | 8,471 | 5,385 | 57 | 7,364 |
| Impairment losses | (2,177) | (670) | - | (2,512) |
| Operating profit (3) | 6,294 | 4,715 | 33 | 4,852 |
| Non-Core | ||||
| Net interest income | 612 | 920 | (33) | 2,177 |
| Non-interest income (excluding insurance net premium income) | (4,054) | (3,946) | 3 | (7,001) |
| Insurance net premium income | 440 | 485 | (9) | 986 |
| Non-interest income | (3,614) | (3,461) | 4 | (6,015) |
| Total income (1) | (3,002) | (2,541) | 18 | (3,838) |
| Operating expenses (2) | (988) | (1,175) | (16) | (2,332) |
| Operating loss before other operating charges and impairment | ||||
| losses | (3,990) | (3,716) | 7 | (6,170) |
| Insurance net claims | (314) | (338) | (7) | (700) |
| Impairment losses | (5,344) | (809) | - | (4,920) |
| Operating loss (3) | (9,648) | (4,863) | 98 | (11,790) |
For definitions of the notes see page 26.
| Summary consolidated income statement | First half 2009 £m |
First half 2008 £m |
Change % |
Full Year 2008 £m |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | ||||
| Net interest income | 6,655 | 7,501 | (11) | 15,764 |
| Non-interest income (excluding insurance net premium income) | 5,479 | 1,289 | - | (874) |
| Insurance net premium income | 2,657 | 2,861 | (7) | 5,709 |
| Non-interest income | 8,136 | 4,150 | 96 | 4,835 |
| Total income (1) | 14,791 | 11,651 | 27 | 20,599 |
| Operating expenses (2) | (8,733) | (8,393) | 4 | (16,188) |
| Profit before other operating charges | 6,058 | 3,258 | 86 | 4,411 |
| Insurance net claims | (1,891) | (1,927) | (2) | (3,917) |
| Operating profit before impairment losses (3) | 4,167 | 1,331 | - | 494 |
| Impairment losses | (7,521) | (1,479) | - | (7,432) |
| Operating loss (3) | (3,354) | (148) | - | (6,938) |
| Amortisation of purchased intangible assets | (140) | (262) | (47) | (443) |
| Integration and restructuring costs | (734) | (316) | 132 | (1,357) |
| Gain on redemption of own debt | 3,790 | - | - | - |
| Strategic disposals | 453 | - | - | 442 |
| Operating profit/(loss) before tax (4) | 15 | (726) | - | (8,296) |
| Tax | 412 | 303 | 36 | 1,280 |
| Profit/(loss) from continuing operations | 427 | (423) | - | (7,016) |
| Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax | (58) | (41) | 41 | (86) |
| Profit/(loss) for the period | 369 | (464) | 180 | (7,102) |
| Minority interests | (554) | (148) | - | (412) |
| Preference share and other dividends | (546) | (215) | 154 | (596) |
| Loss attributable to ordinary shareholders before write-down of goodwill and other intangible assets Write-down of goodwill and other intangible assets |
(731) (311) |
(827) - |
(12) - |
(8,110) (16,196) |
| Loss attributable to ordinary shareholders | (1,042) | (827) | 26 | (24,306) |
For definitions of the notes see page 26.
| First half | First half | Full year | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 2008 | 2008 | |
| £m | £m | £m | |
| Profit/(loss)/ for the period | 58 | (464) | (23,298) |
| Other comprehensive income: | |||
| Available-for-sale financial assets | (1,633) | (1,615) | (7,270) |
| Cash flow hedges | 521 | (123) | (405) |
| Currency translation | (2,447) | 733 | 7,327 |
| Actuarial losses on defined benefit plans | - | - | (1,807) |
| Tax on other comprehensive income | 408 | 491 | 2,572 |
| Other comprehensive income for the period, net of tax | (3,151) | (514) | 417 |
| Total comprehensive income for the period | (3,093) | (978) | (22,881) |
| Attributable to: | |||
| Equity shareholders | (3,146) | (936) | (23,148) |
| Minority interests | 53 | (42) | 267 |
| (3,093) | (978) | (22,881) |
| 30 June | 31 December | |
|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 2008 | |
| £m | £m | |
| Loans and advances to banks | 83,700 | 129,499 |
| Loans and advances to customers | 640,762 | 731,265 |
| Debt securities and equity shares | 243,279 | 275,357 |
| Derivatives and settlement balances | 579,134 | 1,009,307 |
| Other assets | 97,570 | 73,265 |
| Total assets | 1,644,445 | 2,218,693 |
| Owners' equity | 55,666 | 58,879 |
| Minority interests | 2,123 | 5,436 |
| Subordinated liabilities | 32,106 | 43,678 |
| Deposits by banks | 179,743 | 262,609 |
| Customer accounts | 490,282 | 518,461 |
| Derivatives, settlement balances and short positions | 594,914 | 1,023,673 |
| Other liabilities | 289,611 | 305,957 |
| Total liabilities and equity | 1,644,445 | 2,218,693 |
| First half | First half | Full Year | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 2008 | Change | 2008 | |
| Performance ratios | ||||
| Return on equity (5) | (18.1%) | (2.0%) | (1610bp) | (13.9%) |
| Net interest margin | 1.69% | 2.07% | (38bp) | 2.08% |
| Cost:income ratio (8) | 59.0% | 72.0% | (1,300bp) | 78.6% |
| Adjusted cost:income ratio (9) | 67.7% | 86.3% | (1,860bp) | 97.0% |
| Basic loss per ordinary share from continuing operations | (2.1p) | (6.4p) | 4.3p | (146.2p) |
| 30 June | 30 June | 31 December | ||
| 2009 | 2008 | 2008 | ||
| Capital and balance sheet | ||||
| Funded balance sheet (10) | £1,088.6bn | £1,247.9bn | (13%) | £1,227.2bn |
| Risk-weighted assets | £547.3bn | £491.7bn | 11% | £577.8bn |
| Core tier 1 ratio | 6.4% | 5.3% | 110bp | 5.9% |
| Tier 1 ratio | 9.0% | 8.6% | 40bp | 9.9% |
| Non-performing loans | £30.7bn | £8.8bn | - | £18.8bn |
| Non-performing loans as a % of loans and advances | 5.01% | 1.45% | 356bp | 2.67% |
| Provision balance as % of NPL/PPLs | 44% | 57% | (1,200bp) | 50% |
| Loan:deposit ratio | 144.5% | 137.3% | 720bp | 152.4% |
| Tier 1 leverage ratio (6) | 21.7x | 28.7x | (24%) | 21.2x |
| Tangible equity leverage ratio (7) | 3.0% | 2.1% | 90bp | 2.4% |
| Net tangible equity per share | 58.0p | 159.5p | (64%) | 73.8p |
Notes:
(1) Excluding gain on redemption of own debt and strategic disposals.
UK Retail offers a comprehensive range of banking products and related financial services to the personal market. It serves customers through the RBS and NatWest networks of branches and ATMs in the United Kingdom, and also through telephone and internet channels.
UK Corporate is a provider of banking, finance, and risk management services to the corporate and SME sector in the United Kingdom. It offers a full range of banking products and related financial services through a nationwide network of relationship managers, and also through telephone and internet channels. The product range includes asset finance through the Lombard brand.
Wealth provides private banking and investment services in the UK through Coutts & Co and Adam & Company, offshore banking through RBS International, NatWest Offshore and Isle of Man Bank, and international private banking through RBS Coutts.
Global Banking & Markets is a leading banking partner to major corporations and financial institutions around the world, providing an extensive range of debt and equity financing, risk management and investment services to its customers. The division is organised along seven principal business lines: money markets; rates flow trading; currencies; commodities (including RBS Sempra Commodities LLP, the commodities-marketing joint venture between RBS and Sempra Energy); equities; credit markets and portfolio management & origination.
Global Transaction Services ranks among the top five global transaction services providers, offering global payments, cash and liquidity management, and trade finance, United Kingdom and international merchant acquiring and commercial card products and services. It includes the Group's corporate money transmission activities in the United Kingdom and the United States.
Ulster Bank is the leading retail and commercial bank in Northern Ireland and the third largest banking group on the island of Ireland. It provides a comprehensive range of financial services through both its Retail Markets division which has a network of branches and operates in the personal and bancassurance sectors, while its Corporate Markets division provides services to SME business customers, corporates and institutional markets.
US Retail & Commercial provides financial services primarily through the Citizens and Charter One brands. US Retail is engaged in retail and corporate banking activities through its branch network in 12 states in the United States and through non-branch offices in other states. It ranks among the top five banks in New England and the Mid Atlantic regions.
RBS Insurance sells and underwrites retail and SME insurance over the telephone and internet, as well as through brokers and partnerships. Its brands include Direct Line, Churchill and Privilege, which sell general insurance products direct to the customer, as well as Green Flag and NIG. Through its international division, RBS Insurance sells general insurance, mainly motor, in Germany and Italy. The Intermediary and Broker division sells general insurance products through independent brokers.
Group Manufacturing comprises the Group's worldwide manufacturing operations. It supports the customer-facing businesses and provides operational technology, customer support in telephony, account management, lending and money transmission, global purchasing, property and other services. Manufacturing drives efficiencies and supports income growth across multiple brands and channels by using a single, scalable platform and common processes wherever possible. It also leverages the Group's purchasing power and is the Group's centre of excellence for managing largescale and complex change.
Central items comprises group and corporate functions, such as treasury, funding and finance, risk management, legal, communications and human resources. The Centre manages the Group's capital resources and Group-wide regulatory projects and provides services to the operating divisions.
Non-Core Division manages separately assets that the Group intends to run off or dispose of. The division contains a range of businesses and asset portfolios primarily from the GBM division, linked to proprietary trading, higher risk profile asset portfolios including excess risk concentrations, and other illiquid portfolios. It also includes a number of other portfolios and businesses including regional markets businesses that the Group has concluded are no longer strategic.
The operating profit/(loss) of each division before amortisation of purchased intangible assets, writedown of goodwill and other intangible assets, integration and restructuring costs, gain on redemption of own debt and strategic disposals.
| First half | First half | Full Year | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 2008 | Change | 2008 | |
| £m | £m | % | £m | |
| Operating profit before impairment losses | ||||
| UK Retail | 877 | 954 | (8) | 1,772 |
| UK Corporate | 872 | 1,035 | (16) | 1,965 |
| Wealth | 240 | 190 | 26 | 377 |
| Global Banking & Markets | 5,110 | 1,132 | - | (774) |
| Global Transaction Services | 509 | 497 | 2 | 1,103 |
| Ulster Bank | 149 | 190 | (22) | 324 |
| US Retail & Commercial | 318 | 417 | (24) | 965 |
| RBS Insurance | 223 | 300 | (26) | 626 |
| Central items | 173 | 670 | (74) | 1,006 |
| Core | 8,471 | 5,385 | 57 | 7,364 |
| Non-Core | (4,304) | (4,054) | (6) | (6,870) |
| Group operating profit before impairment losses | 4,167 | 1,331 | - | 494 |
| Included in the above are movements in fair value of own debt of: | ||||
| Global Banking & Markets | 164 | 584 | (72) | 357 |
| Central items | (93) | 228 | (141) | 875 |
| 71 | 812 | (91) | 1,232 | |
| Impairment losses by division | ||||
| UK Retail | 824 | 440 | 87 | 1,019 |
| UK Corporate | 551 | 96 | - | 321 |
| Wealth | 22 | 5 | - | 16 |
| Global Banking & Markets | 237 | 17 | - | 541 |
| Global Transaction Services | 13 | 4 | - | 48 |
| Ulster Bank | 157 | 18 | - | 106 |
| US Retail & Commercial | 369 | 126 | 193 | 437 |
| RBS Insurance | 6 | - | - | 42 |
| Central items | (2) | (36) | (94) | (18) |
| Core Non-Core |
2,177 5,344 |
670 809 |
- - |
2,512 4,920 |
| Group impairment losses | 7,521 | 1,479 | - | 7,432 |
| Operating profit/(loss) by division | ||||
| UK Retail | 53 | 514 | (90) | 753 |
| UK Corporate | 321 | 939 | (66) | 1,644 |
| Wealth | 218 | 185 | 18 | 361 |
| Global Banking & Markets | 4,873 | 1,115 | - | (1,315) |
| Global Transaction Services | 496 | 493 | 1 | 1,055 |
| Ulster Bank | (8) | 172 | (105) | 218 |
| US Retail & Commercial | (51) | 291 | (118) | 528 |
| RBS Insurance | 217 | 300 | (28) | 584 |
| Central items | 175 | 706 | (75) | 1,024 |
| Core | 6,294 | 4,715 | 33 | 4,852 |
| Non-Core | (9,648) | (4,863) | 98 | (11,790) |
| Group operating loss | (3,354) | (148) | - | (6,938) |
| First half 2009 £m |
First half 2008 £m |
Change % |
Full Year 2008 £m |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of impairment losses | ||||
| Loan impairment losses | 6,796 | 1,406 | - | 6,478 |
| Impairment losses on available-for-sale securities | 725 | 73 | - | 954 |
| Total impairment losses | 7,521 | 1,479 | - | 7,432 |
| Loan impairment charge as % of gross loans and advances excluding reverse | ||||
| repurchase agreements | 2.22% | 0.46% | 176bp | 0.91% |
| 30 June | 30 June | 31 December | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 2008 | 2008 | |
| £bn | £bn | £bn | |
| Risk-weighted assets by division | |||
| UK Retail | 54.0 | 44.7 | 45.7 |
| UK Corporate | 85.1 | 84.9 | 81.5 |
| Wealth | 10.5 | 10.4 | 11.0 |
| Global Banking & Markets | 126.6 | 137.7 | 166.5 |
| Global Transaction Services | 16.7 | 16.9 | 17.1 |
| Ulster Bank | 26.2 | 21.5 | 24.5 |
| US Retail & Commercial | 55.6 | 44.8 | 63.9 |
| Other | 8.6 | 8.2 | 7.0 |
| Core | 383.3 | 369.1 | 417.2 |
| Non-Core | 164.0 | 122.6 | 160.6 |
| Total risk-weighted assets | 547.3 | 491.7 | 577.8 |
| First half 2009 £m |
First half 2008 £m |
Change % |
Full year 2008 £m |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1,684 | 1,530 | 10 | 3,229 |
| 658 122 |
814 139 |
(19) (12) |
1,524 227 |
| 780 | 953 | (18) | 1,751 |
| 2,464 | 2,483 | (1) | 4,980 |
| (428) (221) (938) |
(445) (219) (865) |
(4) 1 8 |
(924) (436) (1,848) |
| (1,587) | (1,529) | 4 | (3,208) |
| 877 (824) |
954 (440) |
(8) 87 |
1,772 (1,019) |
| 53 | 514 | (90) | 753 |
| 609 480 741 122 416 96 |
633 219 998 132 418 83 |
(4) 119 (26) (8) - 16 |
1,234 497 2,013 217 831 188 |
| 2,464 | 2,483 | (1) | 4,980 |
| 63 494 267 824 |
13 255 172 440 |
- 94 55 87 |
31 568 420 1,019 |
| Loan impairment charge as % of gross customer loans and advances by sector 0.16% 7.01% 8.75% 1.70% |
0.04% 3.29% 5.06% |
12bp 372bp 369bp |
0.04% 3.76% 6.67% 1.09% |
| 0.96% | 74bp |
| First half | First half | Full year | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 2008 | Change | 2008 | |
| £bn | £bn | % | £bn | |
| Performance ratios | ||||
| Return on equity (1) | 1.8% | 19.3% | (1,750bp) | 13.7% |
| Net interest margin | 3.62% | 3.52% | 10bp | 3.62% |
| Cost:income ratio | 63.7% | 60.0% | 370bp | 62.1% |
| 30 June | 30 June | 31 December | ||
| 2009 | 2008 | Change | 2008 | |
| £bn | £bn | % | £bn | |
| Capital and balance sheet | ||||
| Loans and advances to customers – gross | ||||
| - mortgages | 76.9 | 69.7 | 10 | 72.4 |
| - personal | 14.1 | 15.5 | (9) | 15.1 |
| - cards | 6.1 | 6.8 | (10) | 6.3 |
| Customer deposits (excluding bancassurance) | 83.4 | 76.6 | 9 | 78.9 |
| Assets under management – excluding deposits | 4.7 | 6.6 | (29) | 5.7 |
| Non-performing loans | 4.5 | 3.3 | 36 | 3.8 |
| Loan:deposit ratio (excluding repos) | 116.4% | 120.1% | (370bp) | 118.9% |
| Risk-weighted assets | 54.0 | 44.7 | 21 | 45.7 |
Note:
(1) Return on equity is based on divisional operating profit after tax, divided by divisional notional equity (based on 7% of divisional risk-weighted assets, adjusted for capital deductions).
UK Retail banking income declined marginally with growth in net interest income offset by declining fees. However, impairment losses have continued to rise, reflecting the wider economic environment, and consequently the division reported a much reduced operating profit of £53 million in the first half.
Net interest income grew by 10% to £1,684 million, driven by growth in both loan and deposit balances. Net interest margin increased slightly to 3.62% (2008 - 3.52%), with improved asset pricing, primarily in mortgages, offsetting the impact of the low interest rate environment on savings margins. Continued competitive pressure on savings margins and reduced volumes in unsecured lending may put pressure on the net interest margin in coming periods.
Non-interest income declined 18% to £780 million. Of this decline, £117 million reflected the withdrawal of the single premium payment protection insurance product and lower related income due to higher claims, with the remainder being largely due to the impact of the weak economic environment on credit card, private banking and bancassurance fees.
Direct expenses were reduced by 2% to £649 million, with a 4% reduction in direct staff costs reflecting lower staff compensation and the benefits of cost saving initiatives. Indirect costs rose by 8% to £938 million, including the effect of an additional £61 million Financial Services Compensation Scheme Levy. Total costs increased by 4% and the cost:income ratio deteriorated to 63.7%.
Impairment losses increased by 87% to £824 million reflecting the deterioration in the economic environment, and its impact on customer finances. The mortgage impairment charge was £63 million (2008 - £13 million) on a total book of £76.9 billion, while the unsecured lending impairments charge was £761 million (2008 - £427 million) on a book of £20.2 billion. Impairment provisions have been increased to reflect the reduction in expected cash recoveries. In mortgages, arrears rates remain below the industry average as reported by the Council of Mortgage Lenders. Repossessions have not increased as RBS seeks to support its customers in difficult times wherever possible. Current expectations are for the upward pressure on impairments to continue for the remainder of this year and into 2010.
Loans and advances to customers increased by 6% with particularly strong growth in mortgage lending, which grew by 10%. The strong performance in mortgages reflects good volumes of new business delivered primarily through organic channels as well as very good customer retention resulting from a competitively priced product range. Gross mortgage lending market share increased to 10.5% (2008 – 6.5%) and the Group is on track to deliver its commitments to the Government on net lending. Unsecured lending has continued to slow reflecting reduced customer demand and rising risk.
Customer deposits have grown 9% reflecting the strength of the UK Retail customer franchise in an increasingly competitive environment and despite depressed market growth. This is essential in order to fund the increased lending. Personal current account customers increased 3% both year on year and annualised in the first half to 12.6 million. Personal savings accounts increased 18% year on year to 9.7 million. The division's loan:deposit ratio improved by 4 percentage points compared with June 2008 to 116%.
Risk-weighted assets increased 21% to £53.8 billion, reflecting the upward pressure from procyclicality, including the impact of rising default probability and reduced levels of expected recoveries reflecting house price declines.
RBS continues to progress towards a more convenient, lower cost operating model, with over 3.8 million active users of online banking. A record share of new sales was achieved through direct channels. In the first half 700,000 additional accounts switched to paperless statements, taking the total number of paperless accounts to 2.3 million. In support of this lower cost operating model there has also been a 6% FTE reduction year on year. In Branches, a significant number of 'Cash & Deposits Machines' (CDMs) have been rolled out, giving customers in 121 branches access to this technology. The machines can accept cheque, notes and coin deposits, and can provide an 'image' receipt for customer reassurance.
| First half 2009 £m |
First half 2008 £m |
Change % |
Full year 2008 £m |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net interest income | 1,006 | 1,194 | (16) | 2,344 |
| Net fees and commissions Other non-interest income |
387 182 |
377 218 |
3 (17) |
791 388 |
| Non-interest income | 569 | 595 | (4) | 1,179 |
| Total income | 1,575 | 1,789 | (12) | 3,523 |
| Direct expenses - staff - other Indirect expenses |
(342) (106) (255) |
(368) (137) (249) |
(7) (23) 2 |
(752) (288) (518) |
| (703) | (754) | (7) | (1,558) | |
| Operating profit before impairment losses Impairment losses |
872 (551) |
1,035 (96) |
(16) - |
1,965 (321) |
| Operating profit | 321 | 939 | (66) | 1,644 |
| Analysis of income by business: Corporate and commercial lending Asset and invoice finance Corporate deposits Other Total income |
692 233 544 106 1,575 |
792 245 573 179 1,789 |
(13) (5) (5) (41) (12) |
1,460 486 1,246 331 3,523 |
| Analysis of impairment by sector: Manufacturing Housebuilding and construction Property Asset and invoice finance Other |
21 61 167 68 234 |
10 5 7 38 36 |
110 - - 79 - |
25 18 71 102 105 |
| Total impairment | 551 | 96 | - | 321 |
| Loan impairment charge as % of gross customer loans and advances excluding reverse repurchase agreements by sector: Manufacturing Housebuilding and construction Property Asset and invoice finance Other |
0.88% 2.30% 1.02% 1.55% 0.92% |
0.44% 0.19% 0.05% 0.92% 0.13% |
44bp 211bp 97bp 63bp 79bp |
0.47% 0.31% 0.22% 1.20% 0.19% |
| 1.08% | 0.18% | 90bp | 0.30% |
| First half 2009 £bn |
First half 2008 £bn |
Change % |
Full year 2008 £bn |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Performance ratios | ||||
| Return on equity (1) | 6.3% | 19.6% | (1,330bp) | 17.5% |
| Net interest margin | 2.14% | 2.64% | (50bp) | 2.54% |
| Cost:income ratio | 44.6% | 42.2% | 240bp | 44.2% |
| 30 June | 30 June | 31 December | ||
| 2009 | 2008 | Change | 2008 | |
| £bn | £bn | % | £bn | |
| Capital and balance sheet | ||||
| Total assets | 106.0 | 108.2 | (2) | 109.8 |
| Loans and advances to customers – gross | ||||
| - Manufacturing | 4.8 | 4.5 | 7 | 5.3 |
| - Housebuilding and construction | 5.3 | 5.4 | (2) | 5.8 |
| - Property | 32.9 | 29.2 | 13 | 32.1 |
| - Asset and invoice finance | 8.8 | 8.3 | 6 | 8.5 |
| - Other | 50.6 | 57.0 | (11) | 54.1 |
| Customer deposits | 84.1 | 83.9 | - | 79.9 |
| Non-performing loans | 2.4 | 0.9 | 167 | 1.3 |
| Loan:deposit ratio | 121.8% | 124.5% | (270bp) | 132.4% |
| Risk-weighted assets | 85.1 | 84.9 | - | 81.5 |
Note:
(1) Return on equity is based on divisional operating profit after tax, divided by divisional notional equity (based on 8% of divisional risk-weighted assets, adjusted for capital deductions).
The first half of 2009 has been a challenging period, with operating profit falling to £321 million. Results were severely affected by worsening income and higher impairments, partially offset by cost reductions. Increases in the cost of funding, the low base rate environment and lower levels of economic activity reduced margins, driving income lower by 12%, while costs were reduced by 7%. Impairment losses were significantly higher at £551 million.
Net interest income fell by 16% to £1,006 million with narrowed margins as a result of the significant increase in the cost of funding. New business margins on lending have widened, partly reflecting repricing from Base rate to LIBOR to better reflect the Group's costs of funding. Deposit margins narrowed sharply as savings floors were reached on a range of deposit products, although the impact on net interest income was partly mitigated by hedging programmes. Overall, net interest margin reduced by 50 basis points to 2.1%, and is expected to remain under pressure while interest rates remain low and deposit competition strong.
Non-interest income has also been adversely impacted by the slowdown in the UK economy, with lower levels of activity across most sectors leading to a 4% fall to £569 million.
Total direct costs fell by 11% to £448 million, reflecting lower staff compensation and a business-wide cost reduction programme which will generate further savings into the second half. Indirect costs from Manufacturing and Group Central functions increased by 2% to £255 million.
RBS Group – 2009 Interim results 35
Impairment losses increased materially to £551 million. While there was a rise in the number of significant corporate delinquencies requiring a specific provision, increased impairments of £271 million have also been recognised to cover losses in the portfolio not yet specifically identified. The impairment charge has been biased towards the housebuilding, property and construction sectors, but this is expected to spread more widely as the adverse economic conditions begin to impact other sectors of the economy for the remainder of 2009.
Loans and advances to customers were slightly down compared with 30 June 2008 at £102.4 billion. The division has stepped up its efforts to provide support to UK businesses, reflecting the lending commitments made in February to HM Government. Demand for credit, however, remains subdued, with the value of applications for Business & Commercial term loans 37% lower than in the first half of 2008
Deposit balances remained stable at £84.1 billion, building on the improved stability and confidence provided by the recapitalisations of 2008. Specific campaigns aimed at generating new deposits have yielded benefits in the first half of the year. Improving our capability and product offering is a key step in improving deposit-gathering performance. The loan:deposit ratio improved from 132% at the end of 2008 to 122% at June 2009.
Risk-weighted assets were stable at £85 billion, compared with June 2008, but increased by 4% from December 2008, reflecting the effect of procyclicality under Basel 2.
| First half 2009 £m |
First half 2008 £m |
Change % |
Full year 2008 £m |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net interest income | 339 | 271 | 25 | 588 |
| Net fees and commissions Other non-interest income |
182 43 |
212 39 |
(14) 10 |
409 77 |
| Non-interest income | 225 | 251 | (10) | 486 |
| Total income | 564 | 522 | 8 | 1,074 |
| Direct expenses - staff - other Indirect expenses |
(169) (68) (87) |
(187) (72) (73) |
(10) (6) 19 |
(379) (156) (162) |
| (324) | (332) | (2) | (697) | |
| Operating profit before impairment losses Impairment losses |
240 (22) |
190 (5) |
26 - |
377 (16) |
| Operating profit | 218 | 185 | 18 | 361 |
| Analysis of income: Private Banking Investments Total income |
469 95 564 |
395 127 522 |
19 (25) 8 |
835 239 1,074 |
| £bn | £bn | Change % |
£bn | |
| Performance ratios Net interest margin Cost:income ratio |
4.64% 57.5% |
4.42% 63.6% |
22bp (610bp) |
4.52% 64.9% |
| 30 June 2009 £bn |
30 June 2008 £bn |
Change % |
31 December 2008 £bn |
|
| Capital and balance sheet Loans and advances to customers – gross |
||||
| - mortgages - personal |
5.8 4.7 |
5.2 4.3 |
12 9 |
5.4 5.0 |
| - other | 2.2 | 1.8 | 22 | 2.2 |
| Customer deposits | 35.7 | 36.1 | (1) | 34.5 |
| Assets under management – excluding deposits | 29.8 | 34.7 | (14) | 34.7 |
| Non-performing loans | 0.2 | 0.1 | - | 0.1 |
| Loan:deposit ratio | 35.6% | 31.3% | 420bp | 36.6% |
| Risk-weighted assets | 10.5 | 10.4 | 1 | 11.0 |
Wealth delivered a resilient performance with income growing by 8% to £564 million and operating profit increasing by 18% to £218 million. Increases in income and reductions in direct costs were partly offset by higher provisions and higher internal allocations for support services.
Net interest income rose 25% to £339 million, primarily driven by increased internal pricing applied to the Wealth deposit base. The effect of this change improved divisional income, compared with the first half of 2008, by £89 million. Reported income also benefited from the appreciation of the Swiss franc against sterling. At constant exchange rates net interest income was 21% higher. Deposit balances have continued to grow in the second quarter of 2009 and recovered much of the outflow seen in the last quarter of 2008, demonstrating the underlying strength of the division's client relationships. The effect of lower base rates, and to a lesser extent lower average balances in the first half of 2009 (down 2% compared with the first half of 2008), was partially offset by an uplift in lending income. New deposit products have been designed to match evolving client needs for yield and liquidity. Lending volumes were strong, up 12%, particularly in mortgages and small business. Lending margins have improved, particularly for mortgages, and credit metrics for new business remain satisfactory.
Non-interest income, primarily comprising fees and commissions (for lending, payments and investments) declined 10% to £225 million as a result of two major factors: first, the significant fall in equity markets (the FTSE 100 index at 30 June 2009 was 24% lower than a year earlier while the S&P 500 index was down 28% for the same period) lowered overall investment portfolio values; second, ongoing lack of investor appetite led to lower than expected investment product sales as well as a preference for lower margin products. Furthermore, investors' use of leverage in investment portfolios was significantly lower. Together these contributed to an overall decline in investment assets under management of 14% to £29.8 billion.
Direct expenses fell 9% to £237 million reflecting three major influences: an increase due to foreign exchange effects (with the Swiss franc strengthening versus sterling), a decrease in remuneration and a further decrease from cost management. Headcount has been reduced 3% to 5,013. Indirect expenses increased by 19% to £87 million due to higher Group Centre allocations, most notably the Financial Services Compensation Scheme levies. At constant exchange rates total expenses were reduced by 8%.
Impairment losses increased by £17 million to £22 million, reflecting some isolated instances of difficulty in UK and offshore mortgage books (representing second property mortgages for expatriates). Impairment losses as a percentage of lending to customers increased to 0.35% (annualised).
Customer numbers have held steady, increasing by 1% compared with June 2008 despite the significant shrinkage in the population of high net worth individuals.
| First half 2009 £m |
First half 2008 £m |
Change % |
Full year 2008 £m |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net interest income from banking activities | 1,560 | 868 | 80 | 2,473 |
| Net fees and commissions receivable Income from trading activities Other operating income (net of related funding costs) |
728 5,733 (191) |
643 2,234 (69) |
13 157 177 |
1,259 116 (170) |
| Non-interest income | 6,270 | 2,808 | 123 | 1,205 |
| Total income | 7,830 | 3,676 | 113 | 3,678 |
| Direct expenses - staff - other Indirect expenses |
(1,787) (539) (394) (2,720) |
(1,603) (640) (301) (2,544) |
11 (16) 31 7 |
(2,433) (1,356) (663) (4,452) |
| Operating profit/(loss) before impairment losses Impairment losses |
5,110 (237) |
1,132 (17) |
- - |
(774) (541) |
| Operating profit/(loss) | 4,873 | 1,115 | - | (1,315) |
| Analysis of income by product: Rates - money markets Rates - flow Currencies Commodities Equities Credit markets Portfolio management and origination Fair value of own debt |
1,356 1,942 976 467 733 1,452 740 164 |
500 1,403 699 349 561 (1,028) 608 584 |
171 38 40 34 31 - 22 (72) |
1,150 1,445 1,524 798 368 (3,496) 1,532 357 |
| Total income | 7,830 | 3,676 | 113 | 3,678 |
| Analysis of impairment by sector: Manufacturing and infrastructure Property and construction Transport Telecommunications, media and technology Banks and financial institutions Other |
39 50 1 - 43 104 237 |
- 12 - - (9) 14 17 |
- - - - - - - |
39 12 - - 185 305 541 |
| Loan impairment charge as % of gross customer loans and advances excluding reverse repurchase agreements |
0.37% | 0.02% | 35bp | 0.27% |
| First half 2009 £bn |
First half 2008 £bn |
Change % |
Full year 2008 £bn |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Performance ratios | ||||
| Return on equity (1) | 51.6% | 11.4% | 4,020bp | (5.6%) |
| Net interest margin | 1.69% | 0.93% | 76bp | 1.26% |
| Cost:income ratio | 34.7% | 69.2% | (3,450bp) | 121.0% |
| 30 June | 30 June | 31 December | ||
| 2009 | 2008 | Change | 2008 | |
| £bn | £bn | % | £bn | |
| Capital and balance sheet | ||||
| Loans and advances (including banks) | 166.4 | 175.2 | (5) | 236.4 |
| Reverse repos | 75.2 | 179.9 | (58) | 88.8 |
| Securities | 115.5 | 147.6 | (22) | 127.5 |
| Cash and eligible bills | 51.5 | 48.6 | 6 | 20.2 |
| Other | 46.3 | 47.6 | (3) | 42.9 |
| Total third party assets (excluding derivatives mark to market) | 454.9 | 598.9 | (24) | 515.8 |
| Net derivative assets (after netting) | 70.7 | 57.0 | 24 | 113.0 |
| Customer deposits (excluding repos) | 66.0 | 82.8 | (20) | 90.2 |
| Non-performing loans | 1.1 | 0.4 | 175 | 0.7 |
| Loan:deposit ratio | 195.8% | 174.0% | 2,180bp | 200.6% |
| Risk-weighted assets | 126.6 | 137.7 | (8) | 166.5 |
Note:
(1) Return on equity is based on divisional operating profit after tax, divided by divisional notional equity (based on 10% of divisional risk-weighted assets, adjusted for capital deductions).
Following a particularly strong first quarter performance, notably in its rates and currencies businesses, Global Banking & Markets (GBM) continued to deliver robust income across all business lines throughout the first half of 2009. Total income was £7,830 million, up 113% from the first half of 2008. Costs were up 7% and credit impairments rose sharply, resulting in a first half 2009 operating profit of £4,873 million. On a constant currency basis total income was up 86% from the first half of 2008, while costs fell 1%.
The performance was particularly creditable given the immense pressures of business restructuring following 2008 losses. Significant people issues arising from competitors' hiring activities resulted in a net loss of people and revenues from GBM. GBM's ability to benefit from favourable market conditions demonstrates the core strength of its franchise. It is important to note, however, that first half revenues are likely to prove unsustainable, with a significantly lower run-rate expected in the second half of 2009.
Net interest income grew 80% to £1,560 million, with money markets income showing an especially strong performance, driven by global interest rate movements and volatility. Portfolio margins have improved, reflecting the rapid repricing taking place in the market. Fees and commissions rose 13% to £728 million, while income from trading activities advanced markedly to £5,733 million.
RBS Group – 2009 Interim results 40
By business line, the rates flow business saw continued good performance in the first half of 2009 with increased market volatility and strong customer demand, albeit at a more moderate level in the second quarter than in the first, which saw exceptional levels of activity. This resulted in a 38% increase in income to £1,942 million. The currencies business continued to make good progress in consolidating its leading position, generating income of £976 million in the first half of 2009, up 40%. The Sempra Commodities joint venture, which began in April 2008, contributed income of £467 million for the first half of 2009. Money markets delivered very strong revenue of £1,356 million, benefiting from the rapid reduction in short-term rates.
Core equities and equity derivatives performed well in an active market. Core equities revenue growth was driven by a strong equity capital markets (ECM) performance, with RBS rising from 5th to 4th position in Non-US ECM from the first half of 2008 to the first half of 2009.
As the impact of various government schemes globally began to take effect credit markets benefited from greater liquidity and a more positive trading environment, driving increased activity particularly in the US liquid mortgage trading business. The legacy illiquid mortgage origination and trading portfolio that incurred losses in 2008 has been substantially closed out.
Portfolio management income remained resilient and debt capital markets origination revenues grew strongly across both Corporate and FI client sectors. Total portfolio management and origination income grew by 22% to £740 million for the first half of 2009. Gains on the fair value of own debt began to reverse as credit spreads narrowed, with a loss of £483 million booked in the second quarter compared with a gain of £647 million in the first quarter.
While total income grew by 113%, total expenses increased 7% to £2,720 million but reduced by 1% at constant exchange rates. Besides currency effects, the expense line reflects the inclusion of Sempra for the full six months and the phasing of performance-related accruals. Compensation structures have undergone far-reaching review to align reward with long-term value creation, adjusted for risk; the compensation ratio for the half year was 23%, at the lower end of the expected range for this ratio for the full year. The ratio is likely to increase modestly in 2010/11 as the full accounting impact of new deferral policies accrues. Notwithstanding adverse exchange rate movements, non-staff costs were cut by 16%, primarily reflecting restructuring and efficiency benefits. Headcount reduced by 1,500, or 8%, compared with June 2008. The overall cost:income ratio improved significantly to 34.7%, reflecting the exceptionally strong income performance.
Impairments increased sharply to £237 million, representing 0.37% of loans & advances to customers. This compares with 0.02% for the first half of 2008 which was the low point in the economic cycle.
GBM's total third party assets excluding derivatives were reduced to £455 billion at 30 June 2009, a reduction of 24% on a year earlier, or 30% at constant exchange rates, reflecting continued progress in managing down the inventories supporting the trading businesses, with significant reductions in reverse repos and securities holdings. Within this, total loans and advances were £166 billion, a decrease of 5% from June 2008 or 13% at constant exchange rates, reflecting higher levels of corporate repayments particularly in Europe and the USA. GBM continued to provide direct support for key clients, notably in the UK, while at the same time facilitating their access to the global equity and debt capital markets. Net derivative assets totalled £70.7 billion, compared with £113.0 billion at 31 December 2008.
Risk-weighted assets reduced by 8% from a year earlier to £126.6 billion and were 24% lower than at 31 December 2008. The movement was principally affected by lower non-UK lending, reduced derivatives and foreign exchange movements.
Good progress was made in increasing market share in core markets, moving from fifth to fourth in the Euromoney global foreign exchange rankings and sustaining top 3 positions in key government bond markets. A number of other market shares slipped back, reflecting deliberate strategy and business disruption.
| First half 2009 £m |
First half 2008 £m |
Change % |
Full year 2008 £m |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net interest income | 446 | 445 | - | 939 |
| Non-interest income | 782 | 710 | 10 | 1,491 |
| Total income | 1,228 | 1,155 | 6 | 2,430 |
| Direct expenses | ||||
| - staff | (183) | (179) | 2 | (363) |
| - other | (72) | (66) | 9 | (100) |
| Indirect expenses | (464) | (413) | 12 | (864) |
| (719) | (658) | 9 | (1,327) | |
| Operating profit before impairment losses | 509 | 497 | 2 | 1,103 |
| Impairment losses | (13) | (4) | - | (48) |
| Operating profit | 496 | 493 | 1 | 1,055 |
| Analysis of income by product: | ||||
| Domestic cash management | 404 | 381 | 6 | 793 |
| International cash management | 350 | 344 | 2 | 723 |
| Trade finance | 152 | 110 | 38 | 240 |
| Merchant acquiring | 260 | 263 | (1) | 555 |
| Commercial cards | 62 | 57 | 9 | 119 |
| Total income | 1,228 | 1,155 | 6 | 2,430 |
| Change | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| £bn | £bn | % | £bn | |||
| Performance ratios | ||||||
| Net interest margin | 8.75% | 8.27% | 48bp | 8.27% | ||
| Cost: income ratio | 58.6% | 57.0% | (160bp) | 54.6% | ||
| 30 June | 30 June | 31 December | ||||
| 2009 | 2008 | Change | 2008 | |||
| £bn | £bn | % | £bn | |||
| Capital and balance sheet | ||||||
| Total third party assets | 19.7 | 21.0 | (6) | 22.5 | ||
| Loans and advances | 13.8 | 15.7 | (12) | 15.2 | ||
| Customer deposits | 54.0 | 59.7 | (10) | 62.0 | ||
| Non-performing loans | 0.1 | - | - | 0.1 | ||
| Loan:deposit ratio | 26.4% | 27.6% | (120bp) | 25.7% | ||
| Risk-weighted assets | 16.7 | 16.9 | (1) | 17.1 |
Global Transaction Services increased operating profit by 1% to £496 million, with results benefiting from currency movements. Income increased by 6% to £1,228 million, but declined 2% at constant exchange rates. Expenses were up 9%, but 2% in constant currency terms, as cost savings and efficiencies offset the impact of prudent investment in staffing and infrastructure in the second half of 2008.
Growth was driven by a solid performance in cash management, where income rose 4% in the first half of the year to £754 million, with growth in UK and US domestic cash management. The division continued to win new cash management business, reflecting the strength of the domestic platforms and the international network.
In the UK domestic market income grew by 5% despite the low interest rate environment and increased competition for deposits. Average deposits increased 13% to £15 billion, attributable to growth with UK financial institutions. US domestic fee income benefited from re-pricing strategies implemented in the second half of 2008 as income grew 9%, with currency effects mitigating the migration of some balances to Citizens.
International cash management income increased by 2% but was 7% lower at constant exchange rates. Income benefited primarily from the increased internal pricing applied to the GTS deposit base, but this was more than offset by the negative impact on margins caused by low base rates. Average deposit balances remained stable, but there was some attrition of international deposit customers affecting the period end spot balances. Interest rates are negatively impacting deposit margins as zero rate floors are reached on a range of products. The continued benefit of overdraft re-pricing has increased margins on asset balances versus the first half of 2008. International fee income from payment transactions has increased 19% on H1 2008.
The trade finance business increased income by 38%, with improving penetration into the Asia-Pacific region. The strength of the product platform resulted in new customer mandates particularly in the UK corporate sector, where the Supply chain service has continued to expand.
Merchant services and commercial cards income remained stable at £322 million in the face of changing consumer spending patterns. The value of individual transactions has decreased together with a switch from credit card to debit card usage as households pay down debt. Volume growth in the UK domestic acquiring market was up 5%, exceeding UK economic growth, which partly offset the decreasing value of individual transactions. Commercial cards income grew 9% driven by improved margins, compensating for the downturn in corporate spending.
Total expenses for the division rose 9% in the first half of 2009 to £719 million, largely reflecting exchange rate movements, with direct expenses up 4% to £255 million and indirect expenses up 12% to £464 million. In constant currency terms, direct expenses were reduced by 1% as a result of the division's continued implementation of cost saving initiatives and operating model efficiencies, while indirect expenses increased by 4%. The cost: income ratio was 58.6%, a deterioration of 2.4% in constant currency terms.
Impairment losses were £13 million for the first half 2009, up from £4 million in the first half of 2008. Overall defaults remain modest at 0.1% of loans and advances.
Average deposit balances for the period remained stable, but deposits at 30 June 2009 were down 10% on the first half of 2008, driven in part by US domestic transfers within the wider Group and some attrition in international cash management. Loans and advances were down 12% from June 2008 due to lower overdraft utilisation. In constant currency terms, deposits fell by 12% and loans and advances by 15%. Divisional net funding contribution has remained stable. Risk-weighted assets were 6% lower in constant currency terms.
| First half | First half | Full year | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 £m |
2008 £m |
Change % |
2008 £m |
|
| Net interest income | 410 | 392 | 5 | 773 |
| Net fees and commissions | 85 | 104 | (18) | 228 |
| Other non-interest income | 23 | 39 | (41) | 38 |
| Non-interest income | 108 | 143 | (24) | 266 |
| Total income | 518 | 535 | (3) | 1,039 |
| Direct expenses | ||||
| - staff | (170) | (159) | 7 | (330) |
| - other | (47) | (46) | 2 | (93) |
| Indirect expenses | (152) | (140) | 9 | (292) |
| (369) | (345) | 7 | (715) | |
| Operating profit before impairment losses | 149 | 190 | (22) | 324 |
| Impairment losses | (157) | (18) | - | (106) |
| Operating (loss)/profit | (8) | 172 | (105) | 218 |
| Analysis of income by business: | ||||
| Corporate | 299 | 319 | (6) | 618 |
| Retail | 194 | 197 | (2) | 396 |
| Other | 25 | 19 | 32 | 25 |
| Total income | 518 | 535 | (3) | 1,039 |
| Analysis of impairment by sector: | ||||
| Mortgages | 23 | 7 | - | 17 |
| Corporate | 107 | - | - | 44 |
| Other | 27 | 11 | 145 | 45 |
| 157 | 18 | - | 106 | |
| Loan impairment charge as % of gross customer loans and advances | ||||
| excluding reverse repurchase agreements by sector | ||||
| Mortgages | 0.29% | 0.09% | 20bp | 0.09% |
| Corporate | 1.00% | - | 100bp | 0.18% |
| Other | 3.38% | 0.92% | 246bp | 2.14% |
| 0.81% | 0.10% | 71bp | 0.24% |
| Change | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| £bn | £bn | % | £bn | |
| Performance ratios | ||||
| Return on equity (1) | (0.7%) | 18.2% | (1,890bp) | 10.1% |
| Net interest margin | 1.95% | 1.92% | 3bp | 1.89% |
| Cost:income ratio | 71.2% | 64.5% | 670bp | 68.8% |
| 30 June 2009 £bn |
30 June 2008 £bn |
Change % |
31 December 2008 £bn |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capital and balance sheet | ||||
| Loans and advances to customers – gross | ||||
| - mortgages | 16.0 | 15.7 | 2 | 18.1 |
| - corporate | 21.2 | 18.8 | 13 | 23.8 |
| - other | 1.8 | 2.4 | (25) | 2.1 |
| Customer deposits | 18.9 | 22.9 | (17) | 24.3 |
| Non-performing loans | ||||
| - mortgages | 0.4 | 0.2 | - | 0.3 |
| - corporate | 1.1 | 0.2 | - | 0.8 |
| - other | 0.1 | 0.1 | - | 0.1 |
| Loan:deposit ratio | 206.3% | 161.1% | 4,520bp | 181.1% |
| Risk-weighted assets | 26.2 | 21.5 | 22 | 24.5 |
Note:
(1) Return on equity is based on divisional operating profit after tax, divided by divisional notional equity (based on 7% of divisional risk-weighted assets, adjusted for capital deductions).
Ulster Bank's results have been severely affected by economic conditions across the island of Ireland. Income fell by 3%, or by 14% at constant exchange rates, to £518 million, reflecting reduced volumes and narrowing margins. Although expense growth remained under tight control, impairments rose sharply, resulting in an operating loss of £8 million.
Net interest income declined to £410 million in the first half of 2009, a reduction of 8% at constant exchange rates, with net interest margin up 3 basis points to 1.95%. There was some easing of wholesale funding costs over the course of the period, and a re-pricing of some new lending, but this was largely offset by the increasing cost of acquiring and retaining customer deposits. Margins are expected to decline reflecting the highly competitive deposit market. Loans to customers were flat year on year as new lending reduced significantly reflecting subdued demand, although redemption levels have also fallen. Ulster Bank remains on track to deliver its portion of the Group's lending commitments in Northern Ireland. Non-wholesale customer deposits were broadly flat reflecting the highly competitive deposit market in Ireland. Customer deposits were down by 21% in constant currency terms, primarily as a result of the impact of the Irish Government guarantee scheme and a reduction in wholesale deposits in the first quarter but this has since stabilised.
Non-interest income fell by 30% at constant currency rates in the first half of 2009 reflecting reduced fee income from bancassurance products sales and lower activity levels, particularly in the banking and Capital Markets businesses.
RBS Group – 2009 Interim results 47
Direct expenses were £217 million, a reduction of 5% in constant currency terms, driven by a 4% reduction in staff costs, reflecting the initial benefits of the Bank's restructuring programme. On the same constant currency basis, other costs were 10% lower as a result of a range of cost reduction initiatives across the business, with indirect costs held flat.
Impairment charges increased to £157 million, reflecting the significant continuing deterioration in the Irish economic outlook and the resultant change in underlying credit metrics. Impairments are expected to continue to rise in the second half of 2009.
Ulster Bank continues to launch products aimed at supporting existing and new customers through the changing economic environment. These include the Momentum mortgage and Co-ownership Scheme in Northern Ireland and the Secure Step mortgage in the Republic of Ireland. For business customers, €1billion of funding has been made available across the island of Ireland including £250 million of SME funding in Northern Ireland. Support is also being provided to customers through the launch of the "MoneySense for Adults" and "Flex" propositions, as well as the "Small Business Can" website.
Ulster Bank launched its 'One Bank' programme in January which is on track for completion by the end of 2009. The programme will see the merger of the First Active and Ulster Bank businesses and the implementation of a number of cost management initiatives across all business areas. The creation of a single franchise across the island of Ireland will increase efficiency and result in further cost reductions whilst providing customers with an improved level of service. Customer numbers have grown across the Ulster Bank brand and across the island of Ireland, with strong growth in current and savings accounts driving a 5% increase in total consumer accounts compared with June 2008.
| First half 2009 £m |
First half 2008 £m |
Change % |
Full year 2008 £m |
First half 2009 \$m |
First half 2008 \$m |
Change % |
Full year 2008 \$m |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net interest income | 942 | 774 | 22 | 1,726 | 1,407 | 1,529 | (8) | 3,200 |
| Net fees and commissions Other non-interest income |
407 97 |
310 84 |
31 15 |
664 197 |
608 144 |
612 168 |
(1) (14) |
1,231 362 |
| Non-interest income | 504 | 394 | 28 | 861 | 752 | 780 | (4) | 1,593 |
| Total income | 1,446 | 1,168 | 24 | 2,587 | 2,159 | 2,309 | (6) | 4,793 |
| Direct expenses - staff - other Indirect expenses |
(402) (331) (395) |
(311) (142) (298) |
29 133 33 |
(645) (354) (623) |
(600) (495) (589) |
(614) (281) (588) |
(2) 76 - |
(1,194) (654) (1,157) |
| (1,128) | (751) | 50 | (1,622) | (1,684) | (1,483) | 14 | (3,005) | |
| Operating profit before impairment losses Impairment losses |
318 (369) |
417 (126) |
(24) 193 |
965 (437) |
475 (551) |
826 (249) |
(42) 121 |
1,788 (811) |
| Operating (loss)/profit | (51) | 291 | (118) | 528 | (76) | 577 | (113) | 977 |
| Analysis of income by product: |
||||||||
| Mortgages and home equity | 272 | 175 | 55 | 375 | 407 | 346 | 18 | 695 |
| Personal lending and cards Retail deposits |
220 433 |
157 465 |
40 (7) |
333 1,000 |
328 647 |
310 919 |
6 (30) |
617 1,853 |
| Commercial lending | 281 | 179 | 57 | 405 | 419 | 354 | 18 | 751 |
| Commercial deposits | 193 | 169 | 14 | 377 | 288 | 334 | (14) | 698 |
| Other | 47 | 23 | 104 | 97 | 70 | 46 | 52 | 179 |
| Total income | 1,446 | 1,168 | 24 | 2,587 | 2,159 | 2,309 | (6) | 4,793 |
| Average exchange rate - US\$/£ |
1.494 | 1.975 | 1.853 |
| First half | First half | Full year | First half First half | Full year | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 2008 | Change | 2008 | 2009 | 2008 Change | 2008 | ||
| £m | £m | % | £m | \$m | \$m | % | \$m | |
| Analysis of impairment by sector: |
||||||||
| Residential mortgages | 35 | 12 | 192 | 41 | 52 | 24 | 117 | 76 |
| Home equity | 72 | 25 | 188 | 67 | 107 | 50 | 114 | 125 |
| Corporate & Commercial | 169 | 40 | - | 181 | 253 | 78 | - | 335 |
| Other consumer | 93 | 49 | 90 | 148 | 139 | 97 | 43 | 275 |
| 369 | 126 | 193 | 437 | 551 | 249 | 121 | 811 | |
| Loan impairment charge as % | ||||||||
| of gross customer loans and | ||||||||
| advances excluding reverse | ||||||||
| repurchase agreements by | ||||||||
| sector | ||||||||
| Residential mortgages | 0.96% | 0.30% | 66bp | 0.43% | 0.87% | 0.30% | 57bp | 0.55% |
| Home equity Corporate & Commercial |
0.91% 1.65% |
0.37% 0.47% |
54bp 118bp |
0.36% 0. 76% |
0.82% 1.50% |
0.37% 0.47% |
45bp 103bp |
0.46% 0.97% |
| Other consumer | 2.25% | 1.35% | 90bp | 1.51% | 2.04% | 1.36% | 68bp | 1.92% |
| 1.42% | 0.55% | 87bp | 0.71% | 1.29% | 0.55% | 74bp | 0.90% | |
| Performance ratios | ||||||||
| Return on equity (1) | (1.7%) | 12.1% | (1,380bp) | 7.7% | (1.5%) | 12.0% (1,350bp) | 9.70% | |
| Net interest margin | 2.31% | 2.61% | (30bp) | 2.65% | 2.32% | 2.61% | (29bp) | 2.68% |
| Cost:income ratio | 78.0% | 64.2% | 1,380bp | 62.7% | 78.0% | 64.2% | 1,380bp | 62.7% |
| 30 June | 30 June | 31 December | 30 June 30 June | 31 December | ||||
| 2009 | 2008 | Change | 2008 | 2009 | 2008 Change | 2008 | ||
| £bn | £bn | % | £bn | £bn | £bn | % | £bn | |
| Capital and balance sheet | ||||||||
| Total assets | 75.6 | 68.9 | 10 | 87.5 | 124.4 | 137.0 | (9) | 127.8 |
| Loans and advances to | ||||||||
| customers (gross): | ||||||||
| - Residential mortgages | 7.3 | 8.0 | (9) | 9.5 | 12.0 | 15.9 | (25) | 13.9 |
| - home equity | 15.9 | 13.5 | 18 | 18.7 | 26.1 | 26.8 | (3) | 27.2 |
| - corporate and commercial | 20.5 | 16.6 | 23 | 23.7 | 33.6 | 33.0 | 2 | 34.7 |
| - other consumer | 8.3 | 7.2 | 15 | 9.8 | 13.7 | 14.4 | (5) | 14.3 |
| Customer deposits | 60.2 | 52.5 | 15 | 64.4 | 99.0 | 104.5 | (5) | 94.0 |
| Non-performing loans | ||||||||
| - retail | 0.3 | 0.1 | - | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.2 | - | 0.3 |
| - commercial | 0.1 | - | - | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.1 | - | 0.2 |
| Loan:deposit ratio | 86.7% | 87.4% | (70bp) | 96.6% | 86.7% | 87.4% | (70bp) | 96.6% |
| Risk-weighted assets | 55.6 | 44.8 | 24 | 63.9 | 91.3 | 89.2 | 2 | 93.2 |
| Spot exchange rate - US\$/£ | 1.644 | 1.989 | 1.460 |
Note:
(1) Return on equity is based on divisional operating profit after tax, divided by divisional notional equity (based on 7% of divisional risk-weighted assets, adjusted for capital deductions).
US Retail & Commercial Banking results were challenged by the recessionary economic environment in the United States and historically low interest rates. Credit conditions worsened as the housing market continued to deteriorate and unemployment rose, exacerbating already difficult conditions. As a result, income declined by 6% to \$2,159 million, producing an operating loss of \$76 million. In sterling terms, total income increased by 24% to £1,446 million with an operating loss of £51 million, reflecting a significant weakening of sterling against the dollar.
Net interest income was down 8% to \$1,407 million with lower net interest margin at 2.31% for the first half of 2009 compared with 2.61% for the first half of 2008. The low interest rate environment contributed to a decline of 30 basis points in deposit margins, only partially offset by wider loan margins, reflecting deteriorating credit conditions and tighter underwriting standards. Non-interest income was down 4% primarily due to lower gains, which declined by \$29 million. Net fees and commissions were flat, with higher mortgage origination fees resulting from record refinancing activity offsetting weaker consumer banking fees. Depending upon the prevailing rate environment and local market competition, net interest margins are expected to remain stable / range-bound in the second half, largely driven by pricing around deposits.
Total expenses increased by 14% to \$1,684 million, largely as a result of higher deposit insurance costs including a one-off FDIC special assessment of \$72 million, as well as increased costs relating to loan workout and collection activity which is expected to mitigate the impact of future impairments. Half year results include the successful execution of restructuring actions announced at the end of 2008. These actions impacted approximately 1,000 employees and resulted in savings of \$32 million reflected in the first half results. With income weak, the cost:income ratio deteriorated markedly to 78%.
Impairment losses totalled \$551 million in the first half of 2009 compared with \$249 million in the first half of 2008 impacting both the retail and commercial loan portfolios. Actual charge-offs were \$376 million or 0.87% of loans, an increase of 44bps compared with the first half of 2008. There was a net increase of \$175 million in provision balances in the half. Consumer loan delinquencies have continued to rise throughout the first half reflecting the difficult economic conditions, representing 1.80% of loans compared with 1.04% of loans in the first half of 2008. Likewise, commercial nonperforming loans rose to 0.87% of total loans compared with 0.20% in the first half of 2008. The challenging economic environment continues to affect credit losses; however, Citizens' asset quality remains superior to peers as measured by non performing loans as a percentage of total loans.
Loans and advances were down 5% at \$85.4 billion reflecting mortgage securitisations and subdued customer demand, partly offset by a modest increase in commercial loan balances, which rose 2%. Total customer deposits including wholesale funding at 30 June 2009 were 5% lower at \$99 billion, principally due to a planned reduction in wholesale funding. However, despite a very competitive deposit market, core customer deposits were up 5% to \$99 billion, partly driven by strong growth in checking balances. The loan:deposit ratio improved to 87%.
US Retail & Commercial is a top 5 bank in New England and the Mid Atlantic regions and is among the top five participants in eight out of the ten largest sub-markets in which it has a presence. Its strategy is based on building market share through dedicated marketing and competitive pricing strategies within its footprint and on capturing opportunities in underpenetrated segments by building relationships with small and medium-sized companies.
| First half 2009 £m |
First half 2008 £m |
Change % |
Full year 2008 £m |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Earned premiums Reinsurers' share |
2,225 (85) |
2,263 (107) |
(2) (21) |
4,512 (206) |
| Insurance net premium income | 2,140 | 2,156 | (1) | 4,306 |
| Net fees and commissions | (187) | (201) | (7) | (396) |
| Investment income Other income |
115 97 |
180 87 |
(36) 11 |
367 153 |
| Total income | 2,165 | 2,222 | (3) | 4,430 |
| Direct expenses | (139) | (145) | (4) | (286) |
| - staff | ||||
| - other | (121) | (127) | (5) | (225) |
| Indirect expenses | (131) | (124) | 6 | (261) |
| (391) | (396) | (1) | (772) | |
| Gross claims | (1,574) | (1,571) | - | (3,136) |
| Reinsurers' share | 23 | 45 | (49) | 104 |
| Net claims | (1,551) | (1,526) | 2 | (3,032) |
| Operating profit before impairment losses | 223 | 300 | (26) | 626 |
| Impairment losses | (6) | - | - | (42) |
| Operating profit | 217 | 300 | (28) | 584 |
| Analysis of income by product: | ||||
| Motor own-brand | 972 | 959 | 1 | 1,942 |
| Household and Life own-brands | 414 | 400 | 4 | 806 |
| Motor partnerships and broker | 290 | 353 | (18) | 686 |
| Household and Life, partnerships and broker | 164 | 181 | (9) | 354 |
| Other (International, commercial and central) | 325 | 329 | (1) | 642 |
| Total income | 2,165 | 2,222 | (3) | 4,430 |
| Key business metrics | ||||
| In-force policies (thousands) | ||||
| - Motor own-brand | 4,789 | 4,424 | 8 | 4,492 |
| - Own-brand non-motor (home, rescue, pet, HR24) | 5,890 | 5,449 | 8 | 5,560 |
| - Partnerships & broker (motor, home, rescue, pet, HR24) | 5,609 | 6,417 | (13) | 5,898 |
| - Other (International, commercial and central) | 1,210 | 1,123 | 8 | 1,206 |
| Gross written premium (£m) | 2,270 | 2,224 | 2 | 4,384 |
| Performance ratios | ||||
| Return on equity (1) | 13.6% | 18.8% | (520bp) | 18.3% |
| Cost:income ratio | 18.1% | 17.8% | 30bp | 17.4% |
| Adjusted cost:income ratio (2) | 63.7% | 56.9% | 680bp | 55.2% |
| Balance sheet | ||||
| General insurance reserves – total (£m) | 6,601 | 6,658 | (1) | 6,672 |
Note:
(1) Return on equity is based on divisional operating profit after tax, divided by divisional notional equity (based on regulatory capital).
(2) The adjusted cost:income ratio is based on total income and operating expenses above and after netting insurance claims against income.
For RBS Insurance, insurance premium income was stable at £2,140 million, reflecting 4% growth in the Group's own brands offset by a 10% decline in the partnerships and broker segment. This reflects the division's strategy of maximising profitability while focusing on growth in the Group's own-brand businesses. Investment income declined by 36% to £115 million, largely as a result of a year over year reduction in interest rates. The division has a very conservative investment policy for its £8.4 billion of invested funds, with 84% in short duration deposits and fixed income bonds. Net fees and commissions payable were 7% lower, mainly as a result of lower sales of the creditor product. Operating profit in the first half was £217 million, a decline of £83 million or 28% from the first half of 2008, of which £71 million directly related to lower investment returns and impairment losses.
In the UK motor market, the Churchill and Privilege brands continued to be successfully deployed on selected price comparison web sites. Direct Line, Churchill and Privilege motor policy numbers increased by 2%, 22% and 13% respectively over the period. In total, over previous year, own-brand motor policy numbers have increased by 8% to 4.8 million.
In own-brand non-motor insurance RBS Insurance has continued to achieve strong sales through RBS and NatWest, where home insurance policies in force increased by 16%. Direct Line has achieved a 2% increase in the number of policy renewals in the period. In addition, Privilege and Churchill have grown home policies by 223% and 29% respectively, mainly due to successful entry onto price comparison websites. Overall own-brand non-motor policies in force have grown by 8% to 5.9 million.
Direct expenses improved by 4% to £260 million, mainly driven by lower staff costs and reduced marketing spend.
Net claims were 2% higher at £1,551 million due to increases in creditor claims, home claims relating to the very cold weather in the first quarter of 2009, and a rise in personal injury motor claims costs. Impairment losses of £6 million reflect impairments of available for sale securities.
Gross written premium increased by 2% over the period, reflecting the strong growth in own-brand businesses. Own-brand motor gross written premium increased by 10% year on year and own-brand home gross written premium increased by 11%.
The UK combined operating ratio for the first half of 2009, including manufacturing costs, rose to 95.3%, compared with 94.8% a year earlier, reflecting a higher loss ratio partly offset by an improved expense base.
In April 2009 the Group disposed of its 50% stake in Linea Directa to Bankinter, its joint venture partner. In 2008 it also disposed of its 50% stake in Tesco Personal Finance. All financial data have been restated to exclude Linea Directa and Tesco Personal Finance.
| First half 2009 £m |
First half 2008 £m |
Change % |
Full year 2008 £m |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fair value of own debt Other |
(93) 268 |
228 478 |
(141) (44) |
875 149 |
| Central items not allocated | 175 | 706 | (75) | 1,024 |
Funding and operating costs have been allocated to operating divisions, based on direct service usage, requirement for market funding and other appropriate drivers where services span more than one division. Residual unallocated items relate to volatile corporate items that do not naturally reside within a division.
Items not allocated amounted to a net credit of £175 million (first half 2008 - £706 million) and comprised an increase in the carrying value of own debt more than offset by a net credit on a number of other volatile items including foreign exchange translation and the impact of economic hedges which do not qualify for IFRS hedge accounting.
| First half 2009 £m |
First half 2008 £m |
Change % |
Full year 2008 £m |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net interest income from banking activities | 612 | 920 | (33) | 2,177 |
| Net fees and commissions receivable Loss from trading activities Insurance net premium income Other operating income |
256 (4,276) 440 (34) |
495 (5,286) 485 845 |
(48) (19) (9) (104) |
923 (8,529) 986 605 |
| Non-interest income | (3,614) | (3,461) | 4 | (6,015) |
| Total income | (3,002) | (2,541) | 18 | (3,838) |
| Direct expenses - staff - other Indirect expenses |
(259) (450) (279) (988) |
(410) (509) (256) (1,175) |
(37) (12) 9 (16) |
(658) (1,135) (539) (2,332) |
| Operating loss before other operating charges and impairment losses Insurance net claims Impairment losses |
(3,990) (314) (5,344) |
(3,716) (338) (809) |
7 (7) - |
(6,170) (700) (4,920) |
| Operating loss | (9,648) | (4,863) | 98 | (11,790) |
| Change % |
||||
| Performance ratios Net interest margin Cost:income ratio |
0.49% (32.9%) |
0.83% (46.2%) |
(34bp) 1,330bp |
0.90% (60.8%) |
| 30 June 2009 £bn |
30 June 2008 £bn |
Change % |
31 December 2008 £bn |
|
| Capital and balance sheet* | ||||
| Total third party assets (including derivatives) Loans and advances to customers - gross Customer deposits Non-performing loans Loan:deposit ratio Risk-weighted assets |
231.1 166.3 20.8 20.5 819.6% 164.0 |
276.3 164.9 25.1 3.5 654.7% 122.6 |
(16) 1 (17) - - 34 |
324.7 190.2 26.5 11.2 720.2% 160.6 |
| Income by donating division: UK Retail UK Corporate Wealth Global Banking & Markets Global Transaction Services Ulster Bank US Retail & Commercial RBS Insurance |
3 244 209 (4,221) 85 112 170 406 |
147 324 243 (3,957) 60 191 162 543 |
(98) (25) (14) 7 42 (41) 5 (25) |
288 609 454 (6,694) 132 317 342 1,105 |
| Central items | (10) (3,002) |
(254) (2,541) |
(96) 18 |
(391) (3,838) |
* includes disposal groups.
| First half | First half | Full year | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 2008 | Change | 2008 | |
| £m | £m | % | £m | |
| Included in income donated by Global Banking & Markets above | ||||
| are credit and other market write-downs as follows: | ||||
| Monoline exposures | 1,547 | 2,120 | (27) | 3,090 |
| CDPCs | 569 | 80 | - | 615 |
| Super senior CDOs | 537 | 1,892 | (72) | 2,976 |
| Leveraged finance | - | 863 | - | 1,088 |
| CLO's | - | 113 | - | 240 |
| Other credit exotics | 542 | 361 | 50 | 947 |
| Equities | 22 | 36 | (39) | 948 |
| Other | 35 | (61) | - | 268 |
| 3,252 | 5,404 | (40) | 10,172 | |
| CDS Hedging | 996 | (148) | - | (1,690) |
| 4,248 | 5,256 | (19) | 8,482 | |
| Impairment losses by donating division: | ||||
| UK Retail | 34 | 47 | (28) | 105 |
| UK Corporate | 1,092 | 106 | - | 508 |
| Wealth | 156 | 61 | 156 | 167 |
| Global Banking & Markets | 2,987 | 277 | - | 3,105 |
| Global Transaction Services | 17 | 6 | 183 | 11 |
| Ulster Bank | 484 | 78 | - | 420 |
| US Retail & Commercial | 574 | 234 | 145 | 604 |
| 5,344 | 809 | - | 4,920 | |
| Loan impairment charge as % of gross customer loans and | ||||
| advances by donating division | ||||
| UK Retail | 2.34% | 1.67% | 67bp | 3.23% |
| UK Corporate | 8.94% | 0.92% | 802bp | 2.03% |
| Wealth | 12.19% | 5.13% | 706bp | 5.28% |
| Global Banking & Markets | 4.38% | 0.53% | 385bp | 1.90% |
| Global Transaction Services | 2.85% | 0.86% | 199bp | 0.78% |
| Ulster Bank | 5.97% | 1.07% | 490bp | 2.38% |
| US Retail & Commercial | 9.34% | 3.96% | 538bp | 3.88% |
| Total | 5.65% | 1.00% | 465bp | 2.20% |
| 30 June | 30 June | 31 December | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 2008 | Change | 2008 | |
| £bn | £bn | % | £bn | |
| Loans and advances by donating division: | ||||
| UK Retail | 2.9 | 5.6 | (48) | 3.3 |
| UK Corporate | 24.4 | 23.1 | 6 | 25.0 |
| Wealth | 2.6 | 2.4 | 8 | 3.2 |
| Global Banking & Markets | 106.4 | 105.7 | 1 | 123.7 |
| Global Transaction Services | 1.2 | 1.4 | (14) | 1.4 |
| Ulster Bank | 16.2 | 14.6 | 11 | 17.7 |
| US Retail & Commercial | 12.3 | 11.8 | 4 | 15.6 |
| RBS Insurance | 0.2 | 0.2 | - | 0.2 |
| Group centre | 0.1 | 0.1 | - | 0.1 |
| 166.3 | 164.9 | 1 | 190.2 | |
| Risk-weighted assets by donating division: | ||||
| UK Retail | 2.0 | 5.0 | (60) | 2.0 |
| UK Corporate | 18.9 | 19.4 | (3) | 17.8 |
| Wealth | 2.9 | 3.4 | (15) | 3.7 |
| Global Banking & Markets | 118.1 | 72.5 | 63 | 112.6 |
| Global Transaction Services | 1.9 | 2.2 | (14) | 2.8 |
| Ulster Bank | 8.4 | 8.9 | (6) | 6.8 |
| US Retail & Commercial | 11.5 | 10.6 | 8 | 14.1 |
| Group centre | 0.3 | 0.6 | - | 0.8 |
| 164.0 | 122.6 | 34 | 160.6 |
The establishment of the Non-Core Division of RBS was announced on 26 February 2009 as one of the key outcomes of the Group Strategic Review.
The Non-Core Division comprises a number of businesses and assets, including a number of overseas branches and subsidiaries which did not meet the target criteria of the new core bank. These criteria covered franchise strength, return on equity over the economic cycle, organic growth potential, capital and funding efficiency, and connectivity with other businesses of the Group.
The objective of the Division is to run off or dispose of the resulting pool of assets over a three to five year period whilst maximising shareholder value and minimising any negative impact on the core franchises of the bank. The Division will seek to achieve this first and foremost by optimising the timing, cost and method of exit of the Non-Core businesses and assets. The terms of the APS may constrain the Group in certain respects. In addition it will aim to achieve a reduction in the amount of capital and funding required to support the Group and over time to reduce the Group's cost base.
Following further detailed review of the Non-Core asset portfolio during the first half of 2009, a total of £325 billion of third party assets, as at 31 December 2008, were confirmed for transfer to the new Division. This total comprises £251 billion of on-balance sheet funded third party assets and £73 billion of derivative marked-to-market third party assets, compared with the estimates of £240 billion and £145 billion, respectively, announced on 26 February. In addition, the Division had outstanding undrawn commitments of £85 billion. The revised portfolio equates to £161 billion of RWAs, compared with £155 billion announced in February.
GBM's contribution made up 77% of starting third party assets (including derivative marked-to-market exposures) and 70% of RWAs comprising a number of illiquid medium to long-term structured finance lending books, exotic credits, illiquid asset-backed securities and proprietary trading assets. The balance of the Division's asset pool was contributed by other divisions in the Group and comprises a range of businesses and corporate, commercial and consumer loan books.
In order to provide a coherent management framework for the run-off and disposal of the Division's assets, a new management team has been established to exclusively focus on this task, utilising the Group's infrastructure. The opening asset pool has been divided into three groupings, each of which is managed on a global basis by one or more executives:
Approximately 44% of the assets (50% of RWAs) in the Non-Core Division are expected to be covered by the UK Asset Protection Scheme (APS). The precise extent of the asset coverage and the terms of APS are still under negotiation with HMT. RBS also intends to clarify the eligibility of certain Ulster Bank assets for the Irish Government's National Asset Management Agency scheme. Given the overlap and interdependencies between the APS and the Non-Core Division, the management of the two programmes is integrated within the Non-Core Division.
Between December 2008 and June 2009, total third party assets were reduced by £94 billion to £231 billion, including a £51 billion reduction in funded third party assets (excluding derivatives). The reduction in funded third party assets was assisted by foreign exchange movements, which resulted in a £14 billion decline. In addition, net balance run-off totalled £20 billion, and £9 billion of disposals were recorded, including the sale of Linea Directa in Spain (£0.5 billion) and Bank of China (£3.9 billion). Mark-to-market derivative assets decreased by £43 billion, largely as a result of the significant rally in credit markets which led to spreads tightening.
The Division has large hedging exposures on a number of portfolios, so a similar movement in markto-market derivative liabilities was recorded.
RWAs remained flat at £164 billion, compared with £161 billion in December 2008. The movements in RWAs were broadly consistent with the movements in nominal assets in Citizens, UK Retail, Wealth and Global Transaction Services. In the case of UK Corporate Banking and Ulster, nominal assets decreased but RWAs increased, primarily as a result of procyclicality.
Non-Core's GBM funded third party assets fell by a total of £36.3 billion, while its' RWAs increased by a net £5.6 billion. Reductions in RWAs as a result of foreign exchange rates (£8.7 billion), reductions in market risk (other than in relation to CDPC exposures) (£9.2 billion) the movement of certain counterparties to default status (causing their removal from the calculation) (£6.1 billion) and other reductions of £13.0 billion, were more than offset by increases in RWAs of £26.3 billion in respect of market and counterparty risk associated with CDPC exposures and of £16.3 billion, from the impact of procyclicality on probability of default and loss given default factors.
The Non-Core Division recorded an operating loss of £9,648 million in the first half of 2009. Net interest income was £612 million, down 33%, but non-interest income totalled a negative £3,614 million, including £4,248 million of credit market and other write-downs, compared with £5,256 million in the first half of 2008. These write-downs included £1,547 million of monoline losses, which were largely incurred in the first quarter and reflected the further widening in monoline credit spreads in February. The Division uses a portfolio of CDSs to manage the capital consumption, concentration and credit risk of its loans. The CDSs are carried at fair value while the loans are recorded at cost less provisions for impairment. The tightening of spreads in the first half of 2009 reduced income by £996 million compared with a positive income impact of £148 million in the first half of 2008 and £1,690 million for full year 2008.
The operating loss was largely due to the increase in impairment charges, compared with the first half of 2008, on assets contributed by GBM (£2,709 million), UK Corporate (£986 million), US Retail & Commercial (£340 million) and Ulster (£406 million).
Targets have been set for a reduction of third party assets, excluding derivatives, to approximately £20 billion by 2013. This includes asset run-off of approximately £200 billion as well as £50 billion to £60 billion of asset sales, offset by rollovers and additional drawings. Achieving this run-off profile will depend on sufficient recovery in market conditions to allow assets to be disposed of at acceptable valuations, and on the securitisation or sale of some APS assets in the outer years of the five year plan, for which HM Treasury's permission may be required.
In the first half of 2009, a number of financial institutions and larger investment grade corporates with strong underlying businesses were able to take advantage of more favourable conditions in the bond and equity markets to refinance borrowing and generally deleverage their balance sheets in advance of their legal maturity. However, smaller corporates without access to the public markets and with less robust underlying businesses, which are more typical of the Non-Core asset portfolio, have continued to rely on their banks for finance. Given the economic environment, it is expected that a number of these businesses will require their banking facilities to be rolled over or refinanced or to make greater use of any undrawn committed facilities they may have in the remainder of this year. This trend is expected to continue into 2010.
In later years, financial markets and market liquidity may improve to a sufficient extent to allow access to alternative sources of finance, including securitisation, reducing the need to roll over banking facilities and allowing a reduction in commitments.
Manufacturing directly attributable costs have been allocated to the operating divisions, based on their service usage. Where services span more than one division an appropriate measure is used to allocate the costs on a basis which management considers reasonable. Manufacturing costs are fully allocated and there are no residual unallocated costs.
Group centre directly attributable costs have been allocated to the operating divisions, based on their service usage. Where services span more than one division, the costs are allocated on a basis management considers reasonable. The residual unallocated costs remaining in the Group centre, relate to volatile corporate items that do not naturally reside within a division.
Treasury costs are allocated to operating divisions as follows; term funding costs are allocated or rewarded based on long term funding gap or surplus; liquidity buffer funding costs are allocated based on share of overall liquidity buffer derived from divisional stresses; and capital cost or benefit is allocated based on share of divisional risk-adjusted RWAs.
| First half | First half | Full year | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 2008 | Change | 2008 | ||
| £m | £m | % | £m | ||
| Manufacturing costs: | |||||
| Property | 959 | 815 | 18 | 1,705 | |
| Operations | 734 | 716 | 3 | 1,471 | |
| Technology services and support functions | 930 | 874 | 6 | 1,795 | |
| 2,623 | 2,405 | 9 | 4,971 | ||
| Allocated to divisions: | |||||
| UK Retail | (796) | (791) | 1 | (1,636) | |
| UK Corporate | (219) | (218) | - | (449) | |
| Wealth | (61) | (59) | 3 | (123) | |
| Global Banking & Markets | (277) | (228) | 21 | (472) | |
| Global Transaction Services | (431) | (392) | 10 | (811) | |
| Ulster Bank | (132) | (124) | 6 | (255) | |
| US Retail & Commercial | (360) | (271) | 33 | (560) | |
| RBS Insurance | (113) | (110) | 3 | (227) | |
| Non-Core | (234) | (212) | 10 | (438) | |
| - | - | - | - | ||
| Group centre costs | 472 | 314 | 50 | 799 | |
| Allocated to divisions: | |||||
| UK Retail | (142) | (74) | 92 | (212) | |
| UK Corporate | (36) | (31) | 16 | (69) | |
| Wealth | (26) | (14) | 86 | (39) | |
| Global Banking & Markets | (117) | (73) | 60 | (191) | |
| Global Transaction Services | (33) | (21) | 57 | (53) | |
| Ulster Bank | (20) | (16) | 25 | (37) | |
| US Retail & Commercial | (35) | (27) | 30 | (63) | |
| RBS Insurance | (18) | (14) | 29 | (34) | |
| Non-Core | (45) | (44) | 2 | (101) | |
| - | - | - | - |
| First half 2009 £m |
First half 2008 £m |
Change % |
Full year 2008 £m |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treasury funding | 754 | 707 | 7 | 1,372 |
| Allocated to divisions: | ||||
| UK Retail | (78) | (105) | (26) | (182) |
| UK Corporate | (134) | (96) | 40 | (183) |
| Wealth | 39 | (50) | - | (86) |
| Global Banking & Markets | 164 | (56) | - | (198) |
| Global Transaction Services | 59 | 37 | 59 | 93 |
| Ulster Bank | (3) | (39) | (92) | (76) |
| US Retail & Commercial | (37) | (58) | (36) | (91) |
| RBS Insurance | (18) | (17) | 6 | (25) |
| Non-Core | (746) | (323) | 131 | (624) |
| - | - | - | - |
| First half 2009 | First half 2008 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average | Average | ||||||
| balance | Interest | Rate | Balance | Interest | Rate | ||
| £m | £m | % | £m | £m | % | ||
| Assets | |||||||
| Loans and advances to banks | 49,484 | 508 | 2.05 | 51,505 | 1,126 | 4.37 | |
| Loans and advances to customers | 602,236 | 11,698 | 3.88 | 582,765 | 17,434 | 5.98 | |
| Debt securities | 124,059 | 2,278 | 3.67 | 72,710 | 1,886 | 5.19 | |
| Interest-earning assets – banking business | 775,779 | 14,484 | 3.73 | 706,980 | 20,446 | 5.78 | |
| Trading business | 306,304 | 477,634 | |||||
| Non-interest earning assets | 929,398 | 566,820 | |||||
| Total assets | 2,011,481 | 1,751,434 | |||||
| Liabilities | |||||||
| Deposits by banks | 141,778 | 1,254 | 1.77 | 132,668 | 3,002 | 4.53 | |
| Customer accounts | 365,187 | 2,730 | 1.50 | 393,530 | 7,188 | 3.65 | |
| Debt securities in issue | 222,999 | 3,658 | 3.28 | 201,589 | 4,344 | 4.31 | |
| Subordinated liabilities | 36,234 | 732 | 4.04 | 32,085 | 871 | 5.43 | |
| Internal funding of trading business | (77,925) | (431) | 1.11 | (112,856) | (2,273) | 4.03 | |
| Interest-bearing liabilities – banking business | 688,273 | 7,943 | 2.31 | 647,016 | 13,132 | 4.06 | |
| Trading business | 352,953 | 510,554 | |||||
| Non-interest-bearing liabilities | |||||||
| - demand deposits | 36,664 | 31,477 | |||||
| - other liabilities | 876,440 | 509,000 | |||||
| Shareholders' equity | 57,151 | 53,387 | |||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders' equity | 2,011,481 | 1,751,434 |
Notes:
| First half 2009 % |
First half 2008 % |
|
|---|---|---|
| Average yields, spreads and margins of the banking business | ||
| Gross yield on interest-earning assets of banking business | 3.73 | 5.78 |
| Cost of interest-bearing liabilities of banking business | (2.31) | (4.06) |
| Interest spread of banking business | 1.42 | 1.72 |
| Benefit from interest-free funds | 0.27 | 0.35 |
| Net interest margin of banking business | 1.69 | 2.07 |
| Average interest rates | ||
| The Group's base rate | 0.79 | 5.19 |
| London inter-bank three month offered rates: | ||
| - Sterling | 1.73 | 5.81 |
| - Eurodollar | 1.05 | 3.02 |
| - Euro | 1.66 | 4.67 |
| 30 June | 31 December | |
|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 2008 | |
| £m | £m | |
| Assets | ||
| Cash and balances at central banks | 34,302 | 11,830 |
| Net loans and advances to banks | 48,624 | 70,728 |
| Reverse repurchase agreements and stock borrowing | 35,076 | 58,771 |
| Loans and advances to banks | 83,700 | 129,499 |
| Net loans and advances to customers | 593,277 | 691,976 |
| Reverse repurchase agreements and stock borrowing | 47,485 | 39,289 |
| Loans and advances to customers | 640,762 | 731,265 |
| Debt securities | 229,059 | 253,159 |
| Equity shares | 14,220 | 22,198 |
| Settlement balances | 23,244 | 17,812 |
| Derivatives | 555,890 | 991,495 |
| Intangible assets | 15,117 | 16,415 |
| Property, plant and equipment | 16,292 | 17,181 |
| Deferred taxation | 7,573 | 5,786 |
| Prepayments, accrued income and other assets | 20,620 | 21,573 |
| Assets of disposal groups | 3,666 | 480 |
| Total assets | 1,644,445 | 2,218,693 |
| Liabilities | ||
| Bank deposits | 135,601 | 178,943 |
| Repurchase agreements and stock lending | 44,142 | 83,666 |
| Deposits by banks | 179,743 | 262,609 |
| Customer deposits | 415,267 | 460,318 |
| Repurchase agreements and stock lending | 75,015 | 58,143 |
| Customer accounts | 490,282 | 518,461 |
| Debt securities in issue | 248,710 | 269,458 |
| Settlement balances and short positions | 60,282 | 54,264 |
| Derivatives | 534,632 | 969,409 |
| Accruals, deferred income and other liabilities | 21,543 | 24,140 |
| Retirement benefit liabilities | 1,363 | 1,564 |
| Deferred taxation | 3,344 | 3,177 |
| Insurance liabilities | 7,186 | 7,480 |
| Subordinated liabilities | 32,106 | 43,678 |
| Liabilities of disposal groups | 7,465 | 138 |
| Total liabilities | 1,586,656 | 2,154,378 |
| Equity: | ||
| Minority interests | 2,123 | 5,436 |
| Owners' equity* | 55,666 | 58,879 |
| Total equity | 57,789 | 64,315 |
| Total liabilities and equity | 1,644,445 | 2,218,693 |
| *Owners' equity attributable to: | ||
| Ordinary shareholders | 47,820 | 45,525 |
| Other equity owners | 7,846 | 13,354 |
| 55,666 | 58,879 |
Total assets of £1,644.4 billion at 30 June 2009 were down £574.2 billion, 26%, compared with 31 December 2008.
Cash and balances at central banks were up £22.5 billion to £34.3 billion from seasonal lows.
Loans and advances to banks decreased by £45.8 billion, 35%, to £83.7 billion reflecting lower reverse repurchase agreements and stock borrowing ("reverse repos"), down by £23.7 billion, 40% to £35.1 billion, and reduced bank placings, down by £22.1 billion, 31%, to £48.6 billion largely as a result of reduced cash collateral balances in Global Banking & Markets.
Loans and advances to customers were down £90.5 billion, 12%, at £640.8 billion. Within this, reverse repos increased by 21%, £8.2 billion to £47.5 billion. Excluding reverse repos, customer lending declined by £98.7 billion, 14% to £593.3 billion or £94.4 billion, 13% before impairment provisions. This reflected reductions in Global Banking & Markets of £38.5 billion, Non-Core, £11.6 billion including £3.5 billion transfer to disposal groups in respect of the Asian businesses, UK Corporate & Commercial £3.4 billion, US Retail & Commercial, £2.8 billion, and Ulster Bank, £1.4 billion, together with the effect of exchange rate movements, £36.4 billion, following the strengthening of sterling during the first half of 2009.
Debt securities were down £24.1 billion, 10%, to £229.1 billion and equity shares decreased by £8.0 billion, 36%, to £14.2 billion, principally due to lower holdings in Global Banking & Markets.
Settlement balances rose by £5.4 billion, 30% to £23.2 billion as a result of increased customer activity.
Movements in the value of derivatives, assets and liabilities, primarily reflect reductions in interest rates and the strengthening of sterling during the first half of 2009.
Intangible assets declined by £1.3 billion, 8%, to £15.1 billion mainly due to the £0.3 billion write-down of goodwill in the Non-Core division and the effect of exchange rates.
Deferred tax assets increased £1.8 billion, 31%, to £7.6 billion principally due to carried forward trading losses.
Increases in assets and liabilities of disposal groups largely reflect the inclusion of the Asian businesses at 30 June 2009.
Deposits by banks declined by £82.9 billion, 32% to £179.7 billion. This reflected decreased repurchase agreements and stock lending ("repos"), down £39.5 billion, 47% to £44.1 billion and reduced inter-bank deposits, down £43.4 billion, 24%, to £135.6 billion principally in Global Banking & Markets, in part due to lower callateral deposits.
Customer accounts were down £28.2 billion, 5% to £490.3 billion. Within this, repos increased £16.9 billion, 29% to £75.0 billion. Excluding repos, deposits declined by £45.1 billion, 10%, to £415.3 billion primarily due to exchange rate movements, £20.2 billion, the transfer of £7.3 billion to disposal groups in respect of the Asian businesses and reductions in Global Banking & Markets, £17.6 billion.
Debt securities in issue decreased £20.7 billion, 8%, to £248.7 billion mainly as a result of movements in exchange rates together with reductions in Global Banking & Markets and Non-Core.
Settlement balances and short positions were up £6.0 billion, 11%, to £60.3 billion reflecting increased customer activity.
Accruals, deferred income and other liabilities decreased £2.6 billion, 11%, to £21.5 billion.
Subordinated liabilities were down £11.6 billion, 26%, to £32.1 billion, reflecting the redemption of £5.0 billion undated loan capital, £1.5 billion trust preferred securities and £0.9 billion dated loan capital, together with the effect of exchange rates and other adjustments.
Equity minority interests decreased by £3.3 billion, 61% to £2.1 billion. Equity withdrawals of £3.1 billion, reflecting the disposal of the investment in Bank of China attributable to minority shareholders and the redemption, in part, of certain Trust Preferred Securities, the recycling of related available-for-sale reserves to income, £0.4 billion, and dividends paid of £0.3 billion, were partially offset by attributable profits of £0.6 billion.
Owners' equity declined by £3.2 billion, 5% to £55.7 billion. The placing and open offer in April 2009 raised £5.3 billion to fund the redemption of the £5.0 billion preference shares issued to HM Treasury in December 2008. A £0.7 billion decrease in available-for-sale reserves, net of tax, the payment of other owners dividends of £0.5 billion including £0.3 billion to HM Treasury on the redemption of preference shares, the partial redemption of paid-in equity of £0.3 billion, the attributable loss for the period of £0.5 billion and exchange rate movements of £2.3 billion, were partly offset by an increase in the cash flow hedging reserve of £0.4 billion and the equity owners gain on withdrawal of minority interests, net of tax, of £0.5 billion arising from the redemption of Trust Preferred Securities.
| First half | First half | Full year | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 £m |
2008 £m |
2008 £m |
|
| Called-up share capital | |||
| At beginning of period | 9,898 | 2,530 | 2,530 |
| Ordinary shares issued in respect of rights issue | - | 1,531 | 1,531 |
| Ordinary shares issued in respect of capitalisation issue | - | - | 101 |
| Ordinary shares issued in respect of placing and open offers | 4,227 | - | 5,728 |
| Preference shares issued in respect of placing and open offer | - | - | 5 |
| Other shares issued during the period | - | 3 | 3 |
| Preference shares redeemed during the period | (5) | - | - |
| At end of period | 14,120 | 4,064 | 9,898 |
| Paid-in equity | |||
| At beginning of period | 1,073 | 1,073 | 1,073 |
| Securities redeemed during the period | (308) | - | - |
| Transfer to retained earnings | (200) | - | - |
| At end of period | 565 | 1,073 | 1,073 |
| Share premium account | |||
| At beginning of period | 27,471 | 17,322 | 17,322 |
| Ordinary shares issued in respect of rights issue, net of £246 million expenses |
- | 10,469 | 10,469 |
| Ordinary shares issued in respect of capitalisation issue | - | - | (101) |
| Ordinary shares issued in respect of placing and open offer, | |||
| net of £95 million expenses | 1,047 | - | - |
| Expenses of placing and open offer | - | - | (265) |
| Other shares issued during the year | - | 46 | 46 |
| Preference shares redeemed during the period | (4,995) | - | - |
| At end of period | 23,523 | 27,837 | 27,471 |
| Merger reserve | |||
| At beginning of period | 10,881 | 10,881 | 10,881 |
| Placing and open offer | - | - | 14,273 |
| Transfer to retained earnings | - | - | (14,273) |
| At end of period | 10,881 | 10,881 | 10,881 |
| Available-for-sale reserves | |||
| At beginning of period | (3,561) | 1,032 | 1,032 |
| Unrealised losses in the period | (1,494) | (1,322) | (6,808) |
| Realised losses in the period | 197 | 60 | 842 |
| Taxation | 592 | 343 | 1,373 |
| At end of period | (4,266) | 113 | (3,561) |
| Cash flow hedging reserve | |||
| At beginning of period | (876) | (555) | (555) |
| Amount recognised in equity during the period | 415 | (297) | (603) |
| Amount transferred from equity to earnings in the period | 106 | 174 | 198 |
| Taxation | (138) | 36 | 84 |
| At end of period | (493) | (642) | (876) |
| First half | First half | Full year | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 2008 | 2008 | |
| £m | £m | £m | |
| Foreign exchange reserve | |||
| At beginning of period | 6,385 | (426) | (426) |
| Retranslation of net assets | (2,724) | 1,748 | 11,970 |
| Foreign currency gains/(losses) on hedges of net assets | 442 | (1,177) | (5,801) |
| Taxation | (46) | 111 | 642 |
| At end of period | 4,057 | 256 | 6,385 |
| Capital redemption reserve | |||
| At beginning and end of period | 170 | 170 | 170 |
| Retained earnings | |||
| At beginning of period | 7,542 | 21,072 | 21,072 |
| Loss attributable to ordinary shareholders and other equity owners | (496) | (612) | (23,710) |
| Ordinary dividends paid | - | (2,312) | (2,312) |
| Equity preference dividends paid | (510) | (188) | (536) |
| Paid-in equity dividends paid, net of tax | (36) | (27) | (60) |
| Transfer from paid-in equity | 200 | - | - |
| Equity owners gain on withdrawal of minority interest | |||
| - gross | 629 | - | - |
| - taxation | (176) | - | - |
| Transfer from merger reserve | - | - | 14,273 |
| Actuarial losses recognised in retirement benefit schemes | |||
| - gross | - | - | (1,807) |
| - taxation | - | - | 472 |
| Net cost of shares bought and used to satisfy share-based payments | (13) | (16) | (19) |
| Share-based payments, net of tax | 60 | 51 | 169 |
| At end of period | 7,200 | 17,968 | 7,542 |
| Own shares held | |||
| At beginning of period | (104) | (61) | (61) |
| Shares purchased during the period | - | (39) | (64) |
| Shares issued under employee share schemes | 13 | 17 | 21 |
| At end of period | (91) | (83) | (104) |
| Owners' equity at end of period | 55,666 | 61,637 | 58,879 |
| First half | First half | Full year | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 2008 | 2008 | |
| £m | £m | £m | |
| Minority interests | |||
| At beginning of period | 5,436 | 5,391 | 5,391 |
| Currency translation adjustments and other movements | (165) | 162 | 1,158 |
| Profit/(loss) attributable to minority interests | 554 | 148 | 412 |
| Dividends paid | (310) | (137) | (285) |
| Losses on available-for-sale securities | |||
| - net losses in the period | (336) | (353) | (1,304) |
| - taxation | - | 1 | 1 |
| Equity raised | 9 | 810 | 1,071 |
| Equity withdrawn and disposals | (2,436) | (214) | (1,008) |
| Transfer to retained earnings | (629) | - | - |
| At end of period | 2,123 | 5,808 | 5,436 |
| Total equity at end of period | 57,789 | 67,445 | 64,315 |
| Total comprehensive income recognised in the statement of changes in equity is attributable as follows: |
|||
| Equity shareholders | (3,146) | (936) | (23,148) |
| Minority interests | 53 | (42) | 267 |
| (3,093) | (978) | (22,881) |
The pro forma financial information shows the underlying performance of the Group including the results of the ABN AMRO businesses to be retained by the Group. This information is prepared using the Group's accounting policies as referred to on page 157 and is being provided to give a better understanding of the results of the RBS operations excluding the results attributable to the other Consortium Members.
Group operating profit on a pro forma basis excludes:
| First half 2009 | First half | Full year | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Core Non-Core | Total | 2008 | 2008 | ||
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
| Fees and commissions receivable | 4,031 | 435 | 4,466 | 4,470 | 8,845 |
| Fees and commissions payable | |||||
| - banking | (980) | (111) | (1,091) | (1,090) | (2,010) |
| - insurance related | (187) | (73) | (260) | (202) | (401) |
| Net fees and commissions | 2,864 | 251 | 3,115 | 3,178 | 6,434 |
| Foreign exchange | 1,575 | 84 | 1,659 | 953 | 1,940 |
| Interest rate | 2,906 | (49) | 2,857 | 1,436 | 1,266 |
| Credit | 864 | (4,283) | (3,419) | (6,218) | (12,181) |
| Other | 970 | (23) | 947 | 552 | 268 |
| Income from trading activities | 6,315 | (4,271) | 2,044 | (3,341) | (8,829) |
| Operating lease and other rental income | 332 | 330 | 662 | 845 | 1,469 |
| Changes in the fair value of own debt | (60) | - | (60) | 527 | 977 |
| Changes in the fair value of securities and other financial | |||||
| assets and liabilities | (11) | (46) | (57) | (582) | (1,364) |
| Changes in the fair value of investment properties | (8) | (139) | (147) | (22) | (86) |
| Profit on sale of securities | 151 | (88) | 63 | 16 | 113 |
| Profit on sale of property, plant and equipment | 6 | 19 | 25 | 85 | 177 |
| Profit on sale of subsidiaries and associates | (21) | 10 | (11) | 554 | 501 |
| Life company profits/(losses) | 24 | - | 24 | (44) | (52) |
| Dividend income | 29 | 9 | 38 | 50 | 275 |
| Share of profits less losses of associated entities | 8 | (62) | (54) | 5 | 10 |
| Other income | (96) | (67) | (163) | 18 | (499) |
| Other operating income | 354 | (34) | 320 | 1,452 | 1,521 |
| Non-interest income (excluding insurance premiums) | 9,533 | (4,054) | 5,479 | 1,289 | (874) |
| Insurance net premium income | 2,217 | 440 | 2,657 | 2,861 | 5,709 |
| Total non-interest income | 11,750 | (3,614) | 8,136 | 4,150 | 4,835 |
| First half 2009 | First half | Full year | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Core Non-Core | Total | 2008 | 2008 | ||
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
| Staff costs | 4,401 | 259 | 4,660 | 4,558 | 7,990 |
| Premises and equipment | 1,216 | 15 | 1,231 | 881 | 2,099 |
| Other | 1,728 | 233 | 1,961 | 2,120 | 4,267 |
| Administrative expenses | 7,345 | 507 | 7,852 | 7,559 | 14,356 |
| Depreciation and amortisation | 679 | 202 | 881 | 834 | 1,832 |
| Direct expenses | 8,024 | 709 | 8,733 | 8,393 | 16,188 |
| Indirect expenses | (279) | 279 | - | - | - |
| Operating expenses | 7,745 | 988 | 8,733 | 8,393 | 16,188 |
| General insurance | 1,551 | 314 | 1,865 | 1,863 | 3,733 |
| Bancassurance | 26 | - | 26 | 64 | 184 |
| Insurance net claims | 1,577 | 314 | 1,891 | 1,927 | 3,917 |
The data above exclude amortisation of purchased intangibles, write-down of goodwill and other intangible assets, integration and restructuring costs, gain on redemption of own debt and strategic disposals.
Operating loss is stated after charging loan impairment losses of £6,796 million (first half 2008 - £1,406 million; full year 2008 - £6,478 million). The balance sheet loan impairment provisions increased in the half year ended 30 June 2009 from £9,451 million to £13,773 million, and the movements thereon were:
| First half 2009 | Full year | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Core Non-Core | 2008 | 2008 | |||
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
| At beginning of period | 4,905 | 4,546 | 9,451 | 4,956 | 4,956 |
| Transfers to disposal groups | - | - | - | (147) | - |
| Currency translation and other adjustments | (529) | 24 | (505) | 72 | 1,023 |
| Disposals | - | - | - | (40) | (178) |
| Amounts written-off | (952) | (980) | (1,932) | (1,261) | (2,897) |
| Recoveries of amounts previously written-off | 80 | 60 | 140 | 138 | 261 |
| Charge to the income statement | 2,170 | 4,626 | 6,796 | 1,406 | 6,478 |
| Unwind of discount | (99) | (78) | (177) | (90) | (192) |
| At end of period | 5,575 | 8,198 | 13,773 | 5,034 | 9,451 |
Provisions at 30 June 2009 include £126 million (31 December 2008 - £127 million; 30 June 2008 - £3 million) in respect of loans and advances to banks.
| First half | First half | Full year | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 2008 | 2008 | |
| £m | £m | £m | |
| Gain on sale of investments in: | |||
| Bank of China (1) | 241 | - | - |
| Linea Directa | 212 | - | - |
| Tesco Personal Finance | - | - | 442 |
| 453 | - | 442 |
(1) Includes £359 million attributable to minority interests.
| First half | First half | Full year | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 2008 | 2008 | |
| £m | £m | £m | |
| Write-down of goodwill and other intangible assets | 311 | - | 16,196 |
The write down of goodwill for the half year ended 30 June 2009 principally relates to ABN AMRO and NatWest goodwill allocated to non-core businesses.
The credit for taxation represents differs from the tax credit computed by applying the standard UK corporation tax rate of 28% (2008 – 28.5%) as follows:
| First half | First half | Full year | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 2008 | 2008 | |
| £m | £m | £m | |
| Profit/(loss) before tax | 15 | (726) | (8,296) |
| Expected tax charge/(credit) at 28% (2008 – 28.5%) | 4 | (207) | (2,364) |
| Unrecognised timing differences | 16 | 4 | 274 |
| Other non-deductible items | 73 | 162 | 371 |
| Non-taxable items; | |||
| - Gain on redemption of own debt | (692) | - | - |
| - Other | (176) | (225) | (491) |
| Taxable foreign exchange movements | (23) | 7 | 80 |
| Foreign profits taxed at other rates | 47 | (22) | 271 |
| Losses in year not recognised | 184 | 40 | 942 |
| Other | (23) | - | (11) |
| Adjustments in respect of prior periods | 178 | (62) | (352) |
| Actual tax credit | (412) | (303) | (1,280) |
| First half | Full year | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 2008 | 2008 | |
| £m | £m | £m | |
| Trust preferred securities | 45 | 45 | 65 |
| Investment in Bank of China | 359 | - | 78 |
| Sempra joint venture | 144 | 96 | 164 |
| ABN AMRO | 2 | (14) | 91 |
| Other | 4 | 21 | 14 |
| Profit attributable to minority interests | 554 | 148 | 412 |
| First half | First half | Full year | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 2008 | 2008 | |
| £m | £m | £m | |
| Non-cumulative preference shares of US\$0.01 | 179 | 136 | 293 |
| Non-cumulative preference shares of €0.01 | 57 | 52 | 183 |
| Non-cumulative preference shares of £1 | |||
| - issued to UK Financial Investments Limited (1) | 274 | - | - |
| - other | - | - | 60 |
| Interest on securities classified as equity, net of tax | 36 | 27 | 60 |
| 546 | 215 | 596 |
Note:
(1) Includes £50 million redemption premium on repayment of preference shares.
Earnings per share have been calculated based on the following:
| First half | First half | Full year | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 2008 | 2008 | ||
| £m | £m | £m | ||
| Earnings | ||||
| Loss from continuing operations attributable to ordinary shareholders | (984) | (786) | (24,220) | |
| Loss from discontinued operations attributable to ordinary shareholders | (58) | (41) | (86) | |
| Weighted average number of ordinary shares (millions) | ||||
| In issue during the period | 46,719 | 12,197 | 16,563 | |
| Basic loss per share from continuing operations | (2.1p) | (6.4p) | (146.2p) | |
| Intangibles amortisation | 0.2p | 1.6p | 2.1p | |
| Write-down of goodwill and other intangible assets | 0.7p | - | 97.8p | |
| Integration and restructuring costs | 1.1p | 1.8p | 5.9p | |
| Gain on redemption of own debt | (7.3p) | - | - | |
| Strategic disposals | (1.0p) | - | (2.7p) | |
| Adjusted loss per share from continuing operations | (8.4p) | (3.0p) | (43.1p) | |
| Basic loss per share from discontinued operations | (0.1p) | (0.4p) | (0.5p) |
The table below provides an analysis of the divisional contribution for the first half of 2009 by main income statement captions. The pro forma divisional income statements on pages 31 to 61 reflect certain presentational reallocations as described in the notes below. These do not affect the overall contribution.
| Net | Non | Net | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interest | interest | Total | Operating | Insurance | Impairment | Operating | |
| Income | income | income | expenses | claims | losses | profit/(loss) | |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
| UK Retail (1) | 1,684 | 806 | 2,490 | (1,587) | (26) | (824) | 53 |
| UK Corporate | 1,006 | 569 | 1,575 | (703) | - | (551) | 321 |
| Wealth | 339 | 225 | 564 | (324) | - | (22) | 218 |
| Global Banking & Markets (2) | 1,584 | 6,246 | 7,830 | (2,720) | - | (237) | 4,873 |
| Global Transaction Services | 446 | 782 | 1,228 | (719) | - | (13) | 496 |
| Ulster Bank | 410 | 108 | 518 | (369) | - | (157) | (8) |
| US Retail & Commercial | 942 | 504 | 1,446 | (1,128) | - | (369) | (51) |
| RBS Insurance | 182 | 1,983 | 2,165 | (391) | (1,551) | (6) | 217 |
| Central items | (388) | 365 | (23) | 196 | - | 2 | 175 |
| Core | 6,205 | 11,588 | 17,793 | (7,745) | (1,577) | (2,177) | 6,294 |
| Non-Core (3) | 450 | (3,452) | (3,002) | (988) | (314) | (5,344) | (9,648) |
| Amortisation of purchased | |||||||
| intangible assets | - | - | - | (140) | - | - | (140) |
| Integration and restructuring | |||||||
| costs | - | - | - | (734) | - | - | (734) |
| Gain on redemption of own | |||||||
| debt | - | 3,790 | 3,790 | - | - | - | 3,790 |
| Strategic disposals | - | 453 | 453 | - | - | - | 453 |
| Write-down of goodwill and | |||||||
| other intangible assets | - | - | - | (311) | - | - | (311) |
| 6,655 | 12,379 | 19,034 | (9,918) | (1,891) | (7,521) | (296) | |
| RFS Holdings minority | |||||||
| interest | 1,514 | 1,293 | 2,807 | (1,973) | (243) | (539) | 52 |
| Total statutory | 8,169 | 13,672 | 21,841 | (11,891) | (2,134) | (8,060) | (244) |
(1) reallocation of netting of bancassurance claims of £26 million from non-interest income.
(2) reallocation of £27 million between net interest income and non-interest income in respect of funding costs of rentals assets, and to record interest on financial assets and liabilities designated as at fair value through profit or loss, £51 million.
(3) reallocation of £140 million between net interest income and non-interest income in respect of funding costs of rental assets and to record interest on financial assets and liabilities designated as at fair value through profit or loss, £22 million.
The following tables analyse the Group's financial assets and liabilities in accordance with the categories of financial instruments in IAS 39. Assets and liabilities outside the scope of IAS39 are shown separately.
| Held-for | Designated as at fair value through |
Loans and | Other (amortised |
Finance | Other assets/ |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| trading | profit or loss | Available for-sale |
receivables | cost) | leases | liabilities | Total | |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
| At 30 June 2009 | ||||||||
| Cash and balances at | ||||||||
| central banks | - | - | - | 34,302 | - | - | - | 34,302 |
| Loans & advances to | ||||||||
| banks | 35,849 | - | - | 47,851 | - | - | - | 83,700 |
| Loans and advances to | ||||||||
| customers | 51,987 | 1,963 | - | 573,246 | - | 13,566 | - | 640,762 |
| Debt securities | 107,410 | 4,446 | 105,858 | 11,345 | - | - | - | 229,059 |
| Equity shares | 9,694 | 1,865 | 2,661 | - | - | - | - | 14,220 |
| Settlement balances | - | - | - | 23,244 | - | - | - | 23,244 |
| Derivatives (1) | 555,890 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 555,890 |
| Intangible assets | - | - | - | - | - | - | 15,117 | 15,117 |
| Property, plant and | ||||||||
| equipment | - | - | - | - | - | - | 16,292 | 16,292 |
| Deferred taxation | - | - | - | - | - | - | 7,573 | 7,573 |
| Prepayments, accrued | ||||||||
| income and other assets | - | - | - | 1,461 | - | - | 19,159 | 20,620 |
| Assets of disposal groups | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3,666 | 3,666 |
| Total assets | 760,830 | 8,274 | 108,519 | 691,449 | - | 13,566 | 61,807 | 1,644,445 |
| Deposits by banks | 58,017 | - | - | - | 121,726 | - | - | 179,743 |
| Customer accounts | 64,743 | 4,456 | - | - | 421,083 | - | - | 490,282 |
| Debt securities in issue | 1,051 | 34,198 | - | - | 213,461 | - | - | 248,710 |
| Settlement balances and | ||||||||
| short positions | 37,224 | - | - | - | 23,058 | - | - | 60,282 |
| Derivatives (1) | 534,632 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 534,632 |
| Accruals, deferred income | ||||||||
| and other liabilities | - | - | - | - | 1,618 | 24 | 19,901 | 21,543 |
| Retirement benefit liabilities | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1,363 | 1,363 |
| Deferred taxations | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3,344 | 3,344 |
| Insurance liabilities | - | - | - | - | - | - | 7,186 | 7,186 |
| Subordinated liabilities | - | 1,291 | - | - | 30,815 | - | - | 32,106 |
| Liabilities of disposal | ||||||||
| groups | - | - | - | - | - | - | 7,465 | 7,465 |
| Total liabilities | 695,667 | 39,945 | - | - | 811,761 | 24 | 39,259 | 1,586,656 |
| Equity | ||||||||
| 57,789 |
| Held-for-trading | Designated as at fair value through Available-for Loans and profit or loss sale receivables |
Finance leases |
Other assets/ liabilities |
Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| £m | £m | £m | £m | cost) £m |
£m | £m | £m | |
| At 31 December 2008 | ||||||||
| Cash and balances at | ||||||||
| central banks | - | - | - | 11,830 | - | - | - | 11,830 |
| Loans & advances to | ||||||||
| banks | 56,234 | - | - | 73,265 | - | - | - | 129,499 |
| Loans and advances to | ||||||||
| customers | 51,501 | 2,141 | - | 663,170 | - | 14,453 | - | 731,265 |
| Debt securities | 116,159 | 5,294 | 118,722 | 12,984 | - | - | - | 253,159 |
| Equity shares | 13,314 | 2,075 | 6,809 | - | - | - | - | 22,198 |
| Settlement balances | - | - | - | 17,812 | - | - | - | 17,812 |
| Derivatives (1) | 991,495 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 991,495 |
| Intangible assets | - | - | - | - | - | - | 16,415 | 16,415 |
| Property, plant and | ||||||||
| equipment | - | - | - | - | - | - | 17,181 | 17,181 |
| Deferred taxation | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5,786 | 5,786 |
| Prepayments, accrued | ||||||||
| income and other assets | - | - | - | 1,326 | - | - | 20,247 | 21,573 |
| Assets of disposal groups | - | - | - | - | - | - | 480 | 480 |
| Total assets | 1,228,703 | 9,510 | 125,531 | 780,387 | - | 14,453 | 60,109 | 2,218,693 |
| Deposits by banks | 81,154 | - | - | - | 181,455 | - | - | 262,609 |
| Customer accounts | 55,926 | 4,349 | - | - | 458,186 | - | - | 518,461 |
| Debt securities in issue | 3,992 | 46,022 | - | - | 219,444 | - | - | 269,458 |
| Settlement balances and | ||||||||
| short positions | 42,536 | - | - | - | 11,728 | - | - | 54,264 |
| Derivatives (1) | 969,409 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 969,409 |
| Accruals, deferred income | ||||||||
| and other liabilities | 260 | - | - | - | 1,619 | 22 | 22,239 | 24,140 |
| Retirement benefit liabilities | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1,564 | 1,564 |
| Deferred taxations | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3,177 | 3,177 |
| Insurance liabilities | - | - | - | - | - | - | 7,480 | 7,480 |
| Subordinated liabilities | - | 1,410 | - | - | 42,268 | - | - | 43,678 |
| Liabilities of disposal | ||||||||
| groups | - | - | - | - | - | - | 138 | 138 |
| Total liabilities | 1,153,277 | 51,781 | - | - | 914,700 | 22 | 34,598 | 2,154,378 |
| Equity | 64,315 | |||||||
| 2,218,693 |
Note:
(1) Held-for-trading derivatives include hedging derivatives
Refer to Note 11 of the Annual Report and Accounts 2008.
The table below shows financial instruments carried at fair value by valuation method.
| 30 June 2009 | 31 December 2008 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level 1 (1) Level 2 (2) Level 3 (3) | Total | (1) Level 2 (2) Level 3 (3) | Total | |||||
| £bn | £bn | £bn | £bn | £bn | £bn | £bn | £bn | |
| Assets | ||||||||
| Fair value through | ||||||||
| profit or loss: | ||||||||
| Loans and advances to banks | - | 35.8 | - | 35.8 | - | 56.2 | - | 56.2 |
| Loans and advances to | ||||||||
| customers | - | 52.8 | 1.1 | 53.9 | - | 50.4 | 3.1 | 53.5 |
| Debt securities | 53.3 | 55.0 | 3.6 | 111.9 | 52.4 | 65.4 | 3.8 | 121.6 |
| Equity shares | 9.3 | 1.8 | 0.5 | 11.6 | 9.1 | 5.5 | 0.8 | 15.4 |
| Derivatives | 0.9 | 546.3 | 8.7 | 555.9 | 3.7 | 977.5 | 10.3 | 991.5 |
| 63.5 | 691.7 | 13.9 | 769.1 | 65.2 | 1,155.0 | 18.0 | 1,238.2 | |
| Available-for-sale: | ||||||||
| Debt securities | 33.9 | 70.3 | 1.6 | 105.8 | 18.3 | 97.3 | 3.1 | 118.7 |
| Equity shares | 0.9 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 2.7 | 4.6 | 1.9 | 0.3 | 6.8 |
| 34.8 | 71.6 | 2.1 | 108.5 | 22.9 | 99.2 | 3.4 | 125.5 | |
| 98.3 | 763.3 | 16.0 | 877.6 | 88.1 | 1,254.2 | 21.4 | 1,363.7 | |
| Liabilities | ||||||||
| Deposits by banks and | ||||||||
| customers | - | 127.0 | 0.3 | 127.3 | - | 141.1 | 0.3 | 141.4 |
| Debt securities in issue | - | 32.1 | 3.1 | 35.2 | - | 45.6 | 4.4 | 50.0 |
| Short positions | 29.9 | 6.9 | 0.4 | 37.2 | 35.4 | 7.1 | - | 42.5 |
| Derivatives | 1.6 | 528.8 | 4.2 | 534.6 | 3.5 | 962.0 | 4.0 | 969.5 |
| Other financial liabilities (4) | - | 1.3 | - | 1.3 | - | 1.3 | 0.3 | 1.6 |
| 31.5 | 696.1 | 8.0 | 735.6 | 38.9 | 1,157.1 | 9.0 | 1,205.0 |
Notes:
(1) Valued using unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical financial instruments. This category includes listed equity shares, certain exchange-traded derivatives, G10 government securities and certain US agency securities.
(2) Valued using techniques based significantly on observable market data. Instruments in this category are valued using:
Instruments that trade in markets that are not considered to be active, but for which valuations are based on quoted market prices, broker dealer quotations, or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency and instruments valued using techniques include: most government agency securities, investment-grade corporate bonds, certain mortgage products, certain bank and bridge loans, repos and reverse repos, less liquid listed equities, state and municipal obligations, most physical commodities, investment contracts issued by the Group's life assurance businesses and certain money market securities and loan commitments and most OTC derivatives.
Notes (continued):
(3) Valued using a technique where at least one input (which could have a significant effect on the instrument's valuation) is not based on observable market data. Where inputs can be observed from market data without undue cost and effort, the observed input is used. Otherwise, the Group determines a reasonable level for the input.
Financial instruments included within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy primarily include cash instruments which trade infrequently, certain syndicated and commercial mortgage loans, unlisted equity shares, certain residual interests in securitisations, super senior tranches of high grade and mezzanine collateralised debt obligations (CDOs), other mortgage-based products and less liquid debt securities, certain structured debt securities in issue, and OTC derivatives where valuation depends upon unobservable inputs such as certain credit and exotic derivatives. No gain or loss is recognised on the initial recognition of a financial instrument valued using a technique incorporating significant unobservable data.
(4) Comprise subordinated liabilities and write downs relating to undrawn syndicated loan facilities.
Level 3 portfolios have reduced since 31 December 2008 (by £5.4 billion) due to disposals, write downs, reclassification between levels 2 and 3 and reclassification of a number of assets from held-for-trading ('HFT') to loans and receivables ('LAR'). Level 3 liabilities have reduced by £1.0 billion.
Level 3 loans and advances to customers decreased by £2.0 billion primarily reflecting the reclassification of certain HFT loans (leveraged finance and other corporate loans) to LAR.
Debt securities categorised as level 3 at 30 June 2009 included £3.7 billion asset-backed securities and £1.5 billion of corporate and other debt securities. The decrease during the first half reflects liquidations, markdowns and the unwinding of part of the fund derivative portfolio in the US.
Equity shares categorised as level 3 decreased by £0.3 billion primarily reflecting the movement of strategic investments from level 3 to level 2 and reduction in value of certain private equity investments, partly offset by other small increases.
Level 3 derivative assets at 30 June 2009 included credit derivative trades with credit derivative product companies ('CDPCs') with a fair value of £1.5 billion after credit valuation adjustments of £0.8 billion. At 31 December 2008 these credit derivative trades with CDPCs had a fair value of £3.5 billion after a credit valuation adjustment of £1.3 billion. Other level 3 derivative assets included illiquid credit default swaps ('CDSs'), other credit derivatives and illiquid interest rate derivatives.
Debt securities in issue, categorised as level 3 were structured medium term notes, with the decrease in the period primarily reflects the movement of £1 billion of guaranteed investment certificates from level 3 at the end of 2008 to level 2 at the end of June due to increased price availability in the market.
| Reasonably possible alternative assumptions |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carrying | Increase | Decrease | |||
| Valuation | value | in fair value | in fair value | ||
| basis/technique | Main assumptions | £bn | £m | £m | |
| Assets | |||||
| Loans and advances | Proprietary model | Credit spreads, indices | 1.1 | 33 | 33 |
| Debt securities: | |||||
| - RMBS (1) | Industry standard | Prepayment rates, probability of | |||
| model | default, loss severity and yield | 0.4 | 24 | 28 | |
| - CMBS (2) | Industry standard | Prepayment rates, probability of | |||
| model | default, loss severity and yield | 0.4 | 16 | 16 | |
| - CDOs (3) | Proprietary model | Implied collateral valuation, | |||
| defaults rates, housing prices, | |||||
| correlation | 1.5 | 311 | 288 | ||
| - CLOs (4) | Industry standard | Credit spreads, recovery rates, | |||
| simulation model | correlation | 0.7 | 27 | 27 | |
| - other | Proprietary model | Credit spreads | 2.2 | 54 | 55 |
| Equity shares | Private equity - | Fund valuations | |||
| valuation statements | 1.0 | 106 | 127 | ||
| Derivatives: | |||||
| - credit | Proprietary CVA | Counterparty credit risk, | |||
| model, industry | correlation, volatility | ||||
| option models, | |||||
| correlation model | 5.1 | 497 | 365 | ||
| - other | Proprietary model | Volatility, correlation, dividends | 3.6 | 170 | 174 |
| 30 June 2009 | 16.0 | 1,238 | 1,113 | ||
| 31 December 2008 | 21.4 | 1,880 | 2,200 | ||
| Liabilities | |||||
| Debt securities in issue | Proprietary model | Correlation, volatility | 3.1 | 65 | 65 |
| Derivatives | |||||
| - credit | Proprietary CVA | Correlation, volatility | |||
| model, industry | |||||
| option models, | |||||
| correlation model | 2.7 | 196 | 196 | ||
| - other | Proprietary model | Volatility, correlation | 1.5 | 54 | 52 |
| Other portfolios | Proprietary model | Credit spreads, correlation | 0.7 | 11 | 11 |
| 30 June 2009 | 8.0 | 326 | 324 | ||
| 31 December 2008 | 9.0 | 490 | 550 |
Notes:
(1) Residential mortgage-backed securities.
(2) Commercial mortgage-backed securities.
For each of the portfolio categories shown in the above table, a description is set out below of the types of products that comprise the portfolio and the valuation techniques that are applied in determining fair value, and inputs to those models and techniques. These techniques are also used where the product is categorised as level 2. Where reasonably possible alternative assumptions of unobservable inputs used in models would change the fair value of the portfolio significantly, the alternative inputs are indicated along with the impact this would have on the fair value. Where there have been significant changes to valuation techniques during the year, an explanation of the reasons for this is also included. Amounts relating to 31 December 2008 are also included where relevant.
Loans in level 3 primarily comprise US commercial mortgages and syndicated loans.
These senior and mezzanine commercial mortgages are loans secured on commercial land and buildings that were originated or acquired for securitisation. Senior commercial mortgages carry a variable interest rate and mezzanine or more junior commercial mortgages may carry a fixed or variable interest rate. Factors affecting the value of these loans may include, but are not limited to, loan type, underlying property type and geographic location, loan interest rate, loan to value ratios, debt service coverage ratios, prepayment rates, cumulative loan loss information, yields, investor demand, market volatility since the last securitisation, and credit enhancement. Where observable market prices for a particular loan are not available, the fair value will typically be determined with reference to observable market transactions in other loans or credit related products including debt securities and credit derivatives. Assumptions are made about the relationship between the loan and the available benchmark data. Using reasonably possible alternative assumptions for credit spreads (taking into account all other applicable factors) would reduce the fair value of these mortgages of £0.3 billion (2008 - £1.1 billion) by up to £8 million (2008 - £18 million) or increase the fair value by up to £8 million (2008 - £25 million).
The Group's syndicated lending activities are conducted by the syndicate business in conjunction with the loan origination business. When a commitment to lend is entered into, the Group estimates the proportion of the loan that it intends to syndicate and the proportion it anticipates to retain on its balance sheet as a loan and receivable. Where the commitment is intended to be syndicated, the commitment to lend is fair valued through the income statement. On drawdown, the portion of the loan expected to be syndicated is classified as a held-for-trading asset, and the expected hold portion is classified as loan or receivables.
The Group values the portion of the loan expected to be syndicated at fair value by using market observable syndication prices in the same or similar assets. Where these prices are not available, a discounted cash flow model is used. The model incorporates observable assumptions such as current interest rates and yield curves, the notional and tender amount of the loan, and counterparty credit quality which is derived from credit default swap spreads quoted in the market. The model also incorporates unobservable assumptions, including expected refinancing periods, and counterparty credit quality derived from the Group's internal risk assessments. Derivatives arising from commitments to lend are measured using the same model, based on proxy notional amounts.
Using reasonably possible alternative assumptions for expected cash flows to value these assets of £0.8 billion would reduce the fair value by up to £25 million (2008 - £32 million) or increase the fair value by up to £25 million (2008 - £45 million). The assumptions to determine these amounts were based on restructuring scenarios and expected margins.
RMBS where the underlying assets are US agency-backed mortgages and there is regular trading are generally classified as level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. RMBS are also classified as level 2 when regular trading is not prevalent in the market, but similar executed trades or third-party data including indices, broker quotes and pricing services can be used to substantiate the fair value. RMBS are classified as level 3 when trading data are unavailable, and in these cases a model using significant unobservable data is utilised for valuation purposes.
In determining whether an instrument is similar to that being valued, the Group considers a range of factors, principally: the lending standards of the brokers and underwriters that originated the mortgages, the lead manager of the security, the issue date of the respective securities, the underlying asset composition (including origination date, loan-to-value ratios, historic loss information and geographic location of the mortgages), the credit rating of the instrument, and any credit protection that the instrument may benefit from, such as insurance wraps or subordinated tranches. Where there are instances of market observable data for several similar RMBS tranches, the Group considers the extent of similar characteristics shared with the instrument being valued, together with the frequency, tenor and nature of the trades that have been observed. This method is most frequently used for US and UK RMBS. The RMBS of Dutch and Spanish originated mortgages guaranteed by those governments are valued using the credit spreads of the respective government debt and certain assumptions made by the Group, or based on observable prices from Bloomberg or consensus pricing services.
Where there is no trading activity in respect of RMBS, models are used for valuation purposes. The Group primarily uses an industry standard model to project the expected future cash flows to be received from the underlying mortgages and to forecast how these cash flows will be distributed to the various holders of the RMBS. This model utilises data provided by the servicer of the underlying mortgage portfolio, layering on assumptions for mortgage prepayments, probability of default, expected losses, and yield. The Group uses data from third-party sources to calibrate its assumptions, including pricing information from third party pricing services, independent research, broker quotes, and other independent sources. An assessment is made of the third-party data source to determine its applicability and reliability. The Group adjusts the model price with a liquidity premium to reflect the price that the instrument could be traded at in the market and may also make adjustments for model deficiencies.
The weighted average of the key significant inputs utilised in valuing US level 3 RMBS positions are shown in the table below.
| Weighted-average inputs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-agency prime RMBS | Alt-A RMBS | |||
| Yield | 12% | 18% | ||
| Probability of default | 3.0% CDR (1) | 40.0% CDR(1) | ||
| Loss severity | 40% | 65% | ||
| Prepayment | 15% CPR(2) | 10% CPR(2) |
Notes:
(1) Constant default rate or probability of default
(2) Constant prepayment rate
The fair value of securities within each class of asset changes on a broadly consistent basis in response to changes in given market factors. However, the extent of the change, and therefore the range of reasonably possible alternative assumptions, may be either more or less pronounced, depending on the particular terms and circumstances of the individual security. The Group believes that the probability of default is the least transparent input into Alt-A and prime RMBS modelled valuations and is most sensitive to variations for valuation purposes. The Group believes that a range of 500 basis points greater than and 300 basis points less than the weighted average constant default rate, and a range of 300 basis points greater than and 200 basis points less than the weighted average constant default rate represents a reasonably possible set of acceptable pricing alternatives for Alt-A and prime RMBS, respectively. These assumptions consider the inherently risky nature of Alt-A over prime securities, as well as declining economic conditions leading to an increased likelihood of default at year-end. While other key inputs may possess characteristics of unobservability in both Alt-A and prime modelled valuations, the effect of utilising reasonably possible alternatives for these inputs would have an immaterial effect on the overall valuation. Using these reasonably possible alternative assumptions the fair value of RMBS of £0.4 billion (2008 - £0.5 billion) would be £28 million (2008 - £90 million) lower or £24 million (2008 - £40 million) higher.
CMBS are valued using an industry standard model and the inputs, where possible, are corroborated using observable market data.
For senior CMBS and subordinated tranches, the Group has determined that the most sensitive input to reasonably possible alternative valuation is probability of default and yield respectively. Using reasonably possible alternative assumptions for these inputs, the fair value of CMBS of £0.4 billion (2008 - £0.6 billion) would be £16 million (2008 - £30 million) lower or £16 million (2008 - £30 million) higher.
CDOs purchased from third parties are valued using independent, third-party quotes or independent lead manager indicative prices. For super senior CDOs which have been originated by the Group no specific third-party information is available. The valuation of these super senior CDOs therefore takes into consideration available market data and appropriate valuation adjustments.
A collateral net asset value methodology is considered which uses dealer buy side marks to determine an upper bound for super senior CDO valuations. An ABS index implied collateral valuation methodology is also used, which provides a market calibrated valuation data point. Both the ABS index implied valuation and the collateral net asset value methodology apply an assumed immediate liquidation approach.
The output from using these alternative assumptions has been compared with inferred pricing from other published data. The Group believes that reasonably possible alternative assumptions could reduce or increase valuations by up to 4%. Using these alternative assumptions would reduce the fair value of level 3 CDOs of £1.5 billion (2008 - £1.7 billion) by up to £288 million (2008 - £440 million) (super senior CDOs: £179 million (2008 - £292 million)) and increase the fair value by up to £311 million (2008 - £410 million) (super senior CDOs: £202 million (2008 - £292 million)).
To determine the fair value of CLOs purchased from third parties, the Group uses third-party broker or lead manager quotes as the primary pricing source. These quotes are benchmarked to consensus pricing sources where they are available.
For CLOs originated and still held by the Group, the fair value is determined using a correlation model based on a Monte Carlo simulation framework. The main model inputs are credit spreads and recovery rates of the underlying assets and their correlation. A credit curve is assigned to each underlying asset based on prices, from third-party dealer quotes, and cash flow profiles, sourced from an industry standard model. Losses are calculated taking into account the attachment and detachment point of the exposure. As the correlation inputs to this model are not observable CLOs are deemed to be level 3. Using reasonably possible alternative assumptions the fair value of CLOs of £0.7 billion (2008 - £1.0 billion) would be £27 million (2008 - £40 million) lower or £27 million higher (2008 - £40 million).
Other level 3 debt securities comprise £0.7 billion (2008 - £1.4 billion) of other asset-backed securities ('ABS') and £1.5 billion (2008 - £1.7 billion) of other debt securities. Where observable market prices for a particular debt security are not available, the fair value is typically determined with reference to observable market transactions in other related products, such as similar debt securities or credit derivatives. Assumptions are made about the relationship between the individual debt security and the available benchmark data. Where significant management judgement has been applied in identifying the most relevant related product, or in determining the relationship between the related product and the instrument itself, the valuation is shown in level 3. Using differing assumptions about this relationship would result in different fair values for these assets. The main assumption made is that of relative creditworthiness. Using reasonably possible alternative credit assumptions, taking into account the underlying currency, tenor, and rating of the debt securities within each portfolio, would reduce the fair value of other debt securities of £2.2 billion (2008 - £3.1 billion) by up to £55 million (2008 - £50 million) or increase the fair value by up to £54 million (2008 - £50 million).
Private equity investments include unit holdings and limited partnership interests primarily in corporate private equity funds, debt funds and fund of hedge funds. Externally managed funds are valued using recent prices where available. Where not available, the fair value of investments in externally managed funds is generally determined using statements or other information provided by the fund managers.
Although such valuations are provided from third parties, the Group recognises that such valuations may rely significantly on the judgements and estimates made by those fund managers, particularly in assessing private equity components. Following the decline in liquidity in world markets, the Group believes that there is sufficient subjectivity in such valuations to report them in level 3.
Reasonably possible alternative valuations have been determined based on the historical trends in valuations received, and by considering the possible impact of market movements towards the end of the reporting period, which may not be fully reflected in valuations received. Using these reasonably possible alternate assumptions would reduce the fair value of externally managed funds of £1.0 billion (2008 - £1.1 billion) by up to £127 million (2008 - £150 million) or increase the fair value by up to £106 million (2008 - £80 million).
Level 3 derivative assets comprise credit derivatives £5.1 billion (2008 - £8 billion), and interest rate, foreign exchange rate and commodity derivative contracts of £3.6 billion (2008 - £2.2 billion). Derivative liabilities comprise credit derivatives of £2.7 billion (2008 - £2.6 billion), and interest rate, foreign exchange rate and commodity derivatives contracts of £1.5 billion (2008 - £1.4 billion).
Derivatives are priced using quoted prices for the same or similar instruments where these are available. However, the majority of derivatives are valued using pricing models. Inputs for these models are usually observed directly in the market, or derived from observed prices. However, it is not always possible to observe or corroborate all model inputs. Where there are no observable inputs in respect of certain or all of the parameters, inputs are based on estimates taking into account a range of available information including historical analysis, historical traded levels, market practice, comparison to other relevant benchmark observable data and consensus pricing data.
The Group's credit derivatives include vanilla and bespoke portfolio tranches, gap risk products and certain other unique trades. The bespoke portfolio tranches are synthetic tranches referenced to a bespoke portfolio of corporate names on which the Group purchases credit protection. Bespoke portfolio tranches are valued using Gaussian Copula, a standard method which uses observable market inputs (credit spreads, index tranche prices and recovery rates) to generate an output price for the tranche via a mapping methodology. In essence this method takes the expected loss of the tranche expressed as a fraction of the expected loss of the whole underlying portfolio and calculates which detachment point on the liquid index, and hence which correlation level, coincides with this expected loss fraction. Where the inputs into this valuation technique are observable in the market, bespoke tranches are considered to be level 2 assets. Where inputs are not observable, bespoke tranches are considered to be level 3 assets. However, all transactions executed with CDPCs are considered level 3 as the counterparty credit risk assessment is a significant component of these valuations.
Gap risk products are leveraged trades, with the counterparty's potential loss capped at the amount of the initial principal invested. Gap risk is the probability that the market will move discontinuously too quickly to exit a portfolio and return the principal to the counterparty without incurring losses, should an unwind event be triggered. This optionality is embedded within these portfolio structures and is very rarely traded outright in the market. Gap risk is not observable in the markets and, as such, these structures are deemed to be level 3 instruments.
Other unique trades are valued using a specialised model for each instrument with the same market data inputs as all other trades where applicable. By their nature, the valuation is also driven by a variety of other model inputs, many of which are unobservable in the market. Where these instruments have embedded optionality it is valued using a variation of the Black-Scholes option pricing formula, and where they have correlation exposure it is valued using a variant of the Gaussian Copula model. The volatility or unique correlation inputs required to value these products are generally unobservable and the instruments are therefore deemed to be level 3 instruments.
Equity derivative products are split into equity exotic derivatives and equity hybrids. Equity exotic derivatives have payouts based on the performance of one or more stocks, equity funds or indices. Most payouts are based on the performance of a single asset and are valued using observable market option data. Unobservable equity derivative trades are typically complex basket options on stocks. Such basket option payouts depend on the performance of more than one equity asset and require inputs based on the correlations between the individual components of the stock market. Valuation is then performed using industry standard valuation models, with unobservable correlation inputs calculated by reference to correlations observed between similar underlying instruments.
Equity hybrids have payouts based on the performance of a basket of underlying instruments where the underlying instruments are all from different asset classes. Correlations between these different underlying instruments are typically unobservable with no market information for closely related assets available. Where no market for the correlation input exists, these inputs are based on historical time series.
For equity exotic derivatives and equity hybrids, reasonable possible alternative valuations are determined on the basis of parameter uncertainty calculations for the unobservable parameters. The range of valuations is inferred from consensus data and market quotes. Where day one reserves exist for a given product, the worst case valuation is mitigated by these reserves. For certain products, day one reserves exceed valuation uncertainty and in these instances the worst case is deemed to be current book value.
Interest rate and commodity options provide a payout (or series of payouts) linked to the performance of one or more underlying rates, including interest rates, foreign exchange rates and commodity prices. Included in commodities derivatives are energy contracts entered into by RBS Sempra Commodities. Most of these contracts are valued using models that incorporate observable data. A small number are more complex, structured derivatives which incorporate in their valuation assumptions regarding power price volatilities and correlation between inputs, which are not market observable. These include certain tolling agreements, where power is purchased in return for a given quantity of fuel, and load deals, where a seller agrees to deliver a fixed proportion of power used by a client's utility customers.
Exotic options do not trade in active markets except in a small number of cases. Consequently, the Group uses models to determine fair value using valuation techniques typical for the industry. These techniques can be divided, firstly, into modelling approaches and, secondly, into methods of assessing appropriate levels for model inputs. The Group uses a variety of proprietary models for valuing exotic trades.
Exotic valuation inputs include correlation between interest rates, foreign exchange rates and commodity prices. Correlations for more liquid rate pairs are valued using independently sourced consensus pricing levels. Where a consensus pricing benchmark is unavailable, these instruments are categorised as level 3.
Reasonably possible alternative assumptions have been determined by stressing unobservable model input parameters by levels determined by a qualitative assessment of historical data.
In determining the effect of reasonably possible alternative assumptions for unobservable inputs, the Group has considered credit derivative trades with CDPCs separately from all other level 3 derivatives due to the significant element of subjectivity in determining the counterparty credit risk.
The fair value of credit derivative trades with CDPCs as at 30 June 2009 was £2.3 billion (2008 - £4.8 billion) before applying a CVA of £0.8 billion (2008 - £1.3 billion). The Group's credit derivative exposures to CDPCs are valued using pricing models with inputs observed directly in the market. An adjustment is made to the model valuation as the creditworthiness of CDPCs differs from that of the credit risk assumptions used in the model. The adjustment reflects the estimated cost of hedging the counterparty risk arising from each trade. In the absence of market observable credit spreads of CDPCs, the cost of hedging the counterparty risk is estimated from an analysis of the underlying trades and the cost of hedging expected default losses in excess of the capital available in each vehicle. A reasonably possible alternative approach would be to estimate the cost of hedging the counterparty risk from market observable credit spreads of entities considered similar to CDPCs (for example monoline insurers with similar business or similarly rated entities). These reasonably possible alternative approaches would reduce the fair value credit derivatives with CDPCs by up to £111 million (2008 - £740 million) or increase the fair value by up to £245 million (2008 - £600 million).
For all other level 3 derivatives, unobservable inputs are principally comprised of correlations and volatilities. Where a derivative valuation relies significantly on an unobservable input, the valuation is shown in level 3. It is usual for such derivative valuations to depend on several observable, and one or few unobservable model inputs. In determining reasonably possible alternative assumptions, the relative effect of unobservable inputs compared to those which may be observed was considered. Using reasonably possible alternative assumptions the fair value of all other level 3 derivative assets (excluding CDPCs) would be reduced by up to £428 million (2008 - £600 million) or increased by up to £422 million (2008 - £560 million), and derivative liabilities of £4.2 billion (2008 - £4.0 billion) would be reduced by up to £248 million (2008 - £300 million) or increased by up to £250 million (2008 - £280 million).
The carrying value of debt securities in issue is represented partly by underlying cash and partly through a derivative component. The classification of the amount in level 3 is driven by the derivative component and not by assumptions.
In addition to the portfolios discussed above, there are other financial instruments which are held at fair value determined from data that are not market observable, or incorporating material adjustments to market observed data. Using reasonably possible alternate assumptions appropriate to the liability in question, such as credit spreads, derivative inputs and equity correlations, would reduce the fair value of other financial instruments held at fair value of £3.5 billion (2008 – £5.0 billion), primarily debt securities in issue of £3.1 billion (2008 - £4.4 billion), by up to £76 million (2008 - £250 million) or increase the fair value by up to £76 million (2008 - £210 million).
When valuing financial liabilities recorded at fair value, the Group takes into account the effect of its own credit standing. The categories of financial liabilities on which own credit spread adjustments are made are issued debt, including issued structured notes, and derivatives. An own credit adjustment is applied to positions where it is believed that counterparties would consider the Group's creditworthiness when pricing trades.
For issued debt and structured notes, this adjustment is based on independent quotes from market participants for the debt issuance spreads above average inter-bank rates (at a range of tenors) which the market would demand when purchasing new senior or sub-debt issuances from the Group. Where necessary, these quotes are interpolated using a curve shape derived from CDS prices.
The fair value of the Group's derivative financial liabilities has also been adjusted to reflect the Group's own credit risk. The adjustment takes into account collateral posted by the Group and the effects of master netting agreements.
The table below shows the own credit spread adjustments on liabilities recorded in the income statement during the first half of the year.
| Debt securities in issue | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Designated at | |||||
| fair value | |||||
| Held-for | through profit | ||||
| trading | and loss | Total | Derivatives | Total | |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
| At 1 January 2009 | 1,346 | 1,027 | 2,373 | 450 | 2,823 |
| Net effect of changes to credit spreads | 242 | (73) | 169 | 54 | 223 |
| Foreign exchange movements | (189) | (31) | (220) | - | (220) |
| New issues and redemptions (net) | (22) | 11 | (11) | - | (11) |
| At 30 June 2009 | 1,377 | 934 | 2,311 | 504 | 2,815 |
The effect of change in credit spreads could be reversed in future periods.
During 2008, as permitted by amended IAS 39, the Group reclassified financial assets from the held-fortrading and available-for-sale categories into the loans and receivables category and from the held-fortrading category into the available-for-sale category.. There were further reclassifications from the held-fortrading category to the loans and receivables category in the first half of 2009. The effect of the reclassifications and the balance sheet values of the assets were as follows.
| Additional losses that would have been recognised in H1 2009 if reclassifications had not occurred |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reclassified in: | ||||||
| Total | H1 2009 | 2008 | ||||
| £m | £m | £m | ||||
| From held-for-trading to: | ||||||
| Available-for-sale | (284) | - | (284) | |||
| Loans and receivables | 526 | 178 | 348 | |||
| Total | 242 | 178 | 64 |
| Assets | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| reclassified in | 30 June 2009 All reclassifications All reclassifications (1) |
31 December 2008 | |||||
| 2009 | |||||||
| Carrying | |||||||
| carrying value | value | Fair value | Carrying value | Fair value | |||
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |||
| From held-for-trading to: | |||||||
| Available-for-sale | - | 8,442 | 8,442 | 12,047 | 12,047 | ||
| Loans and receivables | 1,871 | 16,458 | 12,158 | 20,774 | 16,628 | ||
| 1,871 | 24,900 | 20,600 | 32,821 | 28,675 | |||
| From available-for-sale to: | |||||||
| Loans and receivables | - | 866 | 741 | 1,016 | 956 | ||
| 1,871 | 25,766 | 21,341 | 33,837 | 29,631 |
(1) 31 December 2008 amounts have been restated.
During the period, the balance sheet value of reclassified assets reduced by £8.1 billion. This was primarily due to disposals and repayments of £6.0 billion across a range of asset backed securities and loans, foreign exchange rate movements of £3.2 billion and impairment losses of £1.5 billion offset by reclassifications in the period of £1.9 billion.
For assets reclassified from held-for-trading to available-for-sale, net unrealised losses recorded in equity at 30 June 2009 were £1.9 billion (31 December 2008 - £2.2 billion).
| Other | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UK central | US central | central and | Bank and | Asset | ||||
| and local | and local | local | building | backed | ||||
| government | government | government | society | securities Corporate | Other | Total | ||
| 30 June 2009 | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m |
| Held-for-trading | 7,753 | 9,526 | 43,289 | 5,079 | 32,539 | 8,266 | 958 107,410 | |
| Designated as at | ||||||||
| fair value through | ||||||||
| profit or loss | 1,943 | 3 | 439 | 624 | 354 | 1,074 | 9 | 4,446 |
| Available-for-sale | 5,401 | 9,616 | 26,727 | 7,800 | 48,817 | 7,010 | 487 105,858 | |
| Loans and receivables | - | - | 31 | 97 | 8,746 | 2,416 | 55 | 11,345 |
| 15,097 | 19,145 | 70,486 | 13,600 | 90,456 | 18,766 | 1,509 229,059 | ||
| 31 December 2008 | ||||||||
| Held-for-trading | 5,373 | 9,858 | 37,519 | 4,333 | 39,879 | 17,627 | 1,570 116,159 | |
| Designated as at fair value through |
||||||||
| profit or loss | 2,085 | 510 | 456 | - | 236 | 1,551 | 456 | 5,294 |
| Available-for-sale | 11,330 | 6,145 | 21,735 | 10,549 | 62,067 | 5,689 | 1,207 118,722 | |
| Loans and receivables | - | - | - | 114 | 8,961 | 3,749 | 160 | 12,984 |
| 18,788 | 16,513 | 59,710 | 14,996 | 111,143 | 28,616 | 3,393 253,159 |
| 30 June 2009 | 31 December 2008 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assets | Liabilities | Assets | Liabilities | ||
| £m | £m | £m | £m | ||
| Exchange rate contracts | |||||
| Spot, forwards and futures | 29,060 | 28,178 | 82,963 | 83,433 | |
| Currency swaps | 32,678 | 30,841 | 53,231 | 54,413 | |
| Options purchased | 18,384 | - | 36,688 | - | |
| Options written | - | 17,908 | - | 34,946 | |
| Interest rate contracts | |||||
| Interest rate swaps | 330,175 | 316,416 | 547,566 | 530,843 | |
| Options purchased | 61,058 | - | 99,176 | - | |
| Options written | - | 60,122 | - | 102,210 | |
| Futures and forwards | 3,635 | 2,836 | 7,600 | 6,620 | |
| Credit derivatives | 64,382 | 59,715 | 142,367 | 132,734 | |
| Equity and commodity contracts | 16,518 | 18,616 | 21,904 | 24,210 | |
| 555,890 | 534,632 | 991,495 | 969,409 |
Note: of the total above at 30 June 2009, £30.5 billion assets and £27.9 billion of liabilities relate to non core.
The Group enters into master netting agreements in respect of its derivatives activities. These arrangements, which give the Group a legal right to set-off derivative assets and liabilities with the same counterparty, do not result in a net presentation in the Group's balance sheet for which IFRS requires an intention to settle net or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously as well as a legally enforceable right to set off. They are, however, effective in reducing the Group's credit exposure from derivative assets. The Group has executed master netting agreements with the majority of its derivative counterparties resulting in a significant reduction in its net exposure to derivative assets. Of the £556 billion derivatives assets shown above, £461 billion (31 December 2008 - £834 billion) were under such agreements. Furthermore, the Group holds substantial collateral against this net derivative asset exposure.
| 30 June2009 | 31 December | 30 June | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Core | Non-Core | Total | 2008 | 2008 | |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
| Contingent liabilities | |||||
| Guarantees and assets pledged as collateral security | 37,214 | 859 | 38,073 | 45,931 | 40,445 |
| Other contingent liabilities | 15,161 | 891 | 16,052 | 21,765 | 16,063 |
| 52,375 | 1,750 | 54,125 | 67,696 | 56,508 | |
| Commitments | |||||
| Undrawn formal standby facilities, credit lines and other | |||||
| commitments to lend | 266,013 | 30,571 | 296,584 | 349,416 | 316,090 |
| Other commitments | 4,148 | 34 | 4,182 | 6,876 | 3,361 |
| 270,161 | 30,605 | 300,766 | 356,292 | 319,451 | |
| Total contingent liabilities and commitments | 322,536 | 32,355 | 354,891 | 423,988 | 375,959 |
Additional contingent liabilities arise in the normal course of the Group's business. It is not anticipated that any material loss will arise from these transactions.
We have been engaged by the company to review the pro forma financial information in the half yearly financial report for the six months ended 30 June 2008, the year ended 31 December 2008 and the six months ended 30 June 2009 which comprises the pro forma summary consolidated income statement, the pro forma condensed consolidated balance sheet, the pro forma condensed consolidated statement of changes in equity, the pro forma divisional performance disclosures, the related notes 1 to 14 on pro forma results and parts of Risk and capital management set out on pages 96, 105 to 115 and 118 to 144 (together "the pro forma financial information").
This report is made solely to the company in accordance with the International Standard on Review Engagements 2410 issued by the Auditing Practices Board. Our work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company those matters we are required to state to them in an independent review report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company, for our review work, for this report, or for the conclusions we have formed.
The half-yearly financial report is the responsibility of, and has been approved by, the directors. The directors are responsible for preparing the pro forma financial information in accordance with the basis of preparation described in note 1 on page 72.
Our responsibility is to express to the company a conclusion on the pro forma financial information in the halfyearly financial report based on our review.
We conducted our review in accordance with International Standard on Review Engagements (UK and Ireland) 2410, 'Review of Interim Financial Information Performed by the Independent Auditor of the Entity' issued by the Auditing Practices Board for use in the United Kingdom. A review of interim financial information consists of making inquiries, primarily of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters, and applying analytical and other review procedures. A review is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland) and consequently does not enable us to obtain assurance that we would become aware of all significant matters that might be identified in an audit. Accordingly, we do not express an audit opinion.
Based on our review we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the pro forma financial information for the six months ended 30 June 2009, year ended 31 December 2008 or six months ended 30 June 2008.
Deloitte LLP Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditors Edinburgh, United Kingdom 6 August 2009
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