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MILLERKNOLL, INC. — Proxy Solicitation & Information Statement 2007
Aug 22, 2007
32079_psi_2007-08-22_e227a4e9-c9ba-4e9a-9dfa-acd404541003.zip
Proxy Solicitation & Information Statement
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DEF 14A 1 hmi-def14a_060207.htm Herman Miller, Inc. Proxy Statement
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 SCHEDULE 14A (Rule 14a-101) INFORMATION REQUIRED IN PROXY STATEMENT SCHEDULE 14A INFORMATION Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Filed by the registrant [ X ] Filed by a party other than the registrant [ ] Check the appropriate box: [ ] Preliminary Proxy Statement [ ] Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2)) [ X ] Definitive Proxy Statement [ ] Definitive Additional Materials [ ] Soliciting Material Pursuant to Section 240.14a-11(c) or Section 240.14a-12
HERMAN MILLER, INC. (Name of registrant as specified in its charter)
____________ (Name of person(s) filing Proxy Statement, if other than the Registrant)
Payment of filing fee (Check the appropriate box): [ X ] No fee required [ ] Fee computed on table below per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 0-11
| (1) | Title of each class of securities to which transaction applies: ________ |
|---|---|
| (2) | Aggregate number of securities to which transaction applies:________ |
| (3) | Per unit price or other underlying value of transaction computed pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 0-11 (set forth the |
| amount on which the filing fee is calculated and state how it was determined): | |
| _______ | |
| (4) | Proposed maximum aggregate value of transaction: _________ |
| (5) | Total fee Paid: _____________ |
[ ] Fee paid previously with preliminary materials [ ] Check box if any part of the fee is offset as provided by Exchange Act Rule 0-11(a)(2) and identify the filing for which the offsetting fee was paid previously. Identify the previous filing by registration statement number, or the form or schedule and the date of its filing.
| (1) | Amount previously paid:
_________ |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | Form, schedule, or registration statement no.: _______ |
| (3) | Filing party: ____________ |
| (4) | Date filed: ________________ |
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Notice of 2007 Annual Meeting of Shareholders
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Proxy Statement
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August 22, 2007
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Dear Shareholder
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You are cordially invited to attend the Annual Meeting of Shareholders of Herman Miller, Inc., which will be held on October 2, 2007, commencing at 9 a.m. (EDT). This year our meeting will be held through the Internet only.
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The accompanying Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders and Proxy Statement describe in detail the actions we expect to take at this meeting, as well as the means by which you may vote your shares and attend the meeting through the Internet.
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Whether or not you plan to attend the Internet meeting, please vote electronically via the Internet, and if you request paper materials you can also vote by telephone or by mail. For more details on how to vote your shares please see the Proxy Statement under the caption Solicitation of Proxies and Voting.
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Sincerely, /s/ Brian Walker Brian Walker President and Chief Executive Officer
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Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders
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The annual meeting of the shareholders of Herman Miller, Inc. (the company), will be held on October 2, 2007 by means of remote communication on the Internet at the Companys web site, www.hermanmiller.com at 9:00 a.m. (EDT) for the following purposes:
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| 1. | To
elect three directors, one for a term of one year and two for a term of three
years |
| --- | --- |
| 2. | To
consider and vote upon a proposal to ratify the appointment of Ernst & Young
LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm |
| 3. | To
transact such other business as may properly come before the meeting or any
adjournment thereof |
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Shareholders of record at the close of business on August 3, 2007, will be entitled to vote at the meeting.
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Please note that this years Annual Meeting will be held via the Internet only. The accompanying proxy materials include instructions on how to participate in the meeting and the means by which you may vote your shares of Company stock.
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We encourage you to vote your Proxy, at your earliest convenience, by one of the following means:
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By visiting www.proxyvote.com on the Internet;
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And if you request paper materials By calling (within the U.S. or Canada) toll free at 1-800-690-6903; or By signing and returning your Proxy card.
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You may also vote at the meeting by faxing your Proxy to (616) 654-7221 before the polls are closed during the meeting. Regardless of whether you expect to attend the meeting through the Internet, please vote your shares in the one of the ways listed above.
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By order of the Board of Directors Daniel C. Molhoek, Secretary to the Board August 22, 2007
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2 2007 Proxy Statement
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Table of Contents
| 4 | Solicitation of Proxies and Voting |
|---|---|
| 5 | Election of Directors |
| 5 | Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
| 6 | Voting Securities and Principal Shareholders |
| 6 | Director and Executive Officer Information |
| 9 | Corporate Governance and Board Matters |
| 11 | Board Committees |
| 12 | Report of the Audit Committee |
| 13 | Compensation Discussion and Analysis |
| 21 | Executive Compensation Committee Report |
| 22 | Summary Compensation Table |
| 23 | Grants of Plan-Based Awards |
| 24 | Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End |
| 25 | Option Exercises and Stock Vested |
| 25 | Pension Benefits |
| 26 | Nonqualified Deferred Compensation |
| 26 | Potential Payments upon Termination, Death, Disability, Retirement or Change in Control |
| 30 | Director Compensation |
| 32 | Equity Compensation Plan Information |
| 33 | Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance |
| 33 | Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions |
| 34 | Submission of Shareholder Proposals for the 2008 Annual Meeting |
| 34 | Miscellaneous |
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3 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Herman Miller, Inc.
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855 East Main Avenue PO Box 302 Zeeland, Michigan 49464-0302
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Proxy Statement Dated August 22, 2007
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This Proxy Statement and the accompanying Proxy, which are being made available to shareholders on or about August 22, 2007, are furnished to the shareholders of Herman Miller, Inc., in connection with the solicitation by the Board of Directors of proxies to be used at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders. This meeting will be held on October 2, 2007 at 9:00 a.m. (EDT). Please note that this years Annual Meeting will be held via the Internet rather than in person.
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How to Participate in the Electronic Meeting
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In order to participate in this years Annual Meeting, please log on to www.hermanmiller.com and click on the Investors section and the Annual Meeting Webcast link at least 15 minutes prior to the start of the 9:00 a.m. meeting to provide time to register and download the required audio software if needed. All shareholders will need to register by entering your name and, if you would like to ask a question during the meeting, you will also need to enter the 12-digit control number received with your Notice or Proxy. Questions that would be appropriate to raise in person and that relate to the purpose of the meeting will be accepted during the meeting. To submit questions, please access the Annual Meeting Webcast and select Ask a Question.
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Solicitation of Proxies and Voting
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Each shareholder, as an owner of the company, is entitled to vote on matters scheduled to come before the annual meeting. The use of proxies allows a shareholder to be represented at the annual meeting if he or she is unable to attend the meeting via the Internet.
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You can vote by any of the following methods
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Vote by Internet Before the Annual Meeting Use your computer to access the website listed on the Proxy (or the written Notice mailed to you) and, with the Proxy or Notice in hand, record your vote. The deadline for internet voting is 11:59 p.m., EDT, on October 1, 2007.
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If you request paper materials you may also
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| | Vote
by Telephone Call the toll free telephone number provided with your Proxy and,
with the Proxy in hand, follow the instructions. The deadline for telephone voting is
11:59 p.m. EDT on October 1, 2007. |
| --- | --- |
| | Vote
by Mail Complete, date, and sign your Proxy. Mail it in the prepaid envelope
provided so that it reaches us before October 2, 2007. |
| | Vote
by Facsimile During the Annual Meeting You may vote by facsimile during the
Annual Meeting prior to the announcement that the polls are closed. You may do so by
faxing a marked and signed copy of your Proxy to 1-616-654-7221. |
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If your Proxy is properly executed, the shares represented by the Proxy will be voted at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders and at any adjournment of that meeting. Where shareholders specify a choice, the Proxy will be voted as specified. If no choice is specified, the shares represented by the Proxy will be voted for the election of all nominees named in the Proxy and for the proposal described in this Proxy Statement.
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A Proxy may be revoked prior to its exercise by (i) delivering a written notice of revocation to the Secretary of the company, (ii) executing and delivering a Proxy at a later date, or (iii) attending the meeting via the Internet and voting via fax. However, attendance at the meeting does not automatically serve to revoke a Proxy.
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4 2007 Proxy Statement
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Election of Directors
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The Board of Directors has nominated C. William Pollard, Dorothy A. Terrell, and David O. Ulrich for election as directors; Mr. Pollard to serve until the 2008 annual meeting, and Ms. Terrell and Mr. Ulrich to serve until the 2010 annual meeting. Our Bylaws provide that a person may not be elected as a director for a term that expires later than the annual stockholders meeting after attaining age 70. Accordingly, Mr. Pollard, who is currently 69, is being nominated for a one-year term only. Each of the nominees previously has been elected as a director by our shareholders.
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The latter portion of this Proxy Statement contains more information about the nominees. Unless otherwise directed by a shareholders proxy, each person named as proxy voters in the accompanying proxy will vote for the nominees named above. If any of the nominees become unavailable, which is not anticipated, the Board of Directors, at its discretion, may designate substitute nominees, in which event the enclosed proxy will be voted for such substituted nominees. Proxies cannot be voted for a greater number of people than the number of nominees named.
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A plurality of the votes cast at the meeting is required to elect the nominees as our directors. Accordingly, the three people who receive the largest number of votes cast at the meeting will be elected as directors. Shares not voted at the meeting, whether by abstention, broker non-vote, or otherwise, will not be treated as votes cast at the meeting.
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The Board of Directors recommends a vote FOR the election of each person nominated by the Board.
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Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
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Our Audit Committee has appointed Ernst & Young LLP (Ernst & Young) as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending May 31, 2008. Representatives of Ernst & Young will be present at the annual meeting of shareholders and available to respond to appropriate questions submitted in advance. The Ernst & Young representatives will have the opportunity to make a statement if they so desire.
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Although the submission of this matter for approval by shareholders is not legally required, our Board of Directors believes that such submission follows sound corporate business practice and is in the best interests of our shareholders. If our shareholders do not approve the selection of Ernst & Young, the selection of this firm as our independent registered public accounting firm will be reconsidered by the Audit Committee.
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The Board of Directors recommends a vote FOR the ratification of the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm.
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Disclosure of Fees Paid to Independent Auditors
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Aggregate fees billed to us for the fiscal years ended June 3, 2006, and June 2, 2007 by our independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young, were as follows:
| Fiscal Year Ended | June 3, 2006 | June 2, 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Audit Fees (1) | 1,197,000 | 1,227,000 |
| Audit Related Fees (2) | 30,000 | 24,000 |
| Tax Fees (3) | 17,000 | 15,000 |
| All Other Fees | 0 | 0 |
| Total | $ 1,244,000 | $ 1,266,000 |
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| (1) | Includes
fees billed for the audit of and accounting consultations related to our
consolidated financial statements included in Form 10-K, including the
associated audit of our internal controls, the review of our financial
statements included in our quarterly reports in Form 10-Qs, and services
in connection with statutory and regulatory filings. |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | Includes
fees billed for audits of employees benefits plans and accounting
consultations that are unrelated to the audit or review of financial
statements. |
| (3) | Includes
fees billed for tax compliance, tax advice and, tax planning. |
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Our Audit Committee has adopted a policy for pre-approving all permissible services performed by Ernst & Young and other firms. This policy requires the Committees pre-approval of all services that may be provided by our independent registered public accounting firm and audit services provided by other firms. The policy authorizes the committee to delegate to one or more of its members pre-approval authority with respect to permitted services. All of the services provided by Ernst & Young under the captions Audit Fees, Audit Related Fees, Tax Fees, and All Other Fees were approved by the Audit Committee under this policy.
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5 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Voting Securities and Principal Shareholders
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On August 3, 2007, we had 61,235,442 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, par value $.20 per share. Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each share of common stock registered in their names at the close of business on August 3, 2007, the record date fixed by our Board of Directors. Votes cast at the meeting and submitted by proxy will be tabulated by our transfer agent. As of August 3, 2007, no person was known by management to be the beneficial owner of more than five percent of our common stock, except as follows.
| Name and Address of Beneficial Owner — Ariel Capital Management, Inc. | 6,954,066 | (1) | 11.36 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 200 East Randolph Dr., Ste. 2900 | |||
| Chicago, Illinois 60601 | |||
| Barclays Global Fund Advisors | 6,094,978 | (2) | 9.95 |
| 45 Fremont Street | |||
| San Francisco, CA 94105 | |||
| Columbia Wanger Asset Management, L.P. | 4,131,000 | (3) | 6.75 |
| 227 West Monroe Street | |||
| Suite 3000 | |||
| Chicago, IL 60606 | |||
| Rainier Investment Management, Inc. | 3,475,217 | (4) | 5.68 |
| 601 Union Street, Ste. 2801 | |||
| Seattle, WA 98101 |
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| (1) | This
information is based solely upon information as of December 31, 2006
contained in the 13G/A filed on February 13, 2007 by Ariel Capital
Management with the Securities and Exchange Commission, SEC,
including notice that it has sole voting power as to 5,539,896 shares and
sole dispositive power as to 6,953,236 shares. |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | This
information is based solely upon information as of December 31, 2006
contained in the 13G filed on January 23, 2007 by Barclays Global Fund
Advisors with the SEC, including notice that it has sole voting power as
to 5,207,526 shares and sole dispositive power as to 6,094,978 shares. |
| (3) | This
information is based solely upon information as of June 30, 2007 contained
in the 13F filed on August 7, 2007 by Columbia Wanger Asset Management,
LLP. with the SEC. |
| (4) | This
information is based solely upon information as of March 31, 2007 contained
in the 13F filed on May 11, 2007 by Rainier Investment Management, Inc.,
with the SEC. |
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Director and Executive Officer Information
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Security Ownership of Management
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The following table shows, as of August 3, 2007, the number of shares beneficially owned by each of the Named Executives identified in the executive compensation tables of this Proxy Statement and by all directors and executive officers as a group. Except as described in the notes following the table, the following persons have sole voting and dispositive power as to all of their respective shares.
| Named Executive — Brian C. Walker | 313,043 | .50 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elizabeth A. Nickels | 233,938 | .38 | |
| John Portlock | 92,406 | .15 | |
| Andrew J. Lock | 46,426 | .07 | |
| Gary S. Miller | 287,019 | .46 | |
| All executive officers and directors as a group (21 persons) | 2,129,839 | (3) | 3.42 |
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| (1) | Includes
the following number of shares with respect to which the Named Executives
have the right to acquire beneficial ownership under stock options
exercisable in 60 days: Mr. Walker19,160; Ms. Nickels176,637;
Mr. Portlock66,425; Mr. Lock12,774; and Mr. Miller196,654. |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | Calculated
based on the number of shares outstanding plus the option shares referred
to in footnote (3) below. |
| (3) | Included
in this number are 1,074,005 shares with respect to which executive
officers and directors have the right to acquire beneficial ownership
under options exercisable within 60 days. |
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6 2007 Proxy Statement
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Director and Executive Officer Information (Continued)
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The Board of Directors
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The information in the following table relating to each nominees and directors age, principal occupation or employment for the past five years, and beneficial ownership of shares of common stock as of August 3, 2007, has been furnished to us by the respective nominees and directors. Except as described in the notes following the table, the following nominees and directors have sole voting and dispositive power as to all of the shares set forth in the following table.
| Name and Principal Occupation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominee for Election as Director for Term to Expire in 2008 | |||||
| C. William Pollard | 69 | 1985 | 68,298 | (3) | .11 |
| Since April 2002-- | |||||
| Chairman Emeritus, The ServiceMaster Company | |||||
| January 2005 to December 2006-- | |||||
| Chairman of the Board, UnumProvident Corporation | |||||
| March 2003 to January 2005-- | |||||
| Co-Chairman of the Board, UnumProvident Corporation | |||||
| April 2002 to January 2003-- | |||||
| Chairman of Executive Committee, The ServiceMaster Company | |||||
| Nominees for Election as Directors for Terms to Expire in 2010 | |||||
| Dorothy A. Terrell | 62 | 1997 | 42,469 | .07 | |
| Since April 2003-- | |||||
| Venture Partner, First Light Capital | |||||
| April 2005 to June 2007-- | |||||
| President and Chief Executive Officer, Initiative for a Competitive Inner City | |||||
| February 1998 to August 2002-- | |||||
| President, Platform Service Group, and | |||||
| Senior Vice President, Worldwide Sales, | |||||
| NMS Communications Corporation | |||||
| David O. Ulrich | 53 | 2001 | 67,782 | .11 | |
| Since 1982-- | |||||
| Professor, University of Michigan Business School | |||||
| Directors Whose Terms Expire in 2009 | |||||
| Douglas D. French | 53 | 2002 | 34,707 | .06 | |
| Since June 2007-- | |||||
| Managing Director, Sante Health Ventures | |||||
| May 2004 to May 2007-- | |||||
| Principal, JD Resources, LLC | |||||
| January 2000 to May 2004-- | |||||
| President and Chief Executive Officer, | |||||
| Ascension Health | |||||
| John R. Hoke III | 42 | 2005 | 3,160 | .01 | |
| Since July 2003-- | |||||
| Vice President, Global Footwear Design, NIKE, Inc. | |||||
| January 2002 to July 2003-- | |||||
| Global Creative Director, Footwear Design, NIKE, Inc. | |||||
| James R. Kackley | 65 | 2003 | 30,519 | .05 | |
| Since May 2002-- | |||||
| Private Investor |
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7 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Director and Executive Officer Information The Board of Directors (Continued)
| Name and Principal Occupation — Michael A. Volkema | 51 | 1995 | 218,950 | .35 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Since 2000-- | ||||
| Chairman of the Board, Herman Miller, Inc. | ||||
| July 1995 to July 2004 | ||||
| Chief Executive Officer, Herman Miller, Inc. | ||||
| From May 1995 to March 2003 | ||||
| President, Herman Miller, Inc. | ||||
| Directors Whose Terms Expire in 2008 | ||||
| Mary Vermeer Andringa | 57 | 1999 | 35,209 | .06 |
| Since February 2003-- | ||||
| President and Chief Executive Officer, Vermeer Manufacturing Company | ||||
| From 1989 to February 2003 | ||||
| Chief Operating Officer, Vermeer Manufacturing | ||||
| Since 1989-- | ||||
| President, Vermeer Manufacturing | ||||
| Lord Brian Griffiths of Fforestfach | 65 | 1991 | 83,572 | .13 |
| Since 1991-- | ||||
| International Advisor, Goldman Sachs International Limited | ||||
| and House of Lords, United Kingdom | ||||
| J. Barry Griswell | 58 | 2004 | 10,000 | .02 |
| Since June 2006-- | ||||
| Chairman of the Board, Principal Life | ||||
| Since January 2002-- | ||||
| Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, | ||||
| Principal Financial Group, Inc. | ||||
| Since January 2000-- | ||||
| Chief Executive Officer, Principal Life | ||||
| April 2001 to June 2006 | ||||
| President, Principal Financial Group, Inc. | ||||
| March 1998 to June 2006 | ||||
| President, Principal Life | ||||
| Brian C. Walker | 45 | 2003 | 313,043 | .50 |
| Since July 2004-- | ||||
| President and Chief Executive Officer, Herman Miller, Inc. | ||||
| March 2003 to July 2004 | ||||
| President and Chief Operating Officer, | ||||
| Herman Miller, Inc. | ||||
| From December 1999 to March 2003 | ||||
| President, Herman Miller North America |
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1) Shares shown for each director include the following number of shares which that director has the right to acquire beneficial ownership under stock options exercisable within 60 days: 39,573 shares for Mr. Pollard; 32,775 shares for Ms. Terrell; 67,782 shares for Mr. Ulrich; 31,037 shares for Mr. French; 24,096 shares for Mr. Kackley; 8,602 shares for Ms. Andringa; 31,605 shares for Lord Griffiths; 19,160 shares for Mr. Walker;.
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(2) Percentages are calculated based upon shares outstanding plus shares that the director has the right to acquire under stock options exercisable within 60 days.
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(3) Includes 1,612 shares owned of record and beneficially by Mr. Pollards wife. Mr. Pollard disclaims beneficial ownership of these shares. Additionally, 19,500 shares are owned by a family partnership.
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Ms. Terrell also is a director of General Mills, Inc. Mr. French also is a director of Emageon. Mr. Kackley also is a director of PepsiAmericas, Inc. and Ryerson, Inc. Mr. Volkema also is a director of Applebees International, Inc. and Wolverine Worldwide, Inc. Brian Griffiths, Lord Griffiths of Fforestfach, also is a director of The ServiceMaster Company. Mr. Griswell also is a director of Principal Financial Group, Inc. and Principal Life. Mr. Walker also is a director of Briggs & Stratton Corporation. There are no family relationships between or among our directors, nominees, or any of our executive officers.
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8 2007 Proxy Statement
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Corporate Governance and Board Matters
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Board Governance Guidelines
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For many years, our Board of Directors has been committed to sound and effective corporate governance practices. These practices reflect the Boards long-standing philosophy that a proper structure, appropriate policies and procedures, and reflective cultural factors provide the cornerstone to good governance. The Board documented those practices by adopting our Board Governance Guidelines. These Guidelines address director responsibilities, the composition of the Board, required Board meetings and materials, Board committee composition and responsibilities, and other corporate governance matters. Under our Guidelines, a majority of the members of our Board must qualify as independent under the listing standards of the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD). Our Guidelines also require the Board to have, among other committees, an Audit Committee, Executive Compensation Committee, and a Nominating and Governance Committee, and that each member of those committees qualify as an independent director under the NASD listing standards. Our Board Governance Guidelines, as well as the charters of each of the foregoing committees, are available for review on our website at www.hermanmiller.com/governance.
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Code of Conduct
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Our Board has adopted a Code of Conduct that applies to all of our employees, officers, and directors. This code also serves as the code of ethics for our CEO and senior financial officers. This code is posted on our website at www.hermanmiller.com/code. Any changes to or waivers of the code must be approved by the Board of Directors and will be disclosed. There were no changes or waivers in fiscal year 2007.
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Determination of Independence of Board Members
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As required by our Board Governance Guidelines, our Board has determined that each of our directors, other than Messrs. Volkema and Walker, qualifies as an Independent Director, as such term is defined in the NASD listing standards, and that none of those directors has a material relationship with Herman Miller. The Boards determination was made as a result of its review of completed individual questionnaires addressing the nature and extent of each members relationship with the company and taking into consideration the definition of Independent Director under the NASD rules. Our Board also determined that each member of the Audit Committee, Executive Compensation Committee, and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee meets the independence requirements applicable to those committees as prescribed by the NASD listing standards, and, as to the Audit Committee, the applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
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Meeting Attendance
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Each of our directors is expected to attend all meetings of the Board and applicable committee meetings. They are also encouraged to attend our annual meeting of shareholders. Twelve of our directors attended our 2006 Annual Shareholders Meeting. During fiscal 2007, the Board held four meetings; each director attended at least 75 percent of the aggregate number of meetings of our Board and Board committees which they were expected to attend except for Mr. Hoke who attended 71 percent. Consistent with the requirements of our Guidelines, our Board met in executive sessions, without the presence of management, following the conclusion of each regularly scheduled Board meeting. These meetings were chaired by the Chairman, Mr. Volkema. In addition, following three of the Board Meetings, the independent directors met separately. These meetings were chaired by the boards lead director. Mr. Pollard currently serves as lead director.
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Communications with the Board
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Shareholders and other parties interested in communicating directly with one or more of our directors may do so by writing to us, c/o Corporate Secretary, 855 East Main Avenue, PO Box 302, Zeeland, Michigan 49464-0302. The Corporate Secretary will forward all relevant correspondence to the director or directors to whom the communication is directed.
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9 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidaries
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Corporate Governance and Board Matters Director Nominations (Continued)
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Director Nominations
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Our Bylaws contain certain procedural requirements applicable to shareholder nominations of directors. Shareholders may nominate a person to serve as a director if they provide written notice to us not later than sixty days prior to the date of that years annual meeting and, with respect to any special meeting at which a director is to be elected, not later than 10 days after the date of notice of that meeting. The notice must include (1) the name and address of the shareholder who intends to make the nomination and of the person or persons nominated, (2) a representation that the shareholder is a current record holder and will continue to hold those shares through the date of the meeting and intends to attend the meeting in person or by proxy, (3) a description of all arrangements between the shareholder and each nominee, (4) the information regarding each nominee as would be required to be included in a proxy statement filed under Regulations 14A of the Exchange Act had the nominee been nominated by the Board of Directors, and (5) the consent of each nominee to serve as director.
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Our Nominating and Governance Committee is responsible for reviewing the qualifications and independence of the members of the Board. However, it has not established specific, minimum qualifications for director nominees. This committee does assess the experience and background of prospective candidates, including his or her independence. The committees charter authorizes the committee to consider all factors it considers appropriate, including the candidates experience and knowledge of our history and culture, as well as his or her experience and background in manufacturing, design, marketing, technology, finance, management structure and philosophy, including his or her experience as a senior executive officer of a public company. In light of these general requirements, our governance committee reviews the suitability of each person nominated to our Board. In the past, through the board evaluation process, the committee has determined whether there were any skills or experience that needed to be added to the Board and used that information to help establish criteria for Board member searches and candidate evaluation. Other than the procedural requirements described above, the Board has not adopted a policy with regard to the consideration of director candidates nominated by shareholders. All candidates, by whomever nominated, are evaluated in the same manner and under the same standards.
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The Nominating and Governance Committee has not received any recommended nominations from any of our shareholders in connection with our 2007 annual meeting. The nominees who are standing for election as directors at the 2007 annual meeting are incumbent directors recommended by the committee and nominated by the Board. Our Nominating and Governance Committee is currently utilizing the services of a third party search firm to assist in the identification and evaluation of board member candidates.
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10 2007 Proxy Statement
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Board Committees
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Our Board has four standing committees. Committee responsibilities are detailed in written charters. These charters are available on our Internet website at www.hermanmiller.com/charters . The committees are as follows:
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Executive Compensation Committee
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We have an Executive Compensation Committee comprised of David O. Ulrich (chair), J. Barry Griswell, and John R. Hoke III. The Executive Compensation Committee recommends to the Board the annual executive incentive plan and the annual remuneration of our Chief Executive Officer and President, approves the annual remuneration and executive incentive plan for the other executive officers, grants employee stock options and other equity awards, and acts as the administrative committee for our employee stock option and long-term incentive plans. The committee met five times during the last fiscal year. A description of the Committees processes and procedures for the consideration and determination of executive and director compensation is set forth under the caption Compensation Disclosure and Analysis The Executive Compensation Committee below in this Proxy Statement.
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Executive Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
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No member of the Executive Compensation Committee is or has been an officer or employee of the company or had any relationship that is required to be disclosed as a transaction with a related party. In addition, no current executive officer of the Company has ever served as a member of the Board of Directors or Compensation Committee of any other entity that has or has had one or more executive officers serving as a member of our Board of Directors or Compensation Committee.
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Nominating and Governance Committee
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We have a Nominating and Governance Committee comprised of C. William Pollard (chair), Lord Brian Griffiths of Fforestfach, and Dorothy A. Terrell. The Nominating and Governance Committee develops and recommends to the Board governance standards and policies and board compensation including that of the chairman of the board. In addition, the committee identifies and recommends to the Board candidates for election to fill vacancies on the Board. The committee met four times during the last fiscal year.
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Executive Committee
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We have an Executive Committee comprised of Michael A. Volkema (chair), James R. Kackley, C. William Pollard, and David O. Ulrich. The Executive Committee acts from time to time on behalf of the Board in managing our business and affairs (except as limited by law or our Bylaws) and is delegated certain assignments and functions by the Board of Directors. The committee met four times during the last fiscal year.
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Audit Committee
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We have an Audit Committee comprised and James R. Kackley (chair), Mary V. Andringa, and Douglas D. French. Mr. Kackley is qualified as and serves as the Audit Committee financial expert within the meaning of the applicable SEC regulations. This Committee, composed entirely of independent directors under the applicable listing standards of the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), as well as the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, is responsible for overseeing managements reporting practices and internal controls on behalf of the Board of Directors. The Committee is also responsible for appointing, approving the compensation of, and overseeing our independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee met eight times during the past fiscal year. The March 2007 meeting included an annual review of the Committees written charter.
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11 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Report of the Audit Committee
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The Audit Committees purpose is to oversee the accounting and financial reporting processes of the company, the audits of the companys financial statements and managements assessment of the companys internal controls, the qualifications of the public accounting firm engaged as the companys independent registered public accounting firm, and the performance of the companys internal auditors and independent registered public accounting firm. The Committees function is more fully described in its charter, which the Board has adopted. The Committee reviews the charter on an annual basis. The Board annually reviews the NASDAQ listing standards definition of independence for audit committee members and has determined that each member of the Committee meets that standard.
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Management is responsible for the preparation, presentation, and integrity of the companys financial statements, accounting and financial reporting principles, internal controls, and procedures designed to ensure compliance with accounting standards, applicable laws, and regulations. The companys independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young, LLP, is responsible for performing an independent audit of the consolidated financial statements and expressing an opinion on the conformity of those financial statements with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Ernst & Young, LLP is also responsible for providing an opinion on the effectiveness of the companys internal control over financial reporting as well as managements assessment thereof.
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We have reviewedand discussed with management and Ernst & Young, LLPthe companys audited financial statements for the year ended June 2, 2007, managements assessment of the effectiveness of the companys internal controls over financial reporting, and Ernst & Young, LLPs evaluation of the companys internal controls over financial reporting.
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We have discussed with Ernst &Young, LLP the matters required to be discussed by Statement on Accounting Standards No. 61, Communication with Audit Committees, as amended, by the Auditing Standards Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.
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We have received and reviewed the written disclosures and the letter from Ernst & Young, LLP required by Independence Standard No. 1, Independence Discussions with Audit Committees, as amended, by the Independence Standards Board, and have discussed with Ernst & Young, LLP their independence including a consideration of the compatibility of non-audit services with their independence.
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Based on the reviews and discussions referred to above, we recommended to the Board of Directors that the financial statements referred to above be included in the companys Form 10-K Report for the year ended June 2, 2007, and we selected Ernst & Young LLP as the independent auditor for fiscal year 2008. The Board is recommending that shareholders ratify that selection at the annual meeting.
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James R. Kackley (chair) Douglas D. French Mary VerMeer Andringa
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12 2007 Proxy Statement
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Compensation Discussion and Analysis
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Overview of Compensation Program
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The Executive Compensation Committee of the Board (the Committee) is responsible for establishing the executive compensation programs at Herman Miller, Inc. (the Company, us or similar pronouns). The Committee insures that the compensation paid to the Companys corporate officers is fair, reasonable, competitive and consistent with our compensation philosophy.
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The Company is required to provide information regarding our compensation policies and decisions for our CEO, CFO and the three other most highly compensated executive officers. We refer to our CEO, CFO and the other three most highly compensated executive officers collectively as our Named Executive Officers or NEOs. This Compensation Discussion and Analysis is intended to provide information regarding, among other things, the overall objectives of our compensation program and each element of compensation provided to the NEOs.
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The Executive Compensation Committee
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The Committee is comprised of three directors, each qualifying as an independent director under NASDAQs listing requirements. The Board has determined that each member of the Committee meets the definition of independence under Herman Millers corporate governance guidelines and further each member qualifies as a non-employee Director for purposes of Rule 16b-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
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The Committees primary functions are to oversee the compensation philosophy and strategy of the Company, to determine or recommend the compensation of company officers, including the NEOs, and to act as the Administrative Committee for the Companys key executive compensation plans. During fiscal year 2007 (ended June 2, 2007), the Committee met five times.
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The Committee is responsible for recommendations to the full Board with respect to the annual compensation of the Companys President and Chief Executive Officer. These recommendations cover all aspects of the President and Chief Executive Officers compensation including base salary, incentive pay, and equity-based compensation. The Committee, based upon recommendations from our CEO, approves the annual compensation for all other corporate officers covered by Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 including the NEOs (Corporate Officers). Our President and Chief Executive Officer establishes the base salary of all other company executives. The Committee establishes the performance objectives for the EVA Incentive Cash Bonus Plan and the equity-based compensation plans, which cover the President and Chief Executive Officer, Corporate Officers, and executive employees of the company.
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The Committee does not set compensation for the Board of Directors. The Nominating and Governance Committee is responsible for reviewing, and recommending to the Board of Directors, the amount and form of payment of director compensation.
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Compensation Philosophy and Objectives
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Our compensation philosophy, as formulated by Management and endorsed by the Committee and by our Board of Directors, is to allow for an appropriate level of risk and a corresponding compensation reward within a range that bears a relationship to the competitive market, to the responsibilities of the employee and to the performance of the employee and Company. Consistent with this philosophy, the key objectives of our executive compensation program are to:
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Link a material portion of executives total annual compensation directly to the Companys performance
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Reinforce our values, build corporate community, and focus employees on common goals
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Align the interests of executives with the long-term interests of shareholders
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Attract, motivate, and retain executives of outstanding ability.
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The compensation program, through its use of base salary, annual incentive pay and long-term incentives is intended to reward performance that generates both consistent and long-term enhancement of shareholder value.
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13 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Compensation Discussion and Analysis (Continued)
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External Consultants
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During fiscal year 2007, the Committee retained Towers Perrin to provide consulting services to it concerning certain aspects of executive compensation. The services included reviewing the elements of compensation of the Chairman, the President and Chief Executive Officer, and the Corporate Officers and comparing those elements to the Companys compensation philosophy and objectives and to the market practices for such compensation. Towers Perrin concluded that the compensation program established for those officers is consistent with the Companys compensation philosophy and objectives including with respect to market practices. The Company from time to time retains separate independent external consultants for other specialized work as may be required, such as recommending Board of Directors compensation, conducting a review of retirement or other benefit programs, and establishing change in control provisions. The Company in 2007 did not use the services of such separate independent consultants. With the approval of the Committee, Towers Perrin in 2007 did provide consulting services to the Company other than those provided to the Committee. For 2007 Towers Perrin charged the Company approximately $106,000 for services provided to the Committee and an additional approximate $48,000 for other compensation related consulting services provided to the Company.
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Benchmarking of Compensation
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To ensure that executive compensation is competitive in the marketplace, the Committee benchmarks our compensation programs relative to general industry pay practices. The Committee chooses to benchmark compensation levels against industrial companies in general as it minimizes the potential volatility of market pay data due to changes in database/survey participation or mergers/acquisitions; lessens the impact that a single entity can have on the overall data; provides a more consistent result; and better reflects the market in which the Company competes for executive talent.
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Towers Perrin annually presents the Committee with benchmarking data, market practices and trends to provide appropriate context for the Committees deliberations. The CEO makes recommendations to the Committee regarding the compensation package for each of the Corporate Officers (other than himself). The CEOs recommendations are based on the Towers Perrin information, his evaluation of the individuals performance and other factors. Based on the Committees review of the information from Towers Perrin, the recommendations of the CEO and their own judgment of the relative performance of both the Company and its executives and of the market practices, the Committee determines the appropriate compensation for Corporate Officers (other than the CEO) and makes a recommendation to the full board for the CEO compensation. The Board of Directors determines the compensation of the CEO.
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Towers Perrin in 2007 used the following survey sources when analyzing the market competitiveness pay levels of Corporate Officers; Towers Perrin Executive Compensation Database, Watson Wyatt Top Management Compensation Report, and the Mercer Executive Database (collectively these are referred to as Published Survey Data). Towers Perrin uses a regression analysis and aging to make allowances for time differences in the data and to align the data so that it can be compared both with companies with $2 billion in revenue and with companies having revenues equivalent to the operations managed by individual NEOs. In addition, in setting the 2007 compensation of Corporate Officers, including the NEOs, the Committee used a specifically selected comparator group of companies to confirm the Published Survey Data supplied by Towers Perrin. The companies in this comparator group were: Whirlpool, Kellogg, Stryker, Steelcase, Universal Forest Products, HNI, Furniture Brands International, La-Z-Boy, Spartan Stores, Hillenbrand Industries, Kimball International, Wolverine World Wide, Perrigo, Ethan Allen Interiors, Tempur Pedic International, Knoll and Select Comfort.
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Each NEO position has its base salary, target total cash and target total direct compensation compared relative to the 25th, 50th (market median) and 75th percentile of the survey data of a comparable benchmark position. Each of the compensation elements is explained in more detail below. Positions are benchmarked based upon comparability of responsibilities and the annual revenues of the operations managed. The Committee uses the Published Survey Data for benchmarking purposes because it believes the competitive market for executive talent in which the Company operates is the general corporate talent market, not just the office furniture or West Michigan talent markets.
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The Committee annually reviews executive pay tally sheets prepared by Towers Perrin for Corporate Officers. The tally sheets reflect the total compensation to the NEOs from all sources of compensation, including payments under severance or change in control scenarios. The Committee uses the tally sheets to help it determine that the Companys compensation program is consistent with market norms and with our compensation philosophy and corporate values.
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The Committee has determined that total compensation for each NEO in fiscal 2007 was appropriate and reasonable. The Committee has also determined that the Companys compensation program operates in a manner that is consistent with the Companys overall compensation philosophy.
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14 2007 Proxy Statement
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Compensation Discussion and Analysis (Continued)
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Elements of the Compensation Program
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Our Corporate Officer compensation package includes five distinct elements:
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- Base Salary 2. Annual Executive Incentive Cash Bonus 3. Long-Term Equity Incentives 4. Retirement and Health Benefits 5. Perquisites and other executive compensation plans
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These five elements together form an executives total compensation package. The first two elements form an executives total cash compensation and the first three elements form an executives total direct compensation package. It is the Companys goal to align the compensation packages with prevailing market rates. The alignment is accomplished primarily through adjustments to each Corporate Officers total direct compensation. The compensation program helps us to attract and retain the talent we need to grow and sustain our business. Our goal is to compensate executives for their level of responsibility, development and individual performance. The Committee believes that as the responsibility and authority of a Corporate Officer increases, the portion of his or her compensation determined by the Companys performance should also increase. Each Corporate Officers current responsibility, development and individual performance is assessed by the Committee to determine the appropriate compensation given performance in their position. The compensation program is intended to provide executives who are judged to perform their duties at a proficient level with a total direct compensation package that approximates the market median compensation for such position based upon the data provided by Towers Perrin. Each element of total direct compensation is benchmarked to the prevailing market, however, in certain circumstances local practices related to long-term incentives and bonuses may be significantly different than those applicable to the Company as a whole. In those circumstances, the Company emphasizes consistency in the application of its long-term incentive programs and adjusts base and bonus so as to maintain total direct compensation in an amount that is consistent with the Companys compensation philosophy.
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Base Salary
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The CEO evaluates each of the Corporate Officers annually and makes recommendations to the Committee for base salary. The base salary of the CEO is set by the Board of Directors. In general, but subject to individual circumstances, base salaries reflect market rates for comparative positions and the NEOs level of proficiency and performance. The base salary of NEOs assessed by the CEO and the Committee to be proficient is generally targeted around the market median of the survey market compensation data. The base compensation of NEOs who are assessed to still be developing in their role in general would be below the market median and those judged to be performing at a significantly higher level would be above the market median. The Committee in each circumstance uses its judgment and experience in setting the specific level of base salary relative to the general market median data.
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Executive Incentive Cash Bonus
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The annual executive incentive cash bonus for the Corporate Officers is paid pursuant to the Executive Incentive Cash Bonus Plan. This plan is intended to link annual incentive compensation to the creation of shareholder value. The Executive Incentive Cash Bonus Plan provides for the annual payment of a cash bonus (Incentive Cash Bonus) to selected executives based upon the performance of the Company during the fiscal year. The annual Incentive Cash Bonus is reported in the Summary Compensation Table under the column titled Non-equity Incentive Plan Compensation as required by SEC regulation.
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The measure of performance for the Incentive Cash Bonus is Economic Value Added (EVA). EVA in general terms is equal to the Companys net operating income after subtraction of taxes and a charge for capital. The Committee believes that the utilization of the EVA measurement system, with its focus on maximizing the Companys return on capital investments relative to its cost of capital, is an effective means of evaluating and rewarding executive performance. The cash bonus for NEOs in fiscal 2007 was based upon consolidated EVA for the entire Company.
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15 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Compensation Discussion and Analysis Elements of the Compensation Program (Continued)
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Under the Executive Incentive Cash Bonus Plan a participant is assigned an Incentive Cash Bonus target expressed as a percentage of his or her base pay, and the actual bonus payment is determined by comparing the actual improvement in EVA achieved by the Company against expected improvement. The expected improvement is the dollar amount of EVA improvement necessary to earn the targeted EVA bonus. The interval is the dollar amount of EVA change, either above or below the expected improvement, necessary to either double the EVA bonus amount or reduce it to zero.
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The actual Incentive Cash Bonus amount paid with respect to any year may range from 0 to 2 times of the target based upon the relative achievement of our EVA targets described below. The Committee sets the EVA targets for 3 year periods. The Incentive Cash Bonus earned by participants is expected over time to equal 100 percent of his or her individual target. The target Incentive Cash Bonus payment for the NEOs generally is set at 100 percent of the market median bonus amount for comparable positions as shown in the Published Survey Data , although as explained earlier base pay and bonus may be adjusted in order to maintain total compensation in an amount that is consistent with our compensation philosophy. The Committee believes that this use of Incentive Cash Bonus is consistent with the objective of making compensation for senior corporate officers more variable with the Companys performance.
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The Incentive Cash Bonus payment target percentages for NEOs in fiscal 2007 ranged from 85 percent of base salary for the CEO to 60 percent of base salary for other NEOs. For fiscal 2008, the payment target percentage for our CEO was increased to 100 percent of base salary. This increase was based upon the CEOs greater experience in his role, his improved performance and the market information provided by the Published Survey Data. The Committee is responsible for administering all elements of the Executive Incentive Cash Bonus Plan, except that those elements of the plan relating to the CEO (including target percentage payment) are approved by the Board. The Committee approves participants in the plan, the target payment percentage, the EVA improvement goals and the cost of capital. The Audit Committee at the end of each fiscal year approves the calculation of EVA results for the year and the EVA change from the previous year and the resulting bonus factor. The Committee certifies the use of the bonus factor for use in the Incentive Cash Bonus calculation. For fiscal 2007 participants in the Executive Incentive Cash Bonus Plan received Incentive Cash Bonus payments amounting to 1.563 times their individual targets. The EVA targets for 2007 were an expected improvement of $11 million and an interval of $29 million. The EVA targets beginning in 2008 are an expected improvement of $9 million and an interval of $32 million. The cost of capital in both 2007 and 2008 is 9 percent.
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Long-Term Incentives
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Our shareholders in 2004 approved our Long-Term Incentive Plan (LTI Plan). The plan authorizes the Company to issue stock, restricted stock, options, restricted stock units, and other forms of equity-based compensation (Long-Term Incentive Grants). The key objectives of making Long-Term Incentive Grants under the LTI Plan are:
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To provide an appropriate level of equity reward to Corporate Officers that ties a meaningful part of their compensation to the long-term returns generated for shareholders.
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To provide an appropriate equity award to the next level of executives where market data would support their inclusion in an annual equity award plan.
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To assist the achievement of our share ownership requirements.
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To attract, retain and reward key employees.
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We believe that a significant portion of executive pay should be aligned with long-term shareholder returns and that encouraging long-term strategic thinking and decision-making requires that executives have a significant stake in the long-term success of Herman Miller. The Committee is responsible for administering all elements of the LTI Plan and for making all Long-Term Incentive Grants under the LTI Plan, except that the Board approves the grants to the CEO.
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The LTI Plan provides for the issuance of options with a reload feature. A reload feature permits an option holder who exercises an option to receive an additional (reload) option in connection with the exercise. The reload option has an exercise price equal to the price at which the existing option was exercised and represents a number of shares equal to the number of shares traded in to exercise the option and to pay the taxes on the exercise of the option. The reload feature exists in option grants made before fiscal year 2007. The Committee, beginning in fiscal year 2007, discontinued the practice of issuing new options with reload features.
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16 2007 Proxy Statement
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Compensation Discussion and Analysis Elements of the Compensation Program (Continued)
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LTI Grants in 2007 In fiscal 2007, we awarded both stock options and restricted stock units to our NEOs relating to fiscal 2006 performance. The target value of the grants was divided equally between options and restricted stock units. The Committee (and the Board in the case of the CEO) at the beginning of fiscal 2006 established target values of the Long-Term Incentive Grants to be awarded in connection with the Companys performance for that fiscal year. The actual grants were made in fiscal 2007 after the financial results were reported for the year and therefore the value of grants with respect to 2006 appears in this years proxy information. The actual value of the restricted stock units granted was subject to adjustment from target because of the Companys EVA performance for fiscal 2006, as explained below, while the actual value of the options was not subject to such adjustment.
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The target values established in 2006 for the Long-Term Incentive Grants (including options and restricted stock units) awarded in fiscal 2007 was 80 percent of base salary for Ms. Nickels, 73 percent for Mr. Miller, 69 percent for Mr. Lock, and 28 percent for Mr. Portlock. The target value of the Long-Term Incentive Grants to Brian Walker was set at $300,000. The target value of these awards was matched against Published Survey Data with the understanding that the awards were less than market median data and with the understanding that subsequent adjustments would be needed to reach market median. The Committee in setting the target award for Brian Walker also took into account the value of a 100,000 share stock grant made to Mr. Walker July 27, 2004. Stock Options The options granted in fiscal 2007 were priced at 10 percent above the closing price of our stock on the date of grant, have a 10-year life and vest equally over 3 years. An employee who leaves the Company for any reason will forfeit all unvested options. The vesting of all options is accelerated on a change of control of the Company. The value of the options granted in fiscal 2007 was not subject to adjustment on account of our Companys EVA performance.
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The actual number of options granted was determined using the Black-Scholes valuation method and the closing price for the Companys stock on the date of grant. The Black-Scholes assumptions used in connection with these grants can be found in footnote 14 to our annual financial statements included in this years Form 10K. Restricted Stock Units The total value of restricted stock units actually granted to NEOs in fiscal 2007 was subject to adjustment with respect to the Companys EVA improvement in fiscal year 2006 as compared to fiscal year 2005. If the EVA results in fiscal 2006 varied from the Expected Improvement, the total value of the restricted stock units would be increased or decreased but such increase or decrease could not change the total value of the restricted stock units granted by more than 50 percent of the targeted grant value. The Company achieved a 1.8272 EVA bonus factor for fiscal year 2006, which exceeded the 50 percent cap for the year, resulting in a 50 percent increase above target in the total value of the restricted stock units granted to the NEOs. The number of restricted stock units actually granted was determined by dividing the adjusted dollar value of the award amount by the closing price of our stock on the date of grant.
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The restricted stock units are units that convert into shares of the Companys common stock after they vest. The restricted stock units granted in 2007 cliff vest at the end of 5 years. An employee who leaves the Company for any reason, except for death, disability, retirement or termination for other than cause will forfeit all of the unvested restricted stock units. An employee who retires, dies, leaves the Company because of a disability or is discharged for other than cause, will receive a portion of the restricted stock units equal to that proportion of time he or she is employed by the Company after the grant of the restricted stock units. If an employee retires, the vesting of restricted stock units is conditioned upon his or her providing 10 hours per quarter of consulting services. The vesting of all restricted stock units is accelerated on a change of control of the Company. Dividends accrue on the restricted stock units and are added to the total value of the units.
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LTI Grants for 2008 The Committee, in consultation with Towers Perrin, revisited our practice of granting awards under the LTI Plan for grants made beginning in fiscal 2008 with three goals in mind; 1) better aligning the expense of the plan with the actual results of the business in any fiscal year, 2) establishing a longer-term time horizon over which to evaluate performance when making long-term incentive awards, 3) modifying the mix between options and shares. The Committee made significant changes to the awards that will be granted in July 2007. Beginning with the grants made in July 2007, awards will be made in the form of performance shares and stock options (one-third performance shares, one-third market priced stock options, and one-third to be selected by the participant between the two forms of equity awards). The grants of performance shares will not be based upon the prior years EVA performance but upon the Companys future EVA performance. The Committee believes this revised grant structure retains the key elements of EVA measurement and employee ownership and aligns the interests of shareholders and executives while better matching the expense in any given year to the performance of the business in that year.
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17 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Compensation Discussion and Analysis Elements of the Compensation Program (Continued)
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The Long-Term Incentive Grants to be granted in fiscal 2008 have a target value ranging from 225 percent of base salary for our CEO to 100 percent of base salary for Andrew Lock and Gary Miller, 60 percent for Beth Nickels and 50 percent for John Portlock. The increase in the target value of the Long-Term Incentive Grants to the CEO and most of the other NEOs in both absolute amount and relative to the increase in base compensation reflects the decision of the Committee to bring the value of the LTI grants closer to the market median values of such grants reflected by the Published Survey Data. The decrease in target value for Ms Nickels reflects her new role, for fiscal year 2008, as President, Herman Miller for Healthcare as discussed in the most recent 10K. In the case of the CEO it also reflects the fact that the Company is no longer amortizing the cost of the 100,000 share grant made to him July 27, 2004.
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Stock Options The options will vest equally over three years, have a ten year life and are priced at fair market value on the date of grant.
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Performance Shares The performance shares will represent shares of the Companys common stock and are to be issued to participants at the end of a future 3-year measurement period beginning in the year that performance shares are granted. The value of the performance shares is initially based upon a target grant to each participant. The actual payout of shares can vary between 0 percent and 200 percent of target shares depending upon the cumulative average EVA performance over the three-year measurement period. There will be no payment of dividends during the performance period and the shares will not actually be issued until the end of the three-year measurement period.
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Practices Concerning Grant Dates Grants under the LTI Plan are typically made in connection with the Board of Directors meeting in July of each year. The number of performance shares is determined using the closing price for the Companys common stock on the date of grant and the number of options is based on the Black-Scholes valuation method described as a footnote to the Long-Term Incentive Grants table. The Company does not attempt to influence the amount of executive compensation by timing equity grants in connection with the disclosure of material information to the public. The Companys year end financial information is normally disclosed through a press release in the third week of June. The backdating of equity award dates is specifically prohibited under policies adopted by the Board of Directors.
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Retirement and Health Plans
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Health Plans
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The Company maintains a broad base of health insurance plans available to all full-time and most part-time employees. The NEOs participate in such health insurance plans on the same terms as all other employees within the geographic region.
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Retirement Plans
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The Company maintains broad based retirement plans available to all non-union employees in the United States. Our employees in England and who are union members are covered by separate defined benefit retirement plans. Our retirement plans are designed to provide an appropriate level of replacement income upon retirement. The benefits available to NEOs are the same as available to other non-executive employees in the geographic region subject to limitations provided by law or regulation. The NEOs participate in the full range of benefits and are covered by the same plans (with exceptions noted) on the same terms as provided to all U.S. employees. John Portlock, an NEO, is covered by the retirement income plan in effect in England. The Company targets its overall benefits to be competitive with companies with which we compete for executive talent.
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The retirement plans include:
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The Herman Miller, Inc. Retirement Income Plan
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The Herman Miller, Inc. Profit Sharing and 401(k) Plan
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The Herman Miller, Inc. Non-qualified Deferred Compensation Plan
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The Herman Miller Limited Retirement Benefits Plan
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18 2007 Proxy Statement
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Compensation Discussion and Analysis Retirement and Health Plans (Continued)
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Retirement Income Plan The Herman Miller, Inc. Retirement Income Plan (Cash Balance Plan) is what is known as a hybrid plan. Under the Plan the Company accrues a benefit for the participant which is expressed as a fixed dollar amount (cash balance). The Company credits each employees account with an amount equal to 4 percent of his or her salary, up to the maximum salary level permitted by the Internal Revenue Service (currently $220,000). Each account is also credited with hypothetical interest earning pegged to a predetermined benchmark. For fiscal 2007 interest was credited at 5.06 percent.
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Profit Sharing Plan The Herman Miller, Inc. Profit Sharing and 401(k) Plan consists of two parts. The Company annually makes a contribution to the profit sharing portion based upon the Companys EVA results for the year that may range from 0 percent to 6 percent of base salaries, with a target contribution of 4 percent of base salary. Based upon our EVA results, the actual percentage contributed for fiscal year 2007 was 4.69 percent. The amount of salary included in the base for the calculation is limited to the maximum salary level permitted by the IRS. The 401(k) portion of the plan is a salary deferral plan. Each employee may elect to defer up to the maximum amount permitted. The Company matches up to half of the amount deferred by the employee up to the first 6 percent of the employees compensation contributed.
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Herman Miller Limited Retirement Plan Herman Miller Limited, the Companys, wholly owned UK subsidiary maintains an average final pay pension plan for all of its retirees. Under the plan each employee is entitled to a normal basic pension equal to an equivalent of 1/70th of final pensionable salary for each complete year of service. The pension is subject to a maximum of 40/70ths of final pensionable salary,
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Perquisites and Other Executive Compensation Plans
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Perquisites
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The Company has historically been conservative in its approach to executive perquisite benefits. Our approach has been to provide a limited number of perquisites to corporate officers. The Company normally provides each NEO with a specified dollar amount which can be used for a range of perquisites. These perquisites include financial planning, life insurance, spousal travel and other benefits. In 2007 the dollar amount of these benefits used was $25,000 for the CEO and between $10,000 and $32,000 for each of the other NEOs.
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The Company does not normally provide non-business-related use of chartered aircraft for Corporate Officers. During 2007 there were two occasions on which the Company did provide chartered aircraft to NEOs for non-business use. The total cost to the Company for this usage was less than $10,000.
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The Company in 2007 did provide the NEOs and all other Corporate Officers with the opportunity to purchase certain additional disability insurance and to obtain comprehensive physicals paid for by the Company.
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Deferred Compensation Plan
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The Non-qualified Deferred Compensation Plan allows selected employees to defer part or all of their Executive Incentive Cash Bonus payment each year. The Company will match any such deferral, up to 50 percent of the incentive cash bonus payment. The matching payment vests over 3 years and vesting is dependent upon the executive remaining employed with the Company. During 2007 only two executives, Brian Walker and Beth Nickels, elected to participate in the deferred compensation plan. Amounts deferred are converted into units having the same value as the Companys stock and are credited with amounts at the same rate as the Companys dividend on its common stock. Units are converted into shares of the Companys common stock at the time of distribution. The Company, after 2007, will discontinue use of this plan. Company match contributions with respect to amounts deferred during 2007 will appear on the 2008 Summary Compensation Table. The vesting on the Company matching contribution is shown on the Perquisites and Other Compensation table.
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The Committee has approved a supplemental deferred compensation plan for salary deferrals beginning in January 2008. The plan will allow all United States employees who have compensation above the statutory ceiling to defer income in the same proportion as if the statutory ceiling did not exist. The Company will make contributions to the plan such that the amounts in the plan mirror the amounts the Company would have contributed had the employees compensation not been above the statutory ceiling, subject to a limit of 9.9 percent of compensation. Investment options under this plan will be the same as those available under the 401(k) Plan.
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19 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Compensation Discussion and Analysis Perquisites and Other Executive Compensation Plans (Continued)
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Key Executive Stock Purchase Assistance Plan
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In 1994 the Company established the Key Executive Stock Purchase Assistance Plan. The plan provided that the Company would make loans to certain key executives to allow them to purchase shares of Company stock. The executives are obligated to repay the loans together with interest over an 8 year period. The executive could earn repayment of up to 80 percent of the total loan principal and 100 percent of the annual interest through Company performance as measured by the Company meeting its annual EVA expected improvement target. The Committee closed the plan to further participants in 2004 and there is only one remaining loan outstanding, that being to Beth Nickels. In 2006 and 2007 she earned repayment of the full amount of the interest and principal due on the loan for those years. The earned repayment for fiscal year 2007 is shown on the Perquisites and Other Income table.
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Executive Long Term Disability Plan
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The plan covers 60% of the rolling two year average of executive incentive compensation. Executives are eligible to participate when they have earned over $6,000 in annual executive incentive comp. This benefit continues as long as the executive is disabled until age 65. The monthly benefit is capped at $10,000. The executive can maintain the plan by paying Unum, the provider, directly when they leave Herman Miller.
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Deductibility of Compensation
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The income tax laws of the United States limit the amount the company may deduct for compensation paid to the companys CEO, CFO and the other three most highly paid executives. Certain compensation that qualifies as performance based under IRS guidelines is not subject to this limit. All compensation paid by the company during fiscal 2007 meets the requirements for deductibility.
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Ownership Guidelines
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The Committee believes that significant stock ownership by top management is of critical importance to the ongoing success of the Company, since it closely links the interests of senior management and company shareholders. Stock ownership requirements apply to the nine members of the Executive Leadership Team for the Company. Under these requirements, the President and Chief Executive Officer must own shares of company stock with an aggregate market value of at least six (6) times base salary, Corporate Officers having a Long-Term Incentive Plan target equal to 100 percent of base salary must own shares of Company stock with an aggregate market value of four (4) times their respective base salaries and all other direct reports to the CEO must own shares with an aggregate market value of three (3) times their respective base salaries.
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All participants must achieve their ownership requirement over a five-year period from the date of their appointment to the position. Ownership for the purpose of the guidelines is defined to include shares owned by the executives, as well as shares held in profit sharing, 401(k), restricted stock and restricted stock units (both vested and unvested), and deferred accounts for his or her benefit. Stock options and unissued performance shares are not included in the calculation of an executives total ownership. If a participant fails to meet the ownership guidelines within the specified period half of his or her Incentive Cash Bonus will be paid in the form of Company stock until the guideline is met.
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In fiscal 2007, all NEOs had achieved their ownership guidelines.
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Impact of Prior Compensation in Setting Elements of Compensation
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Prior compensation of the NEOs does not normally impact how the Committee sets the current elements of compensation. The Committee believes the current competitive environment mandates the current total level of compensation. As described earlier the Committee uses tally sheets to track all of the elements of current compensation to enable the Committee to determine whether the compensation which the NEO is currently receiving is consistent with market practices. The Committee, however, has the ability to consider the impact of any special equity grants upon the value of future grants made to Corporate Officers under the LTI plan. In 2007, the Committee adjusted the value of the grants made to the CEO under the LTI plan to reflect a portion of the value of a 100,000 share equity grant made July 27, 2004.
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20 20007 Proxy Statement
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Compensation Discussion and Analysis (Continued)
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Impact of Restatements Retroactively Impacting Financial Goals
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The Company has not had any material restatement of prior financial results. If such restatements were to occur, the Committee would review the matter and determine what, if any, adjustment to current compensation might be appropriate.
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Post-Employment Compensation
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Change in control and discharge for other than cause can result in additional compensation being paid to or for certain NEOs. In addition, as described above, certain of the Long-Term Incentive Bonus payments continue if the NEO leaves employment as the result of death, disability or retirement.
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Termination Payments
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All of the NEOs are at will employees. This means that they can be discharged at any time and for no reason. The Company has agreed to pay Corporate Officers and other executives severance if they are terminated for reasons other than cause. In 2007 the severance payments would have been equal to 12 months of base salary and in 2008 the severance payments would be equal to 18 months of base salary for each of the NEOs. The change in the amount of severance payments is the result of benchmarking our practices to the Published Survey Data. In addition, the Company maintains the health insurance on such employee during the salary continuation period. In exchange for such payments the employee provides the Company with a mutual release of all claims and agrees not to work for a competitor during the salary continuation period.
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Change in Control Agreements
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Each NEO is party to a change in control agreement with the Company. In 2006 the Committee retained Frederic W. Cook to review the existing change in control agreements and to advise it on whether the continued use of such agreements was appropriate and if so whether the agreements were consistent with competitive practices. Frederic W. Cook advised the Committee that the continued use of change in control agreements is appropriate and recommended certain changes to the form of the agreements. In 2006 the Company entered into new change in control agreements with the NEOs and certain other Corporate Officers and executives. The new form of change in control agreement is found under Exhibit 10 in the Companys consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended June 2, 2007, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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The Committee believes that the use of change in control agreements is appropriate as they help insure a continuity of management during a threatened take-over and help insure that management remains focused on completing a transaction that is likely to maximize shareholder value. Potential payments under the change in control agreements are included in the tally sheets provided annually to the Committee.
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The narrative and footnotes to the tables entitled Potential Payments upon Termination in Connection with a Change in Control describe the change in control payments in greater detail.
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Executive Compensation Committee Report
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The Committee has reviewed and discussed the Compensation Discussion and Analysis required by Item 402(b) of Regulation S-K with Management and, based on such review and discussions, the Committee recommended to the Board that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in the Proxy Statement.
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David Ulrich (chair) Barry Griswell John Hoke
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21 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Summary Compensation Table
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The summary compensation table below shows the compensation for the Named Executive Officers for the fiscal year ended June 2, 2007 (Fiscal 2007). The details of the Companys executive compensation programs are found in the CD&A.
| Name and Principal Position | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brian C. Walker | |||||||||
| President and Chief Executive Officer | 2007 | 625,961 | -- | 651,052 | 358,045 | 829,981 | 11,957 | 105,433 | 2,582,429 |
| Elizabeth A. Nickels | |||||||||
| Chief Financial Officer | 2007 | 349,327 | -- | 128,038 | 170,390 | 327,377 | 8,869 | 169,917 | 1,153,918 |
| John Portlock (5) | |||||||||
| President, Herman Miller, International | 2007 | 315,232 | -- | 173,680 | 47,444 | 297,088 | 51,840 | 58,377 | 943,661 |
| Andrew Lock | |||||||||
| Chief Administration Officer, | 2007 | 302,981 | -- | 119,610 | 61,771 | 283,558 | 8,970 | 40,818 | 817,708 |
| Gary Miller | |||||||||
| Chief Development Officer | 2007 | 275,000 | -- | 171,596 | 61,771 | 257,862 | 33,944 | 27,004 | 827,177 |
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(1) Amounts set forth in the stock award and option award columns represent the amounts recognized as compensation expense in fiscal 2007 for financial reporting purposes with respect to stock awards and options in accordance with FAS 123R except that the amounts do not reflect a reduction for estimated forfeitures. The assumptions used in calculating these amounts are set forth in Note 14, in the Companys consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended June 2, 2007, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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(2) Includes the amounts earned in fiscal 2007 and paid in fiscal 2008 under the Executive Incentive Cash Bonus Plan as described in the CD&A. Certain executives have elected to defer a part of the Executive Incentive Cash Bonus under the Key Executive Deferred Compensation Plan. The amount of the deferrals and the corresponding Company contributions will be shown in next years Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Table.
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(3) Amounts represent the aggregate change in the actuarial present value of the accumulated benefits under the Companys Retirement Plans.
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(4) The amounts in this column for all other compensation are described in the following table:
| Brian Walker | 25,856 | 32,000 | 2,892 | 1,083 | 16,918 | 991 | 25,693 | 105,433 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elizabeth Nickels | 9,336 | 95,637 | 800 | 6,524 | 416 | 16,918 | 814 | 39,472 | 169,917 |
| John Portlock | 32,072 | 21,318 | 4,987 | 58,377 | |||||
| Andrew Lock | 14,717 | 7,858 | 16,918 | 1,325 | 40,818 | ||||
| Gary Miller | 7,859 | 16,918 | 2,227 | 27,004 |
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(a) Bundled Benefits includes accounting fees, cell phone fees, club dues, family travel, financial planning, home office expenses, vehicle expenses, life insurance, and tax gross-ups. None of these benefits exceeded $10,000 except for tax gross-ups for Mr. Portlock in the amounts of $12,829.
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(b) Represents amount earned under our Key Executive Stock Purchase Assistance Plan and applied to the repayment of loans made thereunder. No new loans may be extended under this plan. At June 2, 2007, the outstanding loan was $115,303.
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(c) Each executive, except for Mr. Portlock, received contributions of $16,918 pursuant to our defined contribution retirement plans.
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(d) Group Term Life Insurance is available to all US employees.
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(5) Mr. Portlock serves the company through its United Kingdom subsidiary. As such, his benefits are paid according to the benefits paid in the United Kingdom, which are different from the benefits in the United States. His benefits include medical insurance, car allowance, spouse travel, and contributions to a pension plan. All amounts are converted from pounds to dollars using an annual average exchange rate of 1.92.
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22 2007 Proxy Statement
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Grants of Plan-Based Awards
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The Grant of Plan-Based Awards table below sets forth information on equity awards granted by the Company to the NEOs during fiscal 2007 under the Long Term Incentive Plan (LTI Plan) and the possible payouts to the NEOs under the Executive Incentive Cash Bonus Plan (Annual Cash Bonus Plan) for fiscal 2007. Payments under the Incentive Cash Bonus Plan are shown in the Estimated Possible Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards column. The CD&A provides further details of grants under the LTI Plan, including the vesting information for the options and restricted stock units as well as the performance criteria under the Annual Cash Bonus Plan.
| Name | Threshold ($) | Target ($) | Maximum ($) | All Other Stock Awards: — Number of Shares of Stock of Units(2)(#) | All Other Option Awards: — Number of Securities Underlying Options(3)(#) | Exercise or Base Price — of Option Awards ($/Sh)(4) | Grant Date Fair Value of Stock — and Option Aswards ($)(5) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brian C. Walker | 07/24/06 | 8,105 | 224,995 | |||||
| 07/24/06 | 20,066 | 30.536 | 149,997 | |||||
| 10/30/06 | (6) | 45,635 | 34.51 | 450,548 | ||||
| 0 | 532,067 | 1,064,134 | ||||||
| Elizabeth A. Nickels | 07/24/06 | 7,430 | 206,257 | |||||
| 07/24/06 | 18,394 | 30.536 | 137,499 | |||||
| 0 | 209,596 | 419,192 | ||||||
| John Portlock | 07/24/06 | 2,161 | 59,989 | |||||
| 07/24/06 | 5,351 | 30.536 | 40,000 | |||||
| 0 | 189,139 | 378,278 | ||||||
| Andrew Lock | 07/24/06 | 5,403 | 149,987 | |||||
| 07/24/06 | 13,378 | 30.536 | 100,003 | |||||
| 0 | 181,789 | 363,577 | ||||||
| Gary Miller | 07/24/06 | 5,403 | 149,987 | |||||
| 07/24/06 | 13.378 | 30.536 | 100,003 | |||||
| 0 | 165,000 | 330,000 |
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="a no br" FSL="Project"
(1) Under the Annual Cash Bonus Plan executives can earn incentive compensation based on the achievement of certain company performance goals. The actual Cash Bonus amount paid with respect to any year may range from 0 to 2 times of the target based upon the relative achievement of our EVA targets.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="a no br" FSL="Project"
(2) Represent units that convert into an equivalent number of shares of common stock and are subject to time-based cliff vesting in five years.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="a no br" FSL="Project"
(3) Except as noted in footnote (6), each option has a term of ten years and vests pro rata over three years.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="a no br" FSL="Project"
(4) Stock options are awarded at an option price not less than the market value of the Companys common stock at the grant date in accordance with the LTI Plan.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="a no br" FSL="Project"
(5) Aggregate grant date values are computed in accordance with FAS 123R.
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(6) Reflects options granted pursuant to stock option reload rights contained in certain option agreements. The rights permit employees to receive new options if an employee exercises options by trading in shares. Reload options allow for the purchase of shares of Company stock equal to the number of shares that were exchanged upon exercise of the underlying option. The reload options retain the expiration date of the original option, but the exercise price equals the fair market value of the companys stock on the date of grant of the reload option.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Left-TNR" FSL="Project"
23 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
MARKER PAGE="; page: 24"
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Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Flush (Regular) Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Default"
The Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End table below shows the option awards and stock awards that were outstanding as of June 2, 2007. The table shows both exercisable and unexercisable options. The table also shows share units and equity plan awards that have not vested.
| Name — Brian C. Walker | 07/27/04 | 100,000 | 3,653,000 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 06/27/05 | 6,236 | 12,473 | 33.517 | 06/27/15 | 6,202 | 226,559 | |
| 07/24/06 | 20,066 | 30.536 | 07/24/16 | 8,159 | 298,048 | ||
| 10/30/06 | 8,589 | 34.510 | 07/05/10 | ||||
| 10/30/06 | 3,616 | 34.510 | 06/29/11 | ||||
| 10/30/06 | 33,430 | 34.510 | 04/23/12 | ||||
| Elizabeth A. Nickels | 07/05/00 | 9,800 | 27.359 | 07/05/10 | |||
| 04/25/01 | 3,115 | 25.230 | 02/07/10 | ||||
| 04/23/02 | 25,313 | 25.000 | 04/23/12 | ||||
| 06/30/03 | 25,000 | 20.060 | 06/30/13 | ||||
| 05/19/04 | 50,000 | 23.870 | 05/19/09 | ||||
| 07/20/04 | 17,931 | 26.950 | 02/07/10 | ||||
| 06/27/05 | 5,717 | 11,433 | 33.517 | 06/27/15 | 5,685 | 207,673 | |
| 10/18/05 | 3,706 | 27.990 | 02/07/10 | ||||
| 10/18/05 | 10,194 | 27.990 | 02/07/10 | ||||
| 10/18/05 | 8,740 | 27.990 | 02/07/10 | ||||
| 10/18/05 | 2,788 | 27.990 | 06/29/11 | ||||
| 10/18/05 | 2,486 | 27.990 | 04/23/12 | ||||
| 07/24/06 | 18,394 | 30.536 | 07/24/16 | 7,480 | 273,244 | ||
| John Portlock | 07/05/00 | 3,853 | 27.359 | 07/05/10 | |||
| 04/23/01 | 20,000 | 25.100 | 04/23/11 | ||||
| 06/29/01 | 3,500 | 24.200 | 06/29/11 | ||||
| 04/23/02 | 23,962 | 25.000 | 04/23/12 | ||||
| 06/30/03 | 10,000 | 20.060 | 06/30/13 | ||||
| 06/27/05 | 1,663 | 3,326 | 33.517 | 06/27/15 | 1,653 | 60,384 | |
| 07/24/06 | 0 | 5,351 | 30.536 | 07/24/16 | 2,175 | 79,453 | |
| Andrew Lock | 06/27/05 | 4,158 | 8,315 | 33.517 | 06/27/15 | 4,134 | 151,015 |
| 07/24/06 | 13,378 | 30.536 | 07/24/16 | 5,439 | 198,687 | ||
| Gary Miller | 07/08/97 | 5,030 | 19.875 | 07/08/07 | |||
| 07/06/98 | 40,000 | 29.750 | 07/06/08 | ||||
| 07/02/99 | 28,000 | 23.313 | 07/02/09 | ||||
| 07/05/00 | 9,800 | 27.359 | 07/05/10 | ||||
| 06/29/01 | 3,080 | 24.200 | 06/29/11 | ||||
| 04/23/02 | 28,000 | 25.000 | 04/23/02 | ||||
| 06/30/03 | 25,000 | 20.060 | 06/30/13 | ||||
| 05/19/04 | 50,000 | 23.870 | 05/19/14 | ||||
| 06/27/05 | 4,158 | 8,315 | 33.517 | 06/27/15 | 4,134 | 151,015 | |
| 07/24/06 | 13,378 | 30.536 | 07/24/16 | 5,439 | 198,687 |
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Numbered List - Hang Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
| (1) | Options
granted on 06/27/05 and 07/24/06 vest in three equal annual installments
beginning on the first anniversary of the grant date. Options granted
prior to 06/27/05 or in connection with a reload vest 100 percent on the
one year anniversary date of the award. |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | All
awards vest 100 percent on the five year anniversary date of the award.
Assumes a stock price of $36.53 per share, which was the closing price of
a share of Common Stock on the last trading day of the fiscal year, June
1, 2007. |
| (3) | Options
granted on 10/30/06, 10/18/05, 7/20/04, 4/25/01 reflects options granted
pursuant to stock option reload rights contained in certain option
agreements. The rights permit employees to receive new options if an
employee exercises options by trading in shares. Reload options allow for
the purchase of shares of Company stock equal to the number of shares that
were exchanged upon exercise of the underlying option. The reload options
retain the expiration date of the original option, but the exercise price
equals the fair market value of the companys stock on the date of
grant of the reload option. |
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24 2007 Proxy Statement
MARKER PAGE="; page: 25"
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Head Major Left Bold-TNR" FSL="Project"
Option Exercises and Stock Vested
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Flush (Regular) Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Default"
This table provides information on the number and value of (1) options exercised in Fiscal 2007, and (2) the vesting of restricted stock (on an aggregate basis).
| Name | Option Awards — Number of Shares Acquired on Exercise (#) | Value Realized on Exercise ($) (1) | Stock Awards — Number of Shares Acquired on Vesting (#) | Value Realized on Vesting ($) (2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brian C. Walker | 54,200 | 495,844 | 5,000 | 169,850 |
| Elizabeth A. Nickels | -- | -- | 5,000 | 169,850 |
| John Portlock | 97,145 | 1,152,090 | 2,000 | 70,800 |
| Andrew Lock | 95,051 | 826,502 | 1,107 | 37,262 |
| Gary Miller | -- | -- | -- | -- |
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Numbered List - Hang Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
| (1) | Represents
the difference between the exercise price and the fair market value of our
common stock on the date of exercise. |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | Value
based on the closing market price of the Companys common stock on
the vesting date. |
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Head Major Left Bold-TNR" FSL="Project"
Pension Benefits
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Flush (Regular) Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Default"
The Pension Benefit table which is below provides certain information on the retirement benefits available under each retirement plan to each NEO at the end of fiscal 2007. The retirement plans are described in the CD&A.
| Name — Brian C. Walker | Plan Name — Herman Miller, Inc. Retirement Income Plan | 18 | 103,670 | Payments During Last Fiscal Year ($) — -- |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elizabeth A. Nickels | Herman Miller, Inc. Retirement Income Plan | 7 | 50,365 | -- |
| John Portlock(1) | Herman Miller, UK Pension Plan | 27 | 2,133,120 | -- |
| Andrew Lock(2) | Herman Miller, Inc. Retirement Income Plan | 5 | 38,872 | -- |
| Herman Miller, UK Pension Plan | 12 | 529,920 | -- | |
| Gary Miller | Herman Miller, Inc. Retirement Income Plan | 31 | 476,338 | -- |
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Numbered List - Hang Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
| (1) | John
Portlock is covered by the UK Pension Plan which is unlike the Herman
Miller Cash Balance Plan described above. Under the UK Pension Plan
benefits are determined by salary and years of service. |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | Andy
Lock was covered from 1990-2002 under the UK Pension Plan and from
2002-2007 under the Retirement Income Plan. |
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Left-TNR" FSL="Project"
25 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
MARKER PAGE="; page: 26"
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Head Major Left Bold-TNR" FSL="Project"
Nonqualified Deferred Compensation
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Flush (Regular) Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Default"
The Nonqualified Deferred Compensation table below provides certain information relating to each defined contribution plan that provides for the deferral of compensation on a basis that is not tax-qualified.
| Name — Brian C. Walker | -- | -- | 334,629 | 305,214 | 1,528,323 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elizabeth A. Nickels | 186,872 | 56,061 | 114,304 | -- | 555,935 |
| Andrew Lock | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Gary Miller | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| John Portlock | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Numbered List - Hang Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
| (1) | Amounts in this
column represent the amounts deferred by the participant relating to the Executive
Incentive Cash Bonus Plan earned in fiscal 2006 but paid in fiscal 2007. |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | Amounts
in this column represent the Companys match of 30 percent of the employees
contribution. |
| (3) | Amounts
reflect increase in value of the Companys common stock during the year, based upon
deemed investment of deferred amounts. |
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Flush (Regular) Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
The Companys Non-qualified Deferred Compensation Plan allows certain employees to defer part or all of his or her Executive Incentive Cash Bonus payment each year. The Company will match any such deferral, up to 50 percent of the incentive cash bonus payment. The matching payment vests over 3 years and vesting is dependent upon the executive remaining employed with the Company. During 2007 only two executives, Brian Walker and Beth Nickels, elected to participate in the deferred compensation plan. The amounts deferred with respect to 2007 income will be reflected in the 2008 proxy information. Amounts deferred are converted into units having the same value as the Companys stock and are credited with amounts at the same rate as the Companys dividend on its common stock. Units are converted into shares of the Companys common stock at the time of distribution. After 2007, the Company will discontinue use of this plan.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Flush (Regular) Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
The Committee has approved a supplemental deferred compensation plan for salary deferrals beginning in January 2008. The plan will allow all United States employees who have compensation above the statutory ceiling to defer income in the same proportion as if the statutory ceiling did not exist. The Company will make contributions to the plan such that the amounts in the plan mirror the amounts the Company would have contributed had the employees compensation not be above the statutory ceiling, subject to a limit of 9.9 percent of compensation.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Head Major Left Bold-TNR" FSL="Project"
Potential Payments upon Termination, Death, Disability, Retirement or Change in Control
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Flush (Regular) Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Default"
The following tables quantify both the estimated payments that would be made to each NEO in the event of his/her termination by the Company without cause, and in the event of his/her termination under circumstances that would trigger payments under the change in control agreements. The tables also provide information regarding the incremental amounts that would have vested and become payable on June 2, 2007 if a change in control occurred on that date or if the NEOs employment had terminated on that date because of death, disability or retirement. The amounts potentially payable to each NEO in the event of separation without cause, death, disability, retirement or in connection with a change in control in which a termination occurs is illustrated below. The narrative that follows the tables gives more details concerning the plans and the circumstances under which either accelerated payment or vesting would occur.
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26 2007 Proxy Statement
MARKER PAGE="; page: 27"
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Potential Payments upon Termination, Death, Disability, Retirement or Change in Control (Continued)
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Left-TNR" FSL="Project"
Assumes termination occurs at end of Fiscal Year 2007 (June 2, 2007)
| Brian Walker--Chief Executive Officer — Benefit | Death | Disability | Retirement | Without Cause | Change in Control |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash Severance | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ 630,000 | $ 3,496,500 |
| Prorated Annual Incentive | $ 829,981 | $ 829,981 | $ -- | $ -- | $ 829,981 |
| Equity | |||||
| Restricted Stock | $ 1,461,200 | $ 1,461,200 | $ -- | $ 1,461,200 | $ 3,653,000 |
| Restricted Stock Units | $ 138,473 | $ 138,473 | $ -- | $ 138,473 | $ 524,606 |
| Unexercisable Options | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ 250,039 |
| Total | $ 1,599,673 | $ 1,599,673 | $ -- | $ 1,599,673 | $ 4,427,645 |
| Retirement Benefits (1) | |||||
| Unvested Deferred Stock Units | $ 26,140 | $ 26,140 | $ -- | $ -- | $ 26,140 |
| Other Benefits | |||||
| Health and Welfare | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ 16,093 | $ 48,279 |
| Outplacement | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ 20,000 | $ 20,000 |
| Tax Gross-Ups | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ 1,739,984 |
| Total | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ 36,093 | $ 1,808,262 |
| Total | $ 2,455,794 | $ 2,455,794 | $ -- | $ 2,265,766 | $ 10,588,528 |
| Elizabeth Nickels--EVP, Chief Financial Officer | |||||
| Benefit | Death | Disability | Retirement | Without Cause | Change in Control |
| Cash Severance | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ 350,000 | $ 1,120,000 |
| Prorated Annual Incentive | $ 327,377 | $ 327,377 | $ -- | $ -- | $ 327,377 |
| Equity | |||||
| Restricted Stock | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- |
| Restricted Stock Units | $ 126,937 | $ 126,937 | $ -- | $ 126,937 | $ 480,904 |
| Unexercisable Options | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ 144,701 |
| Total | $ 126,937 | $ 126,937 | $ -- | $ 126,937 | $ 625,605 |
| Retirement Benefits (1) | |||||
| Unvested Deferred Stock Units | $ 58,682 | $ 58,682 | $ -- | $ -- | $ 58,682 |
| Other Benefits | |||||
| Health and Welfare | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ 14,277 | $ 28,553 |
| Outplacement | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ 20,000 | $ 20,000 |
| Tax Gross-Ups | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- |
| Total | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ 34,277 | $ 48,553 |
| Total | $ 512,996 | $ 512,996 | $ -- | $ 511,214 | $ 2,180,217 |
| John Portlock - President, International | |||||
| Benefit | Death | Disability | Retirement | Without Cause | Change in Control |
| Cash Severance | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ 316,800 | $ 1,013,760 |
| Prorated Annual Incentive | $ 297,088 | $ 297,088 | $ 297,088 | $ -- | $ 297,088 |
| Equity | |||||
| Restricted Stock | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- |
| Restricted Stock Units | $ 36,916 | $ 36,916 | $ -- | $ 36,916 | $ 139,860 |
| Unexercisable Options | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ 42,095 |
| Total | $ 36,916 | $ 36,916 | $ -- | $ 36,916 | $ 181,955 |
| Retirement Benefits (1) | |||||
| Unvested Deferred Stock Units | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- |
| Other Benefits | |||||
| Health and Welfare | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ 32,085 | $ 64,170 |
| Outplacement | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ 20,000 | $ 20,000 |
| Tax Gross-Ups | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- |
| Total | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ 52,085 | $ 84,170 |
| Total | $ 334,004 | $ 334,004 | $ 297,088 | $ 405,801 | $ 1,576,973 |
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27 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Head Major Left Bold-TNR" FSL="Project"
Potential Payments upon Termination, Death, Disability, Retirement or Change in Control (Continued)
| Andrew Lock--EVP, Chief Administrative Officer — Benefit | Death | Disability | Retirement | Without Cause | Change in Control |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash Severance | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ 305,000 | $ 976,000 |
| Prorated Annual Incentive | $ 283,558 | $ 283,558 | $ -- | $ -- | $ 283,558 |
| Equity | |||||
| Restricted Stock | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- |
| Restricted Stock Units | $ 92,314 | $ 92,314 | $ -- | $ 92,314 | $ 349,725 |
| Unexercisable Options | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ 105,241 |
| Total | $ 92,314 | $ 92,314 | $ -- | $ 92,314 | $ 454,966 |
| Retirement Benefits (1) | |||||
| Unvested Deferred Stock Units | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- |
| Other Benefits | |||||
| Health and Welfare | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ 16,317 | $ 32,634 |
| Outplacement | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ 20,000 | $ 20,000 |
| Tax Gross-Ups | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- |
| Total | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ 36,317 | $ 52,634 |
| Total | $ 375,872 | $ 375,872 | $ -- | $ 433,631 | $ 1,767,158 |
| Gary Miller--EVP, Creative Office | |||||
| Benefit | Death | Disability | Retirement | Without Cause | Change in Control |
| Cash Severance | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ 275,000 | $ 884,664 |
| Prorated Annual Incentive | $ 257,862 | $ 257,862 | $ 257,862 | $ -- | $ 257,862 |
| Equity | |||||
| Restricted Stock | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- |
| Restricted Stock Units | $ 92,314 | $ 92,314 | $ -- | $ 92,314 | $ 349,725 |
| Unexercisable Options | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ 105,241 |
| Total | $ 92,314 | $ 92,314 | $ -- | $ 92,314 | $ 454,966 |
| Retirement Benefits (1) | |||||
| Unvested Deferred Stock Units | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- |
| Other Benefits | |||||
| Health and Welfare | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ 14,343 | $ 28,685 |
| Outplacement | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ 20,000 | $ 20,000 |
| Tax Gross-Ups | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- |
| Total | $ -- | $ -- | $ -- | $ 34,343 | $ 48,685 |
| Total | $ 350,176 | $ 350,176 | $ 257,862 | $ 401,657 | $ 1,646,177 |
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Numbered List - Hang Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
(1) The retirement benefits available to the Named Executive Officers are the same as those available to all salaried employees.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Head Major Left Bold-TNR" FSL="Project"
Potential Payments upon Termination without Change in Control
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Flush (Regular) Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
The Company under its salary continuation plan has agreed to pay Corporate Officers and other executives severance if they are terminated for reasons other than cause. The payments in 2007 would have been equal to 12 months base salary while in 2008 the payments will be equal to 18 months base salary continuation for the NEOs. In addition the Company maintains the health insurance on such employee during the salary continuation period. In exchange for such payments the employee provides the Company with a mutual release of all claims and agrees not to work for a competitor during the salary continuation period. In the event of a termination covered by the change in control agreements described below, the payments under those agreements is reduced by any amounts received under the salary continuation plan.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Flush (Regular) Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Default"
The Executive Long Term Disability Plan provides a monthly benefit to an executive of 60% of their 2 year average executive incentive up to a monthly maximum of 10,000. Each of the NEOs, except Mr. Portlock, would be entitled to a $10,000 monthly benefit if they became disabled as of June 2, 2007 as long as they are disabled or until age 65.
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28 2007 Proxy Statement
MARKER PAGE="; page: 29"
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Head Major Left Bold-TNR" FSL="Project"
Potential Payments upon Termination, Death, Disability, Retirement or Change in Control (Continued)
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Head Major Left Bold-TNR" FSL="Project"
Potential Payments upon Termination in Connection with Change in Control
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Flush (Regular) Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
In Fiscal 2007 each NEO is party to a change in control agreement with the Company. The change in control agreements are all two trigger agreements. This means there both must be a change in control and the employee must lose his or her job for a reason covered by the change in control agreement in order to be entitled to a payment.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Flush (Regular) Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
The agreements define change in control as having occurred (1) when a third party becomes the owner of more than 35 percent of the Companys stock, (2) when a majority of the Board of directors is composed of persons who are not recommended by the existing Board, (3) when a third party acquires a majority of the assets of the Company in a transaction not approved by the continuing directors, (4) when the Company is a party to a merger or reorganization in which the existing shareholders do not control 60 percent of the shares of the surviving company or (5) when there is a liquidation of the Company.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Flush (Regular) Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
An employee is entitled to a payment under the change in control agreement if within 2 years after a change in control he (1) loses his or her employment with the Company for reasons other than cause, (2) the responsibilities of his or her job are significantly reduced, (3) the base salary or bonus he or she receives is reduced, (4) the benefits he or she receives are reduced by more than 5 percent, (5) the location of his or her job is relocated more than 50 miles from its current location, or (6) the obligations of the change in control agreement is not assumed by any successor company.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Flush (Regular) Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
If both triggering events occur, then the NEO is entitled to a change in control payment. The change in control payment consists of three elements (1) amounts owed for current year base salary, on target bonus prorated to the date of termination and all amounts of deferred income, (2) medical and other insurance benefits, and (3) a separation payment. In addition, all existing unvested options and other equity units become immediately vested and exercisable. The separation payment in the case of the CEO is to be equal to 3 times the amount described below and in the case of all other NEOs the payment is equal to 2 times the amount described below. The separation payment is a lump sum equal to either two or three times the sum of (a) the executives base salary plus (b) the greater of the executives actual bonus for the preceding year or his or her on-target bonus for the current year. This amount is reduced by any severance payment that executive receives under the severance program described above.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Flush (Regular) Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
The Company has the obligation to make a gross up payment to the executive if the amount of the payments under the change in control agreements is subject to an excise tax under Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. However, if a reduction of 5 percent in the separation payments to the executive would prevent them from being subject to the excise tax, the Company may reduce the payments up to 5 percent but only to the extent necessary to avoid the imposition of the excise tax.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Flush (Regular) Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
In order to receive the payments the NEO would be required to sign a non-competition agreement, committing to refrain from competing with the Company for a period equal to the number of years of compensation received by the NEO under the agreement.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Head Major Left Bold-TNR" FSL="Project"
Accelerated Vesting upon Death, Disability, Retirement or Change in Control
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Flush (Regular) Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
Various compensation plans contain provisions that permit accelerated vesting upon death, disability or change in control. In the event of a change in control, the Key Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, the Long-Term Incentive Plan, and the Executive Incentive Cash Bonus Plan provide for the acceleration of vesting and/or payment even if the NEO has not been terminated. These are so called single trigger payment provisions. The Long-Term Incentive Plan, Executive Incentive Cash Bonus Plan and Key Executive Deferred Compensation Plan each has provisions dealing with vesting upon death, disability or retirement. The definition of change in control for these plans after December 31, 2005 is the definition contained in Treasury Regulations for Section 409A of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Head Major Left Bold-TNR" FSL="Project"
Key Executive Deferred Compensation Plan
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Flush (Regular) Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
The Key executive Deferred Compensation Plan permits a participant to elect to have his or her account distributed immediately upon his death, disability, or termination of employment in addition to change in control. The plan also permits the Committee to distribute to the employee amounts deferred before December 31, 2005 in the event of his death, disability or termination of employment.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Head Major Left Bold-TNR" FSL="Project"
Long-Term Incentive Plan
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The Long-Term Incentive Plan provides that all unvested options and restricted stock units vest and become immediately exercisable in the event of a change in control. Options granted under the LTI Plan to the extent vested at the date of death, disability or retirement, remain exercisable for the lesser of 60 months or the balance of their original term. In all other cases the options terminate 90 days after a termination of employment. Restricted stock units granted in 2007 cliff vest 5 years after the date of grant. If an employee dies, becomes disabled or is terminated by the Company for reasons other than cause, his or her restricted stock units vest ratably determined by the number of months he or she has been with the Company after grant. If an employee retires the grant of restricted stock units will continue to vest over the original vesting period, provided the employee is available to provide 10 hours per quarter of consulting services and does not work for a competitor.
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29 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Potential Payments upon Termination, Death, Disability, Retirement or Change in Control Accelerated Vesting upon Death, Disability, Retirement or Change in Control (Continued)
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The Executive Incentive Cash Bonus Plan
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The Executive Incentive Cash Bonus Plan requires that an employee be employed by the Company on the last day of a fiscal year in order to be eligible to receive the Incentive Cash Bonus, with certain exceptions noted below. The plan provides that in the events of death, disability or retirement an employee does not need to be employed on the last day of the fiscal year in order to receive a bonus. The employees bonus will be reduced to reflect the portion of the year that he or she was employed by the Company. In the event of a change in control, the Incentive Cash Bonus is immediately vested (based upon EVA results achieved through the date of the change in control) and payable and is not reduced by virtue of the fact that it is calculated upon a partial year. The same provisions governing payment in the event of death, disability, retirement or change in control are also found in the bonus plan applicable to all other employees.
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Director Compensation
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The following Director Compensation table provides information on the compensation of each director for fiscal year 2007. The standard compensation of each director is $105,000. The audit committee chair receives an additional $10,000. All other committee chairs receive an additional $5,000. The chairman of the Board of Directors receives additional annual compensation of $305,000 and is eligible to participate in the Companys health insurance plan. Brian Walker, the Companys CEO, does not receive any additional compensation for serving on the Board of Directors.
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The annual retainer and chairperson fee (if appropriate) is payable by one or more of the following means, as selected by each director: (1) in cash; (2) in shares of our stock valued as of January 15 of each year; (3) credit under the Director Deferred Compensation Plan described below, with company common stock units valued as of January 15 of each year; (4) stock options valued as of January 15 of each year under the Black-Scholes Valuation Model; or (5) as a contribution to our company employee scholarship fund. Any director who does not meet the stock ownership guideline must take at least 50 percent of his or her fee in one of the permissible forms of equity.
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Stock Compensation Plan
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We have in effect a Stock Compensation Plan, approved and adopted by our shareholders, under which nonemployee officers and directors may be granted options to purchase shares of our stock if they elect to receive their compensation in stock options. Subject to certain exceptions, the options are not exercisable until 12 months after the date of grant and expire 10 years after the date of the grant. The option price is payable upon exercise in cash or, subject to certain limitations, in shares of our stock already owned by the optionee, or a combination of shares and cash.
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Deferred Compensation Plan
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We also maintain a Nonemployee Officer and Director Deferred Compensation Stock Purchase Plan. The Plan permits participants to defer receipt of all or a portion of the total annual retainer and Chairman of the Board and committee chair fees to his or her account under the plan expressed in stock units equivalent to shares of our stock.
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Stock Ownership Guidelines
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Director stock ownership guidelines have been in effect since 1997. These guidelines, like those of the management team, are intended to reinforce the importance of linking shareholder and director interests. Under these guidelines, beginning in 2000, each director is encouraged to reach a minimum level of share ownership having a value of at least three times the annual director retainer over a five-year period after first becoming a director.
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Other
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Directors are reimbursed for travel and other necessary business expenses incurred in the performance of their services for the Company, and they are covered under the Companys business travel insurance policies and under the Director and Officer liability insurance policy.
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30 2007 Proxy Statement
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Director Compensation (Continued)
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Perquisites
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Some Directors spouses accompany them to Board meetings. The Company pays for their expenses and for some amenities for the Directors and their spouses, including some meals and social events. The total of these perquisites is less than $10,000 per Director.~
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Director Compensation Table
| Name — Mary Vermeer Andringa | 100,000 | 70,800 | (4) | 5,000 | 175,800 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Douglas D. French | 100,000 | 30,954 | 5,000 | 135,954 | ||
| Lord Brian Griffiths of Fforestfach | 105,000 | 5,000 | 110,000 | |||
| J. Barry Griswell | 100,000 | 5,000 | 105,000 | |||
| John R. Hoke III | 47,500 | 52,500 | 5,000 | 105,000 | ||
| James R. Kackley | 50,000 | 62,500 | 30,954 | 2,500 | 145,954 | |
| C. William Pollard | 105,000 | 5,000 | 110,000 | |||
| Dorothy A. Terrell | 104,000 | 1,000 | 105,000 | |||
| David O. Ulrich | 107,317 | 3,000 | 110,317 | |||
| Michael A. Volkema (5) | 570,192 | 2,938 | 9,657 | 13,798 | 596,585 |
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| (1) | The
amounts shown in the Fees Earned or Paid in Cash column include
amounts which may be deferred under the Non-Employee Director Deferred
Compensation Plan. Amounts deferred are retained as units equal to shares
of stock under the plan. The plan permits non-employee directors to elect
to defer amounts which they would otherwise receive as director fees.
Amounts deferred are credited with earnings at the same rate as the
dividend on the Companys stock. Directors at the time of deferral
elect the deferral period. The units together with the earnings on the
units are converted to shares of the Companys common stock at the
end of the deferral period and are distributed to the director at the end
of the deferral period. |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | These
amounts reflect the expense recognized as compensation expense in fiscal
2007 for financial reporting purposes with respect to stock awards and
options, granted in fiscal 2007 and/or the prior year, in accordance with
FAS 123R except that the amounts do not reflect a reduction for estimated
forfeitures. The assumptions used in calculating these amounts are set
forth in Note 14 in the Companys consolidated financial statements
for the fiscal year ended June 2, 2007, included in our Annual Report on
Form 10-K. |
| (3) | The
Michael Volkema Scholarship fund awards college scholarships to children of
employees. All directors contributed a portion of their fees to the fund.
Mr. Volkemas Other Compensation includes $10,000 for the Scholarship
fund, $694 for group life insurance and $3,104 for the Company 401K match
during the time Mr. Volkema was an employee, see note (5) below. |
| (4) | Ms.
Andringa during the year received reload options as a result of her exercise
of options granted under the Non-employee Officer and Director Stock
Option Plan. |
| (5) | Mr.
Volkema was an employee of the Company until December 31, 2006. The amount
of compensation shown for him includes $170,192 received as an employee.
Beginning January 1, 2007 he is no longer an employee and receives only
his directors fees from the Company. |
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As of June 2, 2007, each Director had the following aggregate number of outstanding options:
| Name | |
|---|---|
| Mary Vermeer Andringa | 16,948 |
| Douglas D. French | 31,037 |
| Lord Brian Griffiths of Fforestfach | 31,605 |
| J. Barry Griswell | 0 |
| John R. Hoke III | 0 |
| James R. Kackley | 24,096 |
| C. William Pollard | 39,573 |
| Dorothy A. Terrell | 32,775 |
| David O. Ulrich | 77,276 |
| Michael A. Volkema | 0 |
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31 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Equity Compensation Plan Information
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As noted in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, we maintain certain equity compensation plans under which common stock is authorized for issuance to employees and directors in exchange for services. In addition, we maintain the Nonemployee Officer and Director Stock Option Plan, Long Term Incentive Plan, 2000 Employee Stock Option Plan, Employees Stock Purchase Plan, and various employee ownership and profit sharing plans under which common stock is authorized for issuance to employees and directors in exchange for services.
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The 2000 Employee Stock Option Plan is our only equity compensation plan under which common stock is authorized for issuance that has not been approved by our shareholders. Under the 2000 Employee Stock Option Plan, each full- or part-time employee of the company, or any U.S. or Canadian subsidiary, and certain foreign subsidiaries who was not eligible to participate in the Long-Term Incentive Plan, received a one-time, nontransferable grant of a nonqualified stock option to purchase 100 shares of our common stock, at fair market value of the shares on the grant date. The options were not exercisable until after one year of continuous employment from the grant date and remain exercisable until the earlier of 10 years after the grant date or three months after termination of employment (other than termination due to of retirement, disability, or death, which events allow for a longer exercise period). The Board is sensitive to dilution of shareholder interests resulting from the granting of stock options and therefore has allocated the options granted under this plan against the authorized shares available under the Long-term Incentive Plan.
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The following table sets forth certain information regarding the above referenced equity compensation plans as of June 2, 2007.
| (a) | | Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights — (b) | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under
equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) — (c) | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | 2,655,052 | $ 27.17 | 6,204,214 | (2) |
| Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders | 205,070 | $ 27.24 | | |
| Total | 2,860,122 | $ 27.18 | 6,204,214 | |
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| (1) | We
have not granted warrants or rights applicable to this chart. |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | The
number of shares remaining available for future issuance under our plans for
awards other than options is limited to 12 percent of the shares
authorized by shareholders. There are 620,660 shares remaining available
for future issuance for awards other than options. |
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32 2007 Proxy Statement
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Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
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Our directors and officers, as well as any person holding more than 10 percent of our common stock, are required to report initial statements of ownership of our securities and changes in such ownership to the Securities and Exchange Commission. Based upon written representations by each director and officer, all the reports were filed by such persons during the last fiscal year, except C. William Pollard who filed one late Form 4 that reported one transaction involving a fractional share.
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Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions
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During the past fiscal year, the Board of Directors adopted a Policy on Related Party Transactions. Under that Policy, with certain limited exceptions, all proposed transactions between the Company and one of its directors or officers or their respective affiliates are required to be reported to the Nominating and Governance Committee prior to entering into such a transaction. Management is obligated to provide that Committee with information relating to the terms and conditions of the proposed transaction, how it complies with the Policy, and if the proposed transaction is with a director, advise the Committee if the transaction would impact that directors status as an independent director. The Nominating and Governance Committee has the authority to determine whether the proposed transaction is exempt from approval or, if not, approve the transaction as compliant with the Policy or refer the matter to the Board of Directors. All approved or exempted transactions must be reported by the Committee to the full Board of Directors.
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In order to approve a transaction under the Policy, the Nominating and Governance Committee must determine that either (1) the dollar amount of the transaction and other transactions with the director during that year is less than $100,000, and, for any director that is a member of the Audit Committee, does not constitute a proscribed consulting, advisory, or other compensated fee, or (2) if the proposed transaction is for the acquisition of products or services and is either less than $100,000 or is subject to a bid process involving three or more competing parties, and the transaction is in the best interest of the Company and its shareholders, provided that (a) management determined that the proposed transaction will provide the best value for the Company, (b) the compensation is consistent with the proposals submitted by the other bidders, and (c) the director did not directly participate in the proposal process.
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J. Barry Griswell is the Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of Principal Financial Group, Inc. During fiscal 2007, management submitted a request to the Nominating and Governance Committee to approve a proposed transaction under which the Principal Financial Group would provide Family Medical Leave Act and short-term and long-term disability management work on behalf of the Company. Management, with the assistance of a third-party consultant, sent a request for a proposal to nine different companies to provide these services, formerly provided by management. Following the evaluation of bids submitted by a variety of vendors, management recommended that the work be performed by the Principal Financial Group due to its competitive advantages, including pricing. Mr. Griswell did not participate in the bid process or discuss the proposal with management of the Company. Based upon managements recommendation, the Committee determined that the proposed transaction was in the best interest of the Company and its shareholders and approved the proposed transaction. Under the terms of the transaction, Principal Financial Group will provide FMLA administration, short-term disability and long-term disability for a period of three years at an annual rate of approximately $1.5 million for each of the three years of the contract.
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33 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Submission of Shareholder Proposals for the 2008 Annual Meeting
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Shareholders wishing to submit proposals on matters appropriate for shareholder action to be presented at our 2008 annual meeting of shareholders may do so in accordance with Rule 14a-8 promulgated under the Exchange Act. For such proposals to be included in our proxy materials relating to our 2008 annual meeting of shareholders, all applicable requirements of Rule 14a-8 must be satisfied and such proposals must be received by us at our principal executive offices at 855 East Main Avenue, PO Box 302, Zeeland, Michigan 49464-0302, no later than April 24, 2008.
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For any proposal that is not submitted for inclusion in next years Proxy Statement, but is instead sought to be presented directly at the 2008 Annual Meeting, SEC rules permit management to vote proxies at its discretion if we: (1) receive notice of the proposal before the close of business on July 8, 2008, and advise shareholders in the 2008 Proxy Statement about the nature of the matter and how management intends to vote on such matter, or (2) do not receive notice of the proposal prior to the close of business on July 8, 2008. Notices of intention to present proposals at the 2008 annual meeting should be addressed to our Corporate Secretary, at our principal executive offices at 855 East Main Avenue, PO Box 302, Zeeland, Michigan 49464-0302.
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As of August 22, 2007, no proposals to be presented at the 2007 annual meeting had been received by us.
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Under our Bylaws, no business may be brought before an annual shareholder meeting unless it is specified in the notice of the meeting and included in the accompanying proxy materials, or as otherwise brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board or by a shareholder entitled to vote who has delivered written notice to us (containing certain information specified in the Bylaws about the shareholder and the proposed action) not less than thirty (30) days prior to the date of the originally scheduled meeting. If less than forty (40) days advance notice of the meeting is given, the notice must be received by us no later than the close of business on the tenth day following the date on which the notice of the scheduled meeting was first mailed to our shareholders.
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Miscellaneous
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The cost of the solicitation of proxies will be borne by us. In addition to the use of the mails, proxies may be solicited personally or by telephone or electronic means by a few of our regular employees. We may reimburse brokers and other people holding stock in their names or in the names of nominees for their expenses in sending proxy materials to the principals and obtaining their proxies.
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Our mailing for the fiscal year ended June 2, 2007, includes the Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials. A copy of the Notice of 2007 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and the 2007 Annual Financial Statements as well as the Proxy Statement and our Report on Form 10-K both filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission are available, without charge, upon written request from the Secretary of the company, 855 East Main Avenue, PO Box 302, Zeeland, Michigan 49464-0302.
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Shareholders are urged to vote promptly. Questions related to your holdings can be directed as follows:
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Computershare Investor Services, LLC, 250 Royall Street, Canton, Massachusetts 02021 Phone: 1 800 446 2617 inside the United States Phone: 1 781 575 2723 outside the United States http://www.computershare.com
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By Order of the Board of Directors Daniel C. Molhoek, Secretary to the Board August 22, 2007
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34 2007 Proxy Statement
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2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Available Information
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The companys annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports are made available free of charge through the Investors section of the companys internet website at www.hermanmiller.com, as soon as practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The companys filings with the SEC are also available for the public to read and copy in person at the SECs Public Reference Room at 100 F Street NE, Room 1024, Washington, DC 20549, by phone at 1-800-SEC-0330, or via their internet website at www.sec.gov.
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Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures
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As defined in Item 304 of Regulation S-K, there have been no changes in, or disagreements with, accountants during the 24-month period ended June 2, 2007.
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Table of Contents
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3 Share Price, Earnings, and Dividends Summary
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4 Review of Operations
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6 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
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23 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
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25 Quarterly Financial Data
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26 Consolidated Statements of Operations
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27 Consolidated Balance Sheets
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28 Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity
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29 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
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30 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
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56 Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
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57 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
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58 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Consolidated Financial Statements
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59 Board of Directors
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60 Leadership Team
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61 Shareholder Reference Information
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2 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Share Price, Earnings, And Dividends Summary
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Herman Miller, Inc., common stock is traded on the NASDAQ-Global Select Market System (Symbol: MLHR). As of July 30, 2007, there were approximately 24,200 shareholders of record of the companys common stock.
| Per Share and Unaudited | Market Price High (at close) | Market Price Low (at close) | Market Price Close | Earnings Per Share- Diluted (1) | Dividends Declared Per Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year Ended June 2, 2007 | |||||
| First quarter | $ 29.87 | $ 25.77 | $ 28.45 | $ 0.43 | $ 0.08000 |
| Second quarter | 36.83 | 27.67 | 35.40 | 0.56 | 0.08000 |
| Third quarter | 40.61 | 34.14 | 37.19 | 0.50 | 0.08000 |
| Fourth quarter | 37.84 | 33.27 | 36.53 | 0.50 | 0.08800 |
| Year | $ 40.61 | $ 25.77 | $ 36.53 | $ 1.98 | $ 0.32800 |
| Year Ended June 3, 2006 | |||||
| First quarter | $ 32.91 | $ 28.68 | $ 29.25 | $ 0.34 | $ 0.07250 |
| Second quarter | 30.83 | 26.88 | 30.71 | 0.40 | 0.07250 |
| Third quarter | 31.44 | 28.19 | 30.61 | 0.33 | 0.08000 |
| Fourth quarter | 32.54 | 29.14 | 30.34 | 0.38 | 0.08000 |
| Year | $ 32.91 | $ 26.88 | $ 30.34 | $ 1.45 | $ 0.30500 |
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(1) Sum of the quarters may not equal the annual balance due to rounding associated with the calculation of earnings per share on an individual quarter basis.
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Dividends were declared and paid quarterly during fiscal 2007 and 2006 as approved by the Board of Directors. While it is anticipated that the company will continue to pay quarterly cash dividends, the amount and timing of such dividends is subject to the discretion of the Board depending on the companys future results of operations, financial condition, capital requirements, and other relevant factors.
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Shareholder Return Performance Graph
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Set forth below is a line graph comparing the yearly percentage change in the cumulative total shareholder return on the Companys common stock with that of the cumulative total return of the Standard & Poors 500 Stock Index and the NASD Non-Financial Index for the five-year period ended June 2, 2007. The graph assumes an investment of $100 on June 1, 2002 in the companys common stock, the Standard & Poors 500 Stock Index and the NASD Non-Financial Index, with dividends reinvested.
| 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Herman Miller, Inc. | $ 100 | $ 83 | $ 104 | $ 129 | $ 133 | $ 162 |
| S&P 500 Index | $ 100 | $ 92 | $ 109 | $ 118 | $ 130 | $ 142 |
| NASD Non-Financial | $ 100 | $ 99 | $ 124 | $ 129 | $ 136 | $ 165 |
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Information required by this item is also contained in the Companys Proxy Statement for the Companys 2007 Annual Meeting of Shareholders under the heading Equity Compensation Plan Information, which information is incorporated herein by reference.
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3 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Review of Operations
| (In Millions, Except Key Ratios and Per Share Data) | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating Results | ||||||
| Net Sales (3) | $ 1,918.9 | $ 1,737.2 | $ 1,515.6 | $ 1,338.3 | $ 1,336.5 | |
| Gross Margin (3) | 645.9 | 574.8 | 489.8 | 415.6 | 423.6 | |
| Selling, General, and Administrative (3)(10) | 395.8 | 371.7 | 327.7 | 304.1 | 319.8 | |
| Design and Research (11) | 52.0 | 45.4 | 40.2 | 40.0 | 39.1 | |
| Operating Earnings | 198.1 | 157.7 | 121.9 | 61.2 | 48.3 | |
| Earnings Before Income Taxes | 187.0 | 147.6 | 112.8 | 51.6 | 35.8 | |
| Net Earnings | 129.1 | 99.2 | 68.0 | 42.3 | 23.3 | |
| Cash Flow from Operating Activities | 137.7 | 150.4 | 109.3 | 82.7 | 144.7 | |
| Depreciation and Amortization | 41.2 | 41.6 | 46.9 | 59.3 | 69.4 | |
| Capital Expenditures | 41.3 | 50.8 | 34.9 | 26.7 | 29.0 | |
| Common Stock Repurchased plus | ||||||
| Cash Dividends Paid | 185.6 | 175.4 | 152.0 | 72.6 | 72.7 | |
| Key Ratios | ||||||
| Sales Growth (Decline) (3) | 10.5 % | 14.6 % | 13.2 % | 0.1 % | (9.0 | )% |
| Gross Margin (1)(3) | 33.7 | 33.1 | 32.3 | 31.1 | 31.7 | |
| Selling, General, and Administrative (1)(3)(10) | 20.6 | 21.4 | 21.6 | 22.7 | 23.9 | |
| Design and Research Expense (1)(3)(11) | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 2.9 | |
| Operating Earnings (1)(3) | 10.3 | 9.1 | 8.0 | 4.6 | 3.6 | |
| Net Earnings Growth (Decline) | 30.1 | 45.9 | 60.8 | 81.5 | 141.6 | |
| After-Tax Return on Net Sales (3)(5) | 6.7 | 5.7 | 4.5 | 3.2 | 1.7 | |
| After-Tax Return on Average Assets (6) | 19.4 | 14.4 | 9.6 | 5.7 | 3.0 | |
| After-Tax Return on Average Equity (7) | 87.9 | 64.2 | 37.3 | 21.9 | 10.3 | |
| Share and Per Share Data (2) | ||||||
| Earnings per Share-Diluted | $ 1.98 | $ 1.45 | $ 0.96 | $ 0.58 | $ 0.31 | |
| Cash Dividends Declared per Share | 0.33 | 0.31 | 0.29 | 0.18 | 0.15 | |
| Book Value per Share at Year End | 2.47 | 2.10 | 2.45 | 2.71 | 2.62 | |
| Market Price per Share at Year End | 36.53 | 30.34 | 29.80 | 24.08 | 19.34 | |
| Weighted Average Shares Outstanding-Diluted | 65.1 | 68.5 | 70.8 | 73.1 | 74.5 | |
| Financial Condition | ||||||
| Total Assets (9) | $ 666.2 | $ 668.0 | $ 707.8 | $ 714.7 | $ 757.3 | |
| Working Capital (4) | 103.2 | 93.8 | 162.3 | 207.8 | 189.9 | |
| Current Ratio | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.7 | |
| Interest-Bearing Debt and Related Swap Agreements | 176.2 | 178.8 | 194.0 | 207.2 | 223.0 | |
| Shareholders' Equity | 155.3 | 138.4 | 170.5 | 194.6 | 191.0 | |
| Total Capital (8) | 331.5 | 317.2 | 364.5 | 401.8 | 414.0 |
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(1) Shown as a percent of net sales.
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(2) Retroactively adjusted to reflect a two-for-one stock split occurring in 1998.
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(3) Amounts for 1997-2000 were restated in 2001 to reflect reclassification of certain expenses.
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(4) Calculated using current assets less non-interest bearing current liabilities.
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(5) Calculated as net earnings divided by net sales.
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(6) Calculated as net earnings divided by average assets.
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(7) Calculated as net earnings divided by average equity.
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(8) Calculated as interest-bearing debt plus shareholders equity.
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(9) Amount for 2005 was restated in 2006 to reflect reclassifications between current assets and current liabilities.
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(10) Amount for 2005 and 2006 were restated to reflect 2007 classification.
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(11) Amount for 2006 was restated to reflect 2007 classification.
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4 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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| 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1998 | 1997 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $ 1,468.7 | $ 2,236.2 | $ 2,010.2 | $ | 1,828.4 | $ 1,773.0 | $ 1,543.8 | |
| 440.3 | 755.7 | 680.4 | 641.6 | 613.0 | 509.5 | ||
| 399.7 | 475.4 | 404.4 | 379.3 | 370.9 | 335.2 | ||
| 38.9 | 44.3 | 41.3 | 38.0 | 33.8 | 29.1 | ||
| (79.9 | ) | 236.0 | 234.7 | 224.3 | 208.3 | 130.7 | |
| (91.0 | ) | 225.1 | 221.8 | 229.9 | 209.5 | 125.9 | |
| (56.0 | ) | 140.6 | 139.7 | 141.8 | 128.3 | 74.4 | |
| 54.6 | 211.8 | 202.1 | 205.6 | 268.7 | 218.2 | ||
| 112.9 | 92.6 | 77.1 | 62.1 | 50.7 | 48.0 | ||
| 52.4 | 105.0 | 135.7 | 103.4 | 73.6 | 54.5 | ||
| 30.3 | 105.3 | 101.6 | 179.7 | 215.5 | 110.4 | ||
| (34.3 | )% | 11.2 % | 9.9 | % | 3.1 % | 14.8 % | 16.5 % |
| 30.0 | 33.8 | 33.8 | 35.1 | 34.6 | 33.0 | ||
| 27.3 | 21.3 | 20.1 | 20.7 | 20.9 | 21.7 | ||
| 2.6 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 1.9 | ||
| (5.4 | ) | 10.6 | 11.7 | 12.3 | 11.7 | 8.5 | |
| (139.8 | ) | 0.6 | (1.5 | ) | 10.5 | 72.4 | 62.1 |
| (3.8 | ) | 6.3 | 6.9 | 7.8 | 7.2 | 4.8 | |
| (6.3 | ) | 14.5 | 16.5 | 18.5 | 16.7 | 10.3 | |
| (18.2 | ) | 43.5 | 55.5 | 64.4 | 49.5 | 25.0 | |
| $ (0.74 | ) | $ 1.81 | $ 1.74 | $ | 1.67 | $ 1.39 | $ 0.77 |
| 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.13 | ||
| 3.45 | 4.63 | 3.76 | 2.63 | 2.66 | 3.12 | ||
| 23.46 | 26.90 | 29.75 | 20.19 | 27.69 | 17.88 | ||
| 75.9 | 77.6 | 80.5 | 84.8 | 92.0 | 96.1 | ||
| $ 788.0 | $ 996.5 | $ 941.2 | $ | 751.5 | $ 784.3 | $ 755.6 | |
| 188.7 | 191.6 | 99.1 | 55.5 | 77.2 | 135.7 | ||
| 1.8 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.4 | ||
| 235.1 | 259.3 | 225.6 | 147.6 | 130.7 | 127.4 | ||
| 263.0 | 351.5 | 294.5 | 209.1 | 231.0 | 287.1 | ||
| 498.1 | 610.8 | 520.1 | 356.7 | 361.7 | 414.5 |
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5 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
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You should read the issues discussed in Managements Discussion and Analysis in conjunction with the companys Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-K.
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Executive Overview
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We use problem-solving design and innovation to enhance the performance of human habitats worldwide, making our customers lives more productive, rewarding, delightful, and meaningful. We do this by providing high quality products and related knowledge services. At present, most of our customers come to us for work environments. Our primary products include furniture systems, seating, storage and material handling solutions, freestanding furniture, and casegoods. Our services extend from workplace and real estate strategy to furniture asset management. We recently launched two new ventures aimed at extending the Herman Miller brand into new market opportunities. The first of these is ConviaTM, a business which provides programmable electrical and data infrastructure for building interiors. We also introduced The Be CollectionTM; a suite of new products intended to further our reach into the work accessories market.
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Our primary domestic manufacturing operations are located in Michigan and Georgia. We also have a significant manufacturing presence in the United Kingdom, our largest marketplace outside the United States. In fiscal year 2007, we opened a new manufacturing operation in China.
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Our products are sold internationally through wholly-owned subsidiaries or branches in various countries including Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Australia, Singapore, China, India, and the Netherlands. Our products are offered elsewhere in the world primarily through independent dealerships.
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We manufacture our products using a system of lean manufacturing techniques collectively referred to as the Herman Miller Production System (HMPS). We strive to maintain efficiencies and cost savings by minimizing the amount of inventory on hand. Accordingly, production is order-driven with direct materials and components purchased as needed to meet demand. The standard lead time for the majority of our products is 10 to 20 days. As a result, the rate of our inventory turns is high. These combined factors could cause our inventory levels to appear relatively low in relation to sales volume.
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A key element of our manufacturing strategy is to limit fixed production costs by sourcing component parts from strategic suppliers. This strategy has allowed us to increase the variable nature of our cost structure while retaining proprietary control over those production processes that we believe provide us a competitive advantage. As a result of this strategy, our manufacturing operations are largely assembly based.
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Our business comprises various operating segments as defined by generally accepted accounting principles. These operating segments are determined on the basis of how we internally report and evaluate financial information used to make operating decisions and are organized by the various markets we serve. For external reporting purposes, we aggregate these operating segments as follows.
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North American Furniture Solutions Includes the business associated with the design, manufacture, and sale of furniture products for office and healthcare environments throughout the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
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Non-North American Furniture Solutions Includes the business associated with the design, manufacture, and sale of furniture products primarily for work-related settings outside North America.
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Other Includes our North American residential furniture business as well as other business activities such as Convia and startup businesses associated with the Herman Miller Creative Office and unallocated corporate expenses.
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Core Strengths
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We rely on the following core strengths in delivering workplace solutions to our customers.
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Problem-Solving Design and Innovation We are committed to developing aesthetically and functionally innovative new products and have a history of doing so. We believe our skills and experience in matching problem-solving design with the workplace needs of our customers provide us with a competitive advantage in the marketplace. An important component of our business strategy is to actively pursue a program of new product research, design, and development. We accomplish this through the use of an internal research and design staff as well as external design resources generally compensated on a royalty basis.
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Operational Excellence We were among the first in our industry to embrace the concepts of lean manufacturing. HMPS provides the foundation for all of our manufacturing operations. We are committed to continuously improving both product quality and production and operational efficiency.
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Building and Leading Networks We value relationships in all areas of our business. We consider our networks of innovative designers, owned and independent dealers, and suppliers to be among the most important competitive factors vital to the long-term success of our business.
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6 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Executive Overview (Continued)
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Channels of Distribution
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Our products and services are offered to most of our customers under standard trade credit terms between 30 and 45 days and are sold through the following distribution channels.
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Independent Contract Furniture Dealers and Licensees Most of our product sales are made to a network of independently owned and operated contract furniture dealerships doing business in many countries around the world. These dealers purchase our products and distribute them to end customers. We recognize revenue on product sales through this channel once our products are shipped and title passes to the dealer. Many of these dealers also offer furniture-related services, including product installation.
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Owned Contract Furniture Dealers At June 2, 2007, we owned 9 contract furniture dealerships, some of which have operations in multiple locations. The financial results of these owned dealers are included in our Consolidated Financial Statements. Product sales to these dealerships are eliminated as inter-company transactions from our consolidated financial results. We recognize revenue on these sales once products are shipped to the end customer and installation is substantially complete. We believe independent ownership of contract furniture dealers is generally, the best model for a financially strong distribution network. With this in mind, our strategy is to continue to pursue opportunities to transition our owned dealerships to independent owners. Where possible, our goal is to involve local managers in these ownership transitions.
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Direct Customer Sales We sometimes sell products and services directly to end customers without an intermediary (e.g. sales to the U.S. federal government). In most of these instances, we contract separately with a dealership or third-party installation company to provide sales-related services. We recognize revenue on these sales once products are shipped and installation is substantially complete.
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Independent Retailers Certain products are sold to end customers through independent retail operations. Revenue is recognized on these sales once products are shipped and title passes to the independent retailer.
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Challenges Ahead
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Like all businesses, we are faced with a host of challenges and risks. We believe our core strengths and values, which provide the foundation for our strategic direction, have us well prepared to respond to the inevitable challenges we will face in the future. While we are confident in our direction, we acknowledge the risks specific to our business and industry. Refer to Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for discussion of certain of these risk factors.
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Future Avenues of Growth
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We believe we are well positioned to successfully pursue our mission despite the risks and challenges we face. That is, we believe we can continue to improve the performance of human habitats worldwide. In pursuing our mission, we have identified the following as key avenues for our future growth.
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Primary Markets Capturing additional market share within our existing primary markets by offering superior solutions to customers who value space as a strategic tool
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Adjacent Markets Further applying our core skills in environments such as healthcare, higher education, and residential
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Developing Economies Expanding our geographic reach in areas of the world with significant growth potential New Markets Developing new products and technologies that serve new markets
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Industry Analysis
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The Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturers Association (BIFMA) is the trade association for the U.S. domestic office furniture industry. We closely monitor the trade statistics reported by BIFMA and consider them among the key indicators of industry-wide sales and order performance. We also analyze BIFMA statistical information over several quarters as a benchmark comparison against the performance of our domestic U.S. business. Finally, BIFMA regularly provides its members with industry forecast information, which we use internally as one of many considerations in our short- and long-range planning process.
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Discussion of Business Conditions
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Our fiscal year ended June 2, 2007 included 52 weeks of operations. By comparison, the year ended June 3, 2006 included 53 weeks of operations; the extra week was required to bring our fiscal reporting dates in line with the actual calendar months. We report an additional week of operations in our fiscal calendar approximately every six years for this reason. The fiscal year ended May 28, 2005 included a standard 52 weeks of operations.
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7 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Discussion of Business Conditions (Continued)
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Fiscal 2007 marked our third consecutive year of double-digit sales and net earnings growth. During the year we made continued progress toward many of our long-term strategic goals. While sales growth was seen across virtually all areas of our business in fiscal 2007, our Non-North American Furniture Solutions segment once again outpaced our business in North America. Our business outside North America has continued to become a larger proportion of our consolidated net sales, a fact we believe makes us a stronger, more deeply diversified company. This international growth has been driven by the expansion of our distribution footprint and investments in new products. In February of this year we opened a new manufacturing plant in China. This operation, combined with our fast growing network of independent dealers in the region, will serve customers within China and throughout Asia.
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Our strategic progress in fiscal 2007 was not limited to international sales growth. Market acceptance of our most recent systems product introductions, My Studio EnvironmentsTM and Vivo® Interiors, has exceeded our expectations, although we did incur higher than expected start-up costs related to these products. Our pursuit of new market opportunities led us to introduce The Be Collection, a suite of work accessories aimed at offering users more personalization and control within their work environments. We also launched Convia, a new building infrastructure technology which we believe offers significant potential for growth in an entirely new market.
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Direct material cost increases remained a challenge during much of fiscal 2007. While in some cases, these costs moderated during the second half of the year, particularly in the case of steel components, for the most part they remained above the levels in fiscal 2006. In response to these higher costs, we implemented a general price increase effective in February 2007. The price adjustment varied by product line and increased our commercial product list prices an average of 5 percent. This price change followed similar increases in each of the past two fiscal years, each of which averaged approximately 4 percent of list price. We have been successful in capturing a portion of general price increases in recent years. However, we expect the intense price competition in our industry to continue. Accordingly, our past success in capturing benefit from our price changes is not necessarily indicative of our ability to do so in the future.
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The general economic environment for our industry was positive throughout most of fiscal 2007, with office furniture consumption being bolstered by strong corporate profits, service sector employment, and non-residential construction rates. The outlook for the industry, however, looks somewhat mixed given current economic conditions. In its May 2007 domestic industry forecast, BIFMA noted that these key economic indicators are expected to moderate in the near-term. The forecast, which extends through calendar year 2008, indicates an expectation that industry sales and orders will continue to grow, though at a slower pace than in recent years.
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Financial Results
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The following is a comparison of our annual results of operations and year-over-year percentage changes for the periods indicated.
| (In Millions) | Fiscal 2007 | Fiscal 2006 | Fiscal 2005 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net Sales | $ 1,918.9 | 10.5 % | $ 1,737.2 | 14.6 % | $ 1,515.6 |
| Cost of Sales | 1,273.0 | 9.5 % | 1,162.4 | 13.3 % | 1,025.8 |
| Gross Margin | 645.9 | 12.4 % | 574.8 | 17.4 % | 489.8 |
| Operating Expenses | 447.8 | 7.4 % | 417.1 | 13.4 % | 367.9 |
| Operating Earnings | 198.1 | 25.6 % | 157.7 | 29.4 % | 121.9 |
| Net Other Expenses | 11.1 | 9.9 % | 10.1 | 11.0 % | 9.1 |
| Earnings Before Income Taxes | 187.0 | 26.7 % | 147.6 | 30.9 % | 112.8 |
| Income Tax Expense | 57.9 | 21.4 % | 47.7 | 6.7 % | 44.7 |
| Minority Interest, net of tax | | NA | 0.7 | 600.0 % | 0.1 |
| Net Earnings | $ 129.1 | 30.1 % | $ 99.2 | 45.9 % | $ 68.0 |
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Net Sales, Orders, and Backlog
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Fiscal 2007 Compared to Fiscal 2006 Consolidated net sales of $1,918.9 million in fiscal year 2007 increased $181.7 million from the prior year. This increase of 10.5 percent was driven by growth within both of our primary reportable business segments. The additional week in fiscal 2006 added approximately $31 million in net sales to that period. Excluding the impact of this additional week, the year-over-year growth in net sales between fiscal years 2006 and 2007 totaled approximately 12.5 percent.
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Despite intense price competition in all of our major market areas, we were able to capture some benefit in the current year from our recent price increases. We estimate between $24 million to $26 million of our fiscal 2007 sales growth is attributable to these pricing actions. The most recent of these general price increases became effective in February 2007 and we didnt begin to feel its positive impact on net sales until late in the fiscal year.
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8 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Financial Results (Continued)
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Consolidated net trade orders in fiscal 2007 totaled $1,967.0 million. This compares to orders of $1,765.7 million in fiscal 2006 and represents year-over-year growth of 11.4 percent. Excluding the extra week of operations in the prior year, order growth was 13.7 percent between periods.
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Average weekly order pacing was higher in the first half of fiscal 2007 than in the second half of the year. This trend reflects moderating demand in the North American contract furniture market, combined with the seasonality we typically experience in our order patterns. The seasonality is largely driven by the timing of the federal government fiscal year and the December holiday season. The backlog of unfilled orders at the end of fiscal 2007 totaled $288.0 million, an increase of 20.9 percent from the prior year of $238.2 million.
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During the first quarter of fiscal 2006, we completed the sale of two wholly-owned contract furniture dealershipsone based in New York City, New York, and another in Cleveland, Ohio. Another development in the first quarter of fiscal 2006 involved an independently-owned dealership we had previously consolidated as a Variable Interest Entity (VIE) under Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities (FIN 46(R)). Due to this dealerships improved financial condition, the owners were successful in obtaining outside bank financing. As a result, we were no longer required to include this VIE in our Consolidated Financial Statements.
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These dealership transitions affect our year-over-year comparisons. Net sales and trade orders from these dealers included in our fiscal 2006 financial results totaled approximately $10.7 million and $14.4 million, respectively. The financial results of these dealerships were not included in our Consolidated Financial Statements during fiscal 2007.
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BIFMA reported an estimated year-over-year increase in U.S. office furniture shipments of approximately 5.9 percent and orders of 5.0 percent for the twelve-month period ended May 2007. By comparison, net sales and order growth for our domestic U.S. business totaled approximately 7.8 percent and 8.5 percent, respectively. It is important to note that these growth percentages, both for our domestic U.S. business as well as the BIFMA amounts, include the impact of our extra week of operations in fiscal 2006. Taking this factor into consideration and the fact that 2006 dealer sales and orders were higher than 2007 because of VIEs included in 2006 as described above, we believe our net sales and order performance in fiscal 2007 indicates that we have been successful in capturing domestic U.S. market share.
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While the sales and order data for our U.S. operations provide a relative comparison to BIFMA, it is not intended to be an exact comparison. The actual data we report to BIFMA is done so in a manner consistent with the BIFMA definition of office furniture consumption. This definition differs slightly from the categorization we have presented in this report. Notwithstanding this difference, we believe our presentation provides the reader with a more relevant comparison.
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Fiscal 2006 Compared to Fiscal 2005 Net sales of $1,737.2 million in fiscal 2006 were 14.6 percent higher than our fiscal 2005 level. Excluding the impact of the extra week of operations in fiscal 2006, the year-over-year growth in net sales totaled approximately 12.6 percent. Similar to our performance in the most recent year (fiscal 2007), sales growth in fiscal 2006 varied across the majority of the markets we serve.
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Year-over-year increases in the level of price discounting occurred throughout fiscal 2006; however, this market pricing pressure was more than offset by benefits from our previously instituted general price increases. Our best estimate is that we were able to capture approximately 25 to 35 percent of the price increases, net of discounting, in both fiscal years 2006 and 2005.
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Trade orders in fiscal 2006 increased 15.1 percent over the fiscal 2005 level of $1,534.7 million. Excluding the extra week of operations, order growth between fiscal 2005 and 2006 was 12.8 percent. The backlog of unfilled orders at the end of fiscal 2006 was $238.2 million. This was an increase of 4.2 percent from the fiscal 2005 ending level of $228.6 million.
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The dealership transitions discussed above also affect the comparison of our fiscal 2006 and fiscal 2005 results. Net sales from these dealers included in our fiscal 2005 results totaled approximately $42.7 million and net trade orders in that year were approximately $47.6 million. The ending backlog for fiscal 2005 included approximately $16.4 million related to these dealers.
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Discussion of Business Segments
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Fiscal 2007 Compared to Fiscal 2006 Net sales within our North American Furniture Solutions segment increased 8.0 percent from $1,448.0 million in fiscal 2006 to $1,563.6 million in the current year. On a weekly-average basis (which adjusts for the extra week of operations in fiscal 2006) net sales in this segment were 10.1 percent higher than the prior year level. To varying degrees, this growth was experienced throughout the majority of our North American business operations. Of particular note is our business within the healthcare industry, which has continued to drive significant year-over-year percentage increases. This remains a key growth area within the segment, and we feel it presents a tremendous opportunity to capitalize on the boom in new construction within the healthcare industry. Sales at our Mexican subsidiary again reached double-digit growth over the prior year. Canadian sales, which increased over the prior year level during the first half of fiscal 2007, ended the full year approximately flat with 2006. Operating earnings in fiscal 2007 were $161.7 million, or 10.3 percent of net sales. This compares to $139.9 million or 9.7 percent in the prior year.
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9 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Financial Results (Continued)
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The most significant net sales increases within our consolidated business operations came, once again, from our Non-North American Furniture Solutions segment. We had year-over-year increases in net sales across all geographic regions except South America. Total net sales in the year of $278.5 million were up 28.4 percent from $216.9 million in fiscal year 2006. On a weekly-average basis, net sales in fiscal 2007 were 30.9 percent higher than the prior year. The Non-North American Furniture Solutions segment generated 14.5 percent of our consolidated net sales in fiscal 2007, compared to 12.5 percent in fiscal 2006. Our operations in the United Kingdom, the segments largest contributor to net sales and operating earnings, generated sales growth of 23.7 percent from the prior year. We also saw continued sales growth in continental Europe and are beginning to experience more activity in Eastern Europe as we expand our dealer network. Our results in the Asia Pacific region were particularly strong in fiscal 2007, with net sales increasing 61.6 percent from the prior year. As do many in our industry, we see a compelling business opportunity for further growth in Asia. We are extremely pleased with the progress we made this year in executing our Asian business strategy, including the startup of our new Chinese manufacturing facility, and the expansion of our independent dealer network in China and Japan. Operating earnings in fiscal 2007 within our Non-North American segment totaled $28.9 million, or 10.4 percent of net sales. This compares to $14.1 million or 6.5 percent last year.
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Net sales within the Other segment category were $76.8 million in fiscal 2007 compared to $72.3 million in the prior year. The increase was driven by the growth of our North American Home business. Sales in fiscal 2006 included net sales of $6.8 million from a VIE we had previously consolidated under the accounting provisions of FIN 46(R).
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Changes in currency exchange rates from the prior year affected the U.S. dollar value of net sales within both primary operating segments. We estimate these changes effectively increased our fiscal 2007 net sales within the North American Furniture Solutions segment by approximately $2 million. This was largely driven by the general weakening in the average U.S. dollar / Canadian dollar exchange rate during the current year. As for our Non-North American Furniture Solutions segment, exchange rate changes increased fiscal 2007 net sales by approximately $11 million. This increase was driven by favorable movements in the U.S. dollar / British Pound Sterling and U.S. dollar / Euro exchange rates as compared to last year. It is important to note that period-to-period changes in currency exchange rates have a directionally similar impact on our international cost structures. Operating earnings within our Non-North American business segment increased an estimated $2 million in fiscal 2007 due to changes in currency exchange rates relative to the prior year level. The estimated impact on operating earnings of our North American business segment was not significant in the current year.
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Fiscal 2006 Compared to Fiscal 2005 Business in our North American Furniture Solutions segment remained strong throughout fiscal 2006. Net sales for this segment totaled $1,448.0 million, compared to $1,262.8 million in fiscal 2005. This represents a 14.7 percent increase in net sales. On a weekly-average basis (adjusting for the extra week of operations in fiscal 2006) net sales in fiscal 2006 were 12.5 percent higher than the prior year. We experienced varying degrees of growth across the entire segment, with the largest gains coming from our core office environment and healthcare businesses.
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We posted net sales in our Non-North American Furniture Solutions segment of $216.9 million in fiscal 2006. The year-over-year increase in net sales within this segment totaled 13.3 percent, much of it driven by business in the United Kingdom, continental Europe, Australia, and Brazil. On a weekly-average basis, net sales in fiscal 2006 were 11.1 percent higher than the prior year. We achieved these increases despite downward pressure from currency exchange rates relative to fiscal 2005 levels. In particular, our year-over-year net sales comparison in this segment was affected by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the British Pound Sterling, Euro, and Japanese Yen. We estimate the change in currency exchange rates between fiscal years 2005 and 2006 effectively decreased the U.S. dollar-value of net sales in our Non-North American Furniture Solutions segment by approximately $8 million in fiscal 2006.
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On a consolidated basis, changes in foreign currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar had a minimal effect on our net sales in fiscal 2006 relative to fiscal 2005. This is because the adverse exchange rate movements within our Non-North American markets were offset, in large part, by the weakening of the U.S. dollar against the Canadian dollar. We estimate the year-over-year change in exchange rates effectively decreased the U.S. dollar-value of our consolidated net sales by approximately $0.1 million for fiscal 2006.
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The remainder of our report within Managements Discussion and Analysis focuses on what we believe to be the most significant factors affecting our consolidated financial results, without specific reference to the impact within individual
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10 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Financial Results (Continued)
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business segments. We believe discussion at this level provides the most meaningful basis for understanding the key drivers of our business performance. Refer to Note 20 for further information regarding the financial performance of our business segments in fiscal years 2007, 2006, and 2005.
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Percent of Net Sales Analysis
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The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the components of the companys Consolidated Statements of Operations as a percentage of net sales.
| June 2, 2007 | June 3, 2006 | May 28, 2005 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Net Sales | 100.0 % | 100.0 % | 100.0 % |
| Cost of Sales | 66.3 | 66.9 | 67.7 |
| Gross Margin | 33.7 | 33.1 | 32.3 |
| Selling, General, and | |||
| Administrative Expenses | 20.6 | 21.4 | 21.6 |
| Design and Research Expenses | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.7 |
| Total Operating Expenses | 23.3 | 24.0 | 24.3 |
| Operating Earnings | 10.3 | 9.1 | 8.0 |
| Net Other Expenses | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
| Earnings Before Income Taxes | 9.7 | 8.5 | 7.4 |
| Income Tax Expense | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.9 |
| Net Earnings | 6.7 % | 5.7 % | 4.5 % |
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Gross Margin
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Fiscal 2007 Compared to Fiscal 2006 Our fiscal 2007 gross margin improved 60 basis points from the prior year level. The leveraging of overhead expenses against higher net sales in the current year significantly contributed to this improvement. During fiscal 2007, direct material costs continued to pressure gross margin performance. These cost increases were, however, more than offset by the benefit captured through our recent general price increases. This market pricing, combined with continued manufacturing process improvements, drove a reduction in direct labor expenses on a percent-of-sales basis. The improvement in direct labor was achieved despite the implementation of wage increases in the current year first quarter and inefficiencies associated with the start-up of our most recent product introductions.
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As a percent-of-sales, direct material expenses increased 140 basis points from the fiscal 2006 level. The direct material content associated with the launch of one of our newest lines of systems furniture drove a significant amount of this increase. While these excess costs are typical in the initial years following product launch, the impact was exacerbated by customer demand that far outpaced our business plan for the year. Our efforts to keep pace with this demand drove additional cost into the supply chain.
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Market price inflation for key manufacturing inputs also contributed to the year-over-year increase in direct material costs. While the costs of these key commodities, particularly steel, plastics, aluminum, and wood particleboard, stabilized in the second half of fiscal 2007, they remain above the average price-points we experienced in 2006. In total, we estimate commodity cost increases added between $14 million and $16 million to our consolidated direct material expenses in fiscal 2007 compared to the prior year. We were able to offset some of this negative impact through efficiencies gained in connection with our engineering and supply management efforts under HMPS. Our pricing strategy, combined with our commitment to lean manufacturing principles, continue to be our primary means of addressing the financial impact of rising material costs.
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Despite an increase in manufacturing overhead expenses, we improved significantly on a percent-of-sales basis in fiscal 2007 versus the prior year. The expense increase was driven in part by the increase in net sales. We also incurred higher expenses in the current year for employee benefits such as retirement programs, medical and prescription drug coverage, and annual wage increases for indirect labor employees. Partially offsetting these year-over-year expense increases were lower incentive bonus expenses in the current year. Our incentive bonus program is based on a measure of improvement in economic profit from year-to-year as opposed to an absolute level of earnings in any one period. Based on our relative performance between periods, incentive bonus expenses recorded within Cost of Sales in fiscal 2007 were $2 million lower than the prior year.
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11 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Financial Results (Continued)
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Freight expenses, as a percentage of sales, decreased in relation to the prior year. We have continued to benefit from the efforts of our distribution team to consolidate shipments, increase trailer utilization, and engage the services of lower cost carriers. Additionally, our freight percentage was reduced due to the additional net sales captured as a result of the price increases.
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Fiscal 2006 Compared to Fiscal 2005 On a percent-of-sales basis, our fiscal 2006 gross margin improved 80 basis-points from the fiscal 2005 level. Benefits from the realization of price increases and improvements in overhead and direct labor drove much of the increase. However, these favorable factors were partially offset by higher material and freight costs.
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While actual dollar spending increased in fiscal 2006, manufacturing overhead, as a percentage of sales, improved significantly between periods. This was due to leverage gained against higher net sales. The higher expenses were primarily related to medical benefits, pension, incentive compensation, utilities, and other items that vary with sales volume. The combined expenses related to pension and incentive compensation alone for fiscal 2006 increased $10.2 million over the fiscal 2005 level.
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Direct labor, as a percentage of sales, improved between fiscal 2005 and 2006 as a result of increased operational efficiencies and leverage gained on higher production levels.
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Direct material expenses increased sharply between fiscal 2005 and 2006. The key commodities which drove the bulk of the increase were aluminum, plastics, and particleboard. Despite these increases, material costs as a percentage of net sales increased only slightly in fiscal 2006. This was mainly due to the net benefit realized during the year from price increases.
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Freight costs, as a percentage of sales, increased approximately 50 basis-points in fiscal 2006 due to higher fuel prices and the mix of shipments to higher-cost freight zones.
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Operating Expenses
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Fiscal 2007 Compared to Fiscal 2006 Operating expenses in fiscal 2007 were $447.8 million, or 23.3 percent of net sales, compared to $417.1 million, or 24.0 percent of net sales in the prior fiscal year. This represents a year-over-year increase of $30.7 million or 7.4 percent. Our fiscal 2006 operating expenses included approximately $3.5 million in additional compensation costs associated with the extra week of operations. We also incurred expenses totaling approximately $2.4 million in the prior year first quarter relating to the three dealerships that were transitioned in that period. Excluding these amounts, the comparable year-over-year increase in operating expenses was $37.1 million or 9.0 percent.
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A significant proportion of this increase is attributed to expenses such as designer royalties and selling-related costs, which vary with net sales. Our portfolio of new product launches at the start of fiscal 2007 drove an increase in program marketing expenses relative to the prior year. We estimate that approximately $18 million of the year-over-year increase in operating expenses resulted from higher spending on incremental employee compensation (including stock-based compensation programs), retirement, and health benefits. Increased expenses related to charitable contributions account for $2.9 million of the year-over-year increase. We also incurred higher operating expenses during fiscal 2007 related to our new market expansion efforts. Specifically, the opening of our manufacturing operation in China and the launch of two new business ventures, Convia and The Be CollectionTM, contributed to the increase.
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Year-over-year changes in currency exchange rates had an inflationary impact on the operating expenses associated with our international operations, as measured in U.S. dollars. We estimate these changes increased our consolidated operating expenses in fiscal 2007 by approximately $3.1 million relative to the prior year.
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Fiscal 2006 operating expenses included a pre-tax charge totaling $1.4 million related to a long-term lease arrangement in the United Kingdom. Additional information on this lease arrangement can be found in Note 19.
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Pretax compensation expenses associated with our stock-based compensation programs, the majority of which is classified within operating expenses, totaled $4.9 million in fiscal 2007. This compares to $2.6 million in fiscal 2006. The increase over the prior year is the result of our adoption of SFAS No. 123, Share-Based Payment (SFAS 123(R)) in the first quarter of fiscal 2007. Additional information on this accounting standard, including our method of transition and prior accounting practice, can be found in Note 14.
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Design and research costs included in total operating expenses were $52.0 million and $45.4 million in fiscal 2007 and 2006, respectively. These expenses include royalty payments to the designers of our products. We consider such royalty payments, which totaled $9.9 million and $8.7 million in fiscal years 2007 and 2006, respectively, to be variable costs of the products being sold. Accordingly, we do not include them in research and development costs as discussed in Note 1.
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12 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Financial Results (Continued)
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Fiscal 2006 Compared to Fiscal 2005 As a percentage of net sales, operating expenses in fiscal 2006 declined 30 basis-points from the fiscal 2005 level due to improved operating leverage against higher sales dollars. Total dollar spending in fiscal 2006 was, however, $49.2 million higher than the fiscal 2005 level.
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During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2005 we recorded a significant reserve adjustment, which resulted in a reduction to our fiscal 2005 operating expenses. In April 2005, we reported that we had reached a settlement with the General Services Administration (GSA) concerning a prior audit of the 1988 to 1991 multiple award schedule contract. In light of the settlement, which required us to pay the GSA $0.5 million, we reevaluated our balance sheet reserves related to all GSA contract periods. As a result of this evaluation, we made the determination that these reserves should be reduced. Accordingly, during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2005, we recorded an adjustment to the reserves, which reduced our pre-tax operating expenses by approximately $13.0 million. Approximately $7.0 million of this adjustment related to the elimination of the remaining reserves, beyond the amount of the settlement, allocable to the 1988 to 1991 contract period. The remainder of the adjustment related to our reevaluation of required reserves for open contract periods that had not yet been subject to audit.
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The dealership transitions that occurred in the first quarter of fiscal 2006 had a significant impact on the year-over-year operating expense comparison. Our fiscal 2006 results reflect approximately $2.4 million in operating expenses associated with these dealers. By comparison, our fiscal 2005 operating expenses included $14.7 million related to these transitioned dealers.
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Excluding the comparative impact of the dealership transitions and fiscal 2005 GSA reserve adjustment, operating expenses in fiscal 2006 were approximately $48.5 million higher than in fiscal 2005.
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The majority of the increased operating expenses between fiscal 2005 and 2006 resulted from higher variable selling costs tied to the increase in sales volume. Incentive compensation, product warranty, pension, medical insurance, legal, marketing, new product development, and charitable donation expenses also contributed to the increase. Specifically, combined expenses in fiscal 2006 related to incentive compensation, pension, and donations increased $14.5 million over the fiscal 2005 level.
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The increase in warranty expenses between fiscal 2005 and 2006 was mainly driven by the increase in net sales for the period. In addition, a portion of the increase was due to the establishment of liabilities for specific warranty matters that became known during the year. The majority of these matters related to products manufactured prior to the implementation of our current quality testing protocol. Refer to Note 19 for further information regarding product warranty.
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The increase in legal expenses between fiscal 2005 and 2006 was partially due to costs incurred in defending our intellectual property assets. We also incurred expenses during fiscal 2006 in establishing our legal trading structure in mainland China. Additionally, during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2006, we established an estimated liability associated with the previously disclosed New York Attorney General investigation regarding the minimum advertised price program maintained by our Herman Miller for the Home division. For further information regarding pending legal contingencies, refer to Note 19.
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We estimate the year-over-year change in exchange rates effectively decreased the U.S. dollar value of our international operating expenses by $0.8 million in fiscal 2006 relative to fiscal 2005.
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Design and research costs included in operating expenses totaled $40.2 million in fiscal 2005. This amount includes designer royalty expenses of $7.5 million.
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As discussed above, our fiscal 2006 operating expenses included a pre-tax charge totaling $1.4 million related to a long-term lease arrangement in the United Kingdom.
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Operating Earnings
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Fiscal 2007 operating earnings were $198.1 million. This is an increase of 25.6% from our fiscal 2006 level of $157.7 million. As a percentage of net sales, operating earnings in fiscal 2007 totaled 10.3 percent, representing a 120 basis-point improvement over the prior year. In fiscal year 2005, we reported operating earnings of $121.9 million or 8.0 percent of net sales.
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Other Expenses and Income
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Net other expenses totaled $11.1 million in fiscal 2007 compared to $10.1 million in the prior year and $9.1 million in fiscal 2005. The increase in expense between fiscal 2006 and 2007 was principally driven by lower interest income in the currentyear due to a reduction in our average cash and cash equivalents balance between periods. Additionally, the net foreign currency transaction gain in fiscal 2007 was less than $0.1 million compared to a net gain of $0.3 million last year.
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13 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Financial Results (Continued)
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The year-over-year increase in net other expenses between fiscal years 2005 and 2006 resulted primarily from two dealership transactions in fiscal 2005. During the first quarter of that year, we recorded a pre-tax gain of $0.5 million related to the ownership transition of a previously consolidated VIE. Also during the first quarter of fiscal 2005, we acquired certain assets and liabilities of an independent contract furniture dealership. In doing so, we recognized a pre-tax gain of $0.4 million due to the reversal of a financial guarantee liability. These gains were reflected as a reduction to net other expenses in fiscal 2005.
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Foreign currency transactions recorded during fiscal 2005 resulted in a net gain of $0.2 million.
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Income Taxes
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Our effective tax rate was 31.0 percent in fiscal 2007 versus 32.3 percent in fiscal 2006. The current year effective rate was below the statutory rate of 35 percent primarily due to $4.3 million in tax credits for foreign taxes, other credits for R&D activities, and tax incentives for export sales and domestic manufacturing. The effective rate in fiscal 2006 was lower than the statutory rate due mainly to tax benefits from R&D activities, tax incentives for export sales and domestic manufacturing, and certain adjustments to recognize certain foreign deferred tax assets.
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Our effective tax rate in fiscal 2005 was 39.6 percent. The fiscal 2005 effective rate was higher than the statutory rate due primarily to a $4.4 million tax charge, recorded in the fourth quarter of that year, related to our planned cash repatriation under the American Jobs Creations Act of 2004 (AJCA). During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2005, we also recorded tax adjustments driven by tax law changes, as well as other federal, state, and international accrual adjustments.
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We expect our effective tax rate for fiscal 2008 to be between 32 and 34 percent. For further information regarding income taxes, refer to Note 15.
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Net Earnings
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Net earnings and diluted earnings per share in fiscal 2007 were $129.1 million and $1.98, respectively. This compares to our fiscal 2006 net earnings and diluted earnings per share of $99.2 million and $1.45, respectively. In fiscal 2005, we generated net earnings of $68.0 million or $0.96 per diluted share. Earnings per share in fiscal 2005 included income of approximately $0.12 per share, net of taxes, from the adjustment to GSA reserves as previously discussed. In addition, net earnings in fiscal 2005 were reduced by approximately $0.06 per diluted share from taxes related to our then anticipated cash repatriation under the AJCA.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
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The table below presents certain key cash flow and capital highlights for the fiscal years indicated.
| (In Millions) — Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | 2007 — $ 76.4 | 2006 — $ 106.8 | 2005 — $ 154.4 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short term investments, end of period | $ 15.9 | $ 15.2 | $ 13.9 | |||
| Cash generated from operating activities | $ 137.7 | $ 150.4 | $ 109.3 | |||
| Cash used for investing activities | $ (37.4 | ) | $ (47.6 | ) | $ (40.1 | ) |
| Cash used for financing activities | $ (131.5 | ) | $ (151.4 | ) | $ (106.6 | ) |
| Pension and post-retirement benefit plan contributions | $ (7.6 | ) | $ (26.3 | ) | $ (27.3 | ) |
| Capital expenditures | $ (41.3 | ) | $ (50.8 | ) | $ (34.9 | ) |
| Stock repurchased and retired | $ (164.9 | ) | $ (155.1 | ) | $ (131.6 | ) |
| Interest-bearing debt, end of period (1) | $ 176.2 | $ 178.8 | $ 194.0 | |||
| Available unsecured credit facility, end of period (2) | $ 136.9 | $ 136.8 | $ 137.2 |
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(1) Amounts shown include the fair market value of the companys interest rate swap arrangements. The net fair value of these arrangements was $(1.8) million at June 2, 2007, $(2.2) million at June 3, 2006, and negligible at May 28, 2005.
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(2) Amounts shown are net of outstanding letters of credit, which are applied against the companys unsecured credit facility, excluding the $50 million accordion feature disclosed in Note 9.
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14 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Financial Results (Continued)
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Cash FlowOperating Activities
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Cash generated from operating activities in fiscal 2007 totaled $137.7 million compared to $150.4 million in the prior year. Changes in working capital balances resulted in a $37.0 million use of cash in the current fiscal year compared to a $20.4 million source of cash in the prior year.
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The majority of the working capital investment in fiscal 2007 related to increases in inventory and accounts receivable. The significant growth within our Non-North American Furniture Solutions segment resulted in a substantial increase in both inventory and accounts receivable over the past year. The opening of our manufacturing operation in China was a contributing factor to the inventory increase as was the general growth in sales activity across our international regions. The accounts receivable balances within this segment tend to have a longer cash collection cycle than we experience in North America. As sales within this segment grow in proportion to the total business, we expect to see a corresponding increase in the absolute aging of our receivable balances.
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Another contributing factor to the working capital investment during fiscal 2007 relates to our business with the U.S. federal government. Order activity with the federal government increased significantly during the year, particularly during the first and second quarters. These sales generally require a longer cash collection cycle than do sales to independent contract furniture dealers. Accordingly, we experienced a related increase in accounts receivable. Inventory levels have also been affected by this growth in federal government business, since we are generally required to hold product in inventory longer than with non-government business. This extended inventory holding period is necessary to be consistent with our revenue recognition policy for direct customer sales.
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The source of working capital cash flow in fiscal 2006 resulted principally from an increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities, namely employee compensation and warranty accruals. This was partially offset by volume-related increases in accounts receivable and inventory levels.
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In fiscal year 2005, cash flows from operating activities totaled $109.3 million. Changes in working capital balances in that fiscal year resulted in a net source of cash of $21.4 million. This was driven by increases in accounts payable and accrued liabilities for employee compensation, other employee benefits, and income taxes. Partially offsetting these favorable balance changes were volume-related increases during the year in inventory and accounts receivable.
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Collections of accounts receivable remained strong throughout the year, and we believe our recorded accounts receivable valuation allowances at the end of fiscal 2007 are adequate to cover the risk of potential bad debts. Allowances for non-collectible accounts receivable, as a percent of gross accounts receivable, totaled 2.5, 2.8, and 3.2 percent at the end of fiscal years 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively. The reduction in these percentages over this time period was driven by a general improvement in the quality of our aged receivable balances.
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Included in operating cash flows are cash contributions made to our employee pension and post-retirement benefit plans which totaled $7.6 million, $26.3 million, and $27.3 million in fiscal years 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively. For further information regarding the companys pension and post-retirement benefit plans, including information relative to the funded status of these plans, refer to Note 12.
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Cash FlowInvesting Activities
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Capital expenditures totaled $41.3 million in fiscal 2007 and $50.8 million in the prior fiscal year. The higher spending last year was driven by the large number of new product introductions and the construction of an office and showroom facility in the United Kingdom. Cash outflows for investing activities in fiscal 2005 included capital expenditures of $34.9 million. At the end of fiscal 2007, we had outstanding commitments for future capital purchases of approximately $7.7 million. We expect capital spending in fiscal 2008 to be between $55 million and $65 million.
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During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007, we completed the sale of a facility located in Canton, Georgia. This facility was exited during fiscal 2004 and, since that time, has been listed for sale. At the end of fiscal 2006, the related assets were classified in the Consolidated Balance Sheet under the caption, Net Property and Equipment, at a net carrying value of $7.5 million. Proceeds received in connection with the sale of this facility during fiscal 2007 totaled $7.5 million and are reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows as Proceeds from sales of property and equipment.
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Included in our fiscal 2007 investing activities is a $3.5 million outflow related to the acquisition of a technology company. The purchase of this company is intended to provide enhanced functionality to the existing product portfolio under our recently launched Convia subsidiary. In the first quarter of fiscal 2005, cash flows from investing activities included a payment of $0.7 million related to the acquisition of certain assets and liabilities of a contract furniture dealership based in Oklahoma. These acquisitions are discussed further in Note 2.
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As previously discussed, we sold two wholly-owned contract furniture dealerships during the first quarter of fiscal 2006. Proceeds received in connection with these sales, which had the effect of increasing cash flows from investing activities, totaled $2.1 million.
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15 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Financial Results (Continued)
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Net cash received from the repayment of notes receivable in fiscal 2006 related primarily to a payment received from a contract dealership previously consolidated under FIN 46(R). As mentioned earlier in this report, this VIE was able to obtain financing with an outside bank and, therefore, was able to repay a large portion of its debt owed to us during the first quarter of fiscal 2006.
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Cash FlowFinancing Activities
| (In Millions, Except Share and Per Share Data) | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shares acquired | 5,116,375 | 5,124,306 | 4,877,832 |
| Cost of shares acquired | $ 164.9 | $ 155.1 | $ 131.6 |
| Average cost per share acquired | $ 32.23 | $ 30.27 | $ 26.98 |
| Shares issued | 2,001,348 | 1,572,769 | 2,712,842 |
| Average price per share issued | $ 25.19 | $ 23.50 | $ 23.91 |
| Cash dividends paid | $ 20.7 | $ 20.3 | $ 20.4 |
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Share repurchases were the most significant factor affecting cash outflows from financing activities during the past three fiscal years. Our Board of Directors approved a new share repurchase authorization of $100 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007. Including this most recent approval, the amount remaining under our share repurchase authorizations at the end of fiscal 2007 totaled $138.1 million.
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Our Board of Directors also increased the rate of our quarterly cash dividend in each of the last two fiscal years. The first of these increases was in the third quarter of fiscal 2006 and allowed for an approximate 10 percent increase in the quarterly rate. The second Board approval, which provided for a 10 percent rate increase, was granted in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007. This most recent increase brought our quarterly cash dividend to $0.088 per share.
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Interest-bearing debt at the end of fiscal 2007 of $176.2 million decreased $2.6 million from $178.8 million at the end of fiscal 2006. The decrease related primarily to a scheduled $3.0 million payment we made during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007 on our private placement notes. This payment was partially offset by a $0.4 million increase in the fair value of our interest rate swap instruments. Debt repayments made during fiscal 2006 totaled $13.0 million. Our next scheduled repayment is for $3.0 million to be made in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008.
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The combined fair values of our interest rate swap arrangements, as further described in Note 17, was negative $1.8 million at the end of fiscal 2007 compared to negative $2.2 million at the end of fiscal 2006. The fair values of these swap arrangements change based on fluctuations in market interest rates. Such changes are not included in net earnings of the related period. Instead, they are reflected as adjustments to our consolidated assets and/or liabilities. At the end of fiscal 2007, the portion of our total interest-bearing debt that was effectively converted to a variable-rate basis through our swap arrangements was $53.0 million. These interest rate swaps had the effect of increasing total interest expense by $0.6 million and $0.3 million in fiscal years 2007 and 2006, respectively. Conversely, during fiscal 2005, the swaps resulted in a net interest expense reduction of approximately $1.1 million.
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During the first quarter of fiscal 2005, we paid off $1.5 million of notes payable associated with one of the VIEs initially consolidated under FIN 46(R) as further described in Note 3.
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The only usage against our unsecured revolving credit facility at the end of fiscal years 2007 and 2006 represented outstanding standby letters of credit totaling $13.1 million and $13.2 million, respectively. The provisions of our private placement notes and unsecured credit facility require that we adhere to certain covenant restrictions and maintain certain performance ratios. We were in compliance with all such restrictions and performance ratios during fiscal 2007 and expect to remain in compliance in the future.
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Partially offsetting the effects of our share repurchases, dividend payments, and debt payments was cash received related to stock-based benefit plans. During fiscal 2007, we received $50.4 million from the issuance of shares in connection with these plans. By comparison, we received $37.0 million and $59.9 million from the issuance of shares in fiscal 2006 and fiscal 2005, respectively.
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16 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Financial Results (Continued)
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At the end of fiscal year 2005, we reported our plan to take advantage of the one-time tax deduction related to the repatriation of undistributed foreign earnings under the AJCA. During the first quarter of fiscal 2006, we repatriated approximately $35 million of undistributed earnings from certain of our foreign entities. An additional $9 million of undistributed foreign earnings was repatriated during the second quarter of fiscal 2006. Our dividend reinvestment plan required these funds to be used for capital purchases and investment in research and development.
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We believe cash on hand, cash generated from operations, and our borrowing capacity will provide adequate liquidity to fund near term and future business operations and capital needs.
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Contingencies
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As previously reported, the company has received a subpoena from the New York Attorney Generals office requesting certain information relating to the minimum advertised price program maintained by the Herman Miller for the Home division. In connection with this matter, the New York Attorney Generals office has taken depositions of current and former employees of the company and certain dealers. The company and the New York Attorney Generals office have had preliminary discussions regarding possible methods of resolving the matter. The company has reserved its best estimate of a potential amount to resolve this matter. The accrued amount is not material to the companys consolidated financial position.
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The company leases a facility in the UK under an agreement that expires in March 2008. Under the terms of the lease, the company is required to perform the maintenance and repairs necessary to address the general dilapidation of the facility over the lease term. The ultimate cost of this provision to the company is dependent on a number of factors including, but not limited to, the future use of the facility by the lessor and whether the company chooses and is permitted to renew the lease term. The company has estimated the cost of these maintenance and repairs to be between $0 and $3 million, depending on the outcome of future plans and negotiations. Based on existing circumstances, it is estimated that these costs will most likely approximate $0.5 million. As a result, this amount has been recorded as a liability reflected under the caption Other Liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 2, 2007, and June 3, 2006.
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In May 1996, the company assigned its rights as lessee of a UK facility to a third party under an agreement that contained a provision granting the third party the right to re-assign the lease to the company after 10 years, at its election. During fiscal 2006, the company was notified by the third party that it is no longer using the space and intends to exercise the re-assignment option. The original lease term expires in May 2014. The company believes it will be able to assign or sublet the lease for the majority of the remaining lease term to another tenant at current market rates. However, current market rates for comparable office space are lower than the rental payments owed under the lease agreement. As such, the company would remain liable to pay the difference. As a result, the company recorded a pre-tax charge of $1.4 million in fiscal 2006 for the expected loss under the arrangement. The corresponding impact of this charge on fiscal 2006 net earnings was $0.9 million, net of a $0.5 million tax benefit, or approximately $0.01 per diluted share. As of June 2, 2007 and June 3, 2006, the future cost of this arrangement was estimated to be $1.4 million. Accordingly this amount is reflected within Other Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of these dates.
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The company is also involved in legal proceedings and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. It is the companys opinion that the outcome of such proceedings and litigation currently pending will not materially affect its Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Basis of Presentation
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The companys fiscal year ends on the Saturday closest to May 31. The year ended June 2, 2007 (Fiscal year 2007) included 52 weeks of operations. In contrast, fiscal year 2006, which ended on June 3, 2006, included 53 weeks of operations. The year ended May 28, 2005 was comprised of 52 weeks. This is the basis upon which all of the above weekly-average data is presented. The extra week in fiscal 2006 was required to realign our fiscal calendar with the actual calendar months. This is required approximately every six years.
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17 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
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Contractual Obligations
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Contractual obligations associated with our ongoing business and financing activities will result in cash payments in future periods. The following table summarizes the amounts and estimated timing of these future cash payments. Further information regarding debt obligations can be found in Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Likewise, further information related to operating leases can be found in Note 11.
| (In Millions) | Total | Payments due by fiscal year — 2008 | 2009-2010 | 2011-2012 | Thereafter |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Long-term debt (1)(7) | $ 178.0 | $ 3.0 | $ | $ 175.0 | $ |
| Estimated interest on debt obligations (2) | 49.2 | 13.1 | 25.9 | 10.2 | |
| Operating leases | 64.7 | 18.8 | 24.1 | 12.6 | 9.2 |
| Purchase obligations (3) | 39.2 | 38.4 | 0.7 | 0.1 | |
| Pension plan funding (4) | 4.8 | 4.8 | | | |
| Shareholder dividends (5)(7) | 5.5 | 5.5 | | | |
| Other (6)(7) | 11.4 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 5.0 |
| Total | $ 352.8 | $ 85.5 | $ 52.8 | $ 200.3 | $ 14.2 |
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(1) Amounts indicated do not include the recorded fair value of interest rate swap instruments.
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(2) Estimated future interest payments on our outstanding debt obligations are based on interest rates as of June 2, 2007. Actual cash outflows may differ significantly due to changes in underlying interest rates and timing of principal payments.
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(3) Purchase obligations consist of non-cancelable purchase orders and commitments for goods, services, and capital assets.
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(4) Pension funding commitments are defined as the estimated minimum funding requirements to be made in the following 12-month period. As of June 2, 2007, the total accumulated benefit obligation for our domestic and international employee pension benefit plans was $344.0 million.
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(5) Represents the recorded dividend payable as of June 2, 2007. Future dividend payments are not considered contractual obligations until declared.
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(6) Other contractual obligations represent long-term commitments related to deferred and supplemental employee compensation benefits, minimum designer royalty payments, and scheduled commitments related to the acquisition of intellectual property rights.
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(7) Total balance is reflected as a liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at June 2, 2007.
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
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Guarantees
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We provide certain guarantees to third parties under various arrangements in the form of product warranties, loan guarantees, standby letters of credit, lease guarantees, performance bonds, and indemnification provisions. These arrangements are accounted for and disclosed in accordance with FIN 45, Guarantors Accounting and Disclosure Requirement for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others as described in Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Variable Interest Entities
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On occasion, we provide financial support to certain independent dealers in the form of term loans, lines of credit, and loan guarantees. At June 2, 2007 and June 3, 2006, we were not considered the primary beneficiary of any such dealer relationships as defined by FASB Interpretation No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities (FIN 46(R)) and therefore, no entities were included as VIEs as of these dates.
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The risks and rewards associated with our interests in these dealerships are primarily limited to our outstanding loans and guarantee amounts. As of June 2, 2007 and June 3, 2006, our maximum exposure to potential losses related to outstanding loans to these dealerships totaled $4.0 million and $4.6 million, respectively. Information on our exposure related to outstanding loan guarantees provided to such entities is included in Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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During fiscal 2006, a qualifying triggering event occurred with a previously consolidated VIE which resulted in reconsideration under FIN 46(R). Based on this reconsideration, it was determined we were no longer considered the primary beneficiary. As such, we ceased consolidation of the independent dealership in the first quarter of fiscal 2006. Net earnings in the first quarter of fiscal 2006 were not significantly affected by the consolidation of this VIE. This is because the net earnings of the VIE were primarily attributed to, and therefore offset by, minority interest of $0.7 million.
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During fiscal 2005, a qualifying triggering event occurred with a previously consolidated VIE which resulted in reconsideration under FIN 46(R). Based on this reconsideration, it was determined that we were no longer considered the primary beneficiary. As such, we recorded the ownership transition and ceased consolidation of the dealership in the first quarter of fiscal 2005. This resulted in a pre-tax gain of $0.5 million, which we recorded as Other Expenses (Income) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Refer to Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on FIN 46(R).
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18 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)
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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
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Our goal is to report financial results clearly and understandably. We follow U.S. generally accepted accounting principles in preparing our Consolidated Financial Statements, which require us to make certain estimates and apply judgments that affect our financial position and results of operations. We continually review our accounting policies and financial information disclosures. These policies and disclosures are reviewed at least annually with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. Following is a summary of our more significant accounting policies that require the use of estimates and judgments in preparing the financial statements.
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Revenue Recognition
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As described in the Executive Overview, the majority of our products and services are sold through one of four channels: Independent contract furniture dealers and licensees, owned contract furniture dealers, direct to end customers, and independent retailers. We recognize revenue on sales to independent dealers, licensees, and retailers once the product is shipped and title passes to the buyer. When we sell product directly to the end customer or to owned dealers, we recognize revenue once the product and services are delivered and installation is substantially complete.
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Amounts recorded as net sales generally include freight charged to customers, with the related freight expenses recognized within cost of sales. Items such as discounts off list price, rebates, and other sale-related marketing program expenses are recorded as reductions to net sales. We record accruals for rebates and other marketing programs, which require us to make estimates about future customer buying patterns and market conditions. Customer sales that reach (or fail to reach) certain levels can affect the amount of such estimates, and actual results could differ from our estimates.
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Receivable Allowances
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We base our allowances related to receivables on known customer exposures, historical credit experience, and the specific identification of other potential problems, including the economic climate. These methods are applied to all major receivables, including trade, lease, and notes receivable. In addition, we follow a policy that consistently applies reserve rates based on the age of outstanding accounts receivable. Actual collections can differ from our historical experience, and if economic or business conditions deteriorate significantly, adjustments to these reserves may be required.
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The accounts receivable allowance totaled $4.9 million and $5.0 million at June 2, 2007 and June 3, 2006, respectively. As a percentage of gross accounts receivable, these allowances totaled 2.5 percent and 2.8 percent, respectively. The year-over-year reduction in the allowance percentage is attributable to a general improvement in the quality of our accounts receivable aging.
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Goodwill
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The carrying value of our goodwill assets as of June 2, 2007 and June 3, 2006, totaled $39.1 million. We account for our goodwill assets in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 142. Under this accounting guidance, we are required to perform an annual test on our goodwill assets by reporting unit to determine whether the asset values are impaired. If impairment is determined, we are required to reduce the net carrying value of the assets to their estimated fair market value.
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Our impairment-testing model is based on the present value of projected cash flows and a residual value. In completing the test under this approach, we assume that the value of a business today is derived from the cash flows it will generate in the future. We also assume that such future cash flows can be reasonably estimated. While these projected cash flows reflect our best estimate of future reporting unit performance, actual cash flows could differ significantly.
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The results of this test, performed in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007, indicated that our net goodwill asset values were not impaired. We employed a market-based approach in selecting the discount rates used in our analysis. By this, we mean the discount rates selected represent market rates of return equal to what we believe a reasonable investor would expect to achieve on investments of similar size to our reporting units. We believe the discount rates selected in our testing are conservative in that, in all cases, they exceed the estimated weighted average cost of capital for our business as a whole. The results of the impairment test are sensitive to changes in the discount rates. Our testing performed in fiscal 2007 indicated that a substantial increase in the discount rates utilized would be required before the results would indicate a potential impairment issue.
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Warranty Reserve
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We stand behind our products and keep our promises to customers. From time to time, quality issues arise resulting in the need to incur costs to correct problems with products or services. We have established warranty reserves for the various costs associated with these guarantees. General warranty reserves are based on historical claims experience and periodically adjusted for business levels. Specific reserves are established once an issue is identified. The valuation of such reserves is based on the estimated costs to correct the problem. Actual costs may vary and may result in an adjustment to our reserves.
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19 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates (Continued)
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Inventory Reserves
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Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. The inventories at the majority of our manufacturing operations are valued using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method, whereas inventories of certain other subsidiaries are valued using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. We establish reserves for excess and obsolete inventory, based on material movement and judgment for consideration of current events, such as economic conditions, that may affect inventory. The amount of reserve required to record inventory at lower of cost or market may be adjusted as conditions change.
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Income Taxes
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Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities, and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to reverse.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Indent Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
We have net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards available in certain jurisdictions to reduce future taxable income. We also have foreign tax credits available in certain jurisdictions to reduce future tax due. Future tax benefits for NOL carryforwards and foreign tax credits are recognized to the extent that realization of these benefits is considered more likely than not. We base this determination on the expectation that related operations will be sufficiently profitable or various tax planning strategies available to us will enable us to utilize the NOL carryforwards and/or foreign tax credits. When information becomes available that raises doubts about the realization of a deferred income tax asset, a valuation allowance is established.
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Self-Insurance Reserves
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With the assistance of independent actuaries, we establish reserves for workers compensation and general liability exposures. The reserves are established based on expected future claims for incurred losses. We also establish reserves for health benefit exposures based on historical claims information along with certain assumptions about future trends. The methods and assumptions used to determine the liabilities are applied consistently, although actual claims experience can vary. We also maintain insurance coverage for certain risk exposures through traditional premium-based insurance policies.
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Pension and other Post-Retirement Benefits
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The determination of the obligation and expense for pension and other post-retirement benefits depends on certain actuarial assumptions. Among the most significant of these assumptions are the discount rate, interest-crediting rate, and expected long-term rate of return on plan assets. We determine these assumptions as follows.
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Discount Rate This assumption is established at the end of the fiscal year based on high-quality corporate bond yields. We utilize the services of an independent actuarial firm to analyze and recommend an appropriate rate. For our domestic pension and other post-retirement benefit plans, the actuary uses a cash flow matching technique, which compares the estimated future cash flows of the plan to a published discount curve showing the relationship between interest rates and duration for hypothetical zero-coupon fixed income investments. We set the discount rate for our international pension plan based on the yield level of a commonly used corporate bond index. Because the average duration of the bonds underlying this index is less than that of our international pension plan liabilities, the index yield is used as a reference point. The final discount rate, which takes into consideration the index yield and the difference in comparative durations, is based on a recommendation from our independent actuarial consultant.
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The discount rates selected for our domestic pension and post-retirement benefit plans at the end of fiscal 2007 were lower than those established at the end of fiscal 2006. With all other assumptions and values held constant, this change would result in an increase in our pension and post-retirement benefit plan expenses for our 2008 fiscal year, which began on June 3, 2007. Conversely, the discount rate selected for our international pension plan at the end of the current year was higher than the rate established at the end of fiscal 2006. This change would result in a decrease in our international pension plan expense for fiscal 2008 if all other assumptions were held constant.
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Interest Crediting Rate We use this assumption in accounting for our primary domestic pension plan, which is a cash balance-type plan. The rate, which represents the annual rate of interest applied to each plan participants account balance, is established at an assumed level, or spread, below the discount rate. We base this methodology on the historical spread between the 30-year U.S. Treasury and high-quality corporate bond yields. This relationship is examined annually to determine whether the methodology is appropriate.
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Expected Long-Term Rate of Return We base this assumption on our long-term assumed rates of return for equities and fixed income securities, weighted by the allocation of the invested assets of the pension plan. We consider risk factors specific to the various classes of investments and advice from independent actuaries in establishing this rate. Changes in the investment allocation of plan assets would impact this assumption. A shift to a higher relative percentage of fixed income securities, for example, would result in a lower assumed rate.
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20 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates (Continued)
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While this assumption represents our long-term market return expectation, actual asset returns can differ from year-to-year. Such differences give rise to actuarial gains and losses. In years where actual market returns are lower than the assumed rate, an actuarial loss is generated. Conversely, an actuarial gain results when actual market returns exceed the assumed rate in a given year. As of June 2, 2007, and June 3, 2006, the net actuarial loss associated with our employee pension and post-retirement benefit plans totaled approximately $92.4 million and $123.9 million, respectively. At both dates, the majority of this unrecognized loss was associated with lower than expected plan asset returns.
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For purposes of determining annual net pension expense, we use a calculated method for determining the market-related value of plan assets. Under this method, we recognize the change in fair value of plan assets systematically over a five-year period. Accordingly, a portion of our net actuarial loss is deferred. The remaining portion of the net actuarial loss is subject to amortization expense each year. The amortization period used in determining this expense is the estimated remaining working life of active pension plan participants. We currently estimate this period to be approximately 13 years. As of the beginning of fiscal year 2007, the deferred net actuarial loss (i.e., the portion of the total net actuarial loss not subject to amortization) was approximately $4.7 million.
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Refer to Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding costs and assumptions used for employee benefit plans.
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Long-Lived Assets
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We evaluate long-lived assets and acquired businesses for indicators of impairment when events or circumstances indicate that a risk may be present. Our judgments regarding the existence of impairment are based on market conditions, operational performance, and estimated future cash flows. If the carrying value of a long-lived asset is considered impaired, an impairment charge is recorded to adjust the asset to its estimated fair value.
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Stock-Based Compensation
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We view stock-based compensation as a key component of total compensation for certain of our employees, non-employee directors and officers. We account for these programs, which include grants of restricted stock, restricted stock units, employee stock purchase, and stock options, in accordance with SFAS 123(R). Under this guidance we recognize compensation expense related to each of these share-based arrangements. We utilize the Black-Scholes option pricing model in estimating the fair value of stock options issued in connection with our compensation program. This pricing model requires the use of several input assumptions. Among the most significant of these assumptions are the expected volatility of our common stock price, and the expected timing of future stock option exercises.
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Expected Volatility This represents a measure, expressed as a percentage, of the expected fluctuation in the market price of our common stock. As a point of reference, a high volatility percentage would assume a wider expected range of market returns for a particular security. All other assumptions held constant, this would yield a higher stock option valuation than a calculation using a lower measure of volatility. In measuring the fair value of stock options issued during fiscal year 2007, we utilized an expected volatility of 28 percent.
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Expected Term of Options This assumption represents the expected length of time between the grant date of a stock option and the date at which it is exercised (option life). We assumed an average expected term of 5 years in calculating the fair values of the majority of stock options issued during fiscal 2007.
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Refer to Note 14 for further discussion on our stock-based compensation plans.
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Contingencies
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In the ordinary course of business, we encounter matters which raise the potential for contingent liabilities. In evaluating these matters for accounting treatment and disclosure, we are required to apply judgment in order to determine the probability that a liability has been incurred. We are also required to measure, if possible, the dollar value of such liabilities in determining whether or not recognition in our financial statements is required. This process involves the use of estimates which may differ from actual outcomes. Refer to Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information relating to contingencies.
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New Accounting Standards
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In November 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 151, Inventory Costs (SFAS 151). This Statement amends the guidance in ARB No. 43, Chapter 4, Inventory Pricing, to clarify the accounting for abnormal amounts of idle facility expense, freight, handling costs, and wasted material (spoilage). SFAS 151 requires those items to be recognized as current-period charges. In addition, this Statement requires fixed production overhead expenses to be allocated to inventory based on the normal capacity of the production facilities. We adopted SFAS 151 in the first quarter of fiscal 2007, and the resulting impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements was not material.
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21 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations New Accounting Standards (Continued)
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In December 2004, the FASB issued a revision of SFAS No. 123, Share-Based Payment (SFAS 123(R)), which supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees. This statement focuses primarily on transactions in which an entity obtains employee services in exchange for share-based payments. Under SFAS 123(R), a public entity generally is required to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award, with such cost recognized over the requisite service period. This new accounting treatment is also required for any share-based payments to our Board of Directors. SFAS 123(R) also requires an entity to provide certain disclosures in order to assist in understanding the nature of share-based payment transactions and the effects of those transactions on the financial statements. We adopted the provisions of SFAS 123(R) in the first quarter of fiscal 2007. Further information regarding the method of adoption and the resulting impact on net earnings and earnings per share is provided in Note 14.
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In June 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (FIN 48). This Interpretation clarifies the accounting for income taxes by prescribing the minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Interpretation also provides guidance for the measurement and classification of tax positions, interest and penalties, and requires additional disclosure on an annual basis. We plan to adopt the provisions FIN 48 effective June 3, 2007, as required. We have not yet determined the effect the adoption of the Interpretation will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements; however, we do not anticipate a material impact. Any difference between the amounts recognized in our Consolidated Financial Statements prior to the adoption of the Interpretation and the amounts reported after the adoption will be accounted for as a cumulative-effect adjustment recorded in the beginning balance of retained earnings on June 3, 2007 and will not require restatement of prior periods.
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In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (SFAS 157). This new standard establishes a framework for measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities. This framework is intended to provide increased consistency in how fair value determinations are made under various existing accounting standards that permit, or in some cases require, estimates of fair market value. SFAS 157 also expands financial statement disclosure requirements about a companys use of fair value measurements, including the effect of such measures on earnings. We are required to adopt this new accounting guidance at the beginning of fiscal 2009. While we are currently evaluating the provisions of SFAS 157, the adoption is not expected to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
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In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158 Employers Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans (SFAS 158). SFAS 158 amends SFAS No. 87 Employers Accounting for Pensions, SFAS No. 88 Employers Accounting for Settlements and Curtailments of Defined Benefit Pension Plans and for Termination Benefits, SFAS No. 106 Employers Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other than Pensions and SFAS 132 Employers Disclosures about Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits. The amendments retain most of the existing measurement and disclosure guidance and will not change the amounts recognized in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. SFAS 158 requires companies to recognize a net asset or liability with an offset to equity, by which the defined-benefit postretirement obligation is over-funded or under-funded. SFAS 158 requires prospective application, and the recognition and disclosure requirements are effective for our fiscal year ending June 2, 2007. Further information regarding our method of adoption and the resulting impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements is provided in Note 12.
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In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159 The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (SFAS 159). SFAS 159 expands the use of fair value measurement by permitting entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. We are required to adopt SFAS 159 at the beginning of fiscal 2009 and are currently in the process of evaluating the applicability and potential impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Forward Looking Statements
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Certain statements in this filing are not historical facts but are forward-looking statements as defined under Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended. Such statements are based on managements belief, assumptions, current expectations, estimates and projections about the office furniture industry, the economy and the company itself. Words like anticipates, believes, confident, estimates, expects, forecast, likely, plans, projects, and should, and variations of such words and similar expressions identify forward looking statements. These statements do not guarantee future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict with regard to timing, expense, likelihood and degree of occurrence. These risks include, without limitation, employment and general economic conditions in the U.S. and in our international markets, the increase in white collar employment, the willingness of customers to undertake capital expenditures, the types of products purchased by customers, the possibility of order cancellations or deferrals by
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22 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations New Accounting Standards (Continued)
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customers, competitive pricing pressures, the availability and pricing of direct materials, our reliance on a limited number of suppliers, currency fluctuations, the ability to increase prices to absorb the additional costs of direct materials, the financial strength of our dealers, the financial strength of our customers, the mix of our products purchased by customers, our ability to attract and retain key executives and other qualified employees, our ability to continue to make product innovations, the strength of the intellectual property relating to our products, the success of newly introduced products, our ability to serve all of our markets, possible acquisitions, divestitures or alliances, the outcome of pending litigation or governmental audits or investigations, and other risks identified in this Form 10-K and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Therefore, actual results and outcomes may materially differ from what we express or forecast. Furthermore, Herman Miller, Inc., takes no obligation to update, amend, or clarify forward-looking statements.
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Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
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The company manufactures, markets, and sells its products throughout the world and, as a result, is subject to changing economic conditions, which could reduce the demand for its products.
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Direct Material Costs
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The company is exposed to risks arising from price changes for certain direct materials and assembly components used in its operations. The largest such costs incurred by the company are for steel, plastic/textiles, wood particleboard, and aluminum components. Commodity prices increased relative to the prior year during fiscal 2007, particularly during the first half of the year. This was followed by a period of price stabilization, and in the case steel, improvement, during the second half of the fiscal year. For the full year, the company estimates rising commodity prices added between $14 million and $16 million to its consolidated cost of sales compared to fiscal 2006. The market price of steel, in particular, was relatively stable during fiscal 2006 and, in fact, improved slightly relative to the prior year. Consequently, it did not have a significant impact on the year-over-year gross margin comparison between fiscal years 2005 and 2006. However, the company did experience price increases for other key manufacturing inputs during fiscal 2006. During fiscal 2005, the price of steel increased significantly. As a result, the company estimates its direct material costs for steel components in fiscal 2005 increased between $18 million and $20 million in comparison to fiscal 2004.
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The market price of plastics and textiles are sensitive to the cost of oil and natural gas. Oil and natural gas prices increased sharply during the latter half of fiscal 2005 and throughout fiscal 2006. In fiscal 2007, petroleum prices declined somewhat, however, showed continued volatility. As a result, the cost of plastics and textiles increased during fiscal years 2005 and 2006. In fiscal 2007, these market prices moderated somewhat. In addition to the market dynamics of supply and demand, the cost of wood particleboard has been impacted by continual downsizing of production capacity in the wood market as well as increased costs in transportation related to oil increases. Aluminum component prices have risen in part due to high market demand and increased energy costs associated with the conversion of raw materials to aluminum ingots.
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The company believes future market price increases on its key direct materials and assembly components are likely. Consequently, it views the prospect of such increases as an outlook risk to the business.
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Foreign Exchange Risk
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The company manufactures its products in the United States, United Kingdom, and China. It also sources completed products and product components from outside the United States. The companys completed products are sold in numerous countries around the world. Sales in foreign countries as well as certain expenses related to those sales are transacted in currencies other than the companys reporting currency, the U.S. Dollar. Accordingly, production costs and profit margins related to these sales are affected by the currency exchange relationship between the countries where the sales take place and the countries where the products are sourced or manufactured. These currency exchange relationships can also affect the companys competitive positions within these markets.
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In the normal course of business, the company enters into contracts denominated in foreign currencies. The principal foreign currencies in which the company conducts its business are the British Pound, Euro, Canadian Dollar, Japanese Yen, Mexican Peso, and Chinese Renminbi. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007, the company entered into three separate forward currency contracts in order to offset 4.0 million of its Euro net asset exposure denominated in a non-functional currency. Similarly, in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2006, the company entered into a single forward currency contract to offset 1.5 million of its Euro net asset exposure. In both years, the instruments were marked to market at the end of the period, with changes in fair value reflected in net earnings. At June 2, 2007 and June 3, 2006, the fair values of the instruments were negligible.
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23 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk Foreign Exchange Risk (Continued)
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Net gains arising from remeasuring all foreign currency transactions into the appropriate functional currency, which were included in net earnings, totaled $0.3 million, and $0.2 million for the years ended June 3, 2006 and May 28, 2005, respectively. The net currency transaction gain in the year ended June 2, 2007 was negligible. Additionally, the cumulative effect of translating the balance sheet and income statement accounts from the functional currency into the United States dollar reduced the accumulated comprehensive loss component of total shareholders equity by $3.3 million, $1.2 million, and $3.9 million for the years ended June 2, 2007, June 3, 2006, and May 28, 2005, respectively.
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Interest Rate Risk
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The company maintains fixed-rate debt. For fixed-rate debt, changes in interest rates generally affect fair market value but not earnings or cash flows. The company does not have an incentive to prepay fixed rate debt prior to maturity, and as a result, interest rate risk and changes in fair market value should not have a significant impact on such debt until the company would be required to refinance it. The company has two separate interest rate swap instruments that, as of the end of fiscal year 2007, effectively convert $53 million in total of fixed-rate debt to a variable-rate basis. This debt is subject to changes in interest rates, which, if significant, could have a material impact on the companys financial results. The interest rate swap derivative instruments are held and used by the company as a tool for managing interest rate risk. They are not used for trading or speculative purposes. The counterparties to these swap instruments are large financial institutions that the company believes are of high-quality creditworthiness. While the company may be exposed to potential losses due to the credit risk of non-performance by these counterparties, such losses are not anticipated.
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The combined fair market value of effective swap instruments was negative $1.8 million at June 2, 2007, in comparison to negative $2.2 million at June 3, 2006. The impact of these swap instruments on total interest expense was an addition to interest expense of approximately $0.6 million and $0.3 million in fiscal 2007 and 2006, respectively. In fiscal 2005, the swap instruments reduced total interest expense by approximately $1.1 million. All cash flows related to the companys interest rate swap instruments are denominated in U.S. dollars. For further information, refer to Notes 16 and 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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As of June 2, 2007, the weighted-average interest rate on the companys variable-rate debt was approximately 8.1 percent. Based on the level of variable-rate debt outstanding as of that date, a 1 percentage-point increase in the weighted-average interest rate would increase the companys annual pre-tax interest expense by approximately $0.5 million.
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Expected cash flows (notional amounts) over the next five years and thereafter related to debt instruments are as follows.
| (In Millions) | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | Thereafter | Total (1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Long-Term Debt: | |||||||
| Fixed Rate | $ 3.0 | $ | $ | $ 175.0 | $ | $ | $ 178.0 |
| Weighted Average Interest Rate =7.11% | |||||||
| Derivative Financial Instruments Related to Debt - Interest Rate Swaps: | |||||||
| Pay Variable/Receive Fixed | $ 3.0 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ 3.0 |
| Pay Interest Rate = 8.65% (at June 2, 2007) | |||||||
| Received Interest Rate = 6.52% | |||||||
| Pay Variable/Receive Fixed | $ | $ | $ | $ 50.0 | $ | $ | $ 50.0 |
| Pay Interest Rate = 8.03% (at June 2, 2007) | |||||||
| Receive Interest Rate = 7.125% |
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(1) Amount does not include the recorded fair value of the swap instruments, which totaled negative $1.8 million at the end of fiscal 2007.
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24 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)
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Set forth below is a summary of the quarterly operating results on a consolidated basis for the years ended June 2, 2007, June 3, 2006, and May 28, 2005. Refer to Managements Discussion and Analysis provided in Item 7 and the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further disclosure of significant accounting transactions that may have affected the quarterly operating results for each of the periods presented.
| (In Millions, Except Per Share Data) | First Quarter (3) | Second Quarter | Second Quarter | Fourth Quarter |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fiscal 2007 Net sales | $ 449.7 | $ 499.1 | $ 484.8 | $ 485.3 |
| Gross margin (1) | 152.3 | 170.4 | 160.0 | 163.1 |
| Net earnings (2) | 28.5 | 36.6 | 32.3 | 31.7 |
| Earnings per share-basic | .44 | .57 | .50 | .50 |
| Earnings per share-diluted (1)(2) | .43 | .56 | .50 | .50 |
| Fiscal 2006 Net sales | $ 430.9 | $ 438.2 | $ 424.0 | $ 444.1 |
| Gross margin (1) | 141.7 | 143.9 | 137.9 | 151.2 |
| Net earnings (1) | 23.7 | 27.9 | 22.4 | 25.0 |
| Earnings per share-basic | .34 | .41 | .33 | .38 |
| Earnings per share-diluted | .34 | .40 | .33 | .38 |
| Fiscal 2005 Net sales | $ 357.3 | $ 368.4 | $ 382.4 | $ 407.5 |
| Gross margin (1) | 112.1 | 120.0 | 122.9 | 134.9 |
| Net earnings (1)(4)(5) | 14.3 | 15.4 | 16.8 | 21.6 |
| Earnings per share-basic | .20 | .22 | .24 | .31 |
| Earnings per share-diluted (1)(4)(5) | .20 | .22 | .24 | .31 |
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(1) Sum of the quarters does not equal the annual balance reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations due to rounding associated with the calculations on an individual quarter basis.
(2) The fourth quarter of fiscal year 2007 includes adjustments to various tax accruals resulting in a reduction of income taxes of $3.4 million or $0.05 diluted earnings per share in the quarter.
(3) The first quarter of fiscal year 2006 included 14 weeks of operations.
(4) The fourth quarter of fiscal year 2005 includes an increase to income tax expense related to cash repatriation, resulting in a decrease to net earnings of $4.4 million or $0.06 diluted earnings per share in the quarter.
(5) The fourth quarter of fiscal year 2005 includes an adjustment to operating expenses of $13.0 million before taxes, related to the companys GSA reserves. This adjustment reduced operating expenses and increased diluted earnings per share by $0.12 in the quarter.
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25 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Consolidated Statements of Operations
| (In Millions, Except Per Share Data) — Net Sales | June 2, 2007 — $ 1,918.9 | $ | 1,737.2 | $ | 1,515.6 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cost of Sales | 1,273.0 | 1,162.4 | 1,025.8 | |||
| Gross Margin | 645.9 | 574.8 | 489.8 | |||
| Operating Expenses: | ||||||
| Selling, general, and administrative (Note 19) | 395.8 | 371.7 | 327.7 | |||
| Design and research (Note 1) | 52.0 | 45.4 | 40.2 | |||
| Total Operating Expenses | 447.8 | 417.1 | 367.9 | |||
| Operating Earnings | 198.1 | 157.7 | 121.9 | |||
| Other Expenses (Income): | ||||||
| Interest expense | 13.7 | 14.0 | 14.0 | |||
| Interest and other investment income | (4.1 | ) | (4.9 | ) | (4.6 | ) |
| Other, net | 1.5 | 1.0 | (0.3 | ) | ||
| Net Other Expenses | 11.1 | 10.1 | 9.1 | |||
| Earnings Before Income Taxes and Minority Interest | 187.0 | 147.6 | 112.8 | |||
| Income Tax Expense (Note 15) | 57.9 | 47.7 | 44.7 | |||
| Minority Interest, net of income tax expense (Note 3) | | 0.7 | 0.1 | |||
| Net Earnings | $ 129.1 | $ | 99.2 | $ | 68.0 | |
| Earnings Per Share - Basic | $ 2.01 | $ | 1.46 | $ | 0.97 | |
| Earnings Per Share - Diluted | $ 1.98 | $ | 1.45 | $ | 0.96 |
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26 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Consolidated Balance Sheets
| (In Millions, Except Share and Per Share Data) | June 2, 2007 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assets | ||||
| Current Assets: | ||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ 76.4 | $ | 106.8 | |
| Short-term investments (Note 1) | 15.9 | 15.2 | ||
| Accounts receivable, less allowances of $4.9 in 2007 and $5.0 in 2006 | 188.1 | 173.2 | ||
| Inventories (Note 4) | 56.0 | 47.1 | ||
| Prepaid expenses and other (Note 5) | 48.3 | 47.9 | ||
| Total Current Assets | 384.7 | 390.2 | ||
| Property and Equipment: | ||||
| Land and improvements | 18.9 | 20.9 | ||
| Buildings and improvements | 137.2 | 139.1 | ||
| Machinery and equipment | 543.3 | 523.8 | ||
| Construction in progress | 17.6 | 23.5 | ||
| 717.0 | 707.3 | |||
| Less: accumulated depreciation | (520.4 | ) | (504.0 | ) |
| Net Property and Equipment | 196.6 | 203.3 | ||
| Goodwill | 39.1 | 39.1 | ||
| Other Assets (Note 6) | 45.8 | 35.4 | ||
| Total Assets | $ 666.2 | $ | 668.0 | |
| Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity | ||||
| Current Liabilities: | ||||
| Unfunded checks | $ 7.4 | $ | 6.5 | |
| Current maturities of long-term debt (Note 10) | 3.0 | 3.0 | ||
| Accounts payable | 110.5 | 112.3 | ||
| Accrued liabilities (Note 7) | 163.6 | 177.6 | ||
| Total Current Liabilities | 284.5 | 299.4 | ||
| Long-term Debt, less current maturities (Note 10) | 173.2 | 175.8 | ||
| Other Liabilities (Note 8) | 52.9 | 54.2 | ||
| Total Liabilities | 510.6 | 529.4 | ||
| Minority Interest | 0.3 | 0.2 | ||
| Shareholders' Equity: | ||||
| Preferred stock, no par value (10,000,000 shares authorized, | ||||
| none issued) | | | ||
| Common stock, $0.20 par value (240,000,000 shares authorized, 62,919,425 | ||||
| and 66,034,452 shares issued and outstanding in 2007 and 2006, respectively) | 12.6 | 13.2 | ||
| Additional paid-in capital | | | ||
| Retained earnings | 197.8 | 192.2 | ||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss (Note 1) | (51.6 | ) | (63.3 | ) |
| Key executive deferred compensation | (3.5 | ) | (3.7 | ) |
| Total Shareholders' Equity | 155.3 | 138.4 | ||
| Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity | $ 666.2 | $ | 668.0 |
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27 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Consolidated Statements of Shareholders Equity
| (In Millions, Except Share Data) — Balance, May 29, 2004 | 71,750,979 | $ | 14.4 | $ | | $ | 246.1 | $ | (57.6 | ) | Key Exec. Deferred Comp. — $ (8.3 | ) | Total Share-holders' Equity — $ 194.6 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net earnings | | | | 68.0 | | | 68.0 | |||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | | | | | 3.9 | | 3.9 | |||||||
| Minimum pension liability (net of tax of $4.3 million) | | | | | (10.4 | ) | | (10.4 | ) | |||||
| Unrealized holding loss (net of tax of $0.1 million) | | | | | (0.3 | ) | | (0.3 | ) | |||||
| Total comprehensive income | 61.2 | |||||||||||||
| Cash dividends declared ($.29 per share) | | | | (20.3 | ) | | | (20.3 | ) | |||||
| Exercise of stock options | 2,478,810 | 0.5 | 56.4 | | | | 56.9 | |||||||
| Employee stock purchase plan | 125,845 | | 2.9 | | | | 2.9 | |||||||
| Tax benefit relating to stock options | | | 4.8 | | | | 4.8 | |||||||
| Repurchase and retirement of common stock | (4,877,832 | ) | (1.0 | ) | (64.1 | ) | (66.5 | ) | | | (131.6 | ) | ||
| Directors' fees | 8,187 | | 0.2 | | | | 0.2 | |||||||
| Stock grants earned | | | | | | 1.8 | 1.8 | |||||||
| Stock grants issued | 100,000 | | 2.6 | | | (2.6 | ) | | ||||||
| Deferred compensation plan | | | (2.8 | ) | | | 2.8 | | ||||||
| Balance, May 28, 2005 | 69,585,989 | $ | 13.9 | $ | | $ | 227.3 | $ | (64.4 | ) | $ (6.3 | ) | $ 170.5 | |
| Net earnings | | | | 99.2 | | | 99.2 | |||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | | | | | 1.2 | | 1.2 | |||||||
| Minimum pension liability (net of tax of $0.4 million) | | | | | 0.3 | | 0.3 | |||||||
| Unrealized holding loss (net of tax of $0.2 million) | | | | | (0.4 | ) | | (0.4 | ) | |||||
| Total comprehensive income | 100.3 | |||||||||||||
| Cash dividends declared ($.305 per share) | | | | (20.6 | ) | | | (20.6 | ) | |||||
| Exercise of stock options | 1,451,143 | 0.3 | 33.5 | | | | 33.8 | |||||||
| Employee stock purchase plan | 114,659 | | 3.0 | | | | 3.0 | |||||||
| Tax benefit relating to stock options | | | 3.7 | | | | 3.7 | |||||||
| Repurchase and retirement of common stock | (5,124,306 | ) | (1.0 | ) | (40.4 | ) | (113.7 | ) | | | (155.1 | ) | ||
| Directors' fees | 6,967 | | 0.2 | | | | 0.2 | |||||||
| Restricted stock units earned | | | | | | 1.1 | 1.1 | |||||||
| Stock grants earned | | | | | | 1.5 | 1.5 | |||||||
| Balance, June 3, 2006 | 66,034,452 | $ | 13.2 | $ | | $ | 192.2 | $ | (63.3 | ) | $ (3.7 | ) | $ 138.4 | |
| Net earnings | | | | 129.1 | | | 129.1 | |||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | | | | | 3.3 | | 3.3 | |||||||
| Pension and post-retirement liability adjustments (net of tax of $33.5 million) | | | | | 58.3 | | 58.3 | |||||||
| Unrealized holding gain (net of negligible tax) | | | | | 0.1 | | 0.1 | |||||||
| Total comprehensive income | 190.8 | |||||||||||||
| Cash dividends declared ($0.328 per share) | | | | (21.0 | ) | | | (21.0 | ) | |||||
| Exercise of stock options | 1,886,326 | 0.4 | 46.9 | | | | 47.3 | |||||||
| Employee stock purchase plan | 102,808 | | 3.4 | | | | 3.4 | |||||||
| Tax benefit relating to stock-based compensation | | | 6.7 | | | | 6.7 | |||||||
| Repurchase and retirement of common stock | (5,116,375 | ) | (1.0 | ) | (61.4 | ) | (102.5 | ) | | | (164.9 | ) | ||
| Directors' fees | 5,637 | | 0.2 | | | | 0.2 | |||||||
| Restricted stock units compensation expense | | | 2.4 | | | (1.3 | ) | 1.1 | ||||||
| Restricted stock units released | 1,527 | | 0.1 | | | | 0.1 | |||||||
| Stock grants compensation expense | | | (1.1 | ) | | | 1.8 | 0.7 | ||||||
| Stock grants issued | 5,050 | | | | | | | |||||||
| Stock option compensation expense | | | 2.5 | | | | 2.5 | |||||||
| Deferred compensation plan | | | 0.3 | | | (0.3 | ) | 0.0 | ||||||
| Adjustment to adopt SFAS 158 (net of tax of $28.2 million) | | | | | (50.0 | ) | | (50.0 | ) | |||||
| Balance, June 2, 2007 | 62,919,425 | $ | 12.6 | $ | | $ | 197.8 | $ | (51.6 | ) | $ (3.5 | ) | $ 155.3 |
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28 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
| (In Millions) | June 2, 2007 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities: | ||||||
| Net earnings | $ 129.1 | $ | 99.2 | $ | 68.0 | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities (Note 18) | 8.6 | 51.2 | 41.3 | |||
| Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities | 137.7 | 150.4 | 109.3 | |||
| Cash Flows from Investing Activities: | ||||||
| Notes receivable repayments | 67.4 | 67.8 | 27.9 | |||
| Notes receivable issued | (66.8 | ) | (65.6 | ) | (27.4 | ) |
| Short-term investment purchases | (11.5 | ) | (11.6 | ) | (18.7 | ) |
| Short-term investment sales | 11.0 | 9.8 | 15.2 | |||
| Capital expenditures | (41.3 | ) | (50.8 | ) | (34.9 | ) |
| Proceeds from sales of property and equipment (Note 1) | 7.9 | 1.6 | 0.4 | |||
| Proceeds from disposal of owned dealers (Note 2) | | 2.1 | | |||
| Net cash paid for acquisitions (Note 2) | (3.5 | ) | | (0.7 | ) | |
| Other, net | (0.6 | ) | (0.9 | ) | (1.9 | ) |
| Net Cash Used for Investing Activities | (37.4 | ) | (47.6 | ) | (40.1 | ) |
| Cash Flows from Financing Activities: | ||||||
| Short-term debt repayments (Note 3) | | | (1.5 | ) | ||
| Long-term debt repayments | (3.0 | ) | (13.0 | ) | (13.0 | ) |
| Dividends paid | (20.7 | ) | (20.3 | ) | (20.4 | ) |
| Common stock issued | 50.4 | 37.0 | 59.9 | |||
| Common stock repurchased and retired | (164.9 | ) | (155.1 | ) | (131.6 | ) |
| Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation (Note 14) | 6.7 | | | |||
| Net Cash Used for Financing Activities | (131.5 | ) | (151.4 | ) | (106.6 | ) |
| Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Cash Equivalents | 0.8 | 1.0 | 2.6 | |||
| Net Decrease in Cash and Cash Equivalents | (30.4 | ) | (47.6 | ) | (34.8 | ) |
| Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Year | 106.8 | 154.4 | 189.2 | |||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Year | $ 76.4 | $ | 106.8 | $ | 154.4 |
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29 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
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1 Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies
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The following is a summary of significant accounting and reporting policies not reflected elsewhere in the accompanying financial statements.
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Principles of Consolidation
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The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Herman Miller, Inc., and its majority-owned domestic and foreign subsidiaries. The consolidated entities are collectively referred to as the company. All intercompany accounts and transactions, including any involving VIEs, have been eliminated in the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Description of Business
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The company researches, designs, manufactures and distributes interior furnishings, for use in various environments including office, healthcare, educational, and residential settings, and provides related services that support companies all over the world. The companys products are sold primarily through independent contract office furniture dealers. Accordingly, accounts and notes receivable in the accompanying balance sheets are principally amounts due from the dealers.
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Fiscal Year
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The companys fiscal year ends on the Saturday closest to May 31. Fiscal 2007, the year ending June 2, 2007, contained 52 weeks while the fiscal years ended June 3, 2006 and May 28, 2005, contained 53 and 52 weeks, respectively. These fiscal periods are the basis upon which weekly-average data is presented. An extra week in the companys fiscal year is required approximately every six years in order to realign its fiscal calendar-end dates with the actual calendar months.
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Foreign Currency Translation
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The functional currency for foreign subsidiaries is the local currency. The cumulative effect of translating the balance sheet accounts from the functional currency into the United States dollar at fiscal year-end exchange rates, and revenue and expense accounts using average exchange rates for the period, is reflected as a component of accumulated comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders Equity. The financial statement impact resulting from remeasuring all foreign currency transactions into the appropriate functional currency, which was included in Other Expenses (Income) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations, was a negligible gain for the year ended June 2, 2007 and a gain of $0.3 million and $0.2 million for the years ended June 3, 2006, and May 28, 2005, respectively.
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Cash Equivalents
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The company holds cash equivalents as part of its cash management function. Cash equivalents include money market funds, time deposit investments, and treasury bills with original maturities of less than three months. The carrying value of cash equivalents, which approximates fair value, totaled $22.0 million and $68.3 million as of June 2, 2007, and June 3, 2006, respectively. All cash and cash equivalents are high-credit quality financial instruments, and the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution or instrument is limited.
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Short-Term Investments
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The company maintains a portfolio of short-term investments comprised of investment grade fixed-income securities. These investments are held by the companys wholly owned insurance captive and are considered available-for-sale as defined in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities. Accordingly, they have been recorded at fair market value based on quoted market prices, with the resulting net unrealized holding gains or losses reflected net of tax as a component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss in the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders Equity.
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All marketable security transactions are recognized on the trade date. Realized gains and losses on disposal of available-for-sale investments are included in Interest and other investment income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Net investment income recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for available-for-sale investments totaled $0.8 million, $0.7 million, and $0.7 million for the years ended June 2, 2007, June 3, 2006, and May 28, 2005, respectively.
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30 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 1 Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies (Continued)
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The following is a summary of the carrying and market values of the companys short-term investments as of the dates indicated.
| (In Millions) | June 2, 2007 — Cost | Unrealized Gain | Unrealized Loss | Market Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U.S. Government & Agency Debt | $ 3.9 | $ | $ (0.1 | ) | $ 3.8 |
| Corporate Bonds | 6.0 | | (0.1 | ) | 5.9 |
| Mortgage-Backed | 5.5 | | (0.1 | ) | 5.4 |
| Other Debt | 0.8 | | | 0.8 | |
| Total | $ 16.2 | $ | $ (0.3 | ) | $ 15.9 |
| (In Millions) | June 3, 2006 | ||||
| Cost | Unrealized Gain | Unrealized Loss | Market Value | ||
| U.S. Government & Agency Debt | $ 2.5 | $ | $ (0.1 | ) | $ 2.4 |
| Corporate Bonds | 7.8 | | (0.2 | ) | 7.6 |
| Mortgage-Backed | 4.6 | | (0.1 | ) | 4.5 |
| Other Debt | 0.7 | | | 0.7 | |
| Total | $ 15.6 | $ | $ (0.4 | ) | $ 15.2 |
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Maturities of short-term investments as of June 2, 2007, are as follows.
| (In Millions) | Cost | Market Value |
|---|---|---|
| Due within one year | $ 1.4 | $ 1.4 |
| Due after one year through five years | 8.0 | 7.9 |
| Due after five years | 6.8 | 6.6 |
| Total | $ 16.2 | $ 15.9 |
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Accounts Receivable Allowances
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Reserves for uncollectible accounts receivable balances are based on known customer exposures, historical credit experience, and the specific identification of other potential problems, including the economic climate. Fully reserved balances are written off against the reserve once the company determines the probability of collection to be remote. The company generally does not require collateral or other security on trade accounts receivable.
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Inventories
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Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. The inventories at the majority of the companys manufacturing operations are valued using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method, whereas inventories of certain other of the companys subsidiaries are valued using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. The company establishes reserves for excess and obsolete inventory, based its material movement and judgment for consideration of current events, such as economic conditions, that may affect inventory. Further information on the companys recorded inventory balances can be found in Note 4.
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Property, Equipment, and Depreciation
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Property and equipment are stated at cost. The cost is depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the assets, using the straight-line method. Estimated useful lives range from 3 to 10 years for machinery and equipment and do not exceed 40 years for buildings. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the lesser of the lease term or the useful life of the asset, not to exceed 10 years. The company capitalizes certain external and internal costs incurred in connection with the development, testing, and installation of software for internal use. Software for internal use is included in property and equipment and is depreciated over an estimated useful life not exceeding 5 years.
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During the first quarter of fiscal 2006, the company finalized the sale of a warehouse/storage facility in West Michigan that the company previously exited. As a result of the sale, the company received proceeds of $0.7 million and recognized a gain on sale of $0.2 million. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007, the company completed the sale of its Canton, Georgia facility which was exited in fiscal 2004. The company received net cash consideration of $7.5 million, for assets with a carrying value of $7.5 million. This resulted in a negligible pre-tax gain. As of the end of fiscal 2007, outstanding commitments for future capital purchases approximated $7.7 million.
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31 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 1 Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies (Continued)
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Long-Lived Assets
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The company assesses the recoverability of its long-lived assets in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. This assessment is performed whenever events or circumstances such as current and projected future operating losses or changes in the business climate indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Assets are grouped and evaluated at the lowest level for which there are independent and identifiable cash flows. The company considers historical performance and future estimated results in its evaluation of potential impairment and then compares the carrying amount of the asset to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows (without interest charges) expected to result from the use of the asset. If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the expected future cash flows, the company measures and records an impairment loss for the excess of the carrying value of the asset over its fair value. The estimation of fair value is made by discounting the expected future cash flows at the rate the company uses to evaluate similar potential investments based on the best information available at that time.
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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
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The companys recorded goodwill at June 2, 2007 and June 3, 2006, is associated with the North American Furniture Solutions segment, which is described in further detail in Note 20. The company is required to test the carrying value of goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level annually or more frequently if a triggering event occurs under the provisions of SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (SFAS 142). As a matter of practice, the company performs the required annual impairment testing of goodwill during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year. The annual testing performed each year indicated the present value of discounted cash flows of the reporting unit exceeded the recorded carrying value of the companys goodwill assets, and accordingly no impairment charge was required for the years ending June 2, 2007, June 3, 2006, and May 28, 2005. In addition, the carrying amount of goodwill during fiscal years 2007 and 2006 did not change.
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SFAS 142 also requires the company to evaluate its acquired intangible assets to determine whether any have indefinite useful lives. Under this accounting standard, intangible assets with indefinite useful lives, if any, are not subject to amortization. The company has not classified any of its other intangible assets as having indefinite useful lives and, accordingly, amortizes them over their remaining useful lives. The company amortizes its other intangible assets using the straight-line method over periods ranging from 5 to 17 years.
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Other intangible assets are comprised of patents, trademarks, and intellectual property rights with a combined gross carrying value and accumulated amortization of $14.9 million and $5.5 million, respectively as of June 2, 2007. As of June 3, 2006, these amounts totaled $10.9 million and $4.8 million, respectively.
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Estimated amortization expense for existing intangible assets as of June 2, 2007, for each of the succeeding five fiscal years is as follows.
| (In Millions) | |
|---|---|
| 2008 | $ 1.8 |
| 2009 | $ 1.7 |
| 2010 | $ 1.3 |
| 2011 | $ 1.3 |
| 2012 | $ 1.2 |
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Notes Receivable
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The notes receivable are primarily from certain independent contract office furniture dealers. These notes are the result of dealers in transition either through a change in ownership or general financial difficulty. The notes generally are collateralized by the assets of the dealers and bear interest based on the prevailing prime rate. Recorded reserves are based on historical credit experience, collateralization levels, and the specific identification of other potential collection problems. Interest income relating to these notes in fiscal years 2007, 2006, and 2005 totaled $0.4 million for each year.
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Unfunded Checks
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As a result of maintaining a consolidated cash management system, the company utilizes controlled disbursement bank accounts. These accounts are funded as checks are presented for payment, not when checks are issued. Any resulting book overdraft position is included in current liabilities as unfunded checks.
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32 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 1 Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies (Continued)
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Self-Insurance
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The company is partially self-insured for general liability, workers compensation, and certain employee health benefits under insurance arrangements that provide for third-party coverage of claims exceeding the companys loss retention levels. The companys retention levels designated within significant insurance arrangements as of June 2, 2007, are as follows.
| Retention Level | |
|---|---|
| General Liability and Auto Liability/Physical Damage | $1.00 million per occurrence |
| Workers' Compensation and Property | $0.75 million per occurrence |
| Health Benefits | $0.20 million per employee |
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The companys policy is to accrue amounts equal to the actuarially determined liabilities for loss and loss adjustment expenses, which are included in Other Liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The actuarial valuations are based on historical information along with certain assumptions about future events. Changes in assumptions for such matters as legal actions, medical costs, and changes in actual experience could cause these estimates to change in the near term. The general and workers compensation liabilities are managed through the companys wholly-owned insurance captive.
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Research, Development, and Other Related Costs
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Research, development, pre-production, and start-up costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development (R&D) costs consist of expenditures incurred during the course of planned search and investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge useful in developing new products or processes. R&D costs also include the significant enhancement of existing products or production processes and the implementation of such through design, testing of product alternatives, or construction of prototypes. Royalty payments made to designers of the companys products as the products are sold are not included in research and development costs, as they are a variable cost based on product sales. Research and development costs included in Design and Research expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations were $42.1 million, $36.7 million, and $32.7 million, in fiscal 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively.
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Advertising Costs
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Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are included in Selling, general, and administrative expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Advertising costs were $3.2 million, $3.2 million, and $2.7 million, in fiscal 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively.
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Income Taxes
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Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities, and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to reverse.
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Stock-Based Compensation
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The company has several stock-based compensation plans, which are described fully in Note 14. In December 2004, the FASB issued a revision of SFAS No. 123, Share-Based Payment (SFAS 123(R)), which supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees. The company adopted the provisions of SFAS 123(R) in the first quarter of fiscal 2007. Refer to the New Accounting Standards section of this Note, for further information regarding this new accounting standard and its application to the company.
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Prior to the adoption of SFAS 123(R), the company accounted for its stock-based compensation plans under the recognition and measurement principles of APB 25 and related Interpretations. Under this method, compensation expense related to stock options was recognized only if the market price of the stock, underlying an award on the date of grant, exceeded the related exercise price. Expense attributable to certain stock-based awards, such as restricted stock grants and restricted stock units, was recognized in the companys reported results under APB 25.
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Earnings per Share
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Basic earnings per share (EPS) excludes the dilutive effect of common shares that could potentially be issued, due to the exercise of stock options or the vesting of restricted shares, and is computed by dividing net earnings by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS for fiscal years 2007, 2006, and 2005, was computed by dividing net earnings by the sum of the weighted-average number of shares outstanding, plus all dilutive shares that could potentially be issued. Refer to Note 13, for further information regarding the computation of EPS.
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33 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 1 Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies (Continued)
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Revenue Recognition
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The company recognizes revenue on sales through its network of independent contract furniture dealers and independent retailers once the related product is shipped and title passes to the dealer. In situations where products are sold through subsidiary dealers or directly to the end customer, revenue is recognized once the related product is shipped to the end customer and installation is substantially complete. Offers such as rebates and discounts are recorded as reductions to net sales. Unearned revenue arises as a normal part of business from advance payments from customers for future delivery of product and service.
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Shipping and Handling Expenses
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The company records shipping and handling related expenses under the caption Cost of Sales in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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Comprehensive Income/(Loss)
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The companys comprehensive income (loss) consists of net earnings, foreign currency translation adjustments, pension and post-retirement liability adjustments, and unrealized holding gains (losses) on available-for-sale investments. The components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss in each of the last three fiscal years are as follows.
| (In Millions) — Balance, May 29, 2004 | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments — $ (7.9 | ) | Pension and Post-Retirement Liability Adjustments (net of tax) — $ (50.1 | ) | Unrealized Holding Period
Gains (Losses)
(net of tax) — $ 0.4 | | Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) — $ (57.6 | ) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Other comprehensive gain/(loss) in fiscal 2005 | 3.9 | | (10.4 | ) | (0.3 | ) | (6.8 | ) |
| Balance, May 28, 2005 | (4.0 | ) | (60.5 | ) | 0.1 | | (64.4 | ) |
| Other comprehensive gain/(loss) in fiscal 2006 | 1.2 | | 0.3 | | (0.4 | ) | 1.1 | |
| Balance, June 3, 2006 | (2.8 | ) | (60.2 | ) | (0.3 | ) | (63.3 | ) |
| Other comprehensive gain in fiscal 2007 | 3.3 | | 58.3 | | 0.1 | | 61.7 | |
| Adjustments to adopt SFAS No. 158 (1) | | | (50.0 | ) | | | (50.0 | ) |
| Balance, June 2, 2007 | $ 0.5 | | $ (51.9 | ) | $ (0.2 | ) | $ (51.6 | ) |
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(1) See discussion relative to the adoption of SFAS 158 below under New Accounting Standards in this footnote.
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Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements
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The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
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Change in Accounting Estimate
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In fiscal 2005, pretax operating expenses were reduced by $13.0 million due to reserve reductions resulting from an internal evaluation of reserves on open contract years with the General Services Administration (GSA). This evaluation was prompted by a settlement reached with the GSA during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2005 concerning a prior contract audit. The effect of this adjustment on fiscal 2005 Earnings Per ShareDiluted was an increase of approximately $0.12. Refer to Note 19 for further discussion regarding this settlement.
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Variable Interest Entities
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The company has provided subordinated debt to and/or guarantees on behalf of certain independent contract furniture dealerships. These relationships constitute variable interests under the provisions of FASB Interpretation No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities (FIN 46(R)). At June 2, 2007 and June 3, 2006, the company was not considered the primary beneficiary of any such dealer relationships as defined by FIN 46(R) and therefore, no entities were included as Variable Interest Entities (VIEs) as of these dates. Refer to Note 3 for further discussion regarding VIEs.
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The risks and rewards associated with the companys interests in these dealerships are primarily limited to its outstanding loans and guarantee amounts. As of June 2, 2007 and June 3, 2006, the companys maximum exposure to potential losses related to outstanding loans to these dealerships totaled $4.0 million and $4.6 million, respectively. Information on the companys exposure related to outstanding loan guarantees provided to such entities is included in Note 19.
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34 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 1 Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies (Continued)
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New Accounting Standards
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In November 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 151, Inventory Costs. This Statement amends the guidance in ARB No. 43, Chapter 4, Inventory Pricing, to clarify the accounting for abnormal amounts of idle facility expense, freight, handling costs, and wasted material (spoilage). SFAS 151 requires that those items be recognized as current-period charges. In addition, this Statement requires that fixed production overhead expenses be allocated to inventory based on the normal capacity of the production facilities. The company adopted SFAS 151 in the first quarter of fiscal 2007, and the resulting impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements was not material.
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In December 2004, the FASB issued a revision of SFAS No. 123, Share-Based Payment (SFAS 123(R)), which supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees. This statement focuses primarily on transactions in which an entity obtains employee services in exchange for share-based payments. Under SFAS 123(R), a public entity generally is required to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award, with such cost recognized over the requisite service period. This new accounting treatment is also required for any share-based payments to the companys Board of Directors. SFAS 123(R) also requires an entity to provide certain disclosures in order to assist in understanding the nature of share-based payment transactions and the effects of those transactions on the financial statements. The company adopted the provisions of SFAS 123(R) in the first quarter of fiscal 2007. Further information regarding the companys method of adoption and the resulting impact on net earnings and earnings per share is provided in Note 14.
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In June 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (FIN 48). This Interpretation clarifies the accounting for income taxes by prescribing the minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the companys Consolidated Financial Statements. The Interpretation also provides guidance for the measurement and classification of tax positions, interest and penalties, and requires additional disclosure on an annual basis. The company plans to adopt the provisions of the Interpretation effective June 3, 2007, as required.
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The company has not yet determined the effect the adoption of the Interpretation will have on the financial position of the company but does not anticipate a material impact. Any difference between the amounts recognized in the companys Consolidated Financial Statements prior to the adoption of the Interpretation and the amounts reported after the adoption will be accounted for as a cumulative-effect adjustment recorded in the beginning balance of retained earnings on June 3, 2007 and will not require restatement of prior periods.
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In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (SFAS 157). This new standard establishes a framework for measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities. This framework is intended to provide increased consistency in how fair value determinations are made under various existing accounting standards that permit, or in some cases require, estimates of fair market value. SFAS 157 also expands financial statement disclosure requirements about a companys use of fair value measurements, including the effect of such measures on earnings. The company is required to adopt this new accounting guidance at the beginning of fiscal 2009. While the company is currently evaluating the provisions of SFAS 157, the adoption is not expected to have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.
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In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158 Employers Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans (SFAS 158). SFAS 158 amends SFAS No. 87 Employers Accounting for Pensions, SFAS No. 88 Employers Accounting for Settlements and Curtailments of Defined Benefit Pension Plans and for Termination Benefits, SFAS No. 106 Employers Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other than Pensions and SFAS 132 Employers Disclosures about Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits. The amendments retain most of the existing measurement and disclosure guidance and will not change the amounts recognized in the companys Consolidated Statement of Operations. SFAS 158 requires companies to recognize a net asset or liability with an offset to equity, by which the defined-benefit postretirement obligation is over-funded or under-funded. SFAS 158 requires prospective application, and the recognition and disclosure requirements are effective for the companys annual financial statements for the fiscal year ending June 2, 2007. Further information regarding the companys method of adoption and the resulting impact to its financial statements is provided in Note 12.
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In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159 The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (SFAS 159). SFAS 159 expands the use of fair value measurement by permitting entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. The company is required to adopt SFAS 159 at the beginning of fiscal 2009 and is in the process of evaluating the applicability and potential impact to its financial statements.
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Reclassifications
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Certain prior year information has been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
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35 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
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2 Acquisitions and Divestitures
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During the first quarter of fiscal 2005, the company acquired certain assets and liabilities of Office Interiors, Inc., a contract furniture dealership primarily based in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, for $0.7 million. This resulted in the recognition of pre-tax income of $0.4 million due to the reversal of a financial guarantee liability because the company was released from the guarantee by the third-party as part of this transaction. The gain is reflected in Other Expenses (Income) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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During the first quarter of fiscal 2006, the company completed the sale of two wholly owned contract furniture dealerships: Workplace Resource based in Cleveland, Ohio, and WB Wood based in New York, New York. The sale of these dealerships corresponds with the companys strategy to continue pursuing opportunities to transition its owned dealerships to independent owners, as it is believed that independent ownership of contract furniture dealers is generally the best model for a strong distribution network. The company ceased consolidation of the dealerships balance sheets and results of operations since the respective dates of sale. In connection with these sale transactions, the company received total consideration of $5.7 million, of which $2.1 million represented cash proceeds, for net assets with a carrying value of $5.4 million. This resulted in a pre-tax gain on sale of $0.3 million, which is reflected as an offset to Selling, general, and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007, Convia, a subsidiary of Herman Miller, Inc. acquired a technology company for $3.5 million in cash. The intellectual property acquired in connection with this transaction is intended to enhance the functionality of Convias product offering.
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3 Variable Interest Entities
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At the end of fiscal year 2004, when the company adopted FIN 46(R), the company qualified as the primary beneficiary in certain of these relationships. This required the company to include the financial statements of these qualifying VIEs in its Consolidated Financial Statements. Since that time, triggering events occurred which allowed the company to cease the consolidation of these VIE financial statements. At June 2, 2007, the company was not considered the primary beneficiary in any of its independent dealer financing relationships.
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During the first quarter of fiscal 2005, a qualifying triggering event occurred with one of the VIEs, which resulted in reconsideration under FIN 46(R). Based on this reconsideration, it was determined that the company was no longer considered the primary beneficiary. As such, the company recorded the ownership transition and ceased consolidation of the independent dealership in the first quarter of fiscal 2005. This resulted in a pre-tax gain of $0.5 million, which is reflected in Other Expenses (Income) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. In connection with this ownership transition, the company incurred a $1.5 million cash outflow in the first quarter of fiscal 2005 related to the payment of the outstanding bank debt of the VIE.
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During the first quarter of fiscal 2006, a qualifying triggering event occurred with a VIE which resulted in reconsideration under FIN 46(R). Based on this reconsideration, it was determined that the company was no longer considered the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, the company ceased consolidation of the independent dealerships financial statements. This resulted in a pre-tax loss of $0.1 million which is reflected in Other Expenses (Income) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations in fiscal 2006.
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Consolidation of the VIE during the first quarter of fiscal 2006 increased the companys net sales by $6.8 million. Net earnings for the same period were not significantly affected, excluding the loss on ceasing consolidation, as the resulting earnings were primarily attributed to minority interest of $0.7 million.
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4 Inventories
| (In Millions) | June 2, 2007 | June 3, 2006 |
|---|---|---|
| Finished goods | $ 27.6 | $ 22.5 |
| Work in process | 14.3 | 12.7 |
| Raw materials | 14.1 | 11.9 |
| Total | $ 56.0 | $ 47.1 |
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Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market and include material, labor, and overhead. The inventories of the majority of domestic manufacturing subsidiaries are valued using the last-in, first-out method (LIFO). The inventories of all other subsidiaries are valued using the first-in, first-out method. Inventories valued using LIFO amounted to $21.6 million and $18.2 million as of June 2, 2007 and June 3, 2006, respectively. If all inventories had been valued using the first-in, first-out method, inventories would have been $12.1 million and $11.1 million higher than reported at June 2, 2007 and June 3, 2006, respectively.
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36 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
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- Prepaid Expenses and Other
| (In Millions) | June 2, 2007 | June 3, 2006 |
|---|---|---|
| Deferred income taxes (Note 15) | $ 10.4 | $ 16.3 |
| Taxes | 5.2 | 2.3 |
| Other | 32.7 | 29.3 |
| Total | $ 48.3 | $ 47.9 |
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- Other Assets
| (In Millions) | June 2, 2007 | June 3, 2006 |
|---|---|---|
| Notes receivable, less allowance of $1.9 in 2007 and $2.6 in 2006 | $ 2.0 | $ 2.0 |
| Pension intangible (Note 12) | | 1.4 |
| Prepaid pension benefits (Note 12) | 9.8 | |
| Other intangibles, net (Note 1) | 9.4 | 6.1 |
| Deferred income taxes (Note 15) | 3.2 | 4.8 |
| Other | 21.4 | 21.1 |
| Total | $ 45.8 | $ 35.4 |
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- Accrued Liabilities
| (In Millions) | June 2, 2007 | June 3, 2006 |
|---|---|---|
| Compensation and employee benefits | $ 95.0 | $ 97.4 |
| Income taxes (Note 15) | 2.0 | 10.6 |
| Other taxes | 7.6 | 8.4 |
| Unearned revenue | 13.3 | 15.3 |
| Warranty reserves (Note 19) | 14.6 | 14.9 |
| Charitable contributions | 2.2 | 1.6 |
| Customer advances | 4.1 | 3.2 |
| Other | 24.8 | 26.2 |
| Total | $ 163.6 | $ 177.6 |
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- Other Liabilities
| (In Millions) | June 2, 2007 | June 3, 2006 |
|---|---|---|
| Pension benefits (Note 12) | $ 5.1 | $ 15.2 |
| Post-retirement benefits (Note 12) | 17.3 | 8.4 |
| Other | 30.5 | 30.6 |
| Total | $ 52.9 | $ 54.2 |
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9 Notes Payable
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The company has available an unsecured revolving credit facility that provides for $150 million of borrowings and expires in October 2009. The agreement has an accordion feature enabling the credit facility to be increased by an additional $50 million, subject to certain conditions. Outstanding borrowings under the agreement bear interest at rates based on the prime, certificates of deposit, LIBOR, or negotiated rates as outlined in the agreement. Interest is payable periodically throughout the period a borrowing is outstanding. As of June 2, 2007, and June 3, 2006, the only usage against this facility is related to outstanding standby letters of credit totaling approximately $13.1 million and $13.2 million, respectively.
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37 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
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10 Long-Term Debt
| (In Millions) — Series C senior notes, 6.52%, due March 5, 2008 | June 2, 2007 — $ 3.0 | $ | 6.0 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debt securities, 7.125%, due March 15, 2011 | 175.0 | 175.0 | ||
| Fair value of interest rate swap arrangements | (1.8 | ) | (2.2 | ) |
| Subtotal | 176.2 | 178.8 | ||
| Less: current portion | 3.0 | 3.0 | ||
| Total | $ 173.2 | $ | 175.8 |
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The company previously issued $100.0 million of senior notes in a private placement to seven insurance companies of which $3.0 million and $6.0 million was outstanding at June 2, 2007, and June 3, 2006, respectively.
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Provisions of the senior notes and the unsecured senior revolving credit facility restrict, without prior consent, the companys borrowings, long-term leases, and sale of certain assets. In addition, the company has agreed to maintain certain financial performance ratios, which are based on earnings before taxes, interest expense, depreciation and amortization. At June 2, 2007 and June 3, 2006, the company was in compliance with all of these restrictions and performance ratios.
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On March 6, 2001, the company sold publicly registered debt securities totaling $175 million. These notes mature on March 15, 2011, and bear an annual interest rate of 7.125 percent, with interest payments due semi-annually.
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Annual maturities of long-term debt for the five fiscal years subsequent to June 2, 2007, are as follows.
| (In Millions) | |
|---|---|
| 2008 | $ 3.0 |
| 2009 | $ |
| 2010 | $ |
| 2011 | $ 175.0 |
| 2012 | $ |
| Thereafter | $ |
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The above amounts exclude the recorded fair value of the companys interest rate swap arrangements, which had a combined fair value of negative $1.8 million as of June 2, 2007. Additional information regarding interest rate swaps is provided in Note 17.
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11 Operating Leases
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The company leases real property and equipment under agreements that expire on various dates. Certain leases contain renewal provisions and generally require the company to pay utilities, insurance, taxes, and other operating expenses.
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Future minimum rental payments required under operating leases that have non-cancelable lease terms as of June 2, 2007, are as follows.
| (In Millions) | |
|---|---|
| 2008 | $ 18.8 |
| 2009 | $ 14.0 |
| 2010 | $ 10.2 |
| 2011 | $ 7.7 |
| 2012 | $ 4.9 |
| Thereafter | $ 9.2 |
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Total rental expense charged to operations was $24.8 million, $25.6 million, and $26.3 million, in fiscal 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively. Substantially all such rental expense represented the minimum rental payments under operating leases.
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38 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
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12 Employee Benefit Plans
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The company maintains plans that provide retirement benefits for substantially all employees.
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Pension Plans and Post-Retirement Medical and Life Insurance
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The principal domestic retirement plan is a defined-benefit plan with benefits determined by a cash balance calculation. Benefits under this plan are based upon an employees years of service and earnings. The company also offers certain employees retirement benefits under other domestic defined benefit plans, one of which covers employees subject to a collective bargaining arrangement. The company provides healthcare and life insurance benefits to employees who retired from service on or before a qualifying date in 1998. As of the qualifying date, the company discontinued offering post-retirement medical and life insurance benefits to future retirees. Benefits to qualifying retirees under this plan are based on the employees years of service and age at the date of retirement.
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In addition to the domestic pension and retiree healthcare and life insurance plans, one of the companys wholly owned foreign subsidiaries has a defined-benefit pension plan based upon an average final pay benefit calculation.
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The measurement date for the companys principal domestic and international pension plans as well as its post-retirement medical and life insurance plan is the last day of the fiscal year.
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As discussed in Note 1 under New Accounting Standards, the Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 158 as of June 2, 2007. SFAS No. 158 requires recognition of the overfunded or underfunded status of defined benefit plans as an asset or liability. As a result of the adoption, the company recognized in its June 2, 2007 consolidated balance sheet, an additional $78.2 million liability with corresponding changes in accumulated other comprehensive income and deferred taxes of $50.0 million and $28.2 million, respectively. The adoption of SFAS No. 158 did not require a restatement of prior periods
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Benefit Obligations and Funded Status
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The following table presents, for the fiscal years noted, a summary of the changes in the projected benefit obligation, plan assets, and funded status of the companys domestic and international pension plans and post-retirement plan.
| Pension Benefits | Post-Retirement Benefits | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 2006 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
| (In Millions) | Domestic | International | Domestic | International | ||||||||
| Change in benefit obligation: | ||||||||||||
| Benefit obligation at beginning of year | $ 255.9 | $ | 73.4 | $ 255.7 | $ 58.3 | $ 16.1 | $ 17.8 | |||||
| Service cost | 8.8 | 2.2 | 8.3 | 1.7 | | | ||||||
| Interest cost | 16.0 | 3.7 | 14.3 | 3.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||
| Foreign exchange impact | | 3.9 | | 2.2 | | | ||||||
| Actuarial (gain)/loss | 7.5 | (4.8 | ) | (5.1 | ) | 8.5 | 1.4 | (1.1 | ) | |||
| Employee contributions | | 0.5 | | 0.4 | | | ||||||
| Benefits paid | (13.7 | ) | (1.0 | ) | (17.3 | ) | (0.8 | ) | (1.2 | ) | (1.6 | ) |
| Benefit obligation at end of year | $ 274.5 | $ | 77.9 | $ 255.9 | $ 73.4 | $ 17.3 | $ 16.1 | |||||
| Change in plan assets: | ||||||||||||
| Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year | $ 252.1 | $ | 54.5 | $ 231.8 | $ 41.9 | $ | $ | |||||
| Actual return on plan assets | 44.3 | 10.7 | 17.4 | 6.8 | | | ||||||
| Foreign exchange impact | | 3.3 | | 1.7 | | | ||||||
| Employer contributions | 1.6 | 4.8 | 20.2 | 4.5 | 1.2 | 1.6 | ||||||
| Employee contributions | | 0.5 | | 0.4 | | | ||||||
| Benefits paid | (13.7 | ) | (1.0 | ) | (17.3 | ) | (0.8 | ) | (1.2 | ) | (1.6 | ) |
| Fair value of plan assets at end of year | 284.3 | 72.8 | 252.1 | 54.5 | | | ||||||
| Over (under) funded status at end of year | $ 9.8 | $ | (5.1 | ) | $ (3.8 | ) | $ (18.9 | ) | $ (17.3 | ) | $ (16.1 | ) |
| Unrecognized transition amount | $ | $ 0.1 | $ | |||||||||
| Unrecognized net actuarial loss | 92.0 | 24.6 | 7.3 | |||||||||
| Unrecognized prior service cost | (14.0 | ) | | 0.4 | ||||||||
| Prepaid (accrued) benefit cost | $ 74.2 | $ 5.8 | $ (8.4 | ) |
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39 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 12 Employee Benefit Plans (Continued)
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The components of the amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows.
| (In Millions) | Pension Benefits | Post-Retirement Benefits | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 2006 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||
| Domestic | International | Domestic | International | ||||||||
| Non-current assets | $ 9.8 | $ | $ 1.3 | $ 0.1 | $ | $ | |||||
| Non-current liabilities | | (5.1 | ) | (3.8 | ) | (11.4 | ) | (17.3 | ) | (8.4 | ) |
| $ 9.8 | $ (5.1 | ) | $ (2.5 | ) | $ (11.3 | ) | $ (17.3 | ) | $ (8.4 | ) |
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The accumulated benefit obligation for the companys domestic employee benefit plans totaled $274.5 million and $255.9 million as of the end of fiscal years 2007 and 2006, respectively. For its international plans, these amounts totaled $69.5 million and $65.8 million as of the same dates, respectively.
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The components of the amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss before the effect of income taxes are as follows.
| (In Millions) | Pension Benefits — 2007 | 2006 | Post-Retirement Benefits — 2007 | 2006 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domestic | International | Domestic | International | ||||
| Unrecognized net actuarial loss | $ 2.9 | $ | | $ 76.7 | $ 17.1 | $ | $ |
| Adjustments to adopt SFAS 158: | |||||||
| Additional unrecognized net | |||||||
| actuarial loss | 68.6 | 12.9 | | | 8.0 | | |
| Unrecognized prior service cost | (11.7 | ) | | | | 0.3 | |
| Unrecognized transition amount | | 0.1 | | | | | |
| $ 59.8 | $ | 13.0 | $ 76.7 | $ 17.1 | $ 8.3 | $ |
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Components of Net Periodic Benefit Costs
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The following table is a summary of the annual cost of the companys pension and post-retirement plans.
| (In Millions) | Pension Benefits — 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | Post-Retirement Benefits — 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domestic: | |||||||||
| Service cost | $ 8.8 | $ | 8.3 | $ | 8.0 | $ | $ | $ | |
| Interest cost | 16.0 | 14.3 | 14.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||
| Expected return on plan assets | (21.2 | ) | (21.1 | ) | (22.3 | ) | | | |
| Net amortization (gain)/loss | 2.5 | 2.0 | (1.0 | ) | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.6 | ||
| Net periodic benefit cost (credit) | $ 6.1 | $ | 3.5 | $ | (0.4 | ) | $ 1.8 | $ 1.6 | $ 1.6 |
| International: | |||||||||
| Service cost | $ 2.2 | $ | 1.7 | $ | 1.6 | ||||
| Interest cost | 3.7 | 3.1 | 2.7 | ||||||
| Expected return on plan assets | (4.3 | ) | (3.4 | ) | (3.4 | ) | |||
| Net amortization | 1.6 | 1.0 | 0.3 | ||||||
| Net periodic benefit cost | $ 3.2 | $ | 2.4 | $ | 1.2 | ||||
| Total net periodic benefit cost | $ 9.3 | $ | 5.9 | $ | 0.8 | $ 1.8 | $ 1.6 | $ 1.6 |
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The net prior service credit and actuarial loss included in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized in net periodic benefit cost during fiscal 2008 is $(2.1) million ($(1.3) million, net of tax) and $6.2 million ($4.0 million, net of tax), respectively.
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In connection with the initial adoption of FASB Staff Position 106-2 Accounting and Disclosure Requirements Related to the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003, (FSP 106-2) on August 29, 2004, and the finalization of the Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Rules on January 28, 2005, the company determined that its retiree healthcare plan provides a benefit that is actuarially equivalent to that provided in Medicare Part D coverage and remeasured its plans accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation (APBO) to incorporate applicable effects of the Act since its date of enactment. The remeasurements were taken in the second quarter and third quarter of fiscal 2005, which resulted in a reduction to the APBO for the subsidy related to benefits attributed to past service. This reduction in the APBO was accounted for as an actuarial experience gain. As permitted under FSP 106-2, the company elected to apply the results of the remeasurements prospectively. As such, the gain has been included in the total unrecognized net actuarial loss for the plan and will be accounted for through amortization in future periods as a reduction of net periodic benefit cost.
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40 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 12 Employee Benefit Plans (Continued)
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As of May 28, 2005, the recognition of the Medicare Act subsidy reduced the APBO by $3.3 million. The following summarizes the effects of the Medicare Act subsidy on net periodic post-retirement benefit cost in fiscal year 2005 since the adoption of FSP 106-2 in the second quarter.
| (In Millions) | 2005 | |
|---|---|---|
| Amortization of the actuarial experience gain | $ (0.2 | ) |
| Reduction in interest costs | (0.2 | ) |
| Total reduction in net periodic benefit cost | $ (0.4 | ) |
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Actuarial Assumptions
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The weighted-average actuarial assumptions used to determine the benefit obligation amounts as of the end of the fiscal year for our pension plans and post-retirement plans are as follows.
| U.S. | International | U.S. | International | U.S. | International | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Discount rate | 6.00 | 5.50 | 6.50 | 5.00 | 5.75 | 5.25 |
| Compensation increase rate | 4.50 | 4.50 | 4.50 | 4.25 | 4.50 | 4.25 |
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Indent Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Default"
The weighted-average actuarial assumptions used to determine the net periodic benefit cost are established at the end of the previous fiscal year for the subsequent fiscal years as follows.
| U.S. | International | U.S. | International | U.S. | International | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Discount rate | 6.50 | 5.00 | 5.75 | 5.25 | 6.50 | 5.75 |
| Compensation increase rate | 4.50 | 4.25 | 4.50 | 4.25 | 4.50 | 4.25 |
| Expected return on plan assets | 8.50 | 7.75 | 8.50 | 8.00 | 8.50 | 8.00 |
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Indent Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
In calculating post-retirement benefit obligations, a 10 percent annual rate of increase in the per capita cost of covered healthcare benefits was assumed for 2007, decreasing gradually to 5.0 percent by 2014 and remaining at that level thereafter. For purposes of calculating post-retirement benefit costs, a 9.0 percent annual rate of increase in the per capita cost of covered healthcare benefits was assumed for 2007, decreasing gradually to 5.0 percent by 2010 and remaining at that level thereafter.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Indent Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Default"
Assumed health care cost-trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts reported for retiree health care costs. A one-percentage-point change in the assumed health care cost-trend rates would have the following effects:
| (In Millions) | 1 Percent Increase | 1 Percent Decrease | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Effect on total fiscal 2007 service and interest cost components | $ 0.1 | $ (0. | 1) |
| Effect on post-retirement benefit obligation at June 2, 2007 | $ 1.3 | $ (1. | 1) |
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Left Bold n Italics" FSL="Project"
Plan Assets and Investment Strategies
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Flush (Regular) Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
The companys primary domestic and international plan assets consist mainly of listed common stocks, mutual funds, and fixed income obligations. The companys primary objective for invested pension plan assets is to provide for sufficient long-term growth and liquidity to satisfy all of its benefit obligations over time. Accordingly, the company has developed an investment strategy that it believes maximizes the probability of meeting this overall objective. This strategy includes the development of a target investment allocation by asset category in order to provide guidelines for making investment decisions. This target allocation emphasizes the long-term characteristics of individual asset classes as well as the diversification among multiple asset classes. In developing its strategy, the company considered the need to balance the varying risks associated with each asset class with the long-term nature of its benefit obligations. The companys strategy places an emphasis on the philosophy that, over the long-term, equities will outperform fixed income investments. Accordingly, the majority of plan assets are managed within various forms of equity investments.
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41 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 12 Employee Benefit Plans (Continued)
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The company utilizes independent investment managers to assist with investment decisions within the overall guidelines of the strategy.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Indent Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
The asset allocation for the companys primary pension plans at the end of fiscal 2007 and 2006 and the target allocation by asset category are as follows:
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Left Bold n Italics" FSL="Project"
Primary Domestic Plan
| (Percentages) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Asset | |||
| Allocation | 2007 | 2006 | |
| Asset Category | |||
| Equities | 59 - 80 | 77.7 | 72.9 |
| Fixed Income | 20 - 28 | 21.7 | 24.3 |
| Other (1) | 0 - 5 | 0.6 | 2.8 |
| Total | 100.0 | 100.0 |
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Left Italic-TNR" FSL="Project"
Primary International Plan
| (Percentages) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Asset | |||
| Allocation (2) | 2007 | 2006 | |
| Asset Category | |||
| Equities | 60 - 90 | 83.9 | 86.7 |
| Fixed Income | 10 - 30 | 8.8 | 8.6 |
| Other (1) | 0 - 10 | 3.5 | 1.7 |
| Real Estate | 0 | 3.8 | 3.0 |
| Total | 100.0 | 100.0 |
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Numbered List - Hang Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
(1) Primarily includes cash and equivalents.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Numbered List - Hang Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
(2) Represents a newly established target. Actual asset allocation will continue to be adjusted during fiscal 2008.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Left Bold n Italics" FSL="Project"
Cash Flows
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The company is currently determining what voluntary pension plan contributions, if any, will be made in fiscal 2008. Actual contributions will be dependent upon investment returns, changes in pension obligations, and other economic and regulatory factors.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Indent Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Default"
The following represents a summary of the benefits expected to be paid by the company in future fiscal years. These expected benefits were estimated based on the same actuarial valuation assumptions that were used to determine benefit obligations at year-end.
| | Pension
Benefits | Post-Retirement Benefits — Before
Medicare Act
Subsidy | Effects of
Medicare Act
Subsidy | | After
Medicare Act
Subsidy |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Domestic: | | | | | |
| 2008 | $ 20.7 | $ 1.9 | $ (0.3 | ) | $ 1.6 |
| 2009 | 21.7 | 1.9 | (0.3 | ) | 1.6 |
| 2010 | 23.1 | 1.9 | (0.3 | ) | 1.6 |
| 2011 | 23.3 | 2.0 | (0.4 | ) | 1.6 |
| 2012 | 19.6 | 2.0 | (0.4 | ) | 1.6 |
| 2013-2017 | 114.7 | 9.1 | (1.8 | ) | 7.3 |
| International: | | | | | |
| 2008 | $ 1.0 | | | | |
| 2009 | 1.1 | | | | |
| 2010 | 1.2 | | | | |
| 2011 | 1.3 | | | | |
| 2012 | 1.4 | | | | |
| 2013-2017 | 8.7 | | | | |
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42 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 12 Employee Benefit Plans (Continued)
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Profit Sharing and 401(k) Plan
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Flush (Regular) Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
Herman Miller, Inc. has a trusteed profit sharing plan that includes substantially all domestic employees. These employees are eligible to begin participating on their date of hire. The plan provides for discretionary contributions (payable in the companys common stock) of not more than 6.0 percent of employees wages based on the companys financial performance. The cost of the companys profit sharing contributions charged against operations in fiscal 2007, 2006, and 2005, was $12.2 million, $13.9 million, and $8.8 million, respectively.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Indent Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
The company matches 50 percent of employee contributions to their 401(k) accounts up to 6.0 percent of their pay. The cost of the companys matching contributions charged against operations was approximately $6.6 million, $6.7 million, and $6.0 million, in fiscal 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively.
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13 Common Stock and Per Share Information
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The following table reconciles the numerators and denominators used in the calculations of basic and diluted EPS for each of the last three fiscal years.
| (In Millions, Except Shares) | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Numerators: | |||
| Numerators for both basic and diluted EPS, net earnings | $ 129.1 | $ 99.2 | $ 68.0 |
| Denominators: | |||
| Denominators for basic EPS, weighted-average common shares outstanding | 64,318,034 | 67,861,900 | 70,174,618 |
| Potentially dilutive shares resulting from stock plans | 743,236 | 639,239 | 654,409 |
| Denominator for diluted EPS | 65,061,270 | 68,501,139 | 70,829,027 |
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Indent Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
Options to purchase 710,516 shares, 369,817 shares, and 676,170 shares of common stock have not been included in the denominator for the computation of diluted earnings per share for the fiscal years ended June 2, 2007, June 3, 2006, and May 28, 2005, respectively, because they were anti-dilutive.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Left Bold-TNR" FSL="Project"
14 Stock-Based Compensation
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The company utilizes equity-based compensation incentives as a component of its employee and non-employee director and officer compensation philosophy. Currently, these incentives consist principally of stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units. The company also offers a discounted stock purchase plan for its domestic and international employees. The Company issues shares in connection with its share-based compensation plans from authorized, but unissued, shares.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Left Bold n Italics" FSL="Project"
Valuation and Expense Information
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In December 2004, the FASB issued a revision of SFAS No. 123, Share-Based Payment (SFAS 123(R)), which supersedes Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (APB 25). SFAS 123(R) generally requires companies to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on their grant-date fair market value and to recognize this cost over the requisite service period. The company adopted SFAS 123(R) as of the beginning of its 2007 fiscal year, using the modified prospective method. Under this method, compensation expense recognized by the company in fiscal 2007, included: (a) compensation cost for all stock-based payments granted prior to, but not yet vested as of June 3, 2006, based on the grant-date fair value estimate in accordance with the original provisions of SFAS 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, and (b) compensation cost for all stock-based payments granted subsequent to June 3, 2006, based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with SFAS 123(R). Results of prior periods have not been restated.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Indent Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
Prior to the adoption of SFAS 123(R), the company accounted for its stock-based compensation plans under the recognition and measurement principles of APB 25 and related Interpretations. Under this method, compensation expense related to stock options was recognized only if the market price of the stock underlying an award on the date of grant exceeded the related exercise price. Expense attributable to other types of stock-based awards, such as restricted stock grants and restricted stock units, was recognized in the companys reported results under APB 25.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Indent Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
Certain of the companys equity-based compensation awards contain provisions that allow for continued vesting into retirement. Prior to adoption of SFAS 123(R), when following the provisions of APB 25, the company recognized compensation expense related to these awards over the vesting period plus any required performance period, without regard to when an employee became eligible for retirement. Under SFAS 123(R), a stock-based award is considered fully vested for expense attribution purposes when the employees retention of the award is no longer contingent on providing subsequent service.
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43 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 14 Stock-Based Compensation (Continued)
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Indent Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
The company classifies pre-tax stock-based compensation expense primarily within Operating Expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Related expenses charged to Cost of Sales are not material. For the year ended June 2, 2007, pre-tax compensation expense for all types of stock-based programs and the related income tax benefit recognized was $4.9 million and $1.6 million, respectively. As a result of adopting SFAS 123(R) at the beginning of fiscal 2007, the companys reported pre-tax stock-based compensation expense for the year ended June 2, 2007, was approximately $3.0 million higher than it would have been under APB 25. The incremental stock-based compensation expense effectively reduced basic and diluted earnings per share in fiscal 2007, by $0.03 each.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Indent Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Default"
The following table reconciles reported net earnings and per share information to pro forma net earnings and per share information that would have been reported if the fair value method had been used to account for stock-based employee compensation in fiscal years 2006 and 2005.
| (In Millions, Except Per Share Data) — Net earnings, as reported | 2006 — $ 99.2 | $ | 68.0 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Addback: Total stock-based employee compensation expense | ||||
| included in net earnings, as reported, net of related tax effects | 1.6 | 1.1 | ||
| Less: Total stock-based employee compensation expense determined | ||||
| under fair value based method for all awards, net of related tax effects | (3.4 | ) | (7.2 | ) |
| Pro forma net earnings | $ 97.4 | $ | 61.9 | |
| Earnings per share: | ||||
| Basic, as reported | $ 1.46 | $ | 0.97 | |
| Basic, pro forma | $ 1.44 | $ | 0.88 | |
| Diluted, as reported | $ 1.45 | $ | 0.96 | |
| Diluted, pro forma | $ 1.42 | $ | 0.87 |
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Indent Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
As of June 2, 2007, total pre-tax stock-based compensation cost not yet recognized related to non-vested awards was approximately $7.1 million. The weighted-average period over which this amount is expected to be recognized is 2.29 years.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Indent Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Default"
The company estimated the fair value of employee stock options on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model. In determining these values, the following weighted-average assumptions were used for the periods indicated.
| 2007 | 2006 (5) | 2005 (5) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Risk-free interest rates (1) | 4.33-4.95% | 3.72-4.38% | 2.04-3.42% |
| Expected term of options (2) | 1.7-5.0 years | 1.6-5.0 years | 1.2-4.0 years |
| Expected volatility (3) | 28% | 30% | 28-31% |
| Dividend yield (4) | 1.0% | 1.0% | 1.0% |
| Weighted-average grant-date fair value of | |||
| stock options: | |||
| Granted with exercise prices equal to the | |||
| fair market value of the stock on the date of grant | $ 9.38 | $ 7.68 | $ 5.68 |
| Granted with exercise prices greater than | |||
| the fair market value of the stock on the date of grant | $ 7.48 | $ 8.02 | N/A |
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="a no br" FSL="Project"
(1) Represents the U.S. Treasury yield over the same period as the expected option term.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="a no br" FSL="Project"
(2) Represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. Based on analysis of historical option exercise activity, the company has determined that all employee groups exhibit similar exercise and post-vesting termination behavior.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Numbered List - Hang Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
(3) Amount is determined based on analysis of historical price volatility of the companys common stock over a period equal to the expected term of the options. The company also utilizes a market-based or implied volatility measure, on exchange-traded options in the companys common stock, as a reference in determining this assumption.
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(4) Represents the companys estimated cash dividend yield over the expected term of options. (5) Assumptions used for pro forma purposes.
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Stock-based compensation expense recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended June 2, 2007, has been reduced for estimated forfeitures, as it is based on awards ultimately expected to vest. SFAS 123(R) requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Forfeitures were estimated based on historical experience. In the companys pro forma information, which was required under SFAS No. 123 for the periods prior to fiscal 2007, the company accounted for forfeitures as they occurred. The cumulative effect of the change in accounting for forfeitures was not material.
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44 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 14 Stock-Based Compensation (Continued)
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Indent Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
Adoption of SFAS 123(R) also affected the presentation of cash flows. The change is related to tax benefits arising from tax deductions that exceed the amount of compensation expense recognized (excess tax benefits) in the financial statements. For the year ended June 2, 2007, cash flows from operating activities were reduced by $6.7 million and cash flows from financing activities were increased by $6.7 million from amounts that would have been reported if the company had not adopted SFAS 123(R). For the years ended June 3, 2006 and May 28, 2005, the amount of tax benefits arising from tax deductions exceeding the amount of compensation expense included in cash flows from operating activities was $3.7 million and $4.8 million, respectively.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Left Bold n Italics" FSL="Project"
Employee Stock Purchase Program
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Under the terms of the companys Employee Stock Purchase Plan, 4 million shares of authorized common stock were reserved for purchase by plan participants at 85.0 percent of the market price. The company recognized $0.5 million of pre-tax compensation expense related to employee stock purchases for the fiscal year ended June 2, 2007.
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Stock Option Plans
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The company has stock option plans under which options to purchase the companys stock are granted to employees and non-employee directors and officers at a price not less than the market price of the companys common stock on the date of grant. All options become exercisable between one year and three years from date of grant and expire two to ten years from date of grant. The options are subject to graded vesting with the related compensation expense recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. At June 2, 2007, there were 6.2 million shares available for future options.
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The following is a summary of the transactions under the companys stock option plans.
| Outstanding at May 29, 2004 | 7,857,838 | Weighted-Average Exercise Prices — $ 24.14 | 4.29 | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (In Millions) — $ 9.7 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Granted at Market | 249,761 | $ 26.34 | |||
| Granted>Market | | | |||
| Exercised | (2,478,810 | ) | $ 22.94 | ||
| Forfeited | (245,777 | ) | $ 27.55 | ||
| Outstanding at May 28, 2005 | 5,383,012 | $ 24.64 | 3.93 | $ 27.9 | |
| Granted at Market | 110,010 | $ 28.36 | |||
| Granted>Market | 356,713 | $ 33.51 | |||
| Exercised | (1,451,143 | ) | $ 23.30 | ||
| Forfeited | (67,884 | ) | $ 31.56 | ||
| Outstanding at June 3, 2006 | 4,330,708 | $ 25.80 | 3.88 | $ 20.8 | |
| Granted at Market | 94,205 | $ 34.87 | |||
| Granted>Market | 385,286 | $ 30.54 | |||
| Exercised | (1,886,326 | ) | $ 25.01 | ||
| Forfeited | (63,751 | ) | $ 29.72 | ||
| Outstanding at June 2, 2007 | 2,860,122 | $ 27.18 | 4.82 | $ 26.8 | |
| Ending vested + Expected to vest | 2,814,562 | $ 27.10 | 4.76 | $ 26.6 | |
| Exercisable at end of period | 2,184,029 | $ 25.65 | 3.79 | $ 23.8 |
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Indent Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
Pre-tax compensation expense related to these options totaled $2.5 million for fiscal 2007. On a pro forma basis, compensation expense related to these options totaled $1.6 million and $8.8 million, for fiscal 2006 and 2005, respectively.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Indent Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
The total pre-tax intrinsic value of options exercised during fiscal 2007, 2006 and 2005 was $19.8 million, $11.5 million and $14.4 million, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value in the preceding table represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value, based on the companys closing stock price as of the end of the period presented, which would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised in-the-money options as of that date.
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45 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 14 Stock-Based Compensation (Continued)
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The following is a summary of stock options outstanding at June 2, 2007.
| Range of Exercise Price | Outstanding Stock Options — Shares | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) | Weighted-Average Exercise Prices | Exercisable Stock Options — Shares | Weighted-Average Exercise Prices |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $16.29-25.00 | 1,122,542 | 4.04 | $ 23.36 | 1,122,542 | $ 23.36 |
| $25.06-29.75 | 957,289 | 3.06 | $ 27.48 | 957,289 | $ 27.48 |
| $30.54-38.13 | 780,291 | 8.12 | $ 32.29 | 104,198 | $ 33.52 |
| Total | 2,860,122 | 4.82 | $ 27.18 | 2,184,029 | $ 25.65 |
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Left Bold n Italics" FSL="Project"
Restricted Stock Grants
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The company grants restricted common stock to certain key employees. Shares are granted in the name of the employee, who has all rights of a shareholder, subject to certain restrictions on transferability and a risk of forfeiture. The grants are subject to either cliff-based or graded vesting over a period not to exceed five years, subject to forfeiture if the employee ceases to be employed by the company for certain reasons. After the vesting period, the restrictions on transferability lapse. The company recognizes the related compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. A summary of shares subject to restrictions follows.
| Shares | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value | 2006 — Shares | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value | 2005 — Shares | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outstanding, at beginning of year | 140,484 | $ 25.12 | 184,221 | $ 24.89 | 148,780 | $ 23.81 | |||
| Granted | 5,050 | $ 33.68 | | $ | 100,000 | $ 25.80 | |||
| Forfeited | | $ | | $ | | $ | |||
| Vested | (39,533 | ) | $ 23.87 | (43,737 | ) | $ 24.13 | (64,559 | ) | $ 23.82 |
| Outstanding, at end of year | 106,001 | $ 26.00 | 140,484 | $ 25.12 | 184,221 | $ 24.89 |
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Indent Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
Pre-tax compensation expense related to these awards totaled $0.7 million, $1.5 million and $1.6 million, for the years ended June 2, 2007, June, 3, 2006 and May 28, 2005, respectively. The weighted-average remaining recognition period of the outstanding restricted shares at June 2, 2007, was 2.18 years. The fair value on the dates of vesting for shares that vested during the twelve months ended June 2, 2007, was $1.3 million.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Left Bold n Italics" FSL="Project"
Restricted Stock Units
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Flush (Regular) Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Default"
The company grants restricted stock units to certain key employees. This program provides that the actual number of restricted stock units awarded is tied in part to the companys annual financial performance for the year on which the grant is based. The awards generally cliff-vest after a five-year service period, with prorated vesting under certain circumstances and continued vesting into retirement. Each restricted stock unit represents one equivalent share of the companys common stock to be awarded, free of restrictions, after the vesting period. Compensation expense related to these awards is recognized over the requisite service period, which includes any applicable performance period. Dividend equivalent awards are granted quarterly. The following is a summary of restricted stock unit transactions for the years ended June 2, 2007 and June 3, 2006.
| Share Units | Aggregate Intrinsic Value in Millions | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) | 2006 — Share Units | Aggregate Intrinsic Value in Millions | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outstanding, at beginning of year | 80,062 | $ 2.4 | 4.07 | | | |
| Granted | 109,318 | 83,120 | ||||
| Forfeited | (10,379 | ) | (2,882 | ) | ||
| Released | (1,527 | ) | (176 | ) | ||
| Outstanding, at end of year | 177,474 | $ 6.5 | 3.68 | 80,062 | $ 2.4 | 4.07 |
| Ending vested and expected to vest | 154,808 | $ 5.7 | 3.68 | 70,105 | $ 2.1 | 4.07 |
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46 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 14 Stock-Based Compensation (Continued)
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The company recognized pre-tax compensation expense related to restricted stock units of $1.1 million in fiscal 2007, $1.1 million in fiscal 2006 and $0.2 million in fiscal 2005.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Left Bold n Italics" FSL="Project"
Key Executive Deferred Compensation Plan
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Flush (Regular) Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
The company established the Herman Miller, Inc., Key Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, which allows certain executives to defer receipt of all or a portion of their cash incentive bonus. The company may make a matching contribution of 30 percent of the executives contribution up to 50 percent of the deferred cash incentive bonus.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Para Flush (Regular) Lv 0-TNR" FSL="Project"
The companys matching contribution vests at the rate of 33 1/3 percent annually. In accordance with the terms of the plan, the executive deferral and company matching contribution have been placed in a Rabbi trust, which invests solely in the companys common stock. These Rabbi trust arrangements offer the executive a degree of assurance for ultimate payment of benefits without causing constructive receipt for income tax purposes. Distributions to the executive from the Rabbi trust can only be made in the form of the companys common stock. The assets in the Rabbi trust remain subject to the claims of creditors of the company and are not the property of the executive and are, therefore, included as a separate component of shareholders equity under the caption Key Executive Stock Programs.
MARKER FORMAT-SHEET="Left Bold n Italics" FSL="Project"
Director Fees
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During fiscal 2000, the Board of Directors approved a plan that allows the Board members to elect to receive their director fees in one or more of the following forms: cash, deferred compensation in the form of shares, unrestricted company stock at the market value at the date of election, or stock options that vest in one year and expire in ten years. The exercise price of the stock options granted may not be less than the market price of the companys common stock on the date of grant. Under the plan, the Board members received the following in the fiscal years indicated.
| Options | 9,494 | 28,369 | 23,603 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shares of common stock | 5,637 | 6,967 | 8,187 |
| Shares through the deferred compensation program | 6,529 | 8,633 | 3,903 |
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15 Income Taxes
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The components of earnings before income taxes are as follows.
| (In Millions) | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Domestic | $ 149.9 | $ 124.4 | $ 96.2 |
| Foreign | 37.1 | 23.2 | 16.6 |
| Total | $ 187.0 | $ 147.6 | $ 112.8 |
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The provision (benefit) for income taxes consists of the following.
| (In Millions) — Current: Domestic - Federal | 2007 — $ 38.7 | 2006 — $ 35.7 | $ | 29.3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domestic - State | 3.7 | 3.3 | 3.2 | |
| Foreign | 12.3 | 8.3 | 4.9 | |
| Subtotal | 54.7 | 47.3 | 37.4 | |
| Deferred: Domestic - Federal | 1.6 | 1.6 | 5.3 | |
| Domestic - State | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.2 | |
| Foreign | 0.7 | (1.5 | ) | 1.8 |
| Subtotal | 3.2 | 0.4 | 7.3 | |
| Total income tax provision | $ 57.9 | $ 47.7 | $ | 44.7 |
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47 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 15 Income Taxes (Continued)
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The following table represents a reconciliation of income taxes at the United States statutory rate with the effective tax rate as follows.
| (In Millions) | 2007 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Income taxes computed at the United States | ||||||
| Statutory rate of 35% | $ 65.5 | $ | 51.7 | $ | 39.5 | |
| Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from: | ||||||
| Dividend planned under the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 | | | 4.4 | |||
| Foreign tax credits | (1.4 | ) | (0.4 | ) | (7.0 | ) |
| Valuation allowance adjustments | (2.8 | ) | (1.5 | ) | 8.0 | |
| Tax reserve adjustments | 0.2 | 2.1 | 0.3 | |||
| Other, net | (3.6 | ) | (4.2 | ) | (0.5 | ) |
| Income tax expense | $ 57.9 | $ | 47.7 | $ | 44.7 | |
| Effective tax rate | 31.0 | % | 32.3 | % | 39.6 | % |
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During fiscal 2007, the company had higher than anticipated foreign tax credits. Because of these increased credits and the companys anticipated future foreign source income, the company determined that its existing foreign tax credit carryforward no longer required a $2.9 million valuation allowance.
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Also in fiscal 2007, the company was granted a tax holiday from the Ningbo Economic and Technological Development Commission in China. This agreement provides, starting with the first year of cumulative profits, for the company to be taxed at reduced rate for five years. For fiscal year 2007, the companys Ningbo, China operations incurred a loss, therefore, it did not use any benefits of the tax holiday.
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In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2005, the company recorded tax expense of $4.4 million on a repatriation dividend of $45 million the company planned under the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, as further discussed below. Also in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2005, the company recorded foreign tax credits of $7.0 million associated with the repatriation dividend declared under the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 and an additional valuation allowance of $8.0 million, primarily due to those foreign tax credits.
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FSP 109-1 and FSP 109-2 became effective in December 2004. This guidance was issued in response to the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (the Act). This Act includes a tax deduction up to 9 percent (when fully phased-in) of the lesser of (a) qualified production activities income, as defined in the Act, or (b) taxable income (after the deduction for the utilization of any net operating loss carryforwards). According to FSP 109-1, this deduction should be accounted for as a special deduction, rather than as a rate reduction, in accordance with Statement 109. The tax benefit of the special deduction is recognized under Statement 109 as it is earned. As such, FSP 109-1 did not have an effect on the companys Consolidated Financial Statements upon adoption in fiscal 2005. Rather, the company began recognizing the benefit of this special deduction starting in the first quarter of fiscal year 2006, which reduced the companys effective tax rate.
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The Act also provides for a one-time tax deduction of 85 percent of certain foreign earnings that are repatriated within a specified time frame. In order to qualify for the deduction, the earnings must be reinvested in the United States pursuant to a domestic reinvestment plan established by the companys Chief Executive Officer and approved by its Board of Directors. Certain other criteria in the Act must be satisfied as well. On May 10, 2005, the Internal Revenue Service and Department of Treasury issued guidance concerning the calculation of tax on distributions under Section 965 of the Internal Revenue Code. Based on this guidance, the company repatriated approximately $45 million of undistributed foreign earnings under the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, which resulted in related income tax expense of $4.4 million in fiscal year 2005. During the first quarter of fiscal 2006, the company repatriated approximately $35 million of undistributed foreign earnings under the Act. The company repatriated an additional $9 million of undistributed foreign earnings in the second quarter of fiscal 2006. Based on the taxes accrued, no additional taxes were recorded on the actual dividends paid. These dividends were fully reinvested in fiscal 2006 pursuant to the domestic reinvestment plan signed by the companys Chief Executive Officer and approved by its Board of Directors.
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48 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 15 Income Taxes (Continued)
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The tax effects and types of temporary differences that give rise to significant components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities at June 2, 2007 and June 3, 2006, are as follows.
| (In Millions) | 2007 | 2006 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deferred tax assets: | ||||
| Compensation-related accruals | $ 6.8 | $ 6.4 | ||
| Accrued pension and post-retirement benefit obligations | 8.2 | 10.8 | ||
| Reserves for inventory | 1.6 | 2.0 | ||
| Reserves for uncollectible accounts and notes receivable | 1.9 | 2.9 | ||
| Restructuring and asset impairments | 0.1 | 3.9 | ||
| Warranty | 4.6 | 4.5 | ||
| State and local tax net operating loss carryforwards | 4.4 | 5.6 | ||
| Tax basis in property in excess of book basis | 3.7 | 2.9 | ||
| State credits | 1.8 | 1.8 | ||
| Foreign tax net operating loss carryforwards | 5.2 | 4.6 | ||
| Foreign tax credits | 2.8 | 6.7 | ||
| Other | 7.7 | 8.0 | ||
| Subtotal | 48.8 | 60.1 | ||
| Valuation allowance | (9.2 | ) | (13.6 | ) |
| Total | $ 39.6 | $ 46.5 | ||
| Deferred tax liabilities: | ||||
| Capitalized software costs | $ (18.3 | ) | $ (17.9 | ) |
| Prepaid employee benefits | (5.6 | ) | (5.2 | ) |
| Other | (2.1 | ) | (2.3 | ) |
| Total | $ (26.0 | ) | $ (25.4 | ) |
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The future tax benefits of net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards and foreign tax credits are recognized to the extent that realization of these benefits is considered more likely than not. The company bases this determination on the expectation that related operations will be sufficiently profitable or various tax planning strategies will enable the company to utilize the NOL carryforwards and/or foreign tax credits. To the extent that available evidence about the future raises doubt about the realization of these tax benefits, a valuation allowance is established.
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At June 2, 2007, the company had state and local tax NOL carryforwards of $67.3 million, the tax benefit of which is $4.4 million, which have various expiration periods from one to twenty years. The company also had state credits with a tax benefit of $1.8 million that expire in one to ten years. For financial statement purposes, the NOL carryforwards and state tax credits have been recognized as deferred tax assets, subject to a valuation allowance of $4.0 million.
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At June 2, 2007, the company had foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $16.9 million, the tax benefit of which is $5.2 million, which have expiration periods from three years to unlimited in term. The company also had foreign tax credits with a tax benefit of $2.8 million that expire in ten years. For financial statement purposes, NOL carryforwards and foreign tax credits have been recognized as deferred tax assets, subject to a valuation allowance of $5.2 million.
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The company has not provided for United States income taxes on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries totaling approximately $77.0 million. Recording deferred income taxes on these undistributed earnings is not required, because these earnings have been deemed to be permanently reinvested. These amounts would be subject to possible U.S. taxation only if remitted as dividends. The determination of the hypothetical amount of unrecognized deferred U.S. taxes on undistributed earnings of foreign entities is not practicable.
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16 Fair Value of Financial Instruments
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The carrying amount of the companys financial instruments included in current assets and current liabilities approximates fair value due to their short-term nature. As of June 2, 2007, and June 3, 2006, the company estimates that the fair value of notes receivable approximates the related carrying values. The company intends to hold these notes to maturity and has recorded allowances to reflect the expected net realizable value. As of June 2, 2007, the carrying value of the companys long-term debt, including both current maturities and the fair value of the companys interest rate swap arrangements, was $176.2 million with a corresponding fair market value of $181.2 million. At June 3, 2006, the carrying value and fair market value was $178.8 million and $184.7 million, respectively.
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49 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
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17 Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk
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The company has periodically utilized financial instruments to manage its foreign currency volatility at the transactional level as well as its exposure to interest rate fluctuations.
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Foreign Currency Contracts
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In the normal course of business, the company enters into contracts denominated in foreign currencies. The principal foreign currencies in which the company conducts its business are the British Pound Sterling, Euro, Canadian dollar, Japanese Yen, Mexican Peso, and Chinese Renminbi. The market risk exposure is limited to currency rate movements. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007, the company entered into three forward currency instruments to offset ?4.0 million of its net asset exposure, denominated in a non-functional currency. The forward currency instruments are marked to market at the end of the period, with changes in fair value reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. At June 2, 2007, the fair value of the forward currency instruments was negligible. At June 3, 2006, the company had one outstanding forward currency instrument to offset ?1.5 million of its net asset exposure, denominated in a non-functional currency.
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Interest Rate Swaps
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In November 2003, the company entered into two fixed-to-floating interest rate swap agreements. The first which expires March 15, 2011, effectively converts $50.0 million of fixed-rate debt securities to a floating-rate basis. The fair value of this swap instrument, which is based upon expected LIBOR rates over the remaining term of the instrument, was approximately $(1.7) million at June 2, 2007, and is reflected as a reduction to long-term debt and an offsetting addition to other long-term liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of June 3, 2006, the fair value of approximately $(2.0) million is reflected as a reduction to long-term debt and an offsetting addition to other long-term liabilities. The floating interest rate for this agreement is based on the six-month LIBOR, set in-arrears at the end of each semi-annual period, which is estimated to be approximately 8.0 percent and 8.1 percent at June 2, 2007, and June 3, 2006, respectively. The next scheduled interest rate reset date is in September 2007.
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The second agreement, which expires March 5, 2008, effectively converts $3.0 million of fixed-rate private placement debt to a floating-rate basis. The fair value of this swap instrument, which is based upon expected LIBOR rates over the remaining term of the instrument, was approximately $(0.1) million at June 2, 2007, and is reflected as a reduction to long-term debt and an offsetting addition to other long-term liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of June 3, 2006, the fair value of approximately $(0.2) million is reflected as a reduction to long-term debt and an offsetting addition to other long-term liabilities. The floating interest rate for this agreement is based on the six-month LIBOR, set in-arrears at the end of each semi-annual period, which is estimated to be approximately 8.7 percent at June 2, 2007, and June 3, 2006, respectively. The next scheduled interest rate reset date is in September 2007.
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As of June 2, 2007, a total of $53.0 million of the companys outstanding debt was effectively converted to a variable-rate basis as a result of these interest rate swap arrangements. These swaps are fair-value hedges and qualify for hedge-accounting treatment using the short-cut method under the provisions of SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. Under this accounting treatment, the change in the fair value of the interest rate swap is equal to the change in value of the related hedged debt and, as a result, there is no net effect on earnings. These agreements require the company to pay floating-rate interest payments in return for receiving fixed-rate interest payments that coincide with the semi-annual payments to the debt holders at the same date.
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The counterparties to these swap instruments are large financial institutions which the company believes are of high-quality creditworthiness. While the company may be exposed to potential losses due to the credit risk of non-performance by these counterparties, such losses are not anticipated. These swap arrangements effectively increased interest expense by $0.6 million and $0.3 million in fiscal years 2007 and 2006, respectively, and reduced interest expense by $1.1 million in fiscal 2005.
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50 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
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18 Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information
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The following table presents the adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities.
| (In Millions) — Depreciation | 2007 — $ 39.7 | $ | 40.5 | $ | 45.7 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amortization | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.2 | |||
| Provision for losses on accounts receivable and notes | ||||||
| receivable | (0.6 | ) | 0.5 | (0.6 | ) | |
| Provision for losses on financial guarantees | (0.2 | ) | 0.1 | 0.2 | ||
| Minority interest | | 0.7 | 0.1 | |||
| Loss on sales of property and equipment | 1.5 | 1.3 | 0.9 | |||
| Gain on disposal of owned dealers (Note 2) | | (0.3 | ) | | ||
| Deferred taxes | 3.2 | 0.4 | 7.3 | |||
| Pension and other post-retirement benefits | 3.9 | (18.5 | ) | (24.8 | ) | |
| Stock-based compensation | 4.9 | 2.6 | 1.8 | |||
| Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation | (6.7 | ) | | | ||
| Other liabilities | 0.3 | 2.9 | (11.1 | ) | ||
| Other | (1.9 | ) | (0.5 | ) | (0.8 | ) |
| Changes in current assets and liabilities: | ||||||
| Decrease (increase) in assets: | ||||||
| Accounts receivable | (14.8 | ) | (7.6 | ) | (25.5 | ) |
| Inventories | (9.0 | ) | (8.7 | ) | (9.6 | ) |
| Prepaid expenses and other | (6.3 | ) | 3.0 | (2.4 | ) | |
| Increase (decrease) in liabilities: | ||||||
| Accounts payable | (1.8 | ) | 7.5 | 16.5 | ||
| Accrued liabilities | (5.1 | ) | 26.2 | 42.4 | ||
| Total changes in current assets and liabilities | (37.0 | ) | 20.4 | 21.4 | ||
| Total adjustments | $ 8.6 | $ | 51.2 | $ | 41.3 |
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Cash payments for interest and income taxes were as follows.
| (In Millions) | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Interest paid | $ 13.5 | $ 13.8 | $ 13.1 |
| Income taxes paid, net of cash received | $ 57.6 | $ 45.0 | $ 16.1 |
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19 Guarantees, Indemnifications, and Contingencies
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Product Warranties
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The company provides warranty coverage to the end-user for parts and labor on products sold. The standard length of warranty is 12 years, however, this varies depending on the product classification. The company does not sell or otherwise issue warranties or warranty extensions as stand-alone products. Reserves have been established for various costs associated with the companys warranty program. General warranty reserves are based on historical claims experience and other currently available information and are periodically adjusted for business levels and other factors. Specific reserves are established once an issue is identified with the amounts for such reserves based on the estimated cost of correction. Changes in the warranty reserve for the stated periods were as follows.
| (In Millions) — Accrual balance, beginning | 2007 — $ 14.9 | $ | 13.0 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accrual for warranty matters | 12.3 | 9.5 | ||
| Settlements and adjustments | (12.6 | ) | (7.6 | ) |
| Accrual balance, ending | $ 14.6 | $ | 14.9 |
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51 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 19 Guarantees, Indemnifications, and Contingencies (Continued)
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Other Guarantees
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The company has entered into separate agreements to guarantee the debt of two independent contract furniture dealerships. In accordance with the provisions of FASB Interpretation No. 45, Guarantors Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of the Indebtedness of Others (FIN 45), the company initially recorded an expense equal to the estimated fair values of these guarantees. The maximum financial exposure assumed by the company as a result of these arrangements totaled $0.5 million as of June 2, 2007. Guarantees of $0.4 million are reflected under the caption Other Liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 2, 2007. At June 3, 2006, the recorded liability for such guarantees totaled $0.5 million.
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The company previously entered into an agreement with a third-party leasing company to guarantee a contractual lease term, including the lessee payment obligation and/or residual value of Herman Miller product. This lease expired in March 2007. As of June 3, 2006, the maximum financial exposure assumed by the company in connection with this guarantee totaled approximately $2.0 million. A guarantee of $0.6 million was reflected in Other Liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 3, 2006 which approximated the estimated fair value at that date. As of June 2, 2007, the estimated fair value is zero, and accordingly, is not reflected on the companys Consolidated Balance Sheet at that date.
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The company is periodically required to provide performance bonds in order to conduct business with certain customers. These arrangements are common and generally have terms ranging between one and three years. The bonds are required to provide assurances to customers that the products and services they have purchased will be installed and/or provided properly and without damage to their facilities. The performance bonds are provided by various bonding agencies and the company is ultimately liable for claims that may occur against them. As of June 2, 2007, the company had a maximum financial exposure related to performance bonds of approximately $3.9 million. The company has no history of claims, nor is it aware of circumstances that would require it to perform under any of these arrangements and believes that the resolution of any claims that might arise in the future, either individually or in the aggregate, would not materially affect the companys financial statements. Accordingly, no liability has been recorded as of June 2, 2007, and June 3, 2006.
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The company periodically enters into agreements in the normal course of business, which may include indemnification clauses regarding patent/trademark infringement and service losses. Service losses represent all direct or consequential loss, liability, damages, costs and expenses incurred by the customer or others resulting from services rendered by the company, the dealer, or certain sub-contractors due to a proven negligent act. The company has no history of claims, nor is it aware of circumstances that would require it to perform under these arrangements and believes that the resolution of any claims that might arise in the future, either individually or in the aggregate, would not materially affect the companys financial statements. Accordingly, no liability has been recorded as of June 2, 2007, and June 3, 2006.
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The company has entered into standby letter of credit arrangements for the purpose of protecting various insurance companies against default on the payment of certain premiums and claims. A majority of these arrangements are related to the companys wholly-owned captive insurance company. As of June 2, 2007, the company had a maximum financial exposure from these insurance-related standby letters of credit of approximately $13.1 million. The company has no history of claims, nor is it aware of circumstances that would require it to perform under any of these arrangements and believes that the resolution of any claims that might arise in the future, either individually or in the aggregate, would not materially affect the companys financial statements. Accordingly, no liability has been recorded as of June 2, 2007, and June 3, 2006.
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Contingencies
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As previously reported, the company has received a subpoena from the New York Attorney Generals office requesting certain information relating to the minimum advertised price program maintained by the Herman Miller for the Home division.
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In connection with this matter, the New York Attorney Generals office has taken depositions of current and former employees of the company and certain dealers. The company and the New York Attorney Generals office have had preliminary discussions regarding possible methods of resolving the matter. The company has reserved its best estimate of a potential amount to resolve this matter. The accrued amount is not material to the companys consolidated financial position.
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The company leases a facility in the United Kingdom under an agreement that expires in March 2008. Under the terms of the lease, the company is required to perform the maintenance and repairs necessary to address the general dilapidation of the facility over the lease term. The ultimate cost of this provision to the company is dependent on a number of factors including, but not limited to, the future use of the facility by the lessor and whether the company chooses and is permitted to renew the lease term. The company has estimated the cost of these maintenance and repairs to be between $0 and $3 million, depending on the outcome of future plans and negotiations. Based on existing circumstances, it is estimated that these costs will most likely approximate $0.5 million. As a result, this amount has been recorded as a liability reflected under the caption Other Liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 2, 2007, and June 3, 2006.
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52 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 19 Guarantees, Indemnifications, and Contingencies (Continued)
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In May 1996, the company assigned its rights as lessee of a facility in the United Kingdom to a third party under an agreement that contained a provision granting the third party the right to re-assign the lease to the company after 10 years, at its election. During the first quarter of 2006, the company was notified by the third party that it is no longer using the space and intends to exercise the re-assignment option. The original lease term expires in May 2014. The company believes it will be able to assign the lease or sublet this facility for the majority of the remaining lease term to another tenant at current market rates. However, current market rates for comparable office space are lower than the rental payments owed under the lease agreement. As such, the company would remain liable to pay the difference. As a result, the company recorded a pre-tax charge of $1.4 million to Operating Expenses in fiscal 2006 for the expected loss under the arrangement based on the best information available at the time. During its second fiscal quarter of 2007, the company revised its estimate and recorded an additional pre-tax charge of $0.4 million. The estimated liability of $1.4 million is reflected under the caption Other Liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 2, 2007 and June 3, 2006.
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The company, for a number of years, has sold various products to the United States Government under General Services Administration (GSA) multiple award schedule contracts. Under the terms of these contracts, the GSA is permitted to audit the companys compliance with the GSA contracts. The company has occasionally noted errors in complying with contract provisions. From time to time the company has notified the GSA of known instances of non-compliance (whether favorable or unfavorable to the GSA) once such circumstances are identified and investigated. The company does not believe that any of the errors brought to the GSAs attention will adversely affect its relationship with the GSA. Currently there are no GSA post-award audits either scheduled or in process. Management does not expect resolution of potential future audits to have a material adverse effect on the companys Consolidated Financial Statements.
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On April 6, 2005, the company reported that it had reached a settlement with the General Services Administration (GSA) concerning a prior audit of the 1988 to 1991 multiple award schedule contract. In light of the settlement, which required the company to pay the GSA $0.5 million, the balance sheet reserves related to all GSA contract periods were re-evaluated. As a result of this evaluation, it was determined that these reserves should be reduced. Accordingly, during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2005, the company reduced such reserves by $13.0 million during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2005, which was reflected as a corresponding reduction in pretax Selling, general, and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Approximately $7.0 million of this adjustment related to the elimination of the remaining reserves, beyond the amount of the settlement, allocable to the 1988 to 1991 contract period. The remainder of the adjustment related to our re-evaluation of required reserves for open contract periods which had not yet been subject to audit.
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The company has been made aware of a potential issue related to the actuarial valuation of liabilities under its primary international pension plan and the definition of eligible compensation. The company is currently in the process of correcting and clarifying the definition and believes any resulting adjustments would be immaterial to its financial statements.
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The company is also involved in legal proceedings and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the outcome of such proceedings and litigation currently pending will not materially affect the companys Consolidated Financial Statements.
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20 Operating Segments
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The company is comprised of two primary operating segments as defined in SFAS No. 131, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information; North American Furniture Solutions and Non-North American Furniture Solutions.
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The North American Furniture Solutions segment includes the operations associated with the design, manufacture, and sale of furniture products for work-related settings, including office and healthcare environments, throughout the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The business associated with the companys owned contract furniture dealers is also included in the North American Furniture Solutions segment. The Non-North American Furniture Solutions segment includes the operations associated with the design, manufacture, and sale of furniture products primarily for work-related settings outside of North America.
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53 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 20 Operating Segments (Continued)
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The company also reports an Other category consisting primarily of its North American Home and start-up businesses, Variable Interest Entities (VIEs), and certain unallocated corporate expenses. North American Home includes the operations associated with the design, manufacture and sale of furniture products for residential settings in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The start-up businesses are aimed at developing innovative products to serve current and new markets. VIEs, which are discussed further in Note 3, represent independent contract furniture dealerships whose operations are included in the consolidated results of the company due to financial arrangements with such entities.
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The performance of the operating segments is evaluated by the companys management using various financial measures. The following is a summary of certain key financial measures for the respective fiscal years indicated.
| (In Millions) | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Net Sales: | |||
| North American Furniture Solutions | $ 1,563.6 | $ 1,448.0 | $ 1,262.8 |
| Non-North American Furniture Solutions | 278.5 | 216.9 | 191.5 |
| Other | 76.8 | 72.3 | 61.3 |
| Total | $ 1,918.9 | $ 1,737.2 | $ 1,515.6 |
| Depreciation and Amortization: | |||
| North American Furniture Solutions | $ 35.7 | $ 36.5 | $ 41.7 |
| Non-North American Furniture Solutions | 4.4 | 4.0 | 4.5 |
| Other | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.7 |
| Total | $ 41.2 | $ 41.6 | $ 46.9 |
| Operating Earnings: | |||
| North American Furniture Solutions | $ 161.7 | $ 139.9 | $ 109.5 |
| Non-North American Furniture Solutions | 28.9 | 14.1 | 11.0 |
| Other | 7.5 | 3.7 | 1.4 |
| Total | $ 198.1 | $ 157.7 | $ 121.9 |
| Capital Expenditures: | |||
| North American Furniture Solutions | $ 34.1 | $ 39.0 | $ 27.4 |
| Non-North American Furniture Solutions | 4.8 | 9.1 | 6.8 |
| Other | 2.4 | 2.7 | 0.7 |
| Total | $ 41.3 | $ 50.8 | $ 34.9 |
| Total Assets: | |||
| North American Furniture Solutions | $ 507.0 | $ 512.2 | $ 546.5 |
| Non-North American Furniture Solutions | 133.1 | 130.1 | 135.8 |
| Other | 26.1 | 25.7 | 25.5 |
| Total | $ 666.2 | $ 668.0 | $ 707.8 |
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The accounting policies of the reportable operating segments are the same as those of the company, which are disclosed in further detail within Note 1. Additionally, the company employs a methodology for allocating corporate costs and assets to the operating segments. The underlying objective of this methodology is to allocate corporate costs according to the relative usage of the underlying resources and to allocate corporate assets according to the relative expected benefit. The company has determined that allocation based on relative net sales is most appropriate. The majority of corporate costs are allocated to the operating segments, however, certain costs that are generally considered the result of isolated business decisions are not subject to allocation and are evaluated separately from the rest of the regular ongoing business operations.
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54 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 20 Operating Segments (Continued)
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The companys product offerings consist primarily of office furniture systems, seating, freestanding furniture, storage and casegoods. These product offerings are marketed, distributed, and managed primarily as a group of similar products on an overall portfolio basis. The following is a summary of net sales by product category for the respective fiscal years indicated. Given that formal product line information is not available for the company as a whole, this summary is intended to represent a reasonable estimate of net sales by product category based on the best information available.
| (In Millions) | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Net Sales: | |||
| Systems | $ 565.2 | $ 530.6 | $ 489.3 |
| Seating | 481.7 | 421.1 | 348.7 |
| Freestanding and Storage | 288.0 | 277.1 | 239.7 |
| International (1) | 408.9 | 336.1 | 272.9 |
| Other (2) | 175.1 | 172.3 | 165.0 |
| Total | $ 1,918.9 | $ 1,737.2 | $ 1,515.6 |
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(1) The company has determined that the disclosure of international product line information is not practicable.
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(2) Other primarily consists of miscellaneous or otherwise uncategorized product sales and service sales.
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Sales by geographic area are based on the location of the customer. Long-lived assets consist of long-term assets of the company, excluding financial instruments and deferred tax assets. The following is a summary of geographic information for the respective fiscal years indicated. Individual foreign country information is not provided as none of the individual foreign countries in which we operate are considered material for separate disclosure based on quantitative and qualitative considerations.
| (In Millions) | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Net Sales: | |||
| United States | $ 1,510.0 | $ 1,401.1 | $ 1,242.7 |
| International | 408.9 | 336.1 | 272.9 |
| Total | $ 1,918.9 | $ 1,737.2 | $ 1,515.6 |
| Long-lived assets: | |||
| United States | $ 238.4 | $ 241.4 | $ 245.5 |
| International | 37.9 | 29.6 | 17.9 |
| Total | $ 276.3 | $ 271.0 | $ 263.4 |
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It is estimated that no single dealer accounted for more than 4 percent of the companys net sales in the fiscal year ended June 2, 2007. It is also estimated that the largest single end user customer accounted for approximately 8 percent of the companys net sales with the 10 largest customers accounting for approximately 18 percent of net sales.
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Approximately 7 percent of the companys employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements, most of whom are employees of its Integrated Metal Technology, Inc., and Herman Miller Limited (U.K.) subsidiaries.
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55 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Managements Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
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To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of Herman Miller, Inc.
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Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). The internal control over financial reporting at Herman Miller, Inc., is designed to provide reasonable assurance to our stakeholders that the financial statements of the Company fairly represent its financial condition and results of operations.
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Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of June 2, 2007, based on the framework in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, our management believes the Companys internal control over financial reporting was effective as of June 2, 2007.
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This assessment by management has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which appears on page 80.
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/s/ Brian C. Walker
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Brian C. Walker Chief Executive Officer
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/s/ Elizabeth A. Nickels
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Elizabeth A. Nickels Chief Financial Officer
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56 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
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The Board of Directors and Shareholders of Herman Miller, Inc.
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We have audited managements assessment, included in the accompanying Managements Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, that Herman Miller, Inc. maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of June 2, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). The Companys management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on managements assessment and an opinion on the effectiveness of the companys internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
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We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, evaluating managements assessment, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
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A companys internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A companys internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the companys assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
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Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
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In our opinion, managements assessment that Herman Miller, Inc. maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of June 2, 2007, is fairly stated, in all material respects, based on the COSO criteria. Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of June 2, 2007, based on the COSO criteria.
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We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the fiscal 2007 consolidated financial statements of Herman Miller, Inc. and our report dated July 17, 2007 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
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/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
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Grand Rapids, Michigan July 17, 2007
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57 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Financial Statements
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To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of Herman Miller, Inc.
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We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Herman Miller, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of June 2, 2007 and June 3, 2006, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders equity, and cash flows for each of the three fiscal years in the period ended June 2, 2007. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
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We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
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In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Herman Miller, Inc. and subsidiaries at June 2, 2007 and June 3, 2006, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three fiscal years in the period ended June 2, 2007, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
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As discussed in Notes 12 and 14 to the consolidated financial statements, in 2007 the Company changed its method of accounting for pension and post-retirement benefits and stock-based payments as a result of the required adoption of Statements of Financial Accounting Standard Nos. 158 and 123(R), respectively.
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We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the effectiveness of Herman Miller, Inc.s internal control over financial reporting as of June 2, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated July 17, 2007 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
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/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
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Grand Rapids, Michigan July 17, 2007
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58 2007 Annual Financial Statements
MARKER PAGE="; page: 58"
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Board of Directors
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Mary Vermeer Andringa (2) President and Chief Executive Officer, Vermeer Manufacturing Company Agricultural and industrial equipment manufacturer
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Lord Brian Griffiths of Fforestfach (4) International Advisor, Goldman Sachs International Limited International investment banking firm and House of Lords, United Kingdom
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Douglas D. French (2) Managing Director, Santé Health Ventures Healthcare venture capital
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J. Barry Griswell (1) Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer Principal Financial Group, Inc. Financial services organization
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John R. Hoke III (1) Vice President, Global Footwear Design, NIKE, Inc. Footwear, apparel, equipment, and accessories
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James R. Kackley (2, 3) Private investor
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C. William Pollard (3,4) Chairman Emeritus, The ServiceMaster Company Management and consumer services for healthcare, industrial, and educational facilities
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Dorothy A. Terrell (4) Venture Partner, First Light Capital
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David O. Ulrich (1,3) Professor, University of Michigan Business School
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Michael A. Volkema (3) Chairman of the Board, Herman Miller, Inc.
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Brian C. Walker President and Chief Executive Officer, Herman Miller, Inc.
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Daniel C. Molhoek Secretary to the Board, Partner, Varnum, Riddering, Schmidt & Howlett LLP Attorneys at law
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(1) Executive Compensation Committee (2) Audit Committees (3) Executive Committee (4) Nominating and Governance Committee
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59 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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Leadership Team
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Brian Walker President and Chief Executive Officer
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Don Goeman Executive Vice President, Research, Design, and Development
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Ken Goodson Executive Vice President, Operations
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Andy Lock Executive Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer
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Kris Manos Executive Vice President, North American Office and Learning Environments
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Gary Miller Executive Vice President, Chief Development Officer
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Beth Nickels Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
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John Portlock Executive Vice President, Herman Miller International
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Charley Vranian Executive Vice President, North American Emerging Markets
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60 2007 Annual Financial Statements
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Shareholder Reference Information
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Line of Business
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Herman Miller uses problem-solving design and innovation to create great places to work, heal, live, and learn. The companys award-winning products are complemented by primary furniture-management services, which are provided corporately and through a network of owned and independent dealers. Herman Miller is widely recognized both for its products and business practices, including the use of industry-leading, customer-focused technology.
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Common Stock
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Herman Miller, Inc., common stock is traded on the NASDAQ-Global Select Market System (Symbol: MLHR). As of July 30, 2007, there were approximately 24,200 shareholders of record of the companys common stock.
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Affirmative Action
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Herman Miller, Inc., is an equal opportunity employer and supports af?rmative action programs for minorities and women, including the recruitment, education and training, and economic development of businesses.
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Investor Relations
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Questions regarding earnings, releases, financial information, and other investor data should be addressed to:
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Investor Relations, Herman Miller, Inc., 855 East Main Avenue, PO Box 302, Zeeland, MI 49464-0302, USA Or call: 616 654 3305 Or e-mail: [email protected]
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Transfer Agent and Registrar
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Computershare Trust Company, N.A., 250 Royall Street, Canton, Massachusetts 02021Attention: Herman Miller,Inc., Shareholder Relations800 446 2617
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Independent Registered Public Accountants
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Ernst & Young LLP, Grand Rapids, Michigan
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Contact Herman Miller
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Herman Miller has a physical presence through showrooms, dealers, customer centers, retailers, and manufacturing facilities around the world. No matter how you would like to do business with us, you can begin connecting with us at: www.hermanmiller.com Or call: 616 654 3000 Or write: Herman Miller, Inc., 855 East Main Avenue, PO Box 302, Zeeland, MI 49464-0302, USA
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61 Herman Miller, Inc., and Subsidiaries
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PROXY CARD
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HERMAN MILLER, INC. C/O SHAREHOLDER SERVICES 855 EAST MAIN AVENUE ZEELAND, MI 49464-0302
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VOTE BY INTERNET - www.proxyvote.com Use the Internet to transmit your voting instructions and for electronic delivery of information up until 11:59 P.M. Eastern Time the day before the cut-off date or meeting date. Have your proxy card in hand when you access the web site and follow the instructions to obtain your records and to create an electronic voting instruction form.
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ELECTRONIC DELIVERY OF FUTURE SHAREHOLDER COMMUNICATIONS If you would like to reduce the costs incurred by Herman Miller, Inc. in mailing proxy materials, you can consent to receiving all future proxy statements, proxy cards and annual reports electronically via e-mail or the Internet. To sign up for electronic delivery, please follow the instructions above to vote using the Internet and, when prompted, indicate that you agree to receive or access shareholder communications electronically in future years.
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VOTE BY PHONE - 1-800-690-6903 Use any touch-tone telephone to transmit your voting instructions up until 11:59 P.M. Eastern Time the day before the cut-off date or meeting date. Have your proxy card in hand when you call and then follow the instructions.
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VOTE BY MAIL Mark, sign and date your proxy card and return it in the postage-paid envelope we have provided or return it to Herman Miller, Inc., c/o Broadridge, 51 Mercedes Way, Edgewood, NY 11717.
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VOTE BY FAX DURING THE MEETING Mark, sign and date your proxy card and return it to Herman Miller by faxing it to 1-616-654-7221.
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TO VOTE, MARK BLOCKS BELOW IN BLUE OR BLACK INK AS FOLLOWS: HERML1 KEEP THIS PORTION FOR YOUR RECORDS
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DETACH AND RETURN THIS PORTION ONLY
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THIS PROXY CARD IS VALID ONLY WHEN SIGNED AND DATED.
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HERMAN MILLER, INC.
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Vote on Directors The Board of Directors recommends a vote FOR the listed nominees.
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- Director Vote For All Withhold All For All Except
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To elect one director to serve until 2008
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01) C. William Pollard [] [] [__]
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To elect two directors to serve until 2010 02) Dorothy A. Terrell 03) David O. Ulrich
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To withhold authority to vote for any individual nominee(s), mark "For All Except" and write the number(s) of the nominee(s) on the line below. _________
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Vote on Proposals The Board of Directors recommends a vote FOR the proposal For Against Abstain
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To consider and vote upon a proposal to ratify the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accountin firm. [] [] [__]
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To transact such other business as may properly come before the meeting or any adjournment thereof. [] [] [__]
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The proxies will vote the shares in accordance with the direction on this card. If a choice is not indicated, the proxies will vote the shares "FOR" the nominees and "FOR" the proposal.
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For address changes and/or comments, please check this box and then write them on the back where indicated. [__]
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_____ Signature [PLEASE SIGN WITHIN BOX] Date _____ Signature (Joint Owners) Date
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Herman Miller, Inc.
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By signing this card, voting by telephone or voting by Internet, the shareholder appoints James E. Christenson and Michael A. Volkema, and each of them, proxies, with full power of substitution, to vote all of the undersigned's shares of Herman Miller, Inc. Commono Stock (Common Stock) at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on Tuesday, October 2, 2007, at 9:00 a.m. (EDT) at www.hermanmiller.com , and at any adjournments or postponements thereof, upon all subjects that may properly come before the meeting, including the matters described in the proxy statement furnished herewith, subject to any directions indicated on the reverse side of this card.
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Address Changes/Comments: ___________ (If you noted any Address Changes/Comments above, please mark corresponding box on the reverse side.)
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Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Shareholder Meeting to be held on 10/2/07
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This communication presents only an overview of the more complete proxy materials that are available to you on the Internet. We encourage you to access and review all of the important information contained in the proxy materials before voting.
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The following materials are available for view:
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The 2007 Herman Miller, Inc. Proxy Statement, 2007 Herman Miller, Inc. Financial Statements, 2007 Herman Miller, Inc. Form of Proxy, A message from Brian Walker, CEO are availabe at www.investorEconnect.com To view this material, have the 12-digit Control # (located on the following page) available
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If you want to receive a paper or e-mail copy of the above listed documents you must request one. There is no charge to you for requesting a copy. To facilitate timely delivery please make the request as instructed below on or before 9/19/07. To request material: Internet : www.investor E connect.com Telephone : 1-800-579-1639 Email : sendmaterial@investor E connect.com If requesting material by e-mail please send a blank e-mail with the 12 Digit Control# (located on the following page) in the subject line. Requests, instructions and other inquiries will NOT be forwarded to your investment advisor.
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HERMAN MILLER, INC.
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Vote At The Meeting
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In addition to voting in advance of the meeting via the Internet, or (if paper materials are requested), by telephone, or through the mail, shareholders may vote by facsimile during the Annual Meeting prior to the announcement that the polls are closed. They may do so by faxing a marked and signed copy of the Proxy to the Company at 1-616-654-7221.
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Vote By Internet
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To vote now by Internet, go to WWW.PROXYVOTE.COM . Use the Internet to transmit your voting instructions and for electronic delivery of information up until 11:59 P.M. Eastern Time the day before the cut-off date or meeting date. Have this notice in hand when you access the web site and follow the instructions.
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Attending the Meeting
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The Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the Company will be held on 10/2/07 at 9 a.m. EDT for shareholders of record as of the close of business on 8/3/07. The Annual Meeting will be held via the Internet only. To attend the meeting log on to www.hermanmiller.com and click on the Investors section and then on the Annual Meeting Webcast link.
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If you choose to revoke your consent to the Householding of investor communications, you may do so by calling 1-800-542-1061.
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To revoke your consent you will need the 12-digit control number for each account you choose to revoke. The 12-digit control number can be found on the following page(s) nex to the label Control Number or in the box next to the arrow.
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Once you revoke your consent to the Householding of investor communications, each primary account holder will begin receiving individual copies within 30 days of your revocation.
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Voting items
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- Director Vote
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To elect one director to serve until 2008
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01) C. William Pollard
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To elect two directors to serve until 2010
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02) Dorothy A. Terrell
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03) David O. Ulrich
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- To consider and vote upon a proposal to ratify the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm.
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- To transact such other business as may properly come before the meeting or any adjournment thereof.
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The Board of Directors of the Company recommend a For vote for each director nominee and a For vote for the proposal.
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IF YOUR SECURITIES ARE HELD BY A BROKER WHO IS A MEMBER OF THE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE (NYSE), THE RULES OF THE NYSE WILL GUIDE THE VOTING PROCEDURES. WE WISH TO CALL YOUR ATTENTION TO THE FACT THAT FOR THIS MEETING UNDER THE RULES OF THE NYSE, WE CANNOT VOTE YOUR SECURITIES ON ONE OR MORE OF THE MATTERS TO BE ACTED UPON AT THE MEETING WITHOUT YOUR SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS. THESE RULES PROVIDE THAT IF INSTRUCTIONS ARE NOT RECEIVED FROM YOU PRIOR TO THE ISSUANCE OF THE FIRST VOTE, THE PROXY FOR ONE OR MORE OF THE MATTERS MAY BE GIVEN AT THE DISCRETION OF YOUR BROKER (ON THE TENTH DAY, IF THE MATERIAL WAS MAILED AT LEAST 15 DAYS PRIOR TO THE MEETING, ON THE FIFTEENTH DAY IF THE PROXY MATERIAL WAS MAILED 25 OR MORE DAYS PRIOR TO THE MEETING DATE). IN ORDER FOR YOUR BROKER TO EXERCISE THIS DISCRETIONARY AUTHORITY FOR ONE OR MORE OF THE MATTERS, PROXY MATERIAL WOULD NEED TO HAVE BEEN MAILED AT LEAST 15 DAYS PRIOR TO THE MEETING DATE, AND THE MATTER(S) BEFORE THE MEETING MUST BE DEEMED "ROUTINE" IN NATURE ACCORDING TO NYSE GUIDELINES. IF THESE TWO REQUIREMENTS ARE MET, AND YOU HAVE NOT COMMUNICATED TO US PRIOR TO THE FIRST VOTE BEING ISSUED, WE MAY VOTE YOUR SECURITIES AT OUR DISCRETION ON ONE OR MORE OF THE MATTERS TO BE ACTED UPON AT THE MEETING. WE WILL NEVERTHELESS FOLLOW YOUR INSTRUCTIONS, EVEN IF OUR DISCRETIONARY VOTE HAS ALREADY BEEN GIVEN ON THOSE MATTERS, PROVIDED YOUR INSTRUCTIONS ARE RECEIVED PRIOR TO THE MEETING DATE. IF YOUR SECURITIES ARE HELD IN THE NAME OF A BANK, WE REQUIRE YOUR INSTRUCTIONS ON ALL MATTERS TO BE VOTED ON AT THE MEETING.
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Dear members of the Herman Miller community
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This marks my third year of writing an annual letter to you, and Im beginning to sound like a broken recordthanks for another very good year. Its the kind of message Im sure you dont mind hearing and one I never mind writing.
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We define a great year at Herman Miller as generating great business performance, having a great impact on society, and creating a great place to work. I would like to give you a progress report on these goals, but first Id like to talk with you about our future.
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Setting goals helps shape the future, acknowledging reality is also necessary
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Our future is directed at an overarching purpose: We are determined to improve the performance of human habitats. We do this largely through our designs, and design at Herman Miller, as designer George Nelson told us years ago, is a response to social change. The best and most lasting designs at Herman Miller account for and then respond to current and future realities.
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We are currently thinking about five dominant new realities. I believe the following five social changes will greatly influence our future; I dont believe they are debatable. They are shaping our thinking about how to improve the performance of human habitats. They present Herman Miller with both challenges and opportunities.
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The global shift from West to East
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The movement of economic growth from West to East should be apparent to everyone. Herman Miller has been present in Asia for many years, and we have a thriving distribution channel throughout the region. Two years ago, we established a commercial presence in India. This past year, we hosted a group of design leaders from China in West Michigan and are conducting design research in China and India. We established a manufacturing facility in Ningbo, China, opened our commercial headquarters in nearby Shanghai, and are expanding our distribution network.
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The infinite mobility of workers and work
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The ability of knowledge workers to work almost anywhere (thanks to technology and their own desires to balance life and work) has been growing for several years. Over the past few years, as the boundaries between the places where people work, learn, and live have become less distinct, we have developed distribution capabilities and new designs to meet them wherever they are. Our newly launched accessories lineThe Be Collection is an example of our increased focus on designs targeted at highly mobile and autonomous individuals. While still a modest part of our overall business, our revenue from the Herman Miller for the Home retail channel has increased significantly, and we believe this represents an excellent future opportunity for Herman Miller.
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Emerging playlist generation
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A playlist generation is emergingpeople who have grown up with and expect to create their own collections of music, games, clothingeven to watch television shows according to their own schedules. In sync with this trend is Convia, our newly launched sustainable, intelligent, electrical infrastructure. Convia embeds lighting, power, audiovisual control, and energy management and reporting capabilities into the wiring system of a buildingall of which saves money and expands capabilities for building owners. In an experimental installation in a retail store, one Herman Miller researcher noticed that halfway through his brief training session with a customer, the young staff had already begun to play with Convia. Such at-will modifications to the environment made perfect and immediate sense.
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Tipping point of sustainability movement
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Herman Miller has been involved in sustainable business practices, environmental advocacycall it what you likefor over 50 years. Today, environmental concerns are a global issue. The environment figures into every decision we make and into every product we design. Of our 10 strategic goals, 2 have specifically to do with environmental practices. Though we havent moved as fast as wed like, and we still have a ways to go before we reach our goal of zero footprint on the environment, we are constantly moving toward that destination. Convias programming and monitoring features will most certainly help customers reduce energy consumption by allowing them to control and monitor energy use in new ways.
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Im happy to report that as we were writing this message, Sustainable Business (in its publication Progressive Investor ) has named Herman Miller one of its 20 top World Sustainability Stocks. Its a sign of progress.
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Infusion of technology into all environments
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Everyone knows that technology has become part and parcel of life and work. Of course, all our products are designed to help people use technology more easily, but Convia, which Ive already mentioned, is a great example of integrating technology into architecture. This product also illustrates our strategy of expanding into new types of environments by serving individuals (with The Be Collection), interior space (with furniture and systems), and habitat infrastructure (with Convia). This is what we mean by improving human habitats.
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Great performance, great impact, and a great place for winners
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All in all, as the cover to this message says, we had a jolly good show in 2007 (more about John Portlock and Queen Elizabeth in a minute). Most of the credit for a great year goes, as usual, to Herman Miller employees and our extended communityour creative network, dealers, and suppliers. They made it happen. They are the ones who produce the products and services that improve the performance of human habitats worldwide. They are the ones who have a great and good impact on our communities. They make Herman Miller what it is. Let me go through in more detail some of their highlights.
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Great Business Performance
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Financial facts One of our 2010 goals is to reach sales of $2.6 billion. Our financial performance in 2007 puts us right on track. Sales last year grew 10.5 percent, from $1.7 billion to $1.9 billion. Operating earnings increased from 9.1 percent of sales to 10.3 percent of sales. Net earnings rose 30.1 percent to $129.1 million. Earnings per share rose 36.6 percent to $1.98.
| Selected Financial Data (In Millions Except Per Share Data) | FY05 | FY06 | FY07 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Net Sales | $ 1,516 | $ 1,737 | $ 1,919 |
| Operaing Earnings | 122 | 155 | 198 |
| Net Earnings | 68 | 99 | 129 |
| Earnings Per Share - Diluted | 0.96 | 1.45 | 1.98 |
| End of Period Balances | |||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents | 154 | 107 | 76 |
| Total Assets | 708 | 668 | 666 |
| Interest-Bearing Debt | 194 | 179 | 176 |
| Total Liabilities | 537 | 529 | 511 |
| Total Equity | $ 171 | $ 139 | $ 155 |
| (In Millions Except Per Share Data) | FY05 | FY06 | FY07 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Net Sales | $ 1,516 | $ 1,737 | $ 1,919 |
| North American net sales | $ 1,324 | $ 1,520 | $ 1,640 |
| Non-North American net sales | $ 192 | $ 217 | $ 279 |
| Cash returned to shareholders* | $ 152 | $ 175 | $ 186 |
| Operaing Income as a percent of sales | 8.0 | 9.1 | 10.3 |
| Earnings per shaer- diluted | $ 0.96 | $ 1.45 | $ 1.98 |
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Growth in new markets Another of our goals is to drive 50 percent of our annual growth from markets outside the North American office furniture business by the year 2010. This year we saw outstanding performance in two areasInternational and Healthcare. Our International group continued its superior performance, increasing sales by 28.4 percent to $278.5 million. While a good portion of this growth has been driven by entering new markets and expanding distribution, we also had very good results in established markets.
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Which leads me to explain the cover photoa great story. Our U.K. subsidiary, Herman Miller Limited, has won a Queens Award for Enterprise, the U.K.s most prestigious award for business. What a way to round off a great year in International! Executive Vice President John Portlock and a team from International accepted the award (in the International Trade category) in a ceremony at Buckingham Palaceand gave us a great cover for this years message.
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Healthcare had a great year, with sales increasing 20.7 percent over last yearthis was the biggest year ever for our Healthcare group. Healthcare is the largest industry in the U.S., $2.17 trillion, representing 15 percent of GDP (expected to rise to 18.7 percent by 2014). The rate at which Americans are aging ensures that this market will grow rapidly in coming years, and we have allocated more R&D budget to problem areas in this field. The quality of healthcare will surely have a great impact on our world and on Herman Millers future.
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The research and development group Herman Miller Creative Office continues its work to move us into new and adjacent markets. The most exciting result so far is Convia. Convia is both a product and a new business. As previously mentioned, at its heart Convia is a building infrastructure product that allows the user and building owner to adapt, modify, and program their habitat in new and profound ways. This product leads us into the field of modular electrical building systems. To reach this market of building owners and tenants, the Convia business team has developed an entirely new distribution channel focused on electrical contractors.
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New Products New product innovations are Herman Millers lifeblood, at the heart of our culture and strategy. Three years ago, we set a goal of launching 10 new product platforms by 2010. Last June we launched two new systemsMy Studio Environments and Vivo ® interiorsand the Foray chair. This past November at GREENBUILD, we introduced Convia, and in June of 2007, we introduced The Be Collection. These introductions put us on track to meet this goal. We also have a broad and deep portfolio of new designs in the process of development.
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My Studio Environments has captured the imagination of many customers who wanted an environment they could fall in love with. Vivo has exceeded our already high expectations in gaining sales and attracting new customers. Start-up costs of the new products did adversely affect margins this year, but we expect that to reverse in fiscal 2008. Subsidiary Geigers Foray chair is an important addition to our seating portfolio and an entry into the executive seating segment of the market.
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Great impact
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The environment Three years ago, we restated our corporate values in a piece we call Things that Matter. One value we titled A Better World, and one way we work to live up to this value is to pursue sustainability and environmental wisdom. This value led us to another measurable goalto reduce our environmental footprint by 80 percent by 2010 and to 0 by 2020. We certainly dont have this all figured out. Progress is slow, andas with many corporationswe constantly make tough calls in an attempt to balance environmental goals and business goals. Nevertheless, we do make constant progress.
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Last year we made improvements in water usage, energy usage, and the use of green power. We published our first Sustainability Report (available online at HermanMiller.com). We have also enlisted the help of our suppliers. I might also add that this years annual report contributes in a small way toward these efforts. For the first time, our financials and proxy materials will be entirely online (at HermanMiller.com).
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Another strategic goalhave 50 percent of our sales come from products that meet the Design for the Environment (DfE) protocol by 2010. At present we stand at 17.4 percent. I can also report that two new productsMy Studio and the Foray chairhave both been Cradle-to-Cradle Certified. To be frank, we are behind on this goal. To achieve it we must increase our efforts at redesigning the material structures of existing products.
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Community service and doing good Another goal: Among our employees, donate 50,000 hours of volunteer time by 2010. To follow through, we allow employees paid time off to volunteer to nonprofit organizations of their choice. I always laugh at myself when I talk about this goal. We have finished our third year and stand at 58,260 hours. Herman Miller employees have donated time to causes from Katrina relief to breast cancer walks to Habitat for Humanity. The number of hours volunteered tells a lot about what kind of community Herman Miller aspires to be.
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The Board of Directors also donates a portion of our profits each year to nonprofit organizations. Like many companies, we believe the stronger our communities are, the healthier Herman Miller will be.
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A great place for winners My team and I really believe that Herman Miller is full of great people. And it follows that they deserve a great place to work. Another of our strategic goals is to be included on Fortunes list of 100 Best Places to Work. We didnt make it last year, but were still going after this recognition and have applied again this year. Of course there are other recognitions were proud of Industry Week named us one of the top 50 manufacturing companies; we lead our industry in Fortunes Most Admired rankings; and we have been named one of West Michigans 101 Best and Brightest Companies to Work For.
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Inclusiveness is another goal (and corporate value) we have in front of us. This year we established Inclusiveness Resource Teams to involve as many employees as possible in understanding the special needs of people at Herman Millerand to implement programs that benefit us all. We were also named, for the second year in a row, minority supplier program of the year by the Michigan Minority Business Council. As with environmental programs, we have a long way to goand perhaps we should talk about the pursuit of inclusiveness as an important fact of life and not a destination.
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Whats next?
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I cant tell you for certain. I can tell you for certain that my team and I are thrilled with what we have and are putting into place. We believe we have all the elements that will allow us to reach our strategic vision for Herman Miller. Im looking forward to the results of some great work in research and design; our queue of future products is full. Im looking forward to the expanding and inventive ways people at Herman Miller find to help communities around the world.
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I intend for our customers to have long-lived, innovative, and high-performing environments. Herman Miller will continue to be a place where employees can find fulfillment along many dimensions. Our stockholders will always have our attention; a high level of financial performance is absolutely essential to our ability to perform in other ways. Finally, we will find ways to help our communities grow to become inclusive, creative, welcoming places for people of all abilities and talent.
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Sincerely,
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/s/ Brian C. Walker Brian C. Walker