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MIE Holdings Corporation Proxy Solicitation & Information Statement 2016

May 25, 2016

49998_rns_2016-05-25_61b34de5-e33d-4cf2-8e63-ea877a36acd8.pdf

Proxy Solicitation & Information Statement

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THIS CIRCULAR IS IMPORTANT AND REQUIRES YOUR IMMEDIATE ATTENTION

Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited and The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited take no responsibility for the contents of this circular, make no representation as to its accuracy or completeness and expressly disclaim any liability whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from or in reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of this circular.

If you are in any doubt as to any aspect of this circular or as to the action to be taken, you should consult your licensed securities dealer, registered institution in securities, bank manager, solicitor, professional accountant or other professional adviser.

If you have sold or transferred all your shares in MIE Holdings Corporation (the ‘‘Company’’), you should at once hand this circular to the purchaser or the transferee or the bank, licensed securities dealer, registered institution in securities or other agent through whom the sale or transfer was effected for transmission to the purchaser or the transferee.

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MIE HOLDINGS CORPORATION MI 能 源 控 股 有 限 公 司

(Incorporated in the Cayman Islands with limited liability)

(Stock Code: 1555)

(1) MAJOR TRANSACTION RELATING TO THE DISPOSAL OF THE ENTIRE ISSUED SHARE CAPITAL OF ASIA GAS & ENERGY LTD

AND

(2) NOTICE OF THE EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING

A letter from the Board is set out on pages 5 to 15 of this circular. A notice convening the extraordinary general meeting (the ‘‘EGM’’) of the Company to be held at Room 3, United Conference Centre, 10/F, United Centre, 95 Queensway, Admiralty, Hong Kong on Monday, 20 June 2016 immediately after the conclusion of the extraordinary general meeting of the Company in relation to the disposal of 60% equity interest in Palaeontol B.V. is set out on pages EGM-1 to EGM-2 of this circular. Whether or not you are able to attend the EGM in person, please complete and return the accompanying form of proxy in accordance with the instructions printed thereon and return it to the Company’s registrar in Hong Kong, Tricor Investor Services Limited at Level 22, Hopewell Centre, 183 Queen’s Road East, Hong Kong, as soon as possible and in any event not less than 48 hours before the time fixed for the holding of the EGM or any adjourned meeting thereof (as the case may be). Completion and return of the form of proxy shall not preclude you from attending and voting at the EGM or any adjourned meeting thereof (as the case may be) should you so wish.

26 May 2016

CONTENTS

Page
DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
LETTER FROM THE BOARD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
APPENDIX I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF THE GROUP . . . . . . . . . . . . I-1
APPENDIX II — COMPETENT PERSON’S REPORT
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
II-1
APPENDIX III — GENERAL INFORMATION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
III-1
NOTICE OF EGM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EGM-1

– i –

DEFINITIONS

In this circular, unless the context otherwise requires, the following expressions shall have the following meaning:

  • ‘‘Agreement’’ the sale and purchase agreement dated 26 April 2016 between the Company and the Purchaser in relation to the Disposal

  • ‘‘Announcement’’ the announcement of the Company dated 27 April 2016 in relation to, inter alia, the Disposal

  • ‘‘associates’’ has the meaning ascribed to it in the Listing Rules

  • ‘‘Board’’ the board of Directors

  • ‘‘Company’’ MIE Holdings Corporation (stock code: 1555), a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands with limited liability, the Shares of which are listed on the Main Board of the Stock Exchange

  • ‘‘Competent Person’’ RISC Operations Pty Ltd

  • ‘‘Competent Person’s Report’’ the competent person’s report set out in Appendix II to this circular, issued by the Competent Person, in accordance with the requirements of the Listing Rules

  • ‘‘Completion’’ Completion of the Disposal in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Agreement

  • ‘‘Completion Date’’ the fifth business day following the day on which the parties to the Agreement notified each other that all Conditions have been satisfied or waived (if applicable) or such later date as the parties to the Agreement may agree in writing

  • ‘‘connected persons’’ has the meaning ascribed to it under the Listing Rules

  • ‘‘Consideration’’

  • the total consideration payable by the Purchaser pursuant to the Agreement, details of which are set out in the paragraph headed ‘‘Consideration and basis of determination’’ in this circular

  • ‘‘Director(s)’’ the director(s) of the Company

  • ‘‘Disposal’’ the disposal of the Sale Shares and the Shareholder’s Loan pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Agreement

  • ‘‘EBITDA’’

  • earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization

– 1 –

DEFINITIONS

  • ‘‘EGM’’

  • the extraordinary general meeting of the Company to be convened to consider, and if thought fit, approve, among other things, the Disposal, the notice of which is set out on pages EGM-1 to EGM-2 of this circular

  • ‘‘Group’’

  • the Company and its subsidiaries

  • ‘‘HK$’’ Hong Kong dollars, the lawful currency of Hong Kong

  • ‘‘Hong Kong’’

  • the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the PRC

  • ‘‘Hydrocarbon Gas’’

  • any gas mainly consisting of methane and hydrocarbon liquids that are covered by the PSCs

  • ‘‘IFRS’’

  • the International Financial Reporting Standards

  • ‘‘IFRS Financial Statements’’

  • financial statements prepared in compliance with the International Financial Reporting Standards

  • ‘‘Independent Third Party(ies)’’

  • independent third party(ies) who is (are) not connected person(s) of the Company and is (are) independent of the Company and connected persons of the Company

  • ‘‘Initial Payment’’

  • as defined in the paragraph headed ‘‘Consideration and basis of determination — (a) Purchase Price’’ in this circular

  • ‘‘Kazakhstan’’ Republic of Kazakhstan

  • ‘‘Latest Practicable Date’’

  • 24 May 2016, being the latest practicable date prior to the printing of this circular for ascertaining certain information herein

  • ‘‘Linxing PSC’’ the production sharing contract between SGE and China United Coal Bed Methane Corporation dated 29 June 1998 and as amended in respect of a tenement area of approximately 1,874 km[2] (as adjusted from time to time) in the Linxian and Xingxian Counties, Shanxi Province, the PRC

  • ‘‘Listing Rules’’ the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on the Stock Exchange

  • ‘‘Long-stop Date’’

  • the 120th day after the date of the Agreement or such other date as the parties to the Agreement may agree in writing

– 2 –

DEFINITIONS

  • ‘‘Management Fee’’ as defined in the paragraph headed ‘‘Consideration and basis of determination — (b) Management Fee’’ in this circular

  • ‘‘Mscf/d’’ thousand standard cubic feet per day, a common measure for volume of gas

  • ‘‘MMscf’’ million standard cubic feet

  • ‘‘Net Contribution Amount’’ as defined in the paragraph headed ‘‘Consideration and basis of determination — (a) Purchase Price — Completion Adjustment of Purchase Price’’ in this circular

  • ‘‘Net Working Capital of the as defined in the paragraph headed ‘‘Consideration and Target Company’’ basis of determination — (a) Purchase Price — Completion Adjustment of Purchase Price’’ in this circular

  • ‘‘Net Working Capital of SGE’’

  • as defined in the paragraph headed ‘‘Consideration and basis of determination — (a) Purchase Price — Completion Adjustment of Purchase Price’’ in this circular

  • ‘‘OPEC’’ Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

  • ‘‘Post-Completion Adjustment as defined in the paragraph headed ‘‘Consideration and Amount’’ basis of determination — (a) Purchase Price — Postcompletion Adjustment of Purchase Price’’ in this circular

  • ‘‘PRC’’ the People’s Republic of China, for the purpose of this circular, excluding Hong Kong, Macau Special Administrative Region of the PRC and Taiwan

  • ‘‘PSCs’’ the Linxing PSC and the Sanjiaobei PSC

  • ‘‘Purchase Price’’ as defined in the paragraph headed ‘‘Consideration and basis of determination — (a) Purchase Price’’ in this circular

  • ‘‘Purchaser’’ China New Energy Mining Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of Hong Kong

  • ‘‘RMB’’ Renminbi, the lawful currency of the PRC

  • ‘‘Sale Shares’’ 4,990,000,000 shares of US$0.001 each in the Target Company, representing the entire issued share capital of the Target Company

– 3 –

DEFINITIONS

‘‘Sanjiaobei PSC’’ the production sharing contract between the SGE and China National Petroleum Corporation dated 29 June 1998 and as amended in respect of a tenement area of approximately 1,126 km[2] (as adjusted from time to time) in Sanjiaobei Area, Shanxi Province, the PRC

‘‘SGE’’ Sino Gas & Energy Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of Australia

  • ‘‘SGEH’’ Sino Gas & Energy Holdings Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of Australia

‘‘SFO’’ the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Chapter 571 of the Laws of Hong Kong)

  • ‘‘Share(s)’’ ordinary share(s) of US$0.001 each in the issued share capital of the Company

  • ‘‘Shareholder(s)’’ holder(s) of the Share(s)

  • ‘‘Shareholder’s Loan’’ all of the amounts owed by the Target Company to the Company as at the Completion Date. For illustration purpose, the amount of the Shareholder’s Loan was US$87.8 million (approximately HK$684.8 million) as at 31 December 2015

  • ‘‘StockStock Exchange’’’’ The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited ‘‘Target Company’’ Asia Gas & Energy Ltd, an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands with limited liability, and as at the date of this circular, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company

  • ‘‘StockStock Exchange’’’’ The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited

  • ‘‘Target Group’’ The Target Company and SGE

  • ‘‘USA’’ or ‘‘US’’ United States of America

  • ‘‘US$’’ or ‘‘USD’’ United States dollars, the lawful currency of the United States of America

  • ‘‘%’’ per cent.

For the purpose of this circular and for illustrative purpose only, US$ is converted into HK$ at the rate of HK$7.80:US$1.00, RMB is converted into HK$ at the rate of HK$1.20: RMB1.00. No representation is made that any amounts in US$ has been or could be converted at the above rates or at any other rates.

– 4 –

LETTER FROM THE BOARD

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MIE HOLDINGS CORPORATION MI 能 源 控 股 有 限 公 司

(Incorporated in the Cayman Islands with limited liability) (Stock Code: 1555)

Executive Directors Mr. Zhang Ruilin (Chairman) Mr. Zhao Jiangwei Mr. Andrew Sherwood Harper Mr. Tao Tak Yin Dexter Mr. Tian Hongtao

Registered office Maples Corporate Services Limited P.O. Box 309 Ugland House Grand Cayman KY1-1104 Cayman Islands

Non-executive Director

Ms. Xie Na

Independent Non-executive Directors Mr. Mei Jianping Mr. Jeffrey W. Miller Mr. Guo Yanjun

Principal place of business in Hong Kong Level 54, Hopewell Centre 183, Queen’s Road East Hong Kong

Beijing office Suite 1501, Block C, Grand Place 5 Hui Zhong Road Chaoyang District Beijing 100101, PRC

26 May 2016

To the Shareholders

Dear Sir or Madam,

(1) MAJOR TRANSACTION RELATING TO THE DISPOSAL OF THE ENTIRE ISSUED SHARE CAPITAL OF ASIA GAS & ENERGY LTD AND

(2) NOTICE OF THE EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING

INTRODUCTION

Reference is made to the Announcement in relation to the Agreement entered into by the Company and the Purchaser on 26 April 2016 pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell and the Purchaser agreed to purchase the Sale Shares, representing the entire issued share capital of the Target Company, and the Shareholder’s Loan.

– 5 –

LETTER FROM THE BOARD

The purpose of this circular is to provide you with, among other things, (i) further details in relation to the Sale and Purchase Agreement and the transactions contemplated therein; (ii) financial information of the Group; (iii) the Competent Person’s Report; (iv) other information as required under the Listing Rules; and (v) the notice convening the EGM.

THE AGREEMENT

The principal terms of the Agreement are as follows:

Date

26 April 2016

Parties

  • (a) the Company; and

  • (b) the Purchaser.

To the best of the Directors’ knowledge, information and belief and having made all reasonable enquiries, the Purchaser and its ultimate beneficial owner(s) are Independent Third Parties.

Subject matter of the Disposal

  • (a) the Sale Shares, representing the entire issued share capital of the Target Company; and

  • (b) the Shareholder’s Loan.

Consideration and basis of determination

The Consideration under the Agreement comprises (a) the Purchase Price (subject to adjustment); and (b) the Management Fee.

(a) Purchase Price

The Purchaser shall pay US$220 million (approximately HK$1,716 million) (subject to adjustment) (the ‘‘Purchase Price’’) in cash to the Company according to the following schedule:

  • (i) on the date of the Agreement, US$88 million (approximately HK$686.4 million), being 40% of the Purchase Price (the ‘‘Initial Payment’’);

  • (ii) at Completion, the balance of the Purchase Price, as adjusted pursuant to the paragraph headed ‘‘Completion Adjustment of Purchase Price’’ below; and

– 6 –

LETTER FROM THE BOARD

  • (iii) if there is any further revision to the adjustment amount to the Purchase Price pursuant to the paragraph headed ‘‘Post-Completion Adjustment of Purchase Price’’ below, such amount shall be settled by the Company or the Purchaser (as the case may be) within 10 business days after such amount has been agreed by them (or otherwise determined pursuant to the Agreement).

The Initial Payment is refundable if Completion does not take place on or before the Long-stop Date, other than by virtue of any breach of the Agreement by the Purchaser.

Completion Adjustment of Purchase Price

At Completion, the Purchase Price shall be adjusted as follows:

  • (i) if the difference between the current assets and the current liabilities of SGE (excluding accounts receivable from or accounts payable to SGEH and/or the Target Company) as at 31 December 2015 (the ‘‘Net Working Capital of SGE’’) is positive, the Purchase Price shall be increased by an amount equal 51% of the Net Working Capital of SGE; and if the Net Working Capital of SGE is negative, the Purchase Price shall be decreased by an amount equal to 51% of the Net Working Capital of SGE;

  • (ii) if the difference between the current assets and current liabilities of the Target Company (excluding accounts receivable from or accounts payable to SGE and/ or the Group) as at 31 December 2015 (the ‘‘Net Working Capital of the Target Company’’) is positive, the Purchase Price shall be increased by an amount equal to the Net Working Capital of the Target Company; and if such amount is negative, the Purchase Price shall be decreased by an amount equal to the Net Working Capital of the Target Company;

  • (iii) if the aggregate of all payments made by the Group to, on behalf of or for the benefit of, the Target Company less the payments made by the Target Company to the Group (including any distribution of profits generated after 31 December 2015 to the Company) (the ‘‘Net Contribution Amount’’) after 31 December 2015 until the Completion Date is positive, the Purchase Price shall be increased by an amount equal to the Net Contribution Amount; and if the Net Contribution Amount is negative, the Purchase Price shall be decreased by an amount equal to the Net Contribution Amount; and

  • (iv) if there is any revenue generated or accrued by SGE from sales of Hydrocarbon Gas produced on or before 31 December 2015 or if there is any allocation made to or accrued by SGE with respect to production or pilot production under the PSCs produced on or before 31 December 2015, and such respective amounts are not reflected in the Net Working Capital of SGE, the Purchase Price shall be increased by an amount equal to 51% of such respective amounts.

– 7 –

LETTER FROM THE BOARD

Post-completion Adjustment of Purchase Price

On or before the 50th day following the Completion Date, the Purchaser shall notify the Company if any revision on the adjustment amount of the Purchase Price (the ‘‘PostCompletion Adjustment Amount’’) is necessary. The Company shall within a period of 30 days indicate whether it agrees to the Post-Completion Adjustment Amount as notified by the Purchaser, failing which the Company shall be deemed to have accepted the amount as notified by the Purchaser. If the Company and the Purchaser fail to agree on the Post-Completion Adjustment Amount after a further period of 30 days, they should jointly engage one of the ‘‘Big Four’’ accounting firms to make a final decision on the Post-Completion Adjustment Amount.

(b) Management Fee

At Completion, the Purchaser shall pay a management fee for the Company’s management of SGE’s operations and activities in relation to Hydrocarbon Gas exploration, appraisal, development and production under the PSCs in the amount of US$60,000 (approximately HK$468,000) per month for the period after 31 December 2015 until the Completion Date (the ‘‘Management Fee’’).

Whilst the final Consideration amount will be subject to the above adjustments to the Purchase Price to be finalised at or after Completion, based on an estimation of the adjusted Purchase Price as at the date of this circular, the Board currently estimates that the applicable percentage ratio with reference to the consideration test under the Listing Rules will exceed 25% but will be below 75%.

The Consideration was determined on normal commercial terms after arm’s length negotiations between the Company and the Purchaser with reference to a number of factors, including but not limited to the 2P Reserves stated in the independent technical reserve reports for both Linxing PSC and Sanjiaobei PSC as at 31 December 2015 of 574,260 MMscf, 2015 gross production of 3,702 Mscf/d, gas sales price of RMB1.615/m[3] for Linxing PSC and RMB1.63/m[3] for Sanjiaobei PSC, existing infrastructure including the two central gathering station located within the Linxing PSC and the Sanjiaobei PSC, financial information of the Target Company and the strategic value of the assets under the macro China natural gas environment.

The Directors consider that the Consideration is fair and reasonable and in the interests of the Company and the Shareholders as a whole.

– 8 –

LETTER FROM THE BOARD

Conditions

Completion is conditional on the following conditions (the ‘‘Conditions’’) being satisfied or waived (if applicable):

  • (a) all of the requirements under the Listing Rules (including, without limitation, the shareholders’ approval requirements under Chapter 14 of the Listing Rules), which are applicable to the transactions contemplated under the Agreement, have been satisfied;

  • (b) the charge over the Sale Shares in favour of an independent third party has been released; and

  • (c) no material adverse event, namely the termination of either or both of the PSCs by the relevant counterparties to the PSCs (except if such termination is caused by any act or omission to act of the Purchaser, its holding company or their respective subsidiaries, or of any third party acting in accordance with the instructions of the Purchaser, its holding company or their respective subsidiaries), has occurred.

Save and except for Condition (c) above (which may be waived at the discretion of the Purchaser), none of the Conditions can be waived.

As at the Latest Practicable Date, none of the Conditions has been fulfilled.

Completion

Completion shall take place on the Completion Date.

Upon Completion, the Target Company will cease to be a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Group.

Completion of the Disposal is subject to certain conditions being satisfied. Accordingly, the Disposal may or may not proceed and Shareholders and potential investors of the Company are advised to exercise caution when dealing in the Shares and other securities of the Company.

INFORMATION ABOUT THE PARTIES

The Group

The Group is an independent oil and gas group engaged in the exploration and production of oil and gas in the PRC, Kazakhstan and the USA. The Group operates the Daan and Moliqing oilfields in the Songliao Basins under various separate production sharing contracts with PetroChina Company Limited, the largest oil company in the PRC. The Group also holds an exploration contract and four production contracts that allow the Group to conduct exploration and production activities in the Mangistau province in the southwestern region of Kazakhstan. In addition, the Group pursues other oil and gas exploration, development and production opportunities internationally, both independently and in partnership with other major and independent oil companies.

– 9 –

LETTER FROM THE BOARD

The Purchaser

The Purchaser is a private company incorporated under the laws of Hong Kong with a focus on the exploration, development and production of oil and gas fields. The Purchaser’s management team comprises of industry veterans with extensive exploration and development experience of operating on-shore oil and gas fields in the PRC, the Republic of Indonesia, Kazakhstan and other international oil and gas joint ventures during their tenors with China National Petroleum Corporation and other companies listed on the Main Board of the Stock Exchange or on other stock exchanges, such as CNOOC Limited (NYSE: CEO; HKEx: 883; ADR: CNU), Sinopec Corp. (SSE: 600028; HKEx: 386; ADR: SNP) and CITIC Resources Holding Limited (HKEx: 1205).

INFORMATION ABOUT THE TARGET GROUP

The Target Company is an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands with limited liability. As at the date of this circular, the Target Company is wholly owned by the Company.

The Target Company is an investment holding company. The Target Company holds 51% equity interest in SGE, which has a 64.75% and 49% interest in the Linxing PSC and Sanjiaobei PSC, respectively. The PSCs are located in Shanxi province, North China, in the Ordos Basin and cover an area of over 3,000 km[2] and are prospective for coal bed methane and tight gas. During 2015, the total gross operated production of SGE was 3,702 Mscf/day. For the period since the Company’s acquisition of the Target Company in 2012 until 31 December 2015, the Company has contributed a total of approximately US$148.8 million (approximately HK$1,160.64 million) (by way of equity and shareholder’s loan) in the Target Company.

– 10 –

LETTER FROM THE BOARD

A simplified chart illustrating the shareholding structure of the Target Company and SGE as at the date of this circular is set out below:

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----- Start of picture text -----

the Company
100%
Target Company SGEH [1]
51% 49%
SGE [2]
64.75% 49%
Linxing PSC Sanjiaobei PSC
----- End of picture text -----

Note (1): To the best of the Directors’ knowledge, information and belief and having made all reasonable enquiries, save for the Company’s and SGEH’s joint investment in SGE as shown in the chart above, SGEH and its ultimate beneficial owner(s) are Independent Third Parties as at the date of this circular.

Note (2): SGE is classified as joint venture in accordance with the relevant terms of the shareholder agreement between the Company and SGEH.

Summary of oil and gas information of the Target Group

The table below sets out the indicative 1P, 2P and 3P oil and natural gas reserves estimates of the Target Group as at 31 December 2015:

31 Dec 2015
Oil Gas BOE
(Barrels) (MMscf) (Barrels)
Proved (1P) 375,870 62,645
Proved + Probable (2P) 574,260 95,710
Proved + Probable + Possible (3P) 781,830 130,305

Note (1): Barrels of oil equivalent (‘‘BOE’’, converting at six thousand standard cubic feet of gas to one BOE for reference purpose only).

– 11 –

LETTER FROM THE BOARD

Note (2): the indicated 1P, 2P and 3P oil and natural gas reserves estimates of the Target Group as at 31 December 2015 was extracted from the Competent Person’s Report prepared in accordance with the SPE-PRMS standard and included as Appendix II in this circular.

Financial Information of the Target Company and Financial Effects of the Disposal

The table below sets forth the financial information of the Target Company:

For the financial year ended For the financial year ended
31 December
2014 2015
(unaudited) (unaudited)
US$ US$
EBITDA (negative) (9,240,720) (4,274,634)
Net (loss) (9,252,879) (4,274,764)
As at As at
31 December 31 December
2014 2015
(unaudited) (unaudited)
US$ US$
Net assets 46,885,649 42,610,885

Upon Completion, the Group is expected to record an unaudited gain of approximately US$62.0 million (approximately HK$483.8 million) from the Disposal, calculated on the basis of (i) the estimated Purchase Price of US$220.0 million (approximately HK$1,716 million) and the estimated Management Fee of US$0.3 million (approximately HK$2.3 million); (ii) the unaudited net assets value of and shareholder’s loan to the Target Company as at 31 December 2015 of US$42.6 million (approximately HK$332.3 million) and US$87.8 million (approximately HK$684.8 million), respectively; and (iii) the acquisition consideration of previous minority shareholders’ stake in the Target Company based on the same Purchase Price of US$220.0 million (approximately HK$1,716 million) (before adjustment); and (iv) the transaction expenses in connection with the Disposal.

Assets and liabilities

The Group accounts for its investment in SGE by way of equity accounting. Upon Completion, based on the consolidated financial statements of the Group as at 31 December 2015, it is estimated that the total assets of the Group would increase by approximately US$62.0 million (approximately HK$483.8 million) and that the total liabilities of the Group would be unchanged. Such an increase in net assets is calculated by reference to the (i) Purchase Price; (ii) unaudited net assets value of and shareholder’s loan to the Target Company as at 31 December 2015; (iii) acquisition consideration of previous minority shareholders’ stake in the Target Company based on the same Purchase Price; and (iv) transaction costs and expenses attributable to the Disposal.

– 12 –

LETTER FROM THE BOARD

REASONS FOR AND BENEFITS OF THE DISPOSAL

In view of the prolonged volatility of crude prices in the global commodities market, the Disposal opportunity shall further enhance the financial strength and liquidity of the Group. The Disposal will allow the Group to realign resources and provide greater flexibilities in balancing between (i) capitalizing on any new acquisition opportunities that may provide more long-term strategic value to the Group and (ii) managing the various liabilities on the Group’s balance sheet as the global oil and gas industry recovers in the foreseeable future.

Further, based on the Target Group’s consolidated financial statements (prepared under the relevant international accounting standards adopted by the Group) for the years ended 31 December 2014 and 31 December 2015, the Target Group recorded (i) net losses of RMB55.4 million (approximately HK$66.5 million) and RMB26.6 million (approximately HK$31.9 million), respectively; and (ii) negative EBITDA of RMB55.4 million (approximately HK$66.5 million) and RMB26.6 million (approximately HK$31.9 million), respectively. The Disposal will attribute potential gains of RMB402.8 million (approximately HK$483.8 million) to the Group upon Completion, and enhances the financial strength and liquidity of the Company in the current low oil price environment.

In addition, as the Group accounts for its investment in SGE by way of equity accounting and does not consolidate the balance sheet and income statement of SGE into the Group’s consolidated financial statements, the Disposal is not expected to have any material impact on the Group’s financials following Completion.

Accordingly, the Directors believe that the Consideration represents a fair valuation on the Target Company and a reasonable return to the Group. The Board concludes that the terms and conditions of the Disposal are fair and reasonable and in the best of interests of the Company and the Shareholders as a whole.

USE OF PROCEEDS

The net proceeds from the Disposal after deducting related transaction costs and expenses as mentioned above are estimated to be US$203.5 million (approximately HK$1,587.1 million). The Group intends to apply the net proceeds from the Disposal for general working capital of the Group.

IMPLICATIONS UNDER THE LISTING RULES

As the highest applicable percentage ratio in respect of the Disposal exceeds 25% but is less than 75%, the Disposal constitutes a major transaction for the Company under Chapter 14 of the Listing Rules and is therefore subject to the notification, announcement and shareholders’ approval requirements under Chapter 14 of the Listing Rules. The Company will convene the EGM at which ordinary resolution(s) will be proposed to approve, among other things, the Disposal.

– 13 –

LETTER FROM THE BOARD

To the best of the knowledge, information and belief of the Directors having made all reasonable enquiries, no Shareholder has any material interest in the Disposal as at the date of this circular, and as such, no Shareholder is required to abstain from voting on the resolution(s) to be proposed at the EGM to approve the Disposal.

In compliance with the requirements of Chapter 18 of the Listing Rules, the Company has appointed the Competent Person to issue the Competent Person’s Report to provide the estimated amount of resources and reserves in respect of the Disposal Company in accordance with the SPE-PRMS standard.

To the best of the Directors’ knowledge, information and belief having made all reasonable enquiries, each of the Competent Person and its ultimate beneficial owners are Independent Third Parties.

EGM

The EGM will be held at Room 3, United Conference Centre, 10/F, United Centre, 95 Queensway, Admiralty, Hong Kong on Monday, 20 June 2016 immediately after the conclusion of the extraordinary general meeting of the Company in relation to the disposal of 60% equity interest in Palaeontol B.V. for the purpose of considering and, if thought fit, passing the resolutions set out in the notice of EGM, which is set out on pages EGM-1 to EGM-2 of this circular.

Whether or not you are able to attend the EGM in person, please complete and return the accompanying form of proxy in accordance with the instructions printed thereon and return it to the Company’s registrar in Hong Kong, Tricor Investor Services Limited at Level 22, Hopewell Centre, 183 Queen’s Road East, Hong Kong, as soon as possible and in any event not less than 48 hours before the time fixed for the holding of the EGM or any adjourned meeting thereof (as the case may be). Completion and return of the form of proxy shall not preclude you from attending and voting in person at the EGM or any adjourned meeting thereof (as the case may be) should you so wish.

CLOSURE OF REGISTER OF MEMBERS

The register of members of the Company will be closed from Thursday, 16 June 2016 to Monday, 20 June 2016, both days inclusive, during which period no transfer of shares of the Company will be effected. In order to qualify for the attendance at the EGM, all transfers accompanied by the relevant share certificates must be lodged with the Company’s Hong Kong share registrar, Tricor Investor Services Limited at Level 22, Hopewell Centre, 183 Queen’s Road East, Hong Kong not later than 4:30 p.m. on Wednesday, 15 June 2016.

RECOMMENDATION

The Directors (including the independent non-executive Directors) consider that the terms of the Agreement are on normal commercial terms and are fair and reasonable and in the interests of the Company and the Shareholders as a whole. Accordingly, the Directors (including the independent non-executive Directors) recommend the Shareholders to vote in favour of the relevant resolutions to approve the Disposal at the EGM.

– 14 –

LETTER FROM THE BOARD

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Your attention is drawn to the further information contained in the appendices to the circular.

Yours faithfully, For and on behalf of the Board Zhang Ruilin Chairman

– 15 –

FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF THE GROUP

APPENDIX I

STATEMENT OF INDEBTEDNESS

At the close of 31 March 2016, the Group had outstanding borrowings of approximately RMB4,964.1 million, comprising secured bank loans of approximately RMB552.6 million and interest bearing notes carrying at a book value of RMB4,411.5 million.

The bank loans totalling RMB121.0 million are secured by the Group’s right to receive revenue allocated to the Group under Daan Production Sharing Contract (‘‘Daan PSC’’) in the Daan oilfield located in Northeast region in the PRC during respective loan agreement periods. The Group holds a 90% interest in the foreign participating interest in the Daan PSC and the Daan PSC had been in the commercial production phase since 2005, expiring in 2024. The Group’s remaining bank loans totalling RMB431.6 million were secured by the Group’s bank deposits of approximately RMB463.0 million.

As at 31 March 2016, the Group had no material contingent liabilities or guarantees.

Save as aforesaid or otherwise disclosed herein, and apart from intra-group liabilities and normal trade payables in the normal course of business, at the close of business on 31 March 2016, the Group did not have any other loan capital issued and outstanding or agreed to be issued, bank overdrafts, loans or other similar indebtedness, liabilities under acceptances or acceptable credits, debentures, mortgages, charges, finance lease commitments, guarantees or other contingent liabilities.

WORKING CAPITAL STATEMENT

The Directors are of the opinion that, after taking into account the available financial resources, including internally generated funds, the available loan facilities and the estimated net proceeds from the Disposal, the Group will have sufficient working capital, that is, for at least the next 12 months from the date of this circular, in the absence of unforeseen circumstances.

FINANCIAL AND TRADING PROSPECTS OF THE GROUP

A race to pump by OPEC crude producers, US shale and non-OPEC suppliers created an unprecedented global glut that drove oil prices to a second year of steep declines since 2014. While producers have been responding to the low price environment with various measures, the macro fundamentals appear to have carried forward into 2016 and crude oil prices are likely to remain volatile in the short term. When operating under such challenging macro environment, the Group focuses on the ability to react promptly to these drastic changes with flexibility. In 2015, the Group continued to adapt and rebalance in response to the lower commodity prices by way of managing and lowering our operating and administrative costs, while maintaining safe and reliable operations. Capital investments significantly decreased and we expect further reductions in 2016 as we place liquidity as our top priority.

Accordingly, while the Group continue to closely monitor the development of global oil & gas market and keep abreast of attractive assets that would fit well with the Group’s long term development and growth, we shall maintain a strategy of reduced capital expenditure, minimal drilling and work programs, as well as focusing on operational efficiency and cost reduction in 2016. We plan to drill 23 gross wells, with total budgeted capital expenditure and cash-call approximating US$55 million. The expected net oil production is 9,240 to 10,540 barrels/day and the expected net gas production is 11,100 to 12,100 Mscf/day.

– I-1 –

COMPETENT PERSON’S REPORT

APPENDIX II

The following is the text of the Competent Person’s Report issued by the Competent Person, RISC Operations Pty Ltd, for the purpose of inclusion in this circular.

Private and confidential

and SanJiaoBei PSCs

– II-1 –

COMPETENT PERSON’S REPORT

APPENDIX II

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Confidentiality

MIE Holdings Corporation (MIE) agrees not to appropriate, copy or in any other manner reproduce or otherwise disclose any of the information contained in this document to any other person (other than the employees or servants of the MIE acting in the course of their employment) without RISC’s express written consent.

At the request of MIE, RISC has consented to the disclosure of this document provided that in consideration of RISC’s consent to the disclosure, MIE and Recipients acknowledge and agree that:

  • MIE indemnifies RISC from all claims, losses, liabilities, expenses or damages arising from a claim by the Recipient or any other third party in connection with the RISC advice

  • this document does not address the Recipient’s particular circumstances or requirements. The Recipient may not rely on the document for any purpose whatever.

  • RISC assumes no responsibility to the Recipient to update this document for anything that occurs, or of which becomes aware, following the release of the document to MIE

  • the Recipient must keep this document confidential and agrees not to appropriate, copy or in any other manner reproduce or otherwise disclose any of the information contained in this document to any other person or organisation.

  • neither RISC nor any employee, agent or contractor of RISC is liable to the Recipient or any other person in respect of any cause of action, including negligence, arising in connection with the contents of the document and the Recipient must not make any claim or commence or pursue any proceedings against RISC, or any employee, agent or contractor of RISC in respect of any cause of action arising in connection with the contents of the document.

If MIE or Recipient do not agree to the above terms, RISC withholds its consent to the disclosure of the document by MIE to Recipients.

Copyright

This document is protected by copyright laws. Any unauthorised reproduction or distribution of the document or any portion of it may entitle a claim for damages.

Authorisation

The preparation of this Competent Persons Report (CPR) report has been managed by Mr Peter Stephenson who is an employee of RISC Operations Pty Ltd. Mr Stephenson holds a B.Sc in Chemical Engineering, an M.Eng in Petroleum Engineering and is a chartered member in good standing of the Institution of Chemical Engineers and Society of Petroleum Engineers which are Recognised Professional Organisation. He has over 30 years' experience in the sector and is a Competent Person as defined in the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited. Mr Stephenson authorises the release of this CPR.

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Peter Stephenson B.Sc., M.Eng., MIChemE RISC Partner, 1138 Hay St., Perth, Australia

16 May 2016

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APPENDIX II

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Table of Contents

1.
Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1.
Overview .............................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2.
Reserves and Development Parameters ............................................................................................. 3
1.3.
Upside Resources ................................................................................................................................ 6
2.
Basis of Assessment ..................................................................................................................................... 7
2.1.
Terms of Reference ............................................................................................................................. 7
2.2.
Data Availability and Approach ........................................................................................................... 7
2.3.
Qualifications ....................................................................................................................................... 7
2.4.
Limitations ........................................................................................................................................... 8
2.5.
Independence ...................................................................................................................................... 9
2.6.
Standard .............................................................................................................................................. 9
2.7.
Indemnities .......................................................................................................................................... 9
2.8.
Consent ................................................................................................................................................ 9
3.
Regional Data and Analysis ........................................................................................................................ 10
3.1.
Regional Petroleum History ............................................................................................................... 10
3.2.
Regional Geology ............................................................................................................................... 11
3.3.
Well Test Results ............................................................................................................................... 13
3.3.1.
Analysis of Well Test Results ..................................................................................................... 16
3.3.2.
Location of Wells Tested ........................................................................................................... 19
3.4.
Reservoir Pressure and Gas Properties ............................................................................................. 20
3.5.
Reservoir Properties .......................................................................................................................... 22
3.5.1.
Petrophysical Methodology....................................................................................................... 22
3.5.2.
Gas Bearing Pay ......................................................................................................................... 23
3.5.3.
Reservoir Properties by Well ..................................................................................................... 24
3.6.
Gas Market and Prices ....................................................................................................................... 26
3.7.
Development Schedule and Resource Classification ......................................................................... 28
3.8.
Pilot Production ................................................................................................................................. 28
4.
SanJiaoBei PSC ........................................................................................................................................... 34
4.1.
Introduction and PSC Terms .............................................................................................................. 34
4.2.
Gas Initially In Place Estimates .......................................................................................................... 35
4.2.1.
Productive and Developable GIIP .............................................................................................. 37
4.3.
Development Plan and Production Forecast ..................................................................................... 38
4.4.
SanJiaoBei Resources ........................................................................................................................ 39
4.4.1.
1P and 2P Reserves .................................................................................................................... 40
4.4.2.
Possible Reserves....................................................................................................................... 40
4.4.3.
Contingent Resources ................................................................................................................ 41
4.4.4.
Prospective Resources ............................................................................................................... 41
4.5.
SanJiaoBei Economics ........................................................................................................................ 41

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4.5.1.
Probability of Development and Discovery ............................................................................... 41
4.5.2.
Economic Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 42
5.
Linxing PSC ................................................................................................................................................. 44
5.1.
Introduction and PSC Terms .............................................................................................................. 44
5.2.
Gas Initially In Place Estimates .......................................................................................................... 46
5.3.
Deep Gas Development Plan and Production Forecast .................................................................... 49
5.4.
Linxing Deep Gas Resources .............................................................................................................. 50
5.4.1.
Reserves ..................................................................................................................................... 50
5.4.2.
Possible Reserves....................................................................................................................... 51
5.4.3.
Contingent Resources ................................................................................................................ 51
5.4.4.
Prospective Resources ............................................................................................................... 51
5.5.
Linxing East Shallow CBM Resources................................................................................................. 51
5.6.
Linxing Economic Analysis ................................................................................................................. 53
5.6.1.
Deep CBM Development ........................................................................................................... 53
5.6.2.
Shallow CBM Development ....................................................................................................... 54
6.
List of terms ............................................................................................................................................... 56

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APPENDIX II

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List of Figures

Figure 1-1 Location of MIE PSCs in China ............................................................................................................ 2 Figure 1-2 1P and 2P Gas Forecasts for Linxing PSC ........................................................................................... 4 Figure 1-3 1P and 2P Gas Forecasts for SanJiaoBei PSC ..................................................................................... 4 Figure 3-1 Ordos Basin Gas Fields and Pipelines ............................................................................................. 10 Figure 3-2 SGE seismic interpretation - Line 221 .............................................................................................. 11 Figure 3-3 SGE He8 structure map .................................................................................................................... 12 Figure 3-4 Line SJB2011_216 showing thrusts .................................................................................................. 12 Figure 3-5 Stratigraphy of SGE Ordos Basin permits ....................................................................................... 13 Figure 3-6 Distribution of Interval Well Test Rates ......................................................................................... 17 Figure 3-7 Location of Tested wells ................................................................................................................... 19 Figure 3-8 Reservoir Pressures Data from Well Tests ..................................................................................... 20 Figure 3-9 Log versus Core Porosity comparison ............................................................................................. 23 Figure 3-10 GIIP percentages by Formation .................................................................................................... 26 Figure 3-11 Deeper CBM Pilot Scheme ............................................................................................................ 29 Figure 3-12 SJB Deeper CBM Pilot Production ................................................................................................ 30 Figure 3-13 LXW Deeper CBM Pilot Production .............................................................................................. 32 Figure 4-1: SanJiaoBei PSC Terms ...................................................................................................................... 35 Figure 4-2 SanJiaoBei permit – Resource Areas ............................................................................................... 36 Figure 4-3 SanJiaoBei Discovered Area P90, P50, P10 Production Forecasts .................................................. 39 Figure 4-4: Economic Sensitivities –SanJiaoBei Reserves Development ........................................................... 42 Figure 5-1: Linxing PSC Terms ............................................................................................................................ 45 Figure 5-2 Linxing permit – Resource Areas ..................................................................................................... 46 Figure 5-3 Linxing Discovered Area P90, P50, P10 Production Forecasts ........................................................ 49 Figure 5-4: Economic Sensitivities – Linxing Reserves Development ................................................................ 54

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APPENDIX II

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List of Tables

Table 1-1 PSC Summary and Interests assuming Government Authorities and CBM Energy Associates Options taken .................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Table 1-2 Summary of 1P and 2P Reserves, as of 1 January 2016 ...................................................................... 3 Table 1-3 Well Numbers and Development Costs (100%) ................................................................................ 5 Table 1-4 NPV of Reserves (MIE share) ............................................................................................................... 5 Table 1-5 Summary of Upside Resources for Linxing PSC, as of 31 December 2015 .......................................... 6 Table 3-1 Well Test Summary .......................................................................................................................... 14 Table 3-2 Average Well Test Rate and Permeability ....................................................................................... 17 Table 3-3 Reservoir Pressure, Temperature and Gas Expansion Factors ........................................................ 22 Table 3-4 Petrophysical cut-offs applied .......................................................................................................... 22 Table 3-5 Average Formation Properties ......................................................................................................... 24 Table 3-6 Formation Properties for the Shiqianfeng Sub Units (SQF 1 to 5) .................................................... 25 Table 3-7 Wellhead Gas Price Assumption (RISC) ........................................................................................... 26 Table 3-8 SJB Pilot Wells and Completion Intervals ........................................................................................ 31 Table 3-9 LXW Pilot Wells and Completion Intervals ...................................................................................... 33 Table 4-1 SanJiaoBei permit – Deep CBM Resource Areas .............................................................................. 36 Table 4-2 SanJiaoBei - Gas Initially In-place by Formation .............................................................................. 37 Table 4-3 Proportion of Productive GIIP per Formation ................................................................................. 38 Table 4-4 Development Parameters – Discovered Area ................................................................................. 39 Table 4-5: SanJiaoBei 1P and 2P Reserves ......................................................................................................... 40 Table 4-6: SanJiaoBei Possible Reserves ........................................................................................................... 40 Table 4-7: SanJiaoBei Contingent Resources ..................................................................................................... 41 Table 4-8: SanJiaoBei Prospective Resources .................................................................................................... 41 Table 4-9: SanJiaoBei Reserves Economics ....................................................................................................... 42 Table 5-1: PSC Extensions and Expiry Dates ...................................................................................................... 45 Table 5-2 Linxing permit – Deep Gas Resource Areas ..................................................................................... 47 Table 5-3 Linxing - Gas Initially In-place by Formation .................................................................................... 48 Table 5-4 Development Parameters – Discovered Area ................................................................................. 49 Table 5-5: Linxing Deep Gas 1P and 2P Reserves .............................................................................................. 50 Table 5-6: Linxing Deep Gas Possible Reserves ................................................................................................. 51 Table 5-7: Linxing Deep Contingent Resources ................................................................................................. 51 Table 5-8: Linxing Deep Prospective Resources ................................................................................................ 51 Table 5-9 Linxing East shallow CBM GIIP and Contingent Resources, at 31 December 2015 .......................... 52 Table 5-10: Linxing East Shallow CBM Resources ............................................................................................. 53 Table 5-11: Linxing Reserves Economics ........................................................................................................... 54

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APPENDIX II

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1. Executive Summary

1.1. Overview

Sino Gas and Energy Limited (SGE) is owned 51% by MIE Holdings Corporation (MIE) through its 100% owned subsidiary Asia Gas & Energy Limited. Sino Gas and Energy Holdings Limited (SGEH) hold the remaining 49%. SGE holds 100% contractor interest and is operator of two adjacent PSCs, Linxing (LX) and SanJiaoBei (SJB) in the Ordos Basin, onshore China.

The two PSCs are in the exploration phase which has been extended several times. Pilot gas production testing and sales is ongoing prior to submission of the Overall Development Plan (ODP). Upon ODP Approval the Government Authorities have the right to take an interest in the development, paying their corresponding share of development costs. Government entitlement is 30% in Linxing PSC and 51% in SanJiaoBei PSC. Also CBM Energy Associates has an option to buy back 5.25% of the contractor’s share of Linxing PSC by paying 7.5% of past costs. RISC has assumed that these options are exercised when estimating MIE share of NPV and resource entitlements; Table 1-1 summarises the resulting interests in each PSC.

Table 1-1 PSC Summary and Interests assuming Government Authorities and CBM Energy Associates Options taken

Asset Asset Operator SGE
Interest
MIE
Interest
Status Licence
Expiry
Date
Gross
Area
**(km2) **
MIE Net
Area
**(km2) **
Country Block
China Linxing PSC Sino Gas and
Energy
64.325% 33.82575% Pilot
testing
June
2028
1873.56 633.75
China San Jiao
Bei PSC
Sino Gas and
Energy
49% 24.99% Pilot
Testing
June
2033
1124.09 280.91
MIE currently has a 51% effective interest in both PSCs but this interest is expected to reduce to the above
values with Government and CBM Energy Associates options to take part in the development

Dry gas (93% Methane) was discovered in 2006 by well TB-01 and over 100 exploration and appraisal wells have been subsequently drilled to delineate the PSCs. Gas is reservoired in five formations over an 800m interval between 1300 and 2100 mbgl.

The reservoirs are low permeability sandstones containing basin centred gas that is not structurally constrained. This deep gas is sourced from coal measures located towards the base of the interval. CBM (Coal Bed Methane) resources have also been discovered and are undergoing pilot testing in a smaller area where the coal beds are shallower.

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APPENDIX II

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----- Start of picture text -----

Major
Fault
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Figure 1-1 Location of MIE PSCs in China

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The reservoirs appear to be gas bearing across the whole PSC area west of a major fault. Referring to Figure 1-1:

  • Linxing PSC has been divided into Linxing West and Linxing East following exploration relinquishments to the Government Authority.

  • Extensive drilling and well tests have demonstrated mobile gas across the whole Linxing West permit and the northwest of SanJiaoBei permit with the discovered gas resources classified as reserves or contingent resources. Reserves are classified within 2 well spacings of existing wells and the remaining area classified as contingent resources

  • The central part of SanJiaoBei PSC is classified as prospective resources requiring well testing to demonstrate a significant quantity of potentially moveable gas

  • The eastern part of SanJiaoBei PSC is on the other side of the major fault and has no resources assigned

  • Wells and well tests in Linxing East are limited so discovered gas (reserves and contingent resources) are limited to part of the permit. The remainder of Linxing East to the west of the major fault contains prospective resources

The coal measures to the west of the major fault are considered too deep (1500-2000 mbgl) to be commercially viable for CBM development and larger gas volumes are contained in the adjacent sandstones.

To the east of the major fault, the formations and coal measures are shallower and potentially commercial for CBM (Coal Bed Methane) development. The adjacent shallow sandstones are either water bearing or contain limited gas volumes due to the low pressure at the shallow depth. CBM has been discovered in the north east of Linxing East and pilot testing is ongoing. The wells have largely de-watered but gas rates achieved to date are sub-economic. These shallow CBM resources have been estimated and assigned as contingent resources.

Pilot gas production started in SanJiaoBei and Linxing West in November 2014 with gas sold into the YuIin Jinan regional pipeline. The initial rates of up to 4 MMscf/d have been achieved through the SanJiaoBei gas station. The Linxing Gas Plant started in September 2015 with rates up to 7 MMscf/d. Production through the two gas plants is expected to increase to the 25 MMscf/d capacity during 2016.

1.2. Reserves and Development Parameters

SGE is entitled to cost and profit gas under the terms of the PSC. The PSC terms differ in Linxing and SanJiaoBei PSCs so resources in the two PSCs have been estimated separately. Table 1-2 summarises the gross and MIE entitlement to resources in the two PSCs.

Table 1-2 Summary of 1P and 2P Reserves, as of 1 January 2016

Gas Resource (bcf) Gro ss MIE Entitlement MIE Entitlement
YE2015 PSC 1P 2P 1P 2P
Reserves Linxing deep 670 1053 225 343
SanJiaoBei deep 580 909 152 231
Total 1250 1962 376 574

A small proportion of the reserves associated with the ongoing pilot tests are classified as developed with the remaining majority undeveloped. Resources were evaluated at 31 December 2015.

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APPENDIX II

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Gross 1P and 2P gas production forecasts for Linxing and SanJiaoBei are shown in Figure 1-2 and Figure 1-3.

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600 1200
2P Reserves
500 1P Reserves 1000
400 800
300 600
200 400
100 200
0 0
2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029
Year
Figure 1-2 1P and 2P Gas Forecasts for Linxing PSC
300 1200
2P Reserves
250 1P Reserves 1000
200 800
150 600
100 400
50 200
0 0
2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 2031 2033
Year
Cumulative Gas (Bcf)
Annual Averageg Gas Rate (MMscf/d)
Cumulative Gas (Bcf)
Annual Averageg Gas Rate (MMscf/d)
----- End of picture text -----

Figure 1-3 1P and 2P Gas Forecasts for SanJiaoBei PSC

The estimated development well numbers and costs to develop the deep gas reserves in Linxing and SanJiaoBei PSCs are shown in Table 1-3.

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APPENDIX II

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Table 1-3 Well Numbers and Development Costs (100%)

Parameter
(Gross Field)
Linxing R eserves SanJiaoBei Reserves SanJiaoBei Reserves Total Re serves
1P 2P 1P 2P 1P 2P
Max gas rate MMscf/d 268 420 170 267 438 688
Well numbers 523 523 387 387 910 910
Wells US$MM 605 605 473 473 1078 1078
Gathering US$MM 140 140 103 104 243 244
Facilities US$MM 231 302 174 221 404 523
Total Capex US$MM 976 1048 749 797 1725 1845
Unit Capex $/Mscf 1.4 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.3 0.90
Unit Opex $/Mscf 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3
Unit cost $/Mscf 1.8 1.3 1.7 1.2 1.8 1.3
  • 523 wells are required to develop Linxing 1P and 2P reserves with a development cost of $976 to $1048 million

  • 387 wells are required to develop SanJiaoBei 1P and 2P reserves with a development cost of $749 to $797 million

The required number of wells and facilities are consistent with SGE intentions for the project at 31[st] December 2015.

MIE’s entitlement to cost and profit gas and project NPVs have been estimated using discounted cash flow modelling with the appropriate PSC terms and macroeconomic assumptions estimated by RISC. No consideration has been given to the contractor’s other assets or liabilities, contingent or prospective resources. Consequently, the economics in this report only relate to potential development of the Linxing and SanJiaoBei PSC gas reserves.

Economic evaluation is at 1/1/2016 with pre 2016 expenses treated as sunk costs. Table 1-4 shows the economic analysis of Linxing and SanJiaoBei reserve.

Table 1-4 NPV of Reserves (MIE share)

Project NPV10 (US$MM)
(MIE share)
1P
Reserves
2P
Reserves
SanJiaoBei PSC 289 507
Linxing PSC 472 830
Total 761 1,337

The above estimates have not been adjusted to reflect resource category or other factors (e.g. strategic, political and security risks) that a buyer or seller may consider in any transaction concerning these assets and therefore should not be considered as Fair Market Values.

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APPENDIX II

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1.3. Upside Resources

In addition to 1P and 2P reserves discussed above RISC has estimated 3P reserves, contingent and prospective resources as detailed in Table 1-5 Summary of Upside Resources for Linxing PSC, as of 31 December 2015Table 1-5.

Table 1-5 Summary of Upside Resources for Linxing PSC, as of 31 December 2015

Gas Resource Gross MIE Entitlement MIE Entitlement
(bcf)YE2015 PSC Possible Possible
Reserves Linxing deep 406 123
SanJiaoBei deep 355 84
Total 761 207
1C 2C 3C 1C 2C 3C
Contingent
Resource
Linxingdeep 1133 1764 2499 367 564 790
LinxingCBM 109 273 431 36 88 137
SanJiaoBei deep 510 794 1127 126 195 274
Total 1752 2831 4057 529 847 1201
low best **high ** low best **high **
Prospective
Resource
Linxingdeep 620 982 1382 196 302 419
SanJiaoBei deep 1250 1972 2785 298 460 641
Total 1870 2954 4167 494 762 1060

Contingent resources are contingent upon further appraisal and maturation of the development plan. The probability of contingent resources maturing to reserves and being developed is estimated to be 90%.

Prospective resources require exploration to confirm a significant quantity of potentially moveable gas to mature them to contingent resources, followed by commercial evaluation and development planning to mature them to reserves. The probability of exploration success is estimated as 75% in Linxing and 60% in SanJiaoBei. In addition the probability of commercial development is estimated to be 90%. This gives an overall probability of Linxing prospective resources being developed 67.5% and SanJiaoBei prospective resources being developed 54%.

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APPENDIX II

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2. Basis of Assessment

2.1. Terms of Reference

This Competent Person’s Report has been prepared under the terms of an engagement letter dated 29[th] April 2016 between RISC Operations Pty Ltd ("RISC") and MIE Holdings Corporation (MIE) for the preparation of a Competent Person’s Report on Linxing and SanJiaoBei PSCs consistent with the HKEx listing rules in relation to Mineral Companies.

2.2. Data Availability and Approach

In preparing this Competent Person’s Report, RISC has relied on information provided by Sino Gas and Energy Limited (SGE) and reports prepared by RISC[12] on behalf of SGE. These reports present our independent estimates of reserves and resources, production and cost forecasts, and results of economic evaluation using available data to end December 2015. Gas in place volumes were estimated using probabilistic methods. All reserves and resources have been evaluated using deterministic methods.

SGE has provided their consent that these data, evaluations and reports could be used as the basis for this Competent Person’s Report.

2.3. Qualifications

RISC is an independent oil and gas advisory firm. All of the RISC staff engaged in this assignment are professionally qualified engineers, geoscientists or analysts, each with many years of relevant experience and most have in excess of 20 years.

The preparation of this report has been managed by Mr Peter Stephenson who is an employee of RISC Operations Pty Ltd. Mr Stephenson is a member of the Society of Petroleum Engineers and holds a B.Sc in Chemical Engineering from University of Nottingham, England and an M.Eng in Petroleum Engineering from Herriot Watt University, Scotland. Mr Stephenson is a member in good standing of Institute of Chemical Engineers which is a Recognised Professional Organisation. Mr Stephenson has over 30 years' experience in the sector and is a Competent Person as defined in the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited.

Mr Stephenson was support in the compilation of this report by Martin Kennedy (petrophysics), Stephen Newman (geoscience) and Joe Collins (development engineering).

  • Mr Kennedy has a B.Sc in Chemistry and PhD in Electrical Engineering. He has over 30 years’ experience as a petrophysicist with Schulmberger, British Gas, Enterprise, Petro-Canada, Woodside and as a consultant.

  • Stephen Newman has a B.Sc in Geology, MSc in Petroleum Geology. He has over 30 years’ experience as a geoscientist with BP, Woodside, Shell and as a consultant.

  • 1 INDEPENDENT RESERVES AND RESOURCE ASSESSMENT, LINXING PSC, CHINA AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2015

  • 2 INDEPENDENT RESERVES AND RESOURCE ASSESSMENT, SANJIAOBEI PSC, CHINA AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2015

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  • Joe Collins has a B.Eng in Oil and Gas Engineering, Diploma in Project Management, is a member of SPE and chartered member of Engineers Australia. He has 12 years’ experience as an engineer with Haliburton, Westfarmers Chemicals and RISC.

RISC was founded in 1994 to provide independent advice to companies associated with the oil and gas industry. Today the company has approximately 40 highly experienced professional staff at offices in Perth, Brisbane, Jakarta and London. We have completed over 2000 assignments in 68 countries for nearly 500 clients. Our services cover the entire range of the oil and gas business lifecycle and include:

  • Oil and gas asset valuations, expert advice to banks for debt or equity finance;

  • Exploration/portfolio management;

  • Field development studies and operations planning;

  • Reserves assessment and certification, peer reviews;

  • Gas market advice;

  • Independent Expert/Expert Witness;

  • Strategy and corporate planning.

2.4. Limitations

The assessment of petroleum assets is subject to uncertainty because it involves judgments on many variables that cannot be precisely assessed, including reserves/resources, future oil and gas production rates, the costs associated with producing these volumes, access to product markets, product prices and the potential impact of fiscal/regulatory changes.

The statements and opinions attributable to RISC are given in good faith and in the belief that such statements are neither false nor misleading. While every effort has been made to verify data and resolve apparent inconsistencies, neither RISC nor its servants accept any liability, except any liability which cannot be excluded by law, for its accuracy, nor do we warrant that our enquiries have revealed all of the matters, which an extensive examination may disclose. In particular, we have not independently verified property title, encumbrances or regulations that apply to these assets.

We believe our review and conclusions are sound but no warranty of accuracy or reliability is given to our conclusions.

This CPR may not fully address some areas that are required content for a Competent Person’s Report as per Appendix 25 of the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited. These areas are not addressed in the reports on which this CPR is based and MIE considered it was not practical to extend the work scope to address these areas within the time available for the preparation of this CPR. For example

  • a site visit has not been conducted. A site visit is deemed unnecessary by RISC as on-site development is currently limited, RISC has seen extensive photographs of site activity and is aware of a number of investor site visits.

  • RISC Is not aware of any material social and/or environmental issues although a detailed review has not been conducted

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APPENDIX II

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2.5. Independence

RISC makes the following disclosures:

  • RISC is independent with respect to MIE and confirms that there is no conflict of interest with any party involved in the assignment.

  • Under the terms of engagement between RISC and MIE, RISC will receive a time-based fee, with no part of the fee contingent on the conclusions reached, or the content or future use of this report. Except for these fees, RISC has not received and will not receive any pecuniary or other benefit whether direct or indirect for or in connection with the preparation of this report.

  • Neither RISC Directors nor any staff involved in the preparation of this report have any material interest in MIE or in any of the properties described herein.

2.6. Standard

Reserves and resources are reported in accordance with the definitions of reserves, contingent resources and prospective resources and guidelines set out in the Petroleum Resources Management System (PRMS) approved by the Board of the Society of Petroleum Engineers in 2007.

2.7. Indemnities

MIE has agreed to release, discharge and indemnify RISC from all or any claims, losses, costs, expenses, actions, demands, judgments, orders, liability at law or in equity however arising including but not limited to any claim or consequential damages or any other proceedings whatsoever incurred by RISC in respect of any claim by a third party (including associates, agents or employees of the client) in connection with all or any of the services provided by RISC to the client under the terms set out in this document.

2.8. Consent

Neither the whole nor any part of this report nor any reference to it may be included in or attached to any prospectus, document, circular, resolution, letter or statement without the prior consent of RISC.

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APPENDIX II

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3. Regional Data and Analysis

3.1. Regional Petroleum History

The Linxing and SanJiaoBei PSC lies on the eastern edge of the Ordos Basin. The basin is the second largest petroleum-bearing basin in China with a reported total discovered P50 oil initially in-place of 8 billion barrels and a discovered P50 GIIP of 50 Tcf.

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Figure 3-1 Ordos Basin Gas Fields and Pipelines

The Ordos Basin is a cratonic basin covering an area of 250,000 sq km with up to 10,000m of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic sediments. The Jingbian, Wushenqi, Changbei, Tabamiao, Sulige, Chandong and Mizhi gas fields to the west are producing and under further development. They are largely located in an area of a gentle monocline, which extends into the SanJiaoBei PSC. These fields are understood to be stratigraphically trapped[3] , with gas present where reservoir quality sand bodies are present. As such the resource area is not limited to the traditional structural highs but extensive over the area.

The SanJiaoBei/Linxing gas accumulation is an updip extension of the Mizhi gas reservoirs (formerly called Jia Xian) with reported proven reserves of 0.5 Tcf. Gas is being produced in Mizhi from the Permian and Carboniferous He8, Shanxi and Taiyuan reservoirs which are also gas bearing in Linxing and SanJiaoBei. The Mizhi permit lies directly to the west of SanJiaoBei.

3 Yongtai Yang et al 2005 Tectonic and stratigraphic controls of hydrocarbon systems in the Ordos basin: A multicycle cratonic basin in central China AAPG Bulletin ; February 2005; v. 89; no. 2

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China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) started development of the Mizhi Gas Field in 2005 with first commercial gas production announced in 2007.

Development has been sanctioned and is underway for the South Sulige field, the fourth major gas development in the basin, operated by CNPC with Total as partner. Over 1000 wells will be drilled, hydraulically fractured and completed on two or three intervals in the Shihezi and He8 formations. These formations are gas bearing in SGE acreage.

Gas was discovered in Linxing PSC by well TB-01 drilled in 2006.

3.2. Regional Geology

The gas resources are contained in a number of interbedded sandstone layers between or overlying the coal seams extensively found in Carboniferous and Permian aged rocks at depths between 1300 and 2200 mbrt. At this depth the permeability of the coal is too low to be productive and the gas is produced through the adjacent gas bearing sandstone intervals.

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Figure 3-2 SGE seismic interpretation - Line 221

The SGE structure map at He8 level is shown in Figure 3-3. It demonstrates two structural areas; a structurally simple western area and a more complex fold area in the south-east of the SanJiaoBei permit.

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----- Start of picture text -----

Fold Area
----- End of picture text -----

Figure 3-3 SGE He8 structure map

RISC supports this model and sees the eastern fold area as the result of the impingement of the Lishi Thrust Belt to the east (Figure 3-4). Note that this line is greatly compressed and the angle of the faults is shallow.

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----- Start of picture text -----

Top
Prospect
ive level
Coal
West East
----- End of picture text -----

Figure 3-4 Line SJB2011_216 showing thrusts

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----- Start of picture text -----

Stratigraphic Column
Era System Epoch Formation Para-formation Code Facies Lithology Wireline Logging
Q1 P3q1
Q2 P3q2
Upper SQF Q3 P3q3 Flood Plain
Q4 P3q4
Q5 P3q5
He1 P2sh1
Up He2 P2sh2
Middle Lacustrine Deposit
Shihezi He3 P2sh3
He4 P2sh4
He5 P2x5
Lower He6 P2x6 Channel-Delta
Shihezi He7 P2x7 Deposit
He8 P2x8
Lower
Shan1 P1s1
Shanxi
Shan2 P1s2
Channel-Delta
Deposit
Tai1 C3t1
Upper Taiyuan
Tai2 C3t2
Barrier Island Lagoon
Middle Benxi C2b Deposit
Ordovician Middle Majiagou O1m
permian
Palaeozoic
Carboniferou
----- End of picture text -----

Figure 3-5 Stratigraphy of SGE Ordos Basin permits

3.3. Well Test Results

Data from 109 well tests across various reservoir intervals in 89 SGE wells in SanJiaoBei and Linxing were available for this review. The table below summarises the formations tested, flowrates, bottom hole and tubing head pressures (BHP and THP).

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Table 3-1 Well Test Summary

Well Formation Test Interval m MD Interval m MD Gas Flowrate Gas Flowrate BHP BHP TH P
from to m3/d mscf/d Mpa psia MPa psig
TB-01-LX SQF,He8,T'yuan post frac 1390 1973 5,000 177 0.1 15
TB-02-SJB Shanxi 1 + Shanxi 2 pre-frac 2130 2135 No flow
Shanxi 1 + Shanxi 2 post frac 2130 2135 6,500 230 1.38 200
Upper + Lower Shihezi pre frac 1883 1888 145 5 0.02 3
Upper + Lower Shihezi post frac 1883 1888 4,800 170 1.38 200
TB-03-LX SQF 4 pre-frac 1592 1595 7,500 265 3.50 508
Taiyuan/Benxi post frac 2071 2088.5 waterproduced 0.6 87
TB-04-SJB SQF 3 post frac 1526 1531 15,800 558 1.6 232
SQF 4 pre-frac 1611.5 1613.5 3,262 115 3.42 496 0.32 46
SQF 4 post frac 1611.5 1613.5 8,000 283 5.04 731
TB-05-LX Upper + Lower Shihezi post-frac 1924.7 1931.5 4,800 170 13 1885 8.79 1275
TB-06-LX SQF 3 pre-frac 1417.8 1423.2 28,300 1,000 watered out 1.4 200
TB-07-LX SQF 4 pre-frac 1620 1623 52,785 1,864 5.81 842 4.24 615
TB-08-LX Upper + Lower Shihezi pre-frac 1866.5 1875 Flaredgas but died after 15 minutes
SQF 4 pre-frac 1596.5 1605 Flaredgas but died after 20 minutes
SQF 4 post frac 1596.5 1605 20,000 706 2.0 290
Taiyuan/Benxi post frac 2076 2078 5,000 177 1.4 200
TB-09-LX SQF 4 pre-frac 1595.5 1598.5 25,000 883 3.0 435
SJB-03 SQF 4 and SQF 5 pre-frac 1575.5 1578 8,184 289 0.8 116
SJB-01 He8 post-frac 1806 1811 4,230 149 2.40 347 1.1 160
2013 Testing:
SJB-02 Shanxi post frac 2038 2040 646 23 declined 60% 3.4 493
SJB-03 Shanxi 1989.4 1993.2 3,088 109 1.26 182 0.50 73
SJB-04 Taiyuan post frac 2051 2056 2,704 95 2.12 307 0.26 38
SJB-05 Shanxi post frac 1911 1914 3,035 107 4.63 0.8 116
SJB-06 Shanxi post frac 1905 1909 2,874 101 2.97 431 0.55 80
SQF,Shihezi,He8 post frac 1425 1829 15,361 542 6 870
SJB-07 Taiyuan/Benxi post frac 2163 2167 3,557 126 4.44 644 1.3 189
SJB-10 Shanxi post frac 1742 1757 1,055 37 1.96 285 0.75 109
SJB-11 Shihezi 1800 1839 175 6 0.38 55 0 0
SJB-12 Shihezi 1967 1971 260 9 4.90 711 2.9 421
SJB-13 Shanxi post frac 1859 1875 635 22 3.20 464 0.6 87
SJB-15 Shanxi pre-frac 1882 1908 385 14 8.20 1189 0.7 102
SJB-16 Shihezi post frac 1815 1823 25,619 905 6.10 885 4.4 638
SJB-17 Shihezi post frac 1684 1752 6,947 245 2.43 352 1.3 189
SJB-19 He8 1746 1749 7,540 266 3.8 551
TB-11 LX Shanxi pre-frac 1934 1939 2,500 88
Shanxi post frac 1934 1939 19,058 673 6.62 960 5 725
He6,8,Shanxi post frac 1730 1854 14,638 517 2.5 363
TB-13 LX Taiyuan post frac 1982 2001 16,018 566 7.73 1121

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2014 Testing: 2014 Testing:
SJB-03 He8 post-Frac 1847 1851 4,150 147 3.40 493 2 290
SJB15 He8 post-Frac 1692 1723 12,000 424 4.48 650 4 580
SJB19 He6 post-Frac 1626 1699 7,104 251 4.63 672 3.69 535
SJB25 He8 post-Frac 1742 1799 5,215 184 4.67 678 3 435
TB-10 He7 post-Frac 1659 1662 4,684 165 3.72 539 1.14 165
TB-15 Shanxi-2 post-Frac 1986 1990 5,425 192 5.57 809 1.8 261
TB-16 He7 post-Frac 1742 1746 6,351 224 3.70 537 1.2 174
TB-17 He6 post-Frac 1753 1758 9,194 325 4.97 721 2.9 421
TB-18 SQFQ3 post-Frac 1544 1558 8,350 295 2.62 380 2.1 305
TB-21 Shanxi-2 post-Frac 1863 1867 5,241 185 3.42 496 1.28 186
TB-26 Benxi only perf 2061 2065 34,391 1215 14.88 2159 12 1740
TB-12 He7 post-Frac 1535 1768 20,706 731 6.37 925 5.6 812
TB-1H Shanxi-1 post-Frac 2320 3440 141,000 4979 17.93 2601 13.993 2029
TB-2H Shanxi post-Frac 1938 1945 105,517 3726 10.4 1508
TB-23 Taiyuan post-Frac 1934 1938 57,348 2025 10.72 1555 8.78 1273
SJB02 L Shihezi post-Frac 1788 1920 3,510 124 0.87 126 0.3 44
SJB10 He8 post-Frac 1595 1674 5,915 209 6.41 929 4.8 696
SJB18 L Shihezi post-Frac 1921 1929 4,751 168 8.57 1243 3.6 522
SJB18 He8 post-Frac 1798 1802 13,474 476 6.29 912 4.4 638
SJB22 L Shihezi post-Frac 1874 1979 13,184 466 11.57 1678 9.7 1407
SJB9 He8 post-Frac 1869 1890 11,595 409 5.66 821 5.1 740
TB-19 Tiayuan/Benxi post-Frac 1997 2045 15,075 532 2 290
TB-20 Shanxi-2 post-Frac 2066 2073 rate too low to measurement
TB-27 Shanxi-2,Taiyuan post-Frac 2110 2192 17,441 616 6.41 929 3.5 508
TB-22 Benxi pre-Frac 2047 2066 2,177 77 2.94 427 1.3 189
Benxi post-Frac 2047 2066 small unstable flow
TB-24 Taiyuan post-Frac 1998 2001 1,044 37 4.74 687 0.65 94
TB-30 Shanxi-1&2 + He8 post-Frac 1848 1922 rate too low to me asurement
LXW1-1 L Shihezi + Shanxi-1 post-Frac 1895 2018 9,633 340 0.6 87
LXW1-3 SQF + Shanxi-1 post-Frac 1734 1933 26,621 940 3.5 508
LXW1-5 L Shihezi + Shanxi-1 post-Frac 1557 2111 8,850 313 2.6 377
LXW1-7 L Shihezi + Shanxi-1 post-Frac 1662 1977 23,914 845 3 435
LXW1-9 L Shihezi + Shanxi-1 post-Frac 1918 2085 20,446 722 2.2 319
LXW3-01 SQF + L Shihezi post-Frac 1459 1824 28,842 1019 3.9 566
LXW3-5 SQF + Shanxi-1 post-Frac 1681.3 2144.4 61,267 2164 7.7 1117
LXW3-7 L Shihezi + Shanxi-1 post-Frac 1813.4 1974 37,846 1337 5.5 798
LXW5-5 L Shihezi + Shanxi-1 post-Frac 2090.8 2296.5 38,053 1344 5.5 798
LXW5-7 SQF + Shanxi-1 post-Frac 1628.8 2071.5 17,523 619 2.77 402
2015 Testing:
LXDG-03 Upper Shanxi post-Frac 1741 1728.5 302 11 6.47 938 0.3 44
Shihezi(He7) post-Frac 1582.5 1557.5 7,449 263 2.80 406 1.5 218
LXDG-04 Shihezi(He7) post-Frac 1671.5 1669.5 17,252 609 2.96 429 1.2 174
LXW 3-2 Lower Shanxi post-Frac 2043 2037.8 30,000 1059 8.5 1233
Upper Shanxi post-Frac 1991.2 1987.2
He8 post-Frac 1973.2 1967.2
SQFQ4 post-Frac 1529.4 1524.4
TB-06 Benxi post-Frac 1957.5 1952.5 14,373 508 4.33 628 1.7 247
TB-25 Taiyuan post-Frac 1941.5 1937.5 6,779 239 6.22 902 3.8 551
Taiyuan + Lower Shanxi post-Frac 1942 1878 22,742 803 7.13 1033 4.5 653

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TB-26-2 Bexni post-Frac 2028.5 2025.5 2,243 79 5.01 727 0.8 116
TB-27 Shehizi He6 post-Frac 1870 1864 10,526 372 3.78 549 1.3 189
SQFQ3 1631.5 1627.5 43,179 1525 4.51 654 3.7 537
TB-28 U Shanxi & L Shehizi post-Frac 2097 1974 555 20 5.61 814 0.1 15
post-Frac 1669 1666 16,383 579 2.25 327 1.3 189
TB-26-3 Benxi,L & U Shanxi post-Frac 2184 1991 1,282 45 6.00 870 0.6 87
TB-20 Taiyuan post-Frac 2196 2194 17,549 620 6.10 884 1.1 160
LXW5-2 Q5,L Shehezi,L Shanxi pre-frac 2014 1632 7,099 251 1 145
LXW5-4 Benxi,He7 pre-frac 2098 1807 7,559 267 0.9 131
SJB23-D1 Benxi pre-frac 2228.5 2224.5 32,147 1135 4.46 647 3 435
LXDG-05 SQFQ5 post-Frac 1442 1445 5,129 181 3.66 531 1.1 160
LXDG-02 U Shanxi post-Frac 1790 1793 100 4 10.67 1547 0 0
LXDG-04 SQFQ5 post-Frac 1396 1420 61,536 2173 5.31 770 5.2 754
TB-26-1 Benxi,L Shanxi,He8 pre-frac 1810 2028 35,853 1266 3.25 471 2.8 406
TB-26-4 Benxi pre-frac 2148 2152 45,103 1593 3.62 525 3.1 450
TB-26-5 SQFQ5 pre-frac 1623 1626 4,035 142 3.97 576 2.7 392
TB-26-6 Taiyuan pre-frac 2138.4 2141.6 8,138 287 3.1 450
TB-06 Shehizi He6,He7 post-Frac 1649.4 1689.5 12,000 424 3.30 479 1.6 232
LXW3-4 Q5,L Shehezi,L Shanxi post-Frac 1642 2101 30,000 1059 4.4 638
TB-26-2 Shehizi He8 post-Frac 1809 1818 1,750 62 2.14 311 0.7 102
87 107 103 **or 96% ** had sustained flow

Several new well tests in 2015 flowed above 1 MMscf/d:

  • TB-26-4 and SJB23-D1 flowed 1.6 and 1.1 MMscf/d from the Benxi formation without hydraulic fracturing

  • TB-26-1 flowed 1.3 MMscf/d without hydraulic fracturing in a comingled test

  • LXDG-04 in Linxing East flowed 2.2 MMscf/d from SQF Q5 after fraccing

  • TB-27 flowed 1.5 MMscf/d from SQF Q5 formation

SGE have successfully drilled and tested two horizontal wells TB-1H and TB-2H in Linxing West. The high well test rates are encouraging and SGE plans to drill horizontal wells where beneficial to supplement the development.

3.3.1. Analysis of Well Test Results

Water production has occurred in two wells. The Taiyuan/Benxi formation in TB-03-LX was interpreted to have a low gas saturation and produced water on test. The SQF formation in TB-06-LX produced at a high estimated gas rate for 3 hours before watering-out. The well is known to have a poor cement bond and it is suspected that water identified in other intervals killed the well. SGE drilled TB-10 near TB-06 and logs from TB-10 have confirmed gas pay in the five formations. TB-10 successfully tested the Shihezi He8 formation.

The well test flowrates achieved from individual reservoirs varies from zero to 141,000 m[3] /d (5.0 MMscf/d). Figure 3-6 shows the distribution of well test rates from individual reservoirs (pre-frac tests are excluded where superseded by post frac tests).

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Figure 3-6 Distribution of Interval Well Test Rates

  • 4% of tests failed to flow, died or flowed water

  • 2015 testing has not significantly altered the well test statistics

  • 50% of tests flowed at more than 8,000m3/d (267 Mscf/d),

  • 16% of tests flowed at more than 28,300 m3/d (1,000 Mscf/d)

Hydraulic fracturing has been conducted on 80% of well test intervals although:

  • A well test with one of the highest gas rate was not fractured; 53,000 m3/d (1.9 MMscf/d) from the SQF formation in TB-07-LX.

  • The pre-frac rate in TB-11 increased 8 fold after hydraulic fracturing. A proportion of reservoir intervals will not flow without hydraulic fracturing.

Permeability and skin factors have been estimated from pressure build-up analysis on 33% of the well tests. The average and range in permeability estimated for each formation is shown below:

Table 3-2 Average Well Test Rate and Permeability

Formation Average test rate Average test rate Well Test Permeability (mD) Well Test Permeability (mD) Well Test Permeability (mD)
m3/d mscf/d min mean max
SQF 21,096
745
0.445
6.74
42.10
Shihezi
Shanxi
10,979
388
13,759
486
0.012
0.11
0.49
0.002
0.04
0.10
Taiyuan 8,111
286
0.022
0.17
0.57
Total 14,431
510
0.002
1.60
42.10
  • There is a good correlation between well test permeability and well test flow rate per metre of pay.

  • The average SQF permeability is skewed by one value of 42 mD; excluding this reduces the average to 0.8 mD. However, the average rates of all SQF well tests (including those without permeability estimates) supports the 6.74 mD average.

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  • The SQF is the most productive formation having successfully flowed in all tests with an average rate of 23,000 m3/d (810 Mscf/d). However, productivity is variable and the interval required hydraulic fracturing in TB-08-LX to achieve sustainable flow.

The minimum economic well flow rate to support development is estimated at 3100 m[3] /d (110 Mscf/d) at semi-steady state conditions, which equates to a transient flow rate after 2 week flow of 6200 to 7600 m[3] /d (220 to 270 Mscf/d) at 200 psia THP. The average well test flowrate often of an individual interval is greater than this and development wells will be completed on multiple intervals.

The well tests intervals have generally included sections of porosity greater than 8.5%. Therefore there is uncertainty if lower porosity intervals will flow and how much they contribute to production. RISC uses a 5%, 7% and 9% porosity cut off to estimate the high, mid and low percentage of the GIIP that is productive. A 4% porosity cut-off is used to estimate total GIIP, which is the normal cut-off used by Operator’s in these Ordos Basin formation.

RISC has used the mean permeability in Table 3-2 and the net pay with 7% porosity cut-off to model the performance of an average well completed in the different formations.

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3.3.2. Location of Wells Tested

Figure 3-7 shows the location of wells tested before and during 2015.

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Figure 3-7 Location of Tested wells

In 2015 well tests have confirmed commercial gas flow in the previously prospective Linxing East area:

  • Well LXDG-03 flowed 263 Mscf/d at 218 psig wellhead pressure (WHP) from the He7 formation. It also flowed 11 Mscf/d from the Upper Shanxi

  • Well LXDG-04 flowed 609 Mscf/d at 174 psig wellhead pressure (WHP) from the He7 formation. It also flowed 1,173 Mscf/d from the SQF with high (754 psig) WHP

  • Well LXDG-05 flowed 181 Mscf/d at 160 psig wellhead pressure (WHP) from the SQF formation.

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  • Although not yet tested wells LXDG-06 and 08 are near LXDG-03, 04 and 05 and the logs indicated gas bearing pay.

  • Well LXDG-02 was tested in 2015 but struggled to flow. A rate of 4 Mscf/d as recorded. A previous test on LXDG-01 produced small volumes of gas and water. LXDG01 is close to or on the fault. Therefore, LXDG-01 and 02 remain prospective.

With the additional wells and well test data RISC classifies Linxing East area around LXDG-03, 4, 5, 6, and 8 as discovered with either reserves or contingent resources.

The central SanJiaoBei area is also classified as prospective as gas saturations estimated from well logs are uncertain and commercial gas flow had not been demonstrated by well tests.

3.4. Reservoir Pressure and Gas Properties

Well test data is the most accurate source of information and has been used to estimate reservoir pressure and temperature data. Reservoir pressure estimates from fracture fall-off tests are also considered. Wireline pressure measurements have not been attempted as the reservoir permeability is generally too low to give successful measurements. The pressure data is from a limited number of well tests and therefore carries a higher degree of uncertainty than usual.

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Figure 3-8 Reservoir Pressures Data from Well Tests

The Taiyuan reservoir pressure is about 20 MPa (2750 psia). However, the shallower SQF reservoir is significantly lower at about 7 MPa (1000 psia). Well tests on the Shihezi shows a range of intermediate pressures as plotted.

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The land elevation is approximately 1010 m above sea level and the reservoir pressure data lie between a normal water pressure gradient from ground-level and a water pressure gradient from sealevel.

If a line is drawn through all pressure data (red dashed line), the gradient (5.05 psi/m) is greater than a water gradient and therefore wrong. Therefore, shallower and deeper formations must be separate hydraulic units with different pressures. All five reservoirs may be in different hydraulic units with the deeper reservoirs less under-pressured than the shallower reservoirs. Under-pressured reservoirs are not common but usually associated with low permeability, gas-charged reservoirs in uplifted basins as is the case here.

Pressure data from the Shanxi formation indicates that the Shanxi formation is in the same pressure regime at the underlying Taiyuan. Therefore, a normal pressure gradient (1.42 psi/m) from ground level has been used to estimate pressures in the Taiyuan to Shanxi and Ordovician.

A normal pressure gradient (1.42 psi/m) from near sea level has been used to estimate pressures in the SQF and a normal pressure gradient (1.42 psi/m) from an intermediate depth has been used to estimate pressures in the Shihezi including He8.

This pressure model represents a series of hydraulic models with increasing under-pressure in the shallower formations. Such a model could be caused by the deeper formations outcropping near 1000m ground level and shallower formations outcropping at lower altitudes approaching sea level for the SQF.

Two SQF pressure points from deep gas wells in Linxing East (LXEDG-04 and LXEDG-05) indicate that the SQF pressure in Linxing East may be higher than in Linxing West and SanJiaoBei. The two pressures are closer to the Shanxi pressure line. However, pressure data carries significant uncertainty and these two points may not be representative. Therefore RISC has used the same pressure gradient for SQF in Linxing East as in the other permits. If additional data supports a different model for Linxing East this will be updated in future reviews and increase GIIP estimated in the Linxing East SQF.

The gas is dominantly methane (88 - 98 mol%), with specific gravity of 0.57 – 0.63 and no associated condensate. It has low carbon dioxide and nitrogen content, no H2S and a heating value of 1.1 PJ/Bcf. The compositional variation between samples is relatively small and does not significantly alter gas properties. The composition of the sample from TB-05 He8 represents an average composition sample and has been used to estimate representative fluid properties.

Gas expansion factors (+/-20%) have been estimated from the reservoir pressure, temperature and gas composition.

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Table 3-3 Reservoir Pressure, Temperature and Gas Expansion Factors

Reservoir Average Depth Average Depth Pressure Pressure Temp
C
Eg
v/v
mtvdss mbrt Mpa.a psia
SQF1 314 1324 4.16 604 46 40
SQF2 371 1381 4.72 685 46 46
SQF3 429 1439 5.29 767 47 52
SQF4 475 1485 5.74 833 48 57
SQF5 512 1522 6.10 885 48 61
U+LShihezi 651 1661 13.15 1907 51 142
He8 810 1820 14.71 2134 53 157
Shanxi 1+2 898 1908 18.81 2728 54 199
Taiyuan 953 1963 19.35 2807 55 203

From well test data the reservoir temperature is estimated to be 53[o] C at 840 mtvdss with a gradient of 0.0147[o] C/m.

3.5. Reservoir Properties

Reservoir properties for each formation and each well have been estimated from the well logs. The average and standard deviation of all well results has been used to estimate the range in properties field wide.

RISC has reviewed the petrophysics results by permit to see if there are any directional trends in reservoir properties. We conclude that although there is significant variation from well to well there are no clear trends in properties and no significant difference between Linxing and SanJiaoBei permits. Therefore, we use results from all wells to quantify the range of reservoir properties across all regions. This provides a larger single statistical database for each formation.

If saturation is removed from the analysis, the prospective area pore volume distribution is also consistent with the other areas. Therefore, properties in the prospective area are only differentiated using saturation as discussed below.

3.5.1. Petrophysical Methodology

RISC has interpreted all the SGE logs using standard petrophysical methods. To define net pay we have used the following cut-offs.

Table 3-4 Petrophysical cut-offs applied

Porosity Vshale Sw
Net Pay >4% <30% <80%
Net Reservoir >4% <30% No cut-off applied

Log porosity (PHIT) has been compared to core porosity and shows a good correlation in Figure 3-9.

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Core to Log Porosity
20
LXDG-02
15
SJB-18
SJB-25
10 TB-19
TB-23
TB-24
5
TB-30
0
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00
Core Porosity %
Log Porosity
----- End of picture text -----

Figure 3-9 Log versus Core Porosity comparison

Where continuous core is available, this has been depth matched against logs and gives a good correlation. However, a significant amount of core data are single points from sidewall cores and depth matching is not possible. The poor match of some individual points is estimated to be due to depth error resulting in the log porosity being from a slightly different depth than the core porosity. Overall the log and core porosity correlation is reasonable.

Archie’s equation was used with m=n=2 and varying water resistivity/salinity defined by Picket plots to estimate saturations.

Sums and averages were calculated for the net pay and net reservoir in each reservoir interval. These were also calculated using 5%, 7% and 9% porosity cut-off in order to estimate the proportion of productive or developable GIIP.

3.5.2. Gas Bearing Pay

Water saturations estimated from logs carry significant uncertainty in low permeability sands. It is not unusual to have water saturation of 50 to 60% and above due to the low porosity and permeability.

Earlier wells (pre 2013) were interpreted to be dominantly gas bearing. Some subsequent wells indicate some water bearing intervals and that a saturation cut-off may be required, particularly in the prospective area. Therefore, a hydrocarbon NTG parameter is used to model the pore volume proportion of gas bearing reservoir. This incorporates the risk and uncertainty that some intervals may not be gas bearing.

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Petrophysical interpretation of well data in the centre of SanJiaoBei shows high water saturation with some log derived water saturations above 80%. As a result, RISC are now using a hydrocarbon net-togross (HC NTG) based on an 80% water saturation cut-off to account for potential water bearing intervals. Separate Hydrocarbon NTG values are calculated and applied to the discovered and prospective regions.

3.5.3. Reservoir Properties by Well

RISC has interpreted the well logs and compiled the petrophysical data for this report.

In RISCs GIIP calculations, the Upper and Lower Shihezi, intervals are combined. Similarly, the Shanxi 1 and Shanxi 2, and the Taiyuan and Benxi are combined. The petrophysical averages by properties for the Shiqianfeng (SQF) to the Taiyuan/Benxi, are given in Table 3-5. In the volumetric calculations, RISC use weighted average porosity for the individual formation. The porosity standard deviation shown has been calculated using the standard deviation around the mean with an additional 1pu to account for potential systematic error in log interpretation.

As previously discussed in Section 3.5.2, RISC incorporates a hydrocarbon net to gross variable. This variable is calculated and applied to the appropriate discovered and prospective areas.

Table 3-5 Average Formation Properties

Net Reservoir Thickness Net Reservoir Thickness Reservoir Porosity Reservoir Porosity Sw Sw
m Std dev % Std dev % Std dev
Shiqianfeng (Total) 45.3 2.02 7.68 0.12 54.3 0.89
Upper + Lower Shihezi 27.6 1.53 8.05 0.12 49.1 1.02
He8 3.2 0.36 7.31 0.27 39.2 1.85
Shanxi 1 + 2 9.7 0.85 8.40 0.23 38.0 1.46
Taiyuan + Benxi 9.0 0.81 7.88 0.21 41.4 1.77
Discovered HC NTG Prospective HC NTG
% Std dev % Std dev
Shiqianfeng (Total) 48.7 3.55 35.3 3.55
Upper + Lower Shihezi 60.6 2.91 33.9 2.91
He8 84.5 3.74 29.2 3.74
Shanxi 1 + 2 84.3 1.87 51.5 1.87
Taiyuan + Benxi 50.7 3.45 65.2 3.45

RISC has expanded the statistical standard deviation of the mean porosity and water saturations by 1 porosity unit and 10 saturation units to account for possible interpretation bias.

Additionally, RISC has estimated and used the petrophysical average properties by formation for the Shiqianfeng sub units (SQF 1 to 5). This summary is given in Table 3-6.

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Table 3-6 Formation Properties for the Shiqianfeng Sub Units (SQF 1 to 5)

Net Reservoir Thickness Net Reservoir Thickness Reservoir Porosity Reservoir Porosity Sw Sw
m Std dev % Std dev % Std dev
SQF 1 5.5 0.54 6.37 0.14 59.9 1.74
SQF 2 15.8 0.96 7.16 0.15 55.0 1.13
SQF 3 8.9 0.75 7.69 0.19 58.3 1.24
SQF 4 10.7 0.53 8.87 0.18 51.3 1.11
SQF 5 4.4 0.48 8.27 0.25 51.5 1.57
Discovered HC NTG Prospective HC NTG
% Std dev % Std dev
SQF 1 34.9 4.77 32.5 4.77
SQF 2 46.9 4.10 37.2 4.10
SQF 3 44.0 4.07 24.3 4.07
SQF 4 58.5 3.60 41.6 3.60
SQF 5 48.5 4.41 25.8 4.41

The average reservoir properties are sensitive to the porosity cut-off used. A 4% porosity cut-off has been used to estimate total GIIP. However it is unclear whether the lower porosity intervals will all contribute to flow. Therefore RISC uses a 5%, 7% and 9% porosity cut off to estimate the high, mid and low percentage of the GIIP that is productive.

Increasing the porosity cut-off from 4% to 7% reduces the total productive pay across all reservoirs by 58%. In terms of GIIP, the reduction is not as severe because the average porosity is greater with higher porosity cut-offs. Increasing the porosity cut-off from 4% to 7% reduces the average productive GIIP by 17%.

Figure 3-10 shows the GIIP distribution by formation which is similar using the different porosity cutoffs.

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0.4%
2.1%
3.3% GIIP Distribution
15.6% 6.1% 1.9% SQF Q1
SQF Q2
SQF Q3
SQF Q4
SQF Q5
30.6% 34.6% Upper and Lower Shihezi
He8
Shanxi (P1s)
5.4%
Taiyuan and Benxi
----- End of picture text -----

Figure 3-10 GIIP percentages by Formation

14% of the P50 GIIP is estimated to be in the SQF; 40% in Shihezi (including He8); 31% in Shanxi and 15% in Taiyuan/Benxi.

3.6. Gas Market and Prices

RISC has estimated gas prices using information from SGE and China and the Shanxi province discussed below. Gas prices between 1.19 and 2.23 RMB/m[3] are estimated, which have been converted to US$/Mscf at an average exchange rate over recent years of 6.45 RMB/USD (Table 3-7):

Table 3-7 Wellhead Gas Price Assumption (RISC)

Gas Price Low Mid High
RMB/m3 1.19 1.63 2.23
USD/Mscf 5.22 7.16 9.80

SGE have been negotiating the sale of pilot test gas from LX and SJB pilot production gas station and signed new gas sales agreements on 15 Dec 2015 with a gas price is 1.63 RMB/m3. RISC use this as the mid case price. RISC has broadened the range in estimated gas prices to incorporate exchange rate and economic uncertainty.

China’s gas market potential is enormous, with accelerating growth in gas consumption over the past decade. With robust economic development expected to continue, energy demand is expected to be high, particularly for clean fuels. By 2020, China’s total consumption is expected to approach 200 billion cubic metres, which will account for 13% of China’s energy mix. While domestic gas production capacity continues to expand, a large portion of China incremental demand will be met by cross-border pipelines and LNG imports. By 2020, about half of the natural gas demand will have to be imported.

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Locally, the Shanxi to Beijing pipeline, the East-West pipeline and the Yulin to Jinan pipeline pass through the province and are currently the source of natural gas supplied into Shanxi. The province has established the Shanxi Natural Gas Company to develop in the long term some 1700 km of distribution pipeline.

Shanxi Development and Reform Commission (DRC) report gas supplies are limited in the Province. If new gas resources became available, they would actively support the construction of pipeline infrastructure and if required, revise their current plans. They see gas use for local distribution, via new pipelines or the main trunk pipelines, CNG and as a chemical feedstock as the main end use options.

Domestic gas prices are expected to gradually align with imported LNG prices. China intends to reform natural gas prices towards a market guided system where fuel oil provides a benchmark for natural gas prices. Such trials are currently being conducted in two provinces that use CBM and LNG supplies.

In June-2013 the National Development and Reform Commission announced[4] that the average price of non-residential natural gas will rise 15% to 1.95 RMB per cubic meter in 10-July-2013. On 18 Nov 2015 they announced revised city gate prices of 1.95 RMB per cubic meter.

The 13th five year plan for the development and utilization of CMB provides support to grow CBM and other gas production in the Ordos Basin. The gas demand continues to be strong. The Ordos basin is one of three industrialized bases for the CBM industry.

The gas evaluated in this report is in coal measures and sandstones adjacent to the coal measures. Coals in the Linxing West are typically too deep to be productive for CBM so the focus is on the adjacent gas bearing sandstones. The coals are shallower in the east of Linxing East and may be productive. In China, gas bearing intervals adjacent to coal measures may be grouped with CBM and be developed through the CBM rules and Authorities. As such, the development may attract the current CBM subsidy.

In summary, RISC estimates a mid gas price based on the deep CBM pilot gas sales agreement with 37% uncertainty, and escalated at 3.75%.

4 China to Increase Natural Gas Prices for Non-Residential Use, Bloomberg News - Jun 28, 2012

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3.7. Development Schedule and Resource Classification

In 2015, SGE drilled 20 wells bringing the total in the Linxing and SanJiaoBei permits to over 110 wells including 2 horizontal wells and 13 shallow CBM wells in Linxing East.

Pilot gas production started in SanJiaoBei and Linxing West on 29[th] Nov 2014 with gas sold into the YuIin Jinan regional pipeline. The initial rates of up to 4 MMscf/d have been achieved through the SanJiaoBei gas station (1 compressor). The Linxing Gas Plant started in Sep-15 with rates up to 7 MMscf/d. Production through the two gas plants are expected to increase to the 25 MMscf/d capacity during 2016.

Most of the 2015 wells and well tests were drilled and tested to meet the Chinese Reserves Reporting requirements. The 2015 work program focuses on commissioning the Linxing gas plant, building up pilot production and preparing ODPs. The preliminary 2016 work programme includes significant activity including:

In Linxing:

  • 19 new deviated pilot wells in Linxing West

  • 12 exploration wells (Linxing East)

  • 62 well tests

  • A second Linxing West Gas Station

In SanJiaoBei:

  • 6 new deviated pilot wells in SanJiaoBei

  • 3 exploration wells

Activities sometimes partially slip into the following year if not fully completed in the year as planned.

There are a number of milestones required to develop the resources including:

  • Submission and approval of the Chinese Reserves Report

  • Development, submission and approval of the ODP

  • Confirmation of the funding and capability to develop the field

SGE is aware of and progressing the milestones required for full field development. RISC is not aware of any factors that would prevent these milestones from being achieved and reserves being developed within the 5 year reserve guideline. However, RISC has not seen detailed development plans or sanction for development. The development plans detailed in this report have been estimated by RISC but are in line with SGEs development concepts. As the development is modular and onshore there is no need to sanction the full development. Therefore sanction is likely to be phased on an annual basis.

The achievements to date and 2016 forward plans in Linxing and SanJiaoBei PSCs show the commitment and progress in developing the resource. SGE has confirmed that drilling the required wells to develop the reserves is consistent with their intentions. .

3.8. Pilot Production

The PSCs allow for pilot production and associated gas sales under the exploration phase prior to submitting the ODP and obtaining a production license. This allows for long term testing prior to the full investment decision. Gas flaring is generally not allowed so gas export and a market is required for significant pilot testing. Typically formal development is a progression of increased pilot testing once the ODP is submitted, rather than a key project milestone.

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Early efforts to conduct deeper CBM pilot testing using CNG facilities were not sustainable due to poor facility availability and reliability. However a sustainable gas market and GSA was agreed in 2014 with gas being sold into the YuJi regional pipeline.

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Figure 3-11 Deeper CBM Pilot Scheme

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SJB Gas Station Pilot Test Results:

Pilot testing of deep gas started in November 2014 with eleven SJB and LX wells tied into the SJB Gas station. Gas is exported to YuJi station and into the YuJi pipeline. Four additional wells were tied in in 2015. Figure 3-12 shows the pilot production from the SJB gas station.

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Figure 3-12 SJB Deeper CBM Pilot Production

  • Production has been limited by the SJB station compressor capacity of about 4 MMscf/d

  • Total gas production was 1.1 Bcf over the 9 months at an average rate of 3.7 MMscf/d

  • Due to surplus well productivity, production has been rotated amongst the 13 wells. Individual wells have produced between 0.01 and 0.20 Bcf

  • RISC is not aware of any wells issues stopping or significantly reducing production

  • SJB pilot testing stopped in Sept 2015, when the LXW pilot started due to disputes over gas sales payments

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The following 16 wells are available for SJB pilot production (developed producing reserves):

Table 3-8 SJB Pilot Wells and Completion Intervals

Ord. Well
name
Pad Development formation Development formation Development formation Development formation Development formation Top MD Bottom
MD
Gas & Poor
gas zones
thickness
TVD m
Log Poro
%
Fracking
stages
SQF Shihezi shanxi taiyuan benxi
1 TB-11 1671 1939
2 TB-12 1535 1768
3 TB-07 1620 1623
4 TB-08 1596 2078
5 TB-04 1526 1531
6 SJB6 1425 1829
7 LXW3-01 TC-11 1459 1824 18.9 9.64 3
8 LXW1-3 TC-11 1734 2197 17.4 9.27 4
9 LXW1-1 TC-11 1892 2018 13.9 9.38 3
10 LXW1-7 TC-7 1810 1977 12.9 9.40 3
11 LXW1-9 TC-7 1919 2085 2.0 11.60 2
12 LXW1-5 TC-7 1557 2111 37.0 9.19 7
13 LXW3-5 TC-2 1681 2144 10.9 9.66 4
14 LXW3-7 TC-2 1813 1973 21.97 9.04 4
15 LXW5-5 TC-2 2091 2297 13.4 8.3 4
16 LXW5-7 TC-2 1629 2072 12.4 9.4 4

Developed reserves have been estimated for the 16 wells hooked up to the SJB gas station, with production forecasts limited to the PSC expiry date.

LXW Gas Station Pilot Test Results:

Additional deep gas pilot testing started in Sept 2015 with 9 Linxing West wells tied into the LXW Gas station. Gas was exported to YuJi station and into the YuJi pipeline. Four additional wells were subsequently tied in. Figure 3-13 shows the pilot production from the LXW gas station.

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----- Start of picture text -----

Deep CBM Pilot Test: LXW Station
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
TB-26-1 TB-26-5 TB-26-4 TB-26 TB-23 TB-09 TB-03 TB-1H LXW5-4 LXW5-2 LXW3-4 LXW3-2 TB-26-6
Gas Rate (MMscf/d)
----- End of picture text -----

Figure 3-13 LXW Deeper CBM Pilot Production

  • Production has been limited by the LXW station compressor capacity of about 7 MMscf/d

  • Total gas production was 0.40 Bcf over the 3 months

  • Due to surplus well productivity, production has been rotated amongst the 13 wells.

  • Horizontal well TB-1H has produced 0.20 Bcf at rates of up to 5.5 MMscf/d

Production through the LXW gas plant is planned to increase to 17 MMscf/d during 2016. Production from SJB gas station is expected to resume and increase to 8 MMscf/d giving a total pilot production rate of 25 MMscf/d.

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The following 13 wells are available for LXW pilot production (developed producing reserves):

Table 3-9 LXW Pilot Wells and Completion Intervals

Well Target zones Target zones Target zones comment perforated or fracked
Formation Top (m) Bottom (m) Th (m)
TB-09 P3q5 1592.1 1599.0 6.9 Gas perforated
TB-03 P3q5 1589.1 1594.9 5.8 Gas perforated
TB-1H P1s1_Horiz 2320 3440 1120 Gas open hole fracked
TB-23 P1t 1933.1 1945.7 12.6 Gas fracked
TB-26 C2b 2059.3 2063.5 4.2 Gas perforated
C2b 2064.4 2066.4 2.0 Poor gas
TB26-1 C2b5 2028.3 2030.5 2.2 gas perforated
C2b5 2014.7 2016.9 2.2 poor gas perforated
2013.3 2014.7 1.4 gas perforated
P1s-2 1888 1890.4 2.4 gas perforated
P2x-he8 1806.6 1810.3 3.7 gas perforated
TB-26-4 C2b5 2147.2 2154.4 7.2 gas perforated
TB-26-5 P3q5 1622.6 1626.7 4.1 gas perforated
TB-26-6 P1t 2138.4 2141.7 3.3 gas perforated
LXW3-2 P1s-2 2037.8 2043 5.2 gas fracked
P1s-1 1988.8 1991.2 2.4 gas fracked
1987.2 1988.8 1.6 dry
P2x-he8 1970 1973.2 3.2 gas fracked
1967.2 1970 2.8 poor gas
P3q4 1526.4 1529.4 3 gas fracked
1524.4 1526.4 2 poor gas
LXW3-4 P1s-2 2114 2121.6 7.6 gas fracked
P2x-he8 2035.4 2038.6 3.2 poor gas fracked
2009.2 2012.4 3.2 gas
P2x-he7 1955.8 1958.6 2.8 gas fracked
1950.4 1951.4 1 poor gas
1947 1949.4 2.4 poor gas
P3q5 1647 1651 4 gas fracked
1642.6 1644.6 2 gas
LXW5-2 P1s-2 2091.6 2104.4 12.8 gas perforated
P2x-he8 1962 1966.2 4.2 gas perforated
P2x-he7 1923 1925 2 poor gas perforated
P2x-he7 1903.4 1906.4 3 poor gas perforated
P3q5 1632 1640.4 8.4 gas perforated
LXW5-4 C2b5 2095.6 2098.8 3.2 poor gas perforated

Developed reserves have been estimated for the 13 wells hooked up to the LXW gas station, with production forecasts limited to the PSC expiry date.

The shallow CBM in Linxing East has been de-watering and producing gas since late 2012. However gas production volumes have been less than 50 Mscf/d and too small to sell (despite a signed GSA) so the gas has been flared.

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4. SanJiaoBei PSC

4.1. Introduction and PSC Terms

The 35-year SanJiaoBei PSC consists of a number of exploration phases totalling 5 years (unless extended) followed, if successful, by a 30 year development period. The exploration period should include pilot developments of any discoveries prior to submitting an ODP (Overall Development Program). If there is not sufficient time to complete the approved pilot development, the exploration period can be extended. The development period will commence with approval of the ODP and its length will be specified in the approved ODP. If gas sales or gas transportation contracts are not available the exploration period can be extended or suspended for a limited period.

From a brief review, the PSC appears to be a standard PSC with the following key terms:

  • Exploration expenditure is totally for the contractor and non-recoverable if unsuccessful.

  • The Government Partner (CNPC or China National Petroleum Corporation) has the right to 51% interest in SanJiaoBei development and pay their corresponding share of development costs. PCCBM operate on behalf of CNPC.

  • Value added tax and royalty is paid from Annual Gross Production.

  • 85% of production is available for cost recovery to recover Opex, Exploration Expenditure, Development Capex and interest.

Once exploration and development costs have been recovered, surplus cost recovery production is added to the “remainder CBM and liquid hydrocarbon production”.

The remainder production is shared by the parties in proportion to their respective participating interests. However, the allocated remainder reduces with production rate from 100% when production is less than 800 million m[3] /d to 90% of production over 5000 million m[3] /d.

Various exploration right user fees, mining right user fees and CNPC/PCCBM support costs must be paid.

PSC terms for SanJiaoBei are illustrated in Figure 4-1:

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Figure 4-1: SanJiaoBei PSC Terms

SGE has advised that:

  • the income tax rate applicable to this project is 25%

  • VAT at the rate of 13% is embedded in the gas price and is rebatable

  • Regional taxes assessed at 10% of the VAT amount are also payable – the impact of these is relatively minor and they are not included in the economic modelling.

The original exploration period for the SanJiaoBei PSC (5 years) has been extended 3 times to August 2015. As part of the extension SGE and PetroChina Coal Bed Methane Company (PCCBM), the subsidiary of CNPC, have developed a mutually agreed work program to move the project towards the preparation of the Chinese Reserves Report covering the SanJiaoBei area and the overall development plan (ODP).

The PSC expires after 35 years in 2033 although extension may be possible.

4.2. Gas Initially In Place Estimates

The total resource area is constrained by the PSC boundaries.

RISC has reviewed SanJiaoBei and estimated a discovered area defined by seismic and wells and a prospective area where seismic and well control is limited. Resources in the discovered area are

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classified as contingent resources or reserves. Resources in the prospective area are classified as prospective resources. The areas are shown in Figure 4-2 and Table 4-1.

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Figure 4-2 SanJiaoBei permit – Resource Areas

Table 4-1 SanJiaoBei permit – Deep CBM Resource Areas

Deep CBM Resour **ce Areas (km2) **
Region Discovered Prospective
SanJiaoBei 370 595

The northwest of SanJiaoBei has adequate wells and well test coverage to classify as discovered and gas productive.

The central area is supported by seismic mapping. Gas saturations in the limited number of wells carry significant uncertainty and the wells have not yet been tested to confirm the presence of producible gas. The area is therefore classified as prospective.

The sandstone in wells east of the regional fault (SJB-21) are interpreted as water bearing. Therefore, no deep CBM resources are interpreted. However, the coals are shallower east of the fault and may have some shallow CBM potential.

RISC has estimated gas initially in-place (GIIP) for all formations probabilistically using the areas in Table 4-1 and reservoir parameters in Table 3-3, Table 3-5 and Table 3-6. The resulting range of GIIP by formation is shown in Table 4-2. The arithmetic range is provided for reference. However, the probabilistic range represents the independent nature of the different formations more realistically.

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Table 4-2 SanJiaoBei - Gas Initially In-place by Formation

Discovered GIIP (Bcf)
Formation P90 P50 P10
Shiqianfeng (Total) 416 529 664
SQF 1 14.5 25.5 42
SQF 2 108 168 251
SQF 3 57.9 95.1 148
SQF 4 101 172 269
SQF 5 27.3 52.3 88.1
Shihezi 794 1237 1832
He8 151 238 360
Shanxi 708 1073 1564
Taiyuan / Benxi 348 540 804
Arithmetic (Total) 2310 3601 5358
Probabilistic (Total) 3031 3685 4489
Prospective GIIP (Bcf)
Formation P90 P50 P10
Shiqianfeng (Total) 547 704 900
SQF 1 21.6 38.1 63
SQF 2 136 214 322
SQF 3 49.1 83.5 134
SQF 4 162 277 433
SQF 5 37.7 72.2 122
Shihezi 708 1110 1659
He8 81.1 131 203
Shanxi 694 1055 1539
Taiyuan / Benxi 723 1119 1659
Arithmetic (Total) 2613 4100 6134
Probabilistic (Total) 3468 4219 5111

4.2.1. Productive and Developable GIIP

Gas-bearing reservoir quality sand (pay) has been identified in five formations. However, pay does not exist in all formations in every well and the amount and quality of pay in certain intervals may not justify fracture stimulation and development of all pay in every well. Therefore, only a proportion of the GIIP is expected to be completed and developed to production.

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As with all tight gas sand developments, permeability is a key uncertainty and although sands with less than 4% porosity are excluded from pay, the permeability or thickness of some pay intervals may still not be adequate to justify stimulation and achieve stabilised gas production. RISC has estimated the P90, P50 and P10 proportion of productive GIIP from each formation in each well by applying a porosity cut-off of 9%, 7% and 5% to the petrophysical interpretation of each well. The high cut-off of 9% is based on successful well test that have generally included a section with porosities above 9%. The low cut-off of 5% is greater than the 4% used to define net pay to allow for some intervals being too thin to justify individual stimulation and completion. The proportion of GIIP above the different cut-offs in all Linxing and SanJiaoBei wells is used as the P90, P50 and P10 percentage of productive GIIP - Table 4-3.

Table 4-3 Proportion of Productive GIIP per Formation

SQF SQF SQF SQF SQF Shihezi He8 Shanxi Taiyuan Total Prod
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 GIIP well
P90
P50
P10
38%
53%
87%
46%
73%
94%
64%
79%
95%
77%
90%
100%
83%
92%
100%
73%
85%
97%
48%
74%
91%
62%
84%
98%
59%
81%
99%
64%
82%
97%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%

Explaining the table above:

  • 38% of the GIIP in SQF Q1 pay has porosity greater than 9% and is considered proved to be producible.

  • 53% of the GIIP in SQF Q1 pay in all wells has a porosity greater than 7% and is considered most likely producible

  • 87% of the GIIP in SQF Q1 pay in all wells has a porosity greater than 5% and is considered possibly producible

  • Combining the P90 probabilities with the P90 GIIP gives a total P90 producible GIIP which is 64% of the total P90 GIIP.

  • 82% of the P50 GIIP is productive.

The probability of a well finding productive GIIP in at least one formation is effectively (marginally below) 100% for the P90, P50 and P10 realisation.

4.3. Development Plan and Production Forecast

RISC has built P90, P50 and P10 single well simulation models for each formation and used these to optimise the well spacing and develop typecurves for production forecasting. Production forecasts are based on the following assumptions:

  • The deeper formations are developed using vertical fracced wells at 130 acre spacing

  • The SQF formation is developed using vertical fracced wells at 390 acre spacing

  • 1 in 3 of the deeper wells includes an SQF completion

  • 80% of the discovered and prospective area is accessible. The remaining 20% cannot be developed due to land access (terrain, villages, farms, etc.)

  • 5% of wells prove to be no productive due to mechanical or reservoir issues.

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  • Initially 10 drilling rigs are used with a capability to drill a maximum of 120 wells per year, based on all-year drilling; 27 days per well excluding rig move.

The 370 km[2 ] discovered area containing reserves and contingent resources is estimated to be developed using 534 productive wells and parameters given in Table 4-4.

Table 4-4 Development Parameters – Discovered Area

SJB Discovered SJB Discovered Area Resource Area Resource Area Resource
Prob GIIP
Bcf
Productive
GIIP
Area
km2
Prod GIIP
bcf/km2
EconomicDev Area Total
Wells
ProductiveWells Developable
GIIPbcf
% km2 % Wells
P90
3031
P50
3685
P10
4489
1950
370
5.27
3040
370
8.22
4359
370
11.78
80%
296
562
95%
534
1481
80%
296
562
95%
534
2309
80%
296
562
95%
534
3311

The single well typecurves have been generated and combined to generate the full field production forecasts as shown in Figure 4-3.

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----- Start of picture text -----

400 P10 Discovered 2400
P50 Discovered
350 2100
P90 Discovered
300 1800
250 1500
200 1200
150 900
100 600
50 300
0 0
2017 2021 2025 2029 2033 2037 2041 2045
Year
Cumulative Gas (Bcf)
Annual Averageg Gas Rate (MMscf/d)
----- End of picture text -----

Figure 4-3 SanJiaoBei Discovered Area P90, P50, P10 Production Forecasts

Development drilling is initially limited to 10 SanJiaoBei drilling rigs (120 well /year) so plateau occurs in year three of production. The plateau rate has been selected to give 10 years ramp-up plus plateau.

Production forecasts and economics are based on 50 year field life to 2066, although for clarity production graphs are limited to 2044.

4.4. SanJiaoBei Resources

Existing SanJiaoBei wells are producing and additional wells are planned to be put onto production as part of the pilot program, prior to submitting the Chinese Reserves Report, ODP and obtaining the production license. Gas produced from these wells is sold through the approved and future gas sales agreements. Therefore gas production from the planned pilot program is classified as developed reserves.

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RISC has assigned reserves to the existing wells and the two adjacent well spacings within the discovered area. 1P, 2P and 3P reserves are based on the geological and well performance uncertainty within that area.

The ultimate size of the development will depend upon pilot, further drilling and early production results. RISC classifies the remaining resources in the larger discovery area as contingent resources.

Resources in the prospective area need to be confirmed with exploration wells and are classified as prospective resources with a geological possibility of success.

4.4.1. 1P and 2P Reserves

28 wells have been drilled in the discovered area of SanJiaoBei and are available for future production. Resources in these wells and the surrounding 2 well spacings are classified as reserves. The reserve area is 268 km[2] of the 370 km[2] discovered area. Production forecasts for the reserves area were generated using the same methodology discussed in section 4.3 but limited to the reserve area. Reserves are also limited to production up to the PSC expiry date. SanJiaoBei Reserves are shown in Table 4-5

Table 4-5: SanJiaoBei 1P and 2P Reserves

Gas Reserves (bcf)YE2015 Full Field MIE Entitlement MIE Entitlement
1P 2P 1P 2P
Developed Reserves 3 5 0.8 1.2
Undeveloped Reserves 573 904 151 230
Total Reserves 580 909 152 231

4.4.2. Possible Reserves

Upside reservoir performance and the resulting possible reserves have been estimated and shown in Table 4-6.

Table 4-6: SanJiaoBei Possible Reserves

Possible Gas Reserves (bcf)
YE2015
Full Field MIE Entitlement
Possible Reserves Possible Reserves
Developed Reserves 2 0.5
Undeveloped Reserves 353 83
Total Reserves 355 84

Possible reserves are incremental to the 2P reserves in Table 4-5.

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4.4.3. Contingent Resources

SanJiaoBei Contingent Resources are shown in Table 4-7. Contingent resources are the production shown in Figure 4-3 less resources assigned as reserves, and include post PSC expiry production.

Table 4-7: SanJiaoBei Contingent Resources

Gas Resource (bcf)
YE2015
Full Field Full Field MIE Entitlement MIE Entitlement
1C 2C 3C 1C 2C 3C
Contingent Resource 510 794 1127 126 195 274

SanJiaoBei contingent resources are estimated to have 90% probability of development.

4.4.4. Prospective Resources

SanJiaoBei Prospective Resources are shown in Table 4-8.

Table 4-8: SanJiaoBei Prospective Resources

Gas Resource (bcf)
YE2015
Full Field Full Field MIE Entitlement MIE Entitlement
low best high low best high
Prospective Resource 1250 1972 2785 298 460 641

Production forecasts and resource volumes for the prospective area were generated using the same methodology discussed in section 4.3 using the prospective resource area and prospective resource typecurves. The prospective resource typecurves use lower net pay and GIIP density due a lower proportion of gas bearing reservoir incorporated using the lower hydrocarbon net to gross.

SanJiaoBei prospective resources are estimated to have 54% probability of discovery and development.

4.5. SanJiaoBei Economics

4.5.1. Probability of Development and Discovery

Development of the full contingent resource depends upon successful Chinese reserve certification, approval of the Overall Development Plan, supporting results from the pilot test, stakeholder approval and funding for the development. RISC estimated the probability of development to be 90%.

Discovery of prospective resources carries an increase geological probability of occurrence, estimated to be 60%. The probability of development of the prospective resources is the geological risk times the development risk; namely 54% (60% x 90%).

If development does not proceed there is a potential negative outcome due to the cost of progressing the evaluation prior to a negative development decision.

The Contingent and Prospective Resources assessed in this report have not been adjusted for these probabilities and are therefore unrisked values.

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4.5.2. Economic Analysis

Discounted Cashflow Analysis has been conducted on the SanJiaoBei PSC to calculate MIE entitlement to cost and profit gas and project NPVs. Economic assumptions include:

  • USD cost inflation 2.5% pa,

  • RMB/USD exchange rate of 6.45 current and in the future,

  • Recoverable exploration and appraisal expenditure of US$105 million in SJB as of Dec 2015.

NPV has been calculated at 1/1/2016 using 10% real discount rate. The sunk cost prior to 2016 has been accounted for in the economic model. The terms used in the analysis are those outlined in the economic section above, with the assumption that the latest information supplied to RISC is current.

Pilot test production is small and not included in the economic analysis. Full field development and production is assumed from 2017.

Economic results from developing 1P and 2P reserves are summarized in Table 4-9. SGE share is the contractor share of which MIE are entitled to 51%.

Table 4-9: SanJiaoBei Reserves Economics

Project NPV10 ($MM) 1P 2P
SGE Share $567 $994
MIE Share $289 $507

The effect of key uncertainties on the NPV of MIE 2P reserves are shown in Figure 4-4.

SanJiaoBei Reserves Development

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----- Start of picture text -----

Gas Resource P90 P50 P10
Gas Price (RMB/m3) 1.19 2.23
PSC Limit PSC Extension
Capex +47% -25%
Start-up + 1 yr
Opex +25% -25%
200 300 400 500 600 700 800
NPV10 (US$MM, MIE share)
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Figure 4-4: Economic Sensitivities –SanJiaoBei Reserves Development

Points of note are:

  • The gas resource or volume of developable GIIP is the largest economic uncertainty, closely followed by gas price uncertainty.

  • Economics is more sensitive to development Capex than Opex. The downside Capex combines cost uncertainty +25% and not achieving the expected 15% Capex reduction with experience.

  • Potential extension the 35 year PSC beyond expiry in 2033 has a significant upside.

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  • In the start-up sensitivity only production (not costs) were adjusted to simulate delayed production or gas sales.

Economic analysis shows the project to be robust (NPV10 positive) across all realisations although there is a wide range in field performance and resulting NPV.

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5. Linxing PSC

5.1. Introduction and PSC Terms

The Linxing 30-year PSC consists of a number of exploration phases totalling 5 years (unless extended) followed, if successful, by a development period. The exploration period should include pilot developments of any discoveries prior to submitting an ODP (Overall Development Program). If there is not sufficient time to complete the approved pilot development, the exploration period can be extended. The development period will commence with approval of the ODP and its length will be specified in the approved ODP. If gas sales or gas transportation contracts are not available the exploration period can be extended or suspended for a limited period.

From a brief review, the PSC appears to be a standard PSC with the following key terms:

  • Exploration expenditure is totally for the contractor and non-recoverable if unsuccessful.

  • The Government Partner (CUCBM) has the right to 30% interest in Linxing development and pay their corresponding share of development costs.

  • Value added tax and royalty is paid from Annual Gross Production.

  • 85% of production is available for cost recovery to recover Opex, Exploration Expenditure, Development Capex and interest.

  • Once exploration and development costs have been recovered, surplus cost recovery production is added to the “remainder CBM and liquid hydrocarbon production”.

  • The remainder production is shared by the parties in proportion to their respective participating interests. However the allocated remainder reduces with production rate from 100% when production is less than 800 million m3/d to 90% of production over 5000 million m3/d.

  • Various exploration right user fees, mining right user fees and CUCBM support costs must be paid.

PSC terms for Linxing are illustrated below.

CBM Energy Associates L.C. has an option (granted originally by Chevron) to buy-back 5.25% of the contractor interest by paying 7.5% of historical costs and expenses. RISC assumes that this option is exercised in calculating SGE economics.

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----- Start of picture text -----

Linxing Block Production Sharing Contract
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Figure 5-1: Linxing PSC Terms

SGE has advised that:

  • the income tax rate applicable to this project is 25%

  • VAT at the rate of 13% is embedded in the gas price and is rebatable

  • Regional taxes assessed at 10% of the VAT amount are also payable – the impact of these is relatively minor and they are not included in the economic modelling.

The original exploration phase (5 year) has been extended 7 times and will currently expire end August 2016. Subsequently a further extension or an ODP (Overall Development Program) application would be required. It is likely that SGE will apply an ODP at before this.

Table 5-1: PSC Extensions and Expiry Dates

PSC Awarded Extension Expiry
Linxing 29/06/1998 6 31/08/2013
Linxing 29/06/1998 7 31/08/2016

The PSC has a minimum spend of 10,000 RMB per square km per year.

The PSC expires after 30 years in 2028 although extension may be possible.

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5.2. Gas Initially In Place Estimates

The total resource area is constrained by the PSC boundaries which were revised when the PSC exploration phase extension was granted. The relinquished area divides the PSC into east and west sub-blocks.

RISC has reviewed Linxing PSC and estimated a discovered deep gas area defined by seismic, wells and well tests and a prospective area where seismic and well control is limited. Resources in the discovered area are classified as contingent resources or reserves. Resources in the prospective area are classified as prospective resources. The areas are shown in Figure 5-2 and Table 5-2.

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Figure 5-2 Linxing permit – Resource Areas

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Table 5-2 Linxing permit – Deep Gas Resource Areas

**Linxing permit – Deep CBM Resource Areas (km2) ** **Linxing permit – Deep CBM Resource Areas (km2) ** **Linxing permit – Deep CBM Resource Areas (km2) **
Region Discovered Prospective
LX West 573 -
LX East 40 294

The Linxing West area has adequate wells and well test coverage to classify the complete area as discovered and gas productive.

The Linxing East resource area is divided into a deeper gas area to the west of a major fault and a shallow CBM area east of the fault. The deeper area is largely prospective; it is supported by seismic mapping but lacks well control and well tests to confirm the presence of producible gas. A well test in LXDG01 produced gas and water but not at measured stabilised rates. Well LXDG02 produced gas at sub-economic rates.

However in 2015 wells drilled in the south of Linxing East (LXDG-03, 4 and 5) produced at economic gas rates. Therefore RISC has assigned a 40 km[2] area around these wells as discovered.

RISC has estimated deep gas initially in-place (GIIP) for all formations probabilistically using the areas in Table 5-2 and reservoir parameters in Table 3-3, Table 3-5 and Table 3-6. The resulting range of GIIP by formation is shown in Table 5-3. The arithmetic range is provided for reference. However, the probabilistic range represents the independent nature of the different formations more realistically.

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Table 5-3 Linxing - Gas Initially In-place by Formation

Discovered GIIP (Bcf)
Formation P90 P50 P10
Shiqianfeng (Total) 689 875 1102
SQF 1 24 42 70
SQF 2 179 279 415
SQF 3 96 158 244
SQF 4 167 285 446
SQF 5 45 87 146
Shihezi 1316 2049 3035
He8 250 395 596
Shanxi 1173 1778 2592
Taiyuan / Benxi 576 895 1332
Arithmetic (Total) 3826 5968 8876
Probabilistic (Total) 5022 6105 7438
Prospective GIIP (Bcf)
Formation P90 P50 P10
Shiqianfeng (Total) 270 348 445
SQF 1 11 19 31
SQF 2 67 106 159
SQF 3 24 41 66
SQF 4 80 137 214
SQF 5 19 36 60
Shihezi 350 548 820
He8 40 65 100
Shanxi 343 521 760
Taiyuan / Benxi 357 553 820
Arithmetic (Total) 1291 2026 3031
Probabilistic (Total) 1712 2079 2519

As with SanJiaoBei the proportion of productive GIIP in Linxing has been estimated using the parameters in Table 4-3.

Linxing East also contains CBM resource to the east of the major fault where the formations and coal measures are significantly shallower. These are discussed in section 5.5.

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5.3. Deep Gas Development Plan and Production Forecast

As for SanJiaoBei PSC, P90, P50 and P10 single well simulation models have been used these to optimise the well spacing, develop typecurves for production forecasts for Linxing. The same development assumptions are using in Linxing as SanJiaoBei:

  • The deeper formations are developed using vertical fracced wells at 130 acre spacing

  • The SQF formation is developed using vertical fracced wells at 390 acre spacing

  • 1 in 3 of the deeper wells includes an SQF completion

  • 80% of the discovered and prospective area is accessible. The remaining 20% cannot be developed due to land access (terrain, villages, farms, etc.)

  • 5% of wells prove to be no productive due to mechanical or reservoir issues.

  • Initially 10 drilling rigs are used with a capability to drill a maximum of 120 wells per year, based on all-year drilling; 27 days per well excluding rig move.

The 613 km[2 ] discovered area containing reserves and contingent resources is estimated to be developed using 885 productive wells and parameters given in Table 5-4.

Table 5-4 Development Parameters – Discovered Area

Table 5-4 Development Table 5-4 Development Table 5-4 Development Table 5-4 Development Table 5-4 Development Parameters – Discovered Area Parameters – Discovered Area Parameters – Discovered Area Parameters – Discovered Area Parameters – Discovered Area
Linxing Discovered Area Resource
Prob GIIP
Bcf
Productive
GIIP
Area
km2
Prod GIIP
bcf/km2
EconomicDev Area Total
Wells
Productive Wells
%
Wells
Developable
GIIPbcf
% km2
P90
5022
P50
6105
P10
7438
3231
613
5.27
5036
613
8.21
7223
613
11.78
80%
80%
80%
490
932
95.0%
885
2455
490
932
95.0%
885
3826
490
932
95.0%
885
5488

The single well typecurves have been combined to generate the full field production forecasts as shown in Figure 5-3.

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----- Start of picture text -----

700 3500
P10 Discovered
P50 Discovered
600 3000
P90 Discovered
500 2500
400 2000
300 1500
200 1000
100 500
0 0
2017 2021 2025 2029 2033 2037 2041 2045
Year
Cumulative Gas (Bcf)
Annual Averageg Gas Rate (MMscf/d)
----- End of picture text -----

Figure 5-3 Linxing Discovered Area P90, P50, P10 Production Forecasts

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Development drilling is initially limited to 10 Linxing drilling rigs (120 well /year) so plateau occurs in year four or five of production. The plateau rate has been selected to give 10 years ramp-up plus plateau.

Production forecasts and economics are based on 50 year field life to 2067, although for clarity production graphs are limited to 2045.

5.4. Linxing Deep Gas Resources

Existing Linxing wells are producing and additional wells are planned to be put onto production as part of the pilot program, prior to submitting the Chinese Reserves Report, ODP and obtaining the production license. Gas produced from these wells is sold through the approved and future gas sales agreements. Therefore gas production from the planned pilot program is classified as developed reserves.

RISC estimates the risk of no development progressing as negligible. RISC has assigned reserves to the existing wells and the two adjacent well spacings within the discovered area. 1P, 2P and 3P reserves are based on the geological and well performance uncertainty within that area.

The ultimate size of the development will depend upon pilot, further drilling and early production results. RISC classifies the remaining resources in the larger discovery area as contingent resources.

Resources in the prospective area need to be confirmed with exploration wells and are classified as prospective resources with a geological possibility of success.

5.4.1. Reserves

56 wells have been drilled in the discovered area of Linxing and are available for future production. Resources in these wells and the surrounding 2 well spacings are classified as reserves. The reserve area is 327 km[2] of the 613 km[2] discovered area and requires 523 development wells. Production forecasts for the reserves area were generated using the same methodology discussed in section 5.3, but limited to the reserve area. Reserves are also limited to production up to the PSC expiry date. Linxing Deep Reserves are shown in Table 5-5:

Table 5-5: Linxing Deep Gas 1P and 2P Reserves

Gas Reserves (bcf)
YE2015
Full Field Full Field MIE Entitlement MIE Entitlement
1P 2P 1P 2P
Developed Reserves
Undeveloped Reserves
29 47 9.7 15.3
641 1006 215 328
Total Reserves 670 1053 225 343

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5.4.2. Possible Reserves

Upside reservoir performance and the resulting possible reserves have been estimated in Table 5-6.

Table 5-6: Linxing Deep Gas Possible Reserves

Possible Gas Reserves (bcf)
YE2015
Developed Reserves
Undeveloped Reserves
Total Reserves
Full Field MIE Entitlement
Possible Reserves Possible Reserves
18
388
5.6
117
406 123

Possible reserves are incremental to the 2P reserves in Table 5-5.

5.4.3. Contingent Resources

Linxing Deep Contingent Resources are shown in Table 5-7. Contingent resources are the production shown in Figure 4-3 less resources assigned as reserves, and include post PSC expiry production.

Table 5-7: Linxing Deep Contingent Resources

Gas Resource (bcf)
YE2015
Full Field MIE Entitlement MIE Entitlement
1C 2C 3C 1C 2C 3C
Contingent Resource 1133 1764 2499 367 564 790

Linxing deep contingent resources are estimated to have 90% probability of development.

5.4.4. Prospective Resources

Production forecasts and resource volumes for the prospective area were generated using the same methodology discussed in section 5.3 using the prospective resource area and prospective resource typecurves. The prospective resource typecurves use lower net pay and GIIP density due a lower proportion of gas bearing reservoir incorporated using the lower hydrocarbon net to gross.

Linxing Deep Prospective Resources are shown in Table 5-8:

Table 5-8: Linxing Deep Prospective Resources

Gas Resource (bcf)
YE2015
Full Field MIE Entitlement MIE Entitlement
low best high low best high
Prospective Resource 620 982 1382 196 302 419

Linxing deep prospective resources are estimated to have 67.5% probability of discovery and development.

5.5. Linxing East Shallow CBM Resources

The shallow CBM resource area is confined to the north-eastern quadrant of the Linxing East PSC (Figure 5-2). Structurally, Linxing East is divided by an N-S trending fault with significant throw which separates the shallow CBM play on the eastern up thrown side from the western deep CBM play (Figure 3-2).

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Eleven CBM exploration wells have been drilled in the Linxing East Shallow CBM area (LXSG-1 to LXSG11). The primary CBM targets are the Shanxi 4/5 coal seam and the Taiyan 8/9 coal seams. The well sections are stratigraphically datumed on the 8/9 seam and show that there are several thinner seams and plies present within the Shanxi and Taiyuan Coal Measures sequence which will add to the total resource volume. For this analysis, RISC has estimated volumes for the Shanxi 4/5 seam and Taiyuan 8/9 seams only, as these two seams account for the majority of the resource and are the seams that are most likely to be developed.

RISC has calculated resource volumes within the seismically mapped area, east of the fault. This area is 265 km[2] and is a small subset of the entire Linxing East PSC. RISC reviewed the sensitivity of net coal thickness to density log cut off within Petrel by applying density cut off values from 1.70 g/cc to 2.20 g/cc. The net coal thickness using a base case density cut-off (1.85 g/cc) varies from 5.5 to 13.7m in the 11 wells with an average of 10.0m.

Isotherms curves measured in the laboratory on coal samples for all LXSG wells show maximum gas content of 6 to 16 m[3] /tonne. Desorption data indicates limited gas saturation with gas contents of 3 to 8 m3/tonne, which is lower than regional analogues (13 m3/tonne). The gas is 95% to 97% methane.

Gas production has been achieved in five out of the six pilot wells, although the gas rates achieved to date are too low for economic development; average 1200 m[3] /d (44 Mscf/d). The rapid dewatering and early gas production indicated that gas saturations are higher than the measured desorption values. RISC has modelled the pilot well production and estimate that de-watering is continuing and gas rates may increase with further de-watering. RISC estimate a gas recovery per vertical CBM well of between 0.2 and 0.76 Bcf/well, with a mid case of 0.5 Bcf/well. The low case is based on current pilot well flow rates. Table 5-9 shows RISC’s estimate of the shallow CBM GIIP and contingent resources.

Table 5-9 Linxing East shallow CBM GIIP and Contingent Resources, at 31 December 2015

Parameter Realisation
P90 P50 P10
Area
km2
GIIP (4/5 + 8/9 coals)
Bcf
Dev Area
km2
Well failure factor
Drainage area per well
Km2
Development Wells
UR/well
Bcf
Contingent Resource
Bcf
265
546
212
17%
0.32
545
0.2
109
265
910
212
17%
0.32
545
0.5
273
265
1,274
212
17%
0.32
545
0.76
431

Development would require 545 vertical, stimulated wells drilled at 80 acre (0.32 km[2] ) spacing. The development may be optimised using horizontal or multi-lateral wells at wider spacing although the total gas resource is estimated to be similar.

The low, mid and high case create a gas revenue of US$1.4, 3.6 and 5.4 million per well at the base case gas price. By examination, the low case would be sub-economic and the mid case marginal. Further pilot testing is required to confirm a viable economic development project. Therefore, the

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resources are classified as contingent resources until an economic development and firm development plan is demonstrated. Linxing East Shallow CBM Contingent Resources are shown in Table 5-10:

Table 5-10: Linxing East Shallow CBM Resources

Gas Resource (bcf) Full Field MIE Entitlement MIE Entitlement MIE Entitlement
YE2015 1C 2C 3C 1C 2C 3C
Contingent Resource 109 273 431 36 88 137

SGE are investigating ways to reduce shallow CBM development costs and/or improve well productivity.

Linxing shallow contingent resources are estimated to have 50% probability of development.

5.6. Linxing Economic Analysis

5.6.1. Deep CBM Development

5.6.1.1. Probability of Development and Discovery

Development of the full contingent resource depends upon successful Chinese reserve certification, approval of the Overall Development Plan, supporting results from the pilot test, stakeholder approval and funding for the development. RISC estimated the probability of development to be 90% in the year-end 2013 assessment. Since then new wells support the previous analysis so RISC has maintain the estimated probability of development at 90%.

Discovery of prospective resources carries an increase geological probability of occurrence, estimated to be 75% and unchanged since the end 2013 assessment. The probability of development of the prospective resources is the geological risk times the development risk; namely 67.5% (75% x 90%).

If development does not proceed there is a potential negative outcome due to the cost of progressing the evaluation prior to a negative development decision.

The Contingent and Prospective Resources assessed in this report have not been adjusted for these probabilities and are therefore unrisked values.

5.6.1.2. Economics

Discounted Cashflow Analysis has been conducted on the Linxing PSC to calculate MIE entitlement to cost and profit gas and project NPVs. Economic assumptions include:

  • USD cost inflation 2.5% pa,

  • RMB/USD exchange rate of 6.45 current and in the future,

  • Recoverable exploration and appraisal expenditure of US$195 million in Linxing PSC as of Dec 2015.

NPV calculated is at 1/1/2016 using 10% real discount rate. The sunk cost prior to 2016 has been accounted for in the economic model. The terms used in the analysis are those outlined in the economic section above, with the assumption that the latest information supplied to RISC is current.

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Pilot test production is small and not included in the economic analysis. Full field development and production is assumed from 2017.

Economic results from developing 1P and 2P reserves are summarized in of which MIE holds 51%.

Table 5-11. SGE has 100% of the contractor’s entitlement of which MIE holds 51%.

Table 5-11: Linxing Reserves Economics

Project NPV10 ($MM) 1P 2P
SGE Share $926 $1,627
MIE Share $472 $830

The effect of key uncertainties on the NPV of MIE 2P reserves are shown in Figure 5-4.

Linxing Reserves Development

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----- Start of picture text -----

Gas Resource P90 P50 P10
Gas Price (RMB/m3) 1.19 2.23
PSC Limit PSC Extension
Capex +47% -25%
Start-up + 1 yr
Opex +25% -25%
400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
NPV10 (US$MM, MIE share)
----- End of picture text -----

Figure 5-4: Economic Sensitivities – Linxing Reserves Development

Points of note are:

  • The gas resource or volume of developable GIIP is the largest economic uncertainty, closely followed by gas price uncertainty

  • Economics is more sensitive to development Capex than Opex. The downside Capex combines cost uncertainty +25% and not achieving the expected 15% Capex reduction with experience

  • Extending the 30 year PSC beyond expiry in 2028 has upside value

  • In the start-up sensitivity only production (not costs) were adjusted to simulate delayed production or gas sales

Economic analysis shows the project to be robust (NPV10 positive) across all realisations although there is a wide range in field performance and resulting NPV.

5.6.2. Shallow CBM Development

By examination the low or 1C contingent resource estimate is sub-economic as the 0.2 Bcf recovery per well represents an undiscounted gas revenue of $1.4 MM per well, which would not cover the cost

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of the well, stimulation and hook-up. The 2C case creates a gas revenue of US$3.6 million per well and is expected to be economically marginal. The high or 3C case creates a gas revenue of US$5.4 million per well will be economically attractive. Further pilot testing is required to reduce uncertainty, confirm the base case economics and economic robustness. The shallow CBM resources are sub-economic and hence contingent.

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6. List of terms

The following lists, along with a brief definition, abbreviated terms that are commonly used in the oil and gas industry and which may be used in this report.

Term Definition
1P Equivalent to Proved reserves or Proved in-place quantities, depending on the context.
1Q 1st Quarter
2P The sum of Proved and Probable reserves or in-place quantities, depending on the context.
2Q 2nd Quarter
2D Two Dimensional
3D Three Dimensional
4D Four Dimensional – time lapsed 3D in relation to seismic
3P The sum of Proved, Probable and Possible Reserves or in-place quantities, depending on the context.
3Q 3rd Quarter
4Q 4th Quarter
AFE Authority for Expenditure
Bbl US Barrel
BBL/D US Barrels per day
BCF Billion (109) cubic feet
BCM Billion (109) cubic meters
BFPD Barrels of fluid per day
BOPD Barrels of oil per day
BTU British Thermal Units
BOEPD US barrels of oil equivalent per day
BWPD Barrels of water per day
°C Degrees Celsius
Capex Capital expenditure
CAPM Capital asset pricing model
CGR Condensate Gas Ratio – usually expressed as bbl/MMscf
Contingent
Resources
Those quantities of petroleum estimated, as of a given date, to be potentially recoverable from known
accumulations by application of development projects but which are not currently considered to be
commercially recoverable due to one or more contingencies. Contingent Resources are a class of
discovered recoverable resources as defined in the SPE-PRMS.
CO2 Carbon dioxide
CP Centipoise (measure of viscosity)
CPI Consumer Price Index
DEG Degrees
DHI Direct hydrocarbon indicator
Discount Rate The interest rate used to discount future cash flows into a dollars of a reference date
DST Drill stem test
E&P Exploration and Production
EG Gas expansion factor. Gas volume at standard (surface) conditions/gas volume at reservoir conditions
(pressure and temperature)

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Term Definition
EIA US Energy Information Administration
EMV Expected Monetary Value
EOR Enhanced Oil Recovery
ESP Electric submersible pump
EUR Economic ultimate recovery
Expectation The mean of a probability distribution
F Degrees Fahrenheit
FDP Field Development Plan
FEED Front End Engineering and design
FID Final investment decision
FM Formation
FPSO Floating Production Storage and offtake unit
FWL Free Water Level
FVF Formation volume factor
GIIP Gas Initially In Place
GJ Giga (109) joules
GOC Gas-oil contact
GOR Gas oil ratio
GRV Gross rock volume
GSA Gas sales agreement
GTL Gas To Liquid(s)
GWC Gas water contact
H2S Hydrogen sulphide
HHV Higher heating value
ID Internal diameter
IRR Internal Rate of Return is the discount rate that results in the NPV being equal to zero.
JV(P) Joint Venture (Partners)
Kh Horizontal permeability
km2 Square kilometres
Krw Relative permeability to water
Kv Vertical permeability
kPa Kilo (thousand) Pascals (measurement of pressure)
LIBOR London inter-bank offered rate
LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
LTBR Long-Term Bond Rate
m Metres
mbgl Metres below ground level
MDT Modular dynamic (formation) tester
mD Millidarcies (permeability)
MJ Mega (106) Joules
MMbbl Million US barrels
MMscf(d) Million standard cubic feet (per day)

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Term Definition
MMstb Million US stock tank barrels
MOD Money of the Day (nominal dollars) as opposed to money in real terms
MOU Memorandum of Understanding
Mscf Thousand standard cubic feet
Mstb Thousand US stock tank barrels
MPa Mega (106) pascal (measurement of pressure)
mss Metres subsea
Mstb/d Thousand Stock tank barrels per day
MSV Mean Success Volume
mTVDss Metres true vertical depth subsea
MW Megawatt
NPV Net Present Value (of a series of cash flows)
NTG Net to Gross (ratio)
ODT Oil down to
OGIP Original Gas In Place
OOIP Original Oil in Place
Opex Operating expenditure
OWC Oil-water contact
P90, P50, P10 90%, 50% & 10% probabilities respectively that the stated quantities will be equalled or exceeded.
The P90, P50 and P10 quantities correspond to the Proved (1P), Proved + Probable (2P) and Proved +
Probable + Possible (3P) confidence levels respectively.
PBU Pressure build-up
PJ Peta (1015) Joules
POS Probability of Success
Possible
Reserves
As defined in the SPE-PRMS, an incremental category of estimated recoverable volumes associated
with a defined degree of uncertainty. Possible Reserves are those additional reserves which analysis
of geoscience and engineering data suggest are less likely to be recoverable than Probable Reserves.
The total quantities ultimately recovered from the project have a low probability to exceed the sum
of Proved plus Probable plus Possible (3P) which is equivalent to the high estimate scenario. When
probabilistic methods are used, there should be at least a 10% probability that the actual quantities
recovered will equal or exceed the 3P estimate.
Probable
Reserves
As defined in the SPE-PRMS, an incremental category of estimated recoverable volumes associated
with a defined degree of uncertainty. Probable Reserves are those additional Reserves that are less
likely to be recovered than Proved Reserves but more certain to be recovered than Possible Reserves.
It is equally likely that actual remaining quantities recovered will be greater than or less than the sum
of the estimated Proved plus Probable Reserves (2P). In this context, when probabilistic methods are
used, there should be at least a 50% probability that the actual quantities recovered will equal or
exceed the 2P estimate.
Prospective
Resources
Those quantities of petroleum which are estimated, as of a given date, to be potentially recoverable
from undiscovered accumulations as defined in the SPE-PRMS.
Proved
Reserves
As defined in the SPE-PRMS, an incremental category of estimated recoverable volumes associated
with a defined degree of uncertainty Proved Reserves are those quantities of petroleum, which by
analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be
commercially recoverable, from a given date forward, from known reservoirs and under defined
economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulations. If deterministic methods are
used, the term reasonable certainty is intended to express a high degree of confidence that the
quantities will be recovered. If probabilistic methods are used, there should be at least a 90%
probabilitythat thequantities actuallyrecovered will equal or exceed the estimate. Often referred to

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Term Definition
as 1P, also as “Proven”.
PSC Production Sharing Contract
PSDM Pre-stack depth migration
PSTM Pre-stack time migration
psia Pounds per square inch pressure absolute
p.u. Porosity unit e.g. porosity of 20% +/- 2 p.u. equals a porosity range of 18% to 22%
PVT Pressure, volume & temperature
QA/QC Quality Assurance/ Control
rb/stb Reservoir barrels per stock tank barrel under standard conditions
RFT Repeat Formation Test
Real
Terms
(RT)
Real Terms (in the reference date dollars) as opposed to Nominal Terms of Money of the Day
Reserves RESERVES are those quantities of petroleum anticipated to be commercially recoverable by
application of development projects to known accumulations from a given date forward under
defined conditions. Reserves must further satisfy four criteria: they must be discovered, recoverable,
commercial, and remaining (as of the evaluation date) based on the development project(s) applied.
Reserves are further categorised in accordance with the level of certainty associated with the
estimates and may be sub-classified based on project maturity and/or characterized by development
and production status.
RT Measured from Rotary Table or Real Terms, depending on context
SC Service Contract
scf Standard cubic feet (measured at 60 degrees F and 14.7 psia)
Sg Gas saturation
Sgr Residual gas saturation
SRD Seismic reference datum lake level
SPE Society of Petroleum Engineers
SPE-PRMS Petroleum Resources Management System, approved by the Board of the SPE March 2007 and
endorsed by the Boards of Society of Petroleum Engineers, American Association of Petroleum
Geologists, World Petroleum Council and Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers.
s.u. Fluid saturation unit. e.g. saturation of 80% +/- 10 s.u. equals a saturation range of 70% to 90%
stb Stock tank barrels
STOIIP Stock Tank Oil Initially In Place
Sw Water saturation
TCM Technical committee meeting
Tcf Trillion (1012) cubic feet
TJ Tera (1012) Joules
TLP Tension Leg Platform
TRSSV Tubing retrievable subsurface safety valve
TVD True vertical depth
US$ United States dollar
US$ million Million United States dollars
WACC Weighted average cost of capital
WHFP Well Head Flowing Pressure
WI Working Interest - a company’s equity interest in a project before reduction for royalties or production
share owed to others under the applicable fiscal terms.

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Term Definition
WPC World Petroleum Council
WTI West Texas Intermediate Crude Oil

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APPENDIX III

1. RESPONSIBILITY STATEMENT

This circular, for which the Directors collectively and individually accept full responsibility, includes particulars given in compliance with the Listing Rules for the purpose of giving information with regard to the Company. The Directors, having made all reasonable enquiries, confirm that, to the best of their knowledge and belief the information contained in this circular is accurate and complete in all material respects and not misleading or deceptive, and there are no other matters the omission of which would make any statement herein or this circular misleading.

2. DISCLOSURE OF INTERESTS

(a) Directors’ and Chief Executive’s Interests in Shares and Underlying Shares

As at the Latest Practicable Date, the interests or short positions of the Directors and chief executive of the Company in the Shares, underlying shares and debentures (if any) of the Company or any of its associated corporations (within the meaning of Part XV of the SFO) as required to be notified to the Company and the Stock Exchange pursuant to Divisions 7 and 8 of Part XV of the SFO (including interests and short positions which they were taken or deemed to have under such provisions of the SFO), as recorded in the register maintained by the Company pursuant to section 352 of the SFO or as otherwise notified to the Company and the Stock Exchange pursuant to the Model Code for Securities Transactions by Directors of Listed Issuers (the ‘‘Model Code’’) were as follows:

Interests and short positions in the shares, underlying shares and debentures of the Company or its associated corporations

Approximate
Total number of percentage of
shares/underlying interest in the
Name of Director Capacity/Nature of interest shares corporation
Mr. Zhang Ruilin Beneficial interest 5,087,000 (L) 0.17%
Note 1
Family interest/interest of 1,626,455,234 (L) 55.35%
controlled corporation Notes 3 and 5
Parties acting in concert 7,287,000 (L) 0.25%
Notes 3 and 5
211,855,234 (S) 7.21%
Notes 4 and 5

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GENERAL INFORMATION

APPENDIX III

Approximate
Total number of percentage of
shares/underlying interest in the
Name of Director Capacity/Nature of interest shares corporation
Mr. Zhao Jiangwei Beneficial interest 7,287,000 (L) 0.25%
Note 2
Family interest/interest of 1,626,455,234 (L) 55.35%
controlled corporation Notes 3 and 5
Parties acting in concert 5,087,000 (L) 0.17%
Notes 3 and 5
211,855,234 (S) 7.21%
Notes 4 and 5
Mr. Mei Jianping Beneficial interest 1,267,933 (L) 0.04%
Note 6
Mr. Jeffrey Willard Beneficial interest 1,811,333 (L) 0.06%
Miller Note 7
Mr. Andrew Beneficial interest 3,441,000 (L) 0.12%
Sherwood Harper Note 8
Mr. Tian Hongtao Beneficial interest 5,400,000 (L) 0.18%
Note 9
Mr. Tao Tak Yin Beneficial interest 4,800,000 (L) 0.16%
Dexter Note 10

Notes:

  • (1) Mr. Zhang Ruilin beneficially owns 100,000 Shares and is interested in 4,987,000 Shares underlying the share options of the Company granted to him on 20 September 2011 and 21 March 2014, respectively.

  • (2) Mr. Zhao Jiangwei beneficially owns 1,150,000 Shares and is interested in 6,137,000 Shares underlying the share options and awarded shares of the Company granted to him on 20 September 2011, 21 March 2014 and 20 November 2015, respectively;

  • (3) Each of Champion International Energy Limited, Orient International Energy Limited, Power International Energy Limited and New Sun International Energy Limited is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sunrise Glory Holdings Limited, which is in turn wholly-owned by Far East Energy Limited, the ultimate holding company of the Company. Far East Energy Limited owns through each of Champion International Energy Limited, Orient International Energy Limited, Power International Energy Limited and New Sun International Energy Limited, an aggregate of 1,414,600,000 Shares. Far East Energy Limited is held as to 9.99%, 80% and 10% by Mr. Zhang Ruilin, Ms. Zhao Jiangbo and Mr. Zhao Jiangwei, respectively.

  • (4) As at the Latest Practicable Date, Celestial Energy Limited beneficially holds 211,855,234 Shares. Pursuant to the put and call option agreement dated 8 November 2014 and entered into among Far East Energy Limited, Mr. Zhang Ruilin, Mr. Zhao Jiangwei, Ms. Zhang Jiangbo and Celestial Energy Limited (the ‘‘2014 Option Agreement’’), (i) a put option was granted by Far East Energy Limited to

– III-2 –

GENERAL INFORMATION

APPENDIX III

Celestial Energy Limited to sell up to 211,855,234 Shares; and (ii) a call option was granted by Celestial Energy Limited to Far East Energy Limited to purchase up to 84,742,094 Shares, on and subject to the terms and conditions therein. Far East Energy Limited is interested in a long position of 211,855,234 Shares pursuant to the 2014 Option Agreement. Pursuant to its obligation to deliver 211,855,234 Shares under the 2014 Option Agreement, Celestial Energy Limited has a short position of 211,855,234 Shares. As Far East Energy Limited is a party acting in concert with Celestial Energy Limited, it is deemed interested in such short position.

  • (5) On 24 May 2013, Mr. Zhang Ruilin, Ms. Zhao Jiangbo and Mr. Zhao Jiangwei have entered into an agreement pursuant to which each of them has agreed to act in concert in relation to all matters that require the decisions of the shareholders of Far East Energy Limited (‘‘Acting in Concert Agreement’’). Therefore, by virtue of being party to the Acting In Concert Agreement, Mr. Zhao Jiangwei is deemed to be interested in (a) through the controlling interest of Ms. Zhao Jiangbo in Far East Energy Limited, in the 1,414,600,000 Shares held by Far East Energy Limited through its subsidiaries and the 211,855,234 Shares which Far East Energy Limited is interested pursuant to the 2014 Option Agreement; and (b) the 100,000 Shares beneficially owned by Mr. Zhang Ruilin and the 4,987,000 Shares underlying the share options of the Company granted to Mr. Zhang Ruilin. By virtue of being spouse to Ms. Zhao Jiangbo and party to the Acting in Concert Agreement, Mr. Zhang Ruilin is deemed interested in (a) through the controlling interest of Ms. Zhao Jiangbo in Far East Energy Limited, in the 1,414,600,000 Shares held by Far East Energy Limited through its subsidiaries and the 211,855,234 Shares which Far East Energy Limited is interested pursuant to the 2014 Option Agreement; and (b) the 1,150,000 Shares beneficially owned by Mr. Zhao Jiangwei and the 6,137,000 Shares underlying the share options and awarded shares of the Company granted to Mr. Zhao Jiangwei.

  • (6) Mr. Mei Jianping is interested in 1,267,933 underlying Shares by virtue of the share option of the Company granted to him on 23 November 2010.

  • (7) Mr. Jeffrey Willard Miller is interested in 1,811,333 underlying Shares by virtue of the share option of the Company granted to him on 23 November 2010.

  • (8) Mr. Andrew Sherwood Harper is interested in 3,441,000 underlying Shares by virtue of the share option of the Company granted to him on 20 September 2011 and 21 March 2014, respectively.

  • (9) Mr. Tian Hongtao is interested in 5,400,000 underlying Shares by virtue of the share option and awarded shares of the Company granted to him on 21 March 2014 and 20 November 2015, respectively.

  • (10) Mr. Tao Tak Yin Dexter beneficially owns 2,400,000 Shares and is interested in 2,400,000 underlying Shares by virtue of the awarded shares of the Company granted to him on 20 November 2015.

  • (11) ‘‘L’’ denotes long position in the Shares; and ‘‘S’’ denotes short position in the Shares.

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GENERAL INFORMATION

APPENDIX III

(b) Persons who have interests or short positions which are discloseable under Divisions 2 and 3 of Part XV of the SFO

As at the Latest Practicable Date, the following persons, not being a Director or chief executive of the Company, had an interest in the shares and underlying shares of the Company as recorded in the register required to be kept under section 336 of the SFO or as required to be disclosed to the Company and the Stock Exchange under Divisions 2 and 3 of Part XV of the SFO, the details of which are set out below:

Interests and short positions in the shares and underlying shares of the Company

Approximate
percentage of
Number of interest in the
Name of shareholder Nature of interest Shares held Company
Ms. Zhao Jiangbo Interest of controlled 1,626,455,234 (L) 55.35%
corporation Notes 1 and 2
Family interest 5,087,000 (L) 0.17%
Note 3
Parties acting in concert 7,287,000 (L) 0.25%
Note 3
211,855,234 (S) 7.21%
Note 2
Champion International Beneficial interest 399,070,000 (L) 13.58%
Energy Limited Note 1
Orient International Beneficial interest 399,070,000 (L) 13.58%
Energy Limited Note 1
Power International Beneficial interest 141,460,000 (L) 4.81%
Energy Limited Note 1
New Sun International Beneficial interest 475,000,000 (L) 16.16%
Energy Limited Note 1
Sunrise Glory Holdings Interest of controlled 1,414,600,000 (L) 48.14%
Limited corporation Note 1

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APPENDIX III

Approximate
percentage of
Number of interest in the
Name of shareholder Nature of interest Shares held Company
Far East Energy Beneficial interest 211,855,234 (L) 7.21%
Limited Note 2
Interest of controlled 1,414,600,000 (L) 48.14%
corporation Note 1
Parties acting in concert 12,374,000 (L) 0.42%
Note 4
211,855,234 (S) 7.21%
Note 2
Celestial Energy Beneficial interest 211,855,234 (L) 7.21%
Limited Note 5
211,855,234 (S) 7.21%
Note 2
Parties acting in concert 1,426,974,000 (L) 48.56%
Note 6
Mr. Ho Chi Sing Interest of controlled 211,855,234 (L) 7.21%
corporation Note 5
211,855,234 (S) 7.21%
Note 2
Parties acting in concert 1,426,974,000 (L) 48.56%
Note 6
Citigroup Inc. Beneficial interest 176,978,724 (L) 6.02%
50,199,827 (P) 1.71%

Notes:

  • (1) Each of Champion International Energy Limited, Orient International Energy Limited, Power International Energy Limited and New Sun International Energy Limited is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sunrise Glory Holdings Limited, which is in turn wholly-owned by Far East Energy Limited, the ultimate holding company of the Company. Far East Energy Limited owns, through each of Champion International Energy Limited, Orient International Energy Limited, Power International Energy Limited and New Sun International Energy Limited, an aggregate of 1,414,600,000 Shares. Far East Energy Limited is held as to 9.99%, 80% and 10% by Mr. Zhang Ruilin, Ms. Zhao Jiangbo and Mr. Zhao Jiangwei, respectively. Ms. Zhao Jiangbo, through her controlling interest in Far East Energy Limited, is deemed to be interested in the 1,414,600,000 Shares held by Far East Energy Limited through its subsidiaries.

  • (2) Pursuant to the 2014 Option Agreement, (i) a put option was granted by Far East Energy Limited to Celestial Energy Limited to sell up to 211,855,234 Shares; and (ii) a call option was granted by Celestial Energy Limited to Far East Energy Limited to purchase up to 84,742,094 Shares, on and subject to the terms and conditions therein. Far East Energy Limited is interested in a long position of 211,855,234 Shares underlying such options granted under the 2014 Option Agreement. Pursuant to its obligation to deliver 211,855,234 Shares under the 2014 Option Agreement, Celestial Energy Limited

– III-5 –

GENERAL INFORMATION

APPENDIX III

has a short position of 211,855,234 Shares. As Far East Energy Limited is a party acting in concert with Celestial Energy Limited, it is deemed interested in such short position of Celestial Energy Limited. By virtue of her controlling interest in Far East Energy Limited, Ms. Zhao Jiangbo is therefore, deemed interested in (a) such long position of 211,855,234 Shares as well as the short position of 211,855,234 Shares of Celestial Energy Limited, in both of which Far East Energy Limited is interested.

  • (3) As spouse of Mr. Zhang Ruilin, Ms. Zhao Jiangbo is deemed interested in the 100,000 Shares held by Mr. Zhang Ruilin and the 4,987,000 underlying Shares in which Mr. Zhang Ruilin is interested by virtue of the share options of the Company granted to him on 20 September 2011 and 21 March 2014, respectively. As party to the Acting in Concert Agreement with Mr. Zhao Jiangwei, Ms. Zhao Jiangbo is also deemed interested in the 1,150,000 Shares held by Mr. Zhao Jiangwei and the 6,137,000 underlying Shares in which Mr. Zhao Jiangwei is interested by virtue of the share option and awarded shares of the Company granted to him on 20 September 2011, 21 March 2014, and 20 November 2015, respectively.

  • (4) By virtue of being parties acting in concert with Mr. Zhang Ruilin and Mr. Zhao Jiangwei, Far East Energy Limited is deemed interested in (a) the 100,000 Shares and (by virtue of the share options of the Company granted to Mr. Zhang Ruilin on 20 September 2011 and 21 March 2014, respectively) the 4,987,000 underlying Shares; and (b) the 1,150,000 Shares and (by virtue of the share options and awarded shares of the Company granted to Mr. Zhao Jiangwei on 20 September 2011, 21 March 2014, and 20 November 2015 respectively) the 6,137,000 underlying Shares.

  • (5) Celestial Energy Limited beneficially owns 211,855,234 Shares. Mr. Ho Chi Sing is the sole shareholder of Celestial Energy Limited and is therefore deemed interested in such Shares held by Celestial Energy Limited.

  • (6) As party acting in concert with Far East Energy Limited, Celestial Energy Limited is therefore deemed interested a long position of an aggregate of 1,426,974 Shares and underlying Shares in which Far East Energy Limited is interested and deemed interested.

  • (7) ‘‘L’’ denotes long position in the Shares; ‘‘S’’ denotes short position in the Shares; and ‘‘P’’ denotes lending pool in the Shares.

Saved as disclosed above in this section, as at the Latest Practicable Date, the Company had not been notified of any other persons (other than the Directors or chief executive of the Company) who had any interest or short position in the shares and underlying shares of the Company as recorded in the register required to be kept under Section 336 of the SFO or as required to be disclosed to the Company and the Stock Exchange under Divisions 2 and 3 of Part XV of the SFO.

Saved as disclosed in this section, as at the Latest Practicable Date, none of the Directors or Proposed Directors was a director or employee of a company which had an interest in the Shares and underlying Shares which would fall to be disclosed under the provisions of Divisions 2 and 3 of Part XV of the SFO.

COMPETING INTERESTS

As at the Latest Practicable Date, none of the Directors and their respective associates had any interest in a business, apart from the business of the Company, which competes or may compete with the business of the Company or has any other conflict of interest with the Company which would be required to be disclosed under Rule 8.10 of the Listing Rules.

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GENERAL INFORMATION

APPENDIX III

INTEREST IN CONTRACT OR ARRANGEMENT

As at the Latest Practicable Date, none of the Directors and supervisors of the Company had any direct or indirect interest in any contract, transaction or assets which have been acquired or disposed of by, or leased to, or which are proposed to be acquired or disposed of by, or leased to, any member of the Group since 31 December 2015, being the date to which the latest published audited accounts of the Group were made up.

As at the Latest Practicable Date, so far is known to the Directors, none of the Directors and supervisors of the Company was materially interested in any contract or arrangement entered into by the Company or any of its subsidiaries which was subsisting and significant in relation to the business of the Group taken as a whole.

DIRECTORS’ SERVICE CONTRACTS

On 20 November 2009, Zhang Ruilin and Zhao Jiangwei, each an executive Director, each entered into a service contract with each of the Company and MI Energy Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (‘‘MIE’’), which is renewable yearly unless terminated (i) with twelve month’s notice by either party, or (ii) by the Company or MIE (as applicable) upon certain events such as the Director having committed serious or persistent breaches of the service contract. Should the Company or MIE (as applicable) terminate the service contract, Zhang Ruilin and Zhao Jiangwei will be entitled to receive a severance payment equivalent to one year’s basic pay under the service contract, save for circumstances described in item (ii) above.

Save as disclosed above, as at the Latest Practicable Date, none of the Directors had any existing service contract or proposed service contract with any member of the Enlarged Group which will not expire or which is not determinable by the Company within one year without payment of compensation (other than statutory compensation).

MATERIAL ADVERSE CHANGE

As at the Latest Practicable Date, the Directors were not aware of any material adverse change in the financial or trading position of the Group since 31 December 2015, the date to which the latest published audited accounts of the Company were made up.

EXPERT AND CONSENT

The following is the qualification of the expert who has been named in this circular or have given opinion or advice contained in this circular:

Name Qualification

RISC Operations Pty Ltd Competent Person

RISC Operations Pty Ltd is referred to as the ‘‘Expert’’ hereinafter.

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GENERAL INFORMATION

APPENDIX III

As at the Latest Practicable Date, the Expert had no shareholding in any member of the Group, nor had any right, whether legally enforceable or not, to subscribe for or to nominate persons to subscribe for securities in any member of the Group, nor had any direct or indirect interest in any assets which have been acquired or disposed of by, or leased to, any member of the Group or are proposed to be acquired or disposed of by, or leased to, any member of the Group since 31 December 2015, the date to which the latest published audited accounts of the Group was made up.

The Expert has given and has not withdrawn its written consent to the issue of this circular with the inclusion of its letter(s) or report(s) and reference to its name in the form and context in which it is included.

LITIGATION

As at the Latest Practicable Date, no members of the Group were engaged in any litigation, arbitration or claim of material importance and no litigation, arbitration or claim of material importance is known to the Directors to be pending or threatened against the Group.

MATERIAL CONTRACTS

The following contracts (not being contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business) have been entered into by the members of the Group within two years immediately preceding the issue of this circular and are material:

  • (a) the Agreement;

  • (b) the conditional sale and purchase agreement dated 5 March 2016 and entered into among the Company, Palaeontol Cooperatief U.A., and Reach Energy Berhad in relation to the acquisition by Palaeontol Cooperatief U.A. from the Company of 60% of the equity interest in Palaeontol B.V. at a consideration of approximately US$154,889,000, subject to adjustment;

  • (c) a settlement agreement dated 11 December 2015 and entered into between the Company and the Acap Limited in relation to an outstanding termination fee payable by the Company to Acap Limited amounted to approximately US$6,830,000 is settled by the allotment and issue of 55,718,000 Shares to Acap Limited at the issue price of HK$0.95per Share;

  • (d) a placing and subscription agreement dated 16 October 2015, and entered into among New Sun International Energy Limited (‘‘New Sun’’), the Company and six institutional and individual investors, pursuant to which (a) New Sun sell to the investors in aggregate 276,300,000 Shares at the price of HK$0.90 per Share; and (b) New Sun subscribe, and the Company issue and allot 276,300,000 Shares at the price of HK$0.90 per Share;

  • (e) supplemental indentures dated 29 May 2014, 12 November 2014, 16 June 2015 and 16 July 2015 and entered into among Citicorp International Limited (as the trustee), the Company (as the issuer), MI Energy Corporation, MIE New Ventures

– III-8 –

GENERAL INFORMATION

APPENDIX III

Corporation, Palaeontol Coperatief U.A., Palaeontol B.V., Emir-Oil, LLP., MIE Jurassic Energy Corporation, Asia Dynamic Energy Corporation, PanChina Resources Ltd., Miao Three Energy Limited, Gobi Energy Limited, Riyadh Energy Limited, Asia Oil & Gas (Cayman) Limited, and/or Asia Dynamic Energy Trading Corporation (each a subsidiary of the Company and as a guarantor) in relation to the amendment to an indenture dated 6 February 2013 and entered into among Citicorp International Limited (as the trustee), the Company (as the issuer), MI Energy Corporation, MIE New Ventures Corporation, Palaeontol Coperatief U.A., Palaeontol B.V., Emir-Oil, LLP., MIE Jurassic Energy Corporation, Asia Dynamic Energy Corporation, Pan-China Resources Ltd., Asia Power Energy Corporation, Gobi Energy Limited and Riyadh Energy Limited (each a subsidiary of the Company and as a guarantor) setting out the terms of the US$200,000,000 6.875% senior notes due 2018 issued by the Company;

  • (f) a cooperation framework agreement dated 16 December 2014 and entered into between the Company and China Oil and Gas Group Limited in relation to the cooperation in the development of Shanxi Linxing block coalbed methane integrated utilization project;

  • (g) a sale and purchase agreement dated 26 September 2014, an amendment agreement dated 14 October 2014, a supplementary agreement dated 17 December 2014 and a second amendment agreement dated 31 December 2014, all entered into between the Company and Pacific Energy Development (Asia) Co. Corp. in relation to the acquisition by Pacific Energy Development (Asia) Co. Corp. from the Company of all of the issued share capital of Miao Three Energy Limited at a consideration of US$21.2 million payable to the Company;

  • (h) a sale and purchase agreement dated 20 August 2014 and an amendment agreement dated 28 November 2014, both entered into between the Company and Hong Kong Huihua Global Technology Limited in relation to the acquisition by Hong Kong Huihua Global Technology Limited from the Company of all of the issued share capital of Pan-China Resources Ltd at a consideration of US$83.1 million payable to the Company;

  • (i) a termination agreement dated 22 September 2014 and an amendment agreement dated 20 November 2014, both entered into between the Company and the Essentia Investments Limited in relation to the termination of the right granted by the Company to Essentia Investments Limited to co-invest with the Company or its associates for up to 9.9% of the assets acquired in the acquisition by the Company of all the issued and outstanding shares of Pan-China Resources Ltd. pursuant to the consultancy agreement dated 17 September 2012 and entered into between Essentia Investments Limited and the Company and held by the Company or its associate as at the exercise of such right, at a consideration of US$3.7 million payable by the Company; and

– III-9 –

GENERAL INFORMATION

APPENDIX III

  • (j) a termination agreement dated 16 September 2014 and entered into between the Company and the Acap Limited in relation to the termination of the right granted by the Company to Acap Limited to co-invest with the Company or its associates for up to 9.9% of the assets acquired in the acquisition by Palaeontol B.V. of all the issued and outstanding participation interests of, and loans granted to, Emir-Oil, LLP pursuant to the participation interest purchase agreement dated 14 February 2011 and entered into between BMB Munai, Inc., Palaeontol B.V. and the Company and held by the Company or its associate as at the exercise of such right, at the consideration of US$11.9 million payable by the Company.

MISCELLANEOUS

  • (a) The registered office of the Company is at P.O. Box 309, Ugland House, Grand Cayman KY1-1104, Cayman Islands. The head office of the Company is at Suite 1501, Block C, Grand Place, 5 Hui Zhong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, the People’s Republic of China and the principal place of business in Hong Kong is at Level 54, Hopewell Centre, 183 Queen’s Road East, Hong Kong.

  • (b) The branch share registrar and transfer office of the Company in Hong Kong is Tricor Investor Services Limited, at Level 22, Hopewell Centre, 183 Queen’s Road East, Hong Kong.

  • (c) The company secretary of the Company is Ms. Wong Sau Mei. Ms. Wong is an Associate of both The Hong Kong Institute of Chartered Secretaries and The Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators.

  • (d) This circular is prepared in both English and Chinese. In the event of inconsistency, the English version shall prevail.

DOCUMENTS FOR INSPECTION

Copies of the following documents will be available for inspection at the Company’s principal place of business in Hong Kong at Level 54, Hopewell Centre, 183 Queen’s Road East, Hong Kong during normal business hours on any weekday (except public holidays) for a period of 14 days from the date of this circular:

  • (a) the memorandum and articles of association of the Company;

  • (b) the annual reports of the Company for each of the two financial years ended 31 December 2014 and 2015;

  • (c) the contracts referred to in the paragraph headed ‘‘Directors’ Service Contracts’’ in this Appendix;

  • (d) the contracts referred to in the paragraph headed ‘‘Material Contracts’’ in this Appendix;

– III-10 –

GENERAL INFORMATION

APPENDIX III

  • (e) the Competent Person’s Report prepared by the Competent Person, the text of which are set out in Appendix II to this circular;

  • (f) the written consent from the Competent Person referred to in the paragraph headed ‘‘Expert and Consent’’ in this Appendix;

  • (g) the circular of the Company dated 26 May 2016 in relation to the disposal of 60% equity interest in an indirectly wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company; and

  • (h) this circular.

– III-11 –

NOTICE OF EGM

==> picture [75 x 76] intentionally omitted <==

MIE HOLDINGS CORPORATION MI 能 源 控 股 有 限 公 司

(Incorporated in the Cayman Islands with limited liability) (Stock Code: 1555)

NOTICE OF EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN THAT the extraordinary general meeting (the ‘‘EGM’’) of MIE Holdings Corporation (the ‘‘Company’’) will be held at Room 3, United Conference Centre, 10/F, United Centre, 95 Queensway, Admiralty, Hong Kong on Monday, 20 June 2016 immediately after the conclusion of the extraordinary general meeting of the Company in relation to the disposal of 60% equity interest in Palaeontol B.V. for the purpose of considering and, if thought fit, passing with or without modification or amendment the following resolution:

ORDINARY RESOLUTION

‘‘THAT:

  • (a) the sale and purchase agreement dated 26 April 2016 (the ‘‘Agreement’’) entered into between the Company and the Purchaser (a copy of which is produced to the EGM marked ‘‘A’’ and initialed by the chairman of the EGM for the purpose of identification), and the terms and conditions thereof and the transactions contemplated thereunder and the implementation thereof be and are hereby approved and confirmed; and

  • (b) the authorisation to any one of the Directors, or any other person authorised by the Board from time to time, for and on behalf of the Company, among other matters, to sign, seal, execute, perfect, perform and deliver all such agreements, instruments, documents and deeds, and to do all such acts, matters and things and take all such steps as he or she or they may in his or her or their absolute discretion consider to be necessary, expedient, desirable or appropriate to give effect to and implement the Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereunder and all matters incidental to, ancillary to or in connection thereto, including agreeing and making any modifications, amendments, waivers, variations or extensions of the Sale and

– EGM-1 –

NOTICE OF EGM

Purchase Agreement or the transactions contemplated thereunder be and are hereby approved, ratified and confirmed.’’

By order of the Board MIE Holdings Corporation Zhang Ruilin Chairman

Hong Kong, 26 May 2016

Notes:

  • (1) All resolutions at the meeting will be taken by poll pursuant to the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (the ‘‘Listing Rules’’) and the results of the poll will be published on the website of the Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited and the Company in accordance with the Listing Rules.

  • (2) Any shareholder of the Company entitled to attend and vote at the above meeting is entitled to appoint more than one proxy to attend and on a poll, vote instead of him. A proxy need not be a shareholder of the Company.

  • (3) In order to be valid, the form of proxy together with the power of attorney or other authority, if any, under which it is signed or a certified copy of that power of attorney or authority, must be deposited at the Company’s branch share registrar in Hong Kong, Tricor Investor Services Limited, at Level 22, Hopewell Centre, 183 Queen’s Road East, Hong Kong not less than 48 hours before the time appointed for the holding of the meeting or any adjourned meeting thereof (as the case may be). Delivery of the form of proxy shall not preclude a shareholder of the Company from attending and voting in person at the meeting and, in such event, the instrument appointing a proxy shall be deemed to be revoked.

  • (4) Where there are joint holders of any share of the Company, any one of such holders may vote at the meeting, either personally or by proxy, in respect of such share as if he was solely entitled thereto, but if more than one of such holders be present at the meeting personally or by proxy, that one of such holders so present whose name stands first on the register of members of the Company in respect of such share shall alone be entitled to vote in respect thereof.

  • (5) For determining the entitlement to attend and vote at the meeting, the register of members of the Company will be closed from Thursday, 16 June 2016 to Monday, 20 June 2016, both days inclusive, during which period no transfer of shares will be registered. In order to be eligible to attend and vote at the meeting, all transfer documents accompanied by the relevant share certificates must be lodged with the Company’s branch share registrar in Hong Kong, Tricor Investor Services Limited, at Level 22, Hopewell Centre, 183 Queen’s Road East, Hong Kong, for registration not later than 4:30 p.m. on Wednesday, 15 June 2016.

As at the date of this notice, the Board comprises of (1) the executive Directors namely Mr. Zhang Ruilin, Mr. Zhao Jiangwei, Mr. Andrew Sherwood Harper, Mr. Tao Tak Yin Dexter and Mr. Tian Hongtao; (2) the non-executive Director namely Ms. Xie Na; and (3) the independent non-executive Directors namely Mr. Mei Jianping, Mr. Jeffrey W. Miller and Mr. Guo Yanjun.

– EGM-2 –