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MATSA RESOURCES LIMITED — Capital/Financing Update 2015
May 13, 2015
65296_rns_2015-05-13_dadc6bbc-366d-4c7d-885e-ad8181a154c1.pdf
Capital/Financing Update
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Matsa Resources Limited
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LIMITED
ABN 48 106 732 487
ASX Announcement
14 May 2015
Maiden Reserve and Positive Mt Henry Feasibility Study (Matsa 30%)
Highlights
CORPORATE SUMMARY
Executive Chairman
-
Results from the recently completed Mt Henry Feasibility Study (MHFS) have been released by Panoramic Resources Ltd (ASX:PAN) which demonstrates a robust base case.
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Key outcomes of the MHFS on 100% Project Basis (PAN 70%/MAT 30%)
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Annual production - ~120,000oz pa
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Maiden Reserve - 922,900oz Au (20.2Mt @ 1.42g/t)
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Initial Project life – 7.3 years, total production 865,000oz
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Average C1 cash cost – A$1,024/oz
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Pre-development capital cost – A$161M
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Robust project economics – cumulative pre-tax free cash flow of A$179M at A$1,500/oz
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Project NPV’s expected to be A$39.6M at A$1,500/oz, A$80.2M at A$1,600/oz and A$120.7M at A$1,700/oz
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Capital cost reductions may be possible especially under a competitive bid situation.
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Matsa and Panoramic are commencing a dual IPO/trade sale process to maximise the monetary value of this financially robust gold project.
Paul Poli
Director
Frank Sibbel
Director & Company Secretary
Andrew Chapman
Shares on Issue
144.15 million
Unlisted Options
14.85 million @ $0.25 - $0.43
Top 20 shareholders
Hold 50.36%
Share Price on 14 May 2015
28 cents
Market Capitalisation
$40.36 million
- Two Australian banks have provided indicative term sheets for debt financing of the project which indicates that a significant portion of the project cost could be debt funded.
Head Office: Suite 11, 139 Newcastle Street, Perth Western Australia 6000 Tel : +61 8 9230 3555 Fax: +61 8 9227 0370 Bangkok Office: Unit 1808, Pacific Place 2, 142 Sukhumvit Road, Klongtoey, Bangkok 10110 Tel : +66 0 2653 0258 Fax : +66 0 2653 0258 [email protected] www.matsa.com.au
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Matsa Resources Limited
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Matsa is very pleased to report that Panoramic Resources (ASX:PAN) has released results from its recently completed Mt Henry Gold Project Feasibility Study (MHFS). Since acquiring a 70% interest in the Project from Matsa in July 2012, Panoramic has completed and released a positive Scoping Study (December 2012), undertaken a significant resource infill drilling campaign in 2013, which increased the confidence in the resources and, over the last two years, determined and evaluated a development path to maximise the economics of the Project via the delivery of the MHFS.
Matsa Executive Chairman Mr Paul Poli said “Firstly, let me thank Panoramic and their entire team led by Mr Peter Harold for delivering on every aspect of their agreement with Matsa. They are an exceptionally talented group of people. We sincerely hold them in high regard and recommend Panoramic to any future joint venture partners as a quality group of people to do business with. “
Mr Poli added “Their meticulous work in the MHFS confirms without doubt the value that the Mt Henry Project holds and the value that the project will bring to Matsa. This project provides another example of Matsa’s deliberate strategy of holding a pipeline of high quality projects which will underpin Matsa’s growth in shareholder value for the future. The task of monetising this asset into substantial cold hard cash is now underway.”
PAN announcement which includes all information as required under JORC 2012 is included as an attachment to this
release.
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Figure 1: Mt Henry JV Project Location
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Matsa Resources Limited
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Mount Henry Feasibility Study Outcomes
The MHFS on a 100% Project basis, is based on a mining inventory of 21.1Mt @1.41g/t (contained gold 961,000oz.) assuming ore is sourced from three open pit Resources, Mt Henry, Selene and North Scotia. 95.6% of the Mining Inventory is based on the Probable Ore Reserve estimate of 20.2Mt @ 1.42g/t Au (contained gold 922,900oz) . Mining is to be undertaken by conventional open pit mining methods. Ore would be processed on site through a centrally located 3Mtpa conventional Carbon in Leach (“CIL”) process plant at an average gold recovery of 90%. Processing uses a three stage crushing circuit, followed by two stage ball milling to achieve a target grind size of P80 38µm. Key Feasibility Study outcomes are given in Table 1.
| Item | Base Case (A$1,500/oz) |
|---|---|
| Mineral Resources | 1.7Moz contained gold at a 0.4g/t cut-off |
| Mining inventory | 21.1Mt @ 1.41g/t Au for 0.96Moz contained gold |
| Mine life (processing) | 7.3 years (at 3Mtpa) |
| LOM* production | 865,000oz Au (average ~120,000ozpa) |
| Total capital costs | A$186M (A$161M pre-production) |
| Average LOM cash costs (C1) | A$1,024/oz Au |
| Average LOM “all-in sustaining costs” | A$1,106/oz Au |
| LOM processing recovery | 90% |
| LOM strip ratio | 4.2:1 |
| Revenue | A$1,297M over LOM |
| EBITDA | A$366M over LOM |
| Post-tax cash flow | A$120M over LOM |
| Post-tax NPV (8%, real) | A$39.6M |
| Payback period | 4.6 years from first production |
| Construction period | 16 months; first gold production in Month 17 |
| Mineral Resources | 1.7Moz contained gold at a 0.4g/t cut-off |
Table 1: Key Outcomes from Feasibility Base Case on 100% project basis, (Matsa Interest 30%)
*LOM - Life of Mine
The financial evaluation of the open pit resources is based on applying robust assumptions on cut-off grade, application of suitable modifying factors including revenue assumptions, mining costs, strip-ratio and other geotechnical considerations as detailed in the Resources Section below. Figure 2 shows the Cumulative Net Free Cash Flow (base case) for the project over 103 months of construction and processing followed by a further 12 months closure period.
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Matsa Resources Limited
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Monthly and Cumulative Free Cash Flow (A$'M)
20 200
15 150
10 100
5 50
0 0
-5 -50
-10 -100
-15 -150
-20 -200
Net Free Cash Flow Cumulative Net Free Cash Flow
1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61 67 73 79 85 91 97 103 109 115
Monthly FCF (A$'M)
Cumulative FCF (A$'M)
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Figure 2: Cumulative Net Free Cash Flow Base Case on 100% Project (Matsa 30% Interest)
Project NPV sensitivity to changes in the A$ gold price is shown in Table 2.
| Mt Henry NPV A$M |
1,500 39.6 |
A$/oz Gold Price | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1,600 1, |
700 1,800 |
||
| 80.2 12 |
0.7 161.3 |
Table 2: NPV Sensitivity to varying A$ gold prices
Key Risks
A number of key risks were identified by PAN that may impact (either positively or negatively) on the economics of the Mt Henry Project. These risks include, but are not limited to:
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US$ Gold price and A$:US$ FX rate
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Capital and operating costs
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Processing optimisation and recoveries
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Project financing
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Regulatory approvals
Next Steps
Matsa is pleased and encouraged that the MHFS Base Case demonstrates a robust project. As announced PAN have already received indicative terms sheets from two Australian banks for debt financing of the project, which indicate that a significant portion of the project’s construction cost could be debt funded.
Whilst the Joint Venture parties could proceed to financing and development of Mt Henry it is the view of both parties that shareholders are best served by exploring alternative avenues to realise value. To this end, the Joint Venture parties are preparing to commence a dual IPO/trade sale process to realise value.
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Matsa Resources Limited
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For further Information please contact:
Paul Poli Executive Chairman
Phone +61 8 9230 3555 Fax +61 8 9227 0370 Email [email protected] Web www.matsa.com.au
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14 May 2015
ASX: PAN
Positive results from Mt Henry Feasibility Study
Key Outcomes (100% Project Basis)
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Maiden Reserve - 922,900oz Au (20.2Mt @ 1.42g/t)
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Initial Project life – 7.3 years, aggregate production of 865,000oz
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Average annual production - ~ 120,000oz pa
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Average C1 cash cost – A$1,024/oz
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Pre-production capital cost – A$161M
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Robust Project economics – cumulative pre-tax free cash flow of A$179M at A$1,500/oz
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Project NPVs – A$39.6M at A$1,500/oz, A$80.2M at A$1,600/oz and A$120.7M at A$1,700/oz
Details
Panoramic Resources Limited (“Panoramic”) is pleased to report the results of the recently completed Mt Henry Gold Project Feasibility Study (“MHFS”). Since acquiring a 70% interest in the Project from Matsa Resources Limited (“Matsa”) in July 2012, Panoramic has:
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completed and released a positive Scoping Study ( refer to ASX announcement of 18 December 2012 );
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undertaken a significant Resource infill drilling campaign in 2013, which increased the confidence in the Resources; and
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over the last two years, determined and evaluated a development path to maximise the economics of the Project via the delivery of the MHFS.
The MHFS is based on a Mining Inventory of 21.1Mt @1.41g/t Au containing 961,000oz Au, with ore sourced from three open pit Resources, Mt Henry, Selene and North Scotia. Approximately 96% of the Mining Inventory is based on the Probable Ore Reserve estimate of 20.2Mt @1.42g/t Au containing 922,900oz Au, with mining to be undertaken by conventional open pit mining methods. Ore will be processed on site through a centrally located 3Mtpa conventional Carbon in Leach (“CIL”) process plant achieving an average gold recovery of 90%. Ore processing will use a three stage crushing circuit, followed by two stage ball milling to achieve a target grind size of P80 38µm. Key Feasibility Study outcomes of the Mt Henry Gold Project (“MHGP”) are detailed in Table 1.
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Table 1- Key Outcomes of the MHFS Base Case (100% Basis)
| Item | Base Case (A$1,500/oz) |
|---|---|
| Mineral Resources | 1.7Moz contained gold at a 0.4g/t cut-off |
| Mining inventory | 21.1Mt @ 1.41g/t Au for 0.96Moz contained gold |
| Mine life (processing) | 7.3 years (at 3Mtpa) |
| LOM* production | 865,000oz Au (average ~120,000ozpa) |
| Total capital costs | A$186M (A$161M pre-production) |
| Average LOM cash costs (C1) | A$1,024/oz Au |
| Average LOM “all-in sustaining costs” | A$1,106/oz Au |
| LOM processing recovery | 90% |
| LOM strip ratio | 4.2:1 |
| Revenue | A$1,297M over LOM |
| EBITDA | A$366M over LOM |
| Post-tax cash flow | A$120M over LOM |
| Post-tax NPV (8%, real) | A$39.6M |
| Payback period | 4.6 years from first production |
| Construction period | 16 months; first gold production in Month 17 |
*LOM – Life of Mine
The financial evaluation of the MHGP open pit Resources is based on generating a mining and processing schedule from detailed pit designs which are based on assumptions of cut-off grade, the application of suitable modifying factors, including commodity, exchange rate and revenue assumptions; estimation of capital and operating (mining, processing and administration) unit costs; metallurgical recovery and geotechnical considerations. Figure 1 shows the Cumulative Net Free Cash Flow (Base Case) of the MHFS over the 103 months of construction and production, followed by a further 12 month closure period.
Figure 1 – MHFS Base Case Cumulative (Real) Net Free Cash Flow
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MHFS Base Case Monthly and Cumulative Free Cash Flow (A$M)
20 200
15 150
10 100
5 50
0 0
-5 -50
-10 -100
-15 -150
-20 -200
Net Free Cash Flow Cumulative Net Free Cash Flow
1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61 67 73 79 85 91 97 103 109 115
Monthly FCF (A$M)
Cumulative FCF (A$M)
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Table 2 shows the MHFS NPV sensitivity to changes in the A$ gold price.
Table 2 – MHFS NPV Sensitivity to different A$ Gold Prices
| NPV(A$M) | A$/oz Gold Price | A$/oz Gold Price | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,500 | 1,600 | 1,700 | 1,800 | |
| 39.6 | 80.2 | 120.7 | 161.3 |
Key Assumptions of the MHFS
Financial
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Base Case gold price of A$1,500/oz (US$1,200/oz and A$:$US0.80).
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No annual escalation applied to revenue or costs.
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Net Present Value estimation is on a post-tax basis using a post-tax real discount rate of 8%.
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Construction time of 16 months, first gold production in Month 17.
Costs
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Pre-production capital cost of A$161M, including the construction of the Process Plant and associated infrastructure (i.e. access roads, offices, workshop, water supply, accommodation village, tailings storage facility) and pre-production mining costs (i.e. contractor mobilisation and establishment, clearing and top soil conservation, pre-strip).
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Mine operating cost estimates were supplied by a large, well established WA mining contractor, experienced in this type of open pit mining. Excavating, loading, haul, drill and blasting makes up ~93% of the total mining cost base. Mining costs average A$3.10/tonne of material moved over the life of the Project. The diesel price has been estimated at A$1.00/litre (after the diesel fuel rebate).
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Processing and administration costs are built up from first principles (labour, reagents and grinding media usage, power cost and consumption, maintenance costs), and average A$25.68/tonne of ore treated .
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The MHGP will access gas from the Kambalda to Esperance Gas Pipeline (“KEGP”). A take-off valve is located 2.5km from the main processing plant area. It is assumed that power would be supplied by a contract provider under a build own operate transfer (“BOOT”) arrangement. The unit cost of power is estimated to be 15.3 cents/kWhr.
Physicals
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Ore is hauled to the process plant ROM pad on a continuous basis using two truck fleets operating in both the Selene and Mt Henry open pits. The feed to the process plant is blended in accordance with the delivery schedule of ore from each open pit. Ore is blended to optimise mill performance and throughput.
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A conventional CIL process plant with 3Mtpa capacity at 94% availability.
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Metallurgical testwork on the three MHGP Resources resulted in a range of gold recoveries from 90-93%. An average gold recovery of 90% has been used in the MHFS.
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The Mining Inventory of 21.1Mt was derived using a combination of Whittle 4X analysis and open pit design. Approximately 96% of the mining inventory is sourced from material in the Indicated Resource category. The Mining Inventory includes a small portion of material currently classified in the Inferred Resource category. In the mining schedule, this material only represents ~4% of ore delivered to the processing plant. The mining schedule assumes that ongoing Resource and grade control drilling will increase the confidence on the Inferred material prior to mining. As required by Listing Rule 5.16, it is noted that there is a low level of geological confidence associated with Inferred Mineral Resources and there is no certainty that further exploration work will result in the determination of Indicated Mineral Resources or that the production target will be realised.
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While there is currently no infrastructure at the site, the Project is only 20km from Norseman and ~190km from Kalgoorlie. This region has significant resources of skilled labour, infrastructure and mining services.
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A paleo-channel borefield has been identified immediately west of the proposed process plant. It is of sufficient size and quality to satisfy the water requirements of the process plant over the estimated life of the Project. A potable water supply is available in the town of Norseman.
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Other Relevant Information
Location and Tenure
The MHGP is located 700km east of Perth and 20km south of Norseman in Western Australia ( Figure 2 ). The Project area straddles the sealed Goldfields to Esperance Highway, linking the Goldfields town of Kalgoorlie to the port town of Esperance on the south coast of Western Australia. The Project is located entirely on vacant crown land, within the Shire of Dundas. The MHGP Resources are located immediately to the west of the northern arm of Lake Dundas. Lake Dundas is a large salt lake typical of the WA Eastern Goldfields region.
Figure 2 – MHGP Location
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The entire MHGP, including exploration areas, covers an area of approximately 53 km². The MHGP open pits are on granted Mining Leases, M63/515 and M63/516. The land designated for the process plant and some other infrastructure is subject to the granting of a General Purpose Lease and Miscellaneous Licences. A tenement swap with a local mining company is in progress in order to increase the area for the placement of waste west of Mt Henry open pit. Once this transaction has been completed, the area will also be the subject of a General Purpose Lease Application.
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Figure 3 – MHGP Tenements
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The MHGP falls within an area in respect of which the Federal Court has made a formal Determination of native title held by the Ngadju People. A Mining Agreement between Matsa, the Ngadju People and Goldfields Land and Sea Council Aboriginal Corporation was signed in June 2010 and covers the MHGP Mining Leases.
Geology and Mineralisation
The MHGP is located at the southern end of the Wiluna-Norseman Greenstone belt of the WA Eastern Goldfields. Whilst the greenstone rocks from the Norseman region can be broadly correlated with those of the Kalgoorlie-Kambalda region, they form a distinct lithology which is bounded on all sides by major regional shears.
The Mt Henry lode is an elongated ore body that is 1.9km long, 6-10 metres wide and dips 65-75 degrees towards the west ( Figure 4 ). The host rock is predominantly a banded iron formation (“BIF”) with minor meta-basalts and dolerites. Sulphide minerals range from trace to 10%. The predominant sulphide is pyrrhotite with minor pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite and marcasite.
The host rock of the Selene Resource is also a BIF which is intruded by numerous dolerite sills. The footwall contact is characterised by metamorphic sedimentary schist and the hanging wall by the overlying dolerites of the Woolyeener Formation. The Selene deposit extends for 1.3km along strike and extends 550 metres down-dip at a shallow angle of around 20 degrees. The lode thickens in the central part of the deposit up to a true thickness of 35 to 40 metres ( Figure 5 ).
The North Scotia Resource covers a strike length of 600 metres within Achaean mafic rocks of the Woolyeenyer Formation. The Woolyeenyer Formation is host to the auriferous quartz veins that have been mined in the Norseman district for 80 years. Gold mineralisation is hosted by laminated quartz veins that dip at around 70[0] towards the west. Sulphides present include pyrite and galena ( Figure 6) .
Figure 4 - Mt Henry Cross-Section @ 9350N
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Figure 5 – Selene Cross-Section @ 5000N
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Figure 6 – North Scotia Cross-Section @ 3200N
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Resources
The MHGP Mineral Resources have previously been reported in compliance with the 2012 JORC Code ( refer to ASX announcement of 30 September 2014 ). On a 100% project basis, the MHGP Mineral Resources total 43.2Mt @ 1.19g/t Au for 1.66Moz contained gold, at a 0.40g/t Au cut-off grade ( Table 3 ). Table 4 details the Mt Henry and Selene Resources reported at a cut-off grade of 0.6g/t and 1.0g/t respectively. The Mt Henry, Selene and North Scotia Resources remain open at depth.
Table 3 – MHGP Mineral Resource Summary on 100% Basis (0.40g/t Au cut-off grade)
| Indicated | Indicated | Inferred | Inferred | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deposit | Tonnes („000) |
Au (g/t) |
Tonnes („000) |
Au (g/t) |
Tonnes („000) |
Au (g/t) |
Ounces („000) |
| Mt Henry | 14,982 | 1.27 | 6,335 | 1.14 | 21,317 | 1.23 | 843 |
| Selene | 16,415 | 1.17 | 4,952 | 0.93 | 21,367 | 1.11 | 769 |
| North Scotia | 358 | 3.11 | 138 | 1.95 | 495 | 2.79 | 44 |
| Total | 31,755 | 1.24 | 11,425 | 1.06 | 43,180 | 1.19 | 1,656 |
Table 4 – MHGP Mineral Resource Summary on 100% Basis (0.60g/t Au and 1.0g/t Au cut-off grade)
| Cut-off Grade (g/t Au) |
Indicated | Indicated | Inferred | Inferred | **Total ** | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deposit | Tonnes („000) |
Au (g/t) |
Tonnes („000) |
Au (g/t) |
Tonnes („000) |
Au (g/t) |
Ounces („000) |
|
| 0.6 | Mt Henry | 12,545 | 1.39 | 5,128 | 1.23 | 17,673 | 1.34 | 761 |
| Selene | 12,282 | 1.36 | 3,190 | 1.10 | 15,473 | 1.31 | 652 | |
| Total | 24,827 | 1.38 | 8,318 | 1.18 | 33,146 | 1.33 | 1,413 | |
| 1.0 | Mt Henry | 6,269 | 1.81 | 3,164 | 1.65 | 9,434 | 1.76 | 533 |
| Selene | 8,592 | 1.61 | 2,358 | 1.31 | 10,950 | 1.55 | 546 | |
| **Total ** | **14,861 ** | 1.69 | 5,522 | 1.50 | **20,384 ** | 1.65 | 1,079 |
Mining and Reserves
The mine designs and mining schedules in the MHFS are based on 2012 JORC compliant Indicated and Inferred Mineral Resources for the Mt Henry, Selene and North Scotia ore bodies ( refer Appendix 1 and Appendix 2 ). The Mt Henry and Selene modelling optimisations were based on Resources reported at a 0.6g/t Au cut-off grade. Mining is based on production from the three open pits, using contract mining. The pit designs will be staged to optimise the delivery of ore to the process plant run-of-mine ore pad.
A Probable Reserve of 922,900oz of contained gold is reported for the project in Table 5, on a 100% project basis. Further relevant disclosures are detailed in Appendix 1 and Appendix 3. It is noted that Panoramic‟s equity share of the Ore Reserves is 70%.
Table 5 – MHGP Probable Reserve Summary (100% Basis)
| Proven | Proven | Probable | Probable | Total | Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metal | |||||||
| Reserve | Au | Tonnes | Au | Tonnes | Au | ||
| Tonnes | (Au oz) | ||||||
| (g/t) | („000) | (g/t) | („000) | (g/t) | |||
| Selene | - | - | 11,545 | 1.37 | 11,545 | 1.37 | 508,500 |
| Mt Henry | - | - | 8,496 | 1.45 | 8,496 | 1.45 | 395,500 |
| North Scotia | - | - | 179 | 3.30 | 179 | 3.30 | 18,900 |
| Total | - | - | 20,220 | 1.42 | 20,220 | 1.42 | 922,900 |
The average life of mine stripping ratio across all the open pits is 4.2 to 1 (waste to ore ratio). Conceptual pit shells were optimised at a gold price of A$1,470/oz (Mt Henry and Selene) and A$1,400/oz (North Scotia) using the Whittle software. A breakdown of the open pit Mining Inventory is shown in Table 6. Figures 7, 8 and 9 illustrate the design and waste dump layouts for the three open pits.
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Waste Management
The footwall of both the Mt Henry and Selene deposits is non-mineralised BIF, which is classified as potentially acid forming (“PAF”). The North Scotia deposit has no PAF material. The mining schedules are designed to ensure that all PAF waste is progressively encapsulated as it is mined. Figure 7 shows the Mt Henry open pit and waste dumps and Figure 8 shows the Selene open pit, waste dumps and the process plant tailings dam as an integrated waste landform combining encapsulation of the PAF waste with thickened tailings surrounded by NAF waste rock. Figure 9 shows the North Scotia open pit.
Table 6 – MHGP Mining Inventory Summary (100% Basis)
| Resource | Tonnes („000) | Mined Grade (g/t Au) | Contained Metal (Au oz) |
| Selene | 11,997 | 1.37 | 528,000 |
| Mt Henry | 8,965 | 1.44 | 415,000 |
| North Scotia | 179 | 3.29 | 18,000 |
| Total | 21,141 | 1.41 | 961,000 |
Figure 7 - Mt Henry Open Pit
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Waste Rock Dump
Waste Rock Dump
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Figure 8 – Selene Open Pit
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ROM Pad Waste Rock Dump
Waste Rock Dump
Waste Rock Dump & Tailings Dam
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Figure 9 – North Scotia Open Pit
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Waste Rock Dump
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Mining commences in Month 10 in the Selene open pit and a stockpile is built to allow the plant to be commissioned in Month 17 at 25% of its designed production rate (3Mtpa) and ramping up to 100% by Month 20. Total ore and waste mined increases to a maximum of ~600K BCM per month as shown in Figures 10 and 11.
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Figure 10 – MHGP Ore Production and Grade
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Mt Henry Project Ore Production Profile
500,000 2.50
Scotia North Ore Tonnes Mt Henry Ore Tonnes
Selene Ore Tonnes Mine Grade g/t
400,000 2.00
300,000 1.50
200,000 1.00
100,000 0.50
- -
10 16 22 28 34 40 46 52 58 64 70 76 82 88 94 100
Month
Mine grade Au g/t
Monthly Ore Production (t)
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Figure 11 – MHGP BCM movement
Mt Henry Project Earthmoving Schedule by pit
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800,000
North Scotia Mt Henry
600,000
Selene
400,000
200,000
-
10 16 22 28 34 40 46 52 58 64 70 76 82 88 94 100
Month
Volume per Month (BCM)
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Processing
An extensive metallurgical testwork program based on a range of core samples obtained from the 2013 drilling program was undertaken for the MHFS. Previous work by GR Engineering Services Ltd (“GR”) and others had indicated that the BIF ore was very competent. MHGP test work indicated ore would have Bond Ball Mill Work Indices in the range of 13.7-19.4kWhr/t and unconfined compressive strength (“UCS”) measurements in the range of 112-412Mpa for both Mt Henry and Selene ore. Recovery is related to grind size with recovery improving as grind size is reduced.
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CPC Engineering and Project Design (“CPC”) estimated the capital and operating costs for a conventional 3Mtpa whole ore grind CIL flowsheet consisting of:
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Three stage crushing of coarse run of mine ore to P80 10mm.
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Grinding circuit consisting of two large ball mills in series (each with installed power of 6300kW) with target primary grind size of P80 38µm.
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Dual Knelson gravity gold concentrators to ensure the maximum amount of gravity gold is recovered prior to the leaching circuit.
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Leaching and adsorption tanks providing pre-oxidation and a leaching time of 48 hours to maximise recovery.
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Thickening via a high rate above ground thickener to ensure maximum process water recovery ahead of the tailings storage facility (“TSF”) and hence minimise additional reagents required for make-up raw water from the borefield
-
Tailings disposal to TSF.
-
Gold recovery to dore via Zadra style stripping circuit combined with atmospheric electrowinning.
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Reagent mixing.
Extractive testwork results confirmed that at a 38µm grind, recoveries would be in the range of 90-93%. An average recovery of 90% has been used in the MHFS.
Capital Costs
Pre-development capital is estimated at A$161M out of a total capital cost of A$187M. Sustaining and closure capital costs over the mine life are estimated at A$26M. Infrastructure includes roads, fuel farm, administration buildings, water storage, laboratory, workshop, borefield, accommodation village and mobile equipment. A summary of the MHFS capital cost estimates are shown in Table 7.
Table 7 – MHFS Capital Cost Summary (100% Basis)
| Pre-production Capital (A$M) |
Total (A$M) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Item | Sustaining Closure (A$M) | ||
| Mining | 16 | 1 | 17 |
| Processing plant | 105 | - | 105 |
| Processinginfrastructure | 20 | - | 20 |
| Tailings facility | 3 | - | 3 |
| Mobile equipment | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Accommodation Village | 10 | - | 10 |
| Owners Costs(duringconstruction) | 6 | - | 6 |
| Sustaining | - | 6 | 6 |
| Closure | - | 18 | 18 |
| Total | 161 | 26 | 187 |
Panoramic believes that, due to the current market conditions within the WA resources sector, significant capital cost reductions may be possible, especially under competitive tender. No contingency has been applied to the capital costs, however the estimates are viewed as conservative.
Operating Costs
Open pit mining costs were based on estimates provided by a large established WA based mining contractor, after reviewing the proposed production schedules and rock property information (specific gravity, hardness and abrasion). Mining is based on conventional drill and blast on 5m and 10m benches with a combination of 200t and 100t excavators loading 100t capacity dump trucks. Ore is directly trucked to the ROM pad. Under a competitive bid situation, Panoramic would expect final mining rates to be lower.
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Process plant operating costs (reagents, grinding media, labour and power) were estimated by CPC. The Project is adjacent to the Kambalda to Esperance Gas Pipeline and discussions with the pipeline operator and investigation of the WA gas market indicate that sufficient gas will be available to generate power for the site. Processing costs are impacted by the work indices (hardness) of the ore and the quality of the bore field water for processing. A summary of the MHFS operating cost estimates is shown in Table 8.
Table 8 – MHFS Operating Cost Summary
| Total Cost (A$M) |
||
|---|---|---|
| Item | A$/t ore | |
| Total Mining (Contractor, MHGM salaries and Grade Control) | 343 | 16 |
| Processing | 510 | 24 |
| General and Administrative | 33 | 2 |
| Total | 886 | 42 |
The MHFS achieves a C1 operating cost of A$1,024/oz Au and an “all in sustaining cost” (“AISC”) of A$1,106/oz Au. Both measures are similar as all waste mined once processing commences is treated as an operating expense and minimal sustaining capital is required.
Panoramic believes that, due to the current market conditions within the WA resources sector, significant operating cost reductions may be possible. No contingency has been applied to the operating costs, however the estimates are conservative.
Environmental Studies and Permitting
A broad range of baseline studies has been undertaken to ensure that any potential impacts of the MHGP on the environment are minimised and can be effectively managed through good planning. Studies undertaken include (but are not limited to) flora and vegetation mapping, fauna (terrestrial, invertebrate and aquatic), waste characterisation of waste rock and tailings, groundwater studies (hydrogeology setting of the open pits, pit lake formation), design of a TSF and assessment of impacts of developing a groundwater supply. Additional studies included European and Aboriginal Heritage. Based on these studies, no material environmental issues have been identified.
A range of stakeholder consultation has been undertaken including the Department of Mines and Petroleum (DMP), Department of Environmental Regulation (DER), Department of Water (DoW) and the Shire of Dundas. The objective of site planning and scheduling is to ensure that all landforms are stable and non-polluting in the long term and that the risks of acid rock drainage are minimised.
A Mining Proposal is being prepared for submission to the DMP. Following a decision to mine, additional approvals will be required including, but not limited to, Works Approval from the DER, a license to take water and a licence to construct water bores.
Key Risks Cautionary Statements
A number of key risks have been identified that may impact (either positively or negatively) on the economics of the MHGP. These risks include, but are not limited to:
-
US$ Gold price and A$:US$ FX rate.
-
Capital and operating costs.
-
Processing optimisation and recoveries.
-
Project financing.
-
Regulatory approvals.
Next Steps
Panoramic is pleased and that the MHFS Base Case demonstrates a robust Project. The Company has already received indicative terms sheets from two Australian banks for debt financing of the project. These indicative term sheets indicate that a significant portion of the Project‟s development cost could be debt funded.
While the Joint Venture could proceed to financing and development of Mt Henry, the Company is exploring alternatives to maximise value for shareholders which could involve an IPO or trade sale and is making preparations in this regard.
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MHGP Resource and Reserve Material Information Summary
In accordance with the ASX Listing Rules, a fair and balanced representation of the information provided in Appendix 1 must also be presented in the body of the ASX announcement. That representation follows. This information applies only to the MHGP where a material change has occurred with the release of the maiden MHGP Ore Reserve. For completeness, a summary of each of the supporting Resource and Reserve disclosures is included in Appendix 2 and Appendix 3.
Sampling and Assaying
The deposits have been extensively sampled using Reverse Circulation (RC) and Diamond drilling (DD) techniques, and the drill grid spacing over the extent of the mineralisation is approximately 25m x 25m for Mt Henry, 40m x 40m for Selene and 20m x 20m for North Scotia. RC holes were sampled by collecting 1m samples and splitting then down using either on-board rig or manual riffle splitters to produce an assay sample of ~3kg size. Diamond holes are typically NQ2 (NQ for some historical holes) & occasionally HQ size and were sampled by cutting the core in half or quarter for the HQ core over geologically logged intervals between 20cm and 1m in length. Samples assayed by Panoramic have utilised the Fire Assay technique.
Geology and Geological Interpretation
There is a strong geological control to the mineralisation and interpretation at Mt Henry and Selene. The deposits are essentially strata hosted within a sheared Banded Iron Formation (BIF). The shear is essentially contiguous along the upper contact of the BIF and an overlying mafic unit. There is some interpreted supergene mineralisation in the northern extents of the deposit that is controlled by weathering horizons and typically cross cuts stratigraphy at shallow levels. The geological and grade continuity is strata controlled, there are series of late pegmatites that cross cut mineralisation and lithology. These pegmatites are generally unmineralised and have been modelled into the resource with a background grade of 0.1g/t Au.
Database
Logging was completed in logging code protected MS Excel templates and loaded into Panoramic‟s SQL Server database for validation and storage. Geological and assay information was printed on hard copy plans and visually validated against original logs and assay results to ensure the digital copy agrees with the original format. Data validation was completed internally in SQL Server by setting allowable and expected values. For Resource estimation a subset of the SQL Server database , restricting the data to the Mt Henry Resource area was exported into an MS Access database.
Estimation methodology
Grade estimation was completed using Ordinary Kriging (OK) in Surpac[TM] software. Variogram analysis and modelling was completed using Supervisor software. Two metre composites were generated from the drill hole database and then tagged according to mineralised wireframes generated at a 0.4g/t Au lower grade. The wireframe modelling conditions included a minimum downhole mineralisation width of 2m; internal dilution of up to 3m could be included if the entire intercept graded above 0.4 g/t Au. If dilution was greater than 3m then separate lodes were generated if geological/grade continuity was supported by nearby holes. Variogram models generated confirmed geological stratigraphy as the key controlling factor on mineralisation.
Cut-off Grade
The mineralisation wireframes for Resources were modelled on a gold lower grade cut-off of 0.4g/t Au. This value was determined by visual assessment of grade continuity in Surpac[TM] . Models were also generated at 0.6 g/t and 1.0g/t Au cut-off grades for comparison. Cut-off grades applied to the Ore Reserves reflect the marginal breakeven cost of ore production based on the planned throughput rate and processing cost and recovery parameters determined by the Feasibility Study. A value of 0.7g/t was used for Mt Henry and Selene. A value of 0.4g/t was used for North Scotia.
Mining Assumptions
The deposits all outcrop and will be mined as open pits. Open pits have been optimised using Whittle 4X software and all inputs were based on detailed studies. Excavation is by conventional dump truck and hydraulic excavator. Bench heights will vary from 5 to 10m. Overall pit slopes vary from 45 -55 degrees. Most of the pit wall exposures are in fresh, competent rock. At Selene and Mt Henry, mining dilution of 5% at a diluent grade of 0.5g/t has been included. No mining loss has been assumed. At North Scotia, 10% dilution at zero grade has been applied with no ore loss. Inferred Mineral Resource was included in pit optimisation and is reported in the Mining Inventory (4.4% of total) but is excluded from the Ore Reserve estimate.
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Metallurgical Assumptions
A standard Carbon in Leach (“CIL”) flowsheet for gold extraction is proposed to treat the ores of the Project. The flowsheet is designed to treated 3Mtpa and will consist of three stage crushing followed by whole ore grind to a target size of p80=38 µm. The process is well tested and extensively used throughout the industry. Metallurgical testwork was completed on representative samples from the three deposits. Samples were from a range of locations across the deposits. Metallurgical testwork consisted of determining a range of standard comminution factors such as UCS, abrasion index, Bond Rod and Ball Mill Work Indexes. Recovery (gravity plus leaching) varies slightly across the three deposits ranging from 90-93%. An average recovery of 90% has been used as the majority of the ore to be treated is primary in nature.
Revenue factors
Head grade is determined by the mining sequence and reflects the spatial variation within and between the three deposits. Costs are based on current quotations, designs and proposals and have been assumed to be constant for the life of mine (LOM). A gold price of A$1,500/oz has been used to report Reserves and economic outcomes of the MHFS. The price has been derived by reviewing a range of bank and broker forecasts for the US$ gold price and A$:US$ exchange rate.
Classification
The MHGP Probable Ore Reserve is based entirely on the MHGP Indicated Mineral Resource lying within the pit designs with appropriate modifying factors applied.
Disclaimer and Cautionary Statement
All statements other than those of historical facts included in this announcement are “forward-looking statements”. Where the Company expresses or implies an expectation or belief as to the future events or results, such expectation or belief is expressed in good faith and believed to have reasonable basis. However, forward-looking statements are subject to risk, uncertainties and other factors, which could cause actual results to differ materially from future results express, projected or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such risks include, but are not limited to Resource risk, gold and other metals price volatility, currency fluctuations, increased production costs and variance to ore grade or recovery rates from those assumed mining plans, as well as political and operational risk and governmental regulation and judicial outcomes. Readers should not place undue reliance on forward looking information. The Company does not undertake to update forward looking information, except in accordance with applicable securities laws.
About the Company
Panoramic Resources Limited (ASX code: PAN) is a Western Australian mining company formed in 2001 for the purpose of developing the Savannah Nickel Project in the East Kimberley. Panoramic successfully commissioned the $65 million Savannah Project in late 2004 and then in 2005 purchased and restarted the Lanfranchi Nickel Project, near Kambalda. In FY2014, the Company produced a record 22,256t contained nickel and is forecasting to produce approximately 19,500t contained nickel in FY2015.
Following the successful development of the nickel projects, the Company diversified its resource base to include gold and platinum group metals (PGM). The Gold Division consists of the Gidgee Project located near Wiluna and the Mt Henry Project (70% interest), near Norseman. Both projects are currently under feasibility study. The PGM Division consists of the Panton Project, located 60km south of the Savannah Project and the Thunder Bay North Project in Northern Ontario, Canada.
Panoramic has been a consistent dividend payer and has paid out a total of $111 million in fully franked dividends since 2008. At 31 March 2015, Panoramic had $61 million in cash, no bank debt and employed approximately 400 people.
The Company‟s vision is to broaden its exploration and production base, with the aim of becoming a major, diversified mining company in the S&P/ASX 100 Index. The growth path will include developing existing resources, discovering new ore bodies, acquiring additional projects and is being led by an experienced exploration-to-production team with a proven track record.
For further information contact: Peter Harold, Managing Director +61 8 6266 8600
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– Appendix 1 MHGP Resource, Reserve Tables and Competent Persons Statement
It is noted that the following Resource and Reserve tables are reported on a 70% equity basis, which reflects Panoramic‟s underlying ownership.
| Measured | Measured | Indicated | Indicated | Inferred | Inferred | Total | Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eit | Date of Resorce |
JORC Comliance |
Metal (A oz) |
||||||||||
| Resource | quy (%) |
Metal | Au | Au | Au | Au | |||||||
| u | p | Tonnes | (g/t) | Tonnes | (g/t) | Tonnes | (g/t) | Tonnes | (g/t) | u | |||
| Mt Henry Project | 70 | Gold | |||||||||||
| Selene Mt Henry North Scotia |
Jul-13 Jul-13 Jul-13 |
2012 2012 2012 |
- - - - - - |
11,491,000 1.17 10,487,000 1.27 250,000 3.11 |
3,466,000 0.93 4,435,000 1.14 97,000 1.95 |
14,957,000 14,922,000 347,000 |
1.11 535,900 1.23 590,800 2.79 31,100 |
||||||
| Total(Equity) | Gold | - | - | 37,461,000 | 1.67 | 10,683,000 | 1.37 | 48,144,000 | 1.60 | 2,483,100 | |||
The Mt Henry Gold Project (“MHGP”) Resources are reported on a 0.4g/t Au cut-off grade
The information in this report that relates to the MHGP Mineral Resources is based on information compiled by or reviewed by Andrew Bewsher (MAusIMM). Andrew Bewsher is a full time employee of BM Geological Services and has sufficient experience that is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity which he is undertaking to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of the JORC Code. Mr Bewsher consents to the inclusion in the report of the matters based on this information in the form and context in which it appears
| Proven | Proven | Probable | Probable | Total | Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eit | Date of R |
JORC Cli |
Metal A |
||||||||
| Reserve | quy % |
Metal | Au | Au | Au | ||||||
| () | eserve | ompance | Tonnes | (g/t) | Tonnes | (g/t) | Tonnes | (g/t) | (u oz) | ||
| Mt Henry Project | 70 | Gold | |||||||||
| Selene Mt Henry North Scotia |
May 2015 May 2015 May 2015 |
2012 2012 2012 |
- - - - - - |
8,081,500 1.37 5,947,200 1.45 125,300 3.30 |
8,081,500 5,947,200 125,300 |
1.37 355,950 1.45 276,850 3.30 13,230 |
|||||
| Total(Equity) | Gold | - | - | 14,154,000 | 1.42 | 14,154,000 | 1.42 | 646,030 | |||
A cut-off grade value of 0.7g/t Au was used for Mt Henry and Selene and 0.6g/t Au for North Scotia.
Information in this release relating to MHGP Ore Reserves has been completed by or reviewed by Christopher Williams (MAusIMM). Mr Williams is a full-time employee of Panoramic Resources Limited and is an indirect shareholder of Panoramic and Matsa Resources. Mr Williams also holds performance rights in relation to Panoramic Resources Limited. Mr Williams has sufficient experience that is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity which he is undertaking to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of the JORC Code. Mr Williams consents to the inclusion in the release of the matters based on his information in the form and context in which it appears
– Appendix 2 2012 JORC Resource Disclosures
Mt Henry Resource
Mt Henry Resource – Table 1, Section 1 - Sampling Techniques and Data (Criteria in this section apply to all succeeding sections.)
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sampling | | Nature and quality of sampling (eg cut channels, random | | The deposit has been extensively sampled using |
| techniques | chips, or specific specialised industry standard | Reverse Circulation (RC) and Diamond drilling (DD) | ||
| measurement tools appropriate to the minerals under | techniques. The Mt Henry (MH) resource database | |||
| investigation, such as down hole gamma sondes, or | subset contains 688 RC & DD holes for a total of | |||
| handheld XRF instruments, etc). These examples | 55,428m. Of this total 44 RC & DD holes totalling | |||
| should not be taken as limiting the broad meaning of | 6,522m were drill in 2013 by Panoramic as part of a | |||
| sampling. | Project feasibility study. In addition the database | |||
| | Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample | contains 221 RAB & Aircore holes (totalling 2,607m) | ||
| representivity and the appropriate calibration of any | which have not been used for resource estimation. | |||
| measurement tools or systems used. | | Thegrid drill spacingis typically25m * 25m over the |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| | Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are | extent of the mineralisation. | ||
| Material to the Public Report. | | RC holes were sampled by collecting 1m samples and | ||
| | In cases where „industry standard‟ work has been done | splitting then down using either on-board rig or manual | ||
| this would be relatively simple (eg „reverse circulation | riffle splitters to produce an assay sample of ~3kg size. | |||
| drilling was used to obtain 1 m samples from which 3 kg | | Diamond holes are typically NQ2 (NQ for some historical | ||
| was pulverised to produce a 30 g charge for fire assay‟). | holes) & occasionally HQ size and were sampled by | |||
| In other cases more explanation may be required, such | cutting the core in half or quarter for the HQ core over | |||
| as where there is coarse gold that has inherent sampling | geologically logged intervals between 20cm and 1m in | |||
| problems. Unusual commodities or mineralisation types | length. | |||
| (eg submarine nodules) may warrant disclosure of | | All (2,793) recent Panoramic resource assay samples | ||
| detailed information. | were submitted to SGS Laboratories in Perth for gold | |||
| analysis by FA50 (Fire Assay) technique. Of the 36,028 | ||||
| historical RC & DD gold assays in the database, 841 | ||||
| (2.3%) have an unrecorded technique or are by a | ||||
| technique other than Fire Assay. In addition results for | ||||
| 2,744 (7.1%) QAQC samples are recorded in the | ||||
| database. | ||||
| Drilling | | Drill type (eg core, reverse circulation, open-hole | | The drilling methods used on this deposit are |
| techniques | hammer, rotary air blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and | predominantly RC and DD drilling. The RC drilling was | ||
| details (eg core diameter, triple or standard tube, depth | typically completed using 5 ¼ inch hammers and recently | |||
| of diamond tails, face-sampling bit or other type, whether | 5 ¼ inch face sampling hammers. | |||
| core is oriented and if so, by what method, etc). | | The DD drilling was typically NQ (47.6mm), and more | ||
| recently NQ2 (50mm) and HQ (63.5mm) diameter core | ||||
| | HQ size core was typically drilled as geotechnical holes | |||
| from surface byPanoramic. | ||||
| Drill sample | | Method of recording and assessing core and chip sample | |
RC sample recoveries were monitored by Panoramic by |
| recovery | recoveries and results assessed. | recording visual estimates of the sample bags prior to | ||
| | Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and | sampling. Typical recoveries for RC were greater than | ||
| ensure representative nature of the samples. | 90%. | |||
| | Core recovery is noted during drilling and geological | |||
| logging processes as a percentage recovered vs. | ||||
| expected drill length. Core was reconstructed into | ||||
| continuous runs on a length of angle iron to enable | ||||
| accurate geological logging and estimation of core | ||||
| recovery. Core recovery is typically 100 percent. | ||||
| | Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery | | No apparent relationships were noted in relation to | |
| and grade and whether sample bias may have occurred | sample recovery and grade. | |||
| due to preferential loss/gain of fine/coarse material. | ||||
| Logging | | Whether core and chip samples have been geologically | | All drill holes in the MH resource database subset have |
| and geotechnically logged to a level of detail to support | been geologically logged. | |||
| appropriate Mineral Resource estimation, mining studies | | Both chip and core samples in recent Panoramic drill | ||
| and metallurgical studies. | holes have been logged using geological legends at | |||
| | Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. | detail to support geological confidence in Mineral | ||
| Core (or costean, channel, etc) photography. | Resource estimates. | |||
| | Logging details lithology, weathering, oxidation, veining, | |||
| mineralisation and structural features where noted in drill | ||||
| core. | ||||
| | The total length and percentage of the relevant | | All mineralised drill intersections and associated samples | |
| intersections logged. | have been logged in full. | |||
| Sub-sampling | | If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or | | Both historical NQ and recent NQ2 core was typically |
| techniques and | all core taken. | sawn in half and half core sampled. Recent HQ | ||
| sample | geotechnical core was quarter core sampled where | |||
| preparation | mineralised. Core sample lengths typically varied | |||
| between 0.2 and 1.0 metre. | ||||
| | If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc | |
The standard RC sample length is 1 metre with samples | |
| and whether sampled wet or dry. | collected directly from the rig cyclone system. The | |||
| individual 1m RC samples are then reduced to a 3-5kg | ||||
| assay sample by either automated on-board rig splitters | ||||
| or manually by riffle splitting. | ||||
| | For all sample types, the nature, quality and | | The sample preparation process for all samples | |
| appropriateness of the sample preparation technique. | submitted for analysis follow accepted industry | |||
| standards, including oven drying sample for a minimum | ||||
| of 8 hours, crushing and pulverising to 85% passing 75 | ||||
| microns. |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| | Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling | | Quality control procedures have included the insertion of | |
| stages to maximise representivity of samples. | standards, blanks and duplicates to monitor the sampling | |||
| | Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is | and analytical process. | ||
| representative of the in situ material collected, including | ||||
| for instance results for field duplicate/second-half | ||||
| sampling. | ||||
| | Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of | |
The sample sizes used are accepted industry standard | |
| the material being sampled. | sizes used extensively throughout the goldfields and are | |||
| appropriate for the style of deposit. | ||||
| Quality of assay | | The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying | | The standard analytical technique used is Fire Assay, |
| data and | and laboratory procedures used and whether the | mostly by AAS finished. Of the 38,821 RC & DD Au | ||
| laboratory tests | technique is considered partial or total. | assays in the MH resource database subset, 841 | ||
| historical assays (2.2%) do not have a recorded | ||||
| technique or are by technique other than Fire Assay. | ||||
| Where non gold analyses exist they are either by AAS or | ||||
| ICP OES determination. | ||||
| | For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF | | No other geophysical or analytical tools have been used | |
| instruments, etc, the parameters used in determining the | to estimate grade. | |||
| analysis including instrument make and model, reading | ||||
| times, calibrations factors applied and their derivation, | ||||
| etc. | ||||
| | Nature of quality control procedures adopted (eg | | QAQC has been completed routinely during all sampling | |
| standards, blanks, duplicates, external laboratory | throughout the life of the Project; though less so | |||
| checks) and whether acceptable levels of accuracy (ie | historically than more recently. The QAQC results | |||
| lack of bias) and precision have been established. | indicate that the RC and DD assays being used for | |||
| resource estimation are a fair representation of the | ||||
| material that has been sampled. | ||||
| Verification of | | The verification of significant intersections by either | | The deposit is very continuous in terms of mineralisation |
| sampling and | independent or alternative company personnel. | and grade intercepts. The continuity and consistency of | ||
| assaying | the grade intercepts in section and along strike provides | |||
| strong confidence in the verification of the grade and | ||||
| style of deposit. The similarity and consistency of | ||||
| intersections reported by past Project owners over many | ||||
| years is further verification of the reliability of the data. | ||||
| | The use of twinned holes. | | No recent twin holes were completed. Historical twin | |
| holes verified mineralisation continuity. In-fill verification | ||||
| holes were completed by Panoramic to test both | ||||
| geological and mineralisation continuity on selected | ||||
| sections. In each instance the expected geological and | ||||
| mineralogical interpretation was confirmed and no major | ||||
| discrepancies were identified. | ||||
| | Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, | | Logging was completed in logging code protected MS | |
| data verification, data storage (physical and electronic) | Excel templates on laptops and then imported into the | |||
| protocols. | Project SQL database for validation. Sections were then | |||
| generated and visual validation completed to ensure | ||||
| integrity of the data. | ||||
| | Discuss anyadjustment to assaydata. | | No adjustments were made to assaydata. | |
| Location of data | | Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes | | All recent drill collars and where possible historical drill |
| points | (collar and down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings | collars have been accurately located by differential GPS. | ||
| and other locations used in Mineral Resource estimation. | A range of down-hole survey instruments, including | |||
| single shot, electronic multi-shot and gyroscopic tools | ||||
| have been used. Gyroscopic surveys undertaken by | ||||
| Panoramic and previous companies demonstrate that | ||||
| holes do not deviate significantly from design. | ||||
| | Specification of the grid system used. | | The MH drill hole database contains local, AMG and | |
| MGA coordinates. The resource has been estimated in | ||||
| local grid which is rotated +1.079 degrees from MGA | ||||
| GDA94 zone 51. | ||||
| | Conversion from local grid to AMG AGD84 zone 51 is | |||
| based on a two point transformation: | ||||
| | 5000E, 14000N = 385844.34E, 6421899.31N | |||
| | 5000E, 6400N = 385701.32E, 6414302.52N | |||
| | Quality and adequacy of topographic control. | | Fugro 2.5m topographic contour data was the primary | |
| topographical control. Inplaces this was modified by |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| differential GPS height data. | ||||
| Data spacing | | Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results. | | The drilling density is on a nominal 25m by 25m spacing |
| and distribution | | Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient to | through the majority of the deposit. This spacing is | |
| establish the degree of geological and grade continuity | sufficient to provide strong geological and mineralogical | |||
| appropriate for the Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve | confidence in the style of deposit being estimated. | |||
| estimation procedure(s) and classifications applied. | ||||
| | Whether sample compositing has been applied. | | As a general rule sample compositing has not be used. | |
| Sample compositing of RC precollars outside the main | ||||
| mineralised zone was undertaken at times. | ||||
| Orientation of | | Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased | | Virtually all drilling has been completed perpendicular to |
| data in relation | sampling of possible structures and the extent to which | the main strike of the deposit geometry and angled to | ||
| to geological | this is known, considering the deposit type. | best intercept the west dipping mineralisation. | ||
| structure | | If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the | | No sampling bias is apparent from the direction of |
| orientation of key mineralised structures is considered to | drilling. | |||
| have introduced a sampling bias, this should be | ||||
| assessed and reported if material. | ||||
| Sample security | | The measures taken to ensure sample security. | | Little is known about the sample security practices |
| adopted by previous companies. Panoramic samples | ||||
| were freighted in sealed bulka-bags direct from site to the | ||||
| SGS Laboratoryin Perth. | ||||
| Audits or | | The results of any audits or reviews of sampling | | No audits or review of the Panoramic sampling |
| reviews | techniques and data. | procedures andprotocols has been completed. |
Mt Henry Resource – Table 1, Section 3 - Estimation and Reporting of Mineral Resources (Criteria listed in section 1, and where relevant in section 2, also apply to this section.)
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Database | | Measures taken to ensure that data has not been | | Logging was completed in logging code protected MS |
| integrity | corrupted by, for example, transcription or keying errors, | Excel templates and loaded into Panoramic‟s SQL | ||
| between its initial collection and its use for Mineral | Server database, with a “Datashed” software frontend, | |||
| Resource estimation purposes. | for validation and storage. | |||
| | Geological and assay information was printed on hard | |||
| copy plans and visually validated against original logs | ||||
| and assay results to ensure the digital copy agrees with | ||||
| the original format. | ||||
| | Data validation procedures used. | | Data validation was completed internally in SQL Server | |
| by setting allowable and expected values. Automated | ||||
| queries are run as the data is imported to ensure it meets | ||||
| specified criteria. | ||||
| | For resource estimation a subset of the SQL database, | |||
| restricting the data to the Mt Henry Resource area was | ||||
| exported into an MS Access database. Additional data | ||||
| checks were run to ensure appropriate data robustness | ||||
| for the Resource Estimation. | ||||
| Site visits | | Comment on any site visits undertaken by the Competent | |
No site visits were completed by BMGS. Panoramic staff |
| Person and the outcome of those visits. | managed the 2013 drilling program and were integral in | |||
| the development of the geological and mineralisation | ||||
| models. | ||||
| | If no site visits have been undertaken indicate why this is | | Site visits were not required as the documented | |
| the case. | procedures on the recent drilling were deemed | |||
| appropriate for the style of deposit and the historical | ||||
| drilling had been previously covered in a report released | ||||
| under JORC 2004guidelines. | ||||
| Geological | | Confidence in (or conversely, the uncertainty of ) the | | There is high confidence in the geological understanding |
| interpretation | geological interpretation of the mineral deposit. | of the deposit. There is a strong relationship between | ||
| grade and a particular stratigraphical unit. The gold | ||||
| mineralisation is of a consistent grade and 2m | ||||
| composites generated of the mineralised zone showed a | ||||
| very good coefficient of variation (<1.5 using a 0.4g/t | ||||
| grade shell envelope) | ||||
| | Nature of the data used and of any assumptions made. | | The data used for the resource estimate was from RC | |
| and diamond drilling. Raw assays, typically representing | ||||
| a 1m sample length, were composited to 2m to provide | ||||
| equal sample weights and reduce grade variance. | ||||
| | The effect,if any,of alternative interpretations on Mineral | |
Three separate mineralised envelopes were considered; |
Page 19 of 40
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resource estimation. | grade shells at 0.4, 0.6 and 1.0g/t Au were developed | |||
| and respective estimates run for each grade shell. It was | ||||
| established through validation of the models that the | ||||
| 0.4g/t Au model was the most representative of grade | ||||
| expected in the mining environment. . | ||||
| | The use of geology in guiding and controlling Mineral | | There is a strong geological control to the mineralisation | |
| Resource estimation. | interpretation. The deposit is essentially strata hosted | |||
| within a sheared Banded Iron Formation (BIF). The | ||||
| shear is essentially contiguous along the upper contact of | ||||
| the BIF and an overlying mafic unit. There is some | ||||
| interpreted supergene mineralisation in the northern | ||||
| extents of the deposit that is controlled by weathering | ||||
| horizons and typically cross cuts stratigraphy at shallow | ||||
| levels. | ||||
| | The factors affecting continuity both of grade and | | The geological and grade continuity is strata controlled, | |
| geology. | there are series of late pegmatites that cross cut | |||
| mineralisation and lithology. These pegmatites are | ||||
| generally unmineralised and have been modelled into the | ||||
| resource as background 0.1g/tgoldgrade. | ||||
| Dimensions | | The extent and variability of the Mineral Resource | | The Mt Henry mineralised domain is approximately 2km |
| expressed as length (along strike or otherwise), plan | long and has a down dip extent of 280m and is open at | |||
| width, and depth below surface to the upper and lower | depth. The deposit consists of a main lode that varies | |||
| limits of the Mineral Resource. | between 3m and 40m thick with numerous parallel lodes | |||
| at various stages alongthe length of the deposit. | ||||
| Estimation and | | The nature and appropriateness of the estimation | | Grade estimation of Mt Henry deposit was completed |
| modelling | technique(s) applied and key assumptions, including | using Ordinary kriging (OK) in Surpac software. | ||
| techniques | treatment of extreme grade values, domaining, | Variogram analysis and modelling was completed using | ||
| interpolation parameters and maximum distance of | Supervisor software. Two metre composites were | |||
| extrapolation from data points. If a computer assisted | generated from the drill hole database and then tagged | |||
| estimation method was chosen include a description of | according to mineralised wireframes generated at a | |||
| computer software and parameters used. | 0.4g/t lower gold grade. The wireframe modelling | |||
| conditions included a minimum downhole mineralisation | ||||
| width of 2m; internal dilution of up to 3m could be | ||||
| included if the entire intercept graded above 0.4 g/t. If | ||||
| dilution was greater than 3m then separate lodes were | ||||
| generated if geological/grade continuity was supported | ||||
| by nearby holes. The coded composites were reviewed | ||||
| in Supervisor; top cut analysis was completed using | ||||
| disintegration analysis and the impacts the cuts made to | ||||
| the coefficient of variation. One outlying grade at 1810g/t | ||||
| was cut to 100g/t. The cut dataset was then normal | ||||
| scores transformed to generate variogram models. | ||||
| Variogram models generated confirmed geological | ||||
| stratigraphy as the key controlling factor on | ||||
| mineralisation. The variogram models had moderate to | ||||
| low nuggets with a range of maximum continuity along | ||||
| main axis of 73m. | ||||
| | The availability of check estimates, previous estimates | | A previous estimate of the Mt Henry deposit was | |
| and/or mine production records and whether the Mineral | completed in 2009. This was used as a guide and | |||
| Resource estimate takes appropriate account of such | comparative tools for validation purposes with the current | |||
| data. | estimate. | |||
| | The assumptions made regarding recovery of by- | | No assumptions have been made about gold grade | |
| products. | recovery or the recovery of related by products. | |||
| | Estimation of deleterious elements or other non-grade | | A review of deleterious elements or other non-grade | |
| variables of economic significance (eg sulphur for acid | variables was undertaken. It was decided that there was | |||
| mine drainage characterisation). | insufficient data on other elements to reliably estimate | |||
| their distribution. Regression analysis conducted | ||||
| between Au, and Fe, Cu, S and As found no correlation. | ||||
| | In the case of block model interpolation, the block size in | | The block model was constructed with a parent cell size | |
| relation to the average sample spacing and the search | of 20m Y, 10m X, and 10m Z with subcelling to 10m Y, | |||
| employed. | 2.5m X, and 2.5m Z. All estimations completed at the | |||
| parent cell resolution. Data spacing is typically on 25m | ||||
| sections for the southern section of the deposit with the | ||||
| northern extents stepping down to 20m sections. Drill | ||||
| spacing across sections is typically 20m. The size of the | ||||
| initial search ellipse was based on the variographywith a |
Page 20 of 40
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cascading four pass estimation used to populate cells. | ||||
| The first estimation pass used a minimum of 12 and | ||||
| maximum of 32 samples with no octants constraints of | ||||
| the ellipse preventing estimation. The search criteria | ||||
| were then changed for the remaining estimation passes. | ||||
| | Any assumptions behind modelling of selective mining | | The composites were generated at 2m downhole and the | |
| units. | ore wireframes were maintained at a minimum width of | |||
| 2m downhole in order to represent a likely minimum | ||||
| mining width, assuming open pit mining operations using | ||||
| 120 tonne excavators. | ||||
| | Any assumptions about correlation between variables. | | No correlations between grade variables have been | |
| assumed. | ||||
| | Description of how the geological interpretation was used | |
The geology of the deposit is similar in many respects to | |
| to control the resource estimates. | the nearby Selene Deposit. Mineralisation is confined to | |||
| a series of shears within the silicate facies, Banded Iron | ||||
| Formation (Noganyer Formation). The footwall to the BIF | ||||
| is a metamorphic sedimentary schist unit and the | ||||
| hanging wall is defined by mafic flows and dykes of the | ||||
| Woolyeener Formation. The vast majority of the | ||||
| mineralisation is confined to a single shear running | ||||
| contiguously along the upper contact of the BIF | ||||
| Noganyer Formation and the overlying Woolyeener | ||||
| Formation. The mineralisation interpretation is consistent | ||||
| with the shape and continuity of this BIF unit contact | ||||
| zone. | ||||
| | Discussion of basis for using or not using grade cutting or | |||
| capping. | ||||
| | The process of validation, the checking process used, | | Validation of the resource estimate was completed by | |
| the comparison of model data to drill hole data, and use | onscreen visual validation of block grades vs. drill hole | |||
| of reconciliation data if available. | assays in sectional view. Line graphs were also | |||
| generated to show comparison between composite input | ||||
| grades and output block grades over 50m intervals on | ||||
| Northing spacings and 10m bench heights in elevation, | ||||
| through the entire deposit to ensure the composite data | ||||
| was being accurately reflected in the model. The model | ||||
| was also compared with historical estimate to ensure | ||||
| report figures were sensible. | ||||
| Moisture | | Whether the tonnages are estimated on a dry basis or | | The tonnages are reported as dry tonnes. Sample |
| with natural moisture, and the method of determination of | preparation process involved drying the samples for 8hrs | |||
| the moisture content. | prior to analysis. | |||
| Cut-off | | The basis of the adopted cut-off grade(s) or quality | | The mineralisation wireframes were modelled on a gold |
| parameters | parameters applied. | lower grade cut-off of 0.4g/t Au. This value was | ||
| determined by visual assessment of grade continuity in | ||||
| SurpacTM. Models were also generated at 0.6 g/t and | ||||
| 1.0g/t Au cut-offgrades for comparison. | ||||
| Mining factors or | |
Assumptions made regarding possible mining methods, | | The Mt Henry deposit has been modelled under the |
| assumptions | minimum mining dimensions and internal (or, if | assumption that it will be mined by conventional open pit | ||
| applicable, external) mining dilution. It is always | mining methods, using excavators and trucks. This | |||
| necessary as part of the process of determining | would typically entail 5m bench heights with 2.5m flitches | |||
| reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction to | and use of 120 tonne excavators with a bucket of | |||
| consider potential mining methods, but the assumptions | approximately 2m width. Mineralisation wireframes were | |||
| made regarding mining methods and parameters when | constructed based on minimum thickness of 2m | |||
| estimating Mineral Resources may not always be | downhole in order to replicate the smallest possible | |||
| rigorous. Where this is the case, this should be reported | mining selectivity. | |||
| with an explanation of the basis of the mining | ||||
| assumptions made. | ||||
| Metallurgical | | The basis for assumptions or predictions regarding | | No metallurgical assumptions have been made in respect |
| factors or | metallurgical amenability. It is always necessary as part | to the generation of the estimate however recent | ||
| assumptions | of the process of determining reasonable prospects for | metallurgical test work had been performed as part of a | ||
| eventual economic extraction to consider potential | feasibility study of the greater Mt Henry gold project | |||
| metallurgical methods, but the assumptions regarding | being undertaken by Panoramic. This work has shown | |||
| metallurgical treatment processes and parameters made | that recoveries greater than 90% Au can be achieved | |||
| when reporting Mineral Resources may not always be | using conventional CIL extraction methods. | |||
| rigorous. Where this is the case,this should be reported |
Page 21 of 40
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| with an explanation of the basis of the metallurgical | ||||
| assumptions made. | ||||
| Environmental | | Assumptions made regarding possible waste and | | The current data available doesn‟t suggest there are any |
| factors or | process residue disposal options. It is always necessary | high-level environmental risks with mined waste by- | ||
| assumptions | as part of the process of determining reasonable | products. If mining were to commence all statutory | ||
| prospects for eventual economic extraction to consider | requirements would be implemented to comply with | |||
| the potential environmental impacts of the mining and | waste by-product management. | |||
| processing operation. While at this stage the | ||||
| determination of potential environmental impacts, | ||||
| particularly for a greenfields project, may not always be | ||||
| well advanced, the status of early consideration of these | ||||
| potential environmental impacts should be reported. | ||||
| Where these aspects have not been considered this | ||||
| should be reported with an explanation of the | ||||
| environmental assumptions made. | ||||
| Bulk density | | Whether assumed or determined. If assumed, the basis | | A total of 2,501 bulk density (BD) determinations are |
| for the assumptions. If determined, the method used, | recorded in the Mt Henry resource database subset. | |||
| whether wet or dry, the frequency of the measurements, | Panoramic completed most of these with measurements | |||
| the nature, size and representativeness of the samples. | on 2,104 whole core samples by Archimedes water | |||
| immersion method. There are a small number of | ||||
| historical measurements by pycnometer (7HENC115 & | ||||
| 7HENC116 for 54 samples) and down hole geophysical | ||||
| tool (NHC127, NHD120 and NHD121 for 343 one metre | ||||
| intervals). This data was used to generate a default SG | ||||
| for all lithological types. The default was then assigned | ||||
| to unmeasured intervals, and the density was estimated. | ||||
| | The bulk density for bulk material must have been | | The host rock type for mineralisation and surrounding | |
| measured by methods that adequately account for void | mafic material is non-porous and void space porosity is | |||
| spaces (vugs, porosity, etc), moisture and differences | not considered to be of relevance to the measurements. | |||
| between rock and alteration zones within the deposit. | | BD estimation for the resource was generated by | ||
| | Discuss assumptions for bulk density estimates used in | grouping the 2501 recorded measurements by rock type | ||
| the evaluation process of the different materials. | to provide an average SG for each of the main | |||
| lithological rock types. The assay table in the database | ||||
| was tagged with the actual BD or an average value | ||||
| based on rock type grouped average. The BD value was | ||||
| then extracted with the Au grade in the 2m composite | ||||
| file. The densities were estimated using the Variogram | ||||
| models and searchparameters for the various domains. | ||||
| Classification | | The basis for the classification of the Mineral Resources | | The classification of the resource has been based on the |
| into varying confidence categories. | Competent Person‟s strong confidence in the geological | |||
| | Whether appropriate account has been taken of all | model; weighted by the strong geological confidence with | ||
| relevant factors (ie relative confidence in tonnage/grade | 2525m spaced RC and diamond drilling and 20m20m | |||
| estimations, reliability of input data, confidence in | spaced drilling through northern extents of deposit and | |||
| continuity of geology and metal values, quality, quantity | the demonstrable consistency and continuity of the | |||
| and distribution of the data). | mineralisation (gold mineralisation is highly continuous | |||
| over a 2.0km strike length and is strata bound). | ||||
| | Whether the result appropriately reflects the Competent | | The mineral resource reflects the competent person‟s | |
| Person‟s view of the deposit. | view of the deposit. | |||
| Audits or | | The results of any audits or reviews of Mineral Resource | | Apart from BMGS‟s own internal audit process no audits |
| reviews | estimates. | or reviews of the Mineral Resource estimate have been | ||
| completed. | ||||
| Discussion of | | Where appropriate a statement of the relative accuracy | | The resource classification is based on standard |
| relative | and confidence level in the Mineral Resource estimate | practices and guidelines as prescribed in the 2012 JORC | ||
| accuracy/ | using an approach or procedure deemed appropriate by | Code. | ||
| confidence | the Competent Person. For example, the application of | |||
| statistical or geostatistical procedures to quantify the | ||||
| relative accuracy of the resource within stated confidence | ||||
| limits, or, if such an approach is not deemed appropriate, | ||||
| a qualitative discussion of the factors that could affect the | ||||
| relative accuracy and confidence of the estimate. | ||||
| | The statement should specify whether it relates to global | |||
| or local estimates, and, if local, state the relevant | | The resource estimate relates to a global estimate of | ||
| tonnages, which should be relevant to technical and | tonnes and grade. | |||
| economic evaluation. Documentation should include | ||||
| assumptions made and theprocedures used. |
Page 22 of 40
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| | These statements of relative accuracy and confidence of | | No reliable production data exists for the small open pit | |
| the estimate should be compared with production data, | operated within the confines of the Mt Henry resource by | |||
| where available. | Australis Mining in the 1980s to compare with this | |||
| resource estimate. |
North Scotia Resource
North Scotia Resource – Table 1, Section 1 - Sampling Techniques and Data (Criteria in this section apply to all succeeding sections.)
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sampling | | Nature and quality of sampling (eg cut channels, random | | The deposit has been extensively sampled using |
| techniques | chips, or specific specialised industry standard | Reverse Circulation (RC) and Diamond drilling (DD) | ||
| measurement tools appropriate to the minerals under | techniques. The North Scotia (NS) database resource | |||
| investigation, such as down hole gamma sondes, or | subset contains 193 RC & DD holes for a total of | |||
| handheld XRF instruments, etc). These examples | 13,573m. Of this total 16 RC & DD holes totalling | |||
| should not be taken as limiting the broad meaning of | 933.5m were drill in 2013 by Panoramic as part of a Mt | |||
| sampling. | Henry Project feasibility study. In addition the database | |||
| | Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample | contains 155 Aircore (totalling 2,915m) which have not | ||
| representivity and the appropriate calibration of any | been used for resource estimation. | |||
| measurement tools or systems used. | | The drill spacing is typically 20m *20m grid spacing over | ||
| | Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are | the extent of the mineralisation. | ||
| Material to the Public Report. | | RC holes were sampled by collecting 1m samples and | ||
| | In cases where „industry standard‟ work has been done | splitting these down using either on-board rig or manual | ||
| this would be relatively simple (eg „reverse circulation | riffle splitters to produce an assay sample of~3kg. | |||
| drilling was used to obtain 1 m samples from which 3 kg | | Diamond holes were typically NQ2 & occasionally HQ in | ||
| was pulverised to produce a 30 g charge for fire assay‟). | size and were sampled by cutting the core in half or | |||
| In other cases more explanation may be required, such | quarter for the HQ core over geologically logged intervals | |||
| as where there is coarse gold that has inherent sampling | between 20cm and 1m in length. | |||
| problems. Unusual commodities or mineralisation types | | All (579) recent Panoramic resource assay samples were | ||
| (eg submarine nodules) may warrant disclosure of | submitted to SGS Laboratories in Perth for gold analysis | |||
| detailed information. | by FA50 (Fire Assay) technique. Of the 11,753 historical | |||
| RC & DD gold assays in the database, 1,430 (12.2%) | ||||
| have an unrecorded technique or are by a technique | ||||
| other than Fire Assay. In addition results for 1,353 | ||||
| (11.0%) QAQC samples are recorded in the database. | ||||
| Drilling | | Drill type (eg core, reverse circulation, open-hole | | The drilling methods used on this deposit are |
| techniques | hammer, rotary air blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and | predominantly RC and DD drilling. The RC drilling was | ||
| details (eg core diameter, triple or standard tube, depth | typically completed using a 5 ¼ inch hammer and | |||
| of diamond tails, face-sampling bit or other type, whether | recently 5 ¼ inch face sampling hammers. | |||
| core is oriented and if so, by what method, etc). | | The DD drilling was typically NQ (47.6mm), and more | ||
| recently NQ2 (50mm) and HQ (63.5mm) diameter core | ||||
| | HQ size core was typically drilled as geotechnical holes | |||
| from surface byPanoramic. | ||||
| Drill sample | | Method of recording and assessing core and chip sample | |
RC sample recoveries were monitored by Panoramic by |
| recovery | recoveries and results assessed. | recording visual estimates of the sample bags prior to | ||
| | Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and | sampling. Typical recoveries for RC were greater than | ||
| ensure representative nature of the samples. | 90%. | |||
| | Core recovery is noted during drilling and geological | |||
| logging processes as a percentage recovered vs. | ||||
| expected drill length. Core was reconstructed into | ||||
| continuous runs on a length of angle iron to enable | ||||
| accurate geological logging and estimation of core | ||||
| recovery. Core recovery is typically 100 percent. | ||||
| | Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery | | No apparent relationships were noted in relation to | |
| and grade and whether sample bias may have occurred | sample recovery and grade. | |||
| due topreferential loss/gain of fine/coarse material. | ||||
| Logging | | Whether core and chip samples have been geologically | | All drill holes in the NS resource database have been |
| and geotechnically logged to a level of detail to support | geologically logged. | |||
| appropriate Mineral Resource estimation, mining studies | | Both chip and core samples in recent Panoramic drill | ||
| and metallurgical studies. | holes have been logged using geological legends at | |||
| | Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. | detail to support geological confidence in Mineral | ||
| Core (or costean, channel, etc) photography. | Resource estimates. | |||
| | Loggingdetails lithology,weathering,oxidation,veining, |
Page 23 of 40
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mineralisation and structural features where noted in drill | ||||
| core. | ||||
| | The total length and percentage of the relevant | | All mineralised drill intersections and associated samples | |
| intersections logged. | have been logged in full. | |||
| Sub-sampling | | If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or | | Both historical NQ and recent NQ2 core was typically |
| techniques and | all core taken. | sawn and half core sampled. Recent HQ geotechnical | ||
| sample | core was quarter core sampled where mineralized. Core | |||
| preparation | sample lengths typically varied between 0.2 and 1.0 | |||
| metre. | ||||
| | If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc | |
The standard RC sample length is 1 metre with samples | |
| and whether sampled wet or dry. | collected directly from the rig cyclone system. The | |||
| individual 1m RC samples are then reduced to a 3-5kg | ||||
| assay sample by either automated on-board rig splitters | ||||
| or manually by riffle splitting. | ||||
| | For all sample types, the nature, quality and | | The sample preparation process for all samples | |
| appropriateness of the sample preparation technique. | submitted for analysis follow accepted industry | |||
| standards, including oven drying sample for a minimum | ||||
| of 8 hours, crushing and pulverising to 85% passing 75 | ||||
| microns. | ||||
| | Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling | | Quality control procedures have included the insertion of | |
| stages to maximise representivity of samples. | standards, blanks and duplicates to monitor the sampling | |||
| | Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is | and analytical process. | ||
| representative of the in situ material collected, including | ||||
| for instance results for field duplicate/second-half | ||||
| sampling. | ||||
| | Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of | |
The sample sizes used are industry standard sizes used | |
| the material being sampled. | extensively throughout the goldfields and are appropriate | |||
| for the style of deposit. | ||||
| Quality of assay | | The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying | | The standard analytical technique used is Fire Assay, |
| data and | and laboratory procedures used and whether the | mostly by AAS finish. Of the 12,332 RC & DD Au assays | ||
| laboratory tests | technique is considered partial or total. | in the NS resource database 1,430 historical assays | ||
| (11.6%) do not have a recorded technique or are by | ||||
| technique other than Fire Assay. Where non gold | ||||
| analyses exist they are either by AAS or ICP OES | ||||
| determination. | ||||
| | For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF | | No other geophysical or analytical tools have been used | |
| instruments, etc, the parameters used in determining the | to estimate grade. | |||
| analysis including instrument make and model, reading | ||||
| times, calibrations factors applied and their derivation, | ||||
| etc. | ||||
| | Nature of quality control procedures adopted (eg | | QAQC has been completed routinely during all sampling | |
| standards, blanks, duplicates, external laboratory | throughout the life of the Project; though less so | |||
| checks) and whether acceptable levels of accuracy (ie | historically than more recently. The QAQC results | |||
| lack of bias) and precision have been established. | indicate that the RC and DD assays being used for | |||
| resource estimation are a fair representation of the | ||||
| material that has been sampled. | ||||
| Verification of | | The verification of significant intersections by either | | The North Scotia deposit is a classic “Norseman style |
| sampling and | independent or alternative company personnel. | quartz vein” type. Gold mineralisation is nuggetty within | ||
| assaying | the veins with coarse visible gold not uncommon. | |||
| | The use of twinned holes. | | No recent twin holes were completed. In-fill verification | |
| holes were completed by Panoramic to test both | ||||
| geological and mineralisation continuity on selected | ||||
| sections. In most instances the expected geological and | ||||
| mineralogical interpretation was confirmed and no major | ||||
| discrepancies were identified. | ||||
| | Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, | | Logging was completed in logging code protected MS | |
| data verification, data storage (physical and electronic) | Excel templates on laptops and then imported into the | |||
| protocols. | Project SQL database for validation. Sections were then | |||
| generated and visual validation completed to ensure | ||||
| integrity of the data. | ||||
| | Discuss anyadjustment to assaydata. | | No adjustments were made to assaydata. | |
| Location of data | | Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes | | All recent drill collars and where possible historical drill |
| points | (collar and down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings | collars have been accurately located by differential GPS. | ||
| and other locations used in Mineral Resource estimation. | A range of down-hole survey instruments, including | |||
| single shot,electronic multi-shot andgyroscopic tools |
Page 24 of 40
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| have been used. Gyroscopic surveys undertaken by | ||||
| Panoramic and previous companies demonstrate that | ||||
| holes do not deviate significantly from design. | ||||
| | Specification of the grid system used. | | The NS drill hole database subset contains local, AMG | |
| and MGA coordinates. The resource has been estimated | ||||
| in local grid which is rotated +1.079 degrees from | ||||
| MGA_GDA94 zone 51. | ||||
| | Conversion from local grid to AMG AGD84 zone 51 is | |||
| based on a two point transformation: | ||||
| | 5000E, 14000N = 385844.34E, 6421899.31N | |||
| | 5000E, 6400N = 385701.32E, 6414302.52N | |||
| | Quality and adequacy of topographic control. | | Fugro 2.5m topographic contour data was the primary | |
| topographical control. In places this was modified by | ||||
| differential GPS height data. | ||||
| Data spacing | | Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results. | | The drilling density is on a nominal 20m by 20m spacing |
| and distribution | | Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient to | through the majority of the deposit. This spacing is | |
| establish the degree of geological and grade continuity | sufficient to provide strong geological and mineralogical | |||
| appropriate for the Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve | confidence in the style of deposit being estimated. | |||
| estimation procedure(s) and classifications applied. | ||||
| | Whether sample compositing has been applied. | | As a general rule sample compositing has not be used. | |
| Sample compositing of RC precollars outside the main | ||||
| mineralized zone was undertaken at times. | ||||
| Orientation of | | Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased | | Virtually all drilling has been completed perpendicular to |
| data in relation | sampling of possible structures and the extent to which | the main strike of the deposit geometry and angled to | ||
| to geological | this is known, considering the deposit type. | best intercept the west dipping mineralized vein system. | ||
| structure | | If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the | | No sampling bias is apparent from the direction of |
| orientation of key mineralised structures is considered to | drilling. | |||
| have introduced a sampling bias, this should be | ||||
| assessed and reported if material. | ||||
| Sample security | | The measures taken to ensure sample security. | | Little is known about the sample security practices |
| adopted by previous companies. Panoramic samples | ||||
| were freighted in sealed bulka-bags direct from site to the | ||||
| SGS Laboratoryin Perth. | ||||
| Audits or | | The results of any audits or reviews of sampling | | No audits or review of the Panoramic sampling |
| reviews | techniques and data. | procedures andprotocols has been completed. | ||
| North Scotia Resource – Table 1, Section 3 - Estimation and Reporting of Mineral Resources | ||||
| (Criteria listed in | section 1, and where relevant in section 2, also apply to this section.) |
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Database | | Measures taken to ensure that data has not been | | Logging was completed in logging code protected MS |
| integrity | corrupted by, for example, transcription or keying errors, | Excel templates and loaded into Panoramic‟s SQL | ||
| between its initial collection and its use for Mineral | Server database, with a “Datashed” software frontend, | |||
| Resource estimation purposes. | for validation and storage. | |||
| | All geological and assay information was printed on hard | |||
| copy plans and visually validated against original logs | ||||
| and assay results to ensure the digital copy agrees with | ||||
| the original format. | ||||
| | Data validation procedures used. | | Data validation was completed internally in SQL Server | |
| by setting allowable and expected values. Automated | ||||
| queries are run as the data is imported to ensure it meets | ||||
| specified criteria. | ||||
| | For resource estimation a subset of the SQL database, | |||
| restricting the data to the North Scotia Resource area | ||||
| was exported into MS Access database. Additional data | ||||
| checks were run to ensure appropriate data robustness | ||||
| for the Resource Estimation. | ||||
| Site visits | | Comment on any site visits undertaken by the Competent | |
No site visits were completed by BMGS. Panoramic staff |
| Person and the outcome of those visits. | managed the 2013 drilling program. The new | |||
| interpretation was constructed by using the original Cube | ||||
| 2009 wireframes and adjusting the shapes based on the | ||||
| new drill results. | ||||
| | If no site visits have been undertaken indicate why this is | | Site visits were not required as the documented | |
| the case. | procedures on the recent drilling were deemed | |||
| appropriate for the style of deposit and the historical |
Page 25 of 40
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| drilling had been previously covered in a report released | ||||
| under JORC 2004guidelines. | ||||
| Geological | | Confidence in (or conversely, the uncertainty of) the | | There is moderate confidence in the deposit. The |
| interpretation | geological interpretation of the mineral deposit. | deposit is a structurally controlled auriferous quartz vein | ||
| system. The deposit has a high grade nuggetty nature; | ||||
| the nuggetty gold mineralisation is disseminated | ||||
| throughout one to five metre wide laminated quartz veins | ||||
| that dip around 70° towards the west. Minor pyrite and | ||||
| galena is also present in the veins. | ||||
| | Nature of the data used and of any assumptions made. | | The data used for the resource estimate was from RC | |
| and diamond drilling. Raw assays were composited to | ||||
| 2m to provide equal sample weights and reduce grade | ||||
| variance. | ||||
| | The effect, if any, of alternative interpretations on Mineral | |
No alternative interpretations were considered. | |
| Resource estimation. | ||||
| | The use of geology in guiding and controlling Mineral | | The geological logging was used to generate the | |
| Resource estimation. | interpretation. Vein/mineralisation wireframes were | |||
| allowed to pass through sub-mineralised drill hole zones | ||||
| where the Quartz veining was logged but returned little to | ||||
| barren grades. It is believed this method is acceptable, | ||||
| as long as the block data is reflective of the raw data on | ||||
| a localised scale. | ||||
| | The factors affecting continuity both of grade and | | The mineralisation is vein hosted, typically around 2 to | |
| geology. | 5metre wide zones, continuity along strike appears to be | |||
| reasonable and there appears to be some slight dilational | ||||
| jogs, which is observed within the geology of the | ||||
| historical Scotia pit (commentary provided by Panoramic | ||||
| Geologist). | ||||
| Dimensions | | The extent and variability of the Mineral Resource | | The North Scotia mineralized domain is approximately |
| expressed as length (along strike or otherwise), plan | 450m long and has a down dip of extent of 110m and is | |||
| width, and depth below surface to the upper and lower | open at depth. The deposit consists of multiple NNE | |||
| limits of the Mineral Resource. | trending quartz lodes that vary between 1m and 5m in | |||
| true thickness with numerous thinner parallel lodes at | ||||
| various stages alongthe length of the deposit. | ||||
| Estimation and | | The nature and appropriateness of the estimation | | Grade estimation of North Scotia deposit was completed |
| modelling | technique(s) applied and key assumptions, including | using Ordinary Kriging (OK) in SurpacTMsoftware. | ||
| techniques | treatment of extreme grade values, domaining, | Variogram analysis and modelling was completed using | ||
| interpolation parameters and maximum distance of | supervisor software. Two meter composites were | |||
| extrapolation from data points. If a computer assisted | generated from the drill hole database and then tagged | |||
| estimation method was chosen include a description of | according to mineralized wireframes generated at a | |||
| computer software and parameters used. | 0.8g/t gold grade. The wireframe modelling conditions | |||
| included, a minimum downhole width of 2 meters of | ||||
| mineralisation, internal dilution of up to 2m downhole | ||||
| could be included if the entire intercept graded above 0.8 | ||||
| g/t. If dilution was greater than 2m then separate lodes | ||||
| were generated. | ||||
| | The coded composites were reviewed in Supervisor; top- | |||
| cut analysis was completed using disintegration analysis | ||||
| and the use of coefficient of variation statistics. Top-cuts | ||||
| were applied on a domain basis with a maximum top-cut | ||||
| of 30g/t on FW1 lode and 7g/t & 4g/t on the HW1 and | ||||
| HW2 lodes respectively (remaining lodes were left un- | ||||
| cut). The cut dataset was then transformed by normal | ||||
| scores to review variograms and generate variogram | ||||
| models. The variogram models had high to low nuggets | ||||
| and varied for each domain, with a range of maximum | ||||
| continuity along the main axis varying for each domain | ||||
| between 20 to 40m. | ||||
| | The availability of check estimates, previous estimates | | A previous estimate of the North Scotia deposit was | |
| and/or mine production records and whether the Mineral | completed in 2009. This was used as a guide and | |||
| Resource estimate takes appropriate account of such | comparative tools for validation purposes with the current | |||
| data. | estimate. | |||
| | The assumptions made regarding recovery of by- | | No assumptions have been made about gold grade | |
| products. | recovery or the recovery of related by products. | |||
| | Estimation of deleterious elements or other non-grade | | Only gold was estimated;no other elements were |
Page 26 of 40
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| variables of economic significance (eg sulphur for acid | estimated. Insufficient multi-element data was available | |||
| mine drainage characterisation). | and was deemed to be of no relevance and to have a | |||
| spatial distribution too sparse for adequate estimation. | ||||
| | In the case of block model interpolation, the block size in | | The block model was constructed with a parent cell size | |
| relation to the average sample spacing and the search | of 10m Y, 5m X, and 10m Z with subcelling to 2.5m Y, | |||
| employed. | 1.25m X, and 1.25m Z. All estimations were completed | |||
| at the parent cell resolution. Data spacing is typically on | ||||
| 20 x 20m spacings for the majority of the deposit. The | ||||
| size of the search ellipse was based on the variography | ||||
| with two estimation passes used to populate all cells. | ||||
| The first estimation pass used a minimum of 3, and | ||||
| maximum of 15 samples, with an ellipsoid based | ||||
| approach. Two separate estimation methods were | ||||
| employed, an Ordinary Kriged and Inverse Distance ^2 | ||||
| (ID2) was also performed on the top-cut dataset. | ||||
| | Any assumptions behind modelling of selective mining | | The composites were generated at 2m downhole and the | |
| units. | ore wireframes were maintained at a minimum width of | |||
| 2m downhole to try and represent a minimum selectable | ||||
| size assuming open pit mining operations using 120 | ||||
| tonne excavators. | ||||
| | Any assumptions about correlation between variables. | | No correlations between grade variables have been | |
| assumed. | ||||
| | Description of how the geological interpretation was used | |
The geology of the deposit consists of Archaean mafics | |
| to control the resource estimates. | of the Woolyeenyer formation (predominately Mafic | |||
| Basalt/Dolerite), with late stage cross-cutting pegmatite | ||||
| dykes and a very shallow weathering profile of | ||||
| Quaternary saprolite clays. There is no evidence of | ||||
| supergene mineralisation at North Scotia. All | ||||
| mineralisation is associated with the primary quartz vein | ||||
| system. | ||||
| | Discussion of basis for using or not using grade cutting or | |
Top-cut analysis was completed using disintegration | |
| capping. | analysis and use of coefficient of variation statistics. | |||
| Fourteen outlying grades were cut which differed on a | ||||
| domain basis (FW1- number of samples top-cut 3, top- | ||||
| cut applied 30g/t; HW1- number of samples top-cut and | ||||
| top-cut applied was 7; HW2- number of samples top-cut | ||||
| and top-cut applied was 4). Only cut estimates were | ||||
| provided. | ||||
| | The process of validation, the checking process used, | | Validation of the resource estimate was completed by | |
| the comparison of model data to drill hole data, and use | visual validation of block grades vs. drill hole assays in | |||
| of reconciliation data if available. | sectional view on computer. Given the thin nature of the | |||
| deposit a volume check was performed to ensure the | ||||
| block volume was reflective of the 3dm volume. With a | ||||
| volume variance less that 1%, the coding in the model | ||||
| was deemed acceptable. Validation comparisons were | ||||
| made by comparing the mean composite grades to the | ||||
| block estimate grades on a domain basis. This was to | ||||
| ensure the estimate was reflective of the data used to | ||||
| generate it. | ||||
| Moisture | | Whether the tonnages are estimated on a dry basis or | | The tonnages are reported as dry tonnes. Sample |
| with natural moisture, and the method of determination of | preparation process involved drying the samples for 8hrs | |||
| the moisture content. | prior to analysis. | |||
| Cut-off | | The basis of the adopted cut-off grade(s) or quality | | The mineralisation wireframes were modelled on a gold |
| parameters | parameters applied. | grade cut-off of 0.8g/t. The cut-off selection was left | ||
| unchanged from that used in the 2009 resource. | ||||
| Mining factors or | |
Assumptions made regarding possible mining methods, | | The North Scotia deposit has been modelled under the |
| assumptions | minimum mining dimensions and internal (or, if | assumption that it will be mined by conventional open pit | ||
| applicable, external) mining dilution. It is always | mining methods, using excavators and trucks. This | |||
| necessary as part of the process of determining | would typically entail 5m bench heights with 2.5m flitches | |||
| reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction to | and use of 120 tonne excavators with a bucket width of | |||
| consider potential mining methods, but the assumptions | approximately 2m. Mineralisation wireframes were | |||
| made regarding mining methods and parameters when | constructed based on minimum downhole intercept | |||
| estimating Mineral Resources may not always be | thickness of 2m in order to replicate the smallest possible | |||
| rigorous. Where this is the case, this should be reported | mining selectivity. | |||
| with an explanation of the basis of the mining |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| assumptions made. | ||||
| Metallurgical | | The basis for assumptions or predictions regarding | | No metallurgical assumptions have been made in respect |
| factors or | metallurgical amenability. It is always necessary as part | to the generation of the estimate. | ||
| assumptions | of the process of determining reasonable prospects for | | The understanding is that the anticipated recovery from | |
| eventual economic extraction to consider potential | metallurgical test work completed by Panoramic as part | |||
| metallurgical methods, but the assumptions regarding | of a broader Mt Henry Gold Project feasibility study is in | |||
| metallurgical treatment processes and parameters made | the order of 95% recovery using a conventional CIL | |||
| when reporting Mineral Resources may not always be | process. | |||
| rigorous. Where this is the case, this should be reported | ||||
| with an explanation of the basis of the metallurgical | ||||
| assumptions made. | ||||
| Environmental | | Assumptions made regarding possible waste and | | If mining were to commence appropriate measures would |
| factors or | process residue disposal options. It is always necessary | be implemented to ensure correct containment of waste | ||
| assumptions | as part of the process of determining reasonable | by-products. | ||
| prospects for eventual economic extraction to consider | ||||
| the potential environmental impacts of the mining and | ||||
| processing operation. While at this stage the | ||||
| determination of potential environmental impacts, | ||||
| particularly for a greenfields project, may not always be | ||||
| well advanced, the status of early consideration of these | ||||
| potential environmental impacts should be reported. | ||||
| Where these aspects have not been considered this | ||||
| should be reported with an explanation of the | ||||
| environmental assumptions made. | ||||
| Bulk density | | Whether assumed or determined. If assumed, the basis | | Bulk density (BD) determinations have been completed |
| for the assumptions. If determined, the method used, | on 279 core samples by Archimedes water immersion | |||
| whether wet or dry, the frequency of the measurements, | method to determine BD of insitu material. The | |||
| the nature, size and representativeness of the samples. | measurements were performed on whole core samples | |||
| by Panoramic from recently drilled diamond holes (SCO* | ||||
| series holes). A small number of historical pycnometer | ||||
| measurements (7SSC* series for 58 samples) also exist. | ||||
| | The bulk density for bulk material must have been | | Both the waste and host rock type for mineralisation is | |
| measured by methods that adequately account for void | typically non-porous and void space porosity is not | |||
| spaces (vugs, porosity, etc), moisture and differences | considered to be of relevance to the measurements. | |||
| between rock and alteration zones within the deposit. | ||||
| | Discuss assumptions for bulk density estimates used in | | Default densities were assigned to the model based on | |
| the evaluation process of the different materials. | the specific gravities used in the previous models. The | |||
| default values were verified by the recent BD work. The | ||||
| densities applied were Alluvium 1.8 g/cm³, Qtz Reef 2.65 | ||||
| g/cm³, Pegmatite 2.7g/cm³, Oxide Mafic 1.8 g/cm³, | ||||
| Transitional Mafic 2.1g/cm³ and Fresh Mafic 3g/cm³. | ||||
| Classification | | The basis for the classification of the Mineral Resources | | The classification of the resource has been based on |
| into varying confidence categories. | strong geological confidence with 20*20m spaced RC | |||
| | Whether appropriate account has been taken of all | and diamond drilling. The gold mineralisation is | ||
| relevant factors (ie relative confidence in tonnage/grade | moderately continuous over a 450m strike length and is | |||
| estimations, reliability of input data, confidence in | laminated vein hosted. The classification was applied to | |||
| continuity of geology and metal values, quality, quantity | the model using the estimation pass and a string | |||
| and distribution of the data). | constraint applied to limit the potential overcall in | |||
| | Whether the result appropriately reflects the Competent | classification down dip. | ||
| Person‟s view of the deposit. | | The mineral resource reflects the competent person‟s | ||
| view of the deposit. | ||||
| Audits or | | The results of any audits or reviews of Mineral Resource | | Apart from BMGS‟s own internal audit process no audits |
| reviews | estimates. | or reviews of the Mineral Resource estimate have been | ||
| completed. | ||||
| Discussion of | | Where appropriate a statement of the relative accuracy | | The resource classification is based on standard |
| relative | and confidence level in the Mineral Resource estimate | practices and guidelines as prescribed in the 2012 JORC | ||
| accuracy/ | using an approach or procedure deemed appropriate by | Code. | ||
| confidence | the Competent Person. For example, the application of | |||
| statistical or geostatistical procedures to quantify the | ||||
| relative accuracy of the resource within stated confidence | ||||
| limits, or, if such an approach is not deemed appropriate, | ||||
| a qualitative discussion of the factors that could affect the | ||||
| relative accuracy and confidence of the estimate. | ||||
| | The statement should specify whether it relates to global | |||
| or local estimates,and,if local,state the relevant | | The resource estimate relates to aglobal estimate of |
Page 28 of 40
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| tonnages, which should be relevant to technical and | tonnes and grade. | |||
| economic evaluation. Documentation should include | ||||
| assumptions made and the procedures used. | ||||
| | These statements of relative accuracy and confidence of | |||
| the estimate should be compared with production data, | | No mining data is available for comparison. | ||
| where available. |
Selene Resource
Selene Resource – Table 1, Section 1 - Sampling Techniques and Data (Criteria in this section apply to all succeeding sections.)
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sampling | | Nature and quality of sampling (eg cut channels, random | | The deposit has been extensively sampled using |
| techniques | chips, or specific specialised industry standard | Reverse Circulation (RC) and Diamond drilling (DD) | ||
| measurement tools appropriate to the minerals under | techniques. The Selene (Mt Henry Project) resource | |||
| investigation, such as down hole gamma sondes, or | database subset contains 284 RC & DD holes for a total | |||
| handheld XRF instruments, etc). These examples | of 25,830m. Of this total 14 RC & DD holes totalling | |||
| should not be taken as limiting the broad meaning of | 2,005m were drill in 2013 by Panoramic as part of a | |||
| sampling. | Project feasibility study. In addition the database | |||
| | Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample | contains 10 RAB & Aircore holes (totalling 133m) which | ||
| representivity and the appropriate calibration of any | have not been used for resource estimation. | |||
| measurement tools or systems used. | | The drill grid spacing is typically 40m * 40m over the | ||
| | Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are | extent of the mineralisation. | ||
| Material to the Public Report. | | RC holes were sampled by collecting 1m samples and | ||
| | In cases where „industry standard‟ work has been done | splitting these down using either on-board rig or manual | ||
| this would be relatively simple (eg „reverse circulation | riffle splitters to produce an assay sample of ~3kg size. | |||
| drilling was used to obtain 1 m samples from which 3 kg | | Diamond holes were typically NQ2 (NQ for some | ||
| was pulverised to produce a 30 g charge for fire assay‟). | historical holes) & occasionally HQ size and were | |||
| In other cases more explanation may be required, such | sampled by cutting the core in half or quarter for the HQ | |||
| as where there is coarse gold that has inherent sampling | core over geologically logged intervals between 20cm | |||
| problems. Unusual commodities or mineralisation types | and 1m in length. | |||
| (eg submarine nodules) may warrant disclosure of | | All (847) recent Panoramic resource assay samples were | ||
| detailed information. | submitted to SGS Laboratories in Perth for gold analysis | |||
| by FA50 (Fire Assay) technique. Of the 15,528 historical | ||||
| RC & DD gold assays in the database, 457 (2.9%) have | ||||
| an un-recorded technique or are by a technique other | ||||
| than Fire Assay. In addition data on 1,059 (6.5%) QAQC | ||||
| samples are recorded in the database. | ||||
| Drilling | | Drill type (eg core, reverse circulation, open-hole | | The drilling methods used on this deposit are |
| techniques | hammer, rotary air blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and | predominantly RC and DD drilling. The RC drilling was | ||
| details (eg core diameter, triple or standard tube, depth | typically completed using 5 ¼ inch hammers and recently | |||
| of diamond tails, face-sampling bit or other type, whether | 5 ¼ inch face sampling hammers. | |||
| core is oriented and if so, by what method, etc). | | The DD drilling was typically NQ (47.6mm), and more | ||
| recently NQ2 (50mm) and HQ (63.5mm) diameter core | ||||
| | HQ size core was typically drilled as geotechnical holes | |||
| from surface byPanoramic. | ||||
| Drill sample | | Method of recording and assessing core and chip sample | |
RC sample recoveries were monitored by Panoramic by |
| recovery | recoveries and results assessed. | recording visual estimates of the sample bags prior to | ||
| | Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and | sampling. Typical recoveries for RC were greater than | ||
| ensure representative nature of the samples. | 90%. | |||
| | Core recovery is noted during drilling process and | |||
| geological logging process as a percentage recovered | ||||
| vs. expected drill length. Core was reconstructed into | ||||
| continuous runs on a length of angle iron to enable | ||||
| accurate geological logging and estimation of core | ||||
| recovery. Core recovery is typically 100 percent. | ||||
| | Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery | | No apparent relationships were noted in relation to | |
| and grade and whether sample bias may have occurred | sample recovery and grade. | |||
| due topreferential loss/gain of fine/coarse material. | ||||
| Logging | | Whether core and chip samples have been geologically | | All drill holes in the Selene resource database have been |
| and geotechnically logged to a level of detail to support | geologically logged. | |||
| appropriate Mineral Resource estimation, mining studies | | Both chip and core samples in recent Panoramic drill | ||
| and metallurgical studies. | holes have been logged using geological legends at | |||
| | Whether loggingisqualitative orquantitative in nature. | detail to supportgeological confidence in Mineral |
Page 29 of 40
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Core (or costean, channel, etc) photography. | Resource estimates. | |||
| | Logging details lithology, weathering, oxidation, veining, | |||
| mineralisation and structural features where noted in drill | ||||
| core. | ||||
| | The total length and percentage of the relevant | | All mineralised drill intersections and associated samples | |
| intersections logged. | have been logged in full. | |||
| Sub-sampling | | If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or | | Both historical NQ and recent NQ2 core was typically |
| techniques and | all core taken. | sawn in half and half core sampled. Recent HQ | ||
| sample | geotechnical core was quarter core sampled where | |||
| preparation | mineralised. Core sample lengths typically varied | |||
| between 0.2 and 1.0 metre. | ||||
| | If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc | |
The standard RC sample length is 1 metre with samples | |
| and whether sampled wet or dry. | collected directly from the rig cyclone system. The | |||
| individual 1m RC samples are then reduced to a 3-5kg | ||||
| assay sample by either automated on-board rig splitters | ||||
| or manually by riffle splitting. | ||||
| | For all sample types, the nature, quality and | | The sample preparation process for all samples | |
| appropriateness of the sample preparation technique. | submitted for analysis follow accepted industry | |||
| standards, including oven drying sample for a minimum | ||||
| of 8 hours, crushing and pulverising to 85% passing 75 | ||||
| microns. | ||||
| | Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling | | Quality control procedures have included the insertion of | |
| stages to maximise representivity of samples. | standards, blanks and duplicates to monitor the sampling | |||
| | Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is | and analytical process. | ||
| representative of the in situ material collected, including | ||||
| for instance results for field duplicate/second-half | ||||
| sampling. | ||||
| | Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of | |
The sample sizes used are accepted industry standard | |
| the material being sampled. | sizes used extensively throughout the goldfields and are | |||
| appropriate for the style of deposit. | ||||
| Quality of assay | | The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying | | The standard analytical technique used is Fire Assay, |
| data and | and laboratory procedures used and whether the | mostly by AAS finished. Of the 16,886 RC & DD Au | ||
| laboratory tests | technique is considered partial or total. | assays in the Selene resource database, 457 historical | ||
| assays (2.7%) do not have a recorded technique or are | ||||
| by technique other than Fire Assay. Where non gold | ||||
| analyses exist they are either by AAS or ICP OES | ||||
| determination. | ||||
| | For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF | | No other geophysical or analytical tools have been used | |
| instruments, etc, the parameters used in determining the | to estimate grade. | |||
| analysis including instrument make and model, reading | ||||
| times, calibrations factors applied and their derivation, | ||||
| etc. | ||||
| | Nature of quality control procedures adopted (eg | | QAQC has been completed routinely during the life of the | |
| standards, blanks, duplicates, external laboratory | Project; though less so historically than more recently. | |||
| checks) and whether acceptable levels of accuracy (ie | The QAQC results indicate that the RC and DD assays | |||
| lack of bias) and precision have been established. | being used for resource estimation are an accurate | |||
| representation of the sampled material. | ||||
| Verification of | | The verification of significant intersections by either | | The deposit is very continuous in terms of mineralisation |
| sampling and | independent or alternative company personnel. | and grade intercepts. The continuity and consistency of | ||
| assaying | the grade intercepts in section and along strike provides | |||
| strong confidence in the verification of the grade and | ||||
| style of deposit. The similarity and consistency of | ||||
| intersections reported by past Project owners over many | ||||
| years is further verification of the reliability of the data. | ||||
| | The use of twinned holes. | | No recent twin holes were completed. Historical twin | |
| holes verified mineralisation continuity. In-fill verification | ||||
| holes were completed by Panoramic to test both | ||||
| geological and mineralisation continuity on selected | ||||
| sections. In each instance the expected geological and | ||||
| mineralogical interpretation was confirmed and no major | ||||
| discrepancies were identified. | ||||
| | Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, | | Logging was completed in logging code protected excel | |
| data verification, data storage (physical and electronic) | templates on laptops and then imported into the Project | |||
| protocols. | SQL database for validation. Sections were then | |||
| generated and visual validation completed to ensure |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| integrity of the data. | ||||
| | Discuss anyadjustment to assaydata. | | No adjustments were made to assaydata. | |
| Location of data | | Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes | | All recent drill collars and where possible historical drill |
| points | (collar and down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings | collars have been accurately located by differential GPS. | ||
| and other locations used in Mineral Resource estimation. | A range of down-hole survey instruments, including | |||
| single shot, electronic multi-shot and gyroscopic tools | ||||
| have been used. Gyroscopic surveys undertaken by | ||||
| Panoramic and previous companies demonstrate that | ||||
| holes do not deviate significantly from design. | ||||
| | Specification of the grid system used. | | The Selene drill hole database contains local, AMG and | |
| MGA coordinates. The resource has been estimated in | ||||
| local grid which is rotated +1.25 degrees from MGA | ||||
| GDA94 zone 51. | ||||
| | Conversion from local grid to AMG AGD84 zone 51 is | |||
| based on a two point transformation: | ||||
| | 4400E, 6000N = 385096.84E, 6413919.03N | |||
| | 4400E, 2000N = 385009.80E, 6409920.95N | |||
| | Quality and adequacy of topographic control. | | Fugro 2.5m topographic contour data was the primary | |
| topographical control. In places this was modified by | ||||
| differential GPS height data. | ||||
| Data spacing | | Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results. | | The drilling density is on a nominal 40m by 40m spacing |
| and distribution | | Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient to | through the majority of the deposit. This spacing is | |
| establish the degree of geological and grade continuity | sufficient to provide strong geological and mineralogical | |||
| appropriate for the Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve | confidence in the style of deposit being estimated. | |||
| estimation procedure(s) and classifications applied. | ||||
| | Whether sample compositing has been applied. | | As a general rule sample compositing has not be used. | |
| Sample compositing of RC precollars outside the main | ||||
| mineralised zone was undertaken at times. | ||||
| Orientation of | | Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased | | Virtually all drilling has been completed perpendicular to |
| data in relation | sampling of possible structures and the extent to which | the main strike of the deposit geometry and angled to | ||
| to geological | this is known, considering the deposit type. | best intercept the west dipping mineralisation. | ||
| structure | | If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the | | No sampling bias is apparent from the direction of |
| orientation of key mineralised structures is considered to | drilling. | |||
| have introduced a sampling bias, this should be | ||||
| assessed and reported if material. | ||||
| Sample security | | The measures taken to ensure sample security. | | Little is known about the sample security practices |
| adopted by previous companies. Panoramic samples | ||||
| were freighted in sealed bulka-bags direct from site to the | ||||
| SGS Laboratoryin Perth. | ||||
| Audits or | | The results of any audits or reviews of sampling | | No audits or review of the Panoramic sampling |
| reviews | techniques and data. | procedures andprotocols has been completed. |
Selene Resource – Table 1, Section 3 - Estimation and Reporting of Mineral Resources (Criteria listed in section 1, and where relevant in section 2, also apply to this section.)
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Database | | Measures taken to ensure that data has not been | | Logging was completed in logging code protected MS |
| integrity | corrupted by, for example, transcription or keying errors, | Excel templates and loaded into Panoramic‟s SQL | ||
| between its initial collection and its use for Mineral | Server database, with a “Datashed” software frontend, | |||
| Resource estimation purposes. | for validation and storage. | |||
| | Geological and assay information was printed on hard | |||
| copy plans and visually validated against original logs | ||||
| and assay results to ensure the digital copy agrees with | ||||
| the original format. | ||||
| | Data validation procedures used. | | Data validation was completed internally in SQL Server | |
| by setting allowable and expected values. Automated | ||||
| queries are run as the data is imported to ensure it meets | ||||
| specified criteria. | ||||
| | For resource estimation a subset of the SQL database, | |||
| restricting the data to the Selene Resource area was | ||||
| exported into an MS Access database. Additional data | ||||
| checks were run to ensure appropriate data robustness | ||||
| for the Resource Estimation. |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Site visits | | Comment on any site visits undertaken by the Competent | |
No site visits were completed by BMGS. Panoramic staff |
| Person and the outcome of those visits. | managed the 2013 drilling program and were integral in | |||
| the development of the geological and mineralisation | ||||
| models. | ||||
| | If no site visits have been undertaken indicate why this is | | Site visits were not required as the documented | |
| the case. | procedures on the recent drilling were deemed | |||
| appropriate for the style of deposit and the historical | ||||
| drilling had been previously covered in a report released | ||||
| under JORC 2004guidelines. | ||||
| Geological | | Confidence in (or conversely, the uncertainty of) the | | There is high confidence in the geological understanding |
| interpretation | geological interpretation of the mineral deposit. | of the deposit. There is a strong relationship between | ||
| grade and a particular stratigraphical unit. The gold | ||||
| mineralisation is of a consistent grade and 2m | ||||
| composites generated of the mineralised zone showed | ||||
| an extremely good coefficient of variation (< 1.1), such | ||||
| coefficients are rarely encountered with gold deposits. | ||||
| | Nature of the data used and of any assumptions made. | | The data used for the resource estimate was from RC | |
| and diamond drilling. Raw assays, typically representing | ||||
| a 1m sample length, were composited to 2m to provide | ||||
| equal sample weights and reduce grade variance. | ||||
| | The effect, if any, of alternative interpretations on Mineral | |
Three separate mineralised envelopes were considered; | |
| Resource estimation. | grade shells at 0.4, 0.6 and 1.0g/t Au were developed | |||
| and respective estimates run for each grade shell. It was | ||||
| established through validation of the models that the | ||||
| 0.4g/t Au model was the most representative of grade | ||||
| expected in the mining environment. | ||||
| | The use of geology in guiding and controlling Mineral | | There is a strong geological control to the mineralisation | |
| Resource estimation. | interpretation. The deposit is essentially strata hosted | |||
| within a sheared Banded Iron Formation. There is some | ||||
| interpreted supergene mineralisation in the northern | ||||
| extents of the deposit that is controlled by weathering | ||||
| horizons and typically cross cuts stratigraphy at shallow | ||||
| levels. | ||||
| | The factors affecting continuity both of grade and | | The geological and grade continuity is strata controlled, | |
| geology. | with a series of late pegmatites that cross cut | |||
| mineralisation and lithology. These pegmatites are | ||||
| generally unmineralised and have been modelled into the | ||||
| resource as background 0.1g/tgoldgrade. | ||||
| Dimensions | | The extent and variability of the Mineral Resource | | The Selene mineralised domain is approximately 1.3km |
| expressed as length (along strike or otherwise), plan | long, has a down dip of extent of up to 440m and is open | |||
| width, and depth below surface to the upper and lower | at depth. The deposit consists of a main lode that varies | |||
| limits of the Mineral Resource. | between 3m and 25m thick with numerous parallel lodes | |||
| at various stages alongthe length of the deposit. | ||||
| Estimation and | | The nature and appropriateness of the estimation | | Grade estimation of Selene deposit was completed using |
| modelling | technique(s) applied and key assumptions, including | Ordinary Kriging (OK) in SurpacTMsoftware. Variogram | ||
| techniques | treatment of extreme grade values, domaining, | analysis and modelling was completed using Supervisor | ||
| interpolation parameters and maximum distance of | software. Two metre composites were generated from | |||
| extrapolation from data points. If a computer assisted | the drill hole database and then tagged according to | |||
| estimation method was chosen include a description of | mineralised wireframes generated at a 0.4g/t lower Au | |||
| computer software and parameters used. | grade. The wireframe modelling conditions included a | |||
| minimum downhole mineralisation width of 2m; an | ||||
| internal dilution of up to 3m could be included if the entire | ||||
| intercept graded above 0.4 g/t. If dilution was greater | ||||
| than 3m then separate lodes were generated if | ||||
| geological/grade continuity was supported by nearby | ||||
| drilling. The coded composites were reviewed in | ||||
| Supervisor, top cut analysis was completed using | ||||
| disintegration analysis and the impact cuts made to the | ||||
| coefficient of variation. Seven outlying grades ranging | ||||
| from 11.79 to 21.56g/t were cut to 11g/t. The cut dataset | ||||
| was then transformed by normal scores to review | ||||
| variograms and generate variomodels. Variomodels | ||||
| generated confirmed geological stratigraphy as the key | ||||
| controlling factor on mineralisation. The variomodels had | ||||
| moderate to low nuggets with a range of maximum |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| continuity along the main axis of 70m. | ||||
| | The availability of check estimates, previous estimates | | A previous estimate of the Selene deposit was completed | |
| and/or mine production records and whether the Mineral | in 2008. This was used as a guide and comparative | |||
| Resource estimate takes appropriate account of such | tools for validation purposes with the current estimate. | |||
| data. | ||||
| | The assumptions made regarding recovery of by- | | No assumptions have been made about gold grade | |
| products. | recovery or the recovery of related by products. | |||
| | Estimation of deleterious elements or other non-grade | | It was established that there was insufficient multiple | |
| variables of economic significance (eg sulphur for acid | element data to enable adequate estimation of | |||
| mine drainage characterisation). | deleterious elements or other non-grading variables. | |||
| | In the case of block model interpolation, the block size in | | The block model was constructed with a parent cell size | |
| relation to the average sample spacing and the search | of 20m Y, 10m X, and 10m Z, with subcelling to 5m Y, | |||
| employed. | 2.5m X, and 2.5m Z. All estimations were completed at | |||
| the parent cell resolution. A very regular pattern of holes | ||||
| cover the Selene Deposit. Drill data is typically on | ||||
| sections 40m apart on northings, with holes as little as | ||||
| 10m apart on eastings. The size of the search ellipse | ||||
| was based on the variography with five estimation | ||||
| passes used to populate cells. The first estimation pass | ||||
| used a minimum of 12, and maximum of 32 samples, | ||||
| with no octant constraints of the ellipse requiring data to | ||||
| allow estimation. | ||||
| | Any assumptions behind modelling of selective mining | | The composites were generated at 2m downhole and the | |
| units. | ore wireframes were maintained at a minimum width of | |||
| 2m downhole in order to represent a likely minimum | ||||
| mining width, assuming an open pit mining operations | ||||
| using 120 tonne excavators. | ||||
| | Any assumptions about correlation between variables. | | No correlations between grade variables have been | |
| assumed. | ||||
| | Description of how the geological interpretation was used | |
The Selene Deposit is similar in many respects to the | |
| to control the resource estimates. | nearby Mt Henry Deposit. Mineralisation is confined to a | |||
| series of shears within the silicate facies, Banded Iron | ||||
| Formation (Noganyer Formation). The footwall to the BIF | ||||
| is a metamorphic sedimentary schist unit and the | ||||
| hanging wall is defined by mafic flows and dykes of the | ||||
| Woolyeener Formation. The mineralisation interpretation | ||||
| is consistent with the shape and continuity of the BIF | ||||
| unit. | ||||
| | Discussion of basis for using or not using grade cutting or | |||
| capping. | ||||
| | The process of validation, the checking process used, | | Validation of the resource estimate was completed by | |
| the comparison of model data to drill hole data, and use | visual validation of block grades vs. drill hole assays in | |||
| of reconciliation data if available. | sectional view on computer. Line graphs were also | |||
| generated to show comparison between composite input | ||||
| grades and block output grades over 80m intervals – | ||||
| Northings, and 40m internals –Eastings, throughout the | ||||
| entire deposit to ensure the composite data was being | ||||
| accurately reflected in the model. The model was also | ||||
| compared with historical estimate to ensure report figures | ||||
| were sensible. | ||||
| Moisture | | Whether the tonnages are estimated on a dry basis or | | The tonnages are reported as dry tonnes. Sample |
| with natural moisture, and the method of determination of | preparation process involved drying the samples for 8hrs | |||
| the moisture content. | prior to analysis. | |||
| Cut-off | | The basis of the adopted cut-off grade(s) or quality | | The mineralisation wireframes were modelled on a gold |
| parameters | parameters applied. | lower grade cut-off of 0.4g/t. This value was determined | ||
| by visual assessment of grade continuity in SurpacTM. | ||||
| Models were also generated at 0.6 g/t and 1.0g/t Au cut- | ||||
| offgrades for comparison. | ||||
| Mining factors or | |
Assumptions made regarding possible mining methods, | | The Selene deposit has been modelled under the |
| assumptions | minimum mining dimensions and internal (or, if | assumption that it will be mined by conventional open pit | ||
| applicable, external) mining dilution. It is always | mining methods, utilising excavators and trucks. This | |||
| necessary as part of the process of determining | would typically entail 5m bench heights with 2.5m flitches | |||
| reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction to | and use of 120 tonne excavators with a bucket width of | |||
| considerpotential miningmethods,but the assumptions | approximately2m. Mineralisation wireframes were |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| made regarding mining methods and parameters when | constructed based on minimum thickness of 2m | |||
| estimating Mineral Resources may not always be | downhole in order to replicate the smallest possible | |||
| rigorous. Where this is the case, this should be reported | mining selectivity. | |||
| with an explanation of the basis of the mining | ||||
| assumptions made. | ||||
| Metallurgical | | The basis for assumptions or predictions regarding | | No metallurgical assumptions have been made in respect |
| factors or | metallurgical amenability. It is always necessary as part | to the generation of the estimate however recent | ||
| assumptions | of the process of determining reasonable prospects for | metallurgical test work had been performed as part of a | ||
| eventual economic extraction to consider potential | feasibility study of the greater Mt Henry gold project | |||
| metallurgical methods, but the assumptions regarding | being undertaken by Panoramic. This work has shown | |||
| metallurgical treatment processes and parameters made | that recoveries greater than 90% Au can be achieved | |||
| when reporting Mineral Resources may not always be | using conventional CIL extraction methods. | |||
| rigorous. Where this is the case, this should be reported | ||||
| with an explanation of the basis of the metallurgical | ||||
| assumptions made. | ||||
| Environmental | | Assumptions made regarding possible waste and | | The current data available doesn‟t suggest there are any |
| factors or | process residue disposal options. It is always necessary | high-level environmental risks with mined waste by- | ||
| assumptions | as part of the process of determining reasonable | products. If mining were to commence all statutory | ||
| prospects for eventual economic extraction to consider | requirements would be implemented to comply with | |||
| the potential environmental impacts of the mining and | waste by-product management. | |||
| processing operation. While at this stage the | ||||
| determination of potential environmental impacts, | ||||
| particularly for a greenfields project, may not always be | ||||
| well advanced, the status of early consideration of these | ||||
| potential environmental impacts should be reported. | ||||
| Where these aspects have not been considered this | ||||
| should be reported with an explanation of the | ||||
| environmental assumptions made. | ||||
| Bulk density | | Whether assumed or determined. If assumed, the basis | | A total of 1087 bulk density (BD) determinations are |
| for the assumptions. If determined, the method used, | recorded in the Selene resource database subset. | |||
| whether wet or dry, the frequency of the measurements, | Panoramic completed most of these with measurements | |||
| the nature, size and representativeness of the samples. | on 727 core samples by Archimedes water immersion | |||
| method. There are a number of historical measurements | ||||
| by pycnometer (7SEL* series for 181 samples) and down | ||||
| hole geophysical tool (NLC151D & NLC158 for 179 one | ||||
| metre intervals). | ||||
| | The bulk density for bulk material must have been | | The host rock type for mineralisation and surrounding | |
| measured by methods that adequately account for void | mafic material is non-porous and void space porosity is | |||
| spaces (vugs, porosity, etc), moisture and differences | not considered to be of relevance to the measurements. | |||
| between rock and alteration zones within the deposit. | ||||
| | Discuss assumptions for bulk density estimates used in | | The estimate of BD through the resource was generated | |
| the evaluation process of the different materials. | by grouping the 1087recorded measurements by rock | |||
| type to provide an average SG for each of the main | ||||
| lithological rock types. The assay table in the database | ||||
| was tagged with the actual BD or an average value | ||||
| based on rock type grouped averages. The density | ||||
| value was then extracted with the gold grade in the 2m | ||||
| composite file. The BD was then estimated using the | ||||
| same Variogram models and search parameters for the | ||||
| various domains. | ||||
| Classification | | The basis for the classification of the Mineral Resources | | The classification of the resource has been based on the |
| into varying confidence categories. | Competent Person‟s strong confidence in the geological | |||
| | Whether appropriate account has been taken of all | model; derived largely from the high density of drilling | ||
| relevant factors (ie relative confidence in tonnage/grade | (40*10m spaced RC and selective diamond drilling in the | |||
| estimations, reliability of input data, confidence in | central extent of the deposit); and the demonstrable | |||
| continuity of geology and metal values, quality, quantity | consistency and continuity of the mineralisation (gold | |||
| and distribution of the data). | mineralisation is highly continuous over a 1.3km strike | |||
| length and is strata bound). | ||||
| | A large weighting of the classification related to the | |||
| estimation pass, string constraints were also used to | ||||
| override the estimation pass allocation and reflect the | ||||
| competent person‟s view where necessary. | ||||
| | Whether the result appropriately reflects the Competent | | The mineral resource reflects the competent person‟s | |
| Person‟s view of the deposit. | view of the deposit. | |||
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Audits or | | The results of any audits or reviews of Mineral Resource | | Apart from BMGS‟s own internal audit process, no audits |
| reviews | estimates. | or reviews of the Mineral Resource estimate have been | ||
| completed. | ||||
| Discussion of | | Where appropriate a statement of the relative accuracy | | The resource classification is based on standard |
| relative | and confidence level in the Mineral Resource estimate | practices and guidelines as prescribed in the 2012 JORC | ||
| accuracy/ | using an approach or procedure deemed appropriate by | Code. | ||
| confidence | the Competent Person. For example, the application of | |||
| statistical or geostatistical procedures to quantify the | ||||
| relative accuracy of the resource within stated confidence | ||||
| limits, or, if such an approach is not deemed appropriate, | ||||
| a qualitative discussion of the factors that could affect the | ||||
| relative accuracy and confidence of the estimate. | ||||
| | The statement should specify whether it relates to global | |||
| or local estimates, and, if local, state the relevant | | The resource estimate relates to a global estimate of | ||
| tonnages, which should be relevant to technical and | tonnes and grade. | |||
| economic evaluation. Documentation should include | ||||
| assumptions made and the procedures used. | ||||
| | These statements of relative accuracy and confidence of | |||
| the estimate should be compared with production data, | | No mining currently exists at Selene therefore there is no | ||
| where available. | production data available for comparison. |
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- Appendix 3 2012 JORC Reserve Disclosures
The following Reserve disclosures for the Mt Henry Gold Project are provided.
Section 4 Estimation and Reporting of Ore Reserves
(Criteria listed in section 1, and where relevant in sections 2 and 3, also apply to this section.)
| Criteria JORC Code explanation |
Commentary | Commentary | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mineral Resource estimate for conversion to Ore Reserves Description of the Mineral Resource estimate used as a basis for the conversion to an Ore Reserve. Clear statement as to whether the Mineral Resources are reported additional to, or inclusive of, the Ore Reserves. |
Mineral Resources are inclusive of Ore r The Mineral Resources are; |
eserves. Model type Surpac/Ordinary kriged Surpac/Ordinary kriged Surpac/Ordinary kriged |
|
| Deposit Name | Geological model name |
Model type | |
| Mt Henry | mh_06_ok_20130 625.mdl (BMGS 2013) |
Surpac/Ordinary kriged |
|
| Selene | selene_06gt_cut_2 0130619.mdl (BMGS 2013) |
Surpac/Ordinary kriged |
|
| North Scotia | north_scotia1306. mdl (BMGS 2013) |
Surpac/Ordinary kriged |
|
| Site visits Comment on any site visits undertaken by the Competent Person and the outcome of those visits. If no site visits have been undertaken indicate why this is the case. |
The Mt Henry project is a greenfields site. Mr Williams has visited the site on six occasions to inspect topography, determine site layout, inspect drill core, consider environmental impacts of the project being developed, consultation with local stakeholders. |
||
| Study status The type and level of study undertaken to enable Mineral Resources to be converted to Ore Reserves. The Code requires that a study to at least Pre- Feasibility Study level has been undertaken to convert Mineral Resources to Ore Reserves. Such studies will have been carried out and will have determined a mine plan that is technically achievable and economically viable, and that material Modifying Factors have been considered. |
A feasibility level study has been completed on the three deposits demonstrating that the project is technically viable. The level of studies has considered detailed designs and schedules, estimation of capital and operating costs based on quotes and schedules of service supply. Modifying factors (described below) have been applied. Discounted cash flow analysis has been used to demonstrate that the project is financially viable at an assumed gold price of A$1,500/oz |
||
| Cut-off parameters The basis of the cut-off grade(s) or quality parameters applied. |
Cut-off grades applied to the Ore Reserves reflect the marginal breakeven cost of ore production based on the planned throughput rate and processing cost and recovery parameters determined by the Feasibility Study. A value of 0.7g/t was used for Mt Henryand Selene and 0.6g/t for North Scotia. |
||
| Mining factors or assumptions The method and assumptions used as reported in the Pre-Feasibility or Feasibility Study to convert the Mineral Resource to an Ore Reserve (i.e. either by application of appropriate factors by optimisation or by preliminary or detailed design). The choice, nature and appropriateness of the selected mining method(s) and other mining parameters including associated design issues such as pre-strip, access, etc. The assumptions made regarding geotechnical parameters (eg pit slopes, stope sizes, etc), grade control and pre-production drilling. The major assumptions made and Mineral Resource model used for pit and stope optimisation (if appropriate). The mining dilution factors used. The mining recovery factors used. Any minimum mining widths used. The manner in which Inferred Mineral Resources are utilised in mining studies and the sensitivity of the outcome to their inclusion. |
The deposits all outcrop and will be mined as open pits. Open pits have been optimized using Whittle 4X software. All cost inputs, metallurgical and mining parameters were based on detailed studies. The mining method is conventional and reflects the large scale, shallow nature of the deposits. Excavation by conventional dump truck and hydraulic excavator is planned. Bench heights will vary from 5 to 10m with mining by 2.5m flitches. Detailed pit and dump designs were generated with geotechnical parameters determined by independent consultants and based on analysis of an extensive local data set. Overall pit slopes vary from 45 -55 degrees. Ramps are 12-22m wide, berms are mainly 8m wide with some larger 15m wide berms, batter angles are mostly 75 degrees but have been flattened to 65 degrees in the upper parts of Mt Henry east wall. Most of the pit wall exposures are in fresh, competent rock. An allowance has been made to install rock catch fences and install mesh drapes over batters if required. Grade control drilling will be required and has been included as an operational cost. |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| | The infrastructure requirements of the selected mining | | At Selene and Mt Henry mining dilution of 5% at a diluent | |
| methods. | grade of 0.5g/t has been included. No mining loss has been | |||
| assumed. At North Scotia 10% dilution at zero grade has been | ||||
| applied with no ore loss. | ||||
| | Inferred Mineral Resource was included in pit optimization and | |||
| is reported in the Mining Inventory (4.4% of total) but is | ||||
| excluded from the Ore Reserve estimate. | ||||
| | A significant portion of the inferred inventory at Selene is | |||
| mined late in the mining schedule and therefore has very little | ||||
| financial impact. The base of all the pit designs are in indicated | ||||
| resource. | ||||
| | The open pits will be developed from natural surface and no | |||
| infrastructure is required other than easily developed haulage | ||||
| roads. The site is readilyaccessible from existingroads. | ||||
| Metallurgical | | The metallurgical process proposed and the | | A standard Carbon in Leach (“CIL”) flowsheet for gold |
| factors or | appropriateness of that process to the style of | extraction is proposed to treat the ores from the three deposits. | ||
| assumptions | mineralisation. | The flowsheet will consist of three stage crushing followed by | ||
| | Whether the metallurgical process is well-tested | whole ore grind to a target size of p80=38 µm. The circuit will | ||
| technology or novel in nature. | also contain a gravity circuit. | |||
| | The nature, amount and representativeness of | | The process is well tested and extensively used throughout the | |
| metallurgical test work undertaken, the nature of the | industry. | |||
| metallurgical domaining applied and the corresponding | |
Metallurgical testwork was completed on representative | ||
| metallurgical recovery factors applied. | samples from the three deposits. The samples came from the | |||
| | Any assumptions or allowances made for deleterious | 2013 drilling programme and consisted mainly of drill core. The | ||
| elements. | samples were from a range of locations across the deposits | |||
| | The existence of any bulk sample or pilot scale test | (upper, lower, north, south, transitional and primary). | ||
| work and the degree to which such samples are | Metallurgical testwork consisted of determining a range of | |||
| considered representative of the orebody as a whole. | standard comminution factors such as UCS, abrasion index, | |||
| | For minerals that are defined by a specification, has | Bond Rod mill work index and Bond Ball mill work index. | ||
| the ore reserve estimation been based on the | | A variety of tests was undertaken to examine gold recovery | ||
| appropriate mineralogy to meet the specifications? | and reagent consumption at various grind sizes. This included | |||
| extractive testwork in a representative sample of site water. | ||||
| Mineralogy studies and diagnostic leach tests also supported | ||||
| the overall work to determine the optimum conditions for gold | ||||
| extraction. | ||||
| | Recovery (gravity plus leaching) varies slightly across the | |||
| three deposits ranging from 90-93%. An average recovery of | ||||
| 90% has been adopted as the majority of the ore is primary | ||||
| from Mt Henry and Selene. | ||||
| | There are no deleterious minerals. | |||
| | No bulk samples have been tested. | |||
| | The ore reserve does not relyon specification of a mineral. | |||
| Environmental | |
The status of studies of potential environmental | | A range of baseline studies have been conducted to ascertain |
| impacts of the mining and processing operation. | the potential impacts of the project to flora and fauna | |||
| Details of waste rock characterisation and the | (terrestrial, invertebrate and aquatic) | |||
| consideration of potential sites, status of design | | A program of waste rock characterisation has been carried out | ||
| options considered and, where applicable, the status of | to investigate the potential impacts of the PAF rocks that form | |||
| approvals for process residue storage and waste | the footwall of the Mt Henry and the Selene deposits in terms | |||
| dumps should be reported. | of acid rock drainage. | |||
| | Waste dump and TSF design has been carried out to ensure | |||
| that all PAF material is fully encapsulated and all landforms | ||||
| remain stable and non-polluting. | ||||
| | The effect on groundwater by excavation of the open pits has | |||
| also been assessed and shown to have no detrimental effects. | ||||
| | Conceptual closure planning for the TSF is well advanced. A | |||
| study of materials balance demonstrates that the TSF facility | ||||
| can be closed with a NAF waste rock cover and growth | ||||
| medium. | ||||
| Infrastructure | | The existence of appropriate infrastructure: availability | | The project is located 2.5km from a sealed highway between |
| of land for plant development, power, water, | the regional towns of Norseman and Esperance in Western | |||
| transportation (particularly for bulk commodities), | Australia and readily accessible to skilled labour and various | |||
| labour, accommodation; or the ease with which the | mining service companies. | |||
| infrastructure can be provided, or accessed. | | There is adequate flat land on which to construct the | ||
| processing plant and other infrastructure that is required. |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| | The Kambalda to Esperance Gas pipeline is located adjacent | |||
| to the highway with an existing take-off point on the pipeline | ||||
| from which it is proposed to build a high pressure pipeline to | ||||
| supply gas to a power station. The power station will supply all | ||||
| of the power for the project. Consultation with the pipeline | ||||
| manager has confirmed that sufficient gas will be available to | ||||
| meet the needs of the project. | ||||
| | A large paleo-channel has been defined which will be the basis | |||
| for the project water supply for ore processing and dust | ||||
| suppression. | ||||
| | Consultation with the Water Authority has confirmed access to | |||
| a potable water supply in the town of Norseman (20km‟s away) | ||||
| sufficient to supply the project for accommodation and use in | ||||
| theprocessplant. | ||||
| Costs | | The derivation of, or assumptions made, regarding | | The majority of the Capital costs for the project (57%) are |
| projected capital costs in the study | associated with construction of the processing plant. These | |||
| costs have been estimated by an engineering and project | ||||
| design company experienced with construction of similar | ||||
| plants. Other costs regarding project infrastructure (19%) have | ||||
| been estimated by Panoramic Resources staff based on | ||||
| quotes, first principle cost buildup and detailed break-down of | ||||
| tasks & quantities. Closure and sustaining costs (12%) are | ||||
| based on a detailed task breakdown of closure activities with | ||||
| industry average unit rates. Sustaining costs are a nominal | ||||
| amount per year. Mining pre-production costs (establishment & | ||||
| excavation until processing commences) (7%) are based on a | ||||
| quote from a mining contractor and the associated schedule | ||||
| developed from the mine plan. Owner‟s costs (5%) are costs | ||||
| incurred by the company whilst the process plant and | ||||
| infrastructure is constructed. | ||||
| | The methodology used to estimate operating costs. | | Operating costs consist of a manning schedule by functional | |
| The basis for forecasting or source of treatment and | area (mining, process, administration) with a budgeted number | |||
| refining charges, penalties for failure to meet | of employees at various salary allocations. This includes salary | |||
| specification, etc. | on-costs. The cost of power is derived from an analysis of the | |||
| gas market in Western Australia and a quote from a power | ||||
| station operator. Process plant reagent consumption and | ||||
| maintenance cost have been estimated by the engineering | ||||
| design company. A detailed quote from an experienced WA | ||||
| based mining contractor has been used to estimate unit costs | ||||
| by bench level within each deposit. | ||||
| Other operating costs such as flights, potable water, and grade | ||||
| control are based on quotes and experience of the Panoramic | ||||
| project team. | ||||
| | Allowances made for the content of deleterious | | No deleterious elements are anticipated. | |
| elements. | | All cost assumptions are presented in Australian dollars. | ||
| | Derivation of transportation charges. | | Transportation charges are not considered as gold is not a | |
| bulk commodity. | ||||
| | The allowances made for royalties payable, both Government and private. |
| Allowance has been made to pay the WA State Government royalty on gold at 2.5%. There also exists a private royalty to |
|
| the Ngadju People who are Traditional Owners of the area | ||||
| where the project is located. This royalty has been allowed for | ||||
| at the agreed rate. | ||||
| Revenue | | The derivation of, or assumptions made regarding | | Head grade is determined by the mining sequence and reflects |
| factors | revenue factors including head grade, metal or | the spatial variation within and between the three deposits. | ||
| commodity price(s) exchange rates, transportation and | | Costs are based on current quotations, designs and proposals | ||
| treatment charges, penalties, net smelter returns, etc. | and have been assumed to be constant for the life of mine. | |||
| | The derivation of assumptions made of metal or | | The gold price of A$1,500/oz reflects the prevailing US$ gold | |
| commodity price(s), for the principal metals, minerals | price and A$:US$ FX rate and has been assumed to remain | |||
| and co-products. | constant for the life of mine. | |||
| Market | | The demand, supply and stock situation for the | | Demand for gold remains strong as a hedge against inflation |
| assessment | particular commodity, consumption trends and factors | and a safe haven investment. | ||
| likely to affect supply and demand into the future. | ||||
| | A customer and competitor analysis along with the | | Gold markets are de-regulated. | |
| identification of likelymarket windows for theproduct. |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| | Price and volume forecasts and the basis for these | | US$ Gold price forecasts and A$:US exchange rates have | |
| forecasts. | been derived by reference to a pool of banker and broker | |||
| forecasts. | ||||
| | For industrial minerals the customer specification, | | Gold is not an industrial mineral. | |
| testing and acceptance requirements prior to a supply | ||||
| contract. | ||||
| Economic | | The inputs to the economic analysis to produce the net | |
An 8% discount rate (real) is applied to cash flow forecasts to |
| present value (NPV) in the study, the source and | generate a Net Present Value (NPV) of the project. | |||
| confidence of these economic inputs including | | A range of parameters have been analysed for NPV sensitivity. | ||
| estimated inflation, discount rate, etc. | The project is most sensitive to gold price, head grade mill | |||
| | NPV ranges and sensitivity to variations in the | recovery and operating costs. | ||
| significant assumptions and inputs. | ||||
| Social | | The status of agreements with key stakeholders and | | The Mt Henry project has not yet commenced and requires |
| matters leading to social licence to operate. | various approvals from the Western Australian Government | |||
| including Mining Proposal (Department of Mines and | ||||
| Petroleum), Works approval (Department of Environmental | ||||
| Regulation) and Groundwater abstraction license (5c) from | ||||
| Department of Water. | ||||
| | An adjacent tenement is being obtained to allow for waste | |||
| dumping. The process is nearing completion. | ||||
| | Various miscellaneous license and general purpose leases to | |||
| support project infrastructure have been applied for but they | ||||
| are not yet granted. | ||||
| | A native title agreement has been negotiated with the | |||
| Traditional Owners (Nadju People) which includes provision for | ||||
| a miningoperation at the Mt Henry project. | ||||
| Other | To the extent relevant, the impact of the following on the | |||
| project and/or on the estimation and classification of the | ||||
| Ore Reserves: | ||||
| | Any identified material naturally occurring risks. | | There are no naturally occurring material risks identified. | |
| | The status of material legal agreements and marketing | | There are no known legal matters which constitute a material | |
| arrangements. | risk. | |||
| | The status of governmental agreements and approvals | |
The Resources are all on granted mining leases. The leases | |
| critical to the viability of the project, such as mineral | are due for renewal in 2028. All the other associated | |||
| tenement status, and government and statutory | tenements are in good standing. | |||
| approvals. There must be reasonable grounds to | | It is reasonable to assume that based on consultation to date | ||
| expect that all necessary Government approvals will be | with various government departments that approval to | |||
| received within the timeframes anticipated in the Pre- | commence mining will be granted within standard timeframes. | |||
| Feasibility or Feasibility study. Highlight and discuss | ||||
| the materiality of any unresolved matter that is | ||||
| dependent on a third party on which extraction of the | ||||
| reserve is contingent. | ||||
| Classification | | The basis for the classification of the Ore Reserves | | The Probable Ore Reserve is based entirely on the Indicated |
| into varying confidence categories. | Mineral Resource lying within the pit designs with appropriate | |||
| modifying factors applied. | ||||
| | The proportion of Probable Ore Reserves that have | | A small amount of Inferred Mineral Resource (4.4%) is | |
| been derived from Measured Mineral Resources (if | included in the Mining Inventory | |||
| any). | | No Measured Mineral resource has been defined at the | ||
| project. | ||||
| | Whether the result appropriately reflects the | | The result appropriately reflects the Competent Person‟s view | |
| Competent Person‟s view of the deposit. | of the deposits. | |||
| Audits or | | The results of any audits or reviews of Ore Reserve | | Much of the input data to the Ore Reserves is prepared by |
| reviews | estimates. | independent consultants which use internal review and audit | ||
| processes. In addition, the Panoramic project team reviews all | ||||
| work and results on a routine basis. There is no regular | ||||
| external reviewprocess inplace. | ||||
| Discussion of | | Where appropriate a statement of the relative accuracy | |
The accuracy of the Ore Reserve is largely governed by the |
| relative | and confidence level in the Ore Reserve estimate | confidence in the underlying Indicated Mineral Resource. By | ||
| accuracy/ | using an approach or procedure deemed appropriate | definition, this has a degree of uncertainty at both local and | ||
| confidence | by the Competent Person. For example, the application | global scale due to assumptions about grade and geological | ||
| of statistical or geostatistical procedures to quantify the | continuity which are documented in the Mineral Resource | |||
| relative accuracy of the reserve within stated | reports. | |||
| confidence limits, or, if such an approach is not | | Modifying factors are considered to have a high degree of | ||
| deemed appropriate,aqualitative discussion of the | confidence due to the simple mining procedureplanned at |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|
| factors which could affect the relative accuracy and | each deposit. | ||
| confidence of the estimate. | |||
| | The statement should specify whether it relates to | ||
| global or local estimates, and, if local, state the | |||
| relevant tonnages, which should be relevant to | |||
| technical and economic evaluation. Documentation | |||
| should include assumptions made and the procedures | |||
| used. | |||
| | Accuracy and confidence discussions should extend to | ||
| specific discussions of any applied Modifying Factors | |||
| that may have a material impact on Ore Reserve | |||
| viability, or for which there are remaining areas of | |||
| uncertainty at the current study stage. | |||
| | It is recognised that this may not be possible or | ||
| appropriate in all circumstances. These statements of | |||
| relative accuracy and confidence of the estimate | |||
| should be compared with production data, where | |||
| available. |
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