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Liveperson Inc. — Director's Dealing 2017
Jun 7, 2017
6896_rns_2017-06-07_20fd04ff-88dc-4582-a12a-99d6025ee5e8.pdf
Director's Dealing
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Check this box if no longer subject to Section 16. Form 4 or Form 5 obligations may continue. See Instruction 1(b).
FORM 4 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP
Filed pursuant to Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Section 17(a) of the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 or Section 30(h) of the Investment Company Act of 1940
| OMB APPROVAL | |
|---|---|
| OMB Number: | 3235-0287 |
| Expires: | _ |
| Estimated average burden | |
| hours per response: | 0.5 |
| 1. Name and Address of Reporting Person* MOSSLER, FRED |
2. Issuer Name and Ticker or Trading Symbol LIVEPERSON INC [ LPSN ] |
5. Relationship of Reporting Person(s) to Issuer (Check all applicable) X Director 10% Owner |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Last) C/O LIVEPERSON, INC., |
(First) | (Middle) | 3. Date of Earliest Transaction (Month/Day/Year) 06/02/2017 |
Officer (give title Other (specify below) below) |
| 475 TENTH AVE, 5TH FLOOR | 4. If Amendment, Date of Original Filed (Month/Day/Year) | 6. Individual or Joint/Group Filing (Check Applicable | ||
| (Street) NEW YORK |
NY | 10018 | Line) X Form filed by One Reporting Person |
|
| (City) | (State) | (Zip) | Form filed by More than One Reporting Person | |
Table I - Non-Derivative Securities Acquired, Disposed of, or Beneficially Owned
| 1. Title of Security (Instr. 3) | 2. Transaction Date (Month/Day/Year) |
2A. Deemed Execution Date, if any (Month/Day/Year) |
3. Transaction Code (Instr. 8) |
4. Securities Acquired (A) or Disposed Of (D) (Instr. 3, 4 and 5) |
5. Amount of Securities Beneficially Owned |
6. Ownership Form: Direct (D) or Indirect (I) |
7. Nature of Indirect Beneficial Ownership |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Code | V | Amount | (A) or (D) |
Price | Following Reported Transaction(s) (Instr. 3 and 4) |
(Instr. 4) | (Instr. 4) |
Table II - Derivative Securities Acquired, Disposed of, or Beneficially Owned (e.g., puts, calls, warrants, options, convertible securities)
| 1. Title of Derivative Security (Instr. 3) |
2. Conversion or Exercise Price of Derivative Security |
3. Transaction Date (Month/Day/Year) |
3A. Deemed Execution Date, if any (Month/Day/Year) |
4. Transaction Code (Instr. 8) |
5. Number of Derivative Securities Acquired (A) or Disposed of (D) (Instr. 3, 4 and 5) |
6. Date Exercisable and Expiration Date (Month/Day/Year) |
7. Title and Amount of Securities Underlying Derivative Security (Instr. 3 and 4) |
8. Price of Derivative Security (Instr. 5) |
9. Number of derivative Securities Beneficially Owned Following Reported Transaction(s) (Instr. 4) |
10. Ownership Form: Direct (D) or Indirect (I) (Instr. 4) |
11. Nature of Indirect Beneficial Ownership (Instr. 4) |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Code | V | (A) | (D) | Date Exercisable |
Expiration Date |
Title | Amount or Number of Shares |
|||||||||||||
| Stock Option (Right to Buy) |
\$10.60 | 06/02/2017 | A | 30,000 | (1) | 06/01/2027 | Common Stock | 30,000 | \$0 | 30,000 | D |
Explanation of Responses:
- This option will become fully exercisable on June 2, 2018.
| /s/ Monica L. Greenberg, | |
|---|---|
| Attorney-in-Fact | 06/06/2017 |
** Signature of Reporting Person Date
Reminder: Report on a separate line for each class of securities beneficially owned directly or indirectly.
* If the form is filed by more than one reporting person, see Instruction 4 (b)(v).
** Intentional misstatements or omissions of facts constitute Federal Criminal Violations See 18 U.S.C. 1001 and 15 U.S.C. 78ff(a).
Note: File three copies of this Form, one of which must be manually signed. If space is insufficient, see Instruction 6 for procedure.
Check this box if no longer subject to Section 16. Form 4 or Form 5 obligations may continue. See Instruction 1(b).
FORM 4 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP
Filed pursuant to Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Section 17(a) of the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 or Section 30(h) of the Investment Company Act of 1940
| OMB APPROVAL | |
|---|---|
| OMB Number: | 3235-0287 |
| Expires: | _ |
| Estimated average burden | |
| hours per response: | 0.5 |
| LAYFIELD, JILL | 1. Name and Address of Reporting Person* | LIVEPERSON INC [ LPSN ] | 2. Issuer Name and Ticker or Trading Symbol | 5. Relationship of Reporting Person(s) to Issuer (Check all applicable) X Director 10% Owner |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Last) C/O LIVEPERSON, INC., |
(First) 475 TENTH AVENUE, 5TH FLOOR |
(Middle) | 06/02/2017 | 3. Date of Earliest Transaction (Month/Day/Year) | Officer (give title Other (specify below) below) |
|||||||
| (Street) NEW YORK |
NY | 10018 | 4. If Amendment, Date of Original Filed (Month/Day/Year) | 6. Individual or Joint/Group Filing (Check Applicable Line) X Form filed by One Reporting Person |
||||||||
| (City) | (State) | (Zip) | Form filed by More than One Reporting Person | |||||||||
| Table I - Non-Derivative Securities Acquired, Disposed of, or Beneficially Owned | ||||||||||||
| 1. Title of Security (Instr. 3) | 2. Transaction Date (Month/Day/Year) |
2A. Deemed Execution Date, if any (Month/Day/Year) |
3. Transaction Code (Instr. |
4. Securities Acquired (A) or Disposed Of (D) (Instr. 3, 4 and 5) |
5. Amount of Securities Beneficially |
6. Ownership Form: Direct (D) or |
7. Nature of Indirect Beneficial |
| Owned Following |
Indirect (I) (Instr. 4) |
Ownership (Instr. 4) |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Code | V | Amount | (A) or (D) |
Price | Reported Transaction(s) (Instr. 3 and 4) |
||||||||
| Table II - Derivative Securities Acquired, Disposed of, or Beneficially Owned (e.g., puts, calls, warrants, options, convertible securities) |
|||||||||||||
| 3. Transaction 3A. Deemed 2. 1. Title of Derivative 4. Date Execution Date, Conversion (Month/Day/Year) if any |
5. Number of | 6. Date | 7. Title and Amount of | 8. Price | 9. Number of derivative |
10. | 11. Nature |
8)
| 1. Title of Derivative Security (Instr. 3) |
2. Conversion or Exercise Price of Derivative Security |
Date (Month/Day/Year) |
Execution Date, if any (Month/Day/Year) |
4. Transaction Code (Instr. 8) |
5. Number of Derivative Securities Acquired (A) or Disposed of (D) (Instr. 3, 4 and 5) |
6. Date Exercisable and Expiration Date (Month/Day/Year) |
7. Title and Amount of Securities Underlying Derivative Security (Instr. 3 and 4) |
8. Price of Derivative Security (Instr. 5) |
9. Number of derivative Securities Beneficially Owned Following Reported Transaction(s) (Instr. 4) |
10. Ownership Form: Direct (D) or Indirect (I) (Instr. 4) |
11. Nature of Indirect Beneficial Ownership (Instr. 4) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Code | V | (A) | (D) | Date Exercisable |
Expiration Date |
Title | Amount or Number of Shares |
||||||||
| Stock Option (Right to Buy) |
\$10.60 | 06/02/2017 | A | 30,000 | (1) | 06/01/2027 | Common Stock | 30,000 | \$0 | 30,000 | D |
Explanation of Responses:
- This option will become fully exercisable on June 2, 2018.
Monica Greenberg, Attorney-in-Fact 06/06/2017
** Signature of Reporting Person Date
Reminder: Report on a separate line for each class of securities beneficially owned directly or indirectly.
* If the form is filed by more than one reporting person, see Instruction 4 (b)(v).
** Intentional misstatements or omissions of facts constitute Federal Criminal Violations See 18 U.S.C. 1001 and 15 U.S.C. 78ff(a).
Note: File three copies of this Form, one of which must be manually signed. If space is insufficient, see Instruction 6 for procedure.
Check this box if no longer subject to Section 16. Form 4 or Form 5 obligations may continue. See Instruction 1(b).
FORM 4 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP
Filed pursuant to Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Section 17(a) of the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 or Section 30(h) of the Investment Company Act of 1940
| OMB APPROVAL | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OMB Number: | 3235-0287 | |||||||||
| Expires: | _ | |||||||||
| Estimated average burden | ||||||||||
| hours per response: | 0.5 |
Indirect (I)
Ownership
| Block Peter | 1. Name and Address of Reporting Person* | LIVEPERSON INC [ LPSN ] | 2. Issuer Name and Ticker or Trading Symbol | 5. Relationship of Reporting Person(s) to Issuer (Check all applicable) X Director 10% Owner |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Last) 5TH FLOOR |
(First) C/O LIVEPERSON, INC., 475 TENTH AVENUE, |
(Middle) | 06/02/2017 | 3. Date of Earliest Transaction (Month/Day/Year) | Officer (give title Other (specify below) below) |
|||||||
| (Street) NEW YORK |
NY | 10018 | 4. If Amendment, Date of Original Filed (Month/Day/Year) | 6. Individual or Joint/Group Filing (Check Applicable Line) X Form filed by One Reporting Person |
||||||||
| (City) | (State) | (Zip) | Form filed by More than One Reporting Person | |||||||||
| Table I - Non-Derivative Securities Acquired, Disposed of, or Beneficially Owned | ||||||||||||
| 1. Title of Security (Instr. 3) | 2. Transaction Date (Month/Day/Year) |
2A. Deemed Execution Date, if any (Month/Day/Year) |
3. Transaction Code (Instr. 8) |
4. Securities Acquired (A) or Disposed Of (D) (Instr. 3, 4 and 5) |
5. Amount of Securities Beneficially |
6. Ownership Form: Direct (D) or |
7. Nature of Indirect Beneficial |
| Following | (Instr. 4) | (Instr. 4) | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reported (A) or V Amount Price Code Transaction(s) (D) (Instr. 3 and 4) |
||||||||||||||||||
| Table II - Derivative Securities Acquired, Disposed of, or Beneficially Owned (e.g., puts, calls, warrants, options, convertible securities) |
||||||||||||||||||
| 1. Title of Derivative Security (Instr. 3) |
2. Conversion or Exercise |
3. Transaction Date (Month/Day/Year) |
3A. Deemed Execution Date, if any (Month/Day/Year) |
4. Transaction |
Derivative | 5. Number of | 6. Date | Exercisable and | 7. Title and Amount of Securities Underlying |
8. Price of |
9. Number of derivative Securities |
10. | Ownership | 11. Nature of Indirect |
| Security (Instr. 3) | Conversion or Exercise Price of Derivative Security |
(Month/Day/Year) | if any (Month/Day/Year) |
Transaction Code (Instr. 8) |
Derivative Securities Acquired (A) or Disposed of (D) (Instr. 3, 4 and 5) |
Exercisable and Expiration Date (Month/Day/Year) |
Securities Underlying Derivative Security (Instr. 3 and 4) |
of Derivative Security (Instr. 5) |
derivative Securities Beneficially Owned Following Reported Transaction(s) (Instr. 4) |
Ownership Form: Direct (D) or Indirect (I) (Instr. 4) |
of Indirect Beneficial Ownership (Instr. 4) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Code | V | (A) | (D) | Date Exercisable |
Expiration Date |
Title | Amount or Number of Shares |
||||||||
| Stock Option (Right to Buy) |
\$10.60 | 06/02/2017 | A | 30,000 | (1) | 06/01/2027 | Common Stock | 30,000 | \$0 | 30,000 | D |
Explanation of Responses:
- This option will become fully exercisable on June 2, 2018.
| /s/ Monica Greenberg, as | |
|---|---|
| Attorney-in-Fact | 06/06/2017 |
** Signature of Reporting Person Date
Owned
Reminder: Report on a separate line for each class of securities beneficially owned directly or indirectly.
* If the form is filed by more than one reporting person, see Instruction 4 (b)(v).
** Intentional misstatements or omissions of facts constitute Federal Criminal Violations See 18 U.S.C. 1001 and 15 U.S.C. 78ff(a).
Note: File three copies of this Form, one of which must be manually signed. If space is insufficient, see Instruction 6 for procedure.
Check this box if no longer subject to Section 16. Form 4 or Form 5 obligations may continue. See Instruction 1(b).
FORM 4 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP
Filed pursuant to Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Section 17(a) of the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 or Section 30(h) of the Investment Company Act of 1940
| OMB APPROVAL | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OMB Number: 3235-0287 |
||||||||||
| Expires: | _ | |||||||||
| Estimated average burden | ||||||||||
| hours per response: | 0.5 |
| Wesemann William | 1. Name and Address of Reporting Person* | 2. Issuer Name and Ticker or Trading Symbol LIVEPERSON INC [ LPSN ] |
5. Relationship of Reporting Person(s) to Issuer (Check all applicable) X Director 10% Owner |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Last) (First) (Middle) C/O LIVEPERSON, INC. 475 TENTH AVENUE 5TH FLOOR |
3. Date of Earliest Transaction (Month/Day/Year) 06/02/2017 |
Officer (give title Other (specify below) below) |
||
| (Street) NEW YORK NY 10018 |
4. If Amendment, Date of Original Filed (Month/Day/Year) | 6. Individual or Joint/Group Filing (Check Applicable Line) X Form filed by One Reporting Person Form filed by More than One Reporting Person |
||
| (City) | (State) | (Zip) |
Table I - Non-Derivative Securities Acquired, Disposed of, or Beneficially Owned
| 1. Title of Security (Instr. 3) | 2. Transaction Date (Month/Day/Year) |
2A. Deemed Execution Date, if any (Month/Day/Year) |
3. Transaction Code (Instr. 8) |
4. Securities Acquired (A) or Disposed Of (D) (Instr. 3, 4 and 5) |
5. Amount of Securities Beneficially Owned Following |
6. Ownership Form: Direct (D) or Indirect (I) (Instr. 4) |
7. Nature of Indirect Beneficial Ownership |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Code | V | Amount | (A) or (D) |
Price | Reported Transaction(s) (Instr. 3 and 4) |
(Instr. 4) | ||||
| Common Stock | 06/02/2017 | M | 10,000 | A | \$6.54 | 100,000 | D | |||
| Common Stock | 06/02/2017 | M | 5,000 | A | \$5.24 | 105,000 | D | |||
| Common Stock | 20,000 | I | By Wesemann Family Trust - 2000 |
Table II - Derivative Securities Acquired, Disposed of, or Beneficially Owned (e.g., puts, calls, warrants, options, convertible securities)
| 1. Title of Derivative Security (Instr. 3) |
2. Conversion or Exercise Price of Derivative Security |
3. Transaction Date (Month/Day/Year) |
3A. Deemed Execution Date, if any (Month/Day/Year) |
4. Transaction Code (Instr. 8) |
5. Number of Derivative Securities Acquired (A) or Disposed of (D) (Instr. 3, 4 and 5) |
6. Date Exercisable and Expiration Date (Month/Day/Year) |
7. Title and Amount of Securities Underlying Derivative Security (Instr. 3 and 4) |
8. Price of Derivative Security (Instr. 5) |
9. Number of derivative Securities Beneficially Owned Following Reported Transaction(s) (Instr. 4) |
10. Ownership Form: Direct (D) or Indirect (I) (Instr. 4) |
11. Nature of Indirect Beneficial Ownership (Instr. 4) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Code | V | (A) | (D) | Date Exercisable |
Expiration Date |
Title | Amount or Number of Shares |
| Stock Option (Right to Buy) |
\$10.60 | 06/02/2017 | A | 30,000 | (1) | 06/01/2027 | Common Stock | 30,000 | \$0 | 30,000 | D | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stock Option (Right to Buy) |
\$6.54 | 06/02/2017 | (2) M |
10,000 | 06/12/2007 | 06/12/2017 | Common Stock | 10,000 | \$0 | 0 | D | |
| Stock Option (Right to Buy) |
\$5.24 | 06/02/2017 | (3) M |
5,000 | 07/31/2007 | 07/31/2017 | Common Stock | 5,000 | \$0 | 0 | D |
Explanation of Responses:
-
This option will become fully exercisable on June 2, 2018.
-
The option was exercised and the shares acquired upon such exercise are currently held by the reporting person and have not been sold. If not exercised, the option would have expired on June 12, 2017.
-
The option was exercised and the shares acquired upon such exercise are currently held by the reporting person and have not been sold. If not exercised, the option would have expired on July 31, 2017. /s/ Monica Greenberg, Attorney-in-Fact 06/06/2017
** Signature of Reporting Person Date
Reminder: Report on a separate line for each class of securities beneficially owned directly or indirectly.
* If the form is filed by more than one reporting person, see Instruction 4 (b)(v).
** Intentional misstatements or omissions of facts constitute Federal Criminal Violations See 18 U.S.C. 1001 and 15 U.S.C. 78ff(a).
Note: File three copies of this Form, one of which must be manually signed. If space is insufficient, see Instruction 6 for procedure.
Check this box if no longer subject to Section 16. Form 4 or Form 5 obligations may continue. See Instruction 1(b).
FORM 4 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP
Filed pursuant to Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Section 17(a) of the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 or Section 30(h) of the Investment Company Act of 1940
| OMB APPROVAL | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OMB Number: | 3235-0287 | |||||||||
| Expires: | _ | |||||||||
| Estimated average burden | ||||||||||
| hours per response: | 0.5 |
| LAVAN KEVIN | 1. Name and Address of Reporting Person* | 2. Issuer Name and Ticker or Trading Symbol LIVEPERSON INC [ LPSN ] |
5. Relationship of Reporting Person(s) to Issuer (Check all applicable) X Director 10% Owner |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Last) C/O LIVEPERSON, INC. |
(First) (Middle) 475 10TH AVENUE, 5TH FLOOR |
3. Date of Earliest Transaction (Month/Day/Year) 06/02/2017 |
Officer (give title Other (specify below) below) |
|||||
| (Street) NEW YORK (City) |
NY (State) |
10018 (Zip) |
4. If Amendment, Date of Original Filed (Month/Day/Year) | 6. Individual or Joint/Group Filing (Check Applicable Line) X Form filed by One Reporting Person Form filed by More than One Reporting Person |
||||
Table I - Non-Derivative Securities Acquired, Disposed of, or Beneficially Owned
| 1. Title of Security (Instr. 3) | 2A. Deemed Execution Date, if any (Month/Day/Year) |
3. Transaction Code (Instr. 8) |
4. Securities Acquired (A) or Disposed Of (D) (Instr. 3, 4 and 5) |
5. Amount of Securities Beneficially Owned |
6. Ownership Form: Direct (D) or Indirect (I) |
7. Nature of Indirect Beneficial Ownership (Instr. 4) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Code | V | Amount | (A) or (D) |
Price | Following Reported Transaction(s) (Instr. 3 and 4) |
(Instr. 4) | ||||
| Common Stock | 06/05/2017 | M | 10,000 | A | \$6.54 | 16,000 | D | |||
| Common Stock | 06/05/2017 | D | (1) 3,771 |
D | \$10.50 | 12,229 | D | |||
| Common Stock | 06/05/2017 | F | (2) 6,229 |
D | \$10.50 | 6,000 | D |
Table II - Derivative Securities Acquired, Disposed of, or Beneficially Owned (e.g., puts, calls, warrants, options, convertible securities)
| 1. Title of Derivative Security (Instr. 3) |
2. Conversion or Exercise Price of Derivative Security |
3. Transaction Date (Month/Day/Year) |
3A. Deemed Execution Date, if any (Month/Day/Year) |
4. Transaction Code (Instr. 8) |
5. Number of Derivative Securities Acquired (A) or Disposed of (D) (Instr. 3, 4 and 5) |
6. Date Exercisable and Expiration Date (Month/Day/Year) |
7. Title and Amount of Securities Underlying Derivative Security (Instr. 3 and 4) |
8. Price of Derivative Security (Instr. 5) |
9. Number of derivative Securities Beneficially Owned Following Reported Transaction(s) (Instr. 4) |
10. Ownership Form: Direct (D) or Indirect (I) (Instr. 4) |
11. Nature of Indirect Beneficial Ownership (Instr. 4) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Code | V | (A) | (D) | Date Exercisable |
Expiration Date |
Title | Amount or Number of Shares |
||||||||
| Stock Option (Right to Buy) |
\$10.60 | 06/02/2017 | A | 30,000 | (3) | 06/01/2027 | Common Stock | 30,000 | \$0 | 30,000 | D |
| Stock Option (Right to Buy) |
\$6.54 | 06/05/2017 | M | 10,000 | (4) (5) | 06/12/2017 | Common Stock | 10,000 | \$0 | 0 | D | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -------------------------------- | -------- | ------------ | -- | --- | -- | -------- | -- | --------- | ------------ | -------------- | -------- | ----- | --- | --- | -- |
Explanation of Responses:
-
The option was exercised and the shares acquired upon such exercise are currently held by the reporting person and have not been sold.
-
These shares were repurchased by the Issuer pursuant to its stock buyback program. The repurchase price was the closing market price of the shares on the date of repurchase.
-
This option will become fully exercisable on June 2, 2018.
-
The option was fully vested and currently exercisable.
-
If not exercised, the option would have expired on June 12, 2017.
/s/ Monica Greenberg, Attorney-in-Fact 06/06/2017
** Signature of Reporting Person Date
Reminder: Report on a separate line for each class of securities beneficially owned directly or indirectly.
* If the form is filed by more than one reporting person, see Instruction 4 (b)(v).
** Intentional misstatements or omissions of facts constitute Federal Criminal Violations See 18 U.S.C. 1001 and 15 U.S.C. 78ff(a).
Note: File three copies of this Form, one of which must be manually signed. If space is insufficient, see Instruction 6 for procedure.