Koskisen Oyj

Annual Report (ESEF) • Apr 17, 2025

9845000D85046ECFFF27-2024-12-31-en iso4217:EURxbrli:sharesiso4217:EUR9845000D85046ECFFF272024-01-012024-12-319845000D85046ECFFF272023-01-012023-12-319845000D85046ECFFF272024-12-319845000D85046ECFFF272023-12-319845000D85046ECFFF272023-12-31ifrs-full:IssuedCapitalMember9845000D85046ECFFF272023-12-31ifrs-full:StatutoryReserveMember9845000D85046ECFFF272023-12-31ko:ReserveForInvestedUnrestrictedEquity19845000D85046ECFFF272023-12-31ifrs-full:TreasurySharesMember9845000D85046ECFFF272023-12-31ifrs-full:ReserveOfExchangeDifferencesOnTranslationMember9845000D85046ECFFF272023-12-31ifrs-full:RetainedEarningsMember9845000D85046ECFFF272023-12-31ifrs-full:EquityAttributableToOwnersOfParentMember9845000D85046ECFFF272024-01-012024-12-31ifrs-full:RetainedEarningsMember9845000D85046ECFFF272024-01-012024-12-31ifrs-full:EquityAttributableToOwnersOfParentMember9845000D85046ECFFF272024-01-012024-12-31ifrs-full:ReserveOfExchangeDifferencesOnTranslationMember9845000D85046ECFFF272024-12-31ifrs-full:IssuedCapitalMember9845000D85046ECFFF272024-12-31ifrs-full:StatutoryReserveMember9845000D85046ECFFF272024-12-31ko:ReserveForInvestedUnrestrictedEquity19845000D85046ECFFF272024-12-31ifrs-full:TreasurySharesMember9845000D85046ECFFF272024-12-31ifrs-full:ReserveOfExchangeDifferencesOnTranslationMember9845000D85046ECFFF272024-12-31ifrs-full:RetainedEarningsMember9845000D85046ECFFF272024-12-31ifrs-full:EquityAttributableToOwnersOfParentMember9845000D85046ECFFF272022-12-31ifrs-full:IssuedCapitalMember9845000D85046ECFFF272022-12-31ifrs-full:StatutoryReserveMember9845000D85046ECFFF272022-12-31ko:ReserveForInvestedUnrestrictedEquity19845000D85046ECFFF272022-12-31ifrs-full:TreasurySharesMember9845000D85046ECFFF272022-12-31ifrs-full:ReserveOfExchangeDifferencesOnTranslationMember9845000D85046ECFFF272022-12-31ifrs-full:RetainedEarningsMember9845000D85046ECFFF272022-12-31ifrs-full:EquityAttributableToOwnersOfParentMember9845000D85046ECFFF272022-12-319845000D85046ECFFF272023-01-012023-12-31ifrs-full:RetainedEarningsMember9845000D85046ECFFF272023-01-012023-12-31ifrs-full:EquityAttributableToOwnersOfParentMember9845000D85046ECFFF272023-01-012023-12-31ifrs-full:ReserveOfExchangeDifferencesOnTranslationMember9845000D85046ECFFF272023-01-012023-12-31ifrs-full:TreasurySharesMember Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 (Unofficial translation of Finnish original) Koskisen Corporation Business identity code 0148241-9 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 2 Table of Contents Report of the Board of Directors .................................. 4 Sustainability Statement ........................................................ 18 General disclosures ............................................................... 19 Environmental information ................................................ 52 Social information .................................................................. 85 Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS) .............. 102 Consolidated statement of comprehensive income .... 102 Consolidated balance sheet .................................................. 103 Consolidated statement of changes in equity ............... 104 Consolidated statement of cash flows .............................. 106 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements . 107 1. General information and basis of preparation ............ 107 2. Segment information and revenue ................................ 109 3. Financial risk and capital management ....................... 111 4. Other operating income .................................................... 116 5. Materials and services ......................................................... 116 6. Employee benefit expenses .............................................. 117 7. Share-based incentive plans ............................................. 118 8. Depreciation, amortisation and impairment .............. 121 9. Other operating expenses ................................................. 122 10. Finance income and costs ............................................... 123 11. Income tax .............................................................................. 123 12. Property, plant and equipment ...................................... 127 13. Forest assets .......................................................................... 130 14. Leases ...................................................................................... 130 15. Intangible assets .................................................................. 133 16. Inventories ............................................................................. 134 17. Other receivables ................................................................. 134 18. Assets held for sale .............................................................. 135 19. Equity ....................................................................................... 135 20. Earnings per share ............................................................. 136 21. Financial assets and liabilities ......................................... 137 22. Provisions ............................................................................... 141 23. Other payables ..................................................................... 142 24. Group structure ................................................................... 142 25. Related party transactions .............................................. 143 26. Contingent liabilities and commitments ................... 144 27. Events after the financial period ................................... 144 Parent company’s Financial Statements (FAS) ..... 146 Income statement .................................................................... 146 Balance sheet ............................................................................. 147 Statement of cash flows ......................................................... 149 Notes to the financial statements of parent company ....................................................................................... 150 Signatures of the Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements ...................................................... 162 Auditor’s Report ........................................................................ 163 Assurance Report on the Sustainability Report ............ 168 Independent Auditor’s Reasonable Assurance Report on Koskisen Oyj ESEF Financial Statements ... 170 Information for investors ........................................................ 172 Report of the Board of Directors and Sustainability Statement This section presents Koskisen’s Report of the Board of Directors 2024 and a report about Koskisen Group’s material sustainability topics. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 4 Report of the Board of Directors Koskisen is a Finnish wood processing company with ” Koskisen’s ability to create value is based on a material-efficient and integrated value chain from the forest to the end product. more than a hundred years of history. The main raw material used by Koskisen in its production is wood, which Koskisen processes into sawn timber, plywood and chipboard, among other products. Koskisen has two business segments: Sawn Timber Industry and Panel Industry. Sawn Timber Industry produces sawn and processed timber, while Panel Industry produces birch plywood, thin plywood, veneer, chipboard and interior solutions for light and heavy-duty commercial vehicles under the Kore brand. Koskisen’s wood procurement function is part of the Sawn Timber Industry segment. The wood procurement function is responsible for procuring wood for Koskisen’s own production plants, delivering side streams from Koskisen’s own production to the power plants owned and operated by Loimua Oy for bioenergy production at Koskisen’s production plants and several other power plants in the vicinity, as well as supplying raw material (chips and pulpwood) to paper and pulp manufacturers. Koskisen’s production plants are located in Järvelä and Hirvensalmi, Finland, as well as in Toporów and Skwierzyna, Poland. The company’s shares have been listed on Nasdaq Helsinki’s main list as of 1 December 2022. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 5 Result and financial position Consolidated revenue increased in January–December and amounted to EUR 282.3 (271.3) million. The increase in revenue was mainly due to higher delivery volumes in the Sawn Timber Industry segment than in the comparison period and slightly higher sales prices of end products. Adjusted EBITDA declined to EUR 24.3 (33.1) million. The decrease in EBITDA was mainly due to reduced delivery volumes in the Panel Industry segment and increased costs of wood raw material. Operating profit came to EUR 13.0 (24.4) million. Depreciation, amortisation and impairment amounted to EUR 11.2 (8.6) million. Profit before income tax amounted to EUR 10.0 (24.1) million and income tax for the period amounted to EUR 1.7 (3.8) million. The profit for the financial period came to EUR 8.3 (20.2) million, and earnings per share were EUR 0.36 (0.88). Segments The Sawn Timber Industry segment’s revenue amounted to EUR 139.7 (122.4) million and EBITDA to EUR 7.2 (3.3) million. The Panel Industry segment’s revenue amounted to EUR 142.4 (148.8) million and EBITDA to EUR 17.7 (29.3) million. Balance sheet, cash flow and financing At the end of the accounting period, Koskisen’s equity ratio was 54.0 (54.8) per cent, and gearing was 15.4 (-1.8) per cent. Cash flow from operating activities for January–December amounted to EUR 14.0 (14.9) million. The effect of the change in working capital was EUR -10.5 (-11.9) million. The most significant item in the change in working capital was the increase in inventories, which reflects increased sawmill volumes and increased timber prices. Trade payables increased mainly due to the increased volume of timber trade. Cash flow from financing activities amounted to EUR -17.7 (-17.6) million, with the largest item being the dividend payment in the spring. The cash flow also reflected the start of repayments of loans related to the financing of sawmill investments. Cash flow from investment activities came to EUR -0.2 (-36.2) million, of which cash flow from tangible and intangible assets was EUR -20.2 (-16.0) million and deposits released amounted to EUR 20.0 (-20.0) million. EUR million 2024 2023 2022 Revenue 282.3 271.3 317.7 EBITDA 24.2 33.0 66.3 EBITDA margin, % 8.6 12.2 20.9 Adjusted EBITDA 24.3 33.1 66.6 Adjusted EBITDA margin, % 8.6 12.2 21.0 Operating profit (EBIT) 13.0 24.4 58.2 Operating profit (EBIT) margin, % 4.6 9.0 18.3 Profit for the period 8.3 20.2 46.0 Basic earnings per share, EUR 0.36 0.88 2.5 Diluted earnings per share, EUR 0.36 0.87 2.5 Gross investments 22.2 32.1 27.0 Equity per share, EUR 6.5 6.4 5.9 Return on capital employed (ROCE), % 6.1 12.1 35.7 Working capital, end of period 45.9 37.9 28.9 Net cash flow from operating activities 14.0 14.9 47.2 Equity ratio, % 54.0 54.8 52.7 Gearing, % 15.4 -1.8 -21.0 Interest-bearing liabilities at the end of the period amounted to EUR 66.3 (63.7) million and liquid assets totalled EUR 43.3 (66.4) million. Interest-bearing net liabilities amounted to EUR 22.9 (-2.7) million. Koskisen’s liquidity has remained strong. At the end of the accounting period, available liquidity amounted to EUR 43.3 (66.4) million, comprising cash and cash equivalents of EUR 31.8 (35.8) million, deposits of EUR 0.0 (20.0) million and EUR 11.5 (10.6) million of current financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, the most significant of which was a capital redemption contract. In addition, the company has an unused account limit of approximately EUR 7.2 million. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 6 Investments Gross investments in tangible and intangible assets in January–December amounted to EUR 22.2 (32.1) million. The investments included the construction of a new log yard, a channel dryer, the renovation of the upstream part of the second planing plant and a new sawmill. At the end of the financial period, advance payments and work in progress included EUR 13.1 million related to the construction of the new log yard. New log yard In autumn 2023, Koskisen decided to invest approximately EUR 15 million in a log yard to be built next to the new sawmill, including a log sorting yard and line with control room facilities and a stormwater treatment system. The project also includes a new entrance route to the plant area, gate area, access control and a truck scale. The construction of the log yard progressed as planned in 2024: the test runs of the log yard began in December and continued in early 2025. The new log yard was fully commissioned at the end of February 2025. Eliminating the need to transport logs from the old log yard reduces transport costs and carbon dioxide emissions from transportation. Expansion of the Kore business In summer 2024, Koskisen decided to invest approximately EUR 3 million in the Kore business, which manufactures interior solutions for light commercial vehicles. The investment focuses on the machinery of the new production unit established in Skwierzyna, Poland, including CNC machines and their ancillary equipment. The investment in the Kore business proceeded as planned and the ramp-up of production to an industrial scale began late in the year. After the ramp-up phase, Skiwierzyna will focus on stabilising production and optimising efficiency between the two Polish units, Toporów and Skwierzyna. Investment programme in the Panel Industry segment In December 2024, Koskisen launched a comprehensive investment programme in the plywood production of the Panel Industry business in Järvelä. The investment programme extends until the end of Koskisen’s strategy period, i.e. 2027. The first phase of the investment programme will be carried out in 2025, and the total value of the related investments will be approximately EUR 12 million. The systematic investment programme of the Panel Industry segment will enable volume growth, streamline production and facilitate related internal logistics. The investments to be made also include the automation of production phases. Value creation Koskisen’s ability to create value is based on a material- efficient and integrated value chain from the forest to the end product. Koskisen’s efficient integrated operating model enables the optimum use of wood as a raw material at its production facilities, and Koskisen’s wood procurement enables the availability of high- quality wood raw material. Koskisen’s integrated operating model is based on interlinked processes, which form the basis of Koskisen’s business from the forest through production to finished products. Koskisen’s entire value chain, from harvesting to final products, is designed around synergetic material flows and an agile operating model, which enables the use of raw materials from different sources. In Koskisen’s integrated operating model, wood procurement procures the raw materials that are delivered to Koskisen’s production facilities for processing. The by-products generated early in the production process, such as bark, are used for heat production of the production plant processes in Järvelä and Hirvensalmi. The by-products generated by the Sawn Timber Industry segment and Koskisen’s birch plywood production, such as part of the wood chips and sawdust, are used in Koskisen’s chipboard production. Koskisen is the only mechanical wood industry company in Finland with the level of integration described above. Koskisen’s key intangible assets include the company’s brand and reputation, its skilled and committed personnel, a synergistic operating model that enables resource efficiency, and strategic partnerships. These resources provide Koskisen with a competitive advantage and are a central part of the company’s strategy. Strategy Koskisen published its specified strategic growth paths and related measures for the strategy period 2024–2027 in May 2024. At the core of the specified strategy are 1) creating value for customers, 2) developing current operations and 3) taking bold steps. Value creation for customers is created through high- quality and customised products, customer-oriented services and innovative solutions. The development of current operations is closely linked to strengthening competitiveness and differentiation, product development and the efficient introduction of defined initiatives. Bold steps, on the other hand, include investments and possible acquisitions. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 7 The clarified strategy will support the growth leap by the end of 2027 pursued by Koskisen, which was set earlier. The completed comprehensive strategy work provides the company with a clear direction for implementing this sustainable growth. One of the key growth drivers is the new sawmill and the development of closely related operations. The new sawmill is the heart of the entire integrated and synergistic business. By increasing sawing volumes, we ensure the availability of wood raw material also for the needs of the Panel Industry through increasing wood procurement volumes and side streams of the sawmill production. Growth in both businesses, Sawn Timber Industry and Panel Industry, will be generated primarily through volume increase, new wood-based products and expanding customer relationships. Naturally, the company will invest in the continuous development of its own operations. Financial objectives for 2027 Koskisen’s Board of Directors has confirmed the following long-term financial targets extending over the business cycle, which the company aims to achieve by the end of 2027. Growth: revenue of EUR 500 million for the financial period ending on 31 December 2027, including both organic and inorganic growth Profitability: adjusted EBITDA margin averaging 15 per cent over the cycle Balance sheet: maintaining a strong balance sheet Dividend policy: attractive dividend of at least one-third of the net profit each year Key sustainability objectives for 2027 In June, Koskisen published a sustainability programme, and its key sustainability objectives were incorporated into the strategy. They are as follows: 1) We implement biodiversity measures in the forest environment, 2) We reduce CO2 emissions in our own activities and our value chain, 3) We make wise use of wood, down to the last particle of sawdust, 4) We promote a safe work environment, and 5) We support well-being at work and competence development. More sustainable development goals have been defined in the company’s sustainability programme. The achievement of the targets will be monitored through the indicators set for them. Personnel The Koskisen Group had an average of 948 (888) employees in October–December 2024 and 943 (883) employees at the end of December. The increase in the number of personnel was mainly related to the growth of the Panel Industry segment’s Kore business. Wages and salaries, share-based payments and seniority allowances paid to personnel in 2024 totalled EUR 39.9 (38.9) million. Incentive schemes for the management and key personnel Koskisen has a share-based incentive programme 2022–2026 for its key employees. The purpose of the incentive programme is to align the objectives of the company’s shareholders and persons participating in the program in order to increase the value of the company in the long term, commit the participants to the company and offer them a competitive incentive programme for earning and accumulating shares. The 2022–2026 incentive programme consists of three three-year earning periods, namely 2022–2024, 2023– 2025 and 2024–2026. The Company’s Board of Directors determines the key persons eligible for the incentive programme for each earning period, as well as the earning criteria and objectives, which may be based on financial performance, strategy or other objectives. On 13 May 2024, the Board of Directors resolved on the criteria and targets as well as the key employees eligible for the incentive programme 2022–2026 for the third earning period 2024–2026. The Board of Directors of Koskisen Corporation decided on 27 June 2024 to add new participants to the earning period 2024–2026, after which the maximum number of participants will be 25. After the change, the maximum number of shares to be distributed for the earning period is a total of 331,000 gross shares. In addition, the Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 8 Board of Directors decided to add one participant to the earning period 2022–2024, after which the total number of participants will be 7 participants. After the change, the maximum number of shares to be distributed for the earning period is a total of 156,000 gross shares. Remuneration Report Koskisen’s Remuneration Report 2024 will be published as a separate report from the Report of the Board of Directors. Research and development Koskisen’s main product groups include sawn and processed timber in the Sawn Timber segment and birch plywood, thin plywood, veneer, chipboard and interior solutions for light and heavy-duty commercial vehicles under the Kore brand in the Panel Industry segment. Koskisen’s product development aims to improve the functionality and properties of products in accordance with the principles of responsible and sustainable development and focuses on material efficiency, recyclability and fossil-free raw materials. Koskisen’s product development focuses on improving long-term use, renewability and safety, as well as on developing new products. The Group’s research and development expenditure amounted to EUR 0.3 (0.5) million, or 0.1 (0.2) per cent of revenue. Risks and uncertainties and their management The Board of Directors of Koskisen Corporation has confirmed the Group’s risk management policy and risk management principles. All Group companies and businesses regularly assess and report on the risks related to their business operations and the adequacy of the required control methods and risk management measures. The purpose of these risk assessments is to ensure adequate measures to manage risks. Risk management frameworks, policies and principles are regularly assessed and developed. Short-term risks The Group’s most significant short-term risks are related to the availability of raw materials and the management of price changes, negative changes in the general geopolitical situation, the general weakening of the market situation and its effect on market demand, the solvency of customers and the purchasing power of consumers, the delivery capability of suppliers and service providers, the seasonality of operations, changes in business areas and customer relationships, and the success of the ramp-up of production at the new sawmill. The most significant risks related to Koskisen’s operations The following table provides a brief summary of the most significant risks related to Koskisen’s operations. Together or separately, the risks may have a positive or negative impact on Koskisen’s operations, performance, financial position, competitiveness and reputation. The risks are presented in a random order in the table. Sustainability-related impacts and risks are described in the sustainability statement. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 9 RISKS RELATED TO KOSKISEN’S OPERATING ENVIRONMENT Description of the risk Risk management and factors that mitigate uncertainty Koskisen operates in cyclical sawmill and panel industry markets, and the uncertainty and unfavourable development of the economic situation may reduce the demand for Koskisen’s products or the profitability of its operations, which may have an adverse effect on Koskisen’s business operations, operating result and financial position. Koskisen has two business segments with partially countercyclical markets. This softens the impact of cyclicality at the Group level. Koskisen operates in several markets and its customers represent several end-use segments with different demand drivers. Fluctuations in wood prices, disturbances in wood supply and impacts on the availability of wood may cause significant costs, disturbances in production and adversely affect Koskisen’s profitability. Koskisen has an extensive and professional wood procurement organisation with decades of experience in the industry. Wood procurement aims to proactively react to potential risks related to wood raw material. The effects of general cost inflation on production costs and thus Koskisen’s profitability. The procurement organisation closely monitors the development of production costs and engages in close dialogue with production and sales regarding the possible impact of costs on the pricing of final products. In accordance with its hedging policy, Koskisen uses hedging instruments to control key production factors, such as electricity price fluctuations. Any pandemics or epidemics can disrupt Koskisen’s operations and result in significant costs. Koskisen aims to prevent and, if necessary, minimise the impact of any pandemics or epidemics on the health and safety of personnel and ensure undisturbed supply chain with various exceptional arrangements, such as the use of different types of protective equipment or restrictions on group sizes. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 10 RISKS RELATED TO KOSKISEN’S BUSINESS Description of the risk Risk management and factors that mitigate uncertainty Significant disruptions or interruptions in Koskisen’s production or deliveries, damage to, destruction or closure of Koskisen’s production facilities would materially impair Koskisen’s ability to deliver its products to customers and would have an adverse effect on its business operations and operating result. Koskisen manages its integrated production and supply chain taking risk factors into account. Koskisen has prepared for any disruptions in production and business caused by accidents through comprehensive insurance policies. Koskisen may lose significant customers, which may have a material adverse effect on Koskisen’s business operations and profitability. Koskisen’s customer base is geographically diversified and spread over different industries. There are no individual customers in the customer base whose share of revenue would be significant. Koskisen’s business operations involve risks related to environmental pollution and environmental damage. Koskisen’s production operations require a valid environmental permit. Koskisen monitors, supervises and reports the environmental impacts of its operations systematically. Koskisen has quality, environmental and safety management certificates audited annually by a third party. Other environmental risks are described in the sustainability statement. Koskisen’s business operations involve safety and health risks, such as accident and damage risks in its production facilities, which, if realised, could lead to Koskisen’s obligation to compensate for damages and delay or interfere with the delivery of Koskisen’s products and services. Koskisen has comprehensive insurance policies in case of accidents and damage. The need for insurance is assessed annually and whenever necessary due to particular changed circumstance. Koskisen carries out systematic safety work and invests in modern safety equipment to minimise risks. Failure to recruit competent management or personnel or loss of key personnel could have a materially detrimental effect on Koskisen’s ability to conduct its business. Koskisen manages risk, for example by offering interesting work assignments, competitive reward, investments in personnel development and training. In addition, annual personnel surveys are used to survey the work community’s well-being, motivation and related development needs. Difficulties in maintaining and updating IT infrastructure, shortcomings in IT systems and external cyber-attacks related to IT systems may have a detrimental effect on Koskisen. Koskisen is prepared for increased cybercrime and information system disruptions. The purpose of systematic monitoring and the placement of critical systems in cloud services is to ensure that the company is able to react quickly and has the best expertise in the event of an incident. The weakening of Koskisen’s reputation could affect its business operations. The Code of Conduct is the foundation of Koskisen’s business operations. The company’s Code of Ethics guide to operating honestly, transparently, lawfully and ethically with all stakeholders. Industrial action, such as strikes, can disrupt Koskisen’s business operations. Koskisen respects the freedom of association. Koskisen maintains an open and active dialogue with different labour market parties. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 11 RISKS RELATED TO THE FINANCIAL POSITION AND FINANCING Description of the risk Risk management and factors that mitigate uncertainty The covenants included in Koskisen’s financing agreements may limit Koskisen’s business operations and financial flexibility, and Koskisen may have difficulties in complying with the terms of its financing agreements, which may lead to the financing agreements falling prematurely due or increased costs. Koskisen takes care of its solvency, sufficient and functional funding relationships and the structure of financing. Koskisen actively and proactively monitors the development of its solvency and financial position. The management of financial risks is discussed in more detail in Note 3 to the financial statements. Exchange rate fluctuations may have a material adverse effect on Koskisen. Koskisen uses currency hedging instruments in accordance with the hedging policy approved by the Board of Directors. Credit losses may have a detrimental effect on the operating result of Koskisen. In accordance with its policy, Koskisen has comprehensive credit risk insurance policies and well-functioning risk management processes. Governance Composition of the Board of Directors On 31 December 2024, Koskisen Corporation’s Board of Directors had the following six members: Pekka Kuusniemi (Chair of the Board of Directors), Hanna Sievinen (Vice Chair of the Board of Directors), Kari Koskinen, Kalle Reponen, Hanna Masala and Eva Wathén. Corporate Governance Statement Koskisen Corporation’s Corporate Governance Statement 2024 will be published as a separate statement from the Report of the Board of Directors. Shares and ownership Koskisen’s share capital amounts to EUR 1,512,000. On 31 December 2024, the total number of issued shares was 23,025,159 and the total number of outstanding shares was 23,024,073. The company has one series of shares. One share carries one vote at the general meeting. The shares have no nominal value. The company’s shares have been listed on Nasdaq Helsinki Oy as of 1 December 2022. Treasury shares On 31 December 2024, the company held 1,086 treasury shares, which was 0.005 per cent of the total number of shares. The shares were acquired through an over-the- counter transaction. The share repurchases are related to Koskisen Corporation’s personnel offering carried out in autumn 2022. The shares have been redeemed in accordance with the terms and conditions of the offering from persons who left the company before autumn 2024. The shares were redeemed at a price of EUR 3 per share, which is the same as the subscription price for the personnel offering. Share price and turnover A total of 2,026,672 of the company’s shares were traded on the Helsinki Stock Exchange between 1 January and 31 December 2024, corresponding to 8.8 per cent of the total number of shares. The highest share price was EUR 7.98 and the lowest EUR 5.94. The average price of the shares traded was EUR 6.39. The share turnover was EUR 12,952,718. At the end of the review period, the market capitalisation of the company was EUR 160,255,107. Authorisations of the Board of Directors On 16 May 2024, the Annual General Meeting authorised the Board of Directors to resolve on the repurchase of the company’s own shares. Under the authorisation, the Board of Directors may resolve on the repurchase of a maximum of 1,000,000 of the company’s own shares. The repurchase authorisation is valid until 30 June 2025, and it revokes all previous repurchase authorisations concerning the company’s own shares. On 16 May 2024, the Annual General Meeting authorised the Board of Directors to resolve on issuing new shares and/or transferring treasury shares held by the company and/or issuing option rights and other special rights referred to in chapter 10, section 1 of the Limited Liability Companies Act. Under the authorisation, a maximum of 2,000,000 new shares may be issued and/ or treasury shares held by the company or its group company may be transferred, the amount of which also includes any shares issued on the basis of option rights or other special rights. The authorisations revoke all previous authorisations concerning the issuance of shares and the granting of special rights entitling to shares. The Board of Directors decides on all other Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 12 matters relating to the authorisations. The authorisations are valid until 30 June 2025. Flagging notifications Koskisen Corporation did not receive any flagging notifications in 2024. Estimate of probable development Koskisen Group’s revenue for 2025 is expected to grow from the level of 2024. The adjusted EBITDA margin is expected to be 7–11 per cent. Board of Directors’ proposal for the distribution of profits On 31 December 2024, the parent company’s distributable funds were EUR 116,244,890.16, of which the profit for the financial period constitutes EUR 2,660,561.51. The Board of Directors proposes to the Annual General Meeting that a dividend of EUR 0.12 be paid for each outstanding share for the financial year 2024. Based on the number of shares registered on 10 April 2025, the total dividend would be EUR 2,771,333.88. The remaining part of the distributable funds will be left in unrestricted equity. The Board of Directors has assessed the company’s financial situation and liquidity before making the proposal. The company’s financial position has not changed significantly since 31 December 2024, the company’s liquidity is still good and the proposed dividend will not compromise the company’s solvency. Events after the financial period Koskisen Corporation communicated on 10 March 2025 that it has agreed to acquire the business operations of Iisveden Metsä Oy. The transaction will be carried out as a business acquisition, including, with certain limited exceptions, the entire business of Iisveden Metsä, including the factory property located in Suonenjoki, Finland with machinery and equipment, as well as inventories. The personnel of Iisveden Metsä, approximately 50 people, will be transferred to Koskisen as “old employees”. The debt-free purchase price of the transaction is EUR 22.5 million and its cash part will be adjusted at the time of the completion of the transaction by a net working capital adjustment, which is not expected to be significant. In addition, Koskisen will pay the seller a maximum earnout of EUR 4 million if the conditions specified for the payment of the earnout, mainly related to sales price of sawn timber, are met during 2025–2027. Iisveden Metsä’s revenue (unaudited) in 2024 was EUR 52.7 million (EUR 52.5 million in 2023, audited) and EBITDA (unaudited) in 2024 was EUR 1.4 million (EUR 0.5 million in 2023, audited). The book value of the balance sheet items to be transferred was approximately EUR 24.9 million (unaudited) at the end of 2024. If completed, the transaction will increase Koskisen’s revenue and EBITDA. The transaction is expected to create synergies in raw material sourcing, especially for birch logs, thus supporting the organic growth and profitability of the Panel Industry. The transaction will also have positive effects on the production efficiency and the optimisation of market-specific concepts of Sawn Timber Industry. The completion of the transaction is currently not expected to have an impact on Koskisen’s profit guidance for 2025. The completion of the transaction requires the approval of Finnish and Estonian competition authorities, approval by a qualified majority at the Annual General Meeting of Iisveden Metsä and the fulfilment of certain other ordinary closing conditions. Koskisen expects the transaction to be completed during the first half of 2025. On 21 March 2025, Koskisen Corporation’s Board of Directors decided on a free directed share issue for the payment of share rewards under the company’s long- term performance-based incentive programme for 2022–2026 (earning period 2022–2024). A total of 70,376 new shares were issued free of charge in a directed share issue to seven persons covered by the incentive programme in accordance with the terms of the programme. The rewards paid under the incentive programme to each participating person were paid in shares and cash. The cash component covers the tax costs related to the shares. The total number of shares in Koskisen Corporation after the registration of new shares is 23,095,535 shares. The total of 70,376 shares issued in the free directed share issue were registered in the Finnish Trade Register on 4 April 2025. Koskisen Corporation’s Board of Directors decided on the free directed share issue on the basis of an authorisation granted by the Annual General Meeting on 16 May 2024. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 13 Shares and shareholders MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS ON DEC 31, 2024 Number of shares % of shares Kari Koskinen 4,208,988 18.28 Markku Koskinen 3,729,988 16.20 Eva Wathén 2,148,988 9.33 Laura Paksuniemi 1,314,693 5.71 Ella Paksuniemi 1,292,993 5.62 Ester Paksuniemi 1,290,693 5.61 Varma Mutual Pension Insurance Company 1,044,332 4.54 Karoliina Koskinen 922,039 4.00 Lasse Koskinen 922,039 4.00 Elo Mutual Pension Insurance Company 814,332 3.54 Pekka Kopra 766,128 3.33 Stephen Industries Inc Oy 498,599 2.17 Ilmarinen Mutual Pension Insurance Company 485,000 2.11 Juha Koskinen 476,817 2.07 Arto Koskinen 475,130 2.06 Riitta Kokko-Parikka 375,130 1.63 Veritas Pension Insurance 143,197 0.62 Thominvest Oy 120,000 0.52 UB Metsä Global Erikoissijoitusrahasto 86,272 0.37 Sijoitusrahasto UB Suomi 74,487 0.32 20 largest, total 21,189,845 92.03 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 14 BREAKDOWN OF SHAREHOLDING BY SCALE ON DEC 31, 2024 Lower limit Upper limit Number of shareholders Share of shareholders, % Total number of shares % of shares 1 100 2,768 53.6 156,215 0.7 101 500 1,822 35.3 393,673 1.7 501 1,000 291 5.6 226,981 1.0 1,001 5,000 221 4.3 437,799 1.9 5,001 10,000 21 0.4 149,917 0.7 10,001 50,000 16 0.3 329,910 1.4 50,001 100,000 4 0.1 301,578 1.3 100,001 500,000 7 0.1 2,573,873 11.2 500,001 11 0.2 18,455,213 80.2 Total 5,161 100 23,025,159 100 OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE BY SECTOR DEC 31, 2024 Number of shares % of shares Companies 793,582 3.4 Financial and insurance institutions 218,265 0.9 Public sector 2,486,861 10.8 Households 19,354,410 84.1 Non-profit organisations 43,369 0.2 Foreign shareholders 2,404 - Total 22,898,891 99.5 Nominee-registered 126,268 0.5 All in total 23,025,159 100 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 15 Calculation formulas for key figures Items affecting comparability are unusual material items outside the ordinary course of business that relate to (i) costs related to reorganisations, (ii) impairment charges, (iii) the gain or loss from the sale of businesses or significant fixed assets and (iv) costs related to the Listing. Items affecting comparability is presented to reflect the underlying business performance of Koskisen and to enhance comparability between periods. Koskisen believes that items affecting comparability provide meaningful supplemental information by excluding items outside the ordinary course of business that reduce comparability between periods. Key figure Definition Reason for use EBITDA Operating profit (loss) + Depreciation, amortisation and impairments EBITDA is an indicator used to measure Koskisen’s performance. EBITDA margin, % EBITDA x 100 EBITDA margin is an indicator used to measure Koskisen’s performance. Revenue Adjusted EBITDA EBITDA + Items affecting comparability Adjusted EBITDA is an indicator used to measure Koskisen’s performance. Adjusted EBITDA is presented in addition to EBITDA to reflect the underlying business performance and to enhance comparability between periods. Koskisen believes that adjusted EBITDA provides meaningful supplemental information by excluding items outside the ordinary course of business that reduce comparability between periods. Adjusted EBITDA margin, % Adjusted EBITDA x 100 Adjusted EBITDA margin is an indicator used to measure Koskisen’s performance. Adjusted EBITDA margin is presented in addition to EBITDA margin to reflect the underlying business performance and to enhance comparability between periods. Koskisen believes that adjusted EBITDA margin provides meaningful supplemental information by excluding items outside the ordinary course of business that reduce comparability between periods. Revenue EBIT margin, % Operating profit (loss) x 100 EBIT margin is an indicator used to measure Koskisen’s performance. Revenue Adjusted EBIT Operating profit (loss) + Items affecting comparability Adjusted EBIT is an indicator used to measure Koskisen’s performance. Adjusted EBIT is presented in addition to operating profit (loss) to reflect the underlying business performance and to enhance comparability between periods. Koskisen believes that adjusted EBIT provides meaningful supplemental information by excluding items outside the ordinary course of business that reduce comparability between periods. Adjusted EBIT margin, % Adjusted EBIT x 100 Adjusted EBIT margin is an indicator used to measure Koskisen’s performance. Adjusted EBIT margin is presented in addition to EBIT margin to reflect the underlying business performance and to enhance comparability between periods. Koskisen believes that adjusted EBIT margin provides meaningful supplemental information by excluding items outside the ordinary course of business that reduce comparability between periods. Revenue Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 16 Key figure Definition Reason for use Basic Earnings per Share, EUR Profit (loss) for the period attributable to owners of the parent company Basic Earnings per Share reflects the distribution of Koskisen’s results to its shareholders. Weighted average number of ordinary Shares outstanding during the period Diluted Earnings per Share, EUR Profit (loss) for the period attributable to owners of the parent company Diluted Earnings per Share reflects the distribution of Koskisen’s results to its shareholders. Weighted average number of ordinary Shares outstanding during the period + Weighted average number of all dilutive instruments potentially to be converted into Shares Capital employed Total assets - Current liabilities Capital employed reflects the capital tied to Koskisen’s operations and it is used to calculate return on capital employed. Liquid assets Current financial assets at fair value through profit or loss + Deposits + Cash and cash equivalents Liquid assets reflects the amount of cash and other assets that are readily convertible to cash. Net debt Borrowings + Lease liabilities - Liquid assets Net debt is an indicator used to assess Koskisen’s total external debt financing. Net debt/EBITDA, ratio Net debt x 100 Net debt/EBITDA is an indicator used to assess the level of Koskisen’s financial risk and the level of Koskisen’s indebtedness. EBITDA (last 12 months) Working capital Inventories + Trade receivables + Other receivables - Advances received - Trade payables - Trade payables, payment system Working capital is an indicator used to monitor the level of direct net working capital tied to Koskisen’s operations. Equity ratio, % Total equity x 100 Equity ratio measures Koskisen’s solvency and ability to meet its liabilities in the long term. Total assets - Advances received Gearing, % Net debt x 100 Gearing is a measure used to assess Koskisen’s financial leverage. Total equity Return on capital employed, % Operating profit (loss) (last 12 months) x 100 Return on capital employed reflects the return of capital tied to Koskisen’s operations. Capital employed (average for the last 12 months) Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 17 Reconciliation of alternative performance measures The following table sets forth a reconciliation of the Alternative Performance Measures as at the dates and for the periods indicated: EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Items affecting comparability Costs related to reorganisations 154 326 The gain (-) or loss (+) from sale of businesses or significant fixed assets -48 -190 Items affecting comparability 105 137 EBITDA Operating profit (loss) 13,023 24,396 Depreciation, amortisation and impairments 11,169 8,607 EBITDA 24,193 33,003 EBITDA margin, % EBITDA 24,193 33,003 Revenue 282,262 271,275 EBITDA margin, % 8.6% 12.2% Adjusted EBITDA Operating profit (loss) 13,023 24,396 Depreciation, amortisation and impairments 11,169 8,607 Items affecting comparability 105 137 Adjusted EBITDA 24,298 33,140 Adjusted EBITDA margin, % Adjusted EBITDA 24,298 33,140 Revenue 282,262 271,275 Adjusted EBITDA margin, % 8.6% 12.2% Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 18 Sustainability Statement Koskisen's Sustainability Statement has been prepared in accordance with the EU’s Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive. The report covers Koskisen’s material sustainability topics for the entire Group and its value chain. GENERAL DISCLOSURES ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION Koskisen’s strategy, business model, administrative organization and double materiality assessment as well as its results. Material information regarding Koskisen’s energy use, biodiversity and ecosystems, and circular economy. SOCIAL INFORMATION Material information regarding Koskisen’s employees and contractors. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 19 General disclosures In the heart of Koskisen’s growth strategy are creating value for customers, developing current operations and taking bold steps. Koskisen’s Sustainability Statement has been prepared on group level in accordance with Chapter 7 of the Finnish Accounting Act (1336/1997). ESRS 2 General disclosures .................................................................. 20 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 20 ESRS 2 General disclosures General basis for preparation of sustainability statements BP-1 Koskisen Corporation’s sustainability statement has been prepared at the Group level in accordance with Chapter 7 of the Accounting Act (1336/1997). The scope of consolidation is the same as in the company’s annual financial statements. The sustainability statement covers the Group’s own operations and the value chain as follows: Scope 3 greenhouse gas emissions upstream and downstream of the value chain in accordance with the GHG protocol. At the upstream value chain, the reporting of sustainability matters related to biodiversity covers the activities of contractors in areas where Koskisen is responsible for felling rights. Koskisen has not excluded any information from the reporting. Disclosures in relation to specific circumstances BP-2 Koskisen has not deviated from the medium- or long-term time horizons defined in ESRS 1. The medium-term strategy period is four years and the long-term is more than five years. In the calculation of Scope 3 greenhouse gas emissions in the value chain, sector- specific average emission factors have been utilised as indirect sources to estimate the upstream and downstream emissions of the value chain. The plan is to improve the accuracy of the calculations, for example, by requesting direct emission data from the value chain partners whenever possible. A description of the accuracy of the calculation, as well as the indicators, emission factors, methods and assumptions of the Scope 3 calculation, are specified in more detail in section E1-6 of the sustainability report Gross Scopes 1, 2, 3 and Total GHG emissions. The quantitative results of biodiversity metrics are subject to uncertainties based on limited sampling. The uncertainty is particularly focused on sampling-based audits, i.e. the information is based on only a part of the management activities that have taken place, as the sampling method of internal audit has been used in the assessment. In the future, the reliability of the results will be improved by expanding the monitoring of the metrics to cover a larger number of management actions and to support the information with internal monitoring carried out on all management actions. In the calculation of resource use and circular economy metrics, quantitative results are subject to uncertainties related to unit conversions. Due to the variability in wood density, cubic volume is used as the storage unit. In addition, not all primary data is available in mass-based form. It is possible that the metrics include uncertainties that have not been identified, as not all data-related control points have been established during the first reporting year, and comparative monitoring data may not be available. No measurement uncertainty is associated with the monetary values reported. As the reporting year is the first year of application, there are no reportable changes in the preparation and presentation of sustainability information compared to previous periods. Scope 3 reporting involves uncertainties and assumptions, which are described in Gross Scopes 1, 2, 3 and Total GHG emissions section of the sustainability report E1-6. As the reporting year is the first year of application, there are no reportable changes in the preparation or presentation of sustainability information compared to previous periods. No disclosures are provided based on other legislation or sustainability reporting frameworks Koskisen Group relies on the ISO standards of the European standardization system in its quality, occupational health and safety, and environmental management systems. The above-mentioned management systems have been verified by Kiwa Inspecta as follows: the Group’s operations in Finland have been verified to comply with ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015 and ISO 45001:2018 and in Poland to comply with the ISO 9001:2015 standard for Toporów’s operations. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 21 In sustainability report, the relevant certified processes are the risk management and stakeholder processes covered by the ISO 9001 standard. They will be integrated into the Group’s sustainability system during 2025. These processes were not reviewed for 2024 as part of the integration of sustainability issues, as the development of the system was still in progress. The metrics presented in the sustainability report are not verified in any other context than in connection with the assurance of the sustainability report, unless otherwise stated. The role of the administrative, management and supervisory bodies GOV-1 Composition of the administrative, management and supervisory bodies Koskisen Corporation’s governance consists of the Board of Directors, the Board’s Audit Committee and CEO, supported by the Executive Board. The company complies with the Finnish Corporate Governance Code. The corporate governance principles are defined in the corporate governance principles approved by the company’s Board of Directors. The management, monitoring and reporting of impacts, risks and opportunities related to sustainability issues as part of the activities of the company’s administrative, management and supervisory bodies is described below. Board of Directors (Governing Body) The duties and responsibilities of Koskisen’s Board of Directors are determined under law or the Company’s Articles of Association and other applicable legislation. The Board of Directors has rules of procedure that define the duties of the Board of Directors and its Chair. The Board of Directors has general authority in all matters that have not been assigned to other governing bodies by law or the company’s Articles of Association. The general task of the Board of Directors is to take care of Koskisen’s administration and the appropriate organisation of its operations. The Board of Directors discusses sustainability-related issues regularly, in accordance with its annual cycle, and is responsible for the company’s statutory sustainability report. In 2024, the Chair of the Board was Pekka Kuusniemi (independent). The members of the Board were Eva Wathén (non-independent), Kari Koskinen (non-independent), Kalle Reponen (independent), Hanna Maria Sievinen (independent), and Hanna Masala (independent). Audit Committee (Supervisory Body) The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors is responsible for ensuring the arrangement, supervision and risk management of appropriate governance in accordance with the Finnish Companies Act. The majority of the members of the Audit Committee must be independent of the company, and at least one member of the Audit Committee must be independent of the company’s significant shareholders. The members of the Audit Committee in 2024 were Hanna Sievinen, Eva Wathén and Hanna Masala. Executive Board (Management Body) The CEO manages the company’s operations in accordance with the instructions and orders issued by the Board of Directors and keeps the Board aware of the development of the company’s business and financial situation. The Executive Board supports the President and CEO in the implementation of the company’s strategy and manages Koskisen’s business as a whole, including sustainability aspects as part of the management business model. The members of Koskisen’s Executive Management Team have extensive authority to operate within their own areas of responsibility, and they are obliged to develop Koskisen’s business in accordance with the objectives set by the company’s Board of Directors and the President and CEO. As of 31 December 2024, the Executive board consisted of Jukka Pahta (Chief Executive Officer), Karri Louko (CFO), Tom-Peter Helenius (Director, Panel Industry), Tommi Sneck (Director, Sawmill Industry), Joonas Ojasalo (Director, Wood Supply and Bioenergy), Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 22 Minna Luomalahti (Director, Human Resources), Sanna Väisänen (Director, Sustainability and Corporate Communications) and Olli Nikitin (General Counsel). In addition to the Executive Board, Koskisen’s extended Executive Board also includes persons who coordinate other sustainability aspects (IT, quality, environment, safety, technical, services). As of 31 December 2024, in addition to the core members described above, the extended Executive Board included Markku Lähteenmäki (Director of Quality, Environment and Safety), Teemu Similä (Head of IT), and Jarkko Veck (Chief Shop Steward). The extended Executive Board meets four times a year. Through the representation of the Chief Shop Steward, employees are consulted and involved in the decision-making process within the extended Executive Board. Composition of administrative, management and supervisory bodies 2024 Number of executive members 11 Number of non-executive members 6 Employees with employment relationship are represented in the expanded Executive Board, which includes the Chief Shop Steward as well as the Director of Quality, Environment and Safety. Employees are not represented on the Board of Directors or in the Audit Committee. When preparing the composition of the Board of Directors, the members’ educational and professional background, gender and international experience have been taken into account so that the Board of Directors has a broad and diverse representation of expertise and experience that supports Koskisen’s operations. Women and men must be equally represented on the Board of Directors, as required by applicable regulation. In preparing its proposal, the Board has assessed that the proposed composition of the Board includes sufficient sustainability (ESG) expertise and experience, as required by the nature and scope of the company’s operations at the time. The relevant experience is presented in the table below. The members of the company’s Board of Directors and its Audit Committee have relevant experience in the refining industry, corporate finance, international business and target markets, as well as in strategic planning and execution of business operations, which is relevant to the assessment of Koskisen’s operations and sustainability impacts, risks and opportunities. The company’s CEO, as well as the Executive Board and the Extended Executive Board, have relevant experience in business management at the strategic level and at the level of the company’s individual businesses, forestry, corporate finance, financing, risk management, human resources, and sustainability and communications matters, relevant to Koskisen’s operations and the assessment of sustainability impacts, risks and opportunities. The company’s Board of Directors and Executive Board have access to the sustainability-related expertise of the company’s in-house specialists. Koskisen’s Board of Directors has six (6) members, half (50%) of whom are women and half (50%) men. The average ratio is 1.0. The Executive Board consists of eight (8) members, of which two (2 persons, 25%) are women and six (6 persons, 75%) men. The extended Executive Board has a total of 11 members, of which two (2 persons, 18%) are women and nine (9 persons, 82%) men. The Audit Committee has three (3) members, all of whom (100%) are women. In 2024, the percentage of Board members who were independent of the company and significant shareholders was 67 per cent. The Board of Directors had four (4) members independent of the company and significant shareholders and two (2) members who were not independent of the company and significant shareholders. The Audit Committee monitors the impacts, risks and opportunities related to sustainability. The members of the Audit Committee in 2024 were Hanna Sievinen, Eva Wathén and Hanna Masala. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 23 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 24 The responsibility of the Board of Directors, the Audit Committee and the Executive Board for sustainability-related impacts, risks and opportunities is taken into account in the Corporate Governance Principles, the Group’s Operating Policy and the principles derived from it (Environmental Principles, Human Resources Principles and Risk Management Policy). The company’s Board of Directors, Audit Committee and Executive Board play a key role in the management, supervision and reporting of sustainability issues. Board of Directors • Approves long-term sustainability goals, monitors their implementation, guides the company’s management towards the goals • Monitors and evaluates the link between sustainability work and the strategy and business model, as well as the performance of operations in relation to sustainability targets • Approves principles or policies for material sustainability impacts Monitoring: In accordance with the Board’s annual cycle. Sustainability matters are reviewed once a year, in November for targets and measures, and in September for sustainability impacts, risks and opportunities. Individual areas of sustainability, related to personnel, safety and operating principles are examined as part of the related Group entities. Audit committee • Supervises the implementation and reporting of sustainability impacts • Takes care of the risk management and internal control of sustainability impacts • Reports to the Board of Directors Executive Board • Responsible for the implementation of the business strategy, taking into account sustainability perspectives • Responsible for implementing sustainability actions as part of the business, ensuring sufficient resources • Decides on the content and indicators of the Sustainability Programme based on material sustainability impacts • Risks and opportunities related to material sustainability impacts are part of the corporate risk management (ERM) reported to the Executive Board, and the need for updating the double materiality assessment is also assessed in the review • The development of material sustainability impacts has been linked to business or support functions and the responsibility of the director in question • Reports to the Board of Directors Extended Executive Board • Monitors sustainability processes, such as short-term and long-term goals, measures and their results on a quarterly basis • Hearing and involving the personnel in decision-making through the representation of the Chief Shop Steward • Wider representation of sustainability aspects (IT, environment, quality, safety, technical services) • Reports to the Board of Directors Business and support functions • Integrating sustainability matters into business and support functions • Developing operations in accordance with sustainability goals • Reporting on sustainability matters to the Executive Board • Sustainability matters are reported to the extended Executive Board and coordinated by a core group on sustainability matters, consisting of representatives from the business units. The controls and procedures for managing impacts, risks and opportunities are integrated into the business processes and operational management system, including internal and external audits and internal control. Sustainability-related risks and opportunities are managed as part of enterprise risk management (ERM), with sustainability aspects also reported to the Board of Directors. The Executive Board sets targets that are approved by the Board of Directors and monitored by the Extended Executive Board. Progress towards the targets is reported annually to the Board of Directors. The sustainability-related competence and expertise needs of the company’s administrative, management and supervisory bodies are based on a general self- assessment conducted as part of the preparations for regulated sustainability reporting Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 25 and the related requirements to understand and manage material sustainability impacts, risks and opportunities. The company’s operational management is familiar with the key sustainability impacts of the industry and has participated in defining the related risks and opportunities. The operational management possesses expertise and understanding of sustainability reporting and the related regulatory requirements. When forming the Audit Committee, the members’ experience and competence related to sustainability matters and their reporting have been taken into account. The company’s Board of Directors possesses experience and expertise from various industries, including the integration of corporate sustainability aspects into business operations. The Board of Directors, the Audit Committee, and the operational management engage in ongoing dialogue regarding sustainability impacts, the related financial risks and opportunities, and their strategic linkage and governance through the business model. The company also utilises external expertise, when necessary, to strengthen internal capabilities and to support the development of sustainability processes, reporting, and operating models. The assessment of required competence and expertise is systematically taken into account as part of the evaluation and selection criteria for new members of the administrative, management and supervisory bodies. Information provided to and sustainability matters addressed by the undertaking’s administrative, management and supervisory bodies GOV-2 The administrative, management and supervisory bodies regularly address matters related to material sustainability matters. The Board of Directors convenes 8–12 times per year. The Director of Sustainability and Communications reports annually to the Board on the progress of the company’s sustainability objectives and actions. The Director of Quality, Environment and Safety reports once a year to the Board on sustainability impacts, risks, opportunities, and stakeholder perspectives as part of the Group’s enterprise risk management (ERM) reporting. The Board reviews the double materiality assessment and approves the statutory sustainability statement. The Group Executive Board meets on a monthly basis. Sustainability topics are presented by the Director of Sustainability and Communications and are included on the Executive Board’s agenda as needed. In the extended Executive Board, sustainability topics compiled by the Group’s business units — including the entire Due Diligence process — are addressed on a needs-based basis. The Board of Directors, the CEO, and other members of management are responsible, as part of their duty of care in decision-making, for ensuring that material sustainability impacts, risks, and opportunities — as well as any related trade-offs — are taken into account in strategic decisions within their scope of authority, including major transactions and investments. The outcomes of the double materiality assessment have been utilised in the company’s strategic planning. The administrative, management and supervisory bodies have reviewed the results of the double materiality assessment process, including the material impacts, risks and opportunities. Matters related to occupational safety and personnel are addressed as part of Group-level processes by all governance bodies. A detailed list is provided in section SBM-3: Material impacts, risks and opportunities and their interaction with strategy and business model. Integration of sustainability-related performance in incentive schemes GOV-3 Koskisen does not have remuneration schemes that are exclusively linked to sustainability matters. Climate-related aspects are not currently reflected in the company’s remuneration practices. The company has both short- and long-term incentive schemes for members of its administrative, management and supervisory bodies, including members of the Management Team and the extended Management Team. These schemes include sustainability performance indicators alongside other metrics. The incentive schemes are designed to support the company’s value creation, long-term financial success, and implementation of its business strategy. They are based on the remuneration policy that governs the remuneration of the CEO and the Board of Directors, which is approved by the Board and presented at the General Meeting. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 26 In 2024, the short-term incentive programme for members of the Management Team and the extended Management Team included sustainability-related indicators: occupational safety (LTA1) and employee well-being (overall score and response rate of the employee well-being survey). The sustainability remuneration indicators of the Executive Board and the Extended Executive Board are based on performance indicators set annually. Short-term performance indicators, target levels and weights, including sustainability-related indicators, are set annually by the company’s Board of Directors in accordance with the Remuneration Policy. The long-term incentive scheme consists of performance periods of several financial years, for each of which the Board of Directors decides separately on an annual basis on the performance criteria and related targets. The sustainability-related performance indicators included in the incentive scheme for the Executive Board and the extended Executive Board form part of the Group-level short-term targets. In 2024, their weighting was as follows: employee well-being 10% and occupational safety 10%. Both indicators relate to sustainability topics concerning the company’s own workforce. The remaining Group-level performance indicators were the Group’s adjusted IFRS EBITDA (60%) and revenue (20%). The incentive schemes are based on the remuneration policy prepared and presented by the Board of Directors and submitted to the General Meeting for consideration. The remuneration policy is presented to the General Meeting at least once every four years. Statement on due diligence GOV-4 Koskisen’s due diligence process related to sustainability matters is an integral part of the continuous management and assessment of sustainability impacts, risks and opportunities. The company’s processes for managing sustainability impacts have been updated during 2023–2024 to align with the disclosure requirements of the ESRS standards. Koskisen has identified, assessed and established procedures for managing its sustainability impacts in relation to the topics covered by the ESRS standards. The process is continuous and subject to annual review. This includes the annual identification of relevant sustainability-related regulations and stakeholder expectations, which are integrated into the company’s operations where applicable. The management of sustainability impacts covers action plans, indicators, targets, results, and the evaluation of effectiveness and resourcing in relation to the sustainability impacts identified through the double materiality assessment. These are reported annually in accordance with the ESRS standards. CORE ELEMENTS OF DUE DILIGENCE PARAGRAPHS IN THE SUSTAINABILITY STATEMENT a) Embedding due diligence in governance, strategy and business model ESRS 2 GOV-1 The role of the administrative, management and supervisory bodies. SBM-3 Material impacts, risks and opportunities and their interaction with strategy and business model. b) Engaging with affected stakeholders in all key steps of the due diligence ESRS 2 SBM-2 Interests and views of stakeholders. E1-2 Policies related to climate change mitigation and adaptation. ESRS E4-2 Policies related to biodiversity and ecosystems ESRS E5-1. Policies related to resource use and circular economy and ESRS S1-1 Policies related to own workforce. c) Identifying and assessing adverse impacts ESRS 2 GOV-5 Risk management and internal controls over sustainability reporting. IRO-1 Description of the processes to identify and assess material impacts, risks and opportunities. d) Taking actions to address those adverse impacts ESRS E1-3 Actions and resources in relation to climate change policies. E4-3 Actions and resources related to biodiversity and ecosystems. ESRS E5-2 Actions and resources in relation to resource use and circular economy. ESRS S1-4 Taking action on material impacts on own workforce, and approaches to mitigating material risks and pursuing material opportunities related to own workforce, and effectiveness of those actions. e) Tracking the effectiveness of these efforts and communicating ESRS 2 GOV-1 The role of the administrative, management and supervisory bodies. E1-4 Targets related to climate change mitigation and adaptation. ESRS E4-4 Targets related to biodiversity and ecosystems. ESRS E5-3 Targets related to resource use and circular. ESRS S1-4 Taking action on material impacts on own workforce, and approaches to mitigating material risks and pursuing material opportunities related to own workforce, and effectiveness of those actions. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 27 Risk management and internal controls over sustainability reporting GOV-5 Sustainability reporting complies with the Group-level principles and processes of statutory reporting, risk management and internal control. The internal control of sustainability reporting is based on the identification, analysis and targeting of control to the most material identified risks. Risks in sustainability reporting are part of Group-level corporate risks (ERMs). The effectiveness of sustainability reporting controls is reviewed once a year as part of internal monitoring. The results are monitored as part of the Group’s continuous improvement, which is reported to the Group Executive Board. The effectiveness of internal control is monitored as part of management reviews. Koskisen’s risk management process follows the principles of the ISO 31000 standard and the indicative process. The Ministry of Social Affairs and Health’s 2015 risk model, which has been integrated into the continuous development tool, is utilised in the assessment of work-related risks. The main identified risks in sustainability reporting are the accuracy of the reported information and the adequacy of resources and expertise in a small organisation. To ensure the accuracy of the reported data and the sufficiency of resources, the organisation has established a model that defines the roles and responsibilities for sustainability reporting. The processes required for producing reportable data have been integrated into the business processes of the respective units. To ensure the accuracy and timeliness of data reported from the company’s own operations and value chain, internal controls will be implemented during 2025. These controls will be part of the common business processes, and their systematic monitoring will be defined and developed in cooperation during 2025 between Finance, Sustainability and Communications, and the business units responsible for producing the data. Some elements of the internal control processes are already being applied to the 2024 data. During the first reporting year, risks related to sustainability reporting have been identified and addressed as part of the reporting process in cooperation between the Audit Committee and the persons responsible for sustainability reporting. Risk assessments and internal control observations related to sustainability reporting are addressed within the enterprise risk management (ERM) system, which includes the description of risks, the potential impact and likelihood of their occurrence, mitigation measures, and designated responsible persons. Risks related to sustainability reporting are reported to the administrative, management and supervisory bodies as part of enterprise risk management (ERM). For the year 2024, sustainability reporting risks have not yet been addressed comprehensively within the ERM framework; instead, they have been identified and discussed as part of the ongoing sustainability process. Strategy, business model and value chain SBM-1 Koskisen processes wood raw material into sawn timber, plywood and chipboard (circular economy, climate). Wood Procurement mainly buys wood raw material from private landowners and offers forest management and regeneration services (biodiversity). There have been no changes in the business model. The company’s strategy has been updated in 2024 and it is tied to key sustainability issues. Koskisen’s customers are mainly direct customers in the logistics, construction, automotive, die-cutting, furniture, interior decoration, packaging and chemical forest industries, among others. In addition, a smaller proportion of Koskisen’s products are sold to wholesalers and distributors. Koskisen sells a limited number of thin plywood and veneer products directly to consumers through its own online store. The Kore brand’s customers operate mainly in the automotive industry, to which Koskisen supplies floor, wall and roof panel sets, wheel arches and accessories. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 28 Headcount of employees by geographical areas 2024 Finland 796 Poland 131 Other 16 Headcount of employees in total 943 Revenue by ESRS topic and segment Revenue, EUR 2024 Revenue 282,262,482.57 Koskisen is not active in the sectors related to fossil fuels, chemical production, controversial weapons, or tobacco cultivation and production, and there is no income from these industries. Revenue from activities related to the following sectors Revenue Fossil fuels No - Chemical production No - Controversial weapons No - Tobacco cultivation and production No - Koskisen’s sustainability goals by 2027 Perspectice We are reducing our own and our value chain’s CO₂ emissions compared to the year 2022: Scope 1 and 2 emissions by 50%, and Scope 3 emissions by 20%. All product groups, all customer segments, and all geographical regions. Taking into account operations-supporting ecosystem services – 88% certified wood raw material All product groups, all customer segments, and all geographical regions. Efficient and optimised use of wood raw material – Wood raw material efficiency for long-lasting wood products 60% All product groups, all customer segments, and all geographical regions. Reduction of accidents – Accident frequency rate LTA1 < 5 Relations with own workforce We support employee well-being and competence development. The employee well-being survey score 4,0/5,0. Relations with own workforce Koskisen’s operations are based solely on the sustainable sourcing and processing of wood into carbon-sequestering wood products for different product categories, customer categories and markets. Because the procurement, processing, storage and transport of wood have an impact on the climate and the biodiversity of the forest environment, Koskisen has set sustainability targets for its operations, especially related to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity. From the perspective of sustainability, Koskisen has defined wood wisdom as the basis of its strategy for 2024–2027, which means that the forest, the people connected to Koskisen’s operations, and society are considered partners in operations. The growth sought in the strategy takes place by creating value for the customer, developing current operations and taking bold steps. Value is created for customers by helping them mitigate climate change and adapt to the future through their products and services. From the perspective of sustainability, the development of current operations means, in particular, the promotion of a safe working environment and the improvement of well-being at work and competence. Koskisen is not based in an EU Member State that would allow an exemption from the disclosure of information referred to in Article 18(1)(a) of Directive 2013/34/EU22. Koskisen is a Finnish wood processing company whose value chain extends from wood procurement to the customer use of wood-based products. The main raw material is wood, which Koskisen processes into sawn timber, panel products and wood products with high added value, among other things. Wood wisdom is at the core of sustainable business. The entire value chain from wood harvesting to end products is designed around synergistic and sustainable material flows. Koskisen procures mainly certified wood as raw material from Finnish private forest owners in accordance with the principles of wood procurement. Koskisen’s own industrial operations focus on the manufacture of sawn timber, panel products and other products with high added value. The Panel Industry offers customized high-quality panel solutions. The Panel Industry’s net sales consist of the sale of plywood, chipboard, thin plywood and veneer, as well as optimised van interior solutions. The Sawmill Industry offers sawn timber and further processed products made from high-quality wood raw material. The Sawmill Industry’s net sales consist of Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 29 the sale of sawn timber and further processed timber, as well as by-products of wood procurement for the pulp and paper industry and bioenergy for several power plants. As an investment, Koskisen operates in the mechanical wood processing industry with a unique integrated operating model. This model, along with its synergistic functions, enables high material and overall efficiency, thereby supporting profitable growth. Operations at the upstream of the value chain are intrinsically linked to forest management operations. Cooperation with forest owners and subcontractors offering management services is key. Wood procurement complies with the requirements set by the PEFC or FSC chain of custody certificates, which ensures that the wood is harvested in accordance with forest certification requirements that take biodiversity into account. In addition, a chain of custody system that enables the traceability of wood is used in all procurements. Koskisen’s ability to create value is based on a material-efficient and integrated value chain from forest to end product. An integrated operating model is based on interconnected processes that form a business model from wood procurement through production to finished products. The entire value chain is designed around synergistic material flows and an agile operating model, which enables the use of raw materials from different sources. Koskisen’s production facilities are located in Järvelä and Hirvensalmi in Finland and in Skwierzyna and Toporów in Poland. The Group’s main market area is Finland and the rest of the EU. Koskisen’s customers include operators in the logistics, construction, automotive, stamping, furniture, interior decoration, packaging and chemical forest industries. The company exports to a total of about 70 countries. Potential sustainability-related impacts, risks and opportunities in relation to the business model and value chain are described in table SBM-3: Material impacts, risks and opportunities and their interaction with strategy and business model. Financial information related to the business segments is presented in notes to the consolidated financial statements in Note 2 Segment information and revenue. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 30 Interests and views of stakeholders SBM-2 Koskisen engages in dialogue with its key stakeholders and develops its operations, strategy and business model based on stakeholder feedback and expectations. The interests, perspectives and rights of Koskisen’s employees are an integral part of the company’s strategy and business model. Koskisen aims to be a sustainable growth- oriented employer, with related goals including being the best employer in the sector and region, fostering meaningful work, promoting employee well-being and competence, supporting diversity and equality, and offering the opportunity to own shares in the company. Koskisen’s key stakeholders, the purpose, forms and content of stakeholder dialogue, and how this dialogue is taken into account in the company’s operations are presented in the following table. Stakeholder Stakeholder interaction Purpose of interaction Relevant themes Impact on operations, business model, and strategy Nature and NGOs acting on its behalf Identification of impacts. Ongoing dialogue with organisations, monitoring of activities, and engagement with diverse viewpoints through different events and platforms. Minimising adverse effects on forest ecosystems and promoting positive impacts on biodiversity. Safeguarding diverse forest environments and the ecosystem services they provide in the future. Environmental impacts: – Greenhouse gas emissions – Wastewater treatment – Stormwater collection systems – Waste management (further utilisation of waste fractions as raw materials or for energy) Increasing biodiversity-enhancing actions, including measures that go beyond certification requirements and are based on scientific research. Wood is sourced as certified, and all operations are carried out in accordance with defined minimum requirements. Own workforce Dialogue, consultation, information sharing, and communication Collaboration and development Balanced and continuous workload across economic cycles, occupational safety and well-being, fair compensation, competence development, and good working conditions Securing the availability of workforce and preserving jobs. Goal-oriented development of safety culture and employee well-being. Local communities Information sharing, and communication Collaboration and development Employment, local reputation/recognition, and environmental factors (nature, noise, pollution). Employment impact, sense of well-being and safety for local residents, tax revenue, and purchasing power. Impacts on employment and competence in factory locations. Small-scale support for local clubs and associations. Environmental impacts are considered both in industrial operations and wood sourcing. Pollution prevention and landscape impact management are also taken into account. Local communities are taken into account and their voices are heard in decision-making. Customers and end-users Collaboration, partnership Providing high-quality products and advancing both operations and product development. Long-lasting, carbon-binding products made from renewable raw materials that are traceable and have a known origin. The products must be safe and of high quality, suitable for their intended use, fossil-free, recyclable, competitively priced, and compliant with all applicable requirements. Supply chain audits, certifications, and other systems are used to ensure responsibility and sustainability throughout the value chain. Material efficiency, circular economy principles, and high value-added processing are key. Transparent product information about impacts and raising customer awareness through environmental labelling are essential. Koskisen brand (products). Carbon footprint, product information, reducing the product-specific carbon footprint, circular economy, material efficiency, and recyclability. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 31 Stakeholder Stakeholder interaction Purpose of interaction Relevant themes Impact on operations, business model, and strategy Researchers, academic institutions, and students Co-operation, assimilation of research-based knowledge Learning and innovation Innovation and development work, especially in the field of circular economy, with a focus on increasing the degree of processing through innovation. Creating job opportunities for graduates, and raising awareness among students about working life and its demands. Two-way dialogue – bringing students’ perspectives to employers. Collaboration to develop the industry, and sharing knowledge for research purposes. Innovation of new circular economy products in partnership with others. Collaborative efforts also help secure workforce availability for positions where formal training does not yet exist. Forest owners Information sharing, communication, customer relations, and meetings Sourcing of raw materials, advising forest owners towards sustainable forestry practices, and providing support when needed — for example, in conservation measures. Responsible sourcing of raw materials (including consideration for biodiversity and prevention of environmental degradation). Ensuring the growth and regeneration of future forests. Knowledge of diverse forest management practices and a wide range of expert services to support the goals of forest owners. Safeguarding the long-term supply of raw materials Shareholders and financial institutions Meetings and communication Securing and developing operations while creating shareholder value. Success in ESG themes and integration of sustainability impacts into financing conditions. Risk management from a sustainability perspective. Development of shareholder value, continuity, predictability, transparent communication, and continuous improvement. Profitability and transparency as the foundation for operations and continuous development. Advocacy and industry associations Co-operation Promoting the development and resilience of the industry Impacts on the vitality of forestry sector, influencing regulation through collaboration, ensuring and strengthening consistent practices across the industry, and sharing knowledge. Securing the conditions for continued business operations in a changing operating environment. Subcontractors, suppliers, and service providers Collaboration, supply chain management, and meetings Mutual collaboration to ensure stable operations and advance product development, particularly in terms of sustainability Predictability and continuity of work, fair practices (improving the overall image of the industry), open communication. Margins are often small, creating the risk of exploitation within the supply chain – ensuring sufficient margins is essential. Providing information, support, and training when needed to promote responsible practices. Collaboration in areas such as equipment procurement or supporting the development of new solutions. Securing the prerequisites for long-term business continuity through cooperation. Advancing circular economy practices and low-carbon development. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 32 Understanding of stakeholder perspectives The views of stakeholders were utilised in Koskisen’s double materiality assessment carried out in 2023, on the basis of which Koskisen defined the sustainability matters that are material to the company’s operations. The most significant sustainability matters were related to the procurement of raw materials. Stakeholder feedback that emerged in the double materiality analysis: • Biodiversity protection was considered the most material topic. Stakeholders encouraged the company to recommend more biodiversity-conscious forest management and harvesting services to its wood procurement customers, i.e. forest owners. • Forest damage and EU regulation were identified as the most significant future drivers of increasing raw material prices – highlighting the need to increase the value generated from end products. • The Zero furniture board was highlighted as an example of an innovative product, and stakeholders expressed the need for more such solutions in the future. From a sustainability perspective, the Zero board stands out for its recyclability and low VOC indoor emissions. In sawn timber products, key focus areas include forest certification and supply chain audits. • Circular economy innovations were also brought up; stakeholders expressed a desire to find higher value-added applications for by-products, rather than using them solely for bioenergy. • The new sawmill was viewed positively also from a sustainability perspective: it enables material efficiency gains by allowing the processing of smaller logs. Other investments improving material efficiency, such as the new log sorting line and the barkless veneer lathe, were also mentioned as positive developments. • The company’s role as the most significant industrial employer in Kärkölä and the surrounding areas was seen as having a clear and positive local impact, which was unanimously acknowledged by the interviewed stakeholders. Further information on the double materiality assessment is provided in the Material impacts, risks and opportunities and their interaction with strategy and business model section. The stakeholder perspectives of nature, customers, owners and its own workforce have contributed to strengthening the company’s perceptions of the forces of change and opportunities in the operating environment and have influenced Koskisen’s strategic planning for the period 2024–2027. A comprehensive analysis of the operating environment, including stakeholders, is part of Koskisen’s normal strategic planning practice, and the company has not made any stakeholder-centric changes to its strategy or operating model based on the double materiality assessment. Stakeholder perspectives and interests regarding the company’s sustainability impacts are taken into account as part of the materiality assessment, which is approved by the company’s administrative, management and supervisory bodies. Stakeholders are also considered annually as part of an ongoing process within Koskisen’s management system. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 33 Material impacts, risks and opportunities and their interaction with strategy and business model SBM-3 E1 CLIMATE CHANGE Impacts Type of impact Time horizon Value chain Description Climate change mitigation Emissions from vehicles involved throughout the value chain (including transport of finished products) Negative impact All time horizons Entire value chain Diesel-powered forestry machinery, along with truck, rail, and maritime transport related to logistics, generate greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 3). In the longer term, fleets based on electricity, biofuels, and synthetic fuels have the potential to reduce these impacts. Additionally, the production processes of both synthetic and wood-based fertilizers used in forestry may also contribute to emissions. Lifecycle emissions from panel products, adhesives and coatings, plastics and metal raw materials Negative impact All time horizons Upstream Traditional binders and coatings are traditionally fossil-based and thus cause greenhouse gas emissions. During the production of plastic and metal raw materials, emissions are also generated (Scope 3). Direct greenhouse gas emissions from production facilities Negative impact All time horizons Own operations The power plants owned by Loimua, the power plants in Järvelä, the chipboard mill’s chip dryer, and other similar instances (with wheel loaders and forklifts) cause greenhouse gas emissions (Scope 1). Reduction of forest carbon stocks and soil carbon sinks due to harvesting and forest management activities Negative impact All time horizons Upstream Koskisen’s operations, positioned at the upstream end of the value chain, are closely linked to harvesting and forest management activities (including potential ditch network maintenance). These activities result in changes to land cover (such as tree stands and other vegetation), which can temporarily reduce the natural carbon sink capacity of forest areas. The extent of this impact varies significantly depending on the site type and forest management methods applied. The carbon sequestered by forests is stored long-term in Koskisen’s wood products. Positive impact All time horizons Own operations Koskisen’s long-lasting wood products act as carbon sinks by storing biogenic carbon, temporarily removing it from the atmosphere and mitigating its climate warming effect. This includes production side streams like sawdust and chips used in furniture panel manufacturing. Positive impacts of forest management practices on natural carbon sinks Positive impact All time horizons Upstream Koskisen offers forest management services to forest owners to promote carbon sequestration and encourages forest regeneration. A well-managed forest – with carefully timed and planned thinning and final felling operations (adapted to site conditions, rotation periods, and carbon sequestration potential) – improves forest growth and health, thereby enhancing its capacity to sequester carbon. Development of low-emission products that enable emission reductions for the customer Positive impact All time horizons Downstream When a customer chooses the Zero particleboard or a comparable product in which bio-based binders replace more carbon-intensive fossil-based alternatives, a Scope 3 emission reduction is achieved compared to traditional products. Energy Indirect greenhouse gas emissions from purchased electricity (Scope 2) Negative impact All time horizons Upstream Approximately 81% (in 2022) of the operational carbon footprint originates from the consumption of grid electricity. The emission intensity of grid electricity depends on the energy mix used in its production. As the share of renewable energy sources increases, this impact could be significantly reduced in the future. Emission reductions achieved through renewable energy production Positive impact All time horizons Own operations In 2022, 96% of the heat energy used by Koskisen was already from renewable sources. An investment in a solar power plant will further increase the share of renewable electricity consumption in the future. Emission reductions through energy savings – improving energy efficiency in own operations Positive impact All time horizons Own operations Koskisen joined the Energy Efficiency Agreement for Industries, coordinated by the Confederation of Finnish Industries, in 2016. The company is committed to the energy-intensive industry action plan for the period 2017–2025. To date, energy efficiency measures have included, for example, switching to LED lighting, avoiding unnecessary idling of production machinery, and applying energy efficiency criteria in equipment procurement. All energy-saving actions reduce the overall need for energy, which in turn leads to lower greenhouse gas emissions from energy production. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 34 Risks and opportunities Risk / opportunity Time horizon Value chain Description Climate change mitigation Opportunities related to the transition to a low-carbon society – growth in demand for wood construction and wood-based products Financial opportunity Medium term Downstream If the construction industry begins to shift away from more emission-intensive concrete structures toward wood construction—driven by changes in customer behavior or regulatory reforms—demand for Koskisen’s products may increase. This growing demand would likely have a positive impact on cash flows, both for Koskisen and the broader sector, and as future prospects improve, it may also enhance access to financing as well as influence its cost and terms. However, the most long-lasting products are not always the most profitable option under shifting market conditions, which can make it challenging to set clear targets and plan production accordingly. Regulatory risks related to the preservation of carbon sinks (transition risks) – harvesting restrictions Financial risk Medium term Upstream Koskisen’s manufacturing operations (panel and sawmill industries) are highly dependent on wood raw material. EU and national legislation is expected to impose long-term restrictions on harvesting (e.g., to meet the climate targets set out in Finland’s Climate Act). Any disruptions in the availability, price, or quality of wood raw material would likely have a broad impact on operational cash flows and the value of assets. In a deteriorating market outlook, these factors could also affect the availability, cost, and terms of financing. Climate change adaptation Risks related to the physical impacts of climate change may disrupt the availability of raw materials Financial risk Medium term Upstream Koskisen’s manufacturing operations (panel and sawmill industries) are highly dependent on wood raw material. Climate change may have adverse effects on forest growth and health due to rising average temperatures. These effects may include forest damage, wildfires, storms, compacted snow, reduced forest growth, warmer winters, and increased vulnerabilities. Disruptions in the availability, price, or quality of wood raw material would likely have wide-ranging impacts on operational cash flows and asset values. In the event of a weaker market outlook, such disruptions could also negatively affect the availability, cost, and terms of financing. Energy Opportunities for energy self- sufficiency achieved through own energy production Financial opportunity All time horizons Own operations Because e.g. it is possible to produce electricity in connection with heat production, energy self- sufficiency can improve. Energy self-sufficiency increases the buffer against future energy supply disruptions. Also a positive impact on profitability from the perspective of utilising energy subsidies. Energy efficiency opportunities Financial opportunity All time horizons Own operations If the reduction in energy use can be achieved by improving energy efficiency per cubic metre produced, cost savings will be achieved that improve margins Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 35 E4 BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEMS Impacts Type of impact Time horizon Value chain Description Impacts on the extent and condition of ecosystems Negative impacts on biodiversity caused by land cover changes related to forest management and harvesting operations Negative impact All time horizons Upstream Koskisen’s operations, positioned at the upstream end of the value chain, are closely linked to harvesting and forest management activities. These activities result in changes to land cover (including tree stands, other vegetation, and the condition of water bodies) and reduce the connectivity of species and ecological values. Such impacts broadly affect the natural capacity of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems to maintain biodiversity. Risks and opportunities Risk / opportunity Time horizon Value chain Description Impacts on the extent and condition of ecosystems Regulatory risks related to biodiversity preservation (transition risks) – restrictions on the use of natural resources Financial risk Medium term Upstream Koskisen’s manufacturing operations (panel and sawmill industries) are highly dependent on wood raw material. The decline in biodiversity may lead to regulatory restrictions at the EU or national level regarding the use of natural resources. Disruptions in the availability, price, or quality of wood raw material would likely have broad impacts on the company’s cash flows and asset values. In the event of a weakening market outlook, such disruptions could also affect access to financing as well as its cost and terms. Voluntary biodiversity conservation measures that may reduce the availability of wood raw material (transition risks) Financial risk Medium term Upstream Koskisen’s manufacturing operations (panel and sawmill industries) are highly dependent on wood raw material. The decline in biodiversity may lead to regulatory restrictions at the EU or national level regarding the use of natural resources. Disruptions in the availability, price, or quality of wood raw material would likely have broad impacts on the company’s cash flows and asset values. In the event of a weakening market outlook, such disruptions could also affect access to financing as well as its cost and terms. Direct impact drivers of biodiversity loss (invasive alien species, others) Physical risks to raw material availability caused by negative biodiversity impacts Financial risk Medium term Upstream The decline in biodiversity negatively affects forest health, making forests more vulnerable to damage and reducing the availability of wood. For example, the absence of natural predators of harmful insects or the dominance of a single tree species can increase susceptibility to pests and other forest disturbances. This can lead to reduced wood supply and, consequently, higher raw material prices. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 36 E5 CIRCULAR ECONOMY Impacts Type of impact Time horizon Value chain Description Resources inflows, including resource use Reducing natural resource depletion and advancing circular economy principles through the use of production side streams in product development Positive impact All time horizons Own operations Various side streams from sawing and forest management (such as sawdust, logging residues, etc.) are utilized in panel industry, helping to slow down the depletion of primary resources and natural raw materials. Reducing natural resource depletion through the use of production side streams in energy and heat production Positive impact All time horizons Own operations Various side streams from sawing and forest management (such as sawdust, logging residues, etc.) are used in heat production, reducing the need for external or fossil fuels in the process. Reducing natural resource depletion and advancing circular economy through recycling Positive impact All time horizons Own operations For example, new uses are identified for offcuts from sawn timber and other recyclable waste materials. Recyclability and sustainability are also considered in procurement processes. Risks and opportunities Risk / opportunity Time horizon Value chain Description Resources inflows, including resource use Improved profitability through increased utilisation of side streams and recycled materials, as well as enhanced material efficiency Financial opportunity All time horizons Own operations From a material efficiency perspective, reducing the material input-to-output ratio improves cost- efficiency. Identifying new applications and opportunities for utilizing side streams or by-products in higher value-added products can have a positive impact on revenue and profitability. Similarly, the use of recycled materials in new (panel) products may also contribute positively to both revenue and profitability. Transition risks associated with the circular economy – uncertainty around the legal classification of industrial side streams Financial risk Medium term Own operations The relative difficulty of utilising Koskisen’s side streams (e.g., in particleboards) may increase if future legislation begins to prioritize recycled materials over industrial side streams. Resource depletion risks concerning critical inputs, such as wood, water, adhesives, coatings, metals, and plastics Financial risk All time horizons Upstream Koskisen’s manufacturing operations (panel, sawmill, and housing industries) are highly dependent on wood raw material and a range of other resources. Over the long term, resource depletion may lead to the scarcity of certain inputs, which in turn can affect both prices and availability. This may result in a permanently higher cost level, and if outlooks weaken, it could also lead to more limited access to financing or less favorable financing terms. Resource outflows related to products and services Circular economy transition opportunities – increased demand for renewable, wood-based products Financial opportunity Medium term Downstream Various EU or national level regulations related to material efficiency and recycling requirements – as well as changes in customer behavior – may increase demand for wood-based products suitable for reuse. This could lead to higher revenue and improve the market value of the company’s shares as future prospects strengthen. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 37 S1 OWN WORKFORCE Impacts Type of impact Time horizon Value chain Description Working conditions – health and safety Negative effects on employee health Negative impact All time horizons Own operations Various work-related hazards, accidents and work-related health problems: physical (accidents, heat, noise), ergonomic (poorly adjusted workstations, difficult trajectories) and chemical and particulate matter (exposure to substances hazardous to health, e.g. birch wood dust if inhaled, carcinogenic + other chemicals harmful to health, production consumables) negative effects on workers’ health. Positive impacts on employee health and well-being Positive impact All time horizons Own operations Various health promoting aspects: well-organised occupational safety and safety development measures, access to occupational health care, various counselling services. Own workforce Positive impacts related to Koskisen’s position as a significant industrial employer in the surrounding area Positive impact All time horizons Own operations Koskisen is one of the largest employers in the Päijät-Häme region, creating/supporting the well- being and purchasing power of employees living in nearby areas. In addition, the work generates tax revenue, which in turn supports not only the residents and livelihoods of the local area, but also the well-being of employees and their close friends. Risks and opportunities Risk / opportunity Time horizon Value chain Description Working conditions – health and safety Risks related to negative effects on safety and health Financial risk All time horizons Own operations If realised, accident and damage risks at production facilities could lead to Koskisen’s obligation to compensate for damages and delay or disrupt the delivery of Koskisen’s products and services. Judgments/fines related to possible negligence. Own workforce Opportunities for a positive employer image Financial opportunity All time horizons Own operations Koskisen’s ability to produce results depends on the availability and retention of skilled and motivated personnel. A positive employer reputation can promote recruitment and retention, improving operational stability and thus financial predictability, reducing the risk of loss of income due to labour shortages. Freedom of association Risks posed by industrial action, such as strikes Financial risk All time horizons Own operations Koskisen’s ability to make a profit depends on the work input of its skilled personnel. In the event of a strike or other industrial action, operations may come to a complete standstill, causing delays in deliveries and loss of income Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 38 Material impacts, risks and opportunities in relation to Koskisen’s strategy, business model and value chain have been discussed as part of the company’s double materiality assessment. Koskisen’s most material sustainability matters are directly related to Koskisen’s strategic choices, value chain and business model. Climate change mitigation and adaptation, safeguarding biodiversity, transitioning to a circular economy, and topics related to the working conditions and safety of its own workforce are part of Koskisen’s strategic planning. Changes in these themes are identified in the due diligence process and, if necessary, implemented in the Group’s strategic planning in a proportionate manner based on their significance. This will ensure Koskisen’s ability to react to the impacts that may result from changes in material sustainability topics. According to the company’s understanding, its strategy for the period 2024–2027, which is based on wood wisdom, its business model and value chain, take into account material sustainability topics and related impacts, risks and opportunities. The sustainability topics identified and confirmed in the strategy were already taken into account in the preparation of Koskisen’s strategy before the double materiality assessment, and no changes have been made to the strategy or business model based on them, and there are no plans to anticipate or significantly respond to the impacts by adjusting the business model or strategy. Sustainability impacts affect people through own workforce (S1). The positive effects include effects on employees' health and well-being as well as on employment in Koskisen’s production locations. The negative effects focus on occupational safety and health. Sustainability impacts affect nature through climate change (E1), biodiversity and ecosystem services (E4) and the circular economy (E5). From the perspective of climate change, the positive effects include the storage of carbon sequestered by forests in Koskisen’s wood products, emission reductions achieved through renewable energy production, emission reductions through energy savings, improving energy efficiency in our own operations, the positive effects of forest management measures on natural carbon sinks, and the development of products with lower emissions that enable the customer’s emission reductions. Negative impacts include emissions from vehicles related to wood procurement and transport throughout the value chain (including the transport of finished products), direct greenhouse gas emissions from production facilities, lifecycle emissions from adhesives and coatings for flat products, plastic and metal raw materials, indirect greenhouse gas emissions from the production of purchased electricity (Scope 2), and the reduction of forest carbon stocks and soil carbon sinks in harvesting and forestry. From the perspective of biodiversity and ecosystem services, the negative impacts are based on changes in land cover related to forest management and harvesting activities. From the perspective of the circular economy, the positive effects include slowing down the depletion of natural resources and promoting the circular economy by utilising production side streams in products and in heat production as well as through recycling. Koskisen’s material positive and negative sustainability impacts are directly linked to Koskisen’s strategy and business model. The impacts come from Koskisen’s own operations and direct business relationships in the value chain of wood procurement and the processing wood products industry. The current financial effects of Koskisen’s material opportunities relate to potential revenues or cost savings — and ultimately to cash flows — associated with increasing self-sufficiency in renewable energy production, improving energy efficiency, enhancing material efficiency and the utilisation rate of recycled materials, as well as the positive employer image contributing to easier recruitment and lower employee turnover. Koskisen is not aware of any material sustainability-related risks or opportunities during the reporting period that would, if realised, affect the company’s balance sheet value in the 2024 financial year. The company applies the transitional provision regarding the anticipated financial effects of material risks and opportunities on its financial position, financial performance, and cash flows in the short, medium, and long term, including the reasonably expected time horizons of such effects, by disclosing only qualitative information. In the short term (1 year), Koskisen may invest in energy efficiency and renewable energy, improving its ability to adapt quickly to rising energy prices and potential energy supply disruptions. Ongoing efforts to enhance biodiversity also support the management of future risks related to raw material availability. In the short term, the Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 39 company is prepared to respond to regulatory changes, such as climate change mitigation targets. Koskisen can also leverage opportunities related to circular economy and material efficiency in the near future. Efficient use of by-products and investments in new wood-based solutions can generate added value and revenue already within the year. In the medium term (1–5 years), the company will strengthen the flexibility of its supply chain and its ability to react to changes in the market and regulation. Investments in new production capacity and energy self-sufficiency increase the resilience of the business. The company must adapt to the long-term effects of climate change, such as the decline in biodiversity and the availability of raw materials. In the medium term, Koskisen can take advantage of opportunities, such as the anticipated growth in demand for wood construction and products, especially due to changes in legislation and customer behavior. The use of recycled and circular economy materials saves costs and improves profitability, while strengthening the company’s market position. In the long term (more than 5 years), the company’s strategy and business model make it even more flexible and less dependent on raw material price fluctuations and environmental risks. Long-term investments in new technologies and expansion into the global market strengthen the company’s resilience. Koskisen is preparing sustainable practices in line with its strategy to help adapt to global environmental risks, such as the challenges of climate change and the depletion of natural resources. In the long term, the company can also benefits from global megatrends such as the green transition and the circular bioeconomy. The use of wood raw material and products may increase, especially due to the demand for long-lasting and more sustainable solutions, which will bring significant growth opportunities for the company. New innovations and expansions can also open up new business areas and revenue growth. Koskisen’s strategy and business model support the preparation for short-, medium- and long-term challenges and opportunities, and they support the company’s resilience to environmental, market and regulatory changes.  Information will be provided only on the impacts, risks and opportunities covered by the ESRS reporting requirements, and no information will be provided on the impacts, risks and opportunities that would be covered by the use of other entity-specific reporting requirements. Description of the processes to identify and assess material impacts, risks and opportunities IRO-1 The Double Materiality Assessment (DMA) is a formally required method for determining which sustainability matters Koskisen must prioritise in its strategy and operations, and which topics are to be reported in the sustainability statement in accordance with the CSRD. Koskisen has identified and assessed its resources and operations to determine actual and potential impacts, risks, and opportunities in its own operations as well as in the upstream and downstream parts of its value chain. The identification and assessment process was conducted primarily at a general level, and the company has not separately screened its operations and plans to identify actual or potential future sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Koskisen’s impacts on climate change in terms of greenhouse gas emissions are described in the sustainability statement under disclosure requirement E1-6. To support the identification and assessment of climate- related impacts, risks, and opportunities, Koskisen also utilised climate roadmaps developed for the sawmill and forest industry, based on studies and scenarios prepared by organisations such as LUKE, VTT, and ETLA. These roadmaps were particularly used to identify different types of greenhouse gas emissions, physical climate risks affecting the availability of wood raw material, and transition risks and opportunities influencing, for example, the demand for wood construction, also providing direction for evaluating the relative materiality of these factors. Koskisen carried out its double materiality assessment process for the first time during 2023–2024. The methodology used in the process combined research based on public and selected internal sources, stakeholder interviews, individual technical materiality assessments, and dedicated working group meetings. The double-materiality assessment process was carried out in three main steps: 1 Understanding the context – reviewing internal materials (operations and business relationships, business model and value chain), other contextual information (sectoral framework, relevant EU sustainability regulation, peer review) and understanding stakeholder views and interests, including stakeholder interviews. 2 Identification of actual and potential impacts, risks and opportunities (IROs) related to sustainability issues – with reference to classification in European sustainability Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 40 reporting standards (ESRS 1, paragraph AR16). Koskisen's internal project team was responsible for the phase. 3 Assessment and determination of material impacts, risks and opportunities related to sustainability issues – a consolidated result of both materiality and financial materiality, which is mainly based on Koskisen's internal assessment, observations from stakeholder analysis and workshop work by the Executive Board. The prioritisation and mutual materiality of the identified impacts, risks and opportunities were assessed with Koskisen's internal project team in a browser-based assessment tool called Inclus in accordance with the principles of ESRS 1 chapter 3 for assessing materiality and economic materiality. The outcome of the assessment is a list of sustainability issues that are material to Koskisen. During the process, the internal control and risk management principles confirmed by Koskisen's Board of Directors were followed. The starting assumption for the impacts, risks and opportunities to be assessed was the sustainability topics related to the business model and strategy that Koskisen had already identified and reported. The findings were supplemented in the background analysis phase of the process based on the topic recommendations of the most similar established, science-based sector-specific sustainability standards, as well as observations from the review of the reporting practices of peer companies. Based on the background analysis, the most significant sustainability topics in the sector were related to climate change mitigation and adaptation, the preservation of biodiversity, the transition to a circular economy, and issues related to the working conditions of the company's own workforce. To support the identification and assessment of climate impacts, risks and opportunities, the sawmill and forest industries' Climate roadmaps based on studies and scenarios by Luke, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland and Etla. The roadmaps were used especially to identify different types of greenhouse gas emissions, physical climate risks affecting the availability of wood raw material and, for example. identifying transition risks and opportunities affecting the demand for wood construction, and also providing guidelines for assessing their mutual materiality. Koskisen's double materiality assessment process was carried out for the first time in 2023. The process was based on a combination of research based on public and certain internal sources, stakeholder interviews, personal technical materiality assessments and working group meetings. Assessment of materiality of impacts In the process of identifying and assessing material actual and potential impacts, Koskisen’s own operations and the main features of the value chain were mapped. This was done in order to identify activities, business relationships, geographic locations or other factors that contribute to material sustainability impacts related to the environment or people. At the beginning of Koskisen’s value chain, there are actions that cannot completely exclude the risk of potential human rights violations, such as in the collection and manufacture of raw materials for key production inputs. In the assessment of the identified potential negative social impacts associated with these measures, emphasis was placed on the severity value in relation to the likelihood of their realisation. Although the identification process was mainly carried out on a general level, the assessment of Koskisen’s own operations focused on sawn timber, plywood and chipboard operations, business relationships with similar customers and, in a geographical sense, on Koskisen’s production plant in the municipality of Kärkölä and its surrounding areas. Many of the identified impacts were found to be linked to financial risks, e.g. as a result of different compensation obligations and reputational damage. The links between different degrees of resource dependencies, such as the availability of wood raw material and skilled labour, were also found to be associated with potential risks. The impacts of biodiversity-sensitive areas mainly occur on the lands of private landowners, on which Koskisen has felling rights, which can thus be equated with site audits. The assessment and management will focus on the impact of the actions taken in these areas. The assessment identified a number of negative and positive impacts on people, the climate and the environment in which Koskisen potentially or actually participates through its own operations or business relationships (e.g. suppliers, customers and project contractors). The location of impacts in the value chain is described in Koskisen’s table of material sustainability impacts, risks and opportunities. In connection with the review, the key stakeholder representatives (e.g. Koskisen’s sawn timber, plywood and chipboard customers, forest owners, personnel representatives and municipal decision-makers) as well as the views of the users of the so-called sustainability reviews (owners and financiers). The views of the impacted stakeholders were used to identify, formulate and assess biodiversity-related impacts, risks and Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 41 opportunities. Various circular economy issues, especially related to the utilisation of recycled materials, were emphasised in chipboard customer’ views. The materiality of the identified sustainability impacts was assessed in accordance with the principles of the standards (ESRS 1, chapter 3). The assessment examined potential or actual negative and positive impacts, as well as their scale, scope and, in the case of negative impacts, the irreparable character of the impact. The severity of the negative and positive impacts and the likelihood of their realisation were each assessed on a scale of 1 to 5. The materiality of the impacts was formed as the product of separate severity and likelihood averages. As a result of the assessments, the mutual order of importance of all identified impacts, risks and opportunities was determined on the basis of materiality values, with the calculated median (11.1) serving as a quantitative threshold for materiality. Finally, the results were also reviewed qualitatively. Minor adjustments and reweightings were made by consensus, based on stakeholder insights and in cases where certain topics were judged to be unrealistically weighted in relation to Koskisen’s overall sustainability profile. The sustainability matters considered material for reporting purposes were determined based on the material impacts, risks, and opportunities grouped under each topic. The severity of the negative and positive impacts (taking into account the scale, scope and, in the case of negative impacts, pois the irremediable character of the impact), the magnitude of the economic impacts of the risks and opportunities, and the likelihood of their realisation were each assessed on a scale of 1–5. Materiality of financial impacts The materiality of the financial impacts related to sustainability risks and opportunities was assessed in the process of determining double materiality by examining their magnitude and likelihood of realisation. The assessment of sustainability-related risks and opportunities was carried out for the first time as a separate entity from Koskisen’s assessment process for other types of risks. The process took into account the links between material sustainability impacts and financial risks and opportunities. The prioritisation and mutual materiality of the identified impacts, risks and opportunities were assessed with Koskisen’s internal project team in a browser-based assessment tool called Inclus in accordance with the principles of ESRS 1 chapter 3 for assessing materiality and financial materiality. The financial materiality of the risks and opportunities was estimated as the product of the averages of the magnitude and likelihood assessments of the related financial impacts. As a result of the assessments, the mutual order of importance of all identified impacts, risks and opportunities was determined on the basis of materiality values, with the imputed median acting as a quantitative threshold for materiality. The magnitude and likelihood of financial impacts were estimated from low to high (5– point scale). Actual or very likely financial impacts were given a value of 5 (90–100% likelihood) and any short-, medium- or long-term financial impacts were assessed on a five-point scale between 0% and 100%. Finally, the results were also reviewed qualitatively. Minor adjustments and reweightings were made by consensus, based on stakeholder insights and in cases where certain topics were judged to be unrealistically weighted in relation to Koskisen’s overall sustainability profile. the results were also reviewed qualitatively. Minor adjustments and reweightings were made by consensus, based on stakeholder insights and in cases where certain topics were judged to be unrealistically weighted in relation to Koskisen’s overall sustainability profile. The materiality assessment is carried out as a separate process, after which the risks are treated as part of corporate risk management (ERM) and prioritised by applying their materiality level in the scaling of risks as described above. Decision-making related to the assessment of sustainability impacts, risks and opportunities is the responsibility of the company’s Executive Board under the leadership of the CEO. The process complies with Koskisen’s normal management system and the internal control and risk management principles approved by the company’s Board of Directors. The process of identifying and assessing material sustainability impacts, risks and opportunities required by the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) was carried out at Koskisen for the first time in June–November 2023. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 42 The need for materiality assessment is reviewed annually. The impacts and risks identified in the materiality process are included in corporate risk management (ERM). When the need for materiality assessment is identified, existing information on the corporate risk process is used as initial data. The process of identifying, assessing and managing opportunities is carried out as part of the stakeholder and risk management process, the results of which are reported to the Management Team. The sustainability topics linked to the business model and strategy, previously identified and reported by Koskisen, were used as the starting point for the impacts, risks and opportunities to be assessed. The findings were supplemented in the background analysis phase of the process based on the topic recommendations of the most similar established, science-based and sector-specific sustainability standards, as well as observations from the review of the reporting practices of peer companies. To support the identification and assessment of climate impacts, risks and opportunities, the sawmill and forest industries’ climate roadmaps based on studies and scenarios by Luke, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland and Etla. The roadmaps were used especially to identify different types of greenhouse gas emissions, physical climate risks affecting the availability of wood raw material and, for example, identifying transition risks and opportunities affecting the demand for wood construction, and also providing guidelines for assessing their mutual materiality. The identified impacts, risks and opportunities were assessed in a browser-based tool called Inclus in accordance with the principles of ESRS 1 chapter 3. In this way, the starting point for the quantitative materiality assessment was achieved, which was supplemented on the basis of stakeholder views. Disclosure requirements in ESRS covered by the undertaking’s sustainability statement IRO-2 IRO-1 Information related to double materiality assessment on non- material topics ESRS E2 Pollution Non-material topic. Due diligence and preventive measures related to pollution are part of the everyday operations of production plants subject to environmental permits, which involve regular cooperation and reporting by the authorities. Koskisen has not carried out a detailed screening of the locations of its sites and its business operations to identify the actual and potential impacts, risks and opportunities of soil, air or other emissions to the environment in its own operations or upstream and downstream value chain. The topic was excluded from a more detailed assessment at an early stage in the double materiality analysis. Therefore, no screening methods, assumptions or tools have been defined. Based on the low materiality of the topic, the company has not organised separate consultations on pollution and has not engaged in stakeholder discussions, especially with the affected communities. ESRS E3 Water and marine resources Non-material topic. The double materiality assessment did not include a detailed survey of Koskisen’s assets and operations in order to identify impacts, risks and opportunities related to water and marine resources in Koskisen’s own operations or upstream and downstream value chain. The topic was excluded from a more detailed assessment at an early stage of the process. Based on the low relevance of the topic, no stakeholder consultations related to water and marine resources were conducted. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 43 ESRS G1 Business Conduct Non-material topic. The double materiality assessment was based on an examination of unethical activities, such as anti-corruption and anti-bribery practices, as well as the treatment of suppliers and service providers. Ethical business operations and acting in accordance with them are the foundation of Koskisen’s business operations and part of its normal operations. The location, activity, sector or structure of a particular transaction were not assessed separately. Disclosure Requirement and related datapoint SFDR reference Pillar reference Benchmark Regulation reference EU Climate Law (11) reference Page number ESRS 2 GOV-1 Board’s gender diversity paragraph 21 (d) Indicator number 13 of Table #1 of Annex I Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1816, Annex II 22 ESRS 2 GOV-1 Percentage of board members who are independent paragraph 21 (e) Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1816, Annex II 21 ESRS 2 GOV-4 Statement on due diligence paragraph 30 Indicator number 10 Table #3 of Annex I 26 ESRS 2 SBM-1 Involvement in activities related to fossil fuel activities paragraph 40 (d) i Indicators number 4 Table #1 of Annex I Article 449a Regulation (EU) No 575/2013; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2453 Table 1: Qualitative information on Environmental risk and Table 2: Qualitative information on Social risk Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1816, Annex II Not material, information reported p. 28 ESRS 2 SBM-1 Involvement in activities related to chemical production paragraph 40 (d) ii Indicator number 9 Table #2 of Annex I Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1816, Annex II Not material ESRS 2 SBM-1 Involvement in activities related to controversial weapons paragraph 40 (d) iii Indicator number 14 Table #1 of Annex I Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1818, Article 12(1) Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1816, Annex II Not material ESRS 2 SBM-1 Involvement in activities related to cultivation and production of tobacco paragraph 40 (d) iv Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1818, Article 12(1) Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1816, Annex II Not material ESRS E1-1 Transition plan to reach climate neutrality by 2050 paragraph 14 Regulation (EU) 2021/1119, Article 2(1) 60 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 44 Disclosure Requirement and related datapoint SFDR reference Pillar reference Benchmark Regulation reference EU Climate Law (11) reference Page number ESRS E1-1 Undertakings excluded from Paris-aligned Benchmarks paragraph 16 (g) Article 449a Regulation (EU) No 575/2013; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2453 Template 1: Banking book – Climate Change transition risk: Credit quality of exposures by sector, emissions and residual maturity Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1818, Article12.1 (d) to (g), and Article 12.2 Not material ESRS E1-4 GHG emission reduction targets paragraph 34 Indicator number 4 Table #2 of Annex I Article 449a Regulation (EU) No 575/2013; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2453 Template 3: Banking book – Climate change transition risk: alignment metrics Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1818, Article 6 65 ESRS E1-5 Energy consumption from fossil sources disaggregated by sources (only high climate impact sectors) paragraph 38 Indicator number 5 Table #1 and Indicator n. 5 Table #2 of Annex I 66 ESRS E1-5 Energy consumption and mix paragraph 37 Indicator number 5 Table #1 of Annex I 66 ESRS E1-5 Energy intensity associated with activities in high climate impact sectors paragraphs 40 to 43 Indicator number 6 Table #1 of Annex I 66 ESRS E1-6 Gross Scope 1, 2, 3 and Total GHG emissions paragraph 44 Indicators number 1 and 2 Table #1 of Annex I Article 449a; Regulation (EU) No 575/2013; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2453 Template 1: Banking book – Climate change transition risk: Credit quality of exposures by sector, emissions and residual maturity Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1818, Article 5(1), 6 and 8(1) 69 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 45 Disclosure Requirement and related datapoint SFDR reference Pillar reference Benchmark Regulation reference EU Climate Law (11) reference Page number ESRS E1-6 Gross GHG emissions intensity paragraphs 53 to 55 Indicators number 3 Table #1 of Annex I Article 449a Regulation (EU) No 575/2013; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2453 Template 3: Banking book – Climate change transition risk: alignment metrics Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1818, Article 8(1) 70 ESRS E1-7 GHG removals and carbon credits paragraph 56 Regulation (EU) 2021/1119, Article 2(1) 72 ESRS E1-9 Exposure of the benchmark portfolio to climate- related physical risks paragraph 66 Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1818, Annex II Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1816, Annex II Not material ESRS E1-9 Disaggregation of monetary amounts by acute and chronic physical risk paragraph 66 (a) ESRS E1-9 Location of significant assets at material physical risk paragraph 66 (c) Article 449a Regulation (EU) No 575/2013; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2453 paragraphs 46 and 47; Template 5: Banking book - Climate change physical risk: Exposures subject to physical risk. Not material ESRS E1-9 Breakdown of the carrying value of its real estate assets by energy-efficiency classes paragraph 67 (c) Article 449a Regulation (EU) No 575/2013; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2453 paragraph 34; Template 2:Banking book - Climate change transition risk: Loans collateralised by immovable property - Energy efficiency of the collateral Not material ESRS E1-9 Degree of exposure of the portfolio to climate- related opportunities paragraph 69 Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1818, Annex II Not material ESRS E2-4 Amount of each pollutant listed in Annex II of the E-PRTR Regulation (European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register) emitted to air, water and soil paragraph 28 Indicator number 8 Table #1 of Annex I, Indicator number 2 Table #2 of Annex I, Indicator number 1 Table #2 of Annex I, Indicator number 3 Table #2 of Annex I Not material Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 46 Disclosure Requirement and related datapoint SFDR reference Pillar reference Benchmark Regulation reference EU Climate Law (11) reference Page number ESRS E3-1 Water and marine resources paragraph 9 Indicator number 7 Table #2 of Annex I Not material ESRS E3-1 Dedicated policy paragraph 13 Indicator number 8 Table 2 of Annex I Not material ESRS E3-1 Sustainable oceans and seas paragraph 14 Indicator number 12 Table #2 of Annex I Not material ESRS E3-4 Total water recycled and reused paragraph 28 (c) Indicator number 6.2 Table #2 of Annex I Not material ESRS E3-4 Total water consumption in m3 per net revenue on own operations paragraph 29 Indicator number 6.1 Table #2 of Annex I Not material ESRS 2 – IRO-1 – E4 paragraph 16 (a) i Indicator number 7 Table #1 of Annex I 74 ESRS 2 – IRO-1 – E4 paragraph 16 (b) Indicator number 10 Table #2 of Annex I 74 ESRS 2 – IRO-1 – E4 paragraph 16 (c) Indicator number 14 Table #2 of Annex I 74 ESRS E4-2 Sustainable land / agriculture practices or policies paragraph 24 (b) Indicator number 11 Table #2 of Annex I 75 ESRS E4-2 Sustainable oceans / seas practices or policies paragraph 24 (c) Indicator number 12 Table #2 of Annex I 75 ESRS E4-2 Policies to address deforestation paragraph 24 (d) Indicator number 15 Table #2 of Annex I 75 ESRS E5-5 Non-recycled waste paragraph 37 (d) Indicator number 13 Table #2 of Annex I 84 ESRS E5-5 Hazardous waste and radioactive waste paragraph 39 Indicator number 9 Table #1 of Annex I 84 ESRS 2 – SBM-3 – S1 Risk of incidents of forced labour paragraph 14 (f) Indicator number 13 Table #3 of Annex I 86 ESRS 2 – SBM-3 – S1 Risk of incidents of child labour paragraph 14 (g) Indicator number 12 Table #3 of Annex I 86 ESRS S1-1 Human rights policy commitments paragraph 20 Indicator number 9 Table #3 and Indicator number 11 Table #1 of Annex I 87 ESRS S1-1 Due diligence policies on issues addressed by the fundamental International Labor Organisation Conventions 1 to 8 paragraph 21 Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1816, Annex II 87 ESRS S1-1 Processes and measures for preventing trafficking in human beings paragraph 22 Indicator number 11 Table #3 of Annex I 87 ESRS S1-1 Workplace accident prevention policy or management system paragraph 23 Indicator number 1 Table #3 of Annex I 87 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 47 Disclosure Requirement and related datapoint SFDR reference Pillar reference Benchmark Regulation reference EU Climate Law (11) reference Page number ESRS S1-3 Grievance/complaints handling mechanisms paragraph 32 (c) Indicator number 5 Table #3 of Annex I 89 ESRS S1-14 Number of fatalities and number and rate of work-related paragraph 88 (b) and (c) Indicator number 2 Table #3 of Annex I Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1816, Annex II 98 ESRS S1-14 Number of days lost to injuries, accidents, fatalities or illness paragraph 88 (e) Indicator number 3 Table #3 of Annex I 98 ESRS S1-16 Unadjusted gender pay gap paragraph 97 (a) Indicator number 12 Table #1 of Annex I Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1816, Annex II Not material ESRS S1-16 Excessive CEO pay ratio paragraph 97 (b) Indicator number 8 Table #3 of Annex I Not material ESRS S1-17 Incidents of discrimination paragraph 103 (a) Indicator number 7 Table #3 of Annex I 99 ESRS S1-17 Non-respect of UNGPs on Business and Human Rights and OECD paragraph 104 (a) Indicator number 10 Table #1 and Indicator n. 14 Table #3 of Annex I Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1816, Annex II Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1818 Art 12 (1) 99 ESRS 2 – SBM-3 – S2 Significant risk of child labour or forced labour in the value chain paragraph 11 (b) Indicators number 12 and n. 13 Table #3 of Annex I Not material ESRS S2-1 Human rights policy commitments paragraph 17 Indicator number 9 Table #3 and Indicator n. 11 Table #1 of Annex I Not material ESRS S2-1 Policies related to value chain workers paragraph 18 Indicator number 11 and n. 4 Table #3 of Annex I Not material ESRS S2-1 Non-respect of UNGPs on Business and Human Rights principles and OECD guidelines paragraph 19 Indicator number 10 Table #1 of Annex I Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1816, Annex II Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1818, Art 12 (1) Not material ESRS S2-1 Due diligence policies on issues addressed by the fundamental International Labor Organisation Conventions 1 to 8 paragraph 19 Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1816, Annex II Not material ESRS S2-4 Human rights issues and incidents connected to its upstream and downstream value chain paragraph 36 Indicator number 14 Table #3 of Annex I Not material ESRS S3-1 Human rights policy commitments paragraph 16 Indicator number 9 Table #3 of Annex 1 and Indicator number 11 Table #1 of Annex I Not material Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 48 Disclosure Requirement and related datapoint SFDR reference Pillar reference Benchmark Regulation reference EU Climate Law (11) reference Page number ESRS S3-1 Non-respect of UNGPs on Business and Human Rights, ILO principles or and OECD guidelines paragraph 17 Indicator number 10 Table #1 Annex I Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1816, Annex II Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1818, Art 12 (1) Not material ESRS S3-4 Human rights issues and incidents paragraph 36 Indicator number 14 Table #3 of Annex I Not material ESRS S4-1 Policies related to consumers and end-users paragraph 16 Indicator number 9 Table #3 and Indicator number 11 Table #1 of Annex I Not material ESRS S4-1 Non-respect of UNGPs on Business and Human Rights and OECD guidelines paragraph 17 Indicator number 10 Table #1 of Annex I Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1816, Annex II DelegatedRegulation (EU)2020/1818, Art 12 (1) Not material ESRS S4-4 Human rights issues and incidents paragraph 35 Indicator number 14 Table #3 of Annex I Not material ESRS G1-1 United Nations Convention against corruption paragraph 10 (b) Indicator number 15 Table #3 of Annex I Not material ESRS G1-1 Protection of whistle-blowers paragraph 10 (d) Indicator number 6 Table #3 of Annex I Not material ESRS G1-4 Fines for violation of anti-corruption and anti- bribery laws paragraph 24 (a) Indicator number 17 Table #3 of Annex I Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/1816, Annex II Not material ESRS G1-4 Standards of anti-corruption and anti-bribery paragraph 24 (b) Indicator number 16 Table #3 of Annex I Not material Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 49 The table below provides a list of sustainability reporting disclosure requirements, including references to the relevant page numbers. ESRS 2 General disclosures Page BP-1 General basis for preparation of sustainability statements 20 BP-2 Disclosures in relation to specific circumstances 20 GOV-1 The role of the administrative, management and supervisory bodies 21 GOV-2 Information provided to and sustainability matters addressed by the undertaking’s administrative, management and supervisory bodies 25 GOV-3 Integration of sustainability-related performance in incentive schemes 25 GOV-4 Statement on due diligence 26 GOV-5 Risk management and internal controls over sustainability reporting 27 SBM-1 Strategy, business model and value chain 27 SBM-2 Interests and views of stakeholders 30 SBM-3 Material impacts, risks and opportunities and their interaction with strategy and business model 33 IRO-1 Description of the processes to identify and assess material impacts, risks and opportunities 39 IRO-2 Disclosure requirements in ESRS covered by the undertaking’s sustainability statement 42 ESRS E1 Climate change Page ESRS 2 / GOV-3 Integration of sustainability-related performance in incentive schemes 25 E1-1 Transition plan for climate change mitigation 60 ESRS 2 / SBM-3 Material impacts, risks and opportunities and their interaction with the strategy and business model 60 ESRS 2 / IRO-1 Description of the processes to identify and assess material climate-related impacts, risks and opportunities 61 E1-2 Policies related to climate change mitigation and adaptation 63 E1-3 Actions and resources in relation to climate change policies 64 E1-4 Targets related to climate change mitigation and adaptation 65 E1-5 Energy consumption and mix 66 E1-6 Gross Scopes 1, 2, 3 and Total GHG emissions 67 E1-7 GHG removals and GHG mitigation projects financed through carbon credits 72 E1-8 Internal carbon pricing 72 ESRS E4 Biodiversity and ecosystems Page E4-1 Description of processes to identify and assess material biodiversity and ecosystem-related impacts, risks and opportunities 74 ESRS 2 / SBM-3 Material impacts, risks and opportunities and their interaction with strategy and business model 73 ESRS 2 / IRO-1 Description of processes to identify and assess material biodiversity and ecosystem-related impacts, risks and opportunities 73 E4-2 Policies related to biodiversity and ecosystems 75 E4-3 Actions and resources related to biodiversity and ecosystems 76 E4-4 Targets related to biodiversity and ecosystems 78 E4-5 Impact metrics related to biodiversity and ecosystems change 78 ESRS E5 Resource use and circular economy Page ESRS 2 / IRO-1 Description of the processes to identify and assess material resource use and circular economy-related impacts, risks and opportunities 80 E5-1 Policies related to resource use and circular economy 80 E5-2 Actions and resources related to resource use and circular economy 81 E5-3 Targets related to resource use and circular economy 82 E5-4 Resource inflows 83 E5-5 Resource outflows 84 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 50 ESRS S1 Own workforce Page ESRS 2 / SBM-3 Material impacts, risks and opportunities and their interaction with the strategy and business model 86 S1-1 Policies related to own workforce 86 S1-2 Processes for engaging with own workers and workers’ representatives about impacts 88 S1-3 Processes to remedy the negative impacts and channels for own workers to raise concerns 89 S1-4 Taking action on material impacts on own workforce, and approaches to mitigating material risks and pursuing material opportunities related to own workforce, and effectiveness of those actions 90 S1-5 Targets related to managing material negative impacts, advancing positive impacts, and managing material risks and opportunities 93 S1-6 Characteristics of the company’s employees 94 S1-8 Collective bargaining coverage and social dialogue 96 S1-9 Collective bargaining coverage and social dialogue 97 S1-10 Adequate wages 97 S1-11 Social protection 97 S1-13 Training and skills development metrics 97 S1-14 Health and safety metrics 98 S1-15 Work-life balance metrics 99 S1-17 Incidents, complaints and severe human rights impacts 99 Definition of material information The material information to be disclosed in the sustainability statement regarding impacts, risks, and opportunities has been defined through the double materiality assessment process, applying a defined materiality threshold. The materiality of the identified impacts, risks, and opportunities was assessed in line with the principles set out in the standards (ESRS 1, Chapter 3). The severity of negative and positive impacts was evaluated based on scale, scope, and, in the case of negative impacts, also the irremediable character. The financial magnitude of risks and opportunities, as well as the likelihood of their realisation, were assessed on a scale from 1 to 5. Impact materiality was calculated as the product of the average scores for severity and likelihood. Similarly, the financial materiality of risks and opportunities was determined based on the magnitude and probability of their financial effects. The results of these evaluations provided a ranking of all identified impacts, risks, and opportunities based on their materiality scores, with a quantitative materiality threshold defined by the calculated median value (11.1). The results were also reviewed qualitatively. Minor adjustments and reweightings were made by consensus, based on stakeholder insights and in cases where certain topics were judged to be unrealistically weighted in relation to Koskisen’s overall sustainability profile. The sustainability matters considered material for reporting purposes were determined based on the material impacts, risks, and opportunities grouped under each topic and are presented in the table below. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 51 Impacts, risks, and opportunities categorized by sustainability topic Climate change Biodiversity and ecosystems Resource use and circular economy Own workforce Impacts Impacts Impacts Impacts The carbon sequestered by forests is stored long-term in Koskisen’s wood products Negative impacts on biodiversity caused by land cover changes related to forest management and harvesting operations Reducing natural resource depletion and advancing circular economy principles through the use of production side streams in product development Positive impacts related to Koskisen’s position as a significant industrial employer in the surrounding area Emissions from vehicles involved throughout the value chain (including transport of finished products) Reducing natural resource depletion through the use of production side streams in energy and heat production Positive impacts on employee health and well-being Lifecycle emissions from panel products, adhesives and coatings, plastics and metal raw materials Reducing natural resource depletion and advancing circular economy through recycling Negative effects on employee health Emission reductions achieved through renewable energy production Indirect greenhouse gas emissions from purchased electricity (Scope 2) Direct greenhouse gas emissions from production facilities Positive impacts of forest management practices on natural carbon sinks Emission reductions through energy savings – improving energy efficiency in own operations Development of low-emission products that enable emission reductions for the customer Reduction of forest carbon stocks and soil carbon sinks due to harvesting and forest management activities. Risks and opportunities Risks and opportunities Risks and opportunities Risks and opportunities Risks related to the physical impacts of climate change may disrupt the availability of raw materials Physical risks to raw material availability caused by negative biodiversity impacts Improved profitability through increased utilization of side streams and recycled materials, as well as enhanced material efficiency Risks posed by industrial action, such as strikes Regulatory risks related to the preservation of carbon sinks (transition risks) – harvesting restrictions Regulatory risks related to biodiversity preservation (transition risks) – restrictions on the use of natural resources Transition risks associated with the circular economy – uncertainty around the legal classification of industrial side streams Opportunities for a positive employer image Opportunities related to the transition to a low-carbon society – growth in demand for wood construction and wood-based products Voluntary biodiversity conservation measures that may reduce the availability of wood raw material (transition risks) Resource depletion risks concerning critical inputs such as wood, water, adhesives, coatings, metals, and plastics Opportunities for energy self-sufficiency achieved through own energy production Circular economy transition opportunities – increased demand for renewable, wood-based products Energy efficiency opportunities Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 52 Environmental information Koskisen creates value for its customers by helping them mitigate climate change and adapt to the future with products and services. Koskisen has committed to continuously minimize the impact of its operations, value chain and the full lifecycle of its products on soil, water, climate and the ecosystems. EU Taxonomy Report ............................................................................. 53 ESRS E1 Climate change ....................................................................... 60 ESRS E4 Biodiversity and ecosystems ............................................. 73 ESRS E5 Resource use and circular economy ............................... 80 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 53 EU Taxonomy Report Information pursuant to Article 8 of Regulation (EU) 2020/852 (Taxonomy Regulation) The EU Taxonomy is a classification system for sustainable economic activities as defined in Regulation (EU) 2020/852 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Taxonomy Regulation) that entered into force in 2020, aiming to enhance the transparency of sustainable investment and reorient capital flows towards technologies and business considered sustainable. The Taxonomy Regulation has been gradually supplemented by delegated acts over the years. In practice, the EU Taxonomy is a list of economic activities identified by the taxonomy with technical sustainability criteria that are considered to play a key role in achieving the EU’s six environmental objectives: 1. Climate change mitigation 2. Climate change adaptation 3. Sustainable use and protection of water and marine resources 4. Transition to a circular economy 5. Pollution prevention 6. Protection and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystems In addition to taxonomy eligibility (the proportion of own activities that correspond to the activities listed in the taxonomy), companies with disclosure obligations must also report on taxonomy alignment, i.e. the extent to which taxonomy-eligible activities meet the technical criteria for a) substantially contributing to at least one environmental objective, b) avoiding significant harm to the achievement of other environmental objectives (Do No Significant Harm, DNSH), and c) the sufficiency of the Minimum Safeguards aimed at preventing social violations in own operations and supply chain. For the time being, the majority of Koskisen’s product portfolio (timber, plywood and panel products) results from activities that are not identified in the taxonomy and are therefore not taxonomy-eligible. However, this does not mean that Koskisen’s product portfolio is unsustainable from the point of view of the EU taxonomy, but that the operations concerned are not currently considered to be among the activities with which the EU considers that it will achieve the most immediate and significant environmental benefits in its economic area. Koskisen’s activities related to forest management services, energy efficiency and production investments in production plants and properties, forest biomass-based energy production, various restoration measures and certain low-emission products can be considered to be taxonomy- eligible, i.e. activities identified in the taxonomy. For many taxonomy-eligible activities, meeting the criteria for taxonomy alignment would require detailed investigations and often also their independent verification. Accounting principle Koskisen’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting standards (IFRS) approved for use in the EU (for more information, see the “Basis of preparation” note to the financial statements). The taxonomy percentages have been calculated by allocating the financial figures presented in the consolidated financial statements (net revenue, CapEx and certain operating expenses (OpEx)) to businesses that have been interpreted as taxonomy-eligible in accordance with the Delegated Act on the disclosure format of the Taxonomy Regulation. CapEx and OpEx were defined as taxonomy-eligible if they relate to Koskisen’s own taxonomy-eligible activities or are related to a taxonomy-eligible service or product procured from a third party. The minimum safeguards aimed at preventing social violations were assessed by comparing the activities with the interpretation guidelines of the Commission Notice (2024/C 211/01). There were no significant changes in the definition of financial ratios during the financial year with regard to the interpretation of the taxonomy eligibility of operations or the criteria for determining numerator items. Taxonomy assessment Taxonomy eligibility and taxonomy alignment were determined by comparing the activities that generated revenue and were the subject of investments during Koskisen’s financial year 2024 with the descriptions of economic activities listed in the taxonomy and their technical criteria. As a large part of Koskisen’s product portfolio is currently outside the scope of the taxonomy, the taxonomy assessment is limited to the following taxonomy-eligible economic activities: Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 54 CCM 1.3. Forest management Forest management services provided to forest owners include activities such as soil preparation, planting of seedlings and seeds, early weeding, tending of seedling stands and preclearing. Koskisen’s timber harvesting operations also generate revenue, the share of which can be broken down from invoicing in connection with the sale of timber on behalf of forest owners. The activities cannot yet be considered to be in line with the taxonomy, as formal climate benefit estimates in accordance with the requirements are not yet available in the forest management plans of the forest parcels concerned by the activities. PPC 2.4. Remediation of contaminated sites and areas Operating expenditure (OpEx) used for groundwater treatment operations in Järvelä is considered taxonomy-eligible. The contamination of groundwater was caused in 1976 by the fire extinguishing water of Koskisen’s sawmill with a chlorophenol-containing wood preservative for sawn timber (KY-5). Groundwater treatment operations were started independently in 2012 using a method developed in cooperation with Afry Finland Oy. CE 3.2. Renovation of existing buildings In 2024, Koskisen implemented maintenance measures for factory and office buildings that are taxonomy-eligible. The largest investments were the repair of the plywood and chipboard roof and the reinforcement of the steel structures of warehouse halls 1 and 2. Maintenance activities do not yet meet all of the criteria for substantially contributing to the transition to a circular economy, as the Global Warming Potential (GWP) is not yet calculated for all building renovations. CCM 3.5. Manufacture of energy efficiency equipment for buildings The exterior cladding panels, logs, external wall frame parts and battens and panel products used for doors manufactured by Koskisen from wood were considered to be a key part of the insulation of the building concerned and thus of its energy efficiency. For the time being, these are not taxonomy aligned, as the thermal conductivity (W/ mK) of the material exceeds the limit value of the technical criterion for substantially contributing to climate change mitigation. CCM 3.6. Manufacture of other low carbon technologies During the financial year 2024, Koskisen prepared the start of commercial production of Zero furniture panel. In the Zero furniture panel, wood-based lignin replaces the fossil-based binder conventionally used in similar products, being a lower-emission alternative to ordinary furniture panels, and therefore it has been interpreted to correspond to the manufacture of other low-carbon technologies referred to in the taxonomy. In addition, Koskisen has invested in a lignin adhesive tank at the chipboard factory. Not all verification data required by taxonomy are available yet. CCM 4.1. Electricity generation using solar photovoltaic technology There is a solar power field at Koskisen’s Tehdastie factory area. The maintenance of the solar power field has resulted in taxonomy-eligible expenditure. Not all verification data required by taxonomy are available yet. CCM 4.24. Production of heat/cool from bioenergy The Sermet and BIO8 boiler plants at Koskisen’s Mäntsäläntie plant area produce district heat for the plant’s own needs from 100% wood biomass, utilising the by- products of its own process. Not all the required data concerning the source of the wood biomass are currently available, so it is not yet possible to verify that the activities are taxonomy-aligned. CCM 4.20. Cogeneration of heat/cool and power from bioenergy The Koskipower boiler plant at Koskisen’s Tehdastie plant area produces heat and electricity from 97.3% wood biomass. In special cases (e.g. during maintenance work), the boiler plant may also fire fossil fuels, but this proportion has not been calculated in the taxonomy eligibility ratio. Not all the required data concerning the source of the wood biomass are currently available, so it is not yet possible to verify that the activities are taxonomy-aligned. CCM 5.1. Construction, expansion and operation of water collection, treatment and supply systems During the financial year 2024, a significant investment was made in the stormwater system of the new log yard. In addition, investments have been made in emergency showers at the plywood and chipboard factories. The technical energy consumption data required to prove taxonomy alignment were not yet available. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 55 CCM 7.3. Installation, maintenance and repair of energy efficiency equipment Koskisen’s properties and outdoor areas have seen Investments in the installation of more energy-efficient LED lights, among other things. In addition, the electricity metering and analysis system has been updated. For the time being, in the absence of the required data, it has not been possible to demonstrate all of the technical screening criteria for avoiding sustainability harm. CE 4.1. Provision of IT/OT data-driven solutions During the year under review, Koskisen invested in a thickness gauge for plywood sanding and quality control camera for coated panels, renewed the logic of the drying chambers and updated the bevel camera, making it possible to improve resource efficiency and thus contribute to the goals of the transition to a circular economy. Incomplete investments in the AI modernisation of the strip sealing camera at the Panel Industry Järvelä plants have also been considered to be compatible with this taxonomy-eligible activity category. Not all of the validation data required for the taxonomy-alignment of data-driven IT/OT solutions promoting the transition to a circular economy are yet available. CCM 7.7. Acquisition and ownership of buildings During the year under review, Koskisen purchased a residential property in the noise area affected by the Järvelä production plant. The building lacks the energy efficiency data required for taxonomy alignment. The EU taxonomy requires companies to disclose how they have avoided duplicate accounting when allocating the shares of turnover, capital expenditure (CapEx) and certain operating expenses (OpEx) to economic activities (numerator items) that are taxonomically eligible (and aligned). The activities listed above correspond to the cost and income items of the business areas that are separately monitored in Koskisen’s accounting, which makes it possible to allocate financial figures to parts of operations that are considered taxonomy eligible. If an activity can be considered to be taxonomy- eligible from the perspective of promoting more than one environmental objective, the environmental objective perspective that best corresponds to the nature of the activity has been selected from the criteria and the numerator item of the applicable financial ratio has been allocated to the activity in question as a whole. Minimum safeguards By minimum safeguards, the Taxonomy Regulation refers to a company’s procedures to ensure that its operations and supply chain comply with a) OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, b) UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGP), c) the declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and d) the United Nations Universal Declaration on Human Rights. In practice, adherence to the above principles requires the company to have in place administrative processes for a) the realisation of human rights and good working conditions, combatting corruption and bribery, safeguarding fair competition and the payment of taxes to avoid violations, and that the company or its management has not been convicted of illegal activity in relation to the topics. Koskisen has no illegal violations against the aforementioned matters and the Group’s current governance structures, practices and controls are designed to avoid negative impacts and, if necessary, remedy them. Koskisen invests in many ways in its social responsibility priorities: occupational safety, employee well-being and maintaining good and fair partnerships with customers and forest owners. The aim is to prevent negative impacts through various policies, guidelines and risk assessments. Various indicators of occupational safety and customer satisfaction are monitored and the results are reported on an annual basis. Koskisen also has a Whistleblowing channel on its website, which can be used to anonymously report any violations. For more information, see section GOV-4 Statement on due diligence of the Sustainability Statement. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 56 PROPORTION OF TURNOVER FROM PRODUCTS OR SERVICES ASSOCIATED WITH TAXONOMY-ALIGNED ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Substantial contribution criteria DNSH criteria (Does Not Significantly Harm) Economic activities Code(s) Absolute turnover Proportion of turnover, 2024 Climate change mitigation Climate change adaptation Water and marine resources Pollution Circular economy Biodiversity and ecosystems Climate change mitigation Climate change adaptation Water and marine resources Pollution Circular economy Biodiversity and ecosystems Minimum safeguards Proportion of turnover, 2023 Category (enabling activity) Category (transitional activity) MEUR % % % % % % % Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N % E T TAXONOMY-ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES Environmentally sustainable activities (Taxonomy-aligned) Turnover of environmentally sustainable activities (Taxonomy- aligned) - -% -% -% -% -% -% -% Y Y Y Y Y Y Y -% -% -% Taxonomy-eligible but not environmentally sustainable activities (not Taxonomy-aligned activities) Forest management CCM 1.3. 19.6 7.0% 6.6% Manufacture of energy efficiency equipment for buildings CCM 3.5. 7.5 2.6% 3.3% Manufacture of other low-carbon technologies CCM 3.6. 0.1 -% -% Turnover of Taxonomy-eligible but not environmentally sustainable activities (not Taxonomy-aligned activities) 27.1 9.6% 9.9% Turnover of taxonomy eligible activities 27.1 9.6% 9.9% TAXONOMY-NON-ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES Turnover of Taxonomy-non-eligible activities 255.2 90.4% TOTAL 282.3 100% Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 57 PROPORTION OF CAPEX FROM PRODUCTS OR SERVICES ASSOCIATED WITH TAXONOMY-ALIGNED ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Substantial contribution criteria DNSH criteria (Does Not Significantly Harm) Economic activities Code(s) Capital expenditure Share of capital expenditure, 2024 Climate change mitigation Climate change adaptation Water and marine resources Pollution Circular economy Biodiversity and ecosystems Climate change mitigation Climate change adaptation Water and marine resources Pollution Circular economy Biodiversity and ecosystems Minimum safeguards Share of capital expenditure, 2023 Category (enabling activity) Category (transitional activity) MEUR % % % % % % % Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N % E T TAXONOMY-ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES Environmentally sustainable activities (Taxonomy-aligned) Electricity generation using solar photovoltaic technology CCM 4.1. - -% 100% -% -% -% -% -% Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 4.0% CapEx of environmentally sustainable activities (Taxonomy-aligned) - -% -% -% -% -% -% -% Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 4.0% -% -% Taxonomy-eligible but not environmentally sustainable activities (not Taxonomy-aligned activities) Renovation of existing buildings CE 3.2. 1.0 2.9% 4.0% Construction, extension and operation of water collection, treatment and supply systems CCM 7.3. 0.5 1.5% 0.1% Acquisition and ownership of buildings CCM 1.3. 0.4 1.1% -% Installation, maintenance and repair of energy efficiency equipment 0.1 0.4% 1.1% Manufacture of other low-carbon technologies CE 4.1. 0.1 0.3% -% Provision of IT/OT data-driven solutions CCM 5.1. 0.1 0.3% 0.5% Forest management CCM 4.24. - -% 0.8% CapEx of Taxonomy eligible but not environmentally sustainable activities (not Taxonomy-aligned activities) 2.2 6.6% 6.5% CapEx of Taxonomy eligible activities 2.2 6.6% 10.5% TAXONOMY-NON-ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES CapEx of Taxonomy eligible activities 30.7 93.4% TOTAL 32.9 100% Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 58 PROPORTION OF OPEX FROM PRODUCTS OR SERVICES ASSOCIATED WITH TAXONOMY-ALIGNED ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Substantial contribution criteria DNSH criteria (Does Not Significantly Harm) Economic activities Code(s) Operating expenditure Share of operating expenditure, 2024 Climate change mitigation Climate change adaptation Water and marine resources Pollution Circular economy Biodiversity and ecosystems Climate change mitigation Climate change adaptation Water and marine resources Pollution Circular economy Biodiversity and ecosystems Minimum safeguards Share of operating expenditure, 2023 Category (enabling activity) Category (transitional activity) MEUR % % % % % % % Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N % E T TAXONOMY-ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES Environmentally sustainable activities (Taxonomy-aligned) OpEx of environmentally sustainable activities (Taxonomy- aligned) - -% -% -% -% -% -% -% Y Y Y Y Y Y Y -% -% -% Taxonomy-eligible but not environmentally sustainable activities (not Taxonomy-aligned activities) Cogeneration of heat/cool and power from bioenergy CCM 4.20. 1.4 10.5% 8.1% Production of heat/cool from bioenergy CCM 4.24. 1.4 10.3% 10.1% Renovation of existing buildings CE 3.2. 0.2 1.3% 1.1% Forest management CCM 1.3. 0.1 0.5% 0.5% Remediation of contaminated sites and areas PPC 2.4. 0.1 0.5% 0.3% Construction, extension and operation of water collection, treatment and supply systems CCM 5.1. - 0.3% -% Manufacture of other low-carbon technologies CCM 3.6. - 0.1% 0.1% Electricity generation using solar photovoltaic technology CCM 4.1. - -% -% OpEx of Taxonomy eligible but not environmentally sustainable activities (not Taxonomy-aligned activities) 3.2 23.5% 20.2% OpEx of Taxonomy eligible activities 3.2 23.5% 20.2% TAXONOMY-NON-ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES OpEx of Taxonomy-non eligible activities 10.4 76.5% TOTAL 13.6 100% Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 59 Additional information about taxonomy ratios Absolute turnover The taxonomy-eligible turnover for the 2024 financial period consisted of invoicing in accordance with customer agreements for products and services deemed taxonomy- eligible described above, making up the numerator item of the financial ratio. The denominator of the ratio is the Group’s total revenue for 2024. For more information, see the financial statements Note 2. Segment information and revenue. Capital expenditure The taxonomy-eligible CapEx capital expenditure (CapEx ratio numerator) consists of capitalised increases in tangible and intangible capital related to activities assessed as taxonomy eligible during the financial period before depreciation, impairment and remeasurement. The denominator part of the ratio includes the corresponding capital expenditure for the financial year in its entirety. During the financial year, Koskisen did not have a formal CapEx plan aimed at aligning its operations with the taxonomy in the future. For more information, see financial statements Notes 12. Property, plant and equipment, 14. Lease agreements and 15. Intangible assets. Operating expenditure The taxonomy eligible proportion of the OpEx operating expenses referred to in the Delegated Act on the reporting format supplementing the EU Taxonomy Regulation has been calculated in terms of the uncapitalised costs essential for the continuity of operations assessed as taxonomy-eligible connected to maintenance and repairs of buildings, machinery and equipment, short-term leasing contracts and research and development expenses. The denominator part of the ratio includes the corresponding capital expenditure referred to in the Taxonomy Regulation for the financial year in its entirety. Koskisen had no direct links to nuclear or fossil gas-based energy production within the meaning of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/1214. ACTIVITIES IN THE FOSSIL GAS AND NUCLEAR ENERGY SECTORS Line Nuclear energy-related activities 1 The undertaking carries out, funds or has exposures to research, development, demonstration and deployment of innovative electricity generation facilities that produce energy from nuclear processes with minimal waste from the fuel cycle. NO 2 The undertaking carries out, funds or has exposures to construction and safe operation of new nuclear installations to produce electricity or process heat, including for the purposes of district heating or industrial processes such as hydrogen production, as well as their safety upgrades, using best available technologies. NO 3 The undertaking carries out, funds or has exposures to safe operation of existing nuclear installations that produce electricity or process heat, including for the purposes of district heating or industrial processes such as hydrogen production from nuclear energy, as well as their safety upgrades. NO Line Fossil gas-related activities 4 The undertaking carries out, funds or has exposures to construction or operation of electricity generation facilities that produce electricity using fossil gaseous fuels. NO 5 The undertaking carries out, funds or has exposures to construction, refurbishment, and operation of combined heat/cool and power generation facilities using fossil gaseous fuels. NO 6 The undertaking carries out, funds or has exposures to construction, refurbishment and operation of heat generation facilities that produce heat/cooling using fossil gaseous fuels. NO Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 60 ESRS E1 Climate change Transition plan for climate change mitigation E1-1 Koskisen has started to prepare a transition plan for climate change mitigation and plans to deploy it by the end of 2025. During the preparation process, Koskisen has discussed the areas required by the transition plan and the related disclosure requirements in detail. The strategy and sustainability programme approved by the company’s Board of Directors in 2024 includes measurable targets for mitigating climate change, but does not yet include target values for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with the Paris Agreement for 2030 and 2050. Material impacts, risks and opportunities and their interaction with the strategy and business model ESRS 2 / SBM-3 Koskisen has carried out a climate change resilience analysis to assess the exposure of business operations and assets to the impacts of climate change. The climate change resilience analysis carried out aims to take into account all relevant functions throughout the value chain and no material physical or transition risks have been excluded. The identification of risks related to climate change began in autumn 2023, and the work on the scenario and resilience analysis continued in autumn 2024. The resilience analysis has been carried out by the Group sustainability team. With regard to the identified physical risks and transition opportunities and risks, activities and assets affected by them have been specified and risk mitigation measures have been described. The transition to a lower-carbon economic system is a macroeconomic megatrend that strongly supports Koskisen’s strategy, as it increases the demand for renewable low- carbon materials in Koskisen’s customer segments. The increase in the production volumes of low-carbon products increases absolute energy consumption, but correspondingly, relative energy efficiency improves, enabled by existing and future technology investments. Most of the energy used by Koskisen is based on the use of renewable wood-based fuel generated as a side stream of its own production. The time horizons used in the resilience and scenario analysis are short term (< 1 year), medium term (1–5 years) and long term (> 5 years). The time horizons are similar to those for the assessment of climate-related physical and transition-related risks, but differ from the target year 2027 of the emission reduction targets set in Koskisen’s sustainability programme. The mitigation measures have been reviewed in relation to the results of the double materiality analysis, but no review of resources has been carried out for individual measures. The resilience analysis does not include any significant uncertainties, and the activities do not include any assets or business activities at risk that would have been specifically taken into account in defining the company’s strategy, investment decisions and current and planned mitigation measures. Koskisen’s business model and strategy are structurally well positioned to adapt to climate change in the short, medium and long term. High adaptability is based on three key factors: an integrated operating model and its continuous development through investments, a renewable main raw material and its sustainable sourcing, and low-carbon end products. Koskisen also has long-term expertise and know-how in its own operations and value chain, which is actively utilised as the operating environment changes. The integrated operating model covers the value chain from forest management to final products. This enables flexible adaptation to changing conditions and efficient use of resources. The renewable main raw material, wood, provides a sustainable basis for business. Koskisen invests in product development and new innovation in the field of low-carbon solutions, actively develops forest management methods and strengthens cooperation with forest owners. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 61 From the point of view of the continuity of operations, it is essential to ensure sustainable wood procurement to secure the supply of raw materials in the future. The most significant uncertainties related to strategy and business adaptation are related to significant changes in the political operating environment and regulation. Description of the processes to identify and assess material climate-related impacts, risks and opportunities ESRS 2 / IRO-1 Climate-related scenario analysis Koskisen carried out an assessment of climate-related threats, risks and opportunities as a scenario analysis in accordance with the TCFD framework in 2023. Key people from the sustainability and communications team and finance, as well as people who have expertise in carbon footprint calculation and resource circulation participated in the implementation of the analysis. The inputs used in the process included the assessment pursuant to the TCFD framework and the company’s assessment of environmental impacts and international definitions of climate work. The scenario analysis covered all of the Group’s operations, short-term, medium-term and long-term reviews, Koskisen’s business and assets, as well as activities throughout the value chain. The time horizon of the scenario analysis extends to 2050. Scenarios used SSP1-2.6: Highly effective measures to limit emissions. Global CO2 emissions should turn to a clear decline already in the 2020s and be even slightly negative by the end of the century. After the middle of the century, the CO2 concentration will peak at around 470 ppm, but then slowly begin to decrease. The IPCC report estimates that by the end of this century, the global average temperature would have increased by 1.8°C (uncertainty range 1.3–2.4°C) compared to the pre-industrial period. SSP2-4.5: Semi-successful climate policy. CO2 emissions will initially increase slightly, but will decline from 2040. By the end of the century, the increase in concentration in the atmosphere will reverse and the concentration will be approximately twice as high as the pre-industrial level. The estimated average global temperature rise at the end of this century will be 2.7°C (2.1–3.5°C). SSP5-8.5: Efforts to limit emissions fail completely. CO2 emissions grow rapidly, more than tripling before the end of the century. The CO2 concentration would then increase and even quadruple compared to the pre-industrial period, and the strong growth would continue from 2100 onwards. The average global temperature rise at the end of this century is 4.4°C (3.3–5.7°C). Physical risks The physical climate-related risks faced by Koskisen are mainly related to the procurement of wood and the availability of wood raw material. These represent a risk to business in the upstream value chain. The impacts of the IPCC’s climate scenario SSP5-8.5 have been taken into account in the assessment process of physical risks related to climate change so that the global temperature rise would be 4.4°C. This high-risk climate scenario is a science-based scenario that is commonly used to assess the physical risks of climate change. All physical risks have been assessed in relation to different scenarios. Climate-related hazards that affect the company’s operations have been identified in accordance with the classification of climate-related hazards in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/2139 and the exposure of various assets and business operations to these hazards has been assessed in the short (< 1 year), medium (1–5 years) or long term (>5 years). Physical risks mainly concern raw material procurement, which affects the entire business. Koskisen’s most significant short-term physical risks are related to sudden weather- related events and their effects on the availability of wood raw material. Acute climate change-related events can reduce the duration of the soil frost period and make harvesting more difficult. This has a direct impact on the availability of wood and increases costs. In addition, extreme weather events such as storms and floods can cause significant disruptions to production volumes. Risks related to power outages are also acute and can lead to production stops and reduced production volumes, which has a direct impact on the business. In the medium term, the chronic physical changes caused by climate change are emphasised. High temperatures and drought cause slow growth and forest damage, which affects the availability and quality of wood. These factors increase the price of wood raw material and reduce profitability. In addition, the loss of biodiversity Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 62 accelerated by climate change affects the natural ability of forests to fight diseases and pests, which can lead to a reduction in the amount of wood. In the long term, extreme weather events such as storms, cyclones and floods, which affect the availability and price of wood raw material, emerge as the most significant risk. These events can have a significant impact on costs and profitability over the longer term. Transition risks and opportunities Koskisen has not identified any assets or businesses that would not be aligned with the carbon neutrality target in the light of the transition events. The process of assessing transition risks and opportunities related to climate change takes into account the impacts of the IPCC climate scenario SSP1-2.6 so that the global temperature rise would be 1.8°C. This scenario is based on the assumption of successful climate action and constitutes the lowest temperature rise scenario of the IPCC climate scenarios. Transition risks have been identified in the short (<1 year), medium (1–5 years) or long term (>5 years) and their effects on Koskisen’s business and assets have been assessed. Risks related to transition events In the short term, immediate cost effects are particularly emphasised. Rising prices of fossil fuels and energy, as well as taxes and fees related to these, directly increase operational costs. The high price of biofuels also affects operational costs. At the same time, the company faces challenges related to financing, as the availability of financing can decline and its price increase. In the medium term, the changes required for adaptation are emphasised. The transition to renewable energy requires significant investments, especially in transport and harvesting equipment. Regulatory changes at EU and national level in the transition to a fossil-free society affect the requirements for the use of chemicals in production and increase costs. At the same time, climate change mitigation and the protection of biodiversity are becoming increasingly important themes in forest management, which can affect the willingness of forest owners to sell timber and thus weaken the availability of raw materials. Long-term risks are related to fundamental changes in the operating environment. EU and national policy changes can significantly limit the supply of wood and lead to a decrease in production volumes. Tighter regulation of carbon dioxide emissions will increase costs throughout the value chain. The rapid development of technology creates uncertainty in investment decisions, as there is a risk of committing to technology that does not prove optimum in the long term. Transition risks and opportunities Koskisen has not identified any assets or businesses that would not be aligned with the carbon neutrality target in the light of the transition events. The process of assessing transition risks and opportunities related to climate change takes into account the impacts of the IPCC climate scenario SSP1-2.6 so that the global temperature rise would be 1.8°C. This scenario is based on the assumption of successful climate action and constitutes the lowest temperature rise scenario of the IPCC climate scenarios. Transition risks have been identified in the short (<1 year), medium (1–5 years) or long term (>5 years) and their effects on Koskisen’s business and assets have been assessed. Risks related to transition events In the short term, immediate cost effects are particularly emphasised. Rising prices of fossil fuels and energy, as well as taxes and fees related to these, directly increase operational costs. The high price of biofuels also affects operational costs. At the same time, the company faces challenges related to financing, as the availability of financing can decline and its price increase. In the medium term, the changes required for adaptation are emphasised. The transition to renewable energy requires significant investments, especially in transport and harvesting equipment. Regulatory changes at EU and national level in the transition to a fossil-free society affect the requirements for the use of chemicals in production and increase costs. At the same time, climate change mitigation and the protection of biodiversity are becoming increasingly important themes in forest management, which can affect the willingness of forest owners to sell timber and thus weaken the availability of raw materials. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 63 Long-term risks are related to fundamental changes in the operating environment. EU and national policy changes can significantly limit the supply of wood and lead to a decrease in production volumes. Tighter regulation of carbon dioxide emissions will increase costs throughout the value chain. The rapid development of technology creates uncertainty in investment decisions, as there is a risk of committing to technology that does not prove optimum in the long term. Opportunities related to transition events In our own operations, improving resource efficiency offers significant opportunities in the short and medium term. The growing demand for industrial by-products and energy wood enables new business models. Utilising the sawmill’s own drying capacities provides cost and material efficiency benefits. Opportunities related to improving energy efficiency and in-house energy production, albeit with a more moderate financial impact, support the development of operations. In the medium and long term, climate change mitigation can increase harvest volumes and facilitate production and revenue growth. The change in the growing season caused by global warming increases the growth rate of trees and opens up new opportunities for cultivating various tree species. The most significant opportunities in the downstream value chain are the increased use of wood products in construction and as a carbon sink in the medium and long term. Wood products significantly store carbon and their carbon emissions in relation to the volume of the material are low compared to mineral and steel-based building materials. The development of new innovative products helps reduce the carbon footprint and offers significant growth opportunities. As a whole, Koskisen’s opportunities related to transition events particularly focus on the development of products and services as well as improving resource efficiency. Changes brought about by climate change can also open up new opportunities, even if they involve uncertainties. The strengthening of the role of wood products in low- carbon construction is particularly promising. The climate scenarios used are consistent with the critical climate-related assumptions presented in the financial statements. Policies related to climate change mitigation and adaptation E1-2 Koskisen’s policies and environmental principles, which apply to Koskisen’s operations and geographical locations as a whole, define the company’s commitment to the goals and actions that are used in its operations and value chain to mitigate climate change, promote adaptation to climate change and increase the use of renewable energy in relation to the material impacts, risks and opportunities identified in the double materiality process. In accordance with its operating policy, Koskisen is committed to continuously reducing the impact of its operations, value chain and products on climate, soil, water and ecosystems throughout their life cycle from the point of view of climate change mitigation. Koskisen develops products and production processes that take these principles into account throughout the value chain and product life cycle. The climate and environmental impacts of wood products and our own operations as well as carbon sequestration capacity are well known. From the perspective of climate change adaptation, the environmental principles emphasise goals and measures that focus on reducing physical acute and chronic risks in the upstream value chain. Commitment to the procurement of certified wood raw material, ensuring biodiversity in forest management and providing advice and training to forest owners and logging companies promote the resilience of forest nature to extreme weather events and, as climate change progresses, increasing drought, heat and the resulting loss of biodiversity. Koskisen does not tolerate deforestation in its supply chain. From the perspective of renewable energy and energy efficiency, Koskisen is committed to promoting the abandonment of fossil energy sources and raw materials and implementing energy efficiency and energy saving measures in its own production plants. Biofuels are produced from felling waste and by-products of wood processing and used as fuel for Koskisen’s plants and nearby district heating plants. Koskisen promotes a material-efficient circular economy in which wood raw material is used down to the last particle of sawdust. Both the operating policy and environmental principles have been approved by the company’s Board of Directors. The executives of the Group and the business units Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 64 belonging to the company’s Executive Board are responsible for their implementation and reporting to the Board of Directors. Stakeholder perspectives have been taken into account in the preparation of the principles as part of the double materiality analysis, on the basis of which the update work has been carried out. The environmental principles are available to stakeholders on the company’s website at Policies and principles – Koskisen. Actions and resources in relation to climate change policies E1-3 Koskisen’s key actions to mitigate climate change in the reporting year 2024 focused on energy efficiency and the modernisation of production in Koskisen’s own operations at the Järvelä locations. An electricity contract based on nuclear electricity is a significant step towards emission-free energy production, as nuclear electricity does not generate direct greenhouse gas emissions. The partial renewal of electricity metering and the analysis system enables more accurate monitoring and optimisation of energy consumption, which helps identify savings targets and reduce unnecessary energy use. The deployment of a spindleless peeling line and the modernisation of the veneer dryer at the plywood plant improves the energy efficiency of production processes. The measures have not required significant operating expenses (OpEx) and/or capital expenditures (CapEx). The company has not had an estimate of the expected emission reductions. The ability to implement measures does not depend on the availability of resources. The achieved emission reductions are described in the table in section E1-4 Targets related to climate change mitigation and adaptation. Key actions Implementation schedule Decarbonisation lever Nuclear energy-based electricity contract Implemented in the reporting year 2024 Other Renewal of electricity measurement and analysis system Implemented in the reporting year 2024 Energy efficiency Spindleless peeling line Implemented in the reporting year 2024 Material efficiency Veneer dryer modernisation Implemented in the reporting year 2024 Energy and material efficiency At the end of the reporting period, Koskisen was planning future actions related to climate change mitigation and adaptation. The action plan will be completed during 2025, in connection with which the dependency of the measures on the availability and allocation of financial resources will also be assessed and the availability of sufficient resources for implementation will be ensured. Capital and operating expenditure allocated to the actions are presented in the notes to the financial statements, key performance indicators, the Capex plan and taxonomy reporting. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 65 Targets related to climate change mitigation and adaptation E1-4 Koskisen set targets related to climate change mitigation, energy efficiency and renewable energy in its sustainability programme published in 2024. The targets of Koskisen’s sustainability programme are described in the table below. The targets of the sustainability programme correspond to the objectives of the Code of Conduct. The emission reduction targets have been set to follow and aim towards the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, in alignment with the Paris Agreement and reflecting the scientific recommendations of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The goals and objectives of Koskisen’s sustainability programme are based on the double materiality analysis carried out by the company, in which its stakeholders were involved. No stakeholders were involved in setting separate climate-related targets. The targets were set only during the reporting year, and the values of the performance indicators reflecting their achievement will be reported from the reporting year 2024 onwards. Targets Target for 2027 Base year 2022 Actual 2024 Location and geographical boundary Reduction of energy consumption, and energy efficiency -5% MWh/m3 compared to base year 2022 0.6 MWh/m3 0.54 MWh/m3 Own operations in all geographical locations Reduction of energy consumption, and energy efficiency -5% MWh/EUR million compared to base year 2022 1,143 MWh/EUR million 1,093 MWh/EUR million Own operations in all geographical locations Increased use of renewable energy 99% 96% 97% Own operations in all geographical locations Reducing emissions from own operations -50% tC02eq compared to base year 2022 Location- and market-based 2022: 180,810 tCO2eq 190,813 tCO2eq Location- and market-based 2024: 171,838 tCO2eq 167,185 tCO2eq Own operations in all geographical locations Reduction of value chain emissions -20 tC02eq compared to base year 2022 168,560 tCO2eq 160,990 tCO2eq Upstream and downstream value chain Increasing the carbon handprint +30% compared to base year 2022 310,754 272,376 Own operations and downstream value chain Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 66 The emission targets set are consistent with the Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions categories of the GHG Protocol used in Koskisen’s greenhouse gas emissions reporting. Scope 1 and 2 are included in the common target and have not been separated in the target setting. All emission categories are included in the targets and the categories are presented in section E1-6. The base year is 2022. The figures for 2022 have not been validated in accordance with the sustainability statement. The base year for all targets is 2022. When setting the basic values, it has been ensured that they do not include deviations due to exceptional weather conditions, production volumes or energy procurement, for example. Koskisen’s greenhouse gas emission reduction targets do not yet include an approved roadmap for the long-term targets for 2030 and 2050, which is why they cannot yet be considered compatible with the 1.5 degrees Celsius target or based on climate science. The objectives take into account the assumptions presented in Koskisen’s strategy regarding the development of the operating environment and Koskisen’s business. Koskisen expects sustainability, urbanisation and the development of trade and transport to support the growth of demand for sustainable wood-based materials and products. Koskisen also assumes that it will be able to further improve the energy and material efficiency of its operations by developing synergistic business operations, the circular economy and the integrated operating model. Koskisen’s goal of creating new innovative lower-carbon, energy- and material-efficient wood-based products has also been taken into account. These factors are assessed to separately and together support the achievement of the emission reduction targets. The actual roadmap and calculations for the emissions development pathway have not yet been prepared, even though the work has started. The decarbonisation levers and their quantification are a key part of Koskisen’s future transition plan for climate change mitigation. Its preparation has begun and the company plans to implement it by the end of 2025. Koskisen’s goal is to present the specified decarbonisation levers and the estimated impacts in the 2025 sustainability report. Koskisen will describe the climate scenarios used and the conclusions made about the operating environment in the same context. Energy consumption and mix E1-5 Energy consumption includes direct and indirect energy consumption at Koskisen’s locations. The reported data is derived from measurements based on data and invoices provided by external suppliers. The quantity of oil used is measured in litres or weight and converted into energy quantities by means of factors. For other fuels, average values are used, converted using specified factors into amounts of energy, which expresses the amount of energy as energy content. The amount of energy produced after the efficiency of the power plants is based on invoices in euros. For power plants operating in connection with Koskisen’s Järvelä operations, measurements are carried out on site, and their conversion factors have been determined by external research institutes based on fuel samples. For wood-based fuels in power plants, dry heat powers have also been specified, used to obtain the calculated amount of energy. Energy consumption and mix 2024 Fuel consumption from coal and coal products (MWh) - Fuel consumption from crude oil and petroleum products (MWh) 8,760 Fuel consumption from natural gas (MWh) 121 Fuel consumption from other fossil sources (MWh) - Consumption of purchased or acquired electricity, heat, steam, and cooling from fossil sources (MWh) - Total fossil energy consumption (MWh) 8,881 Share of fossil sources in total energy consumption (%) 3% Consumption from nuclear sources (MWh) 66,586 Share of consumption from nuclear sources in total energy consumption (%) 22% Fuel consumption for renewable sources (MWh) 230,288 Consumption of purchased or acquired electricity, heat, steam, and cooling from renewable sources (MWh) 811 The consumption of self-generated non-fuel renewable energy (MWh) 1,865 Total renewable energy consumption (MWh) 232,964 Share of renewable sources in total energy consumption (%) 76% Total energy consumption (MWh) 308,431 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 67 Energy generation 2024 Non-renewable energy generation (MWh) 6,327 Electricity generation from non-renewable sources (MWh) - Heat generation from non-renewable sources (MWh) 6,327 Renewable energy generation (MWh) 233,291 Electricity generation from renewable sources (MWh) 2,912 Heat generation from renewable sources (MWh) 230,379 Share of biofuels in heat generation (%) 97% Energy intensity per net revenue 2024 Total energy consumption from activities in high climate impact sectors per net revenue from activities in high climate impact sectors (MWh/EUR million) 1,093 Energy intensity per production volume 2024 Energy intensity per production volume 54% Koskisen’s activities are included in NACE main categories (Rev 1.1) A 020 Forestry, logging and related service activities, DD 2010 Sawmilling and planing of wood; impregnation of wood, DD 2021 Manufacture of veneer sheets; manufacture of plywood, laminboard, particle board, fibre board and other panels and boards and DM 3430 Manufacture of parts and accessories for motor vehicles and their engines, all of which are included in high climate impact sectors. Reconciliation of energy intensity 2024 Net revenue from activities in high climate impact sectors 282,262,482.57 Revenue in the comprehensive income statement of Koskisen’s consolidated financial statements (IFRS) 282,262,482.57 Gross Scopes 1, 2, 3 and Total GHG emissions E1-6 The carbon footprint assessment calculates the product’s potential impact on global warming as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2 eq). The carbon footprint calculation follows the GHG Protocol. The purpose of the calculation is to determine the entire Group’s carbon footprint as a means of communication and reporting to stakeholders. Stakeholders to whom the carbon footprint is to be communicated include customers, forest owners, employees, financing providers and authorities. The calculation is carried out annually according to the same principles so that it can be reliably used to monitor the development of the carbon footprint and determining targets. The Group’s carbon footprint covers the Group’s operations over one year. The carbon footprint is reported per revenue in EUR million and the volume unit m3, which is the storage unit commonly used in the Group for all product groups. The calculation includes Scopes 1 and 2 and Scope 3, as applicable, for all Group activities. The Scope 3 categories excluded from the calculation are described later in the report. The calculation follows a scientific approach and uses the most accurate information available. If estimates, averages, assumptions or other choices have to be used in the calculation instead of scientific information, they are described in connection with the calculation and in the statement report. Information describing the Group’s operations as closely as possible is used as inputs. The inputs are mainly non-location-specific primary data. Emission factors are mainly scientifically justified secondary data, the sources of which are described in connection with the calculation. The emission factors used are the factors found in the OneClickLCA system’s databases, from which the most illustrative option is selected. The carbon footprint calculation is not geographically limited, as the majority of products end up in exports to different continents and their impacts throughout their entire life cycle are taken into account. The calculation is carried out using the OneClickLCA system. As far as possible, the data collected for the other information requirements of the ESRS standards is used in the data collection. All assumptions used in the calculation are clearly stated. The assumptions and selections related to the calculation details are described below in the report. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 68 General assumptions as the basis for calculation: • By default, wood raw material produces no carbon dioxide emissions over the product’s service life. • In the end-of-life phase, the products are disposed of by incineration, which generates emissions from the adhesives and coatings contained in panel products. The emissions from the incineration of wood material are zero, assuming that the forest is regenerated. The calculation uses an allocation procedure to avoid double calculation between different product groups. With regard to products moving within the Group, emissions are allocated to the final product sold to an external customer. This applies, for example, to the use of wood chips from sawn timber production as raw material for chipboard and the use of logs purchased from timber procurement as raw material for sawn timber. The main applications of the Sawn Timber Industry and Panel Industry segments are expected to be long-lasting wooden structures that last for more than ten years, so the products bind organic carbon during their service life, creating a carbon handprint. The carbon handprint is reported separately and is not added to the carbon footprint. The Panel Industry segment’s plywood and chipboard products are used in construction, transportation, stamping, interior design and furniture, carpentry, walls and floors. Kore products are transport flooring solutions for the automotive industry. Sawn Timber Industry’s products are used in construction (floors, walls, structural sawn timber), carpentry, packaging and timber trade. The service life of by-products, wood procurement and products of the thin plywood industry is assumed to be less than ten years, and the impact of carbon sequestration is not calculated for them. Outbound by-products go to pulp mills for pulp production and energy use. Outbound logs go to the sawmill and plywood industry, fibre to the pulp industry and energy wood and chips for energy production. The applications of veneers and thin plywood in the plywood industry include aircrafts, design products, laser cutting and CNC machining, interior design elements, technical structural panels and musical instruments. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 69 Retrospective Milestones and target years Base year 2023 2024 % 2024/ 2023 2025 2030 (2050) Annual % target/base year Scope 1 GHG emissions 2022 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Gross scope 1 GHG emissions (tCO2eq) 7,576 N/A 6,195 N/A Percentage of scope 1 GHG emissions from regulated emission trading schemes (tCO2eq) N/A N/A 27% N/A Scope 2 GHG emissions 2022 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Gross location-based scope 2 GHG emissions (tCO2eq.) 4,674 N/A 4,653 N/A Gross market-based scope 2 GHG emissions (tCO2eq) 14,676 N/A - N/A Significant scope 3 GHG emissions 2022 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Total Gross indirect (scope 3) GHG emissions (tCO2eq) 168,560 N/A 160,990 N/A 1 Purchased goods and services 96,005 N/A 78,961 N/A 2 Capital goods 9,942 N/A 15,962 N/A 3 Fuel and energy-related activities (not included in scope 1 or scope 2) 11,977 N/A 16,569 N/A 4 Upstream transportation and distribution 3,586 N/A 3,810 N/A 5 Waste generated in operations 990 N/A 871 N/A 6 Business travelling 228 N/A 180 N/A 7 Employee commuting 974 N/A 819 N/A 9 Downstream transportation 38,723 N/A 38,165 N/A 12 End-of-life treatment of sold products 6,137 N/A 5,653 N/A Total GHG emissions Total GHG emissions (location-based) (tCO2eq) 180,810 N/A 171,838 N/A Total GHG emissions (market-based) (tCO2eq) 190,813 N/A 167,185 N/A *Comparison data is not provided on the basis of the transitional provision. The current targets have been set for 2027 and have been previously reported under the heading E1-4. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 70 Scope 1 and 2 CO2 emissions 2024 Gross Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions (location-based) (tCO2eq) 10,848 Location-based Scope 1 and 2 CO2 emissions per net revenue 38 Gross Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions (market-based) (tCO2eq) 6,195 Market-based Scope 1 and 2 CO2 emissions per net revenue 22 Biogenic emissions of CO2 2024 Biogenic emissions of CO2 separate from scope 1 emissions (tCO2eq) 86,819 Biogenic emissions of CO2 separate from scope 2 emissions (tCO2eq) - Biogenic emissions of CO2 separate from scope 3 emissions (tCO2eq) 827,419 Share of primary data of Scope 3 GHG emissions 2024 Share of primary data in GHG Scope 3 calculation (tCO2eq) 88,498 Share of primary data of Scope 3 GHG emissions 55% GHG intensity per net revenue 2024 Total GHG emissions (location-based) per net revenue (tCO2eq/EUR million) 609 Total GHG emissions (market-based) per net revenue (tCO2eq/EUR million) 592 The revenue used in the calculation of greenhouse gas intensity corresponds to the Group’s consolidated revenue, which can be found under ’Consolidated financial statements (IFRS), consolidated statement of comprehensive income. Accounting principles GHG emissions have been calculated in accordance with the GHG Protocol. The calculation system used is OneClickLCA, which provides access to the EPD database and Ecoinvent’s emission factors. The biogenic emissions from the end-of-life treatment of sold products only include carbon dioxide emissions, but for the fuels used in Scope 1, the calculation also takes other gases into account. Scope 1 GHG emissions include all direct emissions from Koskisen Group’s own plants and sites. The calculation has been made using the OneClick LCA GHG Reporting tool. The calculation covers the operating countries (Finland, Poland). Fuel consumption is obtained from purchase invoices. Own electricity production is read from electricity reports. The emission factors are selected from the OneClick LCA software to best cover the activity and geographical region. Scope 2 GHG emissions cover both of the Group’s operating countries, Finland and Poland. In Finland, electricity consumption data is collected from the EnerKey portal, and in Poland, the data is based on purchase invoices. The location-based calculation uses the average emission factors of electricity production in Finland and Poland. The market-based calculation uses the emission factors of nuclear energy in Finland and the emission factors of renewable electricity in Poland. Since no separate data in which the direct emissions from nuclear energy were defined as zero was available in the calculation software used, the emission factor for renewable electricity was applied for nuclear energy. In addition, the Finnish renewable electricity emission factor was used for Poland, as no separate country-specific renewable electricity factor was available for Poland. Scope 3 emissions are reported on the basis of the GHG Protocol, in which they are divided into 15 categories (C1–C15): C1 (Purchased goods and services) The calculation uses the average-data method, in which emissions are estimated by collecting information on the mass or other relevant unit and multiplying it by the average emission factor applicable to the activity in question. The calculation covers the company’s two operating countries, Finland and Poland. The emissions of purchased services have been estimated using monetary data and euro-based emission factors. The emission factor used was always the value that best described the activity in question and was available in the OneClick LCA database. The calculation assumptions were that raw materials, packaging materials and other materials used at the plants account for the most significant part of emissions. No direct emission factors were found for impregnated adhesive papers, so the emission factors of paper and resin were combined as their emissions. C2 (Property, plant and equipment) The calculation uses the average-data method, in which emissions are estimated by collecting information on the mass or other relevant unit and multiplying it by the average emission factor applicable to the activity in question. The calculation covers the Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 71 company’s two operating countries, Finland and Poland. The emissions of purchased services have been estimated using monetary data and euro-based emission factors. The emission factor used was always the value that best described the activity in question and was available in the OneClick LCA database. The calculation assumptions were that raw materials, packaging materials and other materials used at the plants account for the most significant part of emissions. No direct emission factors were found for impregnated adhesive papers, so the emission factors of paper and resin were combined as their emissions. C3 (Fuel and energy-related activities) In the calculation, scope 1 and 2 emissions have been estimated by multiplying them by upstream emission factors (stages A1–A3). The calculation covers both operating countries, Finland and Poland. The assumption is that the transmission loss of electricity in Finland is less than 2% on average (Fingrid, 2023), and accordingly, a transmission loss of 2% has been applied in the calculations. In addition, upstream emissions of wood-based biofuels (e.g. by-products) are included in the emissions of logs included in raw materials. C4 (Upstream transportation and distribution) The calculation uses the average-data method, in which emissions are estimated based on fuel consumption or kilometres driven and multiplying them by the suitable emission factor. The calculation covers both operating countries, Finland and Poland. The assumption is that the harvesting and transportation of wood raw material are included in category 1, i.e. they are included as part of the emissions of purchased goods and services. C5 (Waste generated in operations) The calculation uses the average-data method, in which emissions are estimated based on the mass data of waste volumes by multiplying it by the average emission factor applicable to the waste type in question. The calculation covers the Group’s operations in Finland and Poland. The average emission factors for mixed waste and hazardous waste have been used as a default, and recycled waste has not been reported separately. C6 (Business travel) In the calculation, travel by car is based on the stated kilometre allowances. The GHG emissions of flights have been obtained directly from the travel agency, and they have been calculated using the DEFRA method. Emissions from travel by ship, bus, taxi, metro, air, train and boat have been estimated based on the average travel distances of each mode of transport group. The following average distances have been used as a default for different modes of transport (excluding flights): ship 87 km, taxi 10 km, bus 20 km and metro 10 km. C7 (Employee commuting) Employee commuting includes travel between home and work. The average distance has been calculated based on the municipalities from which the employees come and how far these locations are on average from the plant sites. The calculation covers the Group’s operations in Finland and Poland. The assumption is that all employees travel to work by a petrol-powered car, as no more detailed statistics on modes of transport are available. C9 (Downstream transportation and distribution) The calculation uses the average-data method, in which emissions are estimated on the basis of the distances transported by multiplying them by the emission factor corresponding to the mode of transport. The calculation covers the Group’s operations in Finland and Poland. The distances to different countries have been roughly estimated and are based on estimates of average transport distances between the destination countries. C12 (End-of-life treatment of sold products) The calculation method used was the mass of sold products multiplied by the average end-of-life emission factor of wood waste. The calculation covers the Group’s operations in Finland and Poland. The calculation of biogenic emissions was based on the following assumptions: the dry matter content of wood is 80%, the proportion of carbon in the dry matter is 50% and the conversion factor of carbon to carbon dioxide is 44/12, i.e. 3.667 (molar mass ratio). The calculation was done manually because there were no applicable emission factors available in the OneClick LCA tool. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 72 Koskisen has concluded an entirely nuclear power-based electricity contract with Vattenfall to cover all operations in Finland. In Poland, the electricity contract is based on 100% renewable energy. The table below broken down by Scope 3 categories shows which categories have been included in the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions and which have been excluded as irrelevant for the Group’s operations. The impacts of categories 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14 are minor and not included in the emission figures. Upstream Scope 3 emissions Category 1: Purchased goods and services included Category 2: Capital goods included Category 3: Fuel- and energy-related activities included Category 4: Upstream transportation and distribution included Category 5: Waste generated in operations included Category 6: Business travelling included Category 7: Employee commuting included Category 8: Upstream leased assets n/a Other n/a Downstream Scope 3 emissions Category 9: Downstream transportation and distribution included Category 10: Processing of sold products n/a Category 11: Use of sold products n/a Category 12: End-of-life treatment of sold products included Category 13: Downstream leased assets n/a Category 14: Franchises n/a Category 15: Investments n/a Other n/a GHG removals and GHG mitigation projects financed through carbon credits E1-7 Greenhouse gas removals include the sequestration of biogenic carbon in Koskisen’s wood products. The method of calculating carbon sequestration is based on product- specific EPD calculations verified by an external party, and calculation pursuant to the GHG Protocol, which Koskisen has commissioned from an external service provider and is described in section E1-6 Gross and Total Scope 1, Scope 2 and Scope 3 GHG emissions. Koskisen manufactures long-lasting wood products that bind biogenic carbon for decades. When growing, wood naturally absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, which is retained in the wood until the wood product is ultimately disposed of by incineration or composting. Koskisen sells its products to the construction industry, among others, where wood products generally last for decades. There are no policies for managing the risk of non-permanence. The amount of carbon dioxide stored in wood products is calculated by multiplying the sales volumes by negative biogenic carbon dioxide emissions according to the environmental product declarations (EPDs). The calculation takes into account products for which an environmental product declaration exists and which can be assumed to have a life cycle of more than 10 years. GHG capture 2024 Carbon dioxide stored in long-lived products (tCO2eq) 272,376 Internal carbon pricing E1-8 Koskisen has not implemented an internal carbon pricing system. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 73 ESRS E4 Biodiversity and ecosystems Material impacts, risks and opportunities and their interaction with strategy and business model ESRS 2 / SBM 3 Koskisen’s material impacts, risks, and opportunities related to biodiversity and ecosystems are located in the forest management part of the value chain. The location includes Koskisen’s wood procurement area and the sites which the company owns or has felling rights to. In factory operations regulated by local environmental legislation, the sites are not associated with material impacts, risks or opportunities related to sustainability. The forestry operations related to Koskisen’s value chain in the aforementioned locations may have a negative impact on biodiversity-sensitive areas. Koskisen mainly procures wood from Central, Eastern, and Southern Finland, primarily from private landowners and to a small extent from the company’s own forest properties. Koskisen has harvesting rights on the properties of private landowners, which means that Koskisen is responsible for operations on behalf of the landowner. The ecological state of the forest ecosystems at the locations corresponds to the basic level of Finnish forest nature. There may be biodiversity-sensitive areas at individual sites or near them. The location and other relevant information of biodiversity-sensitive areas to be considered in forestry operations are based on official data and are managed in the forest information system, where there is information about individual sites. This information can also be obtained through official notifications based on the statutory forest use declaration. Some sites may also be encountered in the field, as not all sites have preexisting information available. In Koskisen’s wood procurement areas, the aforementioned sensitive areas are presented in Table E4-5 under the section ’Impact metrics related to biodiversity and ecosystems change’ in the subsection ’Sites near protected areas (pcs and ha)’. The company has identified that its upstream activities may cause material negative impacts related to land degradation. No negative effects have been found on soil sealing or desertification. Forestry operations may affect threatened species in the forest environment. Description of processes to identify and assess material biodiversity and ecosystem-related impacts, risks and opportunities ESRS 2 / IRO 1 Koskisen has assessed the actual impacts and risks related to biodiversity and ecosystems throughout its value chain, including its own sites. Negative impacts and risks have been identified at the upstream value chain, in Koskisen's and private landowner's forests where the raw material is purchased. The process for identifying and assessing material impacts, risks and opportunities is described in the general disclosures of the sustainability report in IRO-1 Description of the processes to identify and assess material impacts, risks and opportunities. The material impacts are concentrated at the upstream value chain. Koskisen’s operations at the upstream value chain are intrinsically linked to harvesting and forest management. These measures cause changes in land cover (the state of trees and other vegetation and water bodies) and weaken the interconnectedness of species and natural values, which have a wide-ranging impact on the ability of land and water areas to maintain biodiversity. The effects are visible in different ways depending on the time span examined. Physical and transition risks have been identified in accordance with the double materiality assessment described in the resilience analysis prepared by the company, which is outlined in section E4-1. The process of identifying and assessing material impacts, risks, and opportunities has taken into account stakeholders affected by these impacts through interviews with a selected group. Targeted consultations with communities affected by impacts related to biodiversity and ecosystems have not been arranged. Individual sites within Koskisen’s wood procurement areas, or in their vicinity, may contain biodiversity-sensitive areas. Finnish legislation identifies habitats and protected Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 74 areas that are sensitive to forestry, but where forestry operations may be carried out in close proximity. Operations taken near water bodies also have potential impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Operating in the vicinity of these sites is regulated by law, and requirements for operations at these site are set by certification schemes. Koskisen operates in the vicinity of these areas in accordance with laws, forest certification requirements and national forest management recommendations. Actions to protect biodiversity will be implemented to prevent or mitigate the effects of the operations, taking into account the requirements set by the EU Birds and Habitats Directives. A key method for this is operating in compliance with the national Natura 2000 network. Sites located in biodiversity sensitive areas 2024 Sites near protected areas (pcs) 200 Sites near protected areas (ha) 705 Koskisen has operated in the vicinity of these areas in accordance with laws and requirements, and no mitigation actions have been necessaryn during 2024. Description of processes to identify and assess material biodiversity and ecosystem-related impacts, risks and opportunities E4-1 The resilience of Koskisen’s business model and strategy in relation to biodiversity and ecosystems has been assessed in terms of physical, transition and systemic risks. Although the business model and strategy show resilience, the assessment involves significant risks. The key risks are related to the availability of raw materials, the effects of climate change and other value chain impacts. The analysis covers the upstream value chain, especially from the perspective of raw material procurement. Downstream value chain has not been examined at the moment. The review focused on physical and transition risks. Key assumptions used in the analysis: • Regulation of biodiversity issues will become stricter, particularly regarding the expansion of protected areas and restrictions on the use of raw materials. The impacts of the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 are estimated to increase costs and require new operating models in the value chain. • The negative impacts of climate change on forests will increase. Droughts and extreme weather events are becoming more common. This is expected to weaken the availability of raw materials and increase price volatility. The resource capacity of forests is weakening. • Koskisen's operations have most impact in areas that are most biodiversity-sensitive. The estimate is based on a review of critical production areas. No significant impact assessment has been carried out for the global value chain. • Various measures to support biodiversity help mitigate risks, but their scalability is slow and therefore the effects will be visible in the medium to long term. • Negative climate and biodiversity impacts will occur moderately, increasing over the next 10–20 years. • The analysis of Koskisen’s operational impacts focuses on the wood procurement area located in Finland. The analysis covered a short-, medium- and long-term review. Results of the analysis The resilience analysis identified the following risks: • Availability of raw materials: the greatest risk of the strategy is seen as the decline of biodiversity, which has a direct impact on the availability of raw materials. In particular, the loss of forest biodiversity and soil degradation are critical factors that can weaken the raw material supply chain. • Impacts of climate change: The degradation of ecosystems, including the reduction of forest carbon sinks and the increase in extreme weather events, increases both operating costs and difficulties in accessing raw materials. Drought and moisture conditions affect forest areas, which increases the risk level in all operating areas. • Impact on the value chain: The risk assessment includes consideration of long-term issues, such as supply chain disruptions caused by biodiversity loss, which can increase costs and complicate operational planning. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 75 Short-term risks highlight fluctuations in raw material prices, which may be caused by, for example, increased unpredictability of weather phenomena. In addition, in the short term, potential regulatory changes, such as immediate additional restrictions on the use of natural resources, may be significant. In the medium term (5–10 years), the impacts of implementing biodiversity strategies are highlighted, including stricter regulation and the related increases in operating costs. The effects of climate change on ecosystems, such as an increase in droughts, may become evident during this period. In the long term (>10 years), systemic risks are emphasised. These include, for example, a more permanent deterioration in the state of forests and more serious disruptions to ecosystem services, which may threaten the availability of raw materials and the continuity of operations. Long-term scenarios require a new balance with biodiversity targets and the introduction of new solutions. However, the impacts of long-term systemic risks have not been modelled, even though the possible permanent deterioration of forests and ecosystems has been highlighted. Resilience against transition risks is implemented through upstream management of the value chain. The company’s strategy supports, for example, the objectives of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity and the EU Biodiversity Strategy through certification-required, biodiversity-supporting actions, but the adequacy of the measures does not fully meet the sustainability target levels. Increasing resilience against physical risks is still in its early stages, particularly when considering the long- term impacts of climate change on ecosystems. With regard to systemic risks, the analysis only covers the upstream value chain. Koskisen does not operate in areas inhabited by indigenous peoples. Other stakeholder engagement takes place mainly within the framework of Koskisen’s normal stakeholder interaction, which is described in section SBM-2 Interests and views of stakeholders. Policies related to biodiversity and ecosystems E4-2 In its environmental policy, Koskisen is committed to continuously reducing the impact caused by its operations, entire value chain and the entire life cycle of its products on the soil, waters, climate and ecosystems by developing products and production processes that take these principles into account throughout the value chain and product life cycle. Regarding the impacts of the decline in biodiversity, the company is committed to maintaining biodiversity in the forests it owns. Koskisen advises and trains forest owners on actions that support and promote biodiversity in forest management and harvesting operations. Additionally, Koskisen is committed to the industry association environmental programme and monitors the effectiveness of its actions using metrics. In accordance with Koskisen’s operational policy, the origin of the wood, and its relationship with biodiversity-sensitive areas, is known in all situations. All available information and suppliers’ self-declarations are used to verify the origin of the wood. Harvesting utilises a forest information system and digital maps enabling the traceability of the wood supply chain from the stump to the factory. A separate declaration has been issued on the origin of the wood and the implementation of the procurement of the wood. The operational policy and environmental principles apply to all of Koskisen’s operations, without exception. The policies and principles have been approved by the Board of Directors. The executives of the Group and the business units, who are members of the company’s Executive Board, are responsible for implementing the policy and reporting on operations to the Board of Directors. Stakeholder perspectives were taken into account in the preparation as part of the double materiality analysis. The Environmental Principles are available to stakeholders on the company’s website. The origin of wood management system complies with the current EUTR, EUDR, PEFC ST2002:2020 and FSC requirements so that all wood material used and sold is at a minimum, included within the scope of the control system. Forest owners are be offered the opportunity to commit to PEFC certification in connection with wood sale. The principles related to biodiversity and ecosystems in the operational policy and environmental principles have been developed based on the results of sustainability impact, risk, and opportunity assessments. The assessment takes into account how the company contributes to the following direct impacts that cause biodiversity loss: climate change, land use changes, changes in freshwater and marine use, direct exploitation, invasive alien species, pollution and other factors. The assessment has Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 76 taken into account the impacts on the status of species, the extent and condition of ecosystems (including land degradation, desertification and soil sealing); ecosystem services and dependencies on them. Material factors are considered as part of the policies and principles. The principles take into account the material impacts related to biodiversity and ecosystems. The principles also consider the essential dependencies, as well as the significant physical and transition risks and opportunities. Koskisen has a chain of custody system (PEFC, FSC) that enables the traceability of wood in all procurements. The origin of the raw material is always verified so that the forests in protected areas are safeguarded and the wood is not sourced from controversial or illegal sources. Koskisen is committed to the forest environment programme of the industry association and monitors the effectiveness of the actions with the help of metrics. Koskisen’s material sustainability impacts related to biodiversity and ecosystems do not include social sustainability topics, and therefore the policies do not cover the assessment of their social impacts. To complement the operational policy, more detailed principles have been defined for wood procurement. Their aim is to reduce and prevent impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems in the procurement of raw materials. In addition to the requirements of the law, Koskisen’s wood procurement principles are based on the Forest Management Recommendations generally recognised in the forest sector and the requirements set by the PEFC or FSC chain of custody. The forest management recommendations are based on research data and expertise gained from practical experience. The forest management recommendations are updated continuously. The requirements set by PEFC and FSC forest certification support biodiversity in the management and use of commercial forests. The requirements set by the schemes are updated regularly. Koskisen is also committed to the Finnish Sawmills Association’s forest environment programme, which supports forest professionals and landowners’ understanding of actions that take into account biodiversity, and the metrics defined in the programme are used to monitor the success of the actions implemented by contractors. The principles are also followed by the partners operating for Koskisen’s, which ensures uniform practices. Koskisen’s operational policy, environmental principles and wood sourcing principles include principles that promote the protection of biodiversity and ecosystems and are applied comprehensively in the forest areas owned by Koskisen and in areas for which it holds harvesting rights. There are no practices or operational principles related to agriculture or the sea in Koskisen’s operations. The Code of Conduct for Addressing Deforestation is part of Koskisen’s operational policy. Actions and resources related to biodiversity and ecosystems E4-3 Koskisen’s wood procurement is a continuous process, which means the continuous management of sustainability impacts related to biodiversity and ecosystems by implementing the policies and principles described above. In addition, continuous monitoring and training are of great importance, and will be further developed as part of the annual planning of operations. The aim is to enhance the competence and knowledge of personnel and forest owners in order to strengthen biodiversity actions and their effectiveness. Continuous and comprehensive monitoring that covers all actions provides information on the success and effectiveness of the actions. The certification percentage of raw material procured from the forest was increased, and it is continuously monitored in operations. The key individual actions to achieve the objectives of the sustainability programme for 2024 were: • The principles and criteria for wood procurement concerning Koskisen’s forestry operations were defined. Based on the criteria, guidelines were drawn up for personnel planning and implementing forestry operations. The criteria and guidelines ensure a uniform level of requirements, the fulfilment of which can be monitored at the operational level. • Monitoring and developing forestry operations. Monitoring can be used to examine the quality of operations and provide information on the level of actions that take biodiversity into account. The monitoring consists of inspections carried out by Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 77 persons independent of the operations, as well as site-specific reporting carried out by machine operators. • The Finnish Sawmills Association’s forest environment programme training as an online course for all employees and contractors. The personnel have been trained to promote voluntary conservation at suitable sites in cooperation with forest owners and partners. • IT systems were developed as part of the continuous development of quality control and operational monitoring. The most important projects in 2024 were updating the occurrence data of endangered species in the company’s own forest resource information system, as well as participating in the development project of the self- monitoring tool in cooperation with other companies in the industry and a system developer. No significant financial resources have been used for the actions. Other financial resources related to forest management services in accordance with the EU Taxonomy are described in the section EU Taxonomy reporting, but they are not linked to the actions described. The actions and the continuous process of Koskisen’s wood procurement do not include ecological compensation. The actions have not specifically integrated the knowledge of nature or special solutions of local indigenous communities. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 78 Targets related to biodiversity and ecosystems E4-4 Targets KPI target 2027 Base year 2022 2024 Aspects related to the targets Availability of high-quality, certified Finnish wood Share of certified round wood 88% 81.0% 86.6% Ensuring measures that promote biodiversity Increasing expertise 100% of own wood procurement personnel have received training on biodiversity -% 100.0% Ensuring measures that promote biodiversity Increasing expertise 100% of contractors have received biodiversity training -% 85.0% Ensuring measures that promote biodiversity Ecological thresholds have not been specifically considered in the target setting. However, Koskisen takes into account the achievement of the following/general, non- community-specific ecological thresholds in its operations, as described above. Koskisen's wood procurement unit has the responsibility to ensure the compliance with these thresholds in all actions carried out by Koskisen. The targets will contribute to actions that align with the policy, i.e. the development of structural features of forestry in line with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, the relevant aspects of the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 and other national policies related to biodiversity and ecosystems. However, based on scientific evidence, the measures are not sufficient to ensure the achievement of these objectives at the national level. In wood procurement, Koskisen defines actions in interaction with forest owners. The decision on actions exceeding the minimum level of operations, which consists of the requirements of PEFC forest certification, is ultimately made by the owners of the sites. In order to achieve the national target levels, a wide range of measures are needed, not all of which are directly possible for forest industry companies to implement in their own operations. The targets are related to the impacts, dependencies and risks on biodiversity and ecosystems, both in the company’s own operations and at the upstream of the value chain. The objectives aim to enhance biodiversity actions implemented in connection with forestry operations and their monitoring. The targets are geographically focused on all of Koskisen’s forestry operations. Ecological compensations have not been utilised and stakeholders have not been involved in setting targets. In line with the mitigation hierarchy, the targets aim to equally avoid and minimize impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems. The targets do not include those related to rehabilitation nor compensation or offsets. The planned actions are monitored at the sites with metrics that provide information on the development of structural features in forestry operations in accordance with the Forest Environment Programme for the Sawmill Industry. Impact metrics related to biodiversity and ecosystems change E4-5 Forestry practices that take forest nature into account consist of considering valuable habitats, favouring mixed forests over single-species forests, maintaining retention trees and making high stumps, protective thickets, saving dead wood and low-yielding areas. The implementation of these is monitored in operations through sampling- based audits. The extent of operations near protected areas is documented in relation to biodiversity-sensitive areas. These areas are excluded from operations, or operations are carried out in accordance with the restrictions defined by the authorities. Regarding the impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems, the preservation of biodiversity- supporting structural features is measured, but it doesn't measure directly measure the state of nature. The set of metrics is based on monitoring activities in the forest Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 79 environment in accordance with Koskisen’s objectives. The metrics are mainly defined to align with the goals of the Sawmill Industry Association’s forest environment program, and they also measure the implementation of PEFC forest certification requirements in wood procurement activities. The increase in expertise is also reported as part of the biodiversity metrics. Targets for these have been set in Koskisen’s sustainability program. The monitored actions have shown positive biodiversity development, although they do not directly correspond to the achievement of ecological sustainability thresholds as they stand. The audits included in the metrics are carried out on the sites where forest management activities have been implemented. They are based on sampling, covering all activities and areas where Koskisen operates. The audits are partly targeted at areas with biodiversity-sensitive regions or waterbodies. However, at least 25% of the audits are based on random sampling. The monitoring is carried out when the ground is unfrozen, and the sites to be inspected are selected from the operations carried out during the year. The audits are carried out in the field and the monitoring is repeated annually. Self-monitoring audits are conducted at the sites to support the reportable metrics, and the information obtained from them supports the information on the audits. The uncertainties of site-specific audits are related to the subjective view of the auditors, as not all factors related to the metrics, such as the diameter of the retention trees or the amount of dead wood, are measured separately in all respects, and the number of thickets to be left may depend on the characteristics of the site, in which case they may not exist at all, or they may have been left as a larger coherent entity, in which case the number does not indicate the success of the measure. The share of certified roundwood is a calculated, accurate metric, the implementation of which is continuously monitored. Biodiversity metric 2024 Biodiversity-related compensations (t€) - Sites close to protected areas (pcs) 200 Sites close to protected areas (ha) 705 Share of stands where thickets have been left in accordance with the instructions (%) 50% Number of thickets left (pcs/ha) 2 Share of deciduous species in sold seedlings (%) 33% Number of aspen trees (diameter > 40 cm) retained after forest management activities 0.2 Share of stands where high stumps have been left in accordance with the guidelines (%) 2% Number of high stumps made (pcs/ha) 2 Share of stands where live retention trees have been left in accordance with the guidelines (%) 81% Number of retention trees left (pcs/ha) 11 Number of dead wood left (pcs/ha) 4 Personnel trained in the criteria for METSO and environmental support (%) 85% Contractors have received training on biodiversity (%) 85% Own wood procurement personnel have received training on biodiversity (%) 100% Amount of certified roundwood (%) 87% Individual sites in Koskisen’s wood procurement areas, or in their vicinity, may have biodiversity-sensitive areas. Forestry operations can potentially have a significant impact on biodiversity. Koskisen’s considers its entire wood procurement area as having the potential for biodiversity-sensitive areas either within or nearby. Koskisen has stated that its operations do not promote land use change. Koskisen’s wood procurement takes into account the biodiversity and vitality of forest ecosystems and also supports forest regeneration. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 80 ESRS E5 Resource use and circular economy Description of the processes to identify and assess material resource use and circular economy-related impacts, risks and opportunities IRO-1 Koskisen has identified and assessed resources and its operations to identify actual and potential impacts, risks and opportunities in its own operations and upstream and downstream value chain. The methods, assumptions and tools used for identification and assessment are described in section ESRS 2 IRO-1 of the sustainability statement. Even though the identification and assessment process was mainly carried out at a general level, the assessment of own operations focused on sawn timber, plywood and chipboard activities, related customers in business relationships and, geographically, Koskisen’s production plant in the municipality of Kärkölä and nearby areas. The connections of different levels of resource dependencies, such as the availability of wood raw material and skilled labour, to potential risks were also identified. Various circular economy issues, especially related to the use of recycled materials, were emphasised in the stakeholder consultation process in the views of chipboard customers. Policies related to resource use and circular economy E5-1 In its environmental policy, Koskisen is committed to continuously reducing the impact caused by its operations, entire value chain and the entire life cycle of its products on the soil, waters, climate and ecosystems by developing products and production processes that take these principles into account throughout the value chain and product life cycle. With regard to circular economy, the company is committed to operating in accordance with material efficiency principles, which in particular means using wood raw material as fully as possible. The environmental policy sets out a goal of developing the use of wood raw material side streams and increasing the degree of processing as product components. Biofuels are produced from felling waste and by-products of wood processing and used as fuel for Koskisen’s plants and nearby district heating plants. The operations follow the waste hierarchy principle. The environmental policy has been approved by the company’s Board of Directors. The executives of the Group and the business units, who are members of the company’s Executive Board, are responsible for implementing the policy and reporting on operations to the Board of Directors. Stakeholder perspectives were taken into account in the preparation of the policy as part of the double materiality analysis. The environmental policy is available to stakeholders on the company’s website Policies and principles - Koskisen. Thanks to its integrated operating model, Koskisen taps synergies between its various activities, industrial flows and the recyclability of products. In accordance with its environmental policy, Koskisen uses the renewable wood raw material it procures down to the last particle of sawdust, which indirectly reduces the use of primary resources and increases the use of secondary resources, such as sawdust, in new products. No direct goal has been set to move away from using wood as a primary resource. The principles of sustainable procurement and use of renewable natural resources are discussed in the company’s policies, environmental policy and principles for wood procurement. In addition to legal requirements, the principles of wood procurement are based on the generally recognised forest management recommendations and the requirements set by the PEFC or FSC chains of custody. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 81 Actions and resources related to resource use and circular economy E5-2 Koskisen’s actions are targeted at its own operations in the value chain. Resource efficiency is improved in production processes. The key actions and their implementation schedule are described in the table below. The ramp-up and production optimisation of the new Järvelä sawmill continued in 2024, which has improved yields in the use of wood raw material as main products. In addition, the plywood plant completed investments in a spindleless peeling line and the modernisation of the veneer dryer in 2024, which will improve yield and reduce waste. The new log yard will reduce the formation of sandy field bark that ends up as waste. A comprehensive investment programme for the plywood production of the Panel Industry segment in Järvelä was announced in late 2024 with the aim of improving the productivity, quality and yield of plywood production. The first phase of the investment programme will be implemented in 2025 and the programme will run until the end of 2027. The resources for implementing the actions are determined on an action-by-action basis, either as capital expenditure or operating expenditure. Financial information is disclosed in the EU Taxonomy Report. Key actions Implementation schedule Capital expenditure EUR thousand Operating expenditure EUR thousand Reducing sandy field bark formation 2025 NOT FOR 2024 NOT FOR 2024 Spindleless peeling line Implemented in the reporting year 2024 NOT FOR 2024 NOT FOR 2024 Veneer dryer modernisation Implemented in the reporting year 2024 NOT FOR 2024 NOT FOR 2024 New Järvelä sawmill Implemented before the reporting year NOT FOR 2024 NOT FOR 2024 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 82 Targets related to resource use and circular economy E5-3 Targets KPI target 2027 2022 2024 Aspects related to targets Waste hierarchy layer Efficient and optimised use of wood raw material Wood raw material efficiency for long-lasting wood products 60% 55% 50% Reducing resource inflows; Minimisation of primary raw material 1. Prevention Increasing the use of recycled material in chipboard production Share of recycled material in chipboard raw material 5% -% -% Reducing resource inflows and waste; Increasing the use of recycled materials 2. Recycling Innovating new circular solutions Increase in product development resources (EUR) +10% 0.3 MEUR 0.3 MEUR Reducing resource inflows and waste; Increasing circular product design 2. Recycling All targets are related to reducing resource inflows, in addition to which increasing the use of recycled material and innovating new circular economy solutions will reduce resource outflows in the form of waste. The targets are not related to waste management. No specific methods or significant assumptions have been used in defining the targets, and they are not related to national, EU or international policy objectives. The setting of targets takes into account the legislative changes to the circular economy and the use of primary resources. The aim is to increase circular product design by increasing product development resources by 10% by 2027 from the 2022 level. The use of recycled material in chipboard production will be increased, with the aim of increasing the share of recycled material in the chipboard raw material to 5% by 2027. Koskisen’s woodwise operating model, which aims for the highest possible and optimised use of raw materials, naturally minimises the use of primary raw materials per the produced volume of long-life wood products, such as chipboard. However, since a significant part of production uses side streams already generated in Koskisen’s production as secondary raw materials, the change in the efficiency of operations will not directly affect the need for primary raw materials to a corresponding extent. Koskisen’s integrated sawmill industry operating model is based on the use of renewable raw materials in accordance with the cascade principle in its own operations. The wood raw material is primarily used to produce long-life sawn timber and plywood products derived from fibre wood, and side streams, such as chips and sawdust from production, are used in chipboard. Parts that cannot be used for sawn timber and wood-based products, such as bark, are used as bioenergy. The products manufactured by Koskisen can be reused after their primary use, either through recycling or as bioenergy. In the end, almost all of Koskisen’s wood products and plywood can be composted after chipping. The product documentation contains information on the recommended methods of further use or disposal of each wood product. The targets are set by Koskisen itself and are not related to mandatory statutory requirements. Stakeholders have not been engaged in defining the targets. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 83 Resource inflows E5-4 Koskisen’s most important resource inflows are wood, the main raw material used in manufacturing, and other raw materials and packaging materials. In addition, water, machinery and supplies are consumed as commodities in production. In sawn timber products, wood is the only raw material, with the exception of painted wood products. In addition to wood, adhesives and coatings are used as raw materials in panel products, and plastic and metal parts are also used in KORE products. Plastic, cardboard and foil packaging as well as base pallets are used as packaging materials. The purchase quantities of wood are accurately known by volume unit, from which they are converted to the reporting unit based on average assumptions. The quantities of other raw materials and packaging materials are obtained either from our own purchasing systems or from supplier surveys, which are compared with the quantities in our own purchasing system. Otherwise, the data does not include significant assumptions and is calculated on the basis of measured inputs. Koskisen uses side streams from its own operations in its products. Chipboard is produced from sawdust and other side fractions, such as bark, are used as fuel for heating own production plants. In 2024, the use of own side streams in products and energy production totalled 60,029 tonnes. To avoid double calculation, resource inflows are taken into account when the resource flows into Koskisen’s operations for the first time. In the case of further processing, the material flow is not calculated a second time. Total resource inflows (t) 2024 Raw materials, wood (t) 715,943 Raw materials, wood-based coatings (t) 1,165 Raw materials, wood-based adhesives (t) 791 Packaging materials, wood (t) 1,645 Packaging materials, paper fibres (t) 705 Volume of biological material (t) 720,249 Proportion of biological materials (%) 98% Raw materials, other coatings (t) 1,640 Raw materials, oil-based adhesives (t) 12,160 Raw materials, metals (t) 90 Raw materials, plastics (t) 216 Packaging materials, plastics (t) 127 Packaging materials, metals (t) 6 Volume of non-biological materials (t) 14,239 Total material inflows (t) 734,487 Use of own side streams in products (t) 60,029 Volume of recycled materials (t) 60,942 Proportion of recycled materials (%) 8% Wood material flows 2024 Wood procurement (m3) 1,588,166 Use of wood at plants (m3) 906,584 Use of own side streams in products (m3) 150,072 Efficiency of wood use in long-life products % 50% Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 84 Resource outflows E5-5 Koskisen’s main products are sawn timber and processed products as well as chipboard and plywood. The products are made from renewable natural material that can be reused, recycled or recovered as energy at the end of its life. The products manufactured by Koskisen are mainly high-strength and long-life products. The products are used in construction, packaging and furniture industries. In Panel Industry, the products are also used in the transportation industry, for which KORE products related to furnishing commercial vehicles are processed in addition to basic panel products. Koskisen’s main products are basic materials for industry and construction, which do not differ from other similar wood-based products in terms of durability or reparability. Wood products are technically fully recyclable, disregarding whether the end-use site is prepared to implement recycling. Total products sold (t) 2024 Products (t) 560,754 Proportion of recyclable products (%) 100% Proportion of recyclable packaging (%) 100% Total amount of waste (t) 2024 Amount of ordinary waste to prepare for reuse (t) 38 Amount of ordinary waste to be recycled (t) 503 Amount of ordinary waste for other recovery (t) 157 Amount of ordinary waste for other than disposal (t) 698 Amount of ordinary waste for incineration (t) 277 Amount of ordinary waste to landfill (t) 59 Amount of ordinary waste for other disposal (t) - Amount of ordinary waste for disposal (t) 336 Amount of hazardous waste for preparation for reuse (t) 19 Amount of hazardous waste for recycling (t) - Amount of hazardous waste for other recovery (t) - Amount of hazardous waste for other than disposal (t) 19 Amount of hazardous waste for incineration (t) 184 Amount of hazardous waste to landfill (t) - Amount of hazardous waste for other disposal (t) 30 Amount of hazardous waste for disposal (t) 213 Total amount of radioactive waste (t) - Total amount of hazardous waste (t) 232 Total amount of waste (t) 1,266 Total amount of waste for other than disposal (t) 717 Total amount of waste for disposal (t) 550 Total amount of non-recycled waste (t) 550 Proportion of non-recycled waste (%) 43% The reported volumes of waste streams are based on the legally required waste accounting, which maintains the volumes of waste transported in weight units. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 85 Social information Koskisen’s Human Resources Principles and Code of Conduct are based on UN Guiding Principles, the declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Corporations. With the principles Koskisen ensures safe and healthy working conditions in all its places of business for both its own employees and the employees of its subcontractors. ESRS S1 Own workforce ........................................................................ 86 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 86 ESRS S1 Own workforce Material impacts, risks and opportunities and their interaction with the strategy and business model ESRS 2 / SBM-3 As described in chapter ESRS 2, Koskisen’s entire own workforce is included within the scope of Koskisen’s sustainability impacts and sustainability reporting. The actual and potential impacts as well as the associated risks and opportunities are not directly attributable to the company’s strategy or business model, and therefore there has been no need to adapt them. However, the importance of the community has been identified and the importance of Koskisen’s employer image has been taken into account in the strategy. The strategy also includes the key objectives for occupational safety and well-being at work in accordance with the sustainability programme. The material impacts concern people working at the production plants. In addition to own workforce, Koskisen’s sites also have contractors and their permanent employees. In addition, there are self-employed persons at the sites. The company also has temporary workers at its Polish sites. With regard to occupational safety, accidents of non-employees are also reported. In other respects, the reporting covers all people in Koskisen’s own workforce, who could be materially impacted by the company, with regard to the information that has been disclosed in accordance with ESRS 2. Koskisen’s material negative impacts are caused by working in an industrial environment and are related to individual cases. People working in the plant environment are exposed to a higher risk of occupational accidents. A higher risk of exposure to psychosocial stress has been identified in expert work. Koskisen’s material positive impacts concern employment and the economic well- being of the neighbouring areas as well as the active promotion of occupational well- being and health. The positive impacts concern the working areas surrounding Koskisen’s locations in Finland and Poland. The risks related to Koskisen’s material sustainability topics are based on the volatile climate in the labour market, such as possible industrial action and, for example, strikes. Furthermore, accident and damage risks in production facilities could, if realised, lead to Koskisen’s obligation to compensate for losses and delay or interfere with the delivery of Koskisen’s products and services. Similarly, a good reputation as a responsible employer creates opportunities through better recruitment success, lower workforce turnover and, in general, higher employee satisfaction and the resulting productivity. In 2024, Koskisen began preparing a transition plan for climate change mitigation and adaptation. The potential impacts of the implementation of the transition plan on the company’s own workforce will be assessed as part of the process during 2025. Koskisen has no operations or locations in areas or countries with a significant risk of forced labour or the use of child labour. Koskisen’s occupational health and safety management system ISO 45001 includes processes for managing material negative impacts related to own workforce. Koskisen has identified in its employee-related processes that , including the assessment of work hazards, that people working in a plant environment, in particular, face more actual and potential negative impacts related to occupational health and safety. These are defined as work-related physical hazards and accidents, occupational health problems, and physical, ergonomic and chemical exposures. Koskisen’s material risks and opportunities related to its own workforce do not concern a specific personnel group, production plant or country. Policies related to own workforce S1-1 Koskisen’s operating policy, Code of Conduct and personnel principles guide the identification, assessment, management and correction of material sustainability impacts, and they cover all geographical areas of operations. The management of the Group and business units is responsible for implementing the policies and the more detailed principles derived from them. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 87 In its operating policy, Koskisen is committed to excellent working conditions for its personnel, continuous competence development, well-being at work, safety at work and investing in health. The significance of quality, environmental and safety issues has been clearly identified and Koskisen takes responsibility for their maintenance and development. The personnel principles ensure the achievement of the objectives outlined in the operating policy regarding material sustainability topics, i.e. occupational health and safety and being an employer. In accordance with the principles, occupational safety management is based on the certified ISO 45001 system. The personnel principles set out the main principles for leadership, remuneration, safety, well-being at work and work ability, culture and equality, competence development and recruitment and induction. The personnel principles are supplemented by internal HR instructions. The operating policy and personnel principles are publicly available on the company’s website. The Code of Conduct describes the operating methods and stakeholder-specific commitments. With regard to own workforce, they commit to ensuring safe and healthy working conditions at all locations for both own and subcontractors’ employees. In addition, the operating methods include diversity and inclusion, a respectful and harassment-free working environment, freedom of association, privacy and commitment to human rights. The operating policy, personnel principles and Code of Conduct cover the Koskisen Group’s entire personnel without excluding anyone, and the results of the double materiality assessment have been taken into account in their preparation, and defined stakeholders, such as the personnel representative, were consulted. The Group’s safety manual and separate occupational health and safety manual, which contain more detailed principles, describe Koskisen’s general safety and occupational health and safety policies. The manual, together with the measures and documents referred to in it, make up Koskisen’s general occupational safety and health programme. They also cover all of the Group’s operations, with plant work emphasised in the themes. The manuals are updated in cooperation with the employee representatives. Koskisen’s personnel principles and Code of Conduct are based on the UN Guiding Principles, the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. Koskisen’s personnel principles, Code of Conduct and operating policy describe the commitments to ensuring the realisation of human and labour rights. Koskisen promotes equality and non-discrimination in accordance with the equality and non- discrimination plan. In personnel-related matters, Koskisen’s official dialogue forums in Finland are the Group’s work community group and the occupational safety committee. These include employee representatives and the company’s operational management. Internal communication takes place via the intranet. In Poland, dialogue takes place as required by local regulations in the form of employee meetings. Communication also takes place via bulletin boards. Measures to correct or enable the correction of human rights impacts identified as part of the risk assessment or other work-related impact identification processes in units are prepared annually as part of the action plans related to the implementation of the personnel principles. All employees have the opportunity to make observations through the Continuous Development Forum, and these are answered transparently to everyone. Koskisen’s policies concerning its own workforce correspond to the UN Guiding Principles, including the principles on companies’ human rights responsibilities. The international principles are implemented as part of compliance with national legislation, to which Koskisen is committed in all of its operations. Koskisen’s Code of Conduct commits to ensuring that Koskisen does not use forced labour or child labour, and the same is required of everyone in the supply chain. Committing to preventing human trafficking is part of our Code of Conduct commitment to respecting the human rights. In its Code of Conduct, Koskisen is committed to ensuring safe and healthy working conditions at all locations for its own employees and those of its subcontractors. The ISO 45001 occupational health and safety management system covering all of Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 88 Koskisen’s operations in Finland ensures that the goal is achieved in practice. Key tools in Finland are occupational health and safety and occupational health care action plans implemented by operational management in business operations. In Poland, employees’ ability to work is ensured through statutory regular medical examinations. The Code of Conduct includes a commitment to respecting diversity and treating people with appreciation and respect. Koskisen does not tolerate harassment or bullying in the workplace. The personnel principles contribute to ensuring the implementation of these principles, including the elimination of discrimination and harassment and the promotion of equal opportunities. The personnel principles state that age, origin, language, disability, belief, gender, sexual orientation, religion or ethnic background, political activities, trade union activities, relationships, family or individual special characteristics and life situations must not give rise to discrimination. Race, gender identity, political opinions, national or social origin have not been separately recorded as grounds for discrimination, but they are reflected in the indirectly recorded principles. Koskisen has not identified any particularly vulnerable groups and the principles do not include the inclusion and/or positive special treatment of persons in a vulnerable position. The implementation of the anti-discrimination principles is ensured by the following methods described in the ethical principles: organisation-wide communication, internal training, use of whistleblowing channels and investigation of violations. Koskisen does not yet have specific defined methods for increasing diversity and/or inclusion, but according to the sustainability programme, this will be taken into account in Koskisen’s training. Going forward, all detected and reported cases of discrimination will be handled immediately in accordance with the updated internal guidelines. The guidelines were updated in Finland in 2024 and will be implemented in 2025. In Poland, similar guidelines will be defined during 2025. Processes for engaging with own workers and workers’ representatives about impacts S1-2 Koskisen’s main forms of engaging with its own workforce and its representatives regarding material sustainability topics take place in several ways. These include continuous supervisory activities, standard meeting practices, the personnel survey process, safety observations and initiatives related to occupational safety management, the occupational safety committee, the work community group and employee representation of the Group’s own workforce operating in Finland in the Group’s extended Executive Board. Workforce perspectives are taken into account through the above processes, in accordance with local legislation. Formal engagement takes place with employee representatives in both Finland and Poland. The representative of the Group’s own workforce is part of the Group’s extended Executive Board for the Finnish operations. The Group’s occupational safety committee and the work community group meet four times a year in Finland for a joint dialogue, in which all personnel groups are represented. In Poland, representatives elected from among employees participate in the negotiations and represent the personnel in common matters. Polish legislation does not require the establishment of a separate health and safety working group in companies with fewer than 250 employees. The Group CEO is responsible for communication within the extended Executive Board. The HR Director is responsible for the other communication processes described above. Koskisen assesses the effectiveness of communication mainly through an annual well- being at work survey that covers the entire Group’s personnel. The effectiveness of communication is assessed from different perspectives in the light of its results. In addition, the functionality of communication is assessed from the perspective of the company-specific collective agreement and its achievement. The conclusion of a company-specific collective agreement is the result of effective communication and the parties’ views meeting. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 89 Processes to remedy the negative impacts and channels for own workers to raise concerns S1-3 Processes to remedy the negative impacts and channels The areas of prevention and remediation of negative impacts related to safety and health are part of Koskisen’s operating system in accordance with the OHSAS 18001/ISO 45001:2018 standard. Koskisen’s safety manual covers descriptions of the planning, implementation and assurance of occupational safety. Assessment of work hazards The safety manual covers the rescue plan and its sub-instructions, which are location- specific rescue plans, safety organisation, occupational safety, fire protection, chemicals, boilers and pressure vessels, occupational health, data protection, property protection and security, civil defence and crisis protection, as well as information and procedural instructions in the event of disruptions and accidents. A separate occupational safety and health manual describes Koskisen’s general occupational safety and health policies. The manual, together with the measures and documents referred to in it, makes up Koskisen’s general occupational safety and health programme. The occupational safety and health manual describes the implementation of corrective actions in accordance with the incident report policy, which ensures that the effectiveness of corrective actions can be monitored in accordance with the requirements of the operating system. Examples of concrete processes include the identification and assessment of work hazards, risk assessment and workplace survey in cooperation with occupational health care, which are used to reduce negative impacts. Personnel representatives participate in the described processes. Own workforce can raise its concerns or needs either to an employee representative, to an occupational safety delegate chosen by the personnel or directly to the company through the whistleblowing channels. Concerns and needs addressed directly at Koskisen are handled in Finland through the Continuous Development channel, which is maintained by the company and to which the personnel have visibility, as well as the possibility to submit reports to. In addition, Koskisen has an anonymous whistleblowing reporting channel separate from day-to-day management, which is available through Koskisen’s website, for example. The continuous development forum and anonymous whistleblowing channel are set up by Koskisen itself, but the anonymous whistleblowing channel is managed by an external party. The employee representatives and the occupational health and safety organisation have been established by a party separate from the company. Koskisen’s anonymous whistleblowing channel serves as the company’s official reporting mechanism. In addition, all of the communication channels described above can be used to report and correct grievances and to promote their correction. The definition of the grievance mechanism began in 2024, it was described in 2024, and it will be implemented in 2025. Koskisen’s process for improving the availability of grievance mechanisms among its own workforce is based on sufficient accessibility through internal and external channels. The whistleblowing channel is clearly available both on Koskisen’s intranet site and on the company’s website. Concerns and needs addressed directly at Koskisen are recorded and processed through the Continuous Development Forum for operations in Finland. Case processing is monitored continuously and reported annually to the company’s management. Concerns and observations raised through the whistleblowing channel are handled through a separate process on a case-by-case basis. The company’s Administrative Secretary and General Counsel are responsible for monitoring the channel and handling cases. If the cases require compliance with whistleblower protection legislation or concern a member of the Executive Board, they are reported directly to the Chair of the Board of Directors and the Audit Committee. Through clear communication and management, Koskisen aims to promote the highest possible level of awareness and trust in the channels for reporting grievances and concerns. At the beginning of the employment relationship, the information is introduced to the company’s own workforce throughout the Group. Koskisen has no practices for assessing awareness of the channels. The company has no specific policies in place to protect employees from retaliation. Both the Continuous Development Forum and the whistleblowing channel enable anonymous reporting. Koskisen’s Code of Conduct includes a commitment to Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 90 operating methods to prevent any retaliatory action. The identity of the whistleblower will not be disclosed to the recipient at any time unless the whistleblower knowingly discloses it. Reports of potential violations are handled strictly confidentially and anonymously as far as possible. According to its Code of Conduct, Koskisen does not tolerate harassment or bullying in the workplace. Taking action on material impacts on own workforce, and approaches to mitigating material risks and pursuing material opportunities related to own workforce, and effectiveness of those actions S1-4 Actions to continuously improve occupational safety and prevent harm Continuous improvement of occupational safety in the short, medium and long term is based on continuous and daily occupational safety activities. The permanent goal is zero accidents. Communication, safety observations, risk surveys and risk prevention through active measures play a key role in the continuous improvement of occupational safety. In addition, each Koskisen employee is encouraged to take safety initiatives, which supports the building of a common safety culture. The key actions focus on prevention, and the corrective actions for individual cases are handled as part of the Group’s continuous development in the business units. There are no significant individual actions to report in this respect for 2024. Koskisen’s key actions for implementing accident-free day-to-day life are based on the occupational safety action plans at Group level and in all of the Group’s functions (Panel Industry, Sawn Timber Industry and wood procurement). The action plans include short-term actions, responsibilities and goals for the calendar year in all geographical areas. Key ongoing actions implemented and planned in 2024 Koskisen introduced a regular monthly safety review for supervisors. These reviews analyse incidents and near misses and share good practices. The aim of this cooperation model is to develop a safer working environment. Internal safety communications were clarified and improved in cooperation with the personnel. In Panel Industry, the company has paid special attention to harmonising and clarifying the guidelines related to the use of protective equipment. Koskisen uses its own safety reward system. In the system, employees receive a daily bonus of one euro for each week with no lost time accidents. The safety of access routes was improved at the plywood and chipboard plant by installing lights to clarify the markings of access routes. Attention was also paid to the safety of work equipment. Occupational safety training was continued for all personnel. Occupational safety card training is renewed every five years to ensure the up-to-date safety competence of the personnel. Making of safety observations and initiatives was systematically promoted. All employees were encouraged to take safety initiatives and commit to developing the common safety culture. The expected impact of the measures described above is an improvement in occupational safety, measured using the metrics used by Koskisen. The implementation of the measures improves occupational safety, as they prevent risks and improve occupational safety over all time horizons. The key safety actions described above cover all sites and all employees and salaried employees in production. The actions do not cover other parts of the value chain. The effectiveness of the measures is monitored regularly through the documentation of safety observations, lost time accidents (LTA1) and near misses. This monitoring data is used in the operations of the occupational safety committee and the units’ safety groups, as well as in monthly safety reviews and the continuous monitoring of the implementation of agreed measures. Implementation of remedies In accordance with its occupational safety system, Koskisen has a legally high level of preparedness to comply with high levels of first aid preparedness, occupational safety operating models and instructions as well as the resources of the occupational safety organisation in accident situations and in mitigating and correcting their effects. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 91 Koskisen ensures that the personnel have sufficient first aid preparedness as required by the Finnish laws on occupational safety and health care and Polish labour legislation. In actual occupational accident situations, appropriate treatment is always arranged and the injured person can receive compensation from insurance, but due to privacy protection, Koskisen does not have precise information about financial compensations. All incidents have been handled on a case-by-case basis and the necessary corrective actions have been defined in the business units. The effectiveness of the actions is monitored and evaluated as part of the Group’s processes, which include annual management reviews and monthly safety reviews. For additional information about handling incidents of discrimination, see S1-17 Incidents, complaints and severe human rights impacts. Processes for identifying actions needed to continuously improve occupational safety Koskisen implements its occupational safety management in accordance with the ISO 45000 management system and by drawing up action plans for occupational safety, occupational health care and early support in cooperation with the personnel. Koskisen has systematic processes for identifying, assessing and managing occupational safety and health risks. This includes identifying hazards in the work environment, assessing risks based on their likelihood and severity, and defining appropriate control measures to reduce or eliminate risks. Measures to promote the well-being and health of own workforce Koskisen develops its personnel’s well-being at work in a diverse and systematic manner. The company’s actions are based on continuous daily supervisory work and well-being programmes for all employees as well as targeted well-being programmes that are implemented at all locations. Continuous activities also include effective occupational safety and health cooperation and a joint occupational safety and health action plan. The development of well-being at work is based on the early support model, preventive measures and strengthening community spirit. Key ongoing actions implemented and planned in 2024 In addition to the negative impacts, the key measures implemented and planned address Koskisen’s strategic goal of being an attractive and fair employer with a positive impact on its own workforce. The well-being at work survey and management support were implemented. The well-being at work survey is one of the most important management tools. The results were thoroughly discussed under the leadership of supervisors in all teams. Supervisors received training on how to decode the results, and they had the opportunity to use facilitators to support them. Development targets for teams’ well-being at work for 2024 were defined. In the development areas, the focus was on clarifying the flow of information, managing common issues, developing competence and giving feedback. At the company level, the development of communications, occupational safety and safety thinking were selected as development targets. The Koskisen Kohottajat project was implemented as a targeted well-being project, with ten participants. The aim of the project was to find solutions to musculoskeletal disorders and the challenges of shift work. The project included diverse support from occupational physiotherapy to nutritionist counselling and occupational health care and psychologist services. The implementation of the Koskisen Konkarit programme was continued. Eight people participated in the Koskisen Konkarit programme aimed at employees over the age of 50 during the reporting year. The year-long programme focuses on maintaining work ability and supporting staying in working life. The development of orientation continued by building online courses at Koskisen School and clarifying the orientation process. The sense of community was often strengthened by supporting the teams’ joint activities with team appropriations and organising a joint barbecue party. The provision of exercise and well-being benefits was continued. Koskisen supports the overall well-being of its personnel by offering its own gym and swimming opportunities in the Kärkölä swimming pool. In addition, the company supports the coping of employees with the ePassi benefit. In Poland, Koskisen offers its employees diverse benefits through the social benefits fund (ZFŚS), such as holiday allowances, Christmas bonuses and Saint Nicholas’ Day gifts for employees’ children. In 2024, voluntary health check-ups were offered in Poland to employees over the age of 40 and the Fruit Tuesday concept was introduced to promote healthy eating habits. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 92 Koskisen’s measures to promote well-being at work cover all of the company’s business areas and functions. Koskisen’s actions to promote well-being at work are divided into three time horizons. They emphasise the rapid impact of actions and events as well as long-term prevention and strengthening the foundation of well-being at work. The measures are aimed at the entire personnel, but some of the measures focus on special groups. Training has been arranged for supervisors on how to handle the results of the well-being at work survey. The Koskisen Kohottajat project is aimed at people suffering from musculoskeletal disorders and shift workers. The needs of ageing employees are addressed with targeted programmes. The measures to promote well- being at work focus on Koskisen’s own personnel and do not cover other parts of the value chain. Koskisen monitors and assesses measures to promote well-being at work in a diverse manner. Monitoring the attendance and turnover metrics supports the monitoring of general well-being at work and early response. The results of the well-being at work survey are used as a management tool and in monitoring the effectiveness of measures. The implementation of the development targets defined by the teams is monitored regularly. The performance of targeted well-being programmes, such as Koskisen Kohottajat and Koskisen Konkarit, will be assessed at the end of the programme. The effectiveness of managing employees’ ability to work is monitored in accordance with the early support model and the effects of developing orientation as part of normal management. All of the measures described above improve well-being at work, as they prevent problems related to ability to work, support early intervention and strengthen community spirit and competence. Identifying and managing negative impacts Koskisen ensures the safety of its operating practices through systematic monitoring and proactive risk management. The company actively monitors the development of occupational safety legislation and complies with its requirements. Regular dialogue with key stakeholders, such as occupational health care and employee representatives, is an essential part of ensuring safety. The health and safety of the work environment is systematically assessed by means of workplace surveys carried out every three years. Chemical risk management is a key part of safety at work. The procurement process for new work and safety equipment involves consulting both the personnel and their representatives as well as occupational health care in order to ensure the suitability and safety of the equipment for its intended use. Resources allocated to the management of negative impacts The resources related to the continuous improvement of occupational safety and well- being at work consist of the responsibilities of management and supervisors and work in accordance with the ISO 45001 management system. The safety managers working at Koskisen’s sites are a resource dedicated to the management of occupational safety. It is not possible to report the current or future exact operating or capital expenditure of key activities, as the activities are part of the day-to-day operational activities of the Group and the business functions as well as the duties of Koskisen’s supervisors and employees. The company has set new strategic goals during 2024 and achieving them will be monitored in the coming years. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 93 Targets related to managing material negative impacts, advancing positive impacts, and managing material risks and opportunities S1-5 The targets presented in the table below correspond to the targets of the personnel principles, which take into account material sustainability aspects. These targets are presented in section S1-1. The targets apply to Koskisen’s own personnel at all of its locations. The current status and development of these issues in the Group have been taken into account in setting the targets. The development of occupational accidents is also monitored in relation to other companies in the industry, but otherwise it has not been taken into account in the target setting. The targets do not, as such, directly correspond to material impacts, risks or opportunities, but are part of the overall monitoring and management of entities related to the identified themes. Stakeholders have not been consulted separately when setting the targets. The targets do not require significant changes in the company’s operations or the measurement of goals, but are part of daily operations. S1 Sustainability topics related to own workforce Target 2027 Covers the entire Koskisen Group Base year 2022 2024 Aspects related to targets Reduction of accidents Accident frequency rate LTA1 < 5 19.40 9.70 The target is based on the operating policy and personnel principles, described in section S1-1 Well-being and health of employees Overall score in the well-being at work survey > 4 3.85 3.81 The target is based on the operating policy and personnel principles, described in section S1-1 Well-being and health of employees Well-being at work survey response rate > 90% 76% 78% The target is based on the operating policy and personnel principles, described in section S1-1 Developing the competence of personnel Training hours/person > 18 11.48 8.15 The target is based on the operating policy and personnel principles, described in section S1-1 Equal and non-discriminating work community Diversity, equity and inclusion awareness development through internal training 100% of the workforce New target for 2024 New target from 2024 The target is based on the operating policy and personnel principles, described in section S1-1 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 94 The targets related to the company’s own workforce have been set in the sustainability programme based on the insights obtained from the double materiality assessment. The company’s Executive Board and a selected group of representatives from different functions were responsible for setting the targets. Employees or their representatives were not separately engaged in setting the targets. The implementation of actions and targets is monitored four times a year in the work community group and the extended Executive Board, both of which have employee representation. Occupational safety is also monitored monthly in the Group’s safety reviews. Continuous monitoring of implementation includes monitoring progress, identifying and documenting any deviations and making any necessary changes to implementation. Characteristics of the company’s employees S1-6 Koskisen’s HR department is responsible for the collection, maintenance and reporting of personnel data. The personnel system is used for the administration of personnel data, and it is where the data is stored. Reporting includes information about employees in employment relationships with the Group. Number of employees by gender Gender Number of employees (head count) Men 669 Women 274 Other - Not reported - Total number of employees 943 Rate of employee turnover 2024 Terminated employment relationships 66 Exit turnover 7.0% Number of employees (head count) Country Number of employees (head count) Finland 796 Poland 131 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 95 Employees by contract type, broken down by gender 2024 Men Women Other Not reported Total number of employees Number of employees in employment (head count / FTE) 669 274 - - 943 Number of permanent employees (head count / FTE) 620 243 - - 863 Number of temporary employees (head count / FTE) 49 31 - - 80 Number of non-guaranteed hours employees (head count / FTE) 19 12 - - 31 Number of full-time employees (head count / FTE) 650 262 - - 912 Number of part-time employees (head count / FTE) 6 4 - - 10 Number of employees by contract type, broken down by country 2024 Finland Poland Other Number of employees (head count / FTE) Number of employees in employment (head count / FTE) 796 131 16 943 Number of permanent employees (head count / FTE) 783 64 16 863 Number of temporary employees (head count / FTE) 13 67 - 80 Number of non-guaranteed hours employees (head count / FTE) 31 - - 31 Number of full-time employees (head count / FTE) 765 131 16 912 Number of part-time employees (head count / FTE) 10 - - 10 Employee data has been collected from the company’s HR and payroll systems. The number of employees is expressed as the head count on the last day of the reporting period. In the sustainability statement, the number of employees is the personnel situation on 31 December 2024, and in the financial statements, the number of employees is the average for the full year, i.e. the 12-month average. The full-time equivalent is not calculated separately, as the majority of employment relationships are full-time. The compilation of data does not involve any assumptions; the data is compiled directly from the system data. The reported year-end personnel figures do not include the 47 summer employees who worked at Koskisen during the summer 2024. Information on the number of employees can be found in Note 6 to Koskisen’s consolidated financial statements. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 96 Collective bargaining coverage and social dialogue S1-8 Collective bargaining coverage and social dialogue Information on the personnel’s inclusion in collective agreements can be found in Koskisen’s personnel system based on the job description, and the disclosed information does not include assumptions or limitations. The number of employees can be found in table S1-6 Number of employees by contract type, broken down by country 2024. Collective bargaining coverage Social dialogue Coverage rate: Employees – EEA (for countries with more than 50 employees representing more than 10% of total employees) Employees – non-EEA (estimate of regions with more than 50 employees representing more than 10% of total employees) Workplace representation (EEA only) (countries with more than 50 employees representing more than 10% of total employees) 0–19% Poland 20–39% 40–59% 60–79% 80–100% Finland Finland, Poland In Finland, Koskisen’s production employees, salaried employees and forestry salaried employees are covered by company-specific collective agreements, one of which is for production employees and salaried employees and the other for forestry salaried employees. Senior salaried employees and management are subject to terms of employment agreed in the company. There are no similar universally binding collective agreements or company-specific solutions based on them in the Polish labour market. Koskisen complies with the general labour legislation in Poland, in addition to which company-specific policies concerning work and remuneration are applied to all employees with regard to work, employment relationship, working conditions and salary. Koskisen has no agreements with employees on representation that would be handled by a European Works Council, European Company (SE) Works Council or European Cooperative Society (SCE) Works Council. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 97 Diversity metrics S1-9 Information on personnel diversity is obtained from Koskisen’s personnel system, and the disclosures do not involve assumptions or limitations. Gender distribution at top management 2024 Head count % Top management, women 3 18% Top management, men 14 82% Top management, others - -% Top management, not reported - -% Top management, total 17 100% Age distribution among employees 2024 Head count % Under 30 years old 155 16% 30–50 years old 490 52% Over the age of 50 298 32% Head count by age 943 100% Koskisen Corporation’s top management consists of the Board of Directors and the CEO with the support of the Executive Board. Adequate wages S1-10 All Koskisen employees are paid adequate wages in accordance with the applicable benchmarks. Social protection S1-11 All Koskisen employees are covered by social protection through public programmes or benefits provided by the company in the event of loss of income due to illness, unemployment, work-related injury or disability, parental leave or retirement. Training and skills development metrics S1-13 Information on employee performance reviews and training hours is obtained from Koskisen’s personnel system. Performance reviews are recorded by supervisors on the basis of the reviews. The information disclosed regarding training hours is based on supervisors’ notifications. Both types of information may involve uncertainty regarding the flow of information, and not everything is necessarily recorded. Percentage of performance review participants 2024 Head count % of total head count Performance review participants, women 177 19% Performance review participants, men 393 42% Performance review participants, other - -% Performance review participants, not reported - -% Performance review participants, total 570 60% Number of training hours per employee 2024 Number of training hours per employee, women 10 Number of training hours per employee, men 7 Number of training hours per employee, other - Number of training hours per employee, not reported - Number of training hours per employee, all 8 Number of training days 1,199 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 98 Health and safety metrics S1-14 Health and safety metrics Health and safety data are compiled from Koskisen’s personnel system and the Continuous Development system, where information on occupational accidents and their processing is recorded. The data are collected for all personnel. The transitional rule is applied to non-employees. The response rate and result (eNPS) of the personnel satisfaction survey and the number and frequency of occupational accidents (LTA1) are the Group’s own metrics related to sustainability targets, which are presented in section S1-5. Occupational accidents (LTA 1) are defined as accidents that result in at least one day long absence. The Lost Time Accident Frequency (LTAF1) is reported per one million hours worked. The number of occupational accidents (TRI) includes accidents that result in a medical check-up. Thus, the figures do not include accidents in which health care was not involved. The personnel satisfaction survey covers all personnel, but there may be uncertainties related to the responses due to the survey language, which is English, and not the workers’ native languages. 2024 Percentage of Koskisen’s own workforce covered by the occupational health and safety management system 99% Number of fatalities as a result of work-related injuries and work-related ill health, own employees - Number of fatalities as a result of work-related injuries and work-related ill health, other employees working on the company’s sites - Number of recorded occupational accidents (LTI), own employees 28 Share of recorded occupational accidents (LTIF) related to own workforce 20.8 Number of cases of work-related ill health, employees - Number of days lost to work-related injuries and fatalities from work- related accidents, work-related ill health and fatalities from ill health, employees 91 Group’s metrics Number of lost time accidents (LTA1) 13 Frequency of lost time accidents (LTAF1) 9.7 Personnel satisfaction survey response rate 78% Personnel satisfaction survey eNPS 4 The occupational health and safety management system covering Koskisen operations in Finland complies with the ISO 45001 standard and has been audited by the external verifier Kiwa Inspecta. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 99 Work-life balance metrics S1-15 The data concerning work-life balance metrics are obtained from Koskisen’s personnel system, and the disclosures do not involve assumptions or restrictions. All Koskisen’s employees are entitled to family leave under social policy and/or collective agreements. Percentage of employees that took family-related leave by gender % Percentage of employees that took family leave, women 1.4% Percentage of employees that took family leave, men 1.8% Percentage of employees that took family leave, other -% Percentage of employees that took family leave, not reported -% Percentage of employees that took family leave 3.2% Incidents, complaints and severe human rights impacts S1-17 Disclosed incidents are obtained either through the company’s whistleblowing channels or on the basis of reports made to supervisors. Incidents, including reports from external parties, are recorded in the Continuous Development system, where case processing is maintained. The recorded incidents are based on reports and possible external audits and do not involve any significant background assumptions or restrictions. Incidents, complaints and severe human rights impacts 2024 Number of incidents of discrimination 2 Number of incidents of harassment (included in incidents of discrimination) - Number of non-harassment incidents (included in incidents of discrimination) 2 Number of complaints reported through personnel channels 10 Number of complaints reported to the National Contact Points for OECD Multinational Enterprises - Fines and compensation for damages for incidents of discrimination and complaints - Number of severe human rights incidents - Number of serious human rights incidents that are cases of non-respect of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights or ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work - Fines, penalties and compensation for damages for serious human rights incidents - Of the two recorded cases of discrimination, one was reported to a supervisor and has been appropriately addressed among the relevant parties within the Panel Industry. Follow-up meetings related to the case will continue in 2025. The second case was recorded as a minor non-conformity during an external FSC audit in the Sawmill Industry. The matter is being investigated internally during 2025 and will be reviewed again in the 2025 FSC audit. No fines have been recorded for the incidents and, therefore, no information is presented in the financial statements. The Consolidated and parent company’s Financial Statements Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 101 Table of Contents Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS) .............. 102 Consolidated statement of comprehensive income .... 102 Consolidated balance sheet .................................................. 103 Consolidated statement of changes in equity ............... 104 Consolidated statement of cash flows .............................. 106 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements . 107 1. General information and basis of preparation ............ 107 2. Segment information and revenue ................................ 109 3. Financial risk and capital management ....................... 111 4. Other operating income .................................................... 116 5. Materials and services ......................................................... 116 6. Employee benefit expenses .............................................. 117 7. Share-based incentive plans ............................................. 118 8. Depreciation, amortisation and impairment .............. 121 9. Other operating expenses ................................................. 122 10. Finance income and costs ............................................... 123 11. Income tax .............................................................................. 123 12. Property, plant and equipment ...................................... 127 13. Forest assets .......................................................................... 130 14. Leases ...................................................................................... 130 15. Intangible assets .................................................................. 133 16. Inventories ............................................................................. 134 17. Other receivables ................................................................. 134 18. Assets held for sale .............................................................. 135 19. Equity ....................................................................................... 135 20. Earnings per share ............................................................. 136 21. Financial assets and liabilities ......................................... 137 22. Provisions ............................................................................... 141 23. Other payables ..................................................................... 142 24. Group structure ................................................................... 142 25. Related party transactions .............................................. 143 26. Contingent liabilities and commitments ................... 144 27. Events after the financial period ................................... 144 Parent company’s Financial Statements (FAS) ..... 146 Income statement .................................................................... 146 Balance sheet ............................................................................. 147 Statement of cash flows ......................................................... 149 Notes to the financial statements of parent company ....................................................................................... 150 Signatures of the Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements ...................................................... 162 Auditor’s Report ........................................................................ 163 Assurance Report on the Sustainability Report ............ 168 Independent Auditor’s Reasonable Assurance Report on Koskisen Oyj ESEF Financial Statements ... 170 Information for investors ........................................................ 172 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 102 Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS) Consolidated statement of comprehensive income EUR thousand Note 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Revenue 2 282,262 271,275 Other operating income 4 2,022 4,050 Change in inventories of finished goods and work in progress 16 5,151 922 Change in fair value of forest assets 13 324 870 Materials and services 5 -174,749 -156,769 Employee benefit expenses 6 -47,913 -46,890 Depreciation, amortisation and impairments 8 -11,169 -8,607 Other operating expenses 9 -42,904 -40,455 Operating profit (loss) 13,023 24,396 Finance income 10 3,638 4,573 Finance costs 10 -6,689 -4,910 Finance costs, net -3,051 -337 Profit (loss) before income tax 9,972 24,059 Income tax expense 11 -1,684 -3,829 Profit (loss) for the period 8,288 20,230 EUR thousand Note 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Other comprehensive income: Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss Translation differences 47 335 Other comprehensive income for the period, net of tax 47 335 Total comprehensive income for the period 8,335 20,565 Profit (loss) for the period attributable to: Owners of the parent company 8,288 20,230 Profit (loss) for the period 8,288 20,230 Total comprehensive income for the period attributable to: Owners of the parent company 8,335 20,565 Total comprehensive income 8,335 20,565 Earnings per share for profit attributable to the ordinary equity holders of the parent company: Basic earnings per share, EUR 20 0.36 0.88 Diluted earnings per share, EUR 20 0.36 0.87 The consolidated statement of comprehensive income should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 103 Consolidated balance sheet EUR thousand Note 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023 ASSETS Non-current assets Property, plant and equipment 12 111,540 97,508 Forest assets 13 3,915 3,599 Right-of-use assets 14 34,043 26,159 Intangible assets 15 1,036 1,308 Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 21 14 960 Other receivables 17 10 11 Deferred tax assets 11 37 88 Total non-current assets 150,595 129,634 Current assets Inventories 16 49,227 37,544 Trade receivables 21 23,835 23,365 Other receivables 17 9,536 10,427 Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 21 11,513 10,625 Income tax receivables 11 74 1,839 Deposits 21 - 20,000 Cash and cash equivalents 21 31,823 35,771 Total current assets 126,008 139,571 Assets held for sale 447 - TOTAL ASSETS 277,050 269,205 EUR thousand Note 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023 EQUITY AND LIABILITIES Equity Share capital 19 1,512 1,512 Legal reserve 19 16 16 Reserve for invested unrestricted equity 19 73,843 73,843 Treasury shares 19 -3 -3 Cumulative translation difference 19 192 144 Retained earnings 65,240 51,487 Profit (loss) for the period 8,288 20,230 Total equity attributable to owners of the parent company 149,086 147,229 Total equity 149,086 147,229 Liabilities Non-current liabilities Borrowings 21 24,731 31,310 Lease liabilities 14, 21 29,465 23,857 Other long-term employee benefits 6 3,117 3,124 Other payables 23 14 - Deferred tax liabilities 11 7,162 5,697 Provisions 22 150 150 Total non-current liabilities 64,639 64,138 Current liabilities Borrowings 21 8,041 6,401 Lease liabilities 14, 21 4,024 2,132 Derivative liabilities 21 141 - Advances received 21 983 639 Trade payables 21 29,211 25,411 Trade payables, payment system 21 6,470 7,396 Other payables 23 14,300 15,811 Income tax liabilities 11 65 13 Provisions 22 89 35 Total current liabilities 63,325 57,838 Total liabilities 127,964 121,976 TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 277,050 269,205 The consolidated balance sheet should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 104 Consolidated statement of changes in equity Attributable to owners of the parent company EUR thousand Note Share-capital Legal reserve Reserve for invested unrestricted equity Treasury shares Cumulative translation differences Retained earnings Total equity attributable to owners of the parent company Total equity Equity at 1 Jan 2024 1,512 16 73,843 -3 144 71,717 147,229 147,229 Profit (loss) for the period - - - - - 8,288 8,288 8,288 Other comprehensive income Cumulative translation difference - - - - 47 - 47 47 Total comprehensive income - - - - 47 8,288 8,335 8,335 Transactions with owners: Dividend distribution - - - - - -7,368 -7,368 -7,368 Share-based payments 19 - - - - - 890 890 890 Total transactions with owners - - - - - -6,478 -6,478 -6,478 Equity at 31 Dec 2024 1,512 16 73,843 -3 192 73,527 149,086 149,086 The consolidated statement of changes in equity should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 105 Attributable to owners of the parent company EUR thousand Note Share-capital Legal reserve Reserve for invested unrestricted equity Treasury shares Cumulative translation differences Retained earnings Total equity attributable to owners of the parent company Total equity Equity at 1 Jan 2023 1,512 16 73,843 - -191 60,631 135,811 135,811 Profit (loss) for the period - - - - - 20,230 20,230 20,230 Other comprehensive income Cumulative translation difference - - - - 335 - 335 335 Total comprehensive income - - - - 335 20,230 20,565 20,565 Transactions with owners: Dividend distribution - - - - - -9,895 -9,895 -9,895 Share-based payments 19 - - - - - 751 751 751 Acquisition of treasury shares 19 - -3 - - -3 -3 Total transactions with owners - - - -3 - -9,144 -9,148 -9,148 Equity at 31 Dec 2023 1,512 16 73,843 -3 144 71,717 147,229 147,229 The consolidated statement of changes in equity should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 106 Consolidated statement of cash flows EUR thousand Note 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Cash flow from operating activities Profit (loss) for the period 8,288 20,230 Adjustments: Depreciation, amortisation and impairment 8 11,169 8,607 Change in the fair value of the forest assets 13 -323 -870 Gains and losses from sale of non-current assets 23 -328 Interest and other finance income and costs 10 3,051 337 Income taxes 11 1,684 3,829 Change in other long-term employee benefits -104 -6 Share-based payments 890 751 Other adjustments -4 134 Total adjustments 16,386 12,454 Changes in net working capital: Change in trade and other receivables 17, 21 -184 1,079 Change in trade and other payables 21, 23 1,305 -9,722 Change in inventories 16 -11,656 -3,266 Utilised provisions 22 53 68 Interest received 1,836 1,417 Interest paid -4,389 -4,106 Other financial items received 810 390 Arrangement fees and other finance costs paid -150 -201 Income taxes paid 1,653 -3,408 Net cash flow from operating activities 13,953 14,936 EUR thousand Note 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Cash flow from investing activities Purchases of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets 12, 15 -20,760 -17,067 Proceeds from sale of non-current assets 511 1,023 Payments for financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 21 - -10,000 Proceeds from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss - 9,892 Investments in deposits - -35,000 Repayment of deposits 20,000 15,000 Net cash flow from investing activities -249 -36,152 Cash flow from financing activities Acquisition of treasury shares - -3 Repayment of borrowings 21 -6,639 -4,500 Repayments of lease liabilities 21 -3,657 -3,165 Dividends paid -7,368 -9,895 Net cash flow from financing activities -17,664 -17,563 Net change in cash and cash equivalents -3,960 -38,780 Cash and cash equivalents 35,771 74,527 Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 12 24 Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period 31,823 35,771 The consolidated statement of cash flows should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 107 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 1. General information and basis of preparation General information of the Group Koskisen Corporation (the company, the parent company) together with its consolidated subsidiaries (Koskisen, the Group) is a Finnish public company active in the sawn timber and panel industries where it manufactures a wide range of wooden products such as sawn goods, plywood and chipboard. Koskisen aims to be a sustainable partner with both the forest owners as well as its customers. Koskisen was founded in 1909. Its headquarters is in Järvelä, Finland and it has offices in Finland and Poland. Koskisen has approximately 900 employees. Koskisen Corporation is a Finnish public limited liability company with a corporate identity number 0148241-9, domiciled in Kärkölä, Finland. The registered address is Tehdastie 2, 16600 Järvelä, Finland. The parent company’s / Koskisen Corporation’s shares are listed on the main list of Nasdaq Helsinki Oy from 1 December 2022. The Board of Directors of Koskisen Corporation has approved these consolidated financial statements for issue on 10 April 2025. A copy of the consolidated financial statements is available at the Internet address www.koskisen.com. Basis of preparation Koskisen’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the IFRS accounting standards as adopted by the European Union, and the IFRS accounting standards in force on 31 December 2024 have been complied with when preparing them. The notes to the consolidated financial statements also comply with the requirements under the Finnish accounting and company legislation complementary to the IFRS. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared primarily under the historical cost convention unless otherwise indicated. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, derivative liabilities and forest assets, as well as assets and liabilities regarding benefit-based plans and share-based payments have been measured at fair value. The consolidated financial statements are presented in thousands of euros, which is the functional and presentation currency of the parent company. All amounts disclosed in the consolidated financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest thousand unless otherwise stated, therefore the sum of individual figures may deviate from the presented total figure. New standards and interpretations The new accounting standards, amendments to accounting standards or interpretations adopted on 1 January 2024 did not have a significant impact on the Koskisen consolidated financial statements. The Group has not adopted any new published accounting standards, amendments to accounting standards or interpretations that are not mandatory for financial periods ending 31 December 2024. The IFRS 18 Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements accounting standard will enter into force on 1 January 2027 and replaces the existing IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements. IFRS 18 introduces changes to the structure of the income statement and mandatory subtotals, a requirement to disclose certain management- determined performance measures that are currently reported outside the financial statements, and expanded consolidation and disaggregation criteria that apply to both the main statements and the notes to the financial statements. IFRS 18 does not affect the recognition or measurement of items in the financial statements. Koskisen will assess the impact of the new IFRS 18 standard on the consolidated financial statements during year 2025. Other accounting standards, amendments to accounting standards or interpretations published by the balance sheet date are not expected to have a material impact on the entity in the current or future reporting periods and on foreseeable future transactions. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 108 Foreign currency translation Functional and presentation currency Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the functional currency). The consolidated financial statements are presented in euros, which is the company’s functional and presentation currency. Foreign currency transactions and balances Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. Foreign exchange gains and losses relating to the ordinary course of business, as well as foreign exchange gains and losses relating to financial items are presented in finance costs, net in the statement of comprehensive income. Group companies The results and financial position of foreign operations that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency. Assets and liabilities for each balance sheet presented are translated at the closing rate at the date of that balance sheet. Income and expenses for each statement of comprehensive income are translated at average exchange rates. All resulting exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income. On consolidation, exchange differences arising from the translation of any net investment in foreign entities are recognised in other comprehensive income. When a foreign operation is sold or otherwise disposed of, the associated exchange differences are reclassified to the statement of comprehensive income, as part of the gain or loss on sale. Fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of a foreign operation are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operation and translated at the closing rate. The effects of the Russian war of aggression Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine has kept the demand for birch plywood high relative to supply, supporting the high price level of birch plywood. The impact of the war on the estimates and assumptions presented in financial reporting is based on the management’s best judgement. The liquidation process of OOO Koskiles, Koskisen’s logistics and wood supply company operating in Russia, was completed in November 2023, after which the Group has not had any operations in Russia. Key estimates and management judgement The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS accounting standards requires management to use certain critical estimates and exercise judgement, which have an impact on the amount of assets and liabilities as well as the amount of income and expenses recognised for the financial year presented in these consolidated financial statements. In addition, the management is required to use judgement in the application of the accounting policies. The estimates and judgement are continually evaluated and are based on the management’s best knowledge, historical experience and expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities are presented in the following notes to the consolidated financial statements: Note Key estimates and judgements 13. Forest assets Valuation of forest assets 14. Leases Embedded leases 14. Leases Lease term determination 14. Leases Determination of incremental borrowing rate 22. Provisions Estimation of the amount and timing of the provision Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 109 2. Segment information and revenue Koskisen’s chief operative decision-maker (CODM) is the Board of Directors which monitors the results of the Group and allocates resources to the segments. Koskisen’s operating segments, which also are the Group’s reportable segments, are the Panel Industry and the Sawn Timber Industry. The Board of Directors monitors each segment’s performance on the basis of revenue and EBITDA. Transactions between operating segments are based on arm’s length terms, and they are eliminated on consolidation. The Panel Industry provides tailored high quality panel board solutions to our customers. The Panel Industry revenue comprises sales of plywood, chipboard, thin plywood and veneer as well as optimised van interior solutions. The Sawn Timber Industry provides sawn timber and further-processed products that are produced from high-quality wood raw material. The Sawn Timber Industry revenue comprises sales of sawn timber and further processed timber as well as wood procurement side products for pulp and paper industry and bioenergy for several power plants. Other consists of Kosava-Kiinteistöt Oy, 100% owned subsidiary providing facility management related services to the parent company, as well as some of the Group central functions which are not allocated to the segments. REVENUE BY SEGMENTS 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 EUR thousand External Internal Total External Internal Total Panel Industry 142,433 21 142,454 148,786 9 148,795 Sawn Timber Industry 139,737 27,946 167,683 122,400 24,823 147,223 Segments total 282,171 27,967 310,137 271,186 24,832 296,018 Other 92 780 871 89 577 666 Elimination of internal sales -28,746 -28,746 -25,410 -25,410 Total 282,262 - 282,262 271,275 - 271,275 Koskisen generates revenue mainly from the sale of goods, i.e. sawn timber and panel. Majority of the Koskisen’s revenue is recognised at a point in time when customer obtains control of the goods based on the applicable delivery terms. The payment terms in Koskisen’s customer contracts typically vary between 30 and 60 days, and the contracts do not include significant financing components. The contracts may include variable payments such as cash discounts or other discounts. In 2024 and 2023, Koskisen had no external customers from which revenue recognised would have been over 10% of the Group’s total revenue. REVENUE BY COUNTRIES EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Finland 111,595 111,206 Germany 24,098 20,320 Japan 23,990 21,116 Poland 15,465 11,556 Other EU countries 76,556 75,419 Other countries 30,559 31,658 Total 282,262 271,275 EBITDA BY SEGMENTS EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Panel Industry 17,681 29,282 Sawn Timber Industry 7,205 3,274 Segments total 24,886 32,556 Other -693 3,204 Eliminations - -2,757 Total 24,193 33,003 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 110 RECONCILIATION OF EBITDA TO OPERATING PROFIT (LOSS) EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 EBITDA 24,193 33,003 Depreciation, amortisation and impairments -11,169 -8,607 Operating profit (loss) 13,023 24,396 CONTRACT ASSETS AND LIABILITIES EUR thousand 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023 Contract liabilities1 838 501 ¹ Included in Advances received in the balance sheet Revenue was recognised for the majority of the amount included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period. NON-CURRENT ASSETS BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA EUR thousand 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023 Finland 144,835 126,498 EU countries 5,708 3,032 Other countries 15 16 Total 150,558 129,546 ACCOUNTING POLICY Based on contracts with customers, sales of goods are distinct performance obligations. In addition, Koskisen applies various delivery terms based on Incoterms 2020, which are the official rules for the interpretation of trade terms as issued by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). Control of goods sold transfers at a point in time, typically when the title for the goods or physical possession of the goods has transferred to the customer, the customer has accepted the goods or Koskisen has right to payment. When control of goods has transferred to the customer, but Koskisen still has responsibility to arrange for delivery or insurance, these services are considered as distinct performance obligations, and if material, recognised over time, while the service is being performed. Koskisen considers that the customer is able to benefit from these services by simultaneously receiving and consuming the benefits provided by such a service. The more widely used delivery terms are Carriage and Insurance Paid to (CIP), Carriage Paid to (CPT), Cost, Insurance and Freight paid to (CIF) or Cost and Freight paid to (CFR): with revenue for goods recognised at the point of handing over the goods to a carrier in accordance with relevant term; for Free of Carriage (FCA) sale of goods is recognised at the point of handing the goods over to the buyer’s carrier; and for Delivered at Place (DAP) at the point of delivery to destination. Koskisen recognises revenue from contracts with customer to the amount that it expects to receive from the customer net of any sales taxes. Any variable considerations, such as discounts, included in the customer contract are estimated and included in the revenue only to the extent that it is highly probable that no significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur. The amount of variable consideration is estimated at the end of each reporting period. When a contract contains more than one performance obligation, the consideration included in the contract is allocated to the performance obligations based on stand-alone selling prices. Koskisen does not have significant warranty or return obligations. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 111 Koskisen does not recognise material contract assets arising from contracts with customers, as right to consideration typically meets the definition of trade receivables on initial recognition. Trade receivables are recognised when the control of the goods is transferred to the customer, and the consideration included in the contract is unconditional except for the passage of time. In Koskisen’s customer contracts the period between the transfer of the goods or services to the customers and the receipt of payment is less than 12 months. Koskisen has elected to use the practical expedient not to adjust revenue for the effect of financing components. Any advance payments received from the customers are recognised on the balance sheet (contract liability). For any sales commissions paid, Koskisen applies a practical expedient mentioned by IFRS 15, and recognises the cost as an expense when incurred as the amortisation period of the related assets would have been one year or less. 3. Financial risk and capital management Financial risks are divided into credit risk covering business-related credit risk and financial credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk covering foreign exchange risk and interest rate risk. These financial risks are managed by the Koskisen Group Finance department in accordance with the Koskisen Treasury Policy. Koskisen Treasury Policy is approved by the Board of Directors of Koskisen Corporation. The objective for treasury activities is to guarantee sufficient funding at all times and to identify, evaluate and manage financial risks. Credit risk Credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents, deposits, investments measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVPL), favourable derivative financial instruments as well as trade receivables. The Group’s credit risks or counterparty risks are realised when the customer or other counterparty is unable to fulfil its commitments to the Group. Regarding trade receivables, Koskisen applies the expected credit loss model to assess impairment loss for the doubtful trade receivables since the trade receivables do not contain a significant financing component. To measure the lifetime expected credit losses, trade receivables have been grouped based on aging category and measured based on historical loss rates adjusted by forward looking estimates and individual assessment. Trade receivables is written off as impaired when receivership or bankruptcy is confirmed or when it is otherwise obvious that the customer will be unable to meet its payment obligations. Changes in impairment loss for doubtful trade receivables are recognised under other operating costs in the statement of comprehensive income. According to the principles of credit management, the quality of receivables is assessed on the basis of customer-specific analysis. Credit risks related to customers are managed by credit insurance, advance payment terms and/or by expecting bank guarantees or confirmed letters of credit for customer payments. Koskisen is also exposed to counterparty risks related to financial institutions, through the significant amounts of liquid funds deposited with financial institutions, in the form of financial investments and in derivatives. Financial investments are made only with counterparties with high creditworthiness. While cash and cash equivalents and deposits are also subject to the impairment requirements of IFRS 9, the identified impairment loss was immaterial. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 112 LOSS ALLOWANCE EUR thousand Not due Under 30 days 30–60 days 61–90 days Over 90 days Total 31 Dec 2024 Expected loss rate 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 3.3% 6.8% Trade receivables, gross 18,821 4,648 120 11 264 23,863 Loss allowance -8 -2 -0 -0 -18 -28 Trade receivables, net 18,813 4,646 119 10 246 23,835 EUR thousand Not due Under 30 days 30–60 days 61–90 days Over 90 days Total 31 Dec 2023 Expected loss rate 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 1.6% 100.0% Trade receivables, gross 18,750 4,464 160 5 85 23,464 Loss allowance -11 -3 -0 -0 -85 -99 Trade receivables, net 18,739 4,462 159 5 - 23,365 LOSS ALLOWANCE RECONCILIATION EUR thousand 2024 2023 Opening loss allowance at 1 Jan 99 30 Increase in loss allowance recognised in the statement of comprehensive income during the financial year 28 99 Receivables written off during the financial year as uncollectible - -20 Unused amount reversed -99 -10 Closing loss allowance at 31 Dec 28 99 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 113 Liquidity risk Cash flow from operations is the principal source of Koskisen’s financing. External funding, as well as cash and financial investments, are managed centrally by Koskisen Group Finance according to the Koskisen Treasury Policy. Financial investments are made mainly in short-term instruments to ensure continuous liquidity. Koskisen ensures sufficient liquidity at all times by efficient cash management and by maintaining sufficient available committed and uncommitted credit lines that are available until 2027. Refinancing risk is managed by having a sufficiently long loan portfolio. The Group’s existing credit facilities include committed revolving credit facility totalling to EUR 8.0 million as at 31 December 2024 (31 December 2023: EUR 8.0 million). At the end of 2024, the funding of Koskisen was guaranteed by existing committed credit facilities, cash and financial investments. The Group had cash and cash equivalents totalling EUR 31.8 million as at 31 December 2024 (31 December 2023: EUR 35.8 million). Binding revolving credit facilities and long-term loans include financial covenants, which are described below in the capital management section. MATURITIES OF FINANCIAL LIABILITIES EUR thousand 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030– Total contractual cash flows Carrying amount 31 Dec 2024 Loans from financial institutions 9,521 12,334 5,670 3,426 2,633 2,815 36,399 32,772 Lease liabilities 6,347 4,763 4,494 4,369 3,840 23,389 47,202 33,489 Derivative liabilities 141 - - - - - 141 141 Trade payables 29,211 - - - - - 29,211 29,211 Trade payables, payment system1 6,639 - - - - - 6,639 6,470 Total 51,859 17,097 10,164 7,795 6,473 26,204 119,592 102,084 EUR thousand 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029– Total contractual cash flows Carrying amount 31 Dec 2023 Loans from financial institutions 7,877 9,237 13,993 3,246 3,180 5,086 42,619 37,711 Lease liabilities 4,979 3,523 2,848 2,565 2,458 23,472 39,846 25,989 Trade payables 25,411 - - - - - 25,411 25,411 Trade payables, payment system1 7,437 - - - - - 7,437 7,396 Total 45,704 12,759 16,841 5,811 5,639 28,559 115,312 96,507 ¹ Trade payables under the payment system are payable on demand, so the company reports them as short-term debt. Accumulated interest and interest for the 45 days notice period have been added to the contractual cash flows of these. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 114 Market risk Commodity price risk Prices of panel board and sawn wood products as well as timber used as raw material fluctuates based on international market conditions, exposing Koskisen revenue and profitability to negative fluctuations. Koskisen hedges against electricity price risk fluctuations by entering partly in fixed price contracts. For the purchases between 1 to 12 months forward, the range of the price fixing is between 65% to 90%, for the following 13 to 24 months, the range of the price fixing is between 35% to 75%, for the following 25 to 36 months, the range of the price fixing is between 10% to 50%, and for the following 37 to 48 months, the range of the price fixing is between 0% to 25%. Koskisen’s principle is to keep the degree of hedging within these ranges. The Group’s aim is to ensure that a sufficiently large proportion of the purchases is protected from fluctuations in the market price. The significant volatility of the electricity prices is an additional risk for production costs and its importance for market competition depends on the realisation of the risk in relation to competitors. Foreign exchange risk Koskisen’s headquarters is in Finland and Koskisen also has a foreign subsidiary in Poland. The Group is exposed to both transaction and translation foreign exchange risks. The Group’s business and results from operations are exposed to changes in exchange rates between the euro, the presentation currency, and other currencies, such as the U.S. dollar (USD) and British pound (GBP). The largest export currency after the euro is the USD, which is used for example as the currency for exports to Japan. The magnitude of foreign exchange exposures changes over time as a function of revenue and costs in different markets, as well as the prevalent currencies used for transactions in those markets. Significant changes in exchange rates may also impact Koskisen’s competitive position and related price pressures through their impact on our competitors. The majority of Koskisen’s revenue and results are in the Group companies’ functional currencies, hence Koskisen’s exposure to risks, other than risks arising from USD, is limited. Additionally, Koskisen is exposed to risks related to liquidity and payment discipline of its customers, which may impact cash flow or lead to credit losses. As shown in the table below, Koskisen is primarily exposed to changes in the EUR/USD exchange rate. The sensitivity of profit or loss to changes in the exchange rates arises mainly from revenue, outstanding trade receivables in USD, and a bank account in USD. Koskisen’s exposure to other foreign exchange movements is not material. To mitigate the impact of changes in exchange rates on Koskisen’s results, Koskisen hedges the foreign exchange exposure by entering into foreign exchange forward contracts. Koskisen’s policy is to fix 100% of the USD denominated sales within the current quarter, 50% in the next quarter and 25% of the third quarter. The nominal amount of the outstanding USD foreign exchange forward contracts was EUR 3,619 thousand on 31 December 2024 (31 December 2023: EUR 2,416 thousand). The Group’s open USD position as well as the derivatives and the sensitivity analysis of the position are presented in the tables below. At the balance sheet date, the open USD position is higher than the average during the financial period. USD exposure EUR thousand 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023 Trade receivables 1,397 752 Cash and cash equivalents 1,673 3,550 Trade payables 48 40 Foreign currency forwards (nominal value) 3,619 2,416 Foreign currency forwards (fair value) -141 55 Impact on post-tax profit EUR thousand 2024 2023 EUR strengthens against US dollar 10% -1,834 -1,589 EUR weakens against US dollar 10% 1,834 1,589 As Koskisen has entities where the functional currency is other than the euro, the shareholders’ equity is exposed to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. Changes in shareholders’ equity caused by movements in foreign exchange rates are shown as currency translation differences in the consolidated financial statements. The Group does not hedge this risk. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 115 Interest rate risk Koskisen borrows money from financial institutions and the interest rates of these loans are based on floating markets rates, which exposes Koskisen to an increase in its financing costs (cash flow interest rate risk). Koskisen hedges its exposure to changes in interest rates with interest rate swaps. These hedges cover 47% (2023: 80%) of the open balance of variable rate loans from the change of the market rates. Their nominal amount is EUR 30.0 million during the periods presented. The interest rate swap agreements are valid until 2025, and accordingly effectively fix interest rates partly to predetermined level. The following sensitivity analysis covers both variable rate loans and the interest rate swap contracts. Impact on post-tax profit EUR thousand 2024 2023 Interest rates – increase by one percentage points¹ -337 -77 Interest rates – decrease by one percentage points¹ 337 77 ¹ Holding all other variables constant Capital management Koskisen aims to manage its capital in a way that supports the profitable growth of operations, and ensures an adequate liquidity and capitalisation of the Group at all times. The target is to maintain a capital structure that contributes to the creation of shareholder value. Management monitors the capital structure with leverage (Net Debt to EBITDA). The assets employed in Koskisen’s business consist principally of net working capital, fixed assets, and financial investments which are funded by equity and net debt. Koskisen aims to maintain low net working capital to ensure a healthy cash flow even when the business is growing and to maintain a high return on assets employed. Koskisen has not defined a specific quantitative target for its capital management or capital structure, but the aim is to ensure strong credit quality to provide for ample access to external funding sources and to support the growth ambitions of the business. Koskisen considers its current capital structure to be a strength, as it allows for capturing potential value creating business opportunities, should such opportunities arise. The key terms of the loans in the Koskisen financing agreement are: • Interest 6 months Euribor • Margin, which varies depending on financial performance • Semi-annual repayments • Covenants: leverage, equity ratio • Termination date of the loan agreement 1 January 2027. The loan was initially recognised at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. The loans in the Koskisen financing agreement include covenant conditions regarding the company’s indebtedness and self-sufficiency. The covenants are calculated from the Group figures and are reported to the financiers four times a year. The table lists the covenants of the loans. The covenants were met throughout the financial period and are expected to be met during the next financial period. 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023 Actual Threshold Actual Threshold Leverage 0.90 3.50 -0.02 3.50 Equity ratio 54.0% 30% 54.8% 30% The Board of Directors of the company has adopted a dividend policy pursuant to which Koskisen aims to pay an attractive dividend in accordance with its strategy, investment requirements, financial position and market outlook. Koskisen aims to pay a dividend equal to no less than one third of its net profit annually. The key terms of the new sawmill financing package loans are: • Interest 6 months Euribor • Fixed margin • Semi-annual repayments • No covenants • The loans mature between the years 2029–2031. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 116 4. Other operating income EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Sale of emission allowances 1,294 2,385 Firewood sales to forest owners 237 263 Grants received 184 294 Lease income 110 93 Gains on disposal of property, plant and equipment 53 484 Compensations received 35 106 Realisation of electricity hedges - 220 Other 109 205 Total 2,022 4,050 Koskisen participates in the European Union emission trading scheme, in which it has received free emission allowances for a defined period. Koskisen was granted 20,416 units of CO2 emission rights for the year 2024 (2023: 20,985 units). The rights in excess of the Group’s needs have been transferred to the following financial period. In 2024, Koskisen returned emission rights totalling 2,277 units (2023: 1,891 units). Koskisen’s CO2 credits as at 31 December 2024 amounted to 23,436 units (31 December 2023: 25,297 units) and their market value was approximately EUR 1,687 thousand (31 December 2023: EUR 2,033 thousand). Koskisen sold emission rights in 2024 amounting to EUR 1,294 thousand (2023: EUR 2,385 thousand). No rights have been purchased (2023: no purchases). ACCOUNTING POLICY Emission rights Koskisen participates in the European Union’s Emissions Trading Scheme aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emission and receives allowances, free of charge, for a defined period to emit a fixed tonnage carbon dioxide. Allowances received are initially and subsequently measured at cost (nominal amount). The related liability is measured at the carrying amount of the allowances. Any emissions exceeding the allowances received is measured at the market value of the excess emissions. Gains arising from the sale of the emission right allowances are recorded in other operating income in the statement of comprehensive income. Government grants Government grants are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that the conditions underlying the grants have been met and that the grant will be received. Government grants to cover expenses incurred are recognised in the statement of comprehensive income proportionally over the periods during which the related expenses are recognised. Government grants related to the acquisition of tangible assets are deducted from the acquisition price of the asset and the net acquisition cost is capitalized in the balance sheet. Government grants received, for which the expenses have not yet been recognised, are recognised as an advance received in the consolidated balance sheet. The grant component for eligible expenses already incurred during the reporting period, for which the grant will be received in subsequent reporting periods, is recognised as grant income in the statement of comprehensive income and as other receivable in the consolidated balance sheet. 5. Materials and services Materials and services comprise purchases of materials and supplies such as logs, coatings, glues, energy for production and other production materials. External services comprise log harvesting, transportation and machinery repair services. EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Purchases of materials and supplies 141,322 122,969 Change in inventories -6,505 -2,363 External services 39,932 36,163 Total 174,749 156,769 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 117 6. Employee benefit expenses Koskisen employed an average of 919 employees in 2024, of which 794 employees were located in Finland and 110 in Poland. In addition, there were some 15 employees working in sales in different countries around the world. Koskisen’s employee benefit expenses are presented in the table below. The remuneration of the members of the Executive Board team, CEO and the members of the Board of Directors is presented in the note 25: Related party transactions. More detailed information on the share-based payments is presented in note 7: Share-based incentive plans. EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Wages and salaries 38,809 37,813 Pension costs – defined contribution plans 6,652 6,157 Social security costs 1,369 1,863 Share-based payments 904 804 Other long-term benefits – service allowance 179 253 Total 47,913 46,890 Other long-term benefits consist of an annual service allowance plan. The cost of the plan is determined based on the advice of qualified actuary who carries out a full valuation of the plan on a regular basis using the projected unit credit method. Under this method, the costs of the plan are charged to the statement of comprehensive income to spread the regular costs over the working lives of the employees. Koskisen presents the service cost relating to defined benefit obligations in employee benefit expenses while the net interest is presented in finance costs. AVERAGE NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Salaried employees 249 243 Workers 671 661 Average number of employees during the period 919 904 ACCOUNTING POLICY Short-term employee benefits are recognised as expenses during the period in which related service is provided. A liability is recognised when the Group has a statutory and constructive obligation relating to employment relationship based on performance received and when an obligation can be measured reliably. Koskisen has only defined contribution pension plans in the jurisdictions it operates. The Group pays contributions to external insurance companies and it does not have a legal or constructive obligation to make additional payments in case the recipient for pension contributions is unable to pay the pension benefits. The contributions are recognised as employee benefit expense in the statement of comprehensive income during the period to which the charge relates to. Annual service allowance Koskisen pays an annual service allowance to its production workers based on the collective agreements. The plan is accounted for as a long-term employee benefit plan according to IAS 19 Employee benefits, with items resulting from remeasurement, which include actuarial gains and losses, are recognised immediately in the consolidated balance sheet for the period through the statement of comprehensive income (profit and loss) when they incur. Expenditures based on previous work performance are recorded as expenses either when the amendment or curtailment of the arrangement takes place, or when the restructuring expenses related to the arrangement or the benefits related to the termination of the employment relationship are recorded, whichever comes first. Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net liability or asset under the defined benefit plan. The Group recognises the changes in the net liability for the service cost in employee benefit expenses and net interest expense or income in finance costs, net. The annual service allowance obligations and the related service costs have been calculated using the projected credit unit method by discounting the estimated future cash flows with the discount rate based on AA euro corporate bond yield curve which reflects the duration of the liability. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 118 7. Share-based incentive plans Share-based incentive plan 2022–2026 In March 2022, the Board of Directors of Koskisen Corporation decided on a share- based incentive programme in place for its key employees for the years 2022 to 2026. The incentive programme consists of three three-year earning periods, which are from 2022 to 2024, from 2023 to 2025 and from 2024 to 2026. Share-based incentive plan 2022–2026 – Performance period 2022–2024 The key employees eligible for the programme, the incentives to be paid, the vesting conditions and targets determined by the company’s Board of Directors were communicated to the persons participating in the arrangement in June 2022. The key employees eligible for the programme (six individuals) can receive a maximum of 138,000 company shares (gross amount) if the terms of the programme are met. During 2024, Koskisen Corporation included a new participant in the plan, raising the number of eligible employees to seven (7), and the maximum number of company shares that can be received to 156 000 (gross amount). The vesting conditions and the targets relate to meeting certain key figures (EBITDA and return on invested capital) and work obligation. The earned shares are given to the key employees after the vesting period ends. From the total number of shares, Koskisen withholds the withholding tax corresponding to the income tax liability of the key employee and pays it to the tax authorities. The arrangement has a net settlement feature of tax obligations and is classified as an equity-settled share-based transaction in its entirety. The arrangement is treated as an equity-settled share-based transaction. Share-based incentive plan 2022–2026 – Performance period 2023–2025 In April 2023, the company’s Board of Directors resolved on the criteria and targets as well as the key employees eligible for the incentive programme for the second earning period. The members of the Group Executive Board, a total of seven people, are currently entitled to participate in the long-term share-based incentive programme. The potential receipt and amount of the reward is based on the accumulated adjusted EBITDA from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2025 and the person’s continued employment with the company. During the second earning period of the incentive programme, the key employees eligible for the incentive programme may earn a maximum of 215,000 shares (gross amount). The earned shares are given to the key employees after the vesting period ends. From the total number of shares, Koskisen withholds the withholding tax corresponding to the income tax liability of the key employee and pays it to the tax authorities. The arrangement has a net settlement feature of tax obligations and is classified as an equity-settled share-based transaction in its entirety. The arrangement is treated as an equity-settled share-based transaction. Share-based incentive plan 2022–2026 – Performance period 2024–2026 In May 2024, the company’s Board of Directors resolved on the criteria and targets as well as the key employees eligible for the incentive programme for the third earning period. The members of the Group Executive Board, a total of eight people, are currently entitled to participate in the long-term share-based incentive programme. The company’s Board of Directors decided in June to add new participants to the 2024– 2026 earning period, after which the maximum number of participants will be 25. The potential receipt and amount of the reward is based, in alignment with the growth strategy, on increase in net sales and the accumulated adjusted EBITDA from 1 January 2024 to 31 December 2026, and the person’s continued employment with the company. During the third earning period of the incentive programme, the key employees eligible for the incentive programme may earn a maximum of 331,000 company shares (gross amount). The earned shares are given to the key employees after the vesting period. From the total number of shares, Koskisen withholds the withholding tax corresponding to the income tax liability of the key employee and pays it to the tax authorities. The arrangement has a net settlement feature of tax obligations and is classified as an equity-settled share-based transaction in its entirety. The arrangement is treated as an equity-settled share-based transaction. Incentive plan related to the Initial public offering In June 2022, Koskisen established a share-based incentive plan for key management. The Board of Directors has determined the employees eligible for the programme, the incentives to be paid, and the vesting conditions and targets. The programme includes two individuals who, if the conditions are met, can receive a maximum of 45,000 company shares. The earning criteria and goals are related to the listing and work obligation. The first part is paid two months after the listing and the second part 12 months after the first part is paid. The reward is paid half in shares and half in cash, which is determined by the value of the share at the time of payment. The arrangement is treated partly as an equity-settled and partly as a cash-settled share- based transaction. The first part was paid in full in February 2023. The second part was paid in full in February 2024. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 119 Share-based incentive plan 2022–2026 Incentive plan related to the initial public offering Total Performance period 2022–20241 Performance period 2023–2025 Performance period 2024–2026 Instalment 21 Total / Weighted average Maximum amount, pcs2 156,000 215,000 331,000 27,000 729,000 Initial allocation date 1 Jul 2022 30 Apr 2023 27 May 2024 6 Oct 2022 Estimated vesting date 30 Apr 2025 30 Apr 2026 30 Apr 2027 28 Feb 2024 Maximum contractual life, years 2.8 3.0 2.9 1.4 2.5 Remaining contractual life, years 0.3 1.3 2.3 0 1.0 Number of persons at the end of reporting year 7 7 23 0 Payment method Equity and cash (net settlement) Equity and cash (net settlement) Equity and cash (net settlement) Equity and cash ¹ Maximum amounts of the Share-based incentive plan 2022–2026 Performance Period 2022–2024 and Incentive plan related to the initial offering are adjusted by the share split carried out in November 2022. ² The amounts are presented in gross terms, i.e. the share reward figures include both the reward paid in share and a number of shares corresponding to the amount of the reward paid in cash. Share-based incentive plan 2022–2026 Incentive plan related to the initial public offering Changes during the period Performance period 2022–20241 Performance period 2023–2025 Performance period 2024–2026 Instalment 21 Total 1 Jan 2024 Outstanding in the beginning of the period 138,000 215,000 - 27,000 380,000 Changes during period Granted during period 14,040 - 325,125 - 339,165 Exercised during period - - - 27,000 27,000 31 Dec 2024 Granted shares to which the right has not yet arisen 152,040 215,000 325,125 - 692,165 ¹ Granted amounts of the Share-based incentive 2022–2026 Performance Period 2022–2024 and Incentive plan related to the initial public offering are adjusted by the share split carried out in November 2022. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 120 Fair value determination The fair value of share-based incentives have been determined at grant date and the fair value is expensed until vesting. The pricing of the share-based incentives granted during the period was determined by the following inputs and had the following effect: VALUATION PARAMETERS FOR INSTRUMENTS GRANTED DURING THE PERIOD Share-based incentive plan 2022–2026 Instrument Performance period 2022–2024 Performance period 2024–20261 Estimated market price of the share at the time of issuance, EUR 7.18 7.54 Maturity, years 0.7 2.8 Risk-free rate, % -% 2.88% Expected dividends, EUR - 0.71 The fair value of the benefit per share at the time of grant, EUR 7.18 6.86 Share price at reporting period end, EUR 6.96 6.96 ¹ The fair value and the parameters used to determine the fair value are presented as average. EFFECT ON THE RESULT AND FINANCIAL POSITION EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 Expenses for the financial year, share-based payments 639 Expenses for the financial year, share-based payments, equity- settled 625 Liabilities arising from share-based payments 31 Dec 2024 - Estimated amount to be transferred to the tax authority to settle the employee’s tax obligation within the ongoing share-based incentive plans, 31 Dec 2024 1,010 Share issue directed to personnel In September 2022, Koskisen carried out a directed share issue to its employees, in which all employees working in a permanent employment relationship could participate. The subscription price of the shares issued as part of the personnel offering (115,018) was lower than the fair value of the shares. The subsequent sale of the subscribed shares is limited and the shares are subject to an obligation to work for a period that ends with a separate decision of the Board of Directors, when two years have passed since the approval of the share subscriptions or when at least six months have passed since the listing, whichever occurs later. The share restrictions ended and the shares were vested on 29 September 2024. Instrument Share issue directed to personnel 20221 Maximum amount, pcs 260,000 Initial exercise price 3.00 Dividend adjustment No Initial allocation date 29 Sep 2022 Vesting date 29 Sep 2024 Maximum contractual life, yrs 2 Remaining contractual life, yrs - Number of persons at the end of reporting year - Payment method Shares ¹ The maximum amount of the share issue directed to personnel 2022 was adjusted by the share split carried out in November 2022. Changes during the period Share issue directed to personnel 20221 1 Jan 2024 Outstanding in the beginning of the period 113,932 Changes during period Exercised during period 113,932 31 Dec 2024 Granted shares to which the right has not yet arisen - ¹ The subscribed amounts of the share issue directed to personnel 2022 were adjusted by the share split carried out in November 2022. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 121 EFFECT ON THE RESULT AND FINANCIAL POSITION EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 Expenses for the financial year, share-based payments, equity-settled 265 Liabilities arising from share-based payments 31 Dec 2024 - ACCOUNTING POLICY The Group’s share-based incentive plans are classified as equity-settled or cash- settled share-based transactions. Transactions with the net settlement feature for tax obligations are classified in their entirety as equity-settled share-based transactions. Equity-settled share-based transactions are measured at the grant date fair value. The liabilities for the cash-settled share-based transactions are measured at the fair value on each reporting date. At the end of each reporting period, the company’s management evaluates the probability of the fulfilment of the plan conditions (conditions based on the performance of the service and results), updates the estimate of the number of shares expected to finally vest and makes a corresponding adjustment on the expense recognised. Payments for share-based plans are expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period when the obligation has incurred. The expense is presented in the employee benefit expenses. For the equity-settled plans, a corresponding amount is recognised as an increase in retained earnings, and for the cash- settled plans, a corresponding liability is recognised in other liabilities on the balance sheet. 8. Depreciation, amortisation and impairment EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Property, plant and equipment, depreciation Buildings and structures 2,157 1,503 Machinery and equipment 4,247 3,523 Other property, plant and equipment 415 358 Total 6,818 5,385 Right-of-use assets, depreciation Power plants 1,659 1,589 Machinery and equipment 1,760 1,191 Buildings 310 138 Land and water areas 45 49 Total 3,773 2,967 Intangible assets, depreciation Software 346 220 Total 346 220 Impairment Machinery and equipment - 35 Assets held for sale 232 - Total 232 35 Depreciation, amortisation and impairment total 11,169 8,607 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 122 ACCOUNTING POLICY Depreciation and amortisation is recognised in the statement of comprehensive income on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets. Right-of-use assets are depreciated over the shorter of the asset’s useful life and the lease term. If Koskisen is reasonably certain on exercising a purchase option, the right-of-use asset is depreciated over its useful life. 9. Other operating expenses Other operating expenses comprise, for example, costs related to sales freight, forwarding and chipping, expenses for property maintenance and IT expenses. EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Sales freight and forwarding 24,127 22,237 IT expenses 4,169 3,954 Maintenance of property 3,793 3,528 Consulting and administrative services 1,963 1,431 Administrative expenses 1,794 1,595 Personnel related expenses 1,722 1,972 Travel expenses 1,067 1,003 Lease expenses 885 809 Sales commissions 664 656 Marketing expenses 603 732 Research and development expenses 301 540 Other expenses1 1,816 1,998 Total 42,904 40,455 ¹ Other expenses include, for example, expenses related to machines, equipment and vehicles, as well as losses on disposal of fixed assets Fees paid to the auditor of the Group performing the statutory audit for the years presented in the consolidated financial statements appointed by the annual general meeting are presented in the table below. AUDITOR REMUNERATION EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Audit 150 100 Tax and legal advisory services - 5 Other services 57 28 Total 207 133 Auditor remuneration includes the fees paid to the auditors of each Group company. ACCOUNTING POLICY Research costs are expensed as incurred in the other operating expenses in the statement of comprehensive income. Development costs are expensed as incurred unless they meet the criteria for internally developed intangible assets, in which case they are capitalised as intangible assets and amortised over their expected useful life. Development costs previously recognised as an expense are not recognised as an asset in a subsequent period. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 123 10. Finance income and costs EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Finance income Interest income 1,414 2,299 Foreign exchange gains 769 606 Gains on capital redemption contracts 754 879 Gains on interest rate derivatives 611 625 Gains on foreign currency derivatives 89 162 Other finance income 1 3 Total 3,638 4,573 Finance costs Interest expenses from lease liabilities¹ -2,617 -934 Foreign exchange losses -2,209 -2,079 Interest expenses from borrowings -615 -554 Losses on interest rate derivatives -593 -961 Losses on foreign currency derivatives -450 -175 Other finance expenses -206 -206 Total -6,689 -4,910 Finance income and costs total -3,051 -337 ¹ Interest expenses from borrowings are capitalised fully for the sawmill investment for the period 1 January – 30 June 2023. 11. Income tax Income tax expense comprises current income tax based on the taxable income for the period and deferred tax expense. INCOME TAX EXPENSE EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Current tax on result for the period -203 -1,612 Adjustments for current tax of prior periods 35 -208 Total current income tax expense -168 -1,819 Change in deferred tax assets 1,447 -281 Change in deferred tax liabilities -2,964 -1,729 Total deferred tax expense -1,517 -2,009 Income tax expense -1,684 -3,829 The difference between income taxes at the statutory tax rate in Finland (20%) and income taxes recognised in the statement of comprehensive income is reconciled as follows: RECONCILIATION OF THE EFFECTIVE TAX RATE EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Profit (loss) before taxes 9,972 24,059 Tax calculated at Finnish tax rate 20% -1,994 -4,812 Effect of foreign tax rates 5 1 Effect of expenses not deductible for tax purposes -407 -223 Utilisation of non-deductible net interest expenses from previous reporting periods 511 1,398 Effect of non-taxable income 165 15 Adjustment in respect to prior years 35 -208 Income tax expense -1,684 -3,829 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 124 DEFERRED TAX ASSETS AND LIABILITIES EUR thousand At 1 Jan Recognised in profit or loss Translation differences At 31 Dec 2024 Deferred tax assets Leases 5,198 1,500 0 6,698 Other long-term employee benefits 625 -1 623 Intangible assets 66 -29 37 Provisions 37 11 48 Credit loss provision 20 -14 0 6 Other items 90 -19 1 71 Total 6,035 1,447 1 7,484 Netting of deferred taxes -5,947 -7,447 Total 88 37 Deferred tax liabilities Accumulated depreciation differences 5,827 1,230 7,057 Rental contracts 4,318 1,638 5,957 Borrowings 833 24 857 Tangible assets 338 65 403 Derivatives 314 -12 303 Other items 14 19 33 Total 11,645 2,964 - 14,609 Netting of deferred taxes -5,947 -7,447 Total 5,697 7,162 Deferred tax liabilities, net 5,610 7,126 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 125 EUR thousand At 1 Jan Recognised in profit or loss Reclassifications Translation differences At 31 Dec 2023 Deferred tax assets Leases 5,462 -264 0 5,198 Other long-term employee benefits 604 21 625 Intangible assets - -31 97 66 Provisions 20 17 37 Credit loss provision 6 13 0 20 Other items 219 -36 -97 4 90 Total 6,311 -281 - 5 6,035 Netting of deferred taxes -6,182 -5,947 Total 129 88 Deferred tax liabilities Accumulated depreciation differences 4,280 1,547 5,827 Rental contracts 4,540 -222 4,318 Borrowings 626 207 833 Tangible assets - 174 164 338 Intangible assets 164 -164 - Derivatives 306 9 314 Other items - 14 14 Total 9,916 1,729 - - 11,645 Netting of deferred taxes -6,182 -5,947 Total 3,734 5,697 Deferred tax liabilities, net 3,605 5,610 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 126 ACCOUNTING POLICY Income tax The income tax expense or credit for the period is the tax payable on the current period’s taxable income, based on the applicable income tax rate for each jurisdiction, adjusted by changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary differences and to unused tax losses. Tax is recognised in the statement of comprehensive income, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively. The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation and considers whether it is probable that a taxation authority will accept an uncertain tax treatment. The Group measures its tax balances either based on the most likely amount or the expected value, depending on which method provides a better prediction of the resolution of the uncertainty. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. Deferred tax Deferred income tax is recognised on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled. Deferred tax assets are recognised only if it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilise those temporary differences and losses. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset where there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and where the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity or different taxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 127 12. Property, plant and equipment EUR thousand Land Buildings and structures Machinery and equipment Other tangible assets Advance payments and construction in progress Total Cost at 1 Jan 2024 2,714 82,158 102,648 7,446 18,004 212,970 Translation differences 2 31 15 1 2 51 Additions 12 1,870 6,283 24 13,981 22,169 Disposals - -1,121 -7,468 -677 -140 -9,406 Reclassifications - 828 15,399 31 -16,272 -13 Reclassification to assets held for sale - - -3,536 - - -3,536 Cost at 31 Dec 2024 2,727 83,766 113,342 6,825 15,576 222,235 Accumulated depreciation and impairment at 1 Jan 2024 - -40,130 -71,096 -4,235 - -115,462 Translation differences - -7 -4 -1 - -12 Depreciation - -2,157 -4,247 -415 - -6,818 Accumulated depreciation of disposals and reclassifications - 1,120 7,062 609 - 8,790 Reclassification to assets held for sale - - 2,807 - 2,807 Accumulated depreciation and impairment at 31 Dec 2024 - -41,174 -65,479 -4,042 - -110,695 Carrying value at 1 Jan 2024 2,714 42,028 31,551 3,211 18,004 97,508 Carrying value at 31 Dec 2024 2,727 42,591 47,863 2,783 15,576 111,540 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 128 EUR thousand Land Buildings and structures Machinery and equipment Other tangible assets Advance payments and construction in progress Total Cost at 1 Jan 2023 2,734 61,241 95,078 6,061 26,741 191,855 Translation differences 8 144 16 5 8 182 Additions 33 7,648 8,604 120 15,303 31,708 Disposals -61 -1,613 -3,738 -825 -4 -6,241 Reclassifications - 14,738 2,688 2,085 -24,044 -4,533 Cost at 31 Dec 2023 2,714 82,158 102,648 7,446 18,004 212,970 Accumulated depreciation and impairment at 1 Jan 2023 - -39,870 -71,297 -4,412 - -115,579 Translation differences - -28 21 -3 - -10 Depreciation - -1,503 -3,523 -358 - -5,385 Accumulated depreciation of disposals and reclassifications - 1,272 3,738 538 - 5,548 Impairment - - -35 - - -35 Accumulated depreciation and impairment at 31 Dec 2023 - -40,130 -71,096 -4,235 - -115,462 Carrying value at 1 Jan 2023 2,734 21,370 23,781 1,650 26,741 76,275 Carrying value at 31 Dec 2023 2,714 42,028 31,551 3,211 18,004 97,508 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 129 Other tangible assets comprise amongst others a stormwater system and district heating network as well as, amongst others, constructions of roads, parking and warehouse areas and an art collection. The increases during the financial period amounted to EUR 22.2 (31.7) million. These were mainly related to the construction of the the new log yard. At the end of the financial period advance payments and work in progress included EUR 13.1 million related to the construction of new log yard. In addition there was investments during the financial period related to the channel dryer, the renewal of the second planing mill, and the new sawmill, among others. The additions during 2023 were mainly related to the new sawmill in Järvelä. Other significant investments during the financial period were a spindleless lathe, and a solar power plant in Järvelä. During the financial year, EUR 0.4 (1.3) million in financial expenses were capitalised regarding loans for the new sawmill. ACCOUNTING POLICY Land is recognised in property, plant and equipment at cost. Other property, plant and equipment is recognised at cost less accumulated depreciation and any impairment. Cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items. Financial costs of loans used to finance the construction of assets are capitalised as part of the cost of tangible fixed assets over the construction period when the conditions for capitalisation are met. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset. The estimated useful economic lives of property, plant and equipment are • Buildings and structures 10–50 years • Machinery and equipment5–15 years • Other tangible assets5–10 years The residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period. An asset’s carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset’s carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount. Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount. These are included in the statement of comprehensive income Impairment Non-financial assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. The assets are tested at the cash generating unit (CGU) level, which is represents the lowest level for which there are separately identifiable cash inflows which are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets. Non-financial assets that suffered an impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at the end of each reporting period. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 130 13. Forest assets Koskisen owns 764 hectares of forest land in Southern Finland at the end of the financial period. The value of the forest assets, i.e. standing trees, is EUR 3.9 million as at 31 December 2024 (31 December 2023: EUR 3.6 million). EUR thousand 2024 2023 Carrying value, at Jan 1 3,599 2,731 Gain (loss) arising from changes in fair value 505 870 Decreases due to harvest -141 - Decreases due to sales -48 -2 Carrying value, at Dec 31 3,915 3,599 Koskisen uses forest certification and all of its own forests are certified by the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC). PEFC sets requirements for the monitoring of certified wood raw materials and wood products in supply chains. In addition, the certification requires safeguarding the diversity of forests, maintaining the health and growth of forests and the use of the forests for recreational use. ACCOUNTING POLICY The forest land is divided into the forest assets, i.e. standing trees, and land. Forest assets are recognised at fair value less cost to sell. Land is recognised at cost and presented in property plant and equipment. The fair value of forest assets is calculated using the sum value method, in which the values of the soil base, saplings and standing trees are valuated separately and the total value is adjusted based on the special characteristics of the forests. The fair value of forest assets is classified as level 3 in the fair value hierarchy due to the use of the unobservable inputs, for example wood growth. Changes in the fair value of the forest assets is recognised in the operating profit (loss) in the statement of comprehensive income. Key estimates and judgements Valuation of forest assets The valuation of forest assets is a complicated process and requires several management estimates and judgement on assumptions that have a significant impact on the value of the forest assets presented on the balance sheet. Factors requiring management estimates include estimates on wood growth, analysing the appropriateness of harvesting and stumpage prices and management review of the valuation related data provided by third-party service providers. Stumpage prices used in the calculations are based on prices from third-party valuation service providers and have been compared to Finnish statistical database prices. 14. Leases Koskisen’s lease contracts comprise leases of real estates, including offices, apartments, warehouses and land areas, production machinery and equipment, cars and leases of other machinery and equipment, such as IT equipment. The lease terms are fixed or valid until further notice and may include extension or termination options. The lease contracts may include index clauses, which are typically based on the consumer price index. These are not included in the measurement of lease liability until they realise. In addition, Koskisen has entered into an agreement for heat energy supply which includes a lease contract for power plants. Koskisen has right to receive substantially all the economic benefits from the use of the power plants. The agreement includes an option based on which at the end of the 15 years agreement period, or in case of a breaching event, Koskisen has the right, or obligation if the other party requires, to redeem the power plants for itself or for a third party. Due to restructuring the lease agreement during 2022, Koskisen received a payment of EUR 3.0 million which was recognised as decrease to the right-of-use assets. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 131 The balance sheet shows the following amounts relating to leases: EUR thousand 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023 Right-of-use assets Power plants 17,965 18,751 Machinery and equipment 14,584 6,891 Buildings 1,284 289 Land and water areas 209 229 Total 34,043 26,159 Lease liabilities Non-current 29,465 23,857 Current 4,024 2,132 Total 33,489 25,989 EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Additions to the right-of-use assets during the financial year 10,649 1,636 The statement of comprehensive income shows the following amounts relating to leases: EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Depreciation charge of right-of-use assets Power plants 1,659 1,589 Machinery and equipment 1,760 1,191 Buildings 310 138 Land and water areas 45 49 Total 3,773 2,967 Interest expense 2,209 2,079 EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Expense relating to short-term leases1 26 8 Expense relating to leases of low value assets that are not short-term leases1 223 361 ¹ Included in other operating expenses EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 The total cash flow for leases in the financial year 5,618 5,607 The maturity of the lease liabilities is presented in note 3: Financial risk and capital management. ACCOUNTING POLICY At the contract inception, Koskisen assesses whether the arrangement is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Koskisen recognises a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability at contract commencement for leases where it is a lessor. The contract commencement date is the date on which the asset is available for use by the lessee. Koskisen measures the lease liability at the commencement by discounting the future lease payments to their present value. The lease payments include fixed payments, variable lease payments based on an index or a rate, residual value guarantees, which are expected to be payable by Koskisen and the exercise price of a purchase option, if Koskisen is reasonably certain to exercise the option. Penalties for terminating the lease are included in the lease liability measurement if the lease term reflects that Koskisen will use the termination option. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 132 Koskisen discounts lease payments using the interest rate implicit in the lease. If that rate cannot be readily determined, Koskisen uses the incremental borrowing rate, i.e. the rate that Koskisen would have to pay to borrow over a similar term, and with a similar security to obtain an asset of a similar value to the right-of-use asset in a similar economic environment. Interest expense on lease liabilities is presented in the cash flow from operating activities. After the lease commencement, lease liability is measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Lease liability is remeasured when the lease payments change due to, for example, index change, exercising of the option included in the lease is reassessed or to reflect other lease modifications. Right-of-use assets are measured at cost comprising the initial amount of the lease liability, any lease payments made at or before the contract commencement, any initial direct costs and restoration costs. Right-of-use assets are depreciated using the straight-line method over the shorter of the asset’s useful life and lease term. If Koskisen is reasonably certain to exercise a purchase option, the right-of-use asset is depreciated over the asset’s useful life. Koskisen applies the short-term and low value asset exemptions provided by the standard. Short-term leases are leases with a lease term of 12 months or less. Low value assets include, among others, bicycles and ICT equipment. Lease payments associated with those leases are recognised as an expense on a straight-line basis. Koskisen has minor activities as a lessor by leasing its land areas and apartments. Koskisen classifies all of its leases as operating leases as the leases do not transfer substantially all of the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an underlying assets. Key estimates and judgements Embedded leases Koskisen has agreements for heat energy supply and sawn timber manufacturing for which management has assessed whether the agreements include a lease. When the agreements include an identified asset and Koskisen utilises substantially all of the capacity of the assets and therefore obtains substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the assets, and if Koskisen also has right to direct the use of the asset for a period of time, Koskisen accounts the arrangement as a lease. In arrangements where all lease payments are variable, not dependent on an index or a rate, and are not in-substance fixed, no lease liability or right-of-use asset is recognised in the balance sheet. Lease term determination Koskisen assesses the lease term on a lease-by-lease basis based on the contractual obligations, economic incentives, and nature of the asset. Koskisen’s lease contracts include contracts with fixed lease terms, extension and termination options and contracts that are valid until further notice. If the contract contains a fixed lease term without option to extend or to terminate the lease, the lease term is set based on the fixed lease term. Extension options (or periods after termination options) are only included in the lease term if the lease is reasonably certain to be extended (or not terminated). If the lease term is not stated clearly in the contract, or will continue in perpetuity until further notice, management assesses the enforceable period of the lease based on the contractual terms and reasonable certainty. In case there are no significant penalties involved in contracts where the lease term is not stated clearly or continues until further notice, the Group determines the lease term on a lease-by-lease basis reflecting the Group’s need for the underlying asset and its strategic planning period of five years. The lease term is reassessed if a significant event or change in circumstances occurs. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 133 Incremental borrowing rate determination The incremental borrowing rate is determined based on recent third-party financing agreements as a starting point, adjusted to reflect the lease term, credit risk for leases, the leased asset and changes in financing conditions and operating environment since third-party financing was received. 15. Intangible assets EUR thousand Softwares Advance payments and work in progress Total Cost at Jan 1, 2024 3,622 30 3,652 Translation differences 2 - 2 Additions 48 12 60 Disposals -2,345 - -2,345 Reclassifications 43 -30 13 Cost at Dec 31, 2024 1,369 12 1,382 Accumulated amortisation and impairment at Jan 1, 2024 -2,344 - -2,344 Translation differences -1 -1 Accumulated amortisation of disposals and reclassifications 2,345 - 2,345 Amortisation -346 - -346 Accumulated amortisation and impairment at Dec 31, 2024 -345 - -345 Carrying value at Jan 1, 2024 1,278 30 1,308 Carrying value at Dec 31, 2024 1,024 12 1,036 EUR thousand Softwares Advance payments and work in progress Total Cost at Jan 1, 2023 3,415 290 3,705 Translation differences 6 - 6 Additions 389 30 419 Disposals -662 - -662 Reclassifications 473 -290 183 Cost at Dec 31, 2023 3,622 30 3,652 Accumulated amortisation and impairment at Jan 1, 2023 -2,782 - -2,782 Translation differences -4 -4 Accumulated amortisation of disposals and reclassifications 662 662 Amortisation -220 - -220 Accumulated amortisation and impairment at Dec 31, 2023 -2,344 - -2,344 Carrying value at Jan 1, 2023 633 290 923 Carrying value at Dec 31, 2023 1,278 30 1,308 ACCOUNTING POLICY Software-related costs Software costs are recognised as an asset if Koskisen has control over the underlying asset, at historical cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses. Amortisations are calculated on a straight-line method over the useful economic lives of the assets which is five years. The assets’ useful lives and amortisation methods are reviewed at minimum at the end of each reporting period and adjusted, if appropriate, to reflect changes in the expected economic benefits. The amortisation of intangible assets is commenced when the asset is ready for its intended use. Impairments are presented in note 12: Property, plant and equipment. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 134 16. Inventories EUR thousand 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023 Raw materials 29,060 22,534 Work in progress 4,981 4,824 Finished goods 15,186 10,185 Total 49,227 37,544 Write-downs of slow-moving inventories to net realisable value amounted to EUR 249 thousand in 2024 (2023: EUR 288 thousand). These were recognised as an expense during the financial year and included in changes in inventories in the statement of comprehensive income. The Group reversed EUR 288 thousand of a previous inventory write-down in 2024, based on the Group’s assessment of the net realisable values (2023: EUR 98 thousand). The amount reversed has been included in changes in inventories in the statement of comprehensive income. ACCOUNTING POLICY Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value, the cost being determined by the weighted average cost method. The cost comprises raw materials, direct labour, depreciation and an appropriate proportion of variable and fixed overhead expenditure, the latter being allocated on the basis of normal operating capacity. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. A valuation allowance is made for old, slow-moving inventories based on the management’s best estimate of the expected net realisable value at the end of the reporting period. 17. Other receivables EUR thousand 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023 Non-current assets Other accrued income on expenses 10 11 Total 10 11 Current assets Advances of purchases of logs 4,047 3,731 VAT receivables 3,074 2,090 Sales receivables 779 1,314 Other accrued income on expenses 665 1,625 IT expenses accruals 508 425 Other receivables 464 1,242 Total 9,536 10,427 Other receivables total 9,546 10,439 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 135 18. Assets held for sale EUR thousand 2024 2023 Assets held for sale at Jan 1 Reclassification from Property, plant and equipment 729 - Impairment -232 - Disposals -50 - Assets held for sale at Dec 31 447 - The machines and equipment of the decommissioned old sawmill have been classified as assets held for sale during the period. A sales contract has been made for these, according to which they will be dismantled and transferred to the new owner during years 2024 and 2025, and ownership will be transferred in accordance with the agreed payment schedule. ACCOUNTING POLICY An asset or disposal group is classified as held for sale if its carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use of the asset. For this to be the case, the asset or disposal group must be available for immediate sale in its present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such assets or disposal groups and its sale must be highly probable. These assets, or the assets and liabilities in the disposal group, are presented separately in the consolidated balance sheet and are valued at the lower of its carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. Depreciation is not performed on long-term assets classified as held for sale or being part of a disposal group classified as held for sale. 19. Equity EUR thousand Total number of shares outstanding (pcs) Treasury shares (pcs) Total number of issued shares (pcs) Share capital Reserve for invested unrestricted equity 1 Jan 2023 23,002,659 - 23,002,659 1,512 73,843 Directed share issue without consideration, management1 9,000 - 9,000 - - Acquisition of treasury shares -1,086 1,086 - - - 31 Dec 2023 23,010,573 1,086 23,011,659 1,512 73,843 Directed share issue without consideration, management1 13,500 - 13,500 - - 31 Dec 2024 23,024,073 1,086 23,025,159 1,512 73,843 ¹ Additional information in note 7: Share-based incentive plans Share capital Koskisen Corporation has one series of shares, and all shares are equally entitled to dividends. One share carries one vote at the general meeting. The shares do not have a nominal value. The Koskisen Corporation shares are listed on the Nasdaq Helsinki stock exchange. The shares are included in the book-entry system maintained by Euroclear Finland Ltd. The trading code is KOSKI and the ISIN code is FI4000533005. On 7 February 2023, Koskisen Corporation’s Board of Directors decided on a directed share issue without consideration to the company’s CEO and CFO as part of the remuneration of management pursuant to the authorisation granted by the Extraordinary General Meeting of 31 October 2022. The issued shares were registered in the Trade Register on 16 February 2023. The total number of shares increased to 23,011,659 shares when in total 9,000 new shares were issued to the CEO and CFO. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 136 The value of the first instalment of the remuneration to the CEO for the completion of the IPO corresponds to 12,000 shares, half of which was paid in cash to cover withholding tax. The value of the first instalment of the remuneration to Koskisen’s CFO corresponds to 6,000 shares, half of which was paid in cash to cover withholding tax. The share issue without consideration did not impact the company’s share capital or capital structure. Koskisen Corporation acquired on 5 July 2023 a total of 1,086 shares of Koskisen Corporation in accordance with the terms of the minority shareholders’ agreement with EUR 3.00 per share purchase price. Originally, the shares were subscribed in the personnel offering carried out in September 2022. In accordance with the terms of the minority shareholders’ agreement, ownership of the shares issued in the personnel offering requires a valid employment relationship with the company. After the share acquisition, Koskisen Corporation holds 1,086 treasury shares. On 16 February 2024 Koskisen Corporation’s Board of Directors decided on a free share issue directed to the company’s CEO and CFO as part of management remuneration based on the authorisation given by the annual general meeting on 11 May 2023. The issued shares were registered in the trade register on 28 February 2024. The total number of shares increased to 23,025,159 shares when the CEO and CFO were given 13,500 new shares. The value of the second instalment of the reward related to the completion of the listing to Koskisen’s CEO corresponds to 18,000 shares, half of which was paid in cash to cover the withholding tax. The value of the second instalment of the reward to Koskisen’s CFO corresponds to 9,000 shares, half of which was paid in cash to cover the withholding tax. The share issue without consideration did not impact the company’s share capital or capital structure. Legal reserve The legal reserve comprises the amounts transferred from distributable funds under the articles of association or by decision of the general meeting. Reserve for invested unrestricted equity The subscription prices of new shares, as well as other equity investments, are recognised in the reserve for invested unrestricted equity, unless these are recognised in full or in part in share capital according to a specific decision. Treasury shares The acquisition cost of treasury shares held by the Group is presented in equity as a separate reserve that reduces the unrestricted equity. Translation differences Translation differences arising from the translation of the financial statements of foreign subsidiaries are recognised in the other comprehensive income and accrued in a separate equity reserve. The cumulative amount of translation differences is recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income on the disposal of the net investment. 20. Earnings per share EUR 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Earnings per share Profit (loss) for the period attributable to the owners of the parent company (EUR) 8,287,597 20,230,125 Weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period 23,021,352 23,010,189 Diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period 23,290,168 23,182,729 Basic earnings per share (EUR) 0.36 0.88 Diluted earnings per share (EUR) 0.36 0.87 ACCOUNTING POLICY Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit attributable to owners of the parent company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the financial period. Diluted earnings per share adjusts the figures used in the determination of basic earnings per share to take into consideration the Group’s potential commitment to issue new shares in the future. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 137 21. Financial assets and liabilities FINANCIAL ASSETS AND FINANCIAL LIABILITIES BY CATEGORY EUR thousand Fair value hierarchy level 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023 Financial assets measured at amortised cost Trade receivables - 23,835 23,365 Deposits1 - - 20,000 Cash and cash equivalents - 31,823 35,771 Total financial assets measured at amortised cost 55,658 79,136 Financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss Capital redemption contracts 1 11,236 10,625 Derivatives 2 277 947 Other assets measured at fair value through profit or loss 3 14 14 Total financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss 11,526 11,585 Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost Loans from financial institutions 2 32,772 37,711 Lease liabilities - 33,489 25,989 Trade payables - 29,211 25,411 Trade payables, payment system - 6,470 7,396 Total financial liabilities measured at amortised cost 101,943 96,507 Financial liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss Derivative liabilities 2 141 - Total financial liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss 141 - ¹ Time deposits with a maturity of over three months. The fair value of the loans from financial institutions on 31 December 2024 was EUR 32.8 million (31 December 2023: EUR 37.7 million). The fair value of the loans has been determined by discounting the future cash flows at the estimated market interest rate at the time of reporting. The company has estimated that the contractual interest rate of the loans is reasonably close to the market interest rate and has not made an adjustment to the discount rate at which the fair values are determined, in which case the fair values of the loans correspond to their nominal value. Since the company’s loans from financial institutions have variable interest rates, the rise in market interest rates during the period has been directly reflected in the Group’s interest expenses and has therefore not affected the fair value of the loans. Fair values of loans from financial institutions are classified in level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of derivatives is estimated based on the present value of future cash flows, using market prices on the valuation date, and the fair value of fund investments and capital redemption contracts is estimated on the basis of counterparty quotes. Changes in the fair value of derivatives, fund investments and capital redemption contracts are recognised in financial income and expenses. The most significant part of the changes in the fair value arises from derivatives, and they are mainly due to changes in market interest rates during the reporting period. The Group’s open USD balance position at the time of closing on 31 December 2024 mainly consisted of trade receivables and a bank account, totalling EUR 3.1 million (31 December 2023: EUR 4.3 million). The nominal value of the hedging open futures on the reporting date is EUR 3.6 million (31 December 2023: EUR 2.4 million). The hierarchy levels are as follows: Level 1: The fair value of financial instruments traded in active markets (such as publicly traded derivatives, and equity securities) is based on quoted market prices at the end of the reporting period. The quoted market price used for financial assets held by the Group is the current bid price. These instruments are included in level 1. Level 2: The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market (for example, over-the-counter derivatives) is determined using valuation techniques which maximise the use of observable market data and rely as little as possible on entity-specific estimates. If all significant inputs required to fair value an instrument are observable, the instrument is included in level 2. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 138 Level 3: If one or more of the significant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in level 3. This is the case for unlisted equity securities. RECONCILIATION OF FINANCIAL LIABILITIES EUR thousand Borrowings Lease Total 1 Jan 2023 28,650 27,309 55,959 Cash flows from financing Repayments of borrowings -4,500 -3,165 -7,665 Other changes Exportkredit and Kredex loans1 13,360 - 13,360 New leases - 1,845 1,845 Effect of applying the effective interest rate1 200 - 200 31 Dec 2023 37,711 25,989 63,700 Cash flows from financing Repayments of borrowings -6,625 -3,657 -10,281 Other changes Exportkredit and Kredex loans1 1,713 - 1,713 New leases - 11,157 11,157 Effect of applying the effective interest rate1 -27 - -27 31 Dec 2024 32,772 33,489 66,262 ¹ No cash flow impact Changes in financial liabilities Koskisen has three loans under the financing agreement, a term loan of originally EUR 19.0 million, a term loan of EUR 10.0 million and a standby credit of EUR 8.0 million, which is intended to finance the Group’s general working capital requirements. The loans have been withdrawn in full at the time of the reporting, and they are repaid semi-annually. EUR 7.9 million of the standby credit remains undrawn. The financing agreement is valid for five years until year 2027. The financing agreement includes the usual financial covenant and default terms. Financial covenants are measured every six months on a rolling basis for the past 12 months and are calculated from the Koskisen Group’s financial information. The interest on the loans is tied to the six-month Euribor, and they also have a margin, the level of which depends on the ratio of net debt to EBITDA. A total of EUR 20.1 million in loans have been raised relating to the financing package for the new sawmill. The loans have been withdrawn in full at the time of the reporting and they are repaid semi-annually. The loans will mature between 2029 and 2031. The interest rates on the loans are tied to the six-month Euribor rate and the margins are fixed. Koskisen’s loans from financial institutions expose the Group’s cash flow to interest rate risk. There have been no changes in Koskisen’s interest rate risk hedging policy, but the Group’s management constantly evaluates the amount of open risk and the need for additional hedging. Koskisen has interest rate swaps with a total nominal value of EUR 30 million. The changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps net out the profit effects of the loan’s interest rate changes, protecting the Group from interest rate risk, even though they are not one-to-one with the Group’s financial institution loans. The interest rate swap agreements are valid until 2025. The Group’s exposure to various risks associated with the financial instruments is discussed in the note 3: Financial risk and capital management. The maximum exposure to credit risk at the end of the reporting period is the carrying amount of each class of financial assets mentioned above. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 139 ACCOUNTING POLICY The Group’s financial assets comprise trade receivables, capital redemption contracts, deposits and cash and cash equivalents. Capital redemption contracts are classified as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss and trade receivables, deposits and cash and cash equivalents are classified as financial assets measured at amortised cost, as assets are for collection of contractual cash flows, where those cash flows represent solely payment of principal and interest. Interest income from these financial assets is included in finance income using the effective interest rate method. Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets have expired or have been transferred and the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition is recognised directly in the statement of comprehensive income and presented in other operating expenses. Capital redemption contracts Koskisen has invested in capital redemption contracts. These contracts are measured at fair value through profit or loss as they don’t meet the solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) test under IFRS 9 Financial instruments. Derivatives Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into, and they are subsequently remeasured to their fair value at the end of each reporting period. The Group has entered into interest rate swap contracts and foreign currency forward contracts for hedging purposes, even though hedge accounting, as specified under IFRS, is not applied. The fair value of derivatives is estimated based on the present value of future cash flows using market prices on the measurement date. Trade receivables Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for goods sold or services performed in the ordinary course of business. They are generally due for settlement within 30 days and are therefore all classified as current. Trade receivables are recognised initially at the amount of consideration that is unconditional, unless they contain significant financing components, when they are recognised at fair value. The Group holds the trade receivables with the objective of collecting the contractual cash flows and therefore measures them subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Details on the Group’s impairment policies and the calculation of the loss allowance are provided in note 3: Financial risk and capital management. Due to the short-term nature of the trade receivables, their carrying amount is considered to be the same as their fair value. Deposits Time deposits with a maturity of more than three months are presented in deposits. Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents presented in the balance sheet and cash flow statement consist of cash at bank and in hand. Any utilised credit limits are presented as current liabilities. Credit limits are a part of the liquidity management. Liquidity risk and its management is described in note 3: Financial risk and capital management. Impairment of financial assets For trade receivables and contract assets Koskisen applies the simplified approach permitted by IFRS 9, which requires expected lifetime losses to be recognised from initial recognition of the receivables. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 140 To measure the expected credit losses, trade receivables have been grouped based on ageing category. The expected loss rates are based on the actual performance over the comparison period. The historical loss rates are adjusted to reflect current and forward-looking information on macroeconomic factors affecting the ability of the customers to settle the receivables. The factors considered include, but are not limited to, customers’ previous payment behaviour, available forecasts and their possible impact on the credit rating and payment behaviour of customers, as well as possible securities and credit insurances. Receivables are derecognised as final credit losses when their payment cannot be reasonably expected. Indications that the payment cannot be reasonably expected include unsuccessful collection efforts, bankruptcy notification etc. Credit risk arising from financial assets, management of credit risk and the provision matrix of trade receivables are presented in note 3: Financial risk and capital management. Borrowings Borrowings are initially recognised at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption amount is recognised in the statement of comprehensive income over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method. Fees paid on the establishment of loan facilities are recognised as transaction costs of the loan to the extent that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down. In this case, the fee is deferred until the draw-down occurs. To the extent there is no evidence that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down, the fee is capitalised as a prepayment for liquidity services and amortised over the period of the facility to which it relates. Borrowings are removed from the balance sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired. The difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability that has been extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid, including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed, is recognised in the statement of comprehensive income as other income or finance costs. Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Group has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period. Trade payables Trade payables represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the Group prior to the end of the financial year which are unpaid. The amounts are unsecured and are usually paid within 30 days of recognition. Trade payables are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months after the reporting period. They are recognised initially at their fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. The carrying amount of trade payables is considered to equal their fair value due to their short maturity. Trade payables, payment system Koskisen provides, as part of its wood procurement process, a possibility for the seller to leave the transaction price or part of the transaction price received from the sale of logs in the payment system with Koskisen. A fixed interest rate is offered varying according to the size of the agreement. The length of the agreement varies between one and three years, after which it becomes indefinite unless the timber seller has terminated it 45 days before the end of the agreement. However, the seller has the right to withdraw the funds at any time with a 45 day notice period. These payment system trade payables are recognised initially at their fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Due to the right to withdraw the funds, the payables are presented as current on the balance sheet. The carrying amount of the payment system trade payables is considered to equal their fair value due to their short maturity. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 141 22. Provisions EUR thousand Environmental provisions Others Total 1 Jan 2024 185 - 185 Increase 118 - 118 Used during the year -65 - -65 31 Dec 2024 239 - 239 Non-current 150 - 150 Current 89 - 89 Total 239 - 239 EUR thousand Environmental provisions Others Total 1 Jan 2023 100 20 120 Increase 132 - 132 Used during the year -47 -20 -67 31 Dec 2023 185 - 185 Non-current 150 - 150 Current 35 - 35 Total 185 - 185 Koskisen has a provision to cover costs estimated still to incur from the cleaning of groundwater. As a consequence of the 1976 fire at the sawmill, a significant amount of chlorophenol ended up in groundwater around the factory. The Group has since committed funds to clean the contaminated ground and groundwater. Currently the chlorophenol content has been lowered to low levels, but Koskisen will continue the cleaning and monitoring work for some years to come. The progress of the cleaning and the necessary measures are evaluated annually in cooperation with the environmental authorities and groundwater experts. ACCOUNTING POLICY Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, and the amount can be reliably estimated. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses. Provisions are measured at the present value of management’s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. Provisions are presented as current liabilities if amounts are expected to be settled within 12 months from the end of the reporting period. Otherwise provisions are presented as non-current liabilities. Key estimates and judgements Estimation of the amount and timing of the provision An estimate of the financial impact of a past event requires judgement from the management. Koskisen’s management has estimated that the groundwater cleaning will continue for another about five years. The expected costs have been estimated based on the historical costs and knowledge of similar events. The provision amounts are reviewed regularly and adjusted as necessary to reflect the best estimate at the end of the reporting period. Actual expenses may differ from the estimates. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 142 23. Other payables EUR thousand 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023 Non-current liabilities Accrued employee expenses 14 - Total 14 - Current liabilities Accrued employee expenses 7,869 8,856 Payroll tax liabilities 2,210 1,840 Subcontractor accruals 1,675 2,721 Accruals related to materials and services 925 1,027 Other liabilities 485 471 Interest liabilities 475 106 Property tax liability 179 - Other accrued liabilities 483 791 Total 14,300 15,811 Other liabilities total 14,314 15,811 24. Group structure Subsidiaries belonging to the Group as at 31 December 2024 are presented in the following table: Subsidiary Country of incorporation Group ownership % 31 Dec 2024 Group ownership % 31 Dec 2023 Kosava-Kiinteistöt Oy Finland 100% 100% Koskisen Sp z.o.o Poland 100% 100% ACCOUNTING POLICY Subsidiaries are companies in which the Group has control. The Group has controlling power in a company when, by being part of it, it is exposed to its variable return or is entitled to variable return and it is able to influence this return by using its power over the company to direct its operations. Subsidiaries are combined in the consolidated financial statements in their entirety from the day the Group acquires control over them. The merger is terminated when control ceases. Transactions between Group companies, including internal receivables and payables, income and expenses and unrealised profits, are eliminated. Unrealised losses are also eliminated, unless the transaction gives indications of a decrease in the value of the transferred asset. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 143 25. Related party transactions Koskisen’s related parties consists of the members of Board of Directors, the chief executive officer (CEO), members of the Executive Board and shareholders with significant influence over the company. The related parties also include the close family members of these aforementioned individuals and entities in which these individuals have either control or joint control. COMPENSATION AND REMUNERATION TO THE MEMBERS OF THE EXECUTIVE BOARD AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 CEO Wages and salaries and other short-term employee benefits 447 613 Pension costs – defined contribution plans 133 161 Share-based payments 115 77 Total 694 851 Executive Board Wages and salaries and other short-term employee benefits 1,030 1,087 Pension costs – defined contribution plans 321 186 Share-based payments 57 39 Total 1,408 1,312 Board of Directors Wages and salaries 267 268 Pension costs – defined contribution plans 1 6 Total 267 274 Total remuneration of the management and Board of Directors 2,370 2,437 The CEO may receive a performance bonus amounting to a maximum of 48 per cent of the annual salary. The amount of the performance bonus depends on the annual targets. The CEO’s period of notice is six months, and the severance pay equals six months’ salary. The fixed salary consists of a basic salary and fringe benefits. The CEO has a defined contribution supplementary pension plan, the annual fee of which is an amount equivalent to two months’ fixed salary. Based on the supplementary pension agreement, the CEO may retire at the age of 65. The members of the Executive Board also have a supplementary defined contribution pension plan, the annual fee of which is an amount equivalent to two months’ fixed salary per member of the Executive Board. The statutory pension expense of the CEO and Executive Board for the financial year 2024 amounted to EUR 240 thousand (2023: EUR 278 thousand). The Board of Directors’ fees do not include statutory retirement obligation. During the financial period 2022, Koskisen established share-based incentive plans for its key employees and key management. In addition, some of the members of the Executive Board who are related parties have participated in Koskisen’s personnel offering. More detailed information on the share-based incentive plans is presented in note 7: Share-based incentive plans. SHAREHOLDING OF THE KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL EUR thousand 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023 Board of Directors, CEO and Executive Board Shares (pcs) 6,449,204 6,785,781 Shareholding, % 28% 29% Total number of shares outstanding (pcs) 23,024,073 23,010,573 Additional information about changes in shares in note 19: Equity. On 31 December 2024, the members of the Board of Directors, CEO and Executive Board held altogether 6,449,204 shares. The figures include the holdings of their own, their close family members and control entities. During the financial year, no loans have been granted to the Group’s management. No pledges have been given or other commitments made on behalf of the company’s management and shareholders. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 144 RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Income from sale of property, plant and equipment - 881 Purchases of materials and supplies -88 - Rent expense -3 -4 Total -90 877 During the financial period, the company purchased wood from a member of the Board of Directors belonging to the company’s related parties. During the comparative financial year, the company sold a property with movables and two cars to a member of the Board of Directors belonging to the company’s related parties. 26. Contingent liabilities and commitments EUR thousand 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023 Liabilities for which collaterals have been given Loans from financial institutions 15,500 20,500 Account and guarantee limits in use at the balance sheet date Account limit - - Guarantee limit 83 83 Mortgages Real estate mortgages 307,200 307,200 Company mortgages 181,551 181,551 Guarantees Advance payment, delivery, etc. guarantees 83 83 Koskisen has committed to a total of EUR 9.5 million in payments related to investments. The commitments are mainly related to the investment programme in plywood production which was launched at the end of the year, and the new log yard in Järvelä. Legal disputes As at 31 December 2024, there were no significant on-going legal disputes (31 December 2023: no significant legal disputes). ACCOUNTING POLICY Contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Group. A present obligation is considered as contingent liability when it is not probable that an outflow of resources is required to settle the obligation, or the amount of the obligation cannot be measured with sufficient reliability. 27. Events after the financial period Koskisen Corporation communicated on 10 March 2025 that it has agreed to acquire the business operations of Iisveden Metsä Oy. The transaction will be carried out as a business acquisition, including, with certain limited exceptions, the entire business of Iisveden Metsä, including the factory property located in Suonenjoki with machinery and equipment, as well as inventories. The personnel of Iisveden Metsä, approximately 50 people, will be transferred to Koskisen as “old employees”. The debt-free purchase price of the transaction is EUR 22.5 million and its cash part will be adjusted at the time of the completion of the transaction by a net working capital adjustment, which is not expected to be significant. In addition, Koskisen will pay the seller a maximum earnout of EUR 4 million if the conditions specified for the payment of the earnout, mainly related to sales price of sawn timber, are met during 2025–2027. Iisveden Metsä’s revenue (unaudited) in 2024 was EUR 52.7 million (EUR 52.5 million in 2023, audited) and EBITDA (unaudited) in 2024 was EUR 1.4 million (EUR 0.5 million in 2023, audited). The book value of the balance sheet items to be transferred was approximately EUR 24.9 million (unaudited) at the end of 2024. If completed, the transaction will increase Koskisen’s revenue and EBITDA. The transaction is expected to create synergies in raw material sourcing, especially for birch logs, thus supporting the organic growth and profitability of the Panel Industry. The Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 145 transaction will also have positive effects on the production efficiency and the optimisation of market-specific concepts of Sawn Timber Industry. The completion of the transaction is currently not expected to have an impact on Koskisen’s profit guidance for 2025. The completion of the transaction requires the approval of Finnish and Estonian competition authorities, approval by a qualified majority at the Annual General Meeting of Iisveden Metsä and the fulfilment of certain other ordinary closing conditions. Koskisen expects the transaction to be completed during the first half of 2025. On 21 March 2025, Koskisen Corporation’s Board of Directors decided on a free directed share issue for the payment of share rewards under the company’s long-term performance-based incentive programme for 2022–2026 (earning period 2022–2024). A total of 70,376 new shares were issued free of charge in a directed share issue to seven persons covered by the incentive programme in accordance with the terms of the programme. The rewards paid under the incentive programme to each participating person were paid in shares and cash. The cash component covers the tax costs related to the shares. The total number of shares in Koskisen Corporation after the registration of new shares is 23 095 535 shares. The total of 70,376 shares issued in the free directed share issue were registered in the Finnish Trade Register on 4 April 2025. Koskisen Corporation’s Board of Directors decided on the free directed share issue on the basis of an authorisation granted by the Annual General Meeting on 16 May 2024. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 146 Parent company’s Financial Statements (FAS) Income statement EUR 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 REVENUE 270,998,529.97 260,819,102.99 Change in inventories of finished goods and work in progress 4,928,576.67 978,557.83 Production for own use 437,035.99 222,508.51 Other operating income 3,213,154.91 7,844,343.83 Materials and services Materials, supplies, goods Purchases during the period -138,142,526.88 -121,338,113.32 Change in inventories 5,613,380.42 2,678,027.71 Materials, supplies, goods -132,529,146.46 -118,660,085.61 External services -39,921,664.50 -36,439,331.43 Materials and services -172,450,810.96 -155,099,417.04 Personnel expenses Wages and salaries -36,262,349.23 -35,896,406.51 Pension costs -6,152,072.55 -5,760,441.58 Other social security costs -1,238,773.33 -1,818,530.63 Personnel expenses -43,653,195.11 -43,475,378.72 Depreciation, amortisation and impairment Depreciation and amortisation -6,952,280.49 -5,535,553.10 Impairment on non-current assets – -35,186.90 Depreciation, amortisation and impairment -6,952,280.49 -5,570,740.00 Other operating expenses -46,556,401.81 -43,823,570.21 OPERATING PROFIT (LOSS) 9,964,609.17 21,895,407.19 EUR 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Finance income and expense Income from investments 1,012.50 967.50 Other interest and financial income From group undertakings 83,268.59 111,355.38 From others 2,725,892.28 3,882,186.09 Interest expenses and other financial expenses To group undertakings -26,377.86 -18,571.80 To others -3,916,063.80 -3,115,508.33 Finance income and expense -1,132,268.29 860,428.84 PROFIT (LOSS) BEFORE APPROPRIATIONS AND TAXES 8,832,340.88 22,755,836.03 Appropriations Change in cumulative accelerated depreciation -6,152,034.78 -7,731,772.21 Appropriations -6,152,034.78 -7,731,772.21 Income taxes Taxes for current and prior periods -19,744.59 -1,791,620.48 Income taxes -19,744.59 -1,791,620.48 PROFIT (LOSS) FOR THE PERIOD 2,660,561.51 13,232,443.34 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 147 Balance sheet EUR 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023 ASSETS NON-CURRENT ASSETS Intangible assets Other intangible assets 1,165,438.31 1,582,538.12 Advance payments 12,328.00 29,832.00 Intangible assets 1,177,766.31 1,612,370.12 Tangible assets Land and water areas 6,129,857.97 6,138,146.05 Buildings and structures 39,544,381.20 38,987,993.97 Machinery and equipment 45,897,420.43 30,469,451.67 Other tangible assets 2,711,471.68 3,183,132.02 Advance payments and work in progress 15,407,126.46 17,042,567.61 Tangible assets 109,690,257.74 95,821,291.32 Investments Investments in Group companies 365,736.77 365,736.77 Other shares and equity interests 223,172.42 223,172.42 Other receivables 10,121,212.00 10,060,606.00 Investments 10,710,121.19 10,649,515.19 NON-CURRENT ASSETS 121,578,145.24 108,083,176.63 CURRENT ASSETS Inventories Materials and supplies 27,208,975.91 21,595,595.50 Work in progress 4,911,166.03 4,821,951.03 Finished goods 14,702,979.79 9,863,618.12 Inventories 46,823,121.73 36,281,164.65 EUR 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023 Receivables Non-current receivables Receivables from Group companies 92,000.00 1,340,000.00 Prepayments and accrued income 3,334,178.56 4,243,500.00 Non-current receivables 3,426,178.56 5,583,500.00 Current receivables Trade receivables 22,428,021.77 20,871,270.44 Receivables from Group companies 3,921,631.71 2,820,760.80 Other receivables 7,162,701.26 7,014,646.80 Prepayments and accrued income 2,530,042.07 4,538,602.73 Current receivables 36,042,396.81 35,245,280.77 Receivables 39,468,575.37 40,828,780.77 Cash equivalents Other securities 20,000,000.00 30,000,000.00 Cash equivalents 20,000,000.00 30,000,000.00 Cash and bank 10,854,347.77 25,142,203.64 CURRENT ASSETS 117,146,044.87 132,252,149.06 ASSETS 238,724,190.11 240,335,325.69 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 148 EUR 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023 EQUITY AND LIABILITIES EQUITY Share capital 1,512,000.00 1,512,000.00 Revaluation reserve 60,301.21 70,222.30 Other reserves Legal reserve 16,202.59 16,202.59 Reserve for invested unrestricted equity 58,825,127.65 58,825,127.65 Other reserves 58,841,330.24 58,841,330.24 Retained earnings (loss) 54,759,201.00 48,894,461.02 Profit (loss) for the financial year 2,660,561.51 13,232,443.34 EQUITY 117,833,393.96 122,550,456.90 APPROPRIATIONS Cumulative accelerated depreciation 35,285,264.93 29,133,230.15 APPROPRIATIONS 35,285,264.93 29,133,230.15 STATUTORY PROVISIONS Other statutory provisions 140,674.00 – STATUTORY PROVISIONS 140,674.00 – EUR 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023 LIABILITIES Non-current liabilities Loans from financial institutions 25,732,560.62 32,400,349.48 Liabilities to Group companies 852,480.26 743,115.60 Deferred tax liability 337,096.00 339,576.27 Accruals and deferred income 121,212.00 60,606.00 Non-current liabilities 27,043,348.88 33,543,647.35 Current liabilities Loans from financial institutions 8,249,430.00 6,493,565.50 Advances received 977,840.98 633,691.99 Trade payables 28,848,009.94 24,825,932.36 Liabilities to Group companies 265,658.68 674,036.45 Other liabilities 8,894,432.21 9,494,972.24 Accruals and deferred income 11,186,136.53 12,985,792.75 Current liabilities 58,421,508.34 55,107,991.29 LIABILITIES 85,464,857.22 88,651,638.64 EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 238,724,190.11 240,335,325.69 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 149 Statement of cash flows EUR 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Cash flow from operating activities Profit (loss) for the period 2,660,561.51 13,232,443.34 Adjustments: Depreciation, amortisation and impairment 6,952,280.49 5,570,740.00 Gains and losses of disposals of non-current assets 249,228.83 -242,502.42 Unrealised foreign exchange gains and losses -109,992.09 115,872.89 Financial income and expenses 1,242,260.38 -976,301.73 Appropriations 6,152,034.78 7,731,772.21 Income taxes 19,744.59 1,791,620.48 Operating cash flow before working capital changes 17,166,118.49 27,223,644.77 Working capital changes Increase (-) / decrease (+) in inventories -10,541,957.08 -3,656,585.54 Increase (-) / decrease (+) in non-interest bearing receivables -1,099,029.22 -788,986.12 Increase (+) / decrease (-) in non-interest bearing liabilities 2,129,359.57 -9,385,494.38 Cash flows from operations before financial items and taxes 7,654,491.76 13,392,578.73 Interest paid from operating activities -2,205,011.44 -2,024,996.44 Interest received from operating activities 1,910,011.10 1,510,128.94 Dividends received from operating activities 1,012.50 967.50 Other financial items for operating activities 440,963.64 385,828.81 Income taxes paid 1,397,334.26 -2,846,505.66 Proceeds from repayments of loans 624,000.00 1,040,000.00 Net cash flow from operating activities 9,822,801.82 11,458,001.88 EUR 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Cash flow from investing activities Purchase of tangible and intangible assets -19,754,383.44 -16,653,146.27 Proceeds from sale of tangible and intangible assets 510,645.69 937,671.12 Investments in other investments -60,606.00 -10,060,606.00 Investments in time deposits – -35,000,000.00 Repayment of time deposits 20,000,000.00 15,000,000.00 Net cash flow from investing activities 695,656.25 -45,776,081.15 Cash flow from financing activities Proceeds from non-current borrowings 111,469.84 136,630.39 Repayment of non-current borrowings -6,624,714.90 -4,500,000.00 Purchase of treasury shares – -3,365.90 Proceeds from current borrowings 859,296.72 1,511,899.62 Repayment of current borrowings -1,784,662.24 -1,432,086.44 Dividends paid -7,367,703.36 -9,895,013.37 Net cash flow from financing activities -14,806,313.94 -14,181,935.70 Net change in cash and cash equivalents -4,287,855.87 -48,500,014.97 Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period 35,142,203.64 83,642,218.61 Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period 30,854,347.77 35,142,203.64 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 150 Notes to the financial statements of parent company Basis of preparation Koskisen Corporation’s financial statements for the financial year between 1 January to 31 December 2024, have been prepared in accordance with the provisions of the Finnish Accounting Act and other regulations and provisions regarding the preparation of financial statements valid in Finland. Valuation of inventories Inventories are valued at acquisition cost or, if lower, at probable replacement or disposal cost. The acquisition cost is determined using the weighted average cost method. In addition to direct costs, a part of the indirect costs of acquisition and manufacturing is included in the acquisition cost of the inventory. Valuation of non-current assets Intangible and tangible assets are recognised at acquisition cost less depreciation, amortisation and impairments, and increased by any revaluations. The revaluations are based on an external assessment, and their existence is justified based on the assessment of the company’s management. The deferred tax liabilities arising from the revaluations have been deducted from the revaluation reserve in equity and presented on the balance sheet in the ‘Deferred tax liabilities’. The acquisition cost includes the variable costs resulting from procurement and manufacturing. The depreciation has been calculated on a straight-line basis over the economic lifetime of the intangible and tangible assets. The depreciation starts from the month the asset was commissioned. The impairment is entered if the future income accrued by the asset is permanently below the book value. Depreciation periods are: Other intangible assets5 years Buildings20–50 years Structures10 years Machinery and equipment5–15 years Other tangible assets5–10 years Valuation of financial instruments and derivatives In accordance with section 5:2 of the Accounting Act, financial assets are valued at the acquisition cost or at the lower probable fair market value. Financial liabilities are valued at their nominal value. In accordance with the principles of risk management, the Group may use derivatives as protection from the price risks of goods, interest rates or currency. Pursuant to statement 1963/13.12.2016 of the Accounting Board, the negative fair value of interest and currency derivative contracts at the balance sheet date is recorded in the income statement and as a mandatory provision, as well as the possibly resulting deferred tax in deferred tax receivables. Electricity price fixings are used as protection against the price risk of supply at market prices. The price fixings used hedges 25% to 95% of the electricity supply needed for the operations over the next three years. The fair values of the electricity price fixings are treated as off-balance sheet liabilities to the extent that electricity price fixings can be deemed to meet the preconditions set forth in statement 1963/2016 of the Accounting Board for treatment as an off-balance sheet liability. The electricity price fixings are settled and paid on a monthly basis in accordance with the contracts. The electricity price fixings have been deemed to meet the preconditions for treatment as an off- balance sheet liability. Foreign currency items Receivables and liabilities in foreign currency have been converted into EUR subject to the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. The exchange rate gains or losses arising from the valuation of receivables or liabilities are entered in the profit and loss account as a financial exchange difference. Deferred taxes Deferred tax liabilities or assets have been calculated for temporary differences between taxation and the financial statements on the basis of the tax rate of the next years confirmed at the time of the financial statements. The balance sheet includes the deferred tax liabilities in total as well as the deferred tax assets corresponding with the amount of the estimated probable receivable. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 151 Notes to the income statement Revenue by segments and geographical areas EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Distribution by industry Panel Industry 131,249 138,424 Sawn Timber Industry 139,737 122,384 Other sales 12 11 Total 270,999 260,819 Geographical distribution Finland 108,697 111,111 Japan 23,990 21,116 Poland 17,860 16,147 Germany 16,846 15,961 Other EU countries 73,492 64,959 Other countries 30,114 31,525 Total 270,999 260,819 Other operating income EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Sale of emission allowances 1,294 2,385 Other operating income from subsidiaries 1,203 3,932 Firewood sales to forest owners 237 263 Grants received 184 294 External rental income 110 93 Gains on disposal of property, plant and equipment 53 399 Compensations received 35 106 Other operating income 97 373 Total 3,213 7,844 Other operating expenses EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Sales freight and forwarding -21,807 -20,231 Lease costs -6,581 -5,714 IT expenses -4,138 -3,929 Maintenance of property -3,677 -3,438 Consulting and administrative services -1,735 -1,253 Personnel related expenses -1,587 -1,913 Administrative expenses -1,537 -1,536 Travel expenses -989 -968 Sales commissions -664 -656 Marketing expenses -597 -684 Research and development expenses -292 -535 Other expenses -2,953 -2,968 Total -46,556 -43,824 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 152 Auditor remuneration EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Audit -148 -98 Tax advisory services - -5 Other services -57 -28 Total -205 -131 Average number of employees at parent company during the fiscal year 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Salaried employees 219 215 Workers 575 597 Total 794 812 Salaries and remuneration of management EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Board members and CEO Wages and salaries and other short-term employee benefits -714 -881 Pension costs – defined contribution plans -133 -167 Share-based payments -115 -77 Total -962 -1,125 The CEO has a defined contribution supplementary pension plan, the annual contribution of which is equivalent to two months’ fixed salary. Based on the supplementary pension agreement, the CEO can retire at the age of 65. Income tax EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Taxes for the financial year -39 -1,608 Taxes for prior financial years 20 -184 Total -20 -1,792 Finance income and expense EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Finance income Dividend income from others 1 1 Interest income 1,488 2,391 Foreign exchange gain 552 996 Other finance income 769 606 Total 2,810 3,995 EUR thousand 1 Jan–31 Dec 2024 1 Jan–31 Dec 2023 Finance costs Interest expenses -2,836 -2,051 Foreign exchange loss -547 -1,007 Other finance expenses -560 -76 Total -3,942 -3,134 The exchange rate differences are mainly due to changes in the exchange rates of the US dollar and the Polish zloty. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 153 Notes to balance sheet The acquisition cost, additions, disposals and accumulated depreciation of the fixed assets of the parent company Intangible assets Tangible assets Investments EUR thousand Other long- term expenses Advance payments Land Buildings and structures Machinery and equipment Other tangible assets Advance payments and construction in progress Investments in Group Companies Other shares and equity interests Other receivables Total Cost at 1 Jan 2024 4,750 30 6,138 78,200 101,237 7,359 17,043 366 223 10,061 225,405 Additions 25 12 12 1,783 5,680 - 13,787 - - 61 21,359 Disposals -2,346 - -7 -1,120 -8,379 -677 -140 - - - -12,670 Revaluation - - -12 - - - - - - - -12 Reclassifications 30 -30 - 791 14,492 - -15,282 - - - - Cost at 31 Dec 2024 2,458 12 6,130 79,654 113,030 6,681 15,407 366 223 10,121 234,083 Accumulated depreciation and impairment at 1 Jan 2024 -3,167 - - -39,213 -70,767 -4,175 - - - - -117,323 Accumulated depreciation of disposals and reclassifications 2,346 - - 1,119 7,697 609 - - - - 11,770 Depreciation -472 - - -2,016 -4,061 -403 - - - - -6,952 Accumulated depreciation and impairment at 31 Dec 2024 -1,293 - - -40,110 -67,132 -3,970 - - - - -112,505 Value increases 2,281 2,741 5,022 Carrying value at 1 Jan 2024 1,583 30 6,138 38,988 30,469 3,183 17,043 366 223 10,061 108,083 Carrying value at 31 Dec 2024 1,165 12 6,130 39,544 45,897 2,711 15,407 366 223 10,121 121,578 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 154 Intangible assets Tangible assets Investments EUR thousand Other long- term expenses Advance payments Land Buildings and structures Machinery and equipment Other tangible assets Advance payments and construction in progress Investments in Group Companies Other shares and equity interests Other receivables Total Cost at 1 Jan 2023 4,549 290 6,168 58,842 94,339 5,587 25,306 496 223 - 195,799 Additions 389 30 33 7,299 8,603 120 13,540 - - 10,061 40,076 Disposals -662 - -63 -1,613 -3,544 -429 -4,029 -130 - - -10,469 Reclassifications 473 -290 - 13,672 1,839 2,081 -17,775 - - - - Cost at 31 Dec 2023 4,750 30 6,138 78,200 101,237 7,359 17,043 366 223 10,061 225,405 Accumulated depreciation and impairment at 1 Jan 2023 -3,466 - - -39,098 -70,840 -3,966 - -130 - - -117,501 Accumulated depreciation of disposals and reclassifications 662 - 1,272 3,544 142 130 - - 5,749 Depreciation -363 - - -1,386 -3,436 -351 - - - - -5,536 Impairments - - - -35 - - - - -35 Accumulated depreciation and impairment at 31 Dec 2023 -3,167 - - -39,213 -70,767 -4,175 - - - - -117,323 Value increases 2,293 2,741 5,035 Carrying value at 1 Jan 2023 1,082 290 6,168 19,745 23,499 1,620 25,306 366 223 - 78,298 Carrying value at 31 Dec 2023 1,583 30 6,138 38,988 30,469 3,183 17,043 366 223 10,061 108,083 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 155 Group companies Subsidiary company Registered office Parent company’s ownership 31 Dec 2024 Parent company’s ownership 31 Dec 2023 Kosava-Kiinteistöt Oy Kärkölä, Finland 100% 100% Koskisen Sp z.o.o Warsaw, Poland 100% 100% Receivables from Group companies EUR thousand 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023 Loan receivables: Koskisen Sp z.o.o. 716 1,340 Total 716 1,340 Trade receivables: Koskisen Sp z.o.o. 3,290 2,814 Kosava-Kiinteistöt Oy 8 7 Total 3,298 2,821 All in total 4,014 4,161 Most significant items included in prepayments and accrued income EUR thousand 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023 Non-current prepayments and accrued income Prepaid rent of leasing contracts 3,334 4,244 Total 3,334 4,244 Current prepayments and accrued income Sales receivables 779 1,314 Other accrued income on expenses 632 647 IT expenses accruals 501 425 Other financial items 103 143 Interest receivables 74 496 Tax accrual 19 1,392 Other accrued income 423 121 Total 2,530 4,539 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 156 Changes in equity EUR thousand 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023 Share capital 1 Jan 1,512 1,512 Share capital 31 Dec 1,512 1,512 Revaluation reserve 1 Jan 70 70 Revaluation reserve, reduction -10 - Revaluation reserve 31 Dec 60 70 Legal reserve 1 Jan 16 16 Legal reserve 31 Dec 16 16 Total restricted equity 1,589 1,598 Reserve for invested unrestricted equity 1 Jan 58,825 58,825 Reserve for invested unrestricted equity 31 Dec 58,825 58,825 Retained earnings (loss) 1 Jan 62,127 58,793 Dividend distribution -7,368 -9,895 Acquisition of treasury shares - -3 Retained earnings (loss) 31 Dec 54,759 48,894 Profit (loss) for the financial year 2,661 13,232 Total unrestricted equity 116,245 120,952 Total equity 117,833 122,550 Distributable unrestricted equity EUR thousand 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023 Reserve for invested unrestricted equity 58,825 58,825 Retained earnings (loss) 54,759 48,894 Profit (loss) for the financial year 2,661 13,232 Total 116,245 120,952 Statutory provisions EUR thousand 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023 Negative fair value of derivatives 141 - Total 141 - Debts that mature after more than five years EUR thousand 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023 Loans from financial institutions 2,895 4,323 Total 2,895 4,323 Debts that mature after more than five years will mature by 15 February 2031. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 157 Payables to Group companies The main bank accounts of the Group’s Finnish companies are connected to the Group account arrangement, the main holder of which is Koskisen Corporation. EUR thousand 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023 Liabilities based on the group account arrangement: Kosava-Kiinteistöt Oy 852 741 Total 852 741 Trade payables: Kosava-Kiinteistöt Oy 59 41 Koskisen Sp z.o.o. 204 633 Total 263 674 Accrued expenses: Kosava-Kiinteistöt Oy 2 2 Total 2 2 All in total 1,118 1,417 Most significant items included in accruals and deferred income EUR thousand 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023 Non-current accruals and deferred income Accrued personnel costs 121 61 Total 121 61 Current accruals and deferred income Accrued personnel costs 7,452 8,487 Subcontractor’s accrued expenses 1,675 2,721 Heating energy accruals 925 1,026 Interest accrual 475 106 Income taxes 44 - Other short-term accrued expenses 616 645 Total 11,186 12,986 Deferred tax liability EUR thousand 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023 From value increases 337 340 Total 337 340 Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 158 Notes to statement of cash flows The cash and cash equivalents described in the statement of cash flows include cash, bank receivables that can be converted into cash if necessary, and financial securities with a highly liquid secondary market and with minimum risk of fluctuation in value. In practice, the financial securities included in cash and cash equivalents, which are presented in the balance sheet item Financial securities, are fund investments and time deposits with a deposit period of three months or less. Collaterals, commitments and off- balance sheet arrangements Given collaterals EUR thousand 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023 Liabilities secured by real estate- or business mortgages Loans from financial institutions 15,500 20,500 Account- and guarantee limits (EUR 8 million), of which in use at the balance sheet date: Account limit - - Guarantee limit 83 83 Mortgages Given real estate mortgages 307,200 307,200 Given business mortgages 181,551 181,551 Guarantees Advance payment, delivery, etc. guarantees 83 83 Amounts payable from lease contracts EUR thousand 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023 Payable during following year 2,330 1,479 Payable later 7,112 1,609 Total 9,442 3,088 Residual values of lease contracts Payable during following year 5 2 Payable later 696 - Total 701 2 Other liability commitments The power plants sold to Lahti Energia by Koskisen Corporation, which have since been transferred to the ownership of Loimua Oy, have a repurchase obligation after the end of the contract period in October 2032. The repurchase price is estimated to be approximately EUR 15 million. Koskisen has committed to a total of EUR 9.5 million in payments related to investments. The commitments are mainly related to the investment programme in plywood production which was launched at the end of the year, and the new log yard in Järvelä. Koskisen Corporation’s loan share of Asunto Oy Puumera on 31 December 2024 was EUR 117 thousand (31 December 2023: EUR 132 thousand). Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 159 The audit obligation of real estate investments in the financial statements 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Total Deducted VAT 28 36 16 7 8 93 22 4,842 512 5,564 Annual proportion of deducted VAT 3 4 2 1 1 9 2 484 51 556 Remaining years included in the review period 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Refundable amount of deduction 3 7 5 3 4 56 16 3,873 461 4,427 Derivative contracts and electricity price fixings valid at the balance sheet date EUR thousand 2024 Fair value 2023 Fair value 2024 Nominal value 2023 Nominal value Interest rate swaps due 25 February 2025 53 285 10,000 10,000 due 1 July 2025 94 271 10,000 10,000 due 27 October 2025 130 336 10,000 10,000 Total, interest rate swaps 277 892 30,000 30,000 Deferred tax asset - - Foreign exchange forward contracts EUR-USD, due date 28 March 2024 30 1,606 EUR-USD, due date 28 June 2024 25 810 EUR-USD, due date 28 March 2025 -76 1,963 EUR-USD, due date 31 March 2025 -18 389 EUR-USD, due date 27 June 2025 -46 1,266 Total, foreign exchange forward contracts -141 55 3,619 2,416 Electricity price fixings Due in year 2024 519 1,912 Due in year 2025 -52 11 2,110 557 Due in year 2026 -55 1,898 Due in year 2027 -45 437 Total, electricity price fixings -152 530 4,445 2,469 Timber reserve The company has entered into binding agreements with forest owners regarding future timber procurement (timber reserve). The amount of commitments at the time of closing the accounts is approximately EUR 42.7 million (31 December 2023: EUR 34.8 million). Covenants Loans from financial institutions include covenants. According to financing agreements, lenders can make loans due early, if the covenant conditions are not met. Loans from financial institutions are presented on the balance sheet in accordance with the repayment plans of the financing agreements valid at the time of the financial statements. During the financial year, the covenant conditions are reviewed every three months. The covenants were more than fulfilled in the 2024 fiscal year. Share-based incentives Share-based incentive plan 2022–2026 In March 2022, the Board of Directors of Koskisen Corporation decided on a share- based incentive programme in place for its key employees for the years 2022 to 2026. The incentive programme consists of three three-year earning periods, which are from 2022 to 2024, from 2023 to 2025 and from 2024 to 2026. Share-based incentive plan 2022–2026 – Performance period 2022–2024 The key employees eligible for the programme, the incentives to be paid, the vesting conditions and targets determined by the company’s Board of Directors were communicated to the persons participating in the arrangement in June 2022. The key employees eligible for the programme (six individuals) can receive a maximum of 138,000 company shares (gross amount) if the terms of the programme are met. During 2024, Koskisen Corporation included a new participant in the plan, raising the number Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 160 of eligible employees to seven (7), and the maximum number of company shares that can be received to 156 000 (gross amount). The vesting conditions and the targets relate to meeting certain key figures (EBITDA and return on invested capital) and work obligation. The earned shares are given to the key employees after the vesting period ends. From the total number of shares, Koskisen withholds the withholding tax corresponding to the income tax liability of the key employee and pays it to the tax authorities. The arrangement has a net settlement feature of tax obligations and is classified as an equity-settled share-based transaction in its entirety. The arrangement is treated as an equity-settled share-based transaction. Share-based incentive plan 2022–2026 – Performance period 2023–2025 In April 2023, the company’s Board of Directors resolved on the criteria and targets as well as the key employees eligible for the incentive programme for the second earning period. The members of the Group Executive Board, a total of seven people, are currently entitled to participate in the long-term share-based incentive programme. The potential receipt and amount of the reward is based on the accumulated adjusted EBITDA from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2025 and the person’s continued employment with the company. During the second earning period of the incentive programme, the key employees eligible for the incentive programme may earn a maximum of 215,000 shares (gross amount). The earned shares are given to the key employees after the vesting period ends. From the total number of shares, Koskisen withholds the withholding tax corresponding to the income tax liability of the key employee and pays it to the tax authorities. The arrangement has a net settlement feature of tax obligations and is classified as an equity-settled share-based transaction in its entirety. The arrangement is treated as an equity-settled share-based transaction. Share-based incentive plan 2022–2026 – Performance period 2024–2026 In May 2024, the company’s Board of Directors resolved on the criteria and targets as well as the key employees eligible for the incentive programme for the third earning period. The members of the Group Executive Board, a total of eight people, are currently entitled to participate in the long-term share-based incentive programme. The company’s Board of Directors decided in June to add new participants to the 2024– 2026 earning period, after which the maximum number of participants will be 25. The potential receipt and amount of the reward is based, in alignment with the growth strategy, on increase in net sales and the accumulated adjusted EBITDA from 1 January 2024 to 31 December 2026, and the person’s continued employment with the company. During the third earning period of the incentive programme, the key employees eligible for the incentive programme may earn a maximum of 331,000 company shares (gross amount). The earned shares are given to the key employees after the vesting period. From the total number of shares, Koskisen withholds the withholding tax corresponding to the income tax liability of the key employee and pays it to the tax authorities. The arrangement has a net settlement feature of tax obligations and is classified as an equity-settled share-based transaction in its entirety. The arrangement is treated as an equity-settled share-based transaction. Incentive plan related to the Initial public offering In June 2022, Koskisen established a share-based incentive plan for key management. The Board of Directors has determined the employees eligible for the programme, the incentives to be paid, and the vesting conditions and targets. The programme includes two individuals who, if the conditions are met, can receive a maximum of 45,000 company shares. The earning criteria and goals are related to the listing and work obligation. The first part is paid two months after the listing and the second part 12 months after the first part is paid. The reward is paid half in shares and half in cash, which is determined by the value of the share at the time of payment. The arrangement is treated partly as an equity-settled and partly as a cash-settled share- based transaction. The first part was paid in full in February 2023. The second part was paid in full in February 2024. Share issue directed to personnel In September 2022, Koskisen carried out a directed share issue to its employees, in which all employees working in a permanent employment relationship could participate. The subscription price of the shares issued as part of the personnel offering (115,018) was lower than the fair value of the shares. The subsequent sale of the subscribed shares is limited and the shares are subject to an obligation to work for a period that ends with a separate decision of the Board of Directors, when two years have passed since the approval of the share subscriptions or when at least six months have passed since the listing, whichever occurs later. The share restrictions ended and the shares were vested on 29 September 2024. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 161 Events after the financial period Koskisen Corporation communicated on 10 March 2025 that it has agreed to acquire the business operations of Iisveden Metsä Oy. The transaction will be carried out as a business acquisition, including, with certain limited exceptions, the entire business of Iisveden Metsä, including the factory property located in Suonenjoki with machinery and equipment, as well as inventories. The personnel of Iisveden Metsä, approximately 50 people, will be transferred to Koskisen as “old employees”. The debt-free purchase price of the transaction is EUR 22.5 million and its cash part will be adjusted at the time of the completion of the transaction by a net working capital adjustment, which is not expected to be significant. In addition, Koskisen will pay the seller a maximum earnout of EUR 4 million if the conditions specified for the payment of the earnout, mainly related to sales price of sawn timber, are met during 2025–2027. Iisveden Metsä’s revenue (unaudited) in 2024 was EUR 52.7 million (EUR 52.5 million in 2023, audited) and EBITDA (unaudited) in 2024 was EUR 1.4 million (EUR 0.5 million in 2023, audited). The book value of the balance sheet items to be transferred was approximately EUR 24.9 million (unaudited) at the end of 2024. If completed, the transaction will increase Koskisen’s revenue and EBITDA. The transaction is expected to create synergies in raw material sourcing, especially for birch logs, thus supporting the organic growth and profitability of the Panel Industry. The transaction will also have positive effects on the production efficiency and the optimisation of market-specific concepts of Sawn Timber Industry. The completion of the transaction is currently not expected to have an impact on Koskisen’s profit guidance for 2025. The completion of the transaction requires the approval of Finnish and Estonian competition authorities, approval by a qualified majority at the Annual General Meeting of Iisveden Metsä and the fulfilment of certain other ordinary closing conditions. Koskisen expects the transaction to be completed during the first half of 2025. On 21 March 2025, Koskisen Corporation’s Board of Directors decided on a free directed share issue for the payment of share rewards under the company’s long-term performance-based incentive programme for 2022–2026 (earning period 2022–2024). A total of 70,376 new shares were issued free of charge in a directed share issue to seven persons covered by the incentive programme in accordance with the terms of the programme. The rewards paid under the incentive programme to each participating person were paid in shares and cash. The cash component covers the tax costs related to the shares. The total number of shares in Koskisen Corporation after the registration of new shares is 23 095 535 shares. The total of 70,376 shares issued in the free directed share issue were registered in the Finnish Trade Register on 4 April 2025. Koskisen Corporation’s Board of Directors decided on the free directed share issue on the basis of an authorisation granted by the Annual General Meeting on 16 May 2024. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 162 Signatures of the Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements These financial statements are prepared in accordance with the applicable accounting standards and give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or loss of the Group and of the companies included in its consolidated financial statements. The report of the Board of Directors includes a fair review of the development and performance of the Group and of the companies included in its consolidated accounts, together with a description of the principal risks and uncertainties and the financial position of the Company. The sustainability statements included in the Report of the Board of Directors have been prepared in accordance with the reporting standards referred to in Chapter 7 of the Finnish Accounting Act and Article 8 of the Taxonomy Regulation. In Helsinki on 10 April 2025 Pekka Kuusniemi Kari Koskinen Hanna Masala Kalle Reponen Chairman of the Board Board member Board member Board member Hanna Sievinen Eva Wathén Jukka Pahta Board member Board member CEO The auditor’s note Our auditor’s report has been issued today. In Helsinki on 10 April 2025 PricewaterhouseCoopers Oy Audit firm Markku Launis Authorised Public Accountant (KHT) Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 163 Auditor’s Report (Translation of the Finnish Original) To the Annual General Meeting of Koskisen Oyj Report on the Audit of the Financial Statements Opinion In our opinion • the consolidated financial statements give a true and fair view of the group’s financial position and financial performance and cash flows in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards as adopted by the EU • the financial statements give a true and fair view of the parent company’s financial performance and financial position in accordance with the laws and regulations governing the preparation of the financial statements in Finland and comply with statutory requirements. Our opinion is consistent with the additional report to the Audit Committee. What we have audited We have audited the financial statements of Koskisen Oyj (business identity code 0148241-9) for the year ended 31 December 2024. The financial statements comprise: • consolidated statement of comprehensive income, consolidated balance sheet, consolidated statement of changes in equity, consolidated statement of cash flows and notes, which include material accounting policy information and other explanatory information • the parent company’s balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement and notes. Basis for Opinion We conducted our audit in accordance with good auditing practice in Finland. Our responsibilities under good auditing practice are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements section of our report. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. Independence We are independent of the parent company and of the group companies in accordance with the ethical requirements that are applicable in Finland and are relevant to our audit, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. To the best of our knowledge and belief, the non-audit services that we provided to the parent company and to the group companies are in accordance with the applicable law and regulations in Finland and we have not provided non-audit services that are prohibited under Article 5(1) of Regulation (EU) No 537/2014. The non-audit services that we have provided are disclosed in note 9 Other operating expenses to the Financial Statements. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 164 Our Audit Approach Overview Overall group materiality: EUR 2 800 000, which represents 1% of net sales Audit scope: We have audited parent company Valuation of inventory As part of designing our audit, we determined materiality and assessed the risks of material misstatement in the financial statements. In particular, we considered where management made subjective judgements; for example, in respect of significant accounting estimates that involved making assumptions and considering future events that are inherently uncertain. Materiality The scope of our audit was influenced by our application of materiality. An audit is designed to obtain reasonable assurance whether the financial statements are free from material misstatement. Misstatements may arise due to fraud or error. They are considered material if individually or in aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of the financial statements. Based on our professional judgement, we determined certain quantitative thresholds for materiality, including the overall group materiality for the consolidated financial statements as set out in the table below. These, together with qualitative considerations, helped us to determine the scope of our audit and the nature, timing and extent of our audit procedures and to evaluate the effect of misstatements on the financial statements as a whole. Overall group materiality EUR 2 800 000 How we determined it 1% of net sales Rationale for the materiality benchmark applied We chose net sales as the benchmark because, in our view, the performance of the Group is most commonly measured by using this criteria, and it is a generally accepted benchmark. We chose net sales as the benchmark as we considered that this provides us with a consistent year-on-year basis for determining materiality. How we tailored our group audit scope We tailored the scope of our audit, taking into account the structure of the group, the accounting processes and controls, and the industry in which the group operates. The audit of the consolidated financial statements was focused on the most significant location in Finland, where we performed an audit based on the size of the company and the characteristics of the risks. In other group companies we have performed other audit procedures to mitigate the risk of material misstatements in the consolidated financial statements. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 165 Key Audit Matters Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the financial statements of the current period. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. As in all of our audits, we also addressed the risk of management override of internal controls, including among other matters consideration of whether there was evidence of bias that represented a risk of material misstatement due to fraud. Key audit matter in the audit of the group and parent company How our audit addressed the key audit matter Valuation of inventory Refer to accounting principles and to note 16 in the consolidated financial statements and to the notes of the parent company's financial statements. • Inventory is one of the most significant balance sheet items and amounted to EUR 49,2 million in the consolidated balance sheet and EUR 46,8 million in the parent company’s balance sheet at the balance sheet date. • In consolidated financial statements, inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. In the parent company’s financial statements, inventories are stated at the lower of cost, net realisable value, or probable replacement cost. The cost is determined by the weighted average cost method. The cost comprises raw materials, direct labour, depreciation and an appropriate proportion of variable and fixed overhead expenditure, the latter being allocated on the basis of normal operating capacity. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. • A valuation allowance is made for old, slow-moving inventories based on the managements best estimate of the expected net realisable value at the end of the reporting period. • Valuation of inventories is a key audit matter due to the size of the balance and the level of management judgement involved in the estimation process. • We assessed the compliance of the group’s accounting policies in comparison to applicable accounting framework and performed control testing and test of details to valuation and existence of the inventories. • We tested a sample of inventory items to third party purchase invoices. We also tested management’s calculations on the absorption of relative share of indirect production overheads. • We attended stock takings in selected inventory locations to obtain audit evidence regarding existence of the inventory. During stock takes we assessed the appropriateness of the stock takes and performed independent test counts. • We compared the value of selected finished goods inventory items to the sales prices. There are no significant risks of material misstatement referred to in Article 10(2c) of Regulation (EU) No 537/2014 with respect to the consolidated financial statements or the parent company financial statements. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 166 Responsibilities of the Board of Directors and the Managing Director for the Financial Statements The Board of Directors and the Managing Director are responsible for the preparation of consolidated financial statements that give a true and fair view in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards as adopted by the EU, and of financial statements that give a true and fair view in accordance with the laws and regulations governing the preparation of financial statements in Finland and comply with statutory requirements. The Board of Directors and the Managing Director are also responsible for such internal control as they determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the financial statements, the Board of Directors and the Managing Director are responsible for assessing the parent company’s and the group’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters relating to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting. The financial statements are prepared using the going concern basis of accounting unless there is an intention to liquidate the parent company or the group or to cease operations, or there is no realistic alternative but to do so. Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with good auditing practice will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. As part of an audit in accordance with good auditing practice, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also: • Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. • Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the parent company’s or the group’s internal control. • Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management. • Conclude on the appropriateness of the Board of Directors’ and the Managing Director’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the parent company’s or the group’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the parent company or the group to cease to continue as a going concern. • Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events so that the financial statements give a true and fair view. • Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business activities within the group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 167 We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit. We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards. From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor’s report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication. Other Reporting Requirements Appointment We were first appointed as auditors by the annual general meeting on 26 April 2022. Our appointment represents a total period of uninterrupted engagement of 3 years. Other Information The Board of Directors and the Managing Director are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises in the report of the Board of Directors and the information included in the Annual Report but does not include the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. We have obtained the report of the Board of Directors prior to the date of this auditor’s report and the Annual Report is expected to be made available to us after that date. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information. In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. With respect to the report of the Board of Directors, our responsibility also includes considering whether the report of the Board of Directors has been prepared in compliance with the applicable provisions, excluding the sustainability report information on which there are provisions in Chapter 7 of the Accounting Act and in the sustainability reporting standards. In our opinion, the information in the report of the Board of Directors is consistent with the information in the financial statements and the report of the Board of Directors has been prepared in compliance with the applicable provisions. Our opinion does not cover the sustainability report information on which there are provisions in Chapter 7 of the Accounting Act and in the sustainability reporting standards. If, based on the work we have performed on the other information that we obtained prior to the date of this auditor’s report, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. Helsinki 10 April 2025 PricewaterhouseCoopers Oy Authorised Public Accountants Markku Launis Authorised Public Accountant (KHT) Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 168 Assurance Report on the Sustainability Report (Translation of the Finnish Original) To the Annual General Meeting of Koskisen Oyj We have performed a limited assurance engagement on the group sustainability report of Koskisen Oyj (business identity code 0148241-9) that is referred to in Chapter 7 of the Accounting Act and that is included in the report of the Board of Directors for the reporting period 1.1.–31.12.2024. Opinion Based on the procedures we have performed and the evidence we have obtained, nothing has come to our attention that causes us to believe that the group sustainability report does not comply, in all material respects, with 1 the requirements laid down in Chapter 7 of the Accounting Act and the sustainability reporting standards (ESRS); 2 the requirements laid down in Article 8 of the Regulation (EU) 2020/852 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the establishment of a framework to facilitate sustainable investment, and amending Regulation (EU) 2019/2088 (EU Taxonomy). Point 1 above also contains the process in which Koskisen Oyj has identified the information for reporting in accordance with the sustainability reporting standards (double materiality assessment). Our opinion does not cover the tagging of the group sustainability report in accordance with Chapter 7, Section 22, of the Accounting Act, because sustainability reporting companies have not had the possibility to comply with that requirement in the absence of the ESEF regulation or other European Union legislation. Basis for Opinion We performed the assurance of the group sustainability report as a limited assurance engagement in compliance with good assurance practice in Finland and with the International Standard on Assurance Engagements (ISAE) 3000 (Revised) Assurance Engagements Other than Audits or Reviews of Historical Financial Information. Our responsibilities under this standard are further described in the Responsibilities of the Authorised Group Sustainability Auditor section of our report. We believe that the evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. Authorised Group Sustainability Auditor’s Independence and Quality Management We are independent of the parent company and of the group companies in accordance with the ethical requirements that are applicable in Finland and are relevant to our engagement, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. Our firm applies International Standard on Quality Management ISQM 1, which requires the firm to design, implement and operate a system of quality management including policies or procedures regarding compliance with ethical requirements, professional standards and applicable legal and regulatory requirements. Responsibilities of the Board of Directors and the Managing Director The Board of Directors and the Managing Director of Koskisen Oyj are responsible for: • the group sustainability report and for its preparation and presentation in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 7 of the Accounting Act, including the process that has been defined in the sustainability reporting standards and in which the information for reporting in accordance with the sustainability reporting standards has been identified • the compliance of the group sustainability report with the requirements laid down in Article 8 of the Regulation (EU) 2020/852 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the establishment of a Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 169 framework to facilitate sustainable investment, and amending Regulation (EU) 2019/2088; • such internal control as the Board of Directors and the Managing Director determine is necessary to enable the preparation of a group sustainability report that is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. Inherent Limitations in the Preparation of a Sustainability Report In reporting forward-looking information in accordance with ESRS, management of the Company is required to prepare the forward-looking information on the basis of assumptions that have been disclosed in the sustainability report about events that may occur in the future and possible future actions by the Group. Actual outcomes are likely to be different since anticipated events frequently do not occur as expected. Responsibilities of the Authorised Group Sustainability Auditor Our responsibility is to perform an assurance engagement to obtain limited assurance about whether the group sustainability report is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue a limited assurance report that includes our opinion. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the decisions of users taken on the basis of the group sustainability report. Compliance with the International Standard on Assurance Engagements (ISAE) 3000 (Revised) requires that we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the engagement. We also: • Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the group sustainability report, whether due to fraud or error, and obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the engagement in order to design assurance procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the parent company’s or the group’s internal control. • Design and perform assurance procedures responsive to those risks to obtain evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. Description of the Procedures That Have Been Performed The procedures performed in a limited assurance engagement vary in nature and timing from, and are less in extent than for, a reasonable assurance engagement. The nature, timing and extent of assurance procedures selected depend on professional judgment, including the assessment of risks of material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. Consequently, the level of assurance obtained in a limited assurance engagement is substantially lower than the assurance that would have been obtained had a reasonable assurance engagement been performed. Our procedures included for example the following: • We interviewed the company’s management and the individuals responsible for collecting and reporting the information contained in the group sustainability report at the group level, as well as at different levels and business areas of the organization to gain an understanding of the sustainability reporting process and the related internal controls and information systems. • We familiarised ourselves with the background documentation and records prepared by the company where applicable, and assessed whether they support the information contained in the group sustainability report. • We performed site visits at the company’s head office and site of operation in Finland. • We assessed the company’s double materiality assessment process in relation to the requirements of the ESRS standards, as well as whether the information provided about the assessment process complies with the ESRS standards. • We assessed whether the sustainability information contained in the group sustainability report complies with the ESRS standards. • Regarding the EU taxonomy information, we gained an understanding of the process by which the company has identified the group's taxonomy-eligible and taxonomy-aligned economic activities, and we assessed the compliance of the information provided with the regulations. Helsinki 10.4.2025 PricewaterhouseCoopers Oy Authorised Sustainability Auditors Markku Launis Authorised Sustainability Auditor Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 170 Independent Auditor’s Reasonable Assurance Report on Koskisen Oyj ESEF Financial Statements (Translation of the Finnish Original) To the Management of Koskisen Oyj We have been engaged by the Management of Koskisen Oyj (business identity code 0148241-9) (hereinafter also “the Company”) to perform a reasonable assurance engagement on the Company’s consolidated IFRS financial statements for the financial year 1 January – 31 December 2024 in European Single Electronic Format (“ESEF financial statements”) version 9845000D85046ECFFF27-2024-12-31-fi.zip. Management’s Responsibility for the ESEF Financial Statements The Management of Koskisen Oyj is responsible for preparing the ESEF financial statements so that they comply with the requirements as specified in the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/815 of 17 December 2018 (“ESEF requirements”). This responsibility includes the design, implementation and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation of ESEF financial statements that are free from material noncompliance with the ESEF requirements, whether due to fraud or error. Our Independence and Quality Management We have complied with the independence and other ethical requirements of the International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including International Independence Standards) issued by the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA Code), which is founded on fundamental principles of integrity, objectivity, professional competence and due care, confidentiality and professional behaviour. Our firm applies International Standard on Quality Management 1, which requires the firm to design, implement and operate a system of quality management including policies or procedures regarding compliance with ethical requirements, professional standards and applicable legal and regulatory requirements. Our Responsibility Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the ESEF financial statements based on the procedures we have performed and the evidence we have obtained. We conducted our reasonable assurance engagement in accordance with the International Standard on Assurance Engagements (ISAE) 3000 (Revised) Assurance Engagements Other than Audits or Reviews of Historical Financial Information. That standard requires that we plan and perform this engagement to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the ESEF financial statements are free from material noncompliance with the ESEF requirements. A reasonable assurance engagement in accordance with ISAE 3000 (Revised) involves performing procedures to obtain evidence about the ESEF financial statements compliance with the ESEF requirements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material noncompliance of the ESEF financial statements with the ESEF requirements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, we considered internal control relevant to the Company’s preparation of the ESEF financial statements. We believe that the evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 171 Opinion In our opinion, Koskisen Oyj’s ESEF financial statements for the financial year ended 31 December 2024 comply, in all material respects, with the minimum requirements as set out in the ESEF requirements. Our reasonable assurance report has been prepared in accordance with the terms of our engagement. We do not accept, or assume responsibility to anyone else, except for Koskisen Oyj for our work, for this report, or for the opinion that we have formed. Helsinki 10 April 2025 PricewaterhouseCoopers Oy Authorised Public Accountants Markku Launis Authorised Public Accountant (KHT) Koskisen Corporation Report of the Board of Directors and Financial Statements 2024 | 172 Information for investors Koskisen Corporation’s shares are listed in NasdaqHelsinki Ltd’s Small Cap market capitalization group in the Basic Resources sector under the KOSKI ticker. Financial calendar 2025 Koskisen Corporation will publish financial reports in 2025 as follows:: 9 May 2025 Interim Report for January–March 2025 18 August 2025 Half-Year Report for January–June 2025 15 November 2025 Interim Report for January–September 2025 All financial reports are published in Finnish and in English and they are available after publication at: https://koskisen.fi/en/investors/reports-and- presentations/ Annual General Meeting 2025 The highest decision-making body is Koskisen’s shareholders at general meetings of shareholders, where the shareholders can exercise their right to speak, present questions and vote. Koskisen Corporation’s Annual General Meeting (AGM) 2025 will be held on Thursday, 15 May 2025 in Kärkölä. Dividend policy Koskisen Corporation’s dividend policy aims to pay an attractive dividend, which is at least one third of the net profit annually. The Board of Directors proposes to the Annual General Meeting that a dividend of EUR 0.12 per share is paid for the financial year 2024. Silent period Regularly published financial reviews are preceded by a silent period that starts 30 days before the publication date of the financial review. The company’s representatives do not comment on the company’s financial situation, market or future prospects during the silent period. The silent period ends with the publication of the financial statement bulletin, half-year report or interim report. If an event during the silent period (such as a significant business event) requires immediate disclosure, the company will publish the information without delay in accordance with the regulations and procedures regarding the obligation to disclose insider information and may comment on the event in question after the information is published. Investor calendar Koskisen Corporation’s investor events are available on the company’s website at: https://koskisen.fi/en/ir-calendar Investor relations Karri Louko CFO karri.louko@koskisen.com tel. +358 20 553 4562 Sanna Väisänen Director, Sustainability and Communications sanna.vaisanen@koskisen.com tel. +358 20 553 4563 Tehdastie 2 16600 Järvelä www.koskisen.com