Annual Report • Mar 28, 2008
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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 20-F
| (Mark One) | |
|---|---|
| o | REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| or | |
| þ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| For the fiscal year ended | |
| December 31, 2007 | |
| or | |
| o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Commission file number: 1-10409
InterContinental Hotels Group PLC
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
England and Wales
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
67 Alma Road,
Windsor, Berkshire SL4 3HD
(Address of principal executive offices)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Name of each exchange on which registered |
|---|---|
| American Depositary Shares | New York Stock Exchange |
| Ordinary Shares of | |
| 13 29 / 47 pence each | New York Stock Exchange* |
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Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d)of the Act: None
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuers classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:
Ordinary Shares of 13 29 / 47 pence each 294,623,308
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act: Yes þ No o
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934: Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days: Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer þ Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer o
Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow:
Item 17 o Item 18 þ
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act):
Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
US GAAP o International Reporting Standards as issued by the International Standards Accounting Board Other o
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Introduction | Page — 4 | |
|---|---|---|
| Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking | ||
| Statements | 5 | |
| PART I | ||
| Item 1. | Identity of Directors, Senior Management and | |
| Advisors | 7 | |
| Item 2. | Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable | 7 |
| Item 3. | Key Information | 7 |
| Selected Consolidated Financial Information | 7 | |
| Risk Factors | 11 | |
| Item 4. | Information on the Company | 14 |
| Summary | 14 | |
| Segmental Information | 18 | |
| Hotels | 22 | |
| Soft Drinks | 39 | |
| Trademarks | 39 | |
| Organizational Structure | 39 | |
| Property, Plant and Equipment | 39 | |
| Environment | 40 | |
| Item 4A. | Unresolved Staff Comments | 41 |
| Item 5. | Operating and Financial Review and Prospects | 41 |
| Critical Accounting Policies | 41 | |
| Operating Results | 43 | |
| Liquidity and Capital Resources | 51 | |
| Item 6. | Directors, Senior Management and Employees | 54 |
| Directors and Senior Management | 54 | |
| Compensation | 57 | |
| Board Practices | 58 | |
| Employees | 61 | |
| Share Ownership | 62 | |
| Item 7. | Major Shareholders and Related Party | |
| Transactions | 63 | |
| Major Shareholders | 63 | |
| Related Party Transactions | 63 | |
| Item 8. | Financial Information | 63 |
| Consolidated Statements and Other Financial | ||
| Information | 63 | |
| Significant Changes | 64 | |
| Item 9. | The Offer and Listing | 64 |
| Plan of Distribution | 65 | |
| Selling Shareholders | 65 | |
| Dilution | 65 | |
| Expenses of the Issue | 65 |
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| Item 10. | Additional Information | Page — 65 |
|---|---|---|
| Memorandum and Articles of Association | 65 | |
| Material Contracts | 68 | |
| Exchange Controls | 70 | |
| Taxation | 70 | |
| Documents on Display | 74 | |
| Item 11. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About | |
| Market Risk | 74 | |
| Item 12. | Description of Securities Other Than Equity | |
| Securities | 76 | |
| PART II | ||
| Item 13. | Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and | |
| Delinquencies | 76 | |
| Item 14. | Material Modifications to the Rights of Security | |
| Holders and Use of Proceeds | 76 | |
| Item 15. | Controls and Procedures | 76 |
| Item 16. | [Reserved] | 77 |
| Item 16A. | Audit Committee Financial Expert | 77 |
| Item 16B. | Code of Ethics | 77 |
| Item 16C. | Principal Accountant Fees and Services | 77 |
| Item 16D. | Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit | |
| Committees | 78 | |
| Item 16E. | Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and | |
| Affiliated Purchasers | 78 | |
| PART III | ||
| Item 17. | Financial Statements | 78 |
| Item 18. | Financial Statements | 79 |
| Item 19. | Exhibits | 79 |
/TOC
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INTRODUCTION
As used in this document, except as the context otherwise requires, the terms:
| | board refers to the board of directors of
InterContinental Hotels Group PLC or, where appropriate, the
board of InterContinental Hotels Limited or Six Continents
Limited; |
| --- | --- |
| | Britvic refers to Britannia Soft Drinks Limited for
the period up to November 18, 2005, and thereafter,
Britannia SD Holdings Limited (renamed Britvic plc on
November 21, 2005) which became the holding company of
the Britvic Group on November 18, 2005; |
| | Britvic Group refers to Britvic and its subsidiaries
from time to time; |
| | Company refers to InterContinental Hotels Group PLC,
InterContinental Hotels Limited or Six Continents Limited or
their respective board of directors as the context requires; |
| | Group refers to InterContinental Hotels Group PLC
and its subsidiaries or, where appropriate, InterContinental
Hotels Limited or Six Continents Limited and their subsidiaries
as the context requires; |
| | Hotels or IHG Hotels refers to the
hotels business of the Group; |
| | IHG refers to InterContinental Hotels Group PLC or,
where appropriate, its board of directors; |
| | IHL refers to InterContinental Hotels Limited,
previously InterContinental Hotels Group PLC, former parent
company of the Group and re-registered as a private limited
company on June 27, 2005; |
| | ordinary share or share refers, before
April 14, 2003, to the ordinary shares of 28 pence each in
Six Continents Limited; following that date and until
December 10, 2004 to the ordinary shares of £1 each in
IHL; following that date and until June 27, 2005 to the
ordinary shares of 112 pence each in IHL; following that date
and until June 12, 2006 to the ordinary shares of 10 pence
each in IHG; following that date until June 4, 2007 to the
ordinary shares of
11 3 / 7 pence each in IHG; and following June 4, 2007 to the
ordinary shares of
13 29 / 47 pence each in IHG; |
| | Six Continents refers to Six Continents Limited;
previously Six Continents PLC and re-registered as a private
limited company on June 6, 2005; |
| | Soft Drinks and Britvic business refer
to the soft drinks business of InterContinental Hotels Group
PLC, which the Company had through its controlling interest in
Britvic and which the Company disposed of by way of an initial
public offering effective December 14, 2005; and |
| | VAT refers to UK value added tax levied by HM
Revenue and Customs on certain goods and services. |
References in this document to the Companies Act mean the Companies Act 1985, as amended, of Great Britain; references to the EU mean the European Union; references in this document to UK refer to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
The Company publishes its Consolidated Financial Statements expressed in UK pounds sterling. In this document, references to US dollars, US$, $ or ¢ are to United States (US) currency, references to euro or are to the euro, the currency of the European Economic and Monetary Union, references to pounds sterling, sterling, £, pence or p are to UK currency and references to A$ are to Australian (A) currency. Solely for convenience, this Annual Report on Form 20-F contains translations of certain pound sterling amounts into US dollars at specified rates. These translations should not be construed as representations that the pound sterling amounts actually represent such US dollar amounts or could be converted into US dollars at the rates indicated. Unless otherwise indicated, the translations of pounds sterling into US dollars have been made at the rate of £1.00 = $2.01, the noon buying rate in The City of New York for cable transfers in pounds sterling as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (the Noon Buying Rate) on December 31, 2007. On March 14, 2008 the Noon Buying Rate was £1.00 = $2.03. For information regarding rates of exchange between pounds sterling and US dollars from fiscal 2003 to the present, see Item 3. Key Information Exchange Rates.
The Companys fiscal year ends on December 31. The December 31 fiscal year end is in line with the calendar accounting year ends of the majority of comparable US and European hotel companies. IHG will continue to report
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on a December 31 fiscal year end basis, as the Group believes this facilitates more meaningful comparisons with other key participants in the industry. References in this document to a particular year are to the fiscal year unless otherwise indicated. For example, references to the year ended December 31, 2007 are shown as 2007 and references to the year ended December 31, 2006 are shown as 2006, unless otherwise specified, and references to other fiscal years are shown in a similar manner.
The Companys Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the European Union (EU). IFRS as adopted by the EU differs in certain respects from IFRS as issued by the IASB, however, the differences have no impact on the Companys Consolidated Financial Statements for the years presented.
IHG believes that the reporting of profit and earnings measures before exceptional items provides additional meaningful information on underlying returns and trends to shareholders. The Groups key performance indicators used in budgets, monthly reporting, forecasts, long-term planning and incentive plans for internal financial reporting focus primarily on profit and earnings measures before exceptional items. Throughout this document earnings per share is also calculated excluding the effect of all exceptional operating items, exceptional interest, exceptional tax and gain on disposal of assets and is referred to as adjusted earnings per share.
The Company furnishes JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Depositary, with annual reports containing Consolidated Financial Statements and an independent auditors opinion thereon. These Financial Statements are prepared on the basis of IFRS. The Company also furnishes to the Depositary all notices of shareholders meetings and other reports and communications that are made generally available to shareholders of the Company. The Depositary makes such notices, reports and communications available for inspection by registered holders of ADRs and mails to all registered holders of ADRs notices of shareholders meetings received by the Depositary. During 2007, the Company reported interim financial information at June 30, 2007 in accordance with the Listing Rules of the UK Listing Authority. In addition, it provided quarterly financial information at March 31, 2007 and at September 30, 2007 and intends to continue to provide quarterly financial information during fiscal 2008. The Financial Statements may be found on the Companys website at www.ihg.com.
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Form 20-F contains certain forward-looking statements as defined in Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 with respect to the financial condition, results of operations and business of InterContinental Hotels Group and certain plans and objectives of the Board of Directors of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC with respect thereto. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate only to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements often use words such as anticipate, target, expect, estimate, intend, plan, goal, believe, or other words of similar meaning. These statements are based on assumptions and assessments made by InterContinental Hotels Groups management in light of their experience and their perception of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors they believe to be appropriate.
Such statements in the Form 20-F include, but are not limited to, statements under the following headings; (i) Item 4. Information on the Company; (ii) Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects; (iii) Item 8. Financial Information; and (iv) Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. Specific risks faced by the Company are described under Item 3. Key Information Risk Factors commencing on page 11.
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By their nature, forward-looking statements are inherently predictive, speculative and involve risk and uncertainty. There are a number of factors that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, such forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to: the risks involved with the Groups reliance on the reputation of its brands and protection of its intellectual property rights; the risks relating to identifying, securing and retaining management and franchise agreements; the effect of political and economic developments; the ability to recruit and retain key personnel; events that adversely impact domestic or international travel, including terrorist incidents; the risks involved in the Groups reliance upon its proprietary reservation system and increased competition in reservation infrastructure; the risks involved with the Groups reliance on technologies and systems; the risks of the hotel industry supply and demand cycle; the possible lack of selected development opportunities; risks related to corporate responsibility; the risk of litigation; the risks associated with the Groups ability to maintain adequate insurance; the Groups ability to borrow and satisfy debt covenants; compliance with data privacy regulations; and the risks associated with funding the defined benefits under its pension plans.
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PART I
ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISORS
Not applicable.
ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
Not applicable.
ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Summary
The selected consolidated financial data set forth below for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, 2005 and 2004 has been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the European Union (EU), and is derived from the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Group which have been audited by its independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young LLP. IFRS as adopted by the EU differs in certain respects from IFRS as issued by the IASB, however, the differences have no impact on the Companys Consolidated Financial Statements for the years presented. The selected consolidated financial data set forth below should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
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Consolidated Income Statement Data
| 2007 (1) | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 (2) | 2004 (2) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $ | £ | £ | £ | £ | ||||||
| (in millions, except per share and ADS amounts) | ||||||||||
| Revenue: | ||||||||||
| Continuing operations | 1,771 | 883 | 786 | 697 | 607 | |||||
| Discontinued operations | 79 | 40 | 174 | 1,213 | 1,597 | |||||
| 1,850 | 923 | 960 | 1,910 | 2,204 | ||||||
| Total operating profit before exceptional operating items: | ||||||||||
| Continuing operations | 474 | 237 | 200 | 175 | 125 | |||||
| Discontinued operations | 17 | 8 | 31 | 164 | 221 | |||||
| 491 | 245 | 231 | 339 | 346 | ||||||
| Exceptional operating items: | ||||||||||
| Continuing operations | 60 | 30 | 27 | (15 | ) | (24 | ) | |||
| Discontinued operations | | | | (7 | ) | (25 | ) | |||
| 60 | 30 | 27 | (22 | ) | (49 | ) | ||||
| Total operating profit: | ||||||||||
| Continuing operations | 534 | 267 | 227 | 160 | 101 | |||||
| Discontinued operations | 17 | 8 | 31 | 157 | 196 | |||||
| 551 | 275 | 258 | 317 | 297 | ||||||
| Financial income | 18 | 9 | 26 | 30 | 70 | |||||
| Financial expenses | (108 | ) | (54 | ) | (37 | ) | (63 | ) | (103 | ) |
| Profit before tax | 461 | 230 | 247 | 284 | 264 | |||||
| Tax: | ||||||||||
| On profit before exceptional items | (90 | ) | (45 | ) | (53 | ) | (88 | ) | (56 | ) |
| On exceptional items | | | (6 | ) | | 22 | ||||
| Exceptional tax | 60 | 30 | 100 | 8 | 161 | |||||
| (30 | ) | (15 | ) | 41 | (80 | ) | 127 | |||
| Profit after tax | 431 | 215 | 288 | 204 | 391 | |||||
| Gain on disposal of assets, net of tax | 32 | 16 | 117 | 311 | 19 | |||||
| Profit for the year | 463 | 231 | 405 | 515 | 410 | |||||
| Attributable to: | ||||||||||
| Equity holders of the parent | 463 | 231 | 405 | 496 | 383 | |||||
| Minority equity interest | | | | 19 | 27 | |||||
| Profit for the year | 463 | 231 | 405 | 515 | 410 | |||||
| Earnings per ordinary share: | ||||||||||
| Continuing operations: | ||||||||||
| Basic | 131.3¢ | 65.6p | 69.1p | 21.9p | 36.3p | |||||
| Diluted | 127.7¢ | 63.8p | 67.4p | 21.4p | 35.9p | |||||
| Total operations: | ||||||||||
| Basic | 144.7¢ | 72.2p | 104.1p | 95.2p | 53.9p | |||||
| Diluted | 140.7¢ | 70.2p | 101.5p | 93.1p | 53.3p |
Footnotes on page 9.
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Consolidated Balance Sheet Data
| 2007 (3) | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $ | £ | £ | £ | £ | |
| (in millions) | |||||
| Goodwill and intangible assets | 556 | 277 | 263 | 238 | 206 |
| Property, plant and equipment | 1,934 | 962 | 997 | 1,356 | 1,926 |
| Investments and other financial assets | 253 | 126 | 128 | 155 | 122 |
| Retirement benefit assets | 65 | 32 | | | |
| Current assets | 710 | 353 | 455 | 707 | 598 |
| Non-current assets classified as held for sale | 115 | 57 | 50 | 279 | 1,826 |
| Total assets | 3,633 | 1,807 | 1,893 | 2,735 | 4,678 |
| Current liabilities | 1,226 | 610 | 643 | 794 | 926 |
| Long-term debt | 1,748 | 869 | 303 | 410 | 1,156 |
| Net assets | 98 | 49 | 686 | 1,104 | 1,938 |
| Share capital | 163 | 81 | 66 | 49 | 723 |
| IHG shareholders equity | 92 | 46 | 678 | 1,084 | 1,821 |
| Number of Shares in issue at period end (millions) | 295 | 356 | 433 | 622 |
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| (1) | US dollar amounts have been
translated at the weighted average rate for the year of
£1.00 = $2.01. |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | The year ended 2004 includes Hotels
12 months and Soft Drinks 53 weeks ended
December 25, 2004. The year ended 2005 includes Hotels
12 months and Soft Drinks 50 weeks and three days
ended December 14, 2005. |
| (3) | US dollar amounts have been
translated at the Noon Buying Rate on December 31, 2007 of
£1.00 = $2.01 solely for convenience. |
Dividends
InterContinental Hotels Group PLC paid an interim dividend of 5.7 pence per share on October 5, 2007. The IHG board has proposed a final dividend of 14.9 pence per share, payable on June 6, 2008, if approved by shareholders at the Annual General Meeting to be held on May 30, 2008, bringing the total IHG dividend for the year ended December 31, 2007 to 20.6 pence per share.
The table below sets forth the amounts of interim, final and total dividends on each ordinary share in respect of each fiscal year indicated. Comparative dividends per share have been restated using the aggregate of the weighted average number of shares of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC (as IHL then was) and Six Continents PLC (as Six Continents then was), adjusted to equivalent shares of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC. For the purposes of showing the dollar amounts per ADS, such amounts are translated into US dollars per ADS at the Noon Buying Rate on each of the respective UK payment dates.
Ordinary dividend
| Interim | Final | Total | Interim | Final | Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Period ended December 31, 2003 | |||||||
| Six | |||||||
| Continents (1) | 7.65 | | 7.65 | 0.119 | | 0.119 | |
| IHG | 4.05 | 9.45 | 13.50 | 0.068 | 0.174 | 0.242 | |
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||
| 2004 | 4.30 | 10.00 | 14.30 | 0.077 | 0.191 | 0.268 | |
| 2005 | 4.60 | 10.70 | 15.30 | 0.081 | 0.187 | 0.268 | |
| 2006 | 5.10 | 13.30 | 18.40 | 0.096 | 0.259 | 0.355 | |
| 2007 | 5.70 | 14.90 | 20.60 | 0.115 | 0.292 | (2) | 0.407 |
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| (1) | Restated to reflect an equivalent
number of shares in InterContinental Hotels Group PLC. |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | The 2007 final dividend payable to
ADS holders will be paid in USD and was set using the closing
USD/GBP spot rate of £1.00:$1.96 on February 15, 2008. |
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Special Dividend
| ordinary share | $ per ADS | |
|---|---|---|
| December 2004 | 72.00 | 1.39 |
| June 2006 | 118.00 | 2.17 |
| June 2007 | 200.00 | 4.00 |
Return of Capital
| ordinary share | $ per ADS | |
|---|---|---|
| June 2005 | 165.00 | 2.86 |
Exchange Rates
The following tables show, for the periods and dates indicated, certain information regarding the exchange rate for pounds sterling, based on the Noon Buying Rate for pounds sterling expressed in US dollars per £1.00. The exchange rate on March 14, 2008 was £1.00 = $2.03.
| Months | Months | |
|---|---|---|
| highest | lowest | |
| Month | exchange rate | exchange rate |
| September 2007 | 2.04 | 1.99 |
| October 2007 | 2.08 | 2.03 |
| November 2007 | 2.11 | 2.05 |
| December 2007 | 2.07 | 1.98 |
| January 2008 | 1.99 | 1.95 |
| February 2008 | 1.99 | 1.94 |
| March 2008 (through March 14, 2008) | 2.03 | 1.99 |
| end | rate (1) | High | Low | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Period ended December 31, | ||||
| 2003 | 1.78 | 1.63 | 1.78 | 1.54 |
| Year ended December 31, | ||||
| 2004 | 1.93 | 1.84 | 1.95 | 1.75 |
| 2005 | 1.73 | 1.82 | 1.93 | 1.71 |
| 2006 | 1.96 | 1.84 | 1.97 | 1.74 |
| 2007 | 2.01 | 2.01 | 2.11 | 1.92 |
| 2008 (through March 14, 2008) | 2.03 | 2.00 | 2.03 | 1.94 |
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(1) The average of the Noon Buying Rate on the last day of each full month during the period.
A significant portion of the Groups assets, liabilities and revenues are denominated in currencies other than pounds sterling, principally the US dollar and the euro. For a discussion of the impact of exchange rate movements, see Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
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RISK FACTORS
This section describes some of the risks that could materially affect the Groups business. The factors below should be considered in connection with any financial and forward-looking information in this Form 20-F and the cautionary note regarding forward-looking statements contained on pages 5 and 6.
The risks below are not the only ones that the Group faces. Some risks are not yet known to IHG and some that IHG does not currently believe to be material could later turn out to be material. All of these risks could materially affect the Groups business, revenue, operating profit, earnings, net assets and liquidity and/or capital resources.
The Group is reliant on the reputation of its brands and the protection of its intellectual property rights
Any event that materially damages the reputation of one or more of the Groups brands and/or failure to sustain the appeal of the Groups brands to its customers could have an adverse impact on the value of that brand and subsequent revenues from that brand or business. In addition, the value of the Groups brands is influenced by a number of other factors, some of which may be outside the Groups control, including commoditisation (whereby price/quality becomes relatively more important than brand identifications due, in part, to the increased prevalence of third-party intermediaries), consumer preference and perception, failure by the Group or its franchisees to ensure compliance with the significant regulations applicable to hotel operations (including fire and life safety requirements), or other factors affecting consumers willingness to purchase goods and services, including any factor which adversely affects the reputation of those brands.
In particular, where the Group is unable to enforce adherence to its operating and quality standards, or the significant regulations applicable to hotel operations, pursuant to its management and franchise contracts, there may be further adverse impact upon brand reputation or customer perception and therefore the value of the hotel brands.
Given the importance of brand recognition to the Groups business, the Group has invested considerable effort in protecting its intellectual property, including registration of trademarks and domain names. However, the laws of certain foreign countries in which the Group operates do not protect the Groups proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws in the United States and the European Union. This is particularly relevant in China where, despite recent improvements in intellectual property rights, the relative lack of protection increases the risk that the Group will be unable to prevent infringements of its intellectual property in this key growth market. Any widespread infringement or misappropriation could materially harm the value of the Groups brands and its ability to develop the business.
The Group is exposed to a variety of risks related to identifying, securing and retaining management and franchise agreements
The Groups growth strategy depends on its success in identifying, securing and retaining management and franchise agreements. Competition with other hotel companies may generally reduce the number of suitable management, franchise and investment opportunities offered to the Group and increase the bargaining power of property owners seeking to engage a manager or become a franchisee. The terms of new management or franchise agreements may not be as favourable as current arrangements and the Group may not be able to renew existing arrangements on the same terms.
There can also be no assurance that the Group will be able to identify, retain or add franchisees to the Group system or to secure management contracts. For example, the availability of suitable sites, planning and other local regulations or the availability and affordability of finance may all restrict the supply of suitable hotel development opportunities under franchise or management agreements. There are also risks that significant franchisees or groups of franchisees may have interests that conflict, or are not aligned, with those of the Group including, for example, the unwillingness of franchisees to support brand improvement initiatives. In connection with entering into management or franchise agreements, the Group may be required to make investments in or guarantee the obligations of third parties or guarantee minimum income to third parties.
Changes in legislation or regulatory changes may be implemented that have the effect of favoring franchisees relative to brand owners.
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The Group is exposed to the risks of political and economic developments
The Group is exposed to the risks of global and regional adverse political, economic and financial market developments, including recession, inflation and currency fluctuations that could lower revenues and reduce income. A recession in one country or more widely tends to reduce leisure and business travel to and from affected countries and would adversely affect room rates and/or occupancy levels and other income-generating activities resulting in deterioration of results of operations and potentially reducing the value of properties in affected economies. The owners or potential owners of hotels managed or franchised by one group face similar risks which could adversely affect IHGs ability to secure management or franchise agreements. More specifically, the Group is highly exposed to the US market and, accordingly, is particularly susceptible to adverse changes in the US economy.
Further political or economic factors or regulatory action could effectively prevent the Group from receiving profits from, or selling its investments in, certain countries, or otherwise adversely affect operations. For example, changes to tax rates or legislation in the jurisdictions in which the Group operates could decrease the proportion of profits the Group is entitled to retain, or the Groups interpretation of various tax laws and regulations may prove to be incorrect, resulting in higher than expected tax charges. In addition, fluctuations in currency exchange rates between sterling, the currency in which the Group reports its financial statements, and the US dollar and other currencies in which the Groups international operations or investments do business, could adversely affect the Groups reported earnings and the value of its business. Fluctuations of this type have been experienced over recent years with the significant strengthening of sterling against the US dollar. As the majority of the Groups profits are generated in the United States, such fluctuations may have a significant impact on the Groups reported results.
The Group is dependent upon recruiting and retaining key personnel and developing their skills
In order to develop, support and market its products, the Group must hire and retain highly skilled employees with particular expertise. The implementation of the Groups strategic business plans could be undermined by failure to recruit or retain key personnel, the unexpected loss of key senior employees, failures in the Groups succession planning and incentive plans, or a failure to invest in the development of key skills. Some of the markets in which the Group operates are experiencing rapid economic growth and the Group must compete against a number of companies inside and outside the hospitality industry for suitably qualified or experienced employees. Failure to attract and retain these employees may threaten the success of the Groups operations in these markets. Additionally, unless skills are supported by a sufficient infrastructure to enable knowledge and skills to be passed on, the Group risks losing accumulated knowledge if key employees leave the Group.
The Group is exposed to the risk of events that adversely impact domestic or international travel
The room rates and occupancy levels of the Group could be adversely impacted by events that reduce domestic or international travel, such as actual or threatened acts of terrorism or war, epidemics, travel-related accidents, travel-related industrial action, increased transportation and fuel costs and natural disasters resulting in reduced worldwide travel or other local factors impacting individual hotels. A decrease in the demand for hotel rooms as a result of such events may have an adverse impact on the Groups operations and financial results. In addition, inadequate preparedness, contingency planning or recovery capability in relation to a major incident or crisis may prevent operational continuity and consequently impact the value of the brand or the reputation of the Group.
The Group is reliant upon its proprietary reservation system and is exposed to the risk of failures in the system and increased competition in reservation infrastructure
The value of the brands of the Group is partly derived from the ability to drive reservations through its proprietary HolidexPlus reservation system, an electronic booking and delivery channel directly linked to travel agents, hotels and internet networks. Inadequate disaster recovery arrangements, or inadequate continued investment in this technology, leading to loss of key communications linkages, particularly in relation to HolidexPlus, internet reservation channels and other key parts of the IT infrastructure for a prolonged period, or permanently, may result in significant business interruption and subsequent impact on revenues.
The Group is also exposed to the risk of competition from third-party intermediaries who provide reservation infrastructure. In particular, any significant increase in the use of these reservation channels in preference to
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proprietary channels may impact the Groups ability to control the supply, presentation and price of its room inventory.
The Group is exposed to certain risks in relation to technology and systems
To varying degrees, the Group is reliant upon certain technologies and systems (including IT systems) for the running of its business, particularly those which are highly integrated with business processes. Disruption to those technologies or systems could adversely affect the efficiency of the business, notwithstanding business continuity or disaster recovery processes. The Group may have to make substantial additional investments in new technologies or systems to remain competitive. Failing to keep pace with developments in technologies or systems may put the Group at a competitive disadvantage. The technologies or systems that the Group chooses may not be commercially successful or the technology or system strategy employed may not be sufficiently aligned to the needs of the business or responsive to changes in business strategy. As a result, the Group could lose customers, fail to attract new customers or incur substantial costs or face other losses. Additionally, failure to develop an appropriate e-commerce strategy and select the right partners could erode the Groups market share.
The Group is exposed to the risks of the hotel industry supply and demand cycle
The future operating results of the Group could be adversely affected by industry over-capacity (by number of rooms) and weak demand due, in part, to the cyclical nature of the hotel industry, or other differences between planning assumptions and actual operating conditions. Reductions in room rates and occupancy levels would adversely impact the results of Group operations.
The Group may experience a lack of selected development opportunities
While the strategy of the Group is to extend the hotel network through activities that do not involve significant capital, in some cases the Group may consider it appropriate to acquire new land or locations for the development of new hotels. If the availability of suitable sites becomes limited, this could adversely affect its results of operations.
The Group is exposed to risks related to corporate responsibility
The reputation of the Group and the value of its brands are influenced by a wide variety of factors, including the perception of key stakeholders and the communities in which the Group operates. The social and environmental impacts of business are under increasing scrutiny, and the Group is exposed to the risk of damage to its reputation if it fails to demonstrate sufficiently responsible practices in a number of areas such as sustainability, responsible tourism, environmental management, human rights and support for the local community.
The Group is exposed to the risk of litigation
The Group could be at risk of litigation from its guests, customers, joint venture partners, suppliers, employees, regulatory authorities, franchisees and/or the owners of hotels managed by it for breach of its contractual or other duties. Claims filed in the United States may include requests for punitive damages as well as compensatory damages. Exposure to litigation or fines imposed by regulatory authorities may affect the reputation of the Group even though the monetary consequences are not significant.
The Group may face difficulties insuring its business
Historically, the Group has maintained insurance at levels determined by it to be appropriate in light of the cost of cover and the risk profiles of the business in which it operates. However, forces beyond the Groups control including market forces, may limit the scope of coverage the Group can obtain as well as the Groups ability to obtain coverage at reasonable rates. Other forces beyond the Groups control, such as terrorist attacks or natural disasters may be uninsurable or simply too expensive to insure against. Inadequate or insufficient insurance could expose the Group to large claims or could result in the loss of capital invested in properties, as well as the anticipated future revenue from properties, and could leave the Group responsible for guarantees, debt or other financial obligations related to such properties.
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The Group is exposed to a variety of risks associated with its ability to borrow and satisfy debt covenants
The Group is reliant on having access to borrowing facilities to meet its expected capital requirements and to maintain an efficient balance sheet. The majority of the Groups borrowing facilities are only available if the financial covenants in the facilities are complied with. If the Group is not in compliance with the covenants, the lenders may demand the repayment of the funds advanced. If the Groups financial performance does not meet market expectations it may not be able to refinance its existing facilities on terms it considers favorable. The availability of funds for future financing is in part dependent on conditions and liquidity in the capital markets.
The Group is required to comply with data privacy regulations
Existing and emerging data privacy regulations limit the extent to which the Group can use customer information for marketing or promotional purposes. Compliance with these regulations in each jurisdiction in which the Group operates may require changes in marketing strategies and associated processes which could increase operating costs or reduce the success with which products and services can be marketed to existing or future customers. In addition, non-compliance with privacy regulations may result in fines, damage to reputation or restrictions on the use or transfer of information.
The Group is exposed to funding risks in relation to the defined benefits under its pension plans
The Group is required by law to maintain a minimum funding level in relation to its ongoing obligation to provide current and future pensions for members of its pension plans who are entitled to defined benefits. In addition, if the UK Plan of the Group is wound-up or a participating employer ceases to have contributing members, the Group could become statutorily liable to make an immediate payment to the trustees to bring the funding of these defined benefits to a level which is higher than this minimum. The contributions payable by the Group must be set with a view to making prudent provision for the benefits accruing under the plans of the Group.
Some of the issues which could adversely affect the funding of these defined benefits (and materially affect the Groups funding obligations) include:
| | poor investment performance of pension fund investments; |
|---|---|
| | longer life expectancy than assumed in the plans actuarial |
| valuations (which will make pensions payable for longer and | |
| therefore more expensive to provide); | |
| | adverse annuity rates (which tend in particular to depend on |
| prevailing interest rates and life expectancy) as these will | |
| make it more expensive to secure pensions with an insurance | |
| company; and | |
| | other events occurring which make past service benefits more |
| expensive than predicted in the actuarial assumptions by | |
| reference to which the Groups past contributions were | |
| assessed. |
The trustees of the UK defined benefits plan can demand increases to the contribution rates relating to the funding of this pension plan, which would oblige the relevant members of the Group to contribute extra amounts to such pension funds. The trustees must consult the plans actuary and principal employer before exercising this power. In practice, contribution rates are agreed between the Group and the trustees on actuarial advice, and are set for three-year terms. The last such review was as at March 31, 2006.
ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
SUMMARY
Group Overview
The Group is a worldwide owner, manager and franchisor of hotels and resorts. Through its various subsidiaries it owned, leased, managed, or franchised hotels and guest rooms in nearly 100 countries around the world, as at December 31, 2007. The Groups brands include InterContinental Hotels & Resorts (InterContinental), Crowne Plaza Hotels & Resorts (Crowne Plaza), Holiday Inn Hotels & Resorts (Holiday Inn), Holiday Inn Express (or Express by Holiday Inn outside of the Americas), Staybridge Suites, Candlewood Suites and Hotel Indigo. The Group also manages the hotel loyalty program, Priority Club Rewards.
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With the disposal of the Groups interests in Britvic, a manufacturer and distributor of soft drinks in the United Kingdom, by way of an initial public offering (IPO) in December 2005, the Group is now focused solely on hotel franchising, management and ownership.
The Groups revenue and earnings are derived from (i) hotel operations, which include operation of the Groups owned hotels, management and other fees paid under management contracts, where the Group operates third-parties hotels, and franchise and other fees paid under franchise agreements and (ii) until December 14, 2005, the manufacture and distribution of soft drinks.
On March 14, 2008, InterContinental Hotels Group PLC had a market capitalization of approximately £2.3 billion, and was included in the list of FTSE 100 companies, a list of the 100 largest companies by market capitalization on the London Stock Exchange.
Following a capital restructuring in June 2005, InterContinental Hotels Group PLC became the holding company for the Group. Six Continents Limited (formerly Six Continents PLC), which was formed in 1967, is the principal subsidiary company. The Companys corporate headquarters are in the United Kingdom, and the registered address is:
InterContinental Hotels Group PLC
67 Alma Road
Windsor
Berkshire SL4 3HD
Tel: +44 (0) 1753 410 100
Internet address: www.ihg.com
InterContinental Hotels Group PLC was incorporated in Great Britain on May 21, 2004 and registered in, and operates under, the laws of England and Wales. Operations undertaken in countries other than England and Wales are subject to the laws of those countries in which they reside.
Group History and Recent Developments
The Group, formerly known as Bass and, more recently, Six Continents, was historically a conglomerate operating as, among other things, a brewer, soft drinks manufacturer, hotelier, leisure operator, and restaurant, pub and bar owner. In the last several years, the Group has undergone a major transformation in its operations and organization, as a result of the Separation (as discussed below) and a number of significant disposals during this period, which has narrowed the scope of its business.
On April 15, 2003, following shareholder and regulatory approval, Six Continents PLC (as it then was) separated into two new listed groups, InterContinental Hotels Group PLC (as it then was) comprising the Hotels and Soft Drinks businesses and Mitchells & Butlers plc comprising the Retail and Standard Commercial Property Developments businesses (the Separation).
The Group disposed of its interests in the soft drinks business by way of an initial public offering (IPO) of Britvic, a manufacturer and distributor of soft drinks in the United Kingdom, in December 2005.
Acquisitions and Dispositions
Since the Separation, 181 hotels with a net book value of £2.9 billion have been sold, generating aggregate proceeds of £3.0 billion. Of these 181 hotels, 162 have remained in the IHG global system (the number of hotels and rooms owned, leased, managed or franchised by the Group) through either franchise or management agreements. As of March 14, 2008 the Group had on the market a further three hotels. The following are the more significant transactions which have occurred since January 1, 2007:
During 2007, the Group disposed of (i) the Crowne Plaza Santiago on May 16, 2007 for $21 million before transaction costs, approximately $9 million above the net book value, retaining a 10 year franchise contract; (ii) its 74.11% share of the InterContinental Montreal on July 12, 2007 for £17 million before transaction costs, approximately £5 million above book value, retaining a 30 year management contract on the hotel; and (iii) the
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Holiday Inn Disney, Paris on November 30, 2007 for £14 million before transaction costs, approximately £2 million above net book value, retaining a five year franchise contract.
The Group also divested a number of equity interests of which proceeds totaled £57 million, including a 33.3% interest in the Crowne Plaza London The City for £19 million and a 15% interest in the InterContinental Chicago for £11 million.
The asset disposal program which commenced in 2003 has significantly reduced the capital requirements of the Group whilst largely retaining the hotels in the IHG system through management and franchise agreements.
Capital expenditure in 2007 totaled £93 million compared with £124 million in 2006 and £183 million in 2005. Capital expenditure in 2007 included the completion of the major refurbishment of the InterContinental London, Park Lane and renovation works at the InterContinental Hong Kong.
At December 31, 2007 capital committed, being contracts placed for expenditure on property, plant and equipment not provided for in the financial statements, totaled £10 million.
On October 24, 2007 the Group announced a worldwide relaunch of its Holiday Inn brand family. In support of this, the Group will make a non recurring revenue investment of up to £30 million which it is anticipated will be charged to the income statement as an exceptional item during 2008.
Following the completion of the hotel disposals in 2007, the Group owns 18 hotels.
FIGURE 1
| Asset disposal program detail | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| (£ billion) | |||
| Disposed since April 2003 | 181 | 3.0 | 2.9 |
| Remaining owned and leased hotels | 18 | | 0.9 |
Return of Funds
Since March 2004, the Group has announced the return of £3.6 billion of funds to shareholders by way of special dividends, share repurchase programs and capital returns and has returned £3.5 billion to shareholders as at March 14, 2008 (see Figure 2).
A third £250 million share repurchase program was completed in 2007 and the £150 million share repurchase program announced on February 20, 2007 was commenced. At December 31, 2007 £92 million of this share repurchase was outstanding. During the year 7.7 million shares were repurchased at an average price of 1046 pence per share (total £80.7 million). The precise timing of share purchases will be dependent upon, amongst other things, market conditions. By March 14, 2008, a total of 6.3 million shares had been repurchased under the £150 million repurchase program at an average price per share of 926 pence per share (approximately £58 million). Purchases are made under the existing authority from shareholders which will be renewed at the Companys Annual General Meeting. Any shares repurchased under these programs will be canceled.
Information relating to the purchases of equity securities can be found in Item 16E.
On February 20, 2007, IHG announced a special dividend of approximately £700 million with share consolidation. £709 million was returned to shareholders in June 2007 by way of a special dividend of 200 pence per ordinary share held on June 1, 2007.
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FIGURE 2
| Return of funds program — £501 million special dividend | Paid in December 2004 | £501m | £501m | Nil |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First £250 million share buyback | Completed in 2004 | £250m | £250m | Nil |
| £996 million capital return | Paid in July 2005 | £996m | £996m | Nil |
| Second £250 million share buyback | Completed in 2006 | £250m | £250m | Nil |
| £497 million special dividend | Paid in June 2006 | £497m | £497m | Nil |
| Third £250 million share buyback | Completed in 2007 | £250m | £250m | Nil |
| £709 million special dividend | Paid in June 2007 | £709m | £709m | Nil |
| £150 million share buyback | Under way | £150m | £58m | £92m |
| Total | £3,603m | £3,511m | £92m |
(i) As at March 14, 2008.
Hotels
IHG owns a number of hotel brands including InterContinental, Crowne Plaza, Holiday Inn, Holiday Inn Express, Staybridge Suites, Candlewood Suites and Hotel Indigo. As at December 31, 2007, IHGs brands comprised 3,949 franchised, managed, owned or leased hotels and 585,094 rooms in nearly 100 countries.
Soft Drinks
In December 2005 IHG disposed of its interests in Britvic, one of the two leading manufacturers of soft drinks by value and volume in Great Britain, by way of an IPO. IHG received aggregate proceeds of approximately £371 million (including two additional dividends, one of £47 million received in November 2005 and another of £89 million received in May 2005, before any commissions or expenses). The Group results for fiscal 2005 include the results of Soft Drinks for the period up until the IPO of Britvic on December 14, 2005.
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SEGMENTAL INFORMATION
Geographic Segmentation
The following table shows revenue and operating profit before exceptional operating items in pounds sterling and percentage by geographical area, for the following periods: years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005.
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | ||||||
| Revenue (1) | ||||||
| Americas | 450 | 422 | 376 | |||
| Europe, the Middle East and Africa | 245 | 198 | 192 | |||
| Asia Pacific | 130 | 111 | 87 | |||
| Central (4) | 58 | 55 | 42 | |||
| Continuing operations | 883 | 786 | 697 | |||
| Americas | 31 | 41 | 69 | |||
| Europe, the Middle East and Africa | 9 | 133 | 1,090 | |||
| Asia Pacific | | | 54 | |||
| Discontinued | ||||||
| operations (3) | 40 | 174 | 1,213 | |||
| Total | 923 | 960 | 1,910 | |||
| Operating profit before exceptional operating | ||||||
| items (1)(2) | ||||||
| Americas | 220 | 215 | 186 | |||
| Europe, the Middle East and Africa | 67 | 37 | 33 | |||
| Asia Pacific | 31 | 29 | 21 | |||
| Central (4) | (81 | ) | (81 | ) | (65 | ) |
| Continuing operations | 237 | 200 | 175 | |||
| Americas | 8 | 6 | 12 | |||
| Europe, the Middle East and Africa | | 25 | 141 | |||
| Asia Pacific | | | 11 | |||
| Discontinued | ||||||
| operations (3) | 8 | 31 | 164 | |||
| Total | 245 | 231 | 339 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
Footnotes on page 19.
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| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (%) | ||||||
| Revenue | ||||||
| Americas | 48.8 | 44.0 | 19.7 | |||
| Europe, the Middle East and Africa | 26.5 | 20.6 | 10.0 | |||
| Asia Pacific | 14.1 | 11.6 | 4.6 | |||
| Central | 6.3 | 5.7 | 2.2 | |||
| Continuing operations | 95.7 | 81.9 | 36.5 | |||
| Americas | 3.3 | 4.3 | 3.6 | |||
| Europe, the Middle East and Africa | 1.0 | 13.8 | 57.1 | |||
| Asia Pacific | | | 2.8 | |||
| Discontinued operations | 4.3 | 18.1 | 63.5 | |||
| Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |||
| Operating profit before exceptional operating items | ||||||
| Americas | 89.8 | 93.1 | 54.9 | |||
| Europe, the Middle East and Africa | 27.3 | 16.0 | 9.7 | |||
| Asia Pacific | 12.7 | 12.6 | 6.2 | |||
| Central | (33.1 | ) | (35.1 | ) | (19.2 | ) |
| Continuing operations | 96.7 | 86.6 | 51.6 | |||
| Americas | 3.3 | 2.6 | 3.5 | |||
| Europe, the Middle East and Africa | | 10.8 | 41.6 | |||
| Asia Pacific | | | 3.3 | |||
| Discontinued operations | 3.3 | 13.4 | 48.4 | |||
| Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
| (1) | The results of overseas operations
have been translated into sterling at weighted average rates of
exchange for the period. In the case of the US dollar, the
translation rate is £1 = $2.01 (2006 £1 = $1.84, 2005
£1 = $1.83) . In the case of the euro, the translation rate
is £1 = 1.46 (2006 £1 = 1.47, 2005 £1
= 1.46). |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | Operating profit before exceptional
operating items does not include exceptional operating items for
all periods presented. Exceptional operating items (credit
unless otherwise noted) by region are the Americas
£9 million (2006 £25 million, 2005
£5 million charge); Europe, the Middle East and Africa
£10 million (2006 £2 million, 2005
£12 million charge); Asia Pacific £8 million
(2006 £nil, 2005 £5 million charge); and Central
£3 million (2006 £nil, 2005 £nil). |
| (3) | Europe, the Middle East and Africa
includes discontinued operations for Hotels £nil (2006
£25 million, 2005 £71 million) and Soft
Drinks £nil (2006 £nil, 2005 £70 million).
The Americas and Asia Pacific discontinued operations all relate
to Hotels. Hotels discontinued operations were all owned and
leased. |
| (4) | Central revenue primarily relates
to Holidex (IHGs proprietary reservation system) fee
income. Central operating profit includes central revenue less
costs related to global functions. |
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Activity Segmentation
The following table shows revenue and operating profit before exceptional operating items in pounds sterling by activity and the percentage contribution of each activity for the following periods: years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005.
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | ||||||
| Revenue (1) | ||||||
| Hotels | ||||||
| Americas | 450 | 422 | 376 | |||
| Europe, the Middle East and Africa | 245 | 198 | 192 | |||
| Asia Pacific | 130 | 111 | 87 | |||
| Central (4) | 58 | 55 | 42 | |||
| Continuing operations | 883 | 786 | 697 | |||
| Hotels (3) | ||||||
| Americas | 31 | 41 | 69 | |||
| Europe, the Middle East and Africa | 9 | 133 | 419 | |||
| Asia Pacific | | | 54 | |||
| Soft Drinks | | | 671 | |||
| Discontinued operations | 40 | 174 | 1,213 | |||
| Total | 923 | 960 | 1,910 | |||
| Operating profit before exceptional operating | ||||||
| items (1)(2) | ||||||
| Hotels | ||||||
| Americas | 220 | 215 | 186 | |||
| Europe, the Middle East and Africa | 67 | 37 | 33 | |||
| Asia Pacific | 31 | 29 | 21 | |||
| Central (4) | (81 | ) | (81 | ) | (65 | ) |
| Continuing operations | 237 | 200 | 175 | |||
| Hotels (3) | ||||||
| Americas | 8 | 6 | 12 | |||
| Europe, the Middle East and Africa | | 25 | 71 | |||
| Asia Pacific | | | 11 | |||
| Soft Drinks | | 70 | ||||
| Discontinued operations | 8 | 31 | 164 | |||
| Total | 245 | 231 | 339 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
Footnotes on page 21.
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| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (%) | ||||||
| Revenue | ||||||
| Hotels | ||||||
| Americas | 48.8 | 44.0 | 19.7 | |||
| Europe, the Middle East and Africa | 26.5 | 20.6 | 10.0 | |||
| Asia Pacific | 14.1 | 11.6 | 4.6 | |||
| Central | 6.3 | 5.7 | 2.2 | |||
| Continuing operations | 95.7 | 81.9 | 36.5 | |||
| Hotels | ||||||
| Americas | 3.3 | 4.3 | 3.6 | |||
| Europe, the Middle East and Africa | 1.0 | 13.8 | 22.0 | |||
| Asia Pacific | | | 2.8 | |||
| Soft Drinks | | | 35.1 | |||
| Discontinued operations | 4.3 | 18.1 | 63.5 | |||
| Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |||
| Operating profit before exceptional operating items | ||||||
| Hotels | ||||||
| Americas | 89.8 | 93.1 | 54.9 | |||
| Europe, the Middle East and Africa | 27.3 | 16.0 | 9.7 | |||
| Asia Pacific | 12.7 | 12.6 | 6.2 | |||
| Central | (33.1 | ) | (35.1 | ) | (19.2 | ) |
| Continuing operations | 96.7 | 86.6 | 51.6 | |||
| Hotels | ||||||
| Americas | 3.3 | 2.6 | 3.5 | |||
| Europe, the Middle East and Africa | | 10.8 | 20.9 | |||
| Asia Pacific | | | 3.3 | |||
| Soft Drinks | | | 20.7 | |||
| Discontinued operations | 3.3 | 13.4 | 48.4 | |||
| Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
| (1) | The results of overseas operations
have been translated into sterling at weighted average rates of
exchange for the period. In the case of the US dollar, the
translation rate is £1=$2.01 (2006 £1 = $1.84, 2005
£1 = $1.83). In the case of the euro, the translation rate
is £1 = 1.46 (2006 £1 = 1.47, 2005
£1 = 1.46). |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | Operating profit before exceptional
operating items does not include exceptional operating items for
all periods presented. Exceptional operating items (credit
unless otherwise noted) by region are the Americas
£9 million (2006 £25 million, 2005
£5 million charge); Europe, the Middle East and Africa
£10 million (2006 £2 million, 2005
£12 million charge); Asia Pacific £8 million
(2006 £nil, 2005 £5 million charge); and Central
£3 million (2006 £nil, 2005: £nil). |
| (3) | Hotels discontinued operations were
all owned and leased. |
| (4) | Central revenue primarily relates
to Holidex (IHGs proprietary reservation system) fee
income. Central operating profit includes central revenue less
costs related to global functions. |
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HOTELS
Overview
InterContinental Hotels Group is an international hotel business which owns a portfolio of established and diverse hotel brands, including InterContinental, Crowne Plaza, Holiday Inn, Holiday Inn Express, Staybridge Suites, Candlewood Suites and Hotel Indigo, with 3,949 franchised, managed, owned and leased hotels and 585,094 guest rooms in nearly 100 countries as at December 31, 2007. Approximately 580,000 rooms or 99% of the Groups rooms are operated under managed and franchised models.
The Group operates in the global hotel market, which has an estimated total room capacity of 18 million rooms. Room capacity has been growing at approximately 3% per annum over the last five years. Competitors in the market include other large hotel companies and independently owned hotels.
The market remains fragmented, with an estimated seven million branded hotel rooms (approximately 40% of the total market). The Group has an estimated 8% share of the branded market (approximately 3% of the total market). The top six major companies, including IHG, together control approximately 38% of the branded rooms, only 15% of total hotel rooms.
Geographically, the market is more concentrated with the top 20 countries accounting for 80% of global hotel rooms. Within this, the United States is dominant (more than 25% of global hotel rooms) with China, Japan and Italy being the next largest markets. The Groups brands have a leadership position (top three by room numbers) in each of the six largest geographic markets, a greater representation than any other major hotel company.
US market data indicates a steady increase in hotel industry revenues, broadly in line with Gross Domestic Product, with growth of approximately 1-1.5% per annum in real terms since 1967. Hotel revenue growth in the United States and other key markets has been impacted by a number of underlying trends, including:
| | change in demographics as the population ages and
becomes wealthier, increased leisure time and income encourages
more travel and hotel visits; |
| --- | --- |
| | increase in travel volumes as low cost airlines grow rapidly; |
| | globalization of trade and tourism; |
| | increase in affluence and freedom to travel within the Chinese
middle class; and |
| | increase in the preference for branded hotels amongst consumers. |
FIGURE 3
| Branded hotel rooms by region as a percentage of the total
market | |
| --- | --- |
| United States | 67 % |
| Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) | 35 % |
| Asia Pacific | 28 % |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
Source: IHG Analysis, Northstar Travel Management
Within the global market, a relatively low proportion of hotel rooms are branded, however, there has been an increasing trend towards branded rooms. Branded companies are therefore gaining market share at the expense of unbranded companies. The Group is well positioned to benefit from this trend. Hotel owners are increasingly recognising the benefits of working with a group such as IHG which can offer a portfolio of brands to suit the different real estate opportunities an owner may have, together with effective revenue delivery through global reservation channels. Furthermore, hotel ownership is increasingly being separated from hotel operations, encouraging hotel owners to use third parties such as IHG to manage or franchise their hotels.
Potential negative trends impacting hotel industry growth include increased terrorism, environmental considerations and economic factors such as high oil prices, risk of recession and global credit restrictions.
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Supply growth in the industry is cyclical, averaging between zero and 5% per annum historically. The Groups fee-based profit is partly protected from changes in supply due to its model of third party ownership of hotels under IHG management and franchise contracts.
Operations
The Group currently operates an asset-light business model and owns only a small number of hotels deemed to be strategically important to the brands they represent. Through three distinct business models which offer different growth, return, risk and reward opportunities, IHG achieves growth through its partnerships with financial participants who may provide capital in exchange for, among other things, IHGs expertise and brand value. The models are summarized as follows:
franchised , where Group companies neither own nor manage the hotel, but license the use of a Group brand and provide access to reservation systems, loyalty schemes and know-how. The Group derives revenues from a brand royalty or licensing fee, based on a percentage of room revenue. At the end of 2007, 76% of the Groups rooms were franchised, with 89% of rooms in the Americas operating under this model.
managed , where in addition to licensing the use of a Group brand, a Group company manages the hotel for third party owners. The Group derives revenues from base and incentive management fees and provides the system infrastructure necessary for the hotel to operate. Management contract fees are linked to total hotel revenue and may have an additional incentive fee linked to profitability and/or cash flow. The terms of these agreements vary, but are often long term (for example, 10 years or more). The Groups responsibilities under the management agreement typically include hiring, training and supervising the managers and employees that operate the hotels under the relevant brand standards. The Group prepares annual budgets for the hotels that it manages, and the property owners are responsible for funding periodic maintenance and repair on a basis to be agreed with the Group. In order to gain access to central reservation systems, global and regional brand marketing and brand standards and procedures, the owners are typically required to make a further contribution. In certain cases, property owners may require performance targets, with consequences for management fees and sometimes the contract itself (including on occasion, the right of termination) if those targets are not met. At the end of 2007, 23% of the Groups rooms were operated under management contracts.
owned and leased (O & L) , where a Group company both owns (or leases) and operates the hotel and, in the case of ownership, takes all the benefits and risks associated with ownership. The Group has sold a significant proportion of its owned and leased portfolio and in future expects to own only hotels where it is considered strategically important to do so. Rooms owned or leased by the Group at the end of 2007 represented 1% of the Groups rooms.
In addition, the Group also makes equity investments in hotel ownership entities, where its equity investment is less than 100% and it participates in a share of the benefits and risks of ownership. A management contract is generally entered into as well as the equity investment.
The following table shows the number of hotels and rooms owned, leased, managed or franchised by IHG as at December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005.
| contracts and joint | ||||||||
| Owned or leased | ventures | Franchised | Total | |||||
| No. of | No. of | No. of | No. of | No. of | No. of | No. of | No. of | |
| hotels | rooms | hotels | rooms | hotels | rooms | hotels | rooms | |
| 2007 | 18 | 6,396 | 539 | 134,883 | 3,392 | 443,815 | 3,949 | 585,094 |
| 2006 | 25 | 8,460 | 512 | 125,214 | 3,204 | 422,572 | 3,741 | 556,246 |
| 2005 | 55 | 15,485 | 504 | 121,249 | 3,047 | 400,799 | 3,606 | 537,533 |
The Group sets quality and service standards for all of its hotel brands (including those operated under management contracts or franchise arrangements) and operates a customer satisfaction and hotel quality measurement system to ensure those standards are met or exceeded. The quality measurement system includes an assessment of both physical property and customer service standards.
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Strategy
IHG seeks to deliver enduring top quartile shareholder returns, when measured against a broad global hotel peer group. The Groups underlying strategy is that by putting the guest first, it will grow a portfolio of differentiated hospitality brands in core strategic countries and global key cities to maximise scale advantage. With a clear target for room growth and a number of brands with market premiums offering excellent returns for owners, the Group is well placed to execute the following strategic priorities:
| | brand performance to operate a portfolio of brands
attractive to both owners and guests that have clear market
positions and differentiation in the eyes of the guest; |
| --- | --- |
| | excellent hotel returns to generate higher owner
returns through revenue delivery and improved operating
efficiency; |
| | market scale and knowledge to accelerate profitable
growth in the largest markets where the Group currently has
scale; and |
| | aligned organization to create a more efficient
organization with strong core capabilities. |
IHG has set an organic growth target of at least 50,000 to 60,000 net rooms to be added by the end of 2008, with specific growth targets for the InterContinental brand (15-25 net InterContinental hotel additions) and within the Chinese market (125 hotels in China). As at December 31, 2007, IHG had achieved organic growth of 47,419 net rooms against the target set in June 2005, together with 13 net InterContinental hotel additions and 81 hotels in China.
IHGs future growth will be achieved predominantly by managing and franchising rather than owning hotels. Approximately 580,000 rooms operating under Group brands are managed and franchised. The managed and franchised fee-based model is attractive because it enables the Group to achieve its goals with limited capital investment at an accelerated pace. For this reason, the Group has executed a disposal program for most of its owned hotels, releasing capital and enabling returns of funds to shareholders as well as targeted investment in the business.
A key characteristic of the managed and franchised business is that it generates more cash than is required for investment in the business, with a high return on capital employed. During the year ended December 31, 2007, 86% of continuing earnings before interest, tax, exceptional operating items and regional and central overheads was derived from managed and franchised operations.
The Group aims to deliver its growth targets through the strongest operating system in the industry which includes:
| | a strong brand portfolio across the major markets, where
IHGs brands achieved revenue per available room
(RevPAR) growth premiums within respective key
market segments during 2007; |
| --- | --- |
| | market coverage a presence in nearly 100 countries; |
| | scale 3,949 hotels, 585,094 rooms and
137 million room nights per annum; |
| | IHG global reservation channels delivering $6.8 billion of
global system room revenue in 2007, including $2.6 billion
from the internet; |
| | a loyalty program, Priority Club Rewards, contributing
$5.2 billion of global system room revenue in 2007; and |
| | a strong web presence holidayinn.com is one of the
industrys most visited sites, with around 75 million
total site visits per annum. |
With a clear target for rooms growth and a number of brands with market premiums offering excellent returns to owners, the Group is well placed to execute its strategy and achieve its goals.
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Segmental Results
The following table shows revenue and operating profit before exceptional operating items in sterling of the IHG continuing Hotels business by activity and the percentage contribution of each activity for the following periods: years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005.
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | ||||||
| Continuing | ||||||
| revenue (1) | ||||||
| Americas | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 128 | 104 | 98 | |||
| Managed | 78 | 77 | 65 | |||
| Franchised | 244 | 241 | 213 | |||
| 450 | 422 | 376 | ||||
| EMEA | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 121 | 92 | 102 | |||
| Managed | 84 | 71 | 55 | |||
| Franchised | 40 | 35 | 35 | |||
| 245 | 198 | 192 | ||||
| Asia | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 73 | 71 | 59 | |||
| Managed | 49 | 36 | 25 | |||
| Franchised | 8 | 4 | 3 | |||
| 130 | 111 | 87 | ||||
| Central (3) | 58 | 55 | 42 | |||
| Total | 883 | 786 | 697 | |||
| Continuing operating profit before exceptional operating | ||||||
| items (1)(2) | ||||||
| Americas | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 20 | 12 | 14 | |||
| Managed | 21 | 27 | 20 | |||
| Franchised | 212 | 208 | 186 | |||
| Regional overheads | (33 | ) | (32 | ) | (34 | ) |
| 220 | 215 | 186 | ||||
| EMEA | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 17 | (4 | ) | (3 | ) | |
| Managed | 43 | 37 | 31 | |||
| Franchised | 29 | 24 | 26 | |||
| Regional overheads | (22 | ) | (20 | ) | (21 | ) |
| 67 | 37 | 33 | ||||
| Asia Pacific | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 18 | 17 | 11 | |||
| Managed | 23 | 21 | 16 | |||
| Franchised | 3 | 3 | 2 | |||
| Regional overheads | (13 | ) | (12 | ) | (8 | ) |
| 31 | 29 | 21 | ||||
| Central (3) | (81 | ) | (81 | ) | (65 | ) |
| Total | 237 | 200 | 175 |
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| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (%) | ||||||
| Continuing revenue | ||||||
| Americas | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 14.5 | 13.2 | 14.1 | |||
| Managed | 8.8 | 9.8 | 9.3 | |||
| Franchised | 27.6 | 30.7 | 30.6 | |||
| 50.9 | 53.7 | 54.0 | ||||
| EMEA | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 13.7 | 11.7 | 14.6 | |||
| Managed | 9.5 | 9.0 | 7.9 | |||
| Franchised | 4.5 | 4.5 | 5.0 | |||
| 27.7 | 25.2 | 27.5 | ||||
| Asia Pacific | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 8.3 | 9.0 | 8.5 | |||
| Managed | 5.6 | 4.6 | 3.6 | |||
| Franchised | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.4 | |||
| 14.8 | 14.1 | 12.5 | ||||
| Central | 6.6 | 7.0 | 6.0 | |||
| Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |||
| Continuing operating profit before exceptional operating items | ||||||
| Americas | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 8.4 | 6.0 | 8.0 | |||
| Managed | 8.9 | 13.5 | 11.4 | |||
| Franchised | 89.5 | 104.0 | 106.3 | |||
| Regional overheads | (13.9 | ) | (16.0 | ) | (19.4 | ) |
| 92.9 | 107.5 | 106.3 | ||||
| EMEA | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 7.2 | (2.0 | ) | (1.7 | ) | |
| Managed | 18.1 | 18.5 | 17.7 | |||
| Franchised | 12.2 | 12.0 | 14.8 | |||
| Regional overheads | (9.3 | ) | (10.0 | ) | (12.0 | ) |
| 28.2 | 18.5 | 18.8 | ||||
| Asia Pacific | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 7.6 | 8.5 | 6.3 | |||
| Managed | 9.7 | 10.5 | 9.1 | |||
| Franchised | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.1 | |||
| Regional overheads | (5.5 | ) | (6.0 | ) | (4.5 | ) |
| 13.1 | 14.5 | 12.0 | ||||
| Central | (34.2 | ) | (40.5 | ) | (37.1 | ) |
| Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
| (1) | The results of overseas operations
have been translated into sterling at weighted average rates of
exchange for the period. In the case of the US dollar, the
translation rate is £1 = $2.01 (2006 £1 = $1.84, 2005
£1 = $1.83). In the case of the euro, the translation rate
is £1 = 1.46 (2006 £1 = 1.47, 2005 £1
= 1.46). |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | Operating profit before exceptional
operating items does not include exceptional operating items for
all periods presented. Exceptional operating items (credit
unless otherwise noted) by region are the Americas
£9 million (2006 £25 million, 2005
£5 million charge); Europe, the Middle East and Africa
£10 million (2006 £2 million, 2005
£12 million charge); Asia Pacific £8 million
(2006 £nil, 2005 £5 million charge); and Central
£3 million (2006 £nil, 2005 £nil). |
| (3) | Central revenue primarily relates
to Holidex (IHGs proprietary reservation system) fee
income. Central operating profit includes central revenue less
costs related to global functions. |
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The following table shows revenue and operating profit before exceptional operating items in US dollars of the IHG continuing Hotels business by activity and the percentage contribution of each activity for the following periods: years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005.
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ($ million) | ||||||
| Continuing | ||||||
| revenue (1) | ||||||
| Americas | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 257 | 192 | 180 | |||
| Managed | 156 | 143 | 118 | |||
| Franchised | 489 | 443 | 389 | |||
| 902 | 778 | 687 | ||||
| EMEA | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 244 | 169 | 187 | |||
| Managed | 167 | 131 | 100 | |||
| Franchised | 81 | 63 | 64 | |||
| 492 | 363 | 351 | ||||
| Asia Pacific | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 145 | 131 | 108 | |||
| Managed | 99 | 65 | 45 | |||
| Franchised | 16 | 8 | 6 | |||
| 260 | 204 | 159 | ||||
| Central (3) | 117 | 101 | 77 | |||
| Total | 1,771 | 1,446 | 1,274 | |||
| Continuing operating profit before exceptional operating | ||||||
| items (1)(2) | ||||||
| Americas | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 40 | 22 | 26 | |||
| Managed | 41 | 50 | 36 | |||
| Franchised | 425 | 382 | 340 | |||
| Regional overheads | (66 | ) | (59 | ) | (62 | ) |
| 440 | 395 | 340 | ||||
| EMEA | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 33 | (7 | ) | (5 | ) | |
| Managed | 87 | 68 | 56 | |||
| Franchised | 58 | 44 | 48 | |||
| Regional overheads | (44 | ) | (36 | ) | (39 | ) |
| 134 | 69 | 60 | ||||
| Asia Pacific | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 36 | 31 | 20 | |||
| Managed | 46 | 39 | 29 | |||
| Franchised | 6 | 5 | 5 | |||
| Regional overheads | (25 | ) | (23 | ) | (15 | ) |
| 63 | 52 | 39 | ||||
| Central (3) | (163 | ) | (149 | ) | (118 | ) |
| Total | 474 | 367 | 321 |
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| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (%) | ||||||
| Continuing revenue | ||||||
| Americas | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 14.5 | 13.3 | 14.1 | |||
| Managed | 8.8 | 9.9 | 9.3 | |||
| Franchised | 27.6 | 30.6 | 30.5 | |||
| 50.9 | 53.8 | 53.9 | ||||
| EMEA | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 13.8 | 11.7 | 14.7 | |||
| Managed | 9.4 | 9.0 | 7.9 | |||
| Franchised | 4.6 | 4.4 | 5.0 | |||
| 27.8 | 25.1 | 27.6 | ||||
| Asia Pacific | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 8.2 | 9.0 | 8.5 | |||
| Managed | 5.6 | 4.5 | 3.5 | |||
| Franchised | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.5 | |||
| 14.7 | 14.1 | 12.5 | ||||
| Central | 6.6 | 7.0 | 6.0 | |||
| Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |||
| Continuing operating profit before exceptional operating items | ||||||
| Americas | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 8.4 | 6.0 | 8.1 | |||
| Managed | 8.6 | 13.6 | 11.2 | |||
| Franchised | 89.7 | 104.0 | 105.9 | |||
| Regional overheads | (13.9 | ) | (16.0 | ) | (19.3 | ) |
| 92.8 | 107.6 | 105.9 | ||||
| EMEA | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 7.0 | (1.9 | ) | (1.6 | ) | |
| Managed | 18.4 | 18.5 | 17.4 | |||
| Franchised | 12.2 | 12.0 | 15.0 | |||
| Regional overheads | (9.3 | ) | (9.8 | ) | (12.1 | ) |
| 28.3 | 18.8 | 18.7 | ||||
| Asia | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 7.6 | 8.5 | 6.2 | |||
| Managed | 9.7 | 10.6 | 9.0 | |||
| Franchised | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.6 | |||
| Regional overheads | (5.3 | ) | (6.3 | ) | (4.6 | ) |
| 13.3 | 14.2 | 12.2 | ||||
| Central | (34.4 | ) | (40.6 | ) | (36.8 | ) |
| Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
| (1) | The results of overseas operations
have been translated into sterling at weighted average rates of
exchange for the period. In the case of the US dollar, the
translation rate is £1 = $2.01 (2006 £1 = $1.84, 2005
£1 = $1.83). In the case of the euro, the translation rate
is £1 = 1.46 (2006 £1 = 1.47, 2005 £1
= 1.46). |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | Operating profit before exceptional
operating items does not include exceptional operating items for
all periods presented. Exceptional operating items (credit
unless otherwise noted) by region are the Americas
£9 million (2006 £25 million, 2005
£5 million charge); Europe, the Middle East and Africa
£10 million (2006 £2 million, 2005
£12 million charge); Asia Pacific £8 million
(2006 £nil, 2005 £5 million charge); and Central
2007 £3 million (2006 £nil, 2005 £nil). |
| (3) | Central revenue primarily relates
to Holidex (IHGs proprietary reservation system) fee
income. Central operating profit includes central revenue less
costs related to global functions. |
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Global System
The Group supports revenue delivery into its hotels through its global reservation channels and global loyalty program (Priority Club Rewards) which is paid for by assessments from each hotel in the Group. The elements of the global system include:
Priority Club Rewards: The Group operates the Priority Club Rewards loyalty program. Members enjoy a variety of privileges and rewards as they stay at the Groups hotels around the world. Global system rooms sales generated from Priority Club Rewards members during 2007 were $5.2 billion and represented approximately 35% of IHG global system rooms sales.
Central Reservation System Technology: The Group operates the HolidexPlus reservation system. The HolidexPlus system receives reservation requests entered on terminals located at most of its reservation centers, as well as from global distribution systems operated by a number of major corporations and travel agents. Where local hotel systems allow, the HolidexPlus system immediately confirms reservations or indicates alternative accommodation available within IHGs network. Confirmations are transmitted electronically to the hotel for which the reservation is made.
Reservation Call Centers: The Group operates 12 reservation centers around the world which enable it to sell in local languages in many countries and offer a high quality service to customers.
Internet: The Group introduced electronic hotel reservations in 1995. The Internet continues to be an important communications, branding and distribution channel for the Groups sales. During 2007, the internet channel continued to show strong growth, with global system rooms sales booked through the internet increasing by 27% to $2.6 billion. Approximately 17% of IHG global system rooms sales is via the internet through various branded websites, such as www.intercontinental.com and www.holidayinn.com, as well as certified third parties (up from 16% in 2006). IHG has established standards for working with third party intermediaries on-line travel distributors who sell or re-sell IHG hotel rooms via their internet sites. Under the standards, certified distributors are required to respect IHGs trademarks, ensure reservations are guaranteed through an automated and common confirmation process, and clearly present fees to customers. About 85% of IHG global system rooms sales booked on the web is now booked directly through the Groups own brand sites.
The Group estimates that, during 2007, global system rooms sales booked through these reservation systems (which include company reservation centers, global distribution systems and internet reservations) rose by approximately 19% to $6.8 billion, and the proportion of IHG global system rooms sales booked through IHGs reservation channels increased from 44% to 45%.
Sales and Marketing
IHG targets its sales and marketing expenditure in each region on driving revenue and brand awareness or, in the case of sales investments, targeting segments such as corporate accounts, travel agencies and meeting organizers. The majority of IHGs sales and marketing expenditure is funded by contractual fees paid by most hotels in the system.
The strategic goals for the global system as a whole include:
| | adding further locations and improving guest satisfaction for
its brands; |
| --- | --- |
| | continuing the focus on enrolments in Priority Club Rewards and
increasing their share of the total hotel spend; |
| | continuing to improve the direct channels; and |
| | improving pricing structure. |
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Global Brands
Brands Overview
The Groups portfolio includes seven established and diverse brands. These brands cover several market segments and in the case of InterContinental, Crowne Plaza, Holiday Inn and Express, operate internationally.
| Brands | December 31, 2007 — Room numbers | Hotels |
|---|---|---|
| InterContinental | 50,762 | 149 |
| Crowne Plaza | 83,170 | 299 |
| Holiday Inn | 256,699 | 1,381 |
| Holiday Inn Express | 156,531 | 1,808 |
| Staybridge Suites | 13,466 | 122 |
| Candlewood Suites | 16,825 | 158 |
| Hotel Indigo | 1,501 | 11 |
| Other | 6,140 | 21 |
| Total | 585,094 | 3,949 |
InterContinental
| total | O & L | total | O & L | total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average room rate | |||||
| $ (1) | 169.83 | 260.63 | 190.85 | 449.58 | 173.22 |
| Room | |||||
| numbers (2) | 16,624 | 1,914 | 20,012 | 1,288 | 14,126 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
| (1) | For the year ended
December 31, 2007; quoted at constant US$ exchange rate.
Average room rate is for comparable InterContinental hotels. |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | As at December 31, 2007. |
InterContinental hotels are located in major cities and leisure destinations in over 60 countries. Each hotel offers high-class facilities and services aimed at the discerning business and leisure traveller. The brand strives to provide guests with memorable experiences which also give a sense of each hotels location. These hotels blend luxury with a celebration of local culture and heritage which is reflected in everything from décor to dining.
InterContinental hotels are principally managed by the Group. As at December 31, 2007, there were 149 InterContinental hotels which represented 9% of IHGs total hotel rooms. During 2007, five InterContinental hotels were added to the portfolio while four hotels were removed.
Crowne Plaza
| total | total | O & L | total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average room rate | ||||
| $ (1) | 115.01 | 150.73 | 117.61 | 100.23 |
| Room | ||||
| numbers (2) | 47,893 | 17,326 | 233 | 17,951 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
| (1) | For the year ended
December 31, 2007; quoted at constant US$ exchange rate.
Average room rate is for comparable Crowne Plaza hotels. |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | As at December 31, 2007. |
Crowne Plaza is one of the fastest growing upscale hotel brands in the world, located in more than 50 countries. Crowne Plaza offers simple elegance and full-service facilities for business and leisure travellers alike. Mainly sited in principal cities, these hotels offer high quality accommodation for leisure and business travellers who appreciate style, a sociable environment, excellent meeting facilities and state-of-the-art business technology.
The majority of Crowne Plaza hotels are operated under franchise agreements. As at December 31, 2007, there were 299 Crowne Plaza hotels which represented 14% of IHGs total hotel rooms. During 2007, 38 Crowne Plaza hotels were added to the portfolio while 14 hotels were removed.
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Holiday Inn
| total | O & L | total | total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average room rate | ||||
| $ (1) | 95.97 | 96.04 | 119.64 | 81.18 |
| Room | ||||
| numbers (2) | 177,999 | 1,882 | 52,842 | 25,858 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
| (1) | For the year ended
December 31, 2007; quoted at constant US$ exchange rate.
Average room rate is for comparable Holiday Inn hotels. |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | As at December 31, 2007. |
Friendly service and great value are the hallmarks of the Holiday Inn brand. One of the worlds most recognized brands, Holiday Inn was relaunched in 2007 to improve our ability to meet guest needs for contemporary high-quality and consistent facilities. The relaunch includes a new identity and logo. Aimed at both business travellers and families on holiday, the brand continues to grow around the world.
Holiday Inn hotels are predominantly operated under franchise agreements. As at December 31, 2007, there were 1,381 Holiday Inn hotels which represented 44% of IHGs total hotel rooms and of which 69% were located in the Americas. During 2007, 69 new Holiday Inn hotels were added to the portfolio, while 83 hotels were removed.
Holiday Inn Express
| total | total | total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Average room rate | |||
| $ (1) | 94.10 | 104.73 | 72.75 |
| Room | |||
| numbers (2) | 134,551 | 19,380 | 2,600 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
| (1) | For the year ended
December 31, 2007; quoted at constant US$ exchange rate.
Average room rate is for comparable Holiday Inn Express hotels. |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | As at December 31, 2007. |
Convenience, comfort and value make Holiday Inn Express a popular choice with guests and hotel owners. Contemporary guest rooms and bathrooms, a complimentary breakfast and easily accessible locations make this limited service Holiday Inn an ideal choice for people on the road. Holiday Inn Express was also relaunched in 2007.
Holiday Inn Express hotels are almost entirely operated under franchise agreements. As at December 31, 2007, there were 1,808 Holiday Inn Express hotels worldwide which represented 27% of IHGs total hotel rooms and of which 86% were located in the Americas. During 2007, 177 new Holiday Inn Express hotels were added to the portfolio, while 55 hotels were removed.
Staybridge Suites
| total | |
| Average room rate | |
| $ (1) | 105.06 |
| Room | |
| numbers (2) | 13,466 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
| (1) | For the year ended
December 31, 2007; quoted at constant US$ exchange rate.
Average room rate is for comparable Staybridge Suites
hotels. |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | As at December 31, 2007. |
Staybridge Suites is a high-end brand offering guests a home from home for extended hotel stays. Residential in style, they provide studios and suites, kitchens, living rooms and work areas, and high-speed internet access for business and leisure guests. The Just Like Home theatre and new buffet kitchen are communal areas where guests can meet and relax. The brand will develop outside the United States during 2008.
The Staybridge Suites brand is principally operated under management contracts and franchise agreements. As at December 31, 2007, there were 122 Staybridge Suites hotels, all located in the Americas, which represented 2% of IHGs total hotel rooms. During 2007, 25 hotels were added to the portfolio.
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Candlewood Suites
| total | |
| Average room rate | |
| $ (1) | 70.14 |
| Room | |
| numbers (2) | 16,825 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
| (1) | For the year ended
December 31, 2007; quoted at constant US$ exchange rate.
Average room rate is for comparable Candlewood Suites hotels. |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | As at December 31, 2007. |
Created for guest stays of a week or longer, Candlewood Suites offer studios and one bedroom suites with well equipped kitchens, spacious work areas and an array of convenient amenities. This extended stay brand continues to grow rapidly in the Americas and recently launched a new bedding collection.
The Candlewood Suites brand is operated under management contracts and franchise agreements. Hospitality Properties Trust (HPT) is a major owner of Candlewood Suites properties and the Group manages all 76 of HPTs Candlewood Suites properties under a 20 year agreement. As at December 31, 2007, there were 158 Candlewood Suites hotels which represented 3% of IHGs total rooms. During 2007, 29 hotels were added to the portfolio and one was removed.
Hotel Indigo
Hotel Indigo is the industrys first branded boutique hotel. The brand is aimed at style-conscious guests who want peaceful and affordable luxury combined with all the knowledge, experience and operating systems that an international hotel company can offer. Inspired by lifestyle retailing, it features seasonal changes, inviting service, inspiring artwork, casual dining, airy guest rooms and 24-hour business amenities.
The first Hotel Indigo opened in Atlanta, Georgia in the United States in October 2004. As at December 31, 2007, there were 11 Hotel Indigo hotels with five hotels added to the portfolio during the year.
| total | |
| Average room rate | |
| $ (1) | 116.54 |
| Room | |
| numbers (2) | 1,501 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
| (1) | For the year ended
December 31, 2007; quoted at constant US$ exchange rate.
Average room rate is for comparable Hotel Indigo hotels. |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | As at December 31, 2007. |
Geographical Analysis
Although it has worldwide hotel operations, the Group is most dependent on the Americas for operating profit, reflecting the structure of the branded global hotel market. The Americas region generated 69% of the Groups continuing operating profit before central overheads and exceptional operating items during 2007.
The geographical analysis, split by number of rooms and operating profit, is set out in the table below.
| (% of total) | |||
| Room | |||
| numbers (1) | 70 | 19 | 11 |
| Regional operating profit (before central overheads and | |||
| exceptional operating | |||
| items) (2) | 69 | 21 | 10 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
| (1) | As at December 31, 2007. |
|---|---|
| (2) | For the year ended |
| December 31, 2007. |
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The following table shows information concerning the geographical locations and ownership of IHGs hotels as at December 31, 2007.
| Hotels | Rooms | Hotels | Rooms | Hotels | Rooms | Hotels | Rooms | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Americas | ||||||||
| InterContinental | 4 | 1,914 | 23 | 8,313 | 23 | 6,397 | 50 | 16,624 |
| Crowne Plaza | | | 19 | 6,620 | 153 | 41,273 | 172 | 47,893 |
| Holiday Inn | 5 | 1,882 | 29 | 9,654 | 918 | 166,463 | 952 | 177,999 |
| Holiday Inn Express | | | 1 | 252 | 1,614 | 134,299 | 1,615 | 134,551 |
| Staybridge Suites | 2 | 233 | 41 | 5,142 | 79 | 8,091 | 122 | 13,466 |
| Candlewood Suites | | | 78 | 9,410 | 80 | 7,415 | 158 | 16,825 |
| Hotel Indigo | | | 2 | 305 | 9 | 1,196 | 11 | 1,501 |
| Total | 11 | 4,029 | 193 | 39,696 | 2,876 | 365,134 | 3,080 | 408,859 |
| EMEA | ||||||||
| InterContinental | 3 | 1,288 | 53 | 17,077 | 6 | 1,647 | 62 | 20,012 |
| Crowne Plaza | 1 | 233 | 20 | 5,234 | 51 | 11,859 | 72 | 17,326 |
| Holiday Inn | | | 86 | 15,452 | 249 | 37,390 | 335 | 52,842 |
| Holiday Inn Express | 1 | 153 | 12 | 1,310 | 169 | 17,917 | 182 | 19,380 |
| Total | 5 | 1,674 | 171 | 39,073 | 475 | 68,813 | 651 | 109,560 |
| Asia Pacific | ||||||||
| InterContinental | 1 | 495 | 28 | 11,256 | 8 | 2,375 | 37 | 14,126 |
| Crowne Plaza | | | 50 | 15,833 | 5 | 2,118 | 55 | 17,951 |
| Holiday Inn | 1 | 198 | 78 | 23,242 | 15 | 2,418 | 94 | 25,858 |
| Holiday Inn Express | | | 10 | 2,463 | 1 | 137 | 11 | 2,600 |
| Other | | | 9 | 3,320 | 12 | 2,820 | 21 | 6,140 |
| Total | 2 | 693 | 175 | 56,114 | 41 | 9,868 | 218 | 66,675 |
| Total | ||||||||
| InterContinental | 8 | 3,697 | 104 | 36,646 | 37 | 10,419 | 149 | 50,762 |
| Crowne Plaza | 1 | 233 | 89 | 27,687 | 209 | 55,250 | 299 | 83,170 |
| Holiday Inn | 6 | 2,080 | 193 | 48,348 | 1,182 | 206,271 | 1,381 | 256,699 |
| Holiday Inn Express | 1 | 153 | 23 | 4,025 | 1,784 | 152,353 | 1,808 | 156,531 |
| Staybridge Suites | 2 | 233 | 41 | 5,142 | 79 | 8,091 | 122 | 13,466 |
| Candlewood Suites | | | 78 | 9,410 | 80 | 7,415 | 158 | 16,825 |
| Hotel Indigo | | | 2 | 305 | 9 | 1,196 | 11 | 1,501 |
| Other | | | 9 | 3,320 | 12 | 2,820 | 21 | 6,140 |
| Total | 18 | 6,396 | 539 | 134,883 | 3,392 | 443,815 | 3,949 | 585,094 |
Americas
In the Americas, the largest proportion of rooms is operated under the franchise business model primarily in the midscale segment (Holiday Inn and Holiday Inn Express). Similarly, in the upscale segment, Crowne Plaza is predominantly franchised, whereas the majority of the InterContinental brand is operated under franchise and management agreements. With 3,080 hotels, the Americas represented 78% of the Groups hotels and 69% of the Groups continuing operating profit before central costs and exceptional operating items during the year ended December 31, 2007. The key profit producing region is the United States, although IHG is also represented in each of Latin America, Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean.
EMEA
Comprising 651 hotels at the end of 2007, EMEA represented approximately 21% of the Groups continuing operating profit before central costs and exceptional operating items during the year ended December 31, 2007.
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Profits are primarily generated from hotels in the United Kingdom, Continental European gateway cities and the Middle East portfolio.
Asia Pacific
Comprising 218 hotels as at December 31, 2007, Asia Pacific represents approximately 10% of the Groups operating profit before central costs and exceptional operating items during the year ended December 31, 2007. Greater China is expected to generate significant growth in the hotel and tourism industry over the next decade. As at December 31, 2007 the Group had 81 hotels in Greater China and a further 107 hotels in development.
Room Count and Pipeline
During 2007, the IHG global system (the number of hotels and rooms which are owned, leased, managed or franchised by the Group) increased by 208 hotels (28,848 rooms, or 5.2%) to 3,949 hotels (585,094 rooms). The record growth level was driven, in particular, by continued expansion in the United States, the United Kingdom, China and Japan, resulting in openings of 366 hotels (52,846 rooms). Holiday Inn Express represented 58.7% of the net hotel growth, demonstrating strong market demand in the midscale, limited service sector. The extended stay portfolio, comprising Staybridge Suites and Candlewood Suites hotels, expanded by 53 hotels (5,189 rooms), indicating owner confidence in this sector.
The net decline in the Holiday Inn hotel and room count (14 hotels and 3,771 rooms) primarily reflects IHGs continued strategy to reinvigorate the Holiday Inn brand through the removal of lower quality, non-brand conforming hotels in the United States. This strategy is further supported by the worldwide brand relaunch of the Holiday Inn brand family, announced in October 2007, which entails the consistent delivery of best-in-class service and physical quality in all Holiday Inn and Holiday Inn Express hotels.
At the end of 2007, the IHG pipeline (contracts signed for hotels and rooms yet to enter the IHG global system) totaled 1,674 hotels (225,872 rooms). In the year, record room signings across all regions of 125,533 rooms led to pipeline growth of 67,881 rooms (or 43.0%). This level of growth demonstrates strong demand for IHG brands across all regions and represents a key driver of future profitability.
There are no assurances that all of the hotels in the pipeline will open or enter the system. The construction, conversion and development of hotels is dependent upon a number of factors, including meeting brand standards, obtaining the necessary permits relating to construction and operation, the cost of constructing, converting and equipping such hotels and the ability to obtain suitable financing at acceptable interest rates. The supply of capital for hotel development in the United States and major economies may not continue at previous levels and consequently the system pipeline could decrease.
Americas
The Americas hotel and room count grew by 150 hotels (13,950 rooms) to 3,080 hotels (408,859 rooms). The growth included openings of 274 hotels (31,744 rooms) led by continued demand for Holiday Inn Express of 156 hotels (13,908 rooms). Franchised hotels contributed over 98% of net growth, reflecting the sustained demand for the franchised model. Net growth also included removals of 124 hotels (17,794 rooms), of which Holiday Inn hotels represented 54.0% (69.2% rooms).
The Americas pipeline continued to achieve high growth levels and totaled 1,330 hotels (141,157 rooms) at December 31, 2007. During the year, 75,279 room signings were completed, compared with 61,673 room signings in 2006. These signing levels outpaced the prior year as demand for Holiday Inn and Holiday Inn Express continued to accelerate. Furthermore, the extended stay brands, Staybridge Suites and Candlewood Suites, contributed 24.3% of the regions room signings.
EMEA
During 2007, EMEA hotel and room count increased by 28 hotels (2,960 rooms) to 651 hotels (109,560 rooms). The net growth included the opening of 55 hotels (7,956 rooms) and the removal of 27 hotels (4,996 rooms).
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System growth was led by openings in the United Kingdom of 22 hotels (2,522 rooms). Holiday Inn was the largest contributor of room openings, adding over 50% of the regions total.
The pipeline in EMEA increased by 44 hotels (10,832 rooms) to 187 hotels (32,889 rooms). The growth included a record level of 19,153 room signings, driven by exceptional demand in the Middle East, particularly in the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia. Across the region, sustained demand for the Holiday Inn brand led to 6,004 room signings during the year whilst the region also experienced a significant increase in room signings for the InterContinental and Crowne Plaza brands. The EMEA pipeline included 10 Staybridge Suites hotels (1,229 rooms), of which the first hotels are expected to open in the United Kingdom and the Middle East during 2008.
Asia Pacific
Asia Pacific hotel and room count increased by 30 hotels (11,938 rooms) to 218 hotels (66,675 rooms). The net growth included 16 hotels (7,827 rooms) in Greater China reflecting continued expansion in one of IHGs strategic markets, together with 15 hotels (3,542 rooms) in Japan that joined the system as part of the IHG ANA joint venture.
The pipeline in Asia Pacific increased by 71 hotels (21,577 rooms) to 157 hotels (51,826 rooms). Demand in the Greater China market continued throughout the year and represented 82.3% of the regions room signings. From a brand perspective, Crowne Plaza attracted significant interest, contributing over half of the total room signings.
FIGURE 4
| Hotels | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change | Change | |||||||
| Global hotel and room count at December 31 | 2007 | 2006 | over 2006 | 2007 | 2006 | over 2006 | ||
| Analyzed by brand: | ||||||||
| InterContinental | 149 | 148 | 1 | 50,762 | 49,599 | 1,163 | ||
| Crowne Plaza | 299 | 275 | 24 | 83,170 | 75,632 | 7,538 | ||
| Holiday Inn | 1,381 | 1,395 | (14 | ) | 256,699 | 260,470 | (3,771 | ) |
| Holiday Inn Express | 1,808 | 1,686 | 122 | 156,531 | 143,582 | 12,949 | ||
| Staybridge Suites | 122 | 97 | 25 | 13,466 | 10,953 | 2,513 | ||
| Candlewood Suites | 158 | 130 | 28 | 16,825 | 14,149 | 2,676 | ||
| Hotel Indigo | 11 | 6 | 5 | 1,501 | 893 | 608 | ||
| Other | 21 | 4 | 17 | 6,140 | 968 | 5,172 | ||
| Total | 3,949 | 3,741 | 208 | 585,094 | 556,246 | 28,848 | ||
| Analyzed by ownership type: | ||||||||
| Owned and leased | 18 | 25 | (7 | ) | 6,396 | 8,460 | (2,064 | ) |
| Managed | 539 | 512 | 27 | 134,883 | 125,214 | 9,669 | ||
| Franchised | 3,392 | 3,204 | 188 | 443,815 | 422,572 | 21,243 | ||
| Total | 3,949 | 3,741 | 208 | 585,094 | 556,246 | 28,848 |
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FIGURE 5
| Hotels | Rooms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change | Change | |||||
| Global pipeline at December 31 | 2007 | 2006 | over 2006 | 2007 | 2006 | over 2006 |
| Analyzed by brand: | ||||||
| InterContinental | 62 | 36 | 26 | 20,013 | 13,211 | 6,802 |
| Crowne Plaza | 118 | 60 | 58 | 36,362 | 17,113 | 19,249 |
| Holiday Inn | 365 | 299 | 66 | 56,945 | 44,774 | 12,171 |
| Holiday Inn Express | 712 | 574 | 138 | 70,142 | 55,520 | 14,622 |
| Staybridge Suites | 157 | 120 | 37 | 17,150 | 12,605 | 4,545 |
| Candlewood Suites | 207 | 128 | 79 | 18,605 | 11,723 | 6,882 |
| Hotel Indigo | 52 | 24 | 28 | 6,565 | 3,045 | 3,520 |
| Other | 1 | | 1 | 90 | | 90 |
| Total | 1,674 | 1,241 | 433 | 225,872 | 157,991 | 67,881 |
| Analyzed by ownership type: | ||||||
| Managed | 247 | 139 | 108 | 71,814 | 41,648 | 30,166 |
| Franchised | 1,427 | 1,102 | 325 | 154,058 | 116,343 | 37,715 |
| Total | 1,674 | 1,241 | 433 | 225,872 | 157,991 | 67,881 |
Seasonality
Although the performance of individual hotels and geographic markets might be highly seasonal due to a variety of factors such as the tourist trade and local economic conditions, the geographical spread of the Groups hotels in nearly 100 countries and the relative stability of the income stream from management and franchising activities diminish the effect of seasonality on the results of the Group.
Competition
The Groups hotels compete with a wide range of facilities offering various types of lodging options and related services to the public. The competition includes several large and moderate sized hotel chains offering upper, mid and lower priced accommodation and also includes independent hotels in each of these market segments, particularly outside of North America where the lodging industry is much more fragmented. Major hotel chains which compete with the Group include Marriott International, Inc., Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, Inc., Choice Hotels International, Inc., Best Western International, Inc., Hilton Hotels Corporation, Wyndham Worldwide, Four Seasons Hotels Inc. and Accor S.A.
Key Relationships
IHG maintains effective business relationships across all aspects of its operations. The Groups operations are not dependent upon any single customer, supplier or hotel owner due to the extent of its brands, market segments and geographical coverage. For example, IHGs largest third-party hotel owner controls less than 4% of the Groups total room count.
To promote effective owner relationships, the Groups management meets with owners of IHG branded hotels on a regular basis. In addition, IHG has an important relationship with the IAHI The Owners Association (IAHI). The IAHI is an independent worldwide association for owners of the Crowne Plaza, Holiday Inn, Holiday Inn Express, Hotel Indigo, Staybridge Suites and Candlewood Suites brands. IHG and the IAHI work together to support and facilitate the continued development of IHGs brands and systems, with specific emphasis during 2007 on the relaunch of the Holiday Inn brand family. Additionally, IHG and the IAHI began working together to develop and facilitate key corporate responsibility initiatives within the Groups brands.
Many jurisdictions and countries regulate the offering of franchise agreements and recent trends indicate an increase in the number of countries adopting franchise legislation. As a significant percentage of the Groups
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revenues is derived from franchise fees, the Groups continued compliance with franchise legislation is important to the successful deployment of the Groups strategy.
RevPAR
The following tables present RevPAR statistics for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006. RevPAR is a key performance indicator which measures underlying hotel revenue with year-on-year performance being measured by the RevPAR movement against the prior year.
Owned and leased, managed and franchised statistics are for comparable hotels, and include only those hotels in the IHG system as of December 31, 2007 and owned and leased, managed or franchised by the Group since January 1, 2006.
The comparison with 2006 is at constant US$ exchange rates.
| Owned & leased | Managed | Franchised | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change vs | Change vs | Change vs | ||||||||||
| 2007 | 2006 | 2006 | 2007 | 2006 | 2006 | 2007 | 2006 | 2006 | ||||
| Americas | ||||||||||||
| InterContinental | ||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 83.6 % | 81.7 % | 1.9 | %pts | 70.5 % | 68.0 % | 2.5 | %pts | 64.7 % | 64.9 % | (0.2 | )%pts |
| Average daily rate | $ 260.63 | $ 241.21 | 8.05 | % | $ 172.28 | $ 161.33 | 6.79 | % | $ 126.53 | $ 116.51 | 8.60 | % |
| RevPAR | $ 217.86 | $ 196.97 | 10.61 | % | $ 121.51 | $ 109.64 | 10.83 | % | $ 81.87 | $ 75.64 | 8.24 | % |
| Crowne Plaza | ||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 74.9 % | 74.7 % | 0.2 | %pts | 64.1 % | 63.0 % | 1.1 | %pts | |
| Average daily rate | 0 | 0 | 0 | $ 142.46 | $ 133.33 | 6.85 | % | $ 109.16 | $ 103.22 | 5.75 | % | |
| RevPAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | $ 106.71 | $ 99.55 | 7.19 | % | $ 69.96 | $ 65.00 | 7.63 | % | |
| Holiday Inn | ||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 72.9 % | 69.2 % | 3.7 | %pts | 68.9 % | 67.6 % | 1.3 | %pts | 63.1 % | 63.5 % | (0.4 | )%pts |
| Average daily rate | $ 96.04 | $ 93.67 | 2.53 | % | $ 106.53 | $ 100.86 | 5.62 | % | $ 95.26 | $ 90.52 | 5.24 | % |
| RevPAR | $ 70.01 | $ 64.79 | 8.06 | % | $ 73.45 | $ 68.19 | 7.71 | % | $ 60.12 | $ 57.44 | 4.67 | % |
| Holiday Inn Express | ||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75.8 % | 74.8 % | 1.0 | %pts | 68.1 % | 68.7 % | (0.6 | )%pts | |
| Average daily rate | 0 | 0 | 0 | $ 148.58 | $ 133.55 | 11.25 | % | $ 93.96 | $ 87.32 | 7.60 | % | |
| RevPAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | $ 112.67 | $ 99.91 | 12.77 | % | $ 63.98 | $ 59.95 | 6.72 | % | |
| Staybridge Suites | ||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 73.7 % | 74.8 % | (1.1 | )%pts | 74.9 % | 76.5 % | (1.6 | )%pts | 73.4 % | 73.3 % | 0.1 | %pts |
| Average daily rate | $ 100.56 | $ 94.61 | 6.29 | % | $ 108.83 | $ 104.53 | 4.11 | % | $ 101.81 | $ 96.24 | 5.79 | % |
| RevPAR | $ 74.12 | $ 70.73 | 4.79 | % | $ 81.56 | $ 79.92 | 2.05 | % | $ 74.77 | $ 70.53 | 6.01 | % |
| Candlewood Suites | ||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 74.5 % | 75.7 % | (1.2 | )%pts | 66.3 % | 69.2 % | (2.9 | )%pts | |
| Average daily rate | 0 | 0 | 0 | $ 69.81 | $ 66.50 | 4.98 | % | $ 71.14 | $ 68.99 | 3.12 | % | |
| RevPAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | $ 52.02 | $ 50.31 | 3.40 | % | $ 47.19 | $ 47.71 | (1.09 | )% | |
| Hotel Indigo | ||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 68.4 % | 66.3 % | 2.1 | %pts | 53.2 % | 41.1 % | 12.1 | %pts | |
| Average daily rate | 0 | 0 | 0 | $ 142.78 | $ 143.74 | (0.67 | )% | $ 88.12 | $ 78.37 | 12.44 | % | |
| RevPAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | $ 97.72 | $ 95.25 | 2.59 | % | $ 46.89 | $ 32.25 | 45.40 | % |
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| Owned & leased | Managed | Franchised | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change vs | Change vs | Change vs | ||||||||||
| 2007 | 2006 | 2006 | 2007 | 2006 | 2006 | 2007 | 2006 | 2006 | ||||
| EMEA | ||||||||||||
| InterContinental | ||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 81.7 % | 79.2 % | 2.5 | %pts | 68.4 % | 65.3 % | 3.1 | %pts | 67.1 % | 64.5 % | 2.6 | %pts |
| Average daily rate | $ 449.58 | $ 406.56 | 10.58 | % | $ 176.96 | $ 164.13 | 7.82 | % | $ 281.93 | $ 242.64 | 16.19 | % |
| RevPAR | $ 367.30 | $ 322.17 | 14.01 | % | $ 121.06 | $ 107.18 | 12.95 | % | $ 189.31 | $ 156.44 | 21.01 | % |
| Crown Plaza | ||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 70.9 % | 70.1 % | 0.8 | %pts | 78.5 % | 77.2 % | 1.3 | %pts | 69.6 % | 68.6 % | 1.0 | %pts |
| Average daily rate | $ 117.61 | $ 122.04 | (3.63 | )% | $ 169.52 | $ 153.74 | 10.26 | % | $ 141.89 | $ 135.03 | 5.08 | % |
| RevPAR | $ 83.43 | $ 85.60 | (2.54 | )% | $ 133.01 | $ 118.71 | 12.05 | % | $ 98.79 | $ 92.67 | 6.60 | % |
| Holiday Inn | ||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 74.5 % | 73.9 % | 0.6 | %pts | 67.6 % | 66.3 % | 1.3 | %pts | |
| Average daily rate | 0 | 0 | 0 | $ 127.69 | $ 120.05 | 6.36 | % | $ 115.87 | $ 110.27 | 5.08 | % | |
| RevPAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | $ 95.07 | $ 88.73 | 7.15 | % | $ 78.38 | $ 73.10 | 7.22 | % | |
| Holiday Inn Express | ||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 72.5 % | 70.1 % | 2.4 | %pts | 68.3 % | 63.5 % | 4.8 | %pts | 73.8 % | 72.8 % | 1.0 | %pts |
| Average daily rate | $ 81.92 | $ 84.81 | (3.41 | )% | $ 87.88 | $ 82.29 | 6.79 | % | $ 106.19 | $ 101.78 | 4.33 | % |
| RevPAR | $ 59.39 | $ 59.49 | (0.17 | )% | $ 60.02 | $ 52.28 | 14.80 | % | $ 78.34 | $ 74.04 | 5.81 | % |
| Owned & leased | Managed | Franchised | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change vs | Change vs | Change vs | ||||||||||
| 2007 | 2006 | 2006 | 2007 | 2006 | 2006 | 2007 | 2006 | 2006 | ||||
| Asia Pacific | ||||||||||||
| InterContinental | ||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 69.9 % | 72.5 % | (2.6 | )%pts | 73.8 % | 70.2 % | 3.6 | %pts | 73.2 % | 70.8 % | 2.4 | %pts |
| Average daily rate | $ 377.22 | $ 339.09 | 11.24 | % | $ 154.45 | $ 150.48 | 2.64 | % | $ 184.82 | $ 157.63 | 17.25 | % |
| RevPAR | $ 263.77 | $ 245.88 | 7.28 | % | $ 114.03 | $ 105.68 | 7.90 | % | $ 135.32 | $ 111.60 | 21.25 | % |
| Crowne Plaza | ||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75.7 % | 75.3 % | 0.4 | %pts | 84.9 % | 85.4 % | (0.5 | )%pts | |
| Average daily rate | 0 | 0 | 0 | $ 97.60 | $ 92.57 | 5.43 | % | $ 120.67 | $ 108.69 | 11.02 | % | |
| RevPAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | $ 73.87 | $ 69.67 | 6.03 | % | $ 102.41 | $ 92.80 | 10.36 | % | |
| Holiday Inn | ||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 76.7 % | 78.6 % | (1.9 | )%pts | 76.0 % | 75.7 % | 0.3 | %pts | 71.1 % | 70.8 % | 0.3 | %pts |
| Average daily rate | $ 116.17 | $ 106.32 | 9.26 | % | $ 81.87 | $ 75.43 | 8.54 | % | $ 72.78 | $ 68.49 | 6.26 | % |
| RevPAR | $ 89.16 | $ 83.56 | 6.70 | % | $ 62.22 | $ 57.13 | 8.91 | % | $ 51.72 | $ 48.48 | 6.68 | % |
| Holiday Inn Express | ||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 84.9 % | 82.7 % | 2.2 | %pts | 55.4 % | 65.4 % | (10.0 | )%pts | |
| Average daily rate | 0 | 0 | 0 | $ 75.05 | $ 67.58 | 11.05 | % | $ 56.47 | $ 53.52 | 5.51 | % | |
| RevPAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | $ 63.68 | $ 55.88 | 13.96 | % | $ 31.28 | $ 35.01 | (10.65 | )% | |
| Other | ||||||||||||
| Occupancy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 59.3 % | 56.4 % | 2.9 | %pts | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Average daily rate | 0 | 0 | 0 | $ 119.27 | $ 113.80 | 4.81 | % | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| RevPAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | $ 70.74 | $ 64.22 | 10.15 | % | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Regulation
Both in the United Kingdom and internationally, the Groups hotel operations are subject to regulation, including health and safety, zoning and similar land use laws as well as regulations that influence or determine wages, prices, interest rates, construction procedures and costs.
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SOFT DRINKS
The Group disposed of its interest in Britvic by way of an IPO in December 2005. The Group received aggregate proceeds of approximately £371 million (including two additional dividends, one of £47 million received in November 2005, and another of £89 million, received in May 2005, before any commissions or expenses).
The Group results for fiscal 2005 include the results of Soft Drinks for the period up until the IPO of Britvic on December 14, 2005.
Britvic generated operating profits before other operating income and expenses of £70 million on revenues of £671 million in the period up to December 14, 2005.
TRADEMARKS
Group companies own a substantial number of service brands and product brands and the Group believes that its significant trademarks are protected in all material respects in the markets in which it currently operates.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
Principal operating subsidiary undertakings
InterContinental Hotels Group PLC was the beneficial owner of all (unless specified) of the equity share capital, either itself or through subsidiary undertakings, of the following companies during the year. Unless stated otherwise, the following companies were incorporated in Great Britain, registered in England and Wales and operate principally within the United Kingdom. The companies listed below include those which principally affect the amount of profit and assets of the Group.
Six Continents Limited a
Hotel Inter-Continental London Limited a
Six Continents Hotels, Inc. b
InterContinental Hotels Corporation b
Barclay Operating Corporation b
IHG Resources Inc. b
InterContinental Hong Kong Limited c
Société Nouvelle du-Grand Hotel, SA d
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
| (a) | Incorporated in Great Britain and
registered in England and Wales. |
| --- | --- |
| (b) | Incorporated in the United States. |
| (c) | Incorporated in Hong Kong. |
| (d) | Incorporated in France. |
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Group companies own and lease properties throughout the world. The table below analyzes the net book value of land and buildings (excluding assets classified as held for sale) at December 31, 2007. Approximately 37% of the properties by value were directly owned, with 53% held under leases having a term of 50 years or longer.
| Net book value of land and buildings as | Europe, — the Middle East | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| at December 31, 2007 | and Africa | Americas | Asia Pacific | Total |
| (£ million) | ||||
| Hotels | 318 | 251 | 166 | 735 |
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Group properties comprise hotels. Approximately 85% of the Groups property values relate to the top five owned and leased hotels (in terms of value) of a total of 18 hotels.
At December 31, 2007, a previously recorded impairment charge of £3 million was reversed following an impairment review of hotel assets based on current market conditions.
ENVIRONMENT
IHG is committed to all its operating companies having a responsibility to act in a way that respects the environment in which they operate. The Groups strong presence in the United States and European Union markets mean that it is affected by and is familiar with highly developed environmental laws and controls. IHG regularly considers environmental matters and seeks to embed good practice into its business strategies and operations. IHG is a member of the FTSE4Good Index Series.
The Group has a wide range of environmental responsibilities and a unique opportunity to lead the worlds hospitality industry in environmental innovation.
As IHG pursues its strategic growth and continues to develop its environmental practice, the Group aims to minimise negative effects on the environment. The Group is committed to providing updated information to stakeholders on:
| | developments in global environmental policy; |
|---|---|
| | how it establishes management responsibility and accountability |
| for environmental performance; | |
| | how it evaluates and manages the Groups hotels |
| environmental footprint; | |
| | new projects and developments; and |
| | performance benchmarking against best practice. |
In 2006 IHG improved data collection and reporting to increase energy efficiency. The Groups hotels already take steps to conserve resources, including energy and water, and to manage waste and recycling effectively. In 2007, these achievements were benchmarked across the Groups business so that clear targets for improvement can be set.
The Groups immediate priorities for action are environmental management and support for the communities in which it operates. The travel and tourism industry is coming under increasing pressure to address its impact on the environment and society and become more sustainable. Addressing this challenge is a priority.
IHG believes that travel and tourism should be operated responsibly and that the benefits of taking this approach far outweigh the costs. Tourism provides opportunities for local economic development, new business and much needed jobs, especially in developing countries. It also opens the door to improved learning, better communication, greater diversity and richer, more fulfilling social experiences.
The Group accepts that there are actions that hotel operators can take to minimise travel and tourisms negative effects still further. The following new initiatives were launched in 2007:
| | an online tool which will enable IHG to measure its water,
waste and energy across the globe was piloted; |
| --- | --- |
| | a carbon and environmental footprint, the first by a major
hotel group was completed; |
| | compact fluorescent light bulbs were distributed as
replacements for incandescent bulbs. It is estimated that this
initiative will result in over $2 million of annual energy
savings; and |
| | a range of environmental initiatives were implemented at
IHGs corporate offices, including recycling and improved
waste management. |
IHG encourages owners and guests to support these activities.
IHG will continue to concentrate its efforts on supporting local communities and seek to develop protocols to assess the responsible management of our supply chain.
IHG has developed a more integrated corporate responsibility (CR) strategy and created a global team, representing all parts of the business, to manage the CR agenda and to develop detailed future plans.
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ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
INTRODUCTION
Business and Overview
InterContinental Hotels Group is an international hotel business which owns a portfolio of established and diverse hotel brands, including InterContinental, Crowne Plaza, Holiday Inn, Holiday Inn Express, Staybridge Suites, Candlewood Suites and Hotel Indigo, with 3,949 franchised, managed, owned and leased hotels and 585,094 guest rooms in nearly 100 countries as at December 31, 2007. The Group also manages the hotel loyalty program, Priority Club Rewards.
The Groups revenue and earnings are derived from (i) hotel operations, which include operation of the Groups owned hotels, management and other fees paid under management contracts, where the Group operates third-parties hotels, and franchise and other fees paid under franchise agreements and (ii) until December 14, 2005, the manufacture and distribution of soft drinks.
Operational Performance
For the year ended December 31, 2007, the Hotels business reported growth in all regions at the revenue and operating profit lines for continuing operations. The growth was driven by strong underlying RevPAR gains across all regions, hotel expansion in key markets and profit uplift from owned and leased assets.
The performance of the Hotels business is evaluated primarily on a regional basis. The regional operations are split by similar product or services: franchise agreement, management contract, and owned and leased operations. All three income types are affected by occupancy and room rates achieved by hotels, the ability to manage costs and the change in the number of available rooms through acquisition, development and disposition. Results are also impacted by economic conditions and capacity. The Groups segmental results are shown before exceptional operating items, interest expense, interest income and income taxes.
The Group believes the period-over-period movement in RevPAR to be a meaningful indicator for the performance of the Hotels business.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The preparation of the Companys consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and costs and expense during the reporting periods. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates and judgments, including those relating to revenue recognition, bad debts, investments, property, plant and equipment, goodwill and intangible assets, income taxes, guest program liability, self insurance claims payable, restructuring costs, retirement benefits and contingencies and litigation.
Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily available from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions.
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The Companys critical accounting policies are set out below.
Revenue recognition
Revenue is derived from the following sources: owned and leased properties; management fees; franchise fees and other revenues which are ancillary to the Companys operations.
Generally, revenue represents sales (excluding VAT and similar taxes) of goods and services, net of discounts, provided in the normal course of business and recognized when services have been rendered. The following is a description of the composition of revenues of the Company.
Owned and leased primarily derived from hotel operations, including the rental of rooms and food and beverage sales from owned and leased hotels operated under the Companys brand names. Revenue is recognized when rooms are occupied and food and beverages are sold.
Management fees earned from hotels managed by the Company, usually under long-term contracts with the hotel owner. Management fees include a base fee, which is generally a percentage of hotel revenue, and an incentive fee, which is generally based on the hotels profitability or cash flows. Revenue is recognized when earned and realized or realizable under the terms of the contract.
Franchise fees received in connection with the license of the Companys brand names, usually under long-term contracts with the hotel owner. The Company charges franchise royalty fees as a percentage of room revenue. Revenue is recognized when earned and realized or realizable under the terms of the agreement.
The Company participates in three funds established to collect and administer assessments from hotel owners for specific use in marketing, the Priority Club loyalty program and the global reservation system. The Company acts, in substance, as an agent with regard to the funds and all assessments are designated for specific purposes and result in no profit for the Group. Accordingly, the revenues, expenses and cash flows of the funds are not included in the Consolidated Income Statement or Consolidated Cash Flow Statement.
Goodwill, intangible assets, and property, plant and equipment
Goodwill arising on acquisitions prior to October 1, 1998 was eliminated against equity. From October 1, 1998 to December 31, 2003, acquired goodwill was capitalized and amortized over a period not exceeding 20 years. Since January 1, 2004, goodwill continued to be capitalized but amortization ceased as at that date, replaced by an impairment review on an annual basis or more frequently if there are indicators of impairment. Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating units for impairment testing purposes.
Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are capitalized and amortized over their expected useful lives, and reviewed for impairment when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Assets that do not generate independent cash flows are combined into cash-generating units.
The impairment testing of individual assets or cash-generating units requires an assessment of the recoverable amount of the asset or cash-generating unit. If the carrying value of the asset or cash-generating unit exceeds its estimated recoverable amount, the asset or cash-generating unit is written down to its recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is the greater of fair value less cost to sell and value in use. Value in use is assessed based on estimated future cash flows discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. The outcome of such an assessment is subjective, and the result sensitive to the assumed future cashflows to be generated by the assets and discount rates applied in calculating the value in use, both of which will be dependent on the type of asset and its location. Any impairment arising is charged to the income statement.
Income taxes
The Company provides for deferred tax in accordance with IAS 12 Income Taxes in respect of temporary differences between the tax base and carrying value of assets and liabilities including accelerated capital allowances, unrelieved tax losses, unremitted profits from overseas where the Company does not control remittance, gains rolled over into replacement assets, gains on previously revalued properties and other short-
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term temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is regarded as probable that the deductible temporary differences can be realized. The Company estimates deferred tax assets and liabilities based on current tax laws and rates, and in certain cases, business plans. Changes in these estimates may affect the amount of deferred tax liabilities or the valuation of deferred tax assets.
Accruals for tax contingencies require judgments on the expected outcome of tax exposures which may be subject to significant uncertainty, and therefore the actual results may vary from expectations resulting in adjustments to contingencies and cash tax settlements.
Loyalty program
The hotel loyalty program, Priority Club Rewards enables members to earn points, funded through hotel assessments, during each stay at an InterContinental Hotels Group hotel and redeem the points at a later date for free accommodation or other benefits. The future redemption liability is included in trade and other payables in the consolidated balance sheet and is estimated using actuarial methods based on statistical formulas that project the timing of future point redemptions based on historical levels to give eventual redemption rates and points values. The future redemption liability amounted to £212 million at December 31, 2007.
Pensions and other post-employment benefit plans
Accounting for pensions and other post-employment benefit plans requires the Company to make assumptions including, but not limited to, future asset returns, discount rates, rates of inflation, life expectancies and health care costs. The use of different assumptions, in any of the above calculations, could have a material effect on the accounting values of the relevant assets and liabilities which could result in a material change to the cost of such liabilities as recognized in the income statement over time. These assumptions are subject to periodic review. A sensitivity analysis to changes in various assumptions is included in Note 3 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
OPERATING RESULTS
Accounting Principles
The following discussion and analysis is based on the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company, which are prepared in accordance with IFRS.
For the year ended December 31, 2007 the results include exceptional items totaling a net credit of £76 million (2006 £238 million, 2005 £297 million). For comparability of the periods presented, some performance indicators in this Operating and Financial Review and Prospects discussion have been calculated after eliminating these exceptional items. Such indicators are prefixed with adjusted. A reconciliation to the amounts under IFRS including such exceptional items is included in Note 5 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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| December 31, | December 31, | December 31, | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||
| (£ million) | ||||||
| GROUP RESULTS | ||||||
| Revenue: | ||||||
| Continuing operations | ||||||
| Hotels | 883 | 786 | 697 | |||
| Discontinued operations | ||||||
| Hotels | 40 | 174 | 542 | |||
| Soft Drinks | | | 671 | |||
| Total revenue | 923 | 960 | 1,910 | |||
| Operating profit before exceptional operating items: | ||||||
| Continuing operations | ||||||
| Hotels | 237 | 200 | 175 | |||
| Discontinued operations | ||||||
| Hotels | 8 | 31 | 94 | |||
| Soft Drinks | | | 70 | |||
| Total operating profit before exceptional operating items | 245 | 231 | 339 | |||
| Exceptional operating items | 30 | 27 | (22 | ) | ||
| Operating profit | 275 | 258 | 317 | |||
| Net financial expenses | (45 | ) | (11 | ) | (33 | ) |
| Profit before tax | 230 | 247 | 284 | |||
| Tax | (15 | ) | 41 | (80 | ) | |
| Profit after tax | 215 | 288 | 204 | |||
| Gain on disposal of assets, net of tax | 16 | 117 | 311 | |||
| Profit available for the year | 231 | 405 | 515 | |||
| Earnings per ordinary share: | ||||||
| Basic | 72.2p | 104.1p | 95.2p | |||
| Adjusted | 48.4p | 42.9p | 38.2p | |||
| Adjusted continuing operations | 46.9p | 38.0p | 23.2p |
Year ended December 2007 compared with year ended December 2006
IHG revenue from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2007 was £883 million (2006 £786 million). Operating profit before exceptional operating items from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2007 was £237 million (2006 £200 million). The growth was driven by strong underlying RevPAR gains across all regions, hotel expansion in key markets and profit uplift from owned and leased assets.
Including discontinued operations, total revenue decreased by 3.9% to £923 million whilst operating profit before exceptional operating items increased by 6.1% to £245 million, reflecting the year-on-year impact of asset disposals. Discontinued operations represent the results from operations that have been sold, or are held for sale, and where there is a coordinated plan to dispose of the operations under IHGs asset disposal programme, including owned and leased hotels in the United States and Continental Europe that have been sold or placed on the market from January 1, 2006.
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As the weighted average US dollar exchange rate to sterling has weakened during 2007 (2007 $2.01: £1, 2006 $1.84: £1), growth rates for results expressed in US dollars are higher than those in sterling. Continuing operating profit before exceptional items was $474 million, ahead of 2006 by 29.2%. Including discontinued operations, operating profit before exceptional items was $491 million, 15.8% higher than 2006. Translated at constant currency, applying 2006 exchange rates, continuing revenue increased by 19.6% and continuing operating profit increased by 30.0%.
Exceptional operating items
Exceptional operating items of £30 million included an £18 million gain on the sale of financial assets and an £11 million gain on the sale of associate investments.
Exceptional operating items are treated as exceptional items by reason of their size or nature and are excluded from the calculation of adjusted earnings per share in order to provide a more meaningful comparison of performance.
Net financial expenses
Net financial expenses increased from £11 million in 2006 to £45 million in 2007, as a result of higher debt levels following payment of the £709 million special dividend in June 2007.
Financing costs included £10 million (2006 £10 million) of interest costs associated with Priority Club Rewards where interest is charged on the accumulated balance of cash received in advance of the redemption points awarded. Financing costs in 2007 also included £9 million (2006 £4 million) in respect of the InterContinental Boston finance lease.
Taxation
The effective rate of tax on profit before tax, excluding the impact of exceptional items, was 22% (2006 24%). By also excluding the impact of prior year items, which are included wholly within continuing operations, the equivalent tax rate would be 36% (2006 36%). Prior year items relate, primarily, to the adjustment of prior year tax accruals in line with filed tax returns and the release of provisions relating to tax matters which were settled during the year, or in respect of which the statutory limitation period had expired. This rate is higher than the UK statutory rate of 30% due mainly to certain overseas profits (particularly in the United States) being subject to statutory rates higher than the UK statutory rate and disallowable expenses.
Taxation within exceptional items totaled a credit of £30 million (2006 £94 million credit) in respect of continuing operations. This represented, primarily, the release of exceptional provisions relating to tax matters which were settled during the year, or in respect of which the statutory limitation period had expired. In 2006, taxation exceptional items, in addition to such provision releases, included £12 million for the recognition of a deferred tax asset in respect of tax losses.
Net tax paid in 2007 totaled £69 million (2006 £49 million) including £32 million (2006 £6 million) in respect of disposals.
Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share in 2007 were 72.2 pence, compared with 104.1 pence in 2006. Adjusted earnings per share were 48.4 pence, against 42.9 pence in 2006. Adjusted continuing earnings per share were 46.9 pence, 23.4% up on last year.
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Highlights for the year ended December 31, 2007
The following is a discussion of the year ended December 31, 2007 compared with the year ended December 31, 2006.
Continuing Hotels Results
| December 31, | December 31, | ||||
| 2007 | 2006 | Change | |||
| (£ million) | % | ||||
| Revenue: | |||||
| Americas | 450 | 422 | 6.6 | ||
| EMEA | 245 | 198 | 23.7 | ||
| Asia Pacific | 130 | 111 | 17.1 | ||
| Central | 58 | 55 | 5.5 | ||
| 883 | 786 | 12.3 | |||
| Operating profit before exceptional operating items: | |||||
| Americas | 220 | 215 | 2.3 | ||
| EMEA | 67 | 37 | 81.1 | ||
| Asia Pacific | 31 | 29 | 6.9 | ||
| Central | (81 | ) | (81 | ) | |
| 237 | 200 | 18.5 |
Revenue from continuing operations increased by 12.3% to £883 million and continuing operating profit increased by 18.5% to £237 million during the 12 months ended December 31, 2007. The growth was driven by strong underlying RevPAR gains across all regions, hotel expansion in key markets and profit uplift from owned and leased assets. Furthermore, strong revenue conversion led to a 1.4 percentage point increase in continuing operating profit margins to 26.8%.
Americas
Continuing Americas Results
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||
| 2007 | 2006 | Change | ||||
| ($ million) | % | |||||
| Revenue: | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 257 | 192 | 33.9 | |||
| Managed | 156 | 143 | 9.1 | |||
| Franchised | 489 | 443 | 10.4 | |||
| 902 | 778 | 15.9 | ||||
| Operating profit before exceptional operating items: | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 40 | 22 | 81.8 | |||
| Managed | 41 | 50 | (18.0 | ) | ||
| Franchised | 425 | 382 | 11.3 | |||
| 506 | 454 | 11.5 | ||||
| Regional overheads | (66 | ) | (59 | ) | (11.9 | ) |
| Total $ million | 440 | 395 | 11.4 | |||
| Sterling equivalent £ | ||||||
| million (i) | 220 | 215 | 2.3 |
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(i) The results have been translated into pounds sterling at weighted average rates of exchange for the year. The translation rates are fiscal 2007: £1 = $2.01 (2006 £1 = $1.84).
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Revenue and operating profit from continuing operations increased by 15.9% to $902 million and 11.4% to $440 million respectively.
The region achieved healthy RevPAR growth across all ownership types and RevPAR premiums to the US market segments for hotels operating under the InterContinental, Crowne Plaza, Holiday Inn and Holiday Inn Express brands. During the fourth quarter, consistent with the US market, the region was impacted by a marginal softening in RevPAR growth due to a slight decline in occupancy levels.
Continuing owned and leased revenue increased by 33.9% to $257 million and operating profit increased by 81.8% to $40 million. Positive underlying trading was driven by RevPAR growth of 9.7%, led by the InterContinental brand with growth of 10.6%. The results were favourably impacted by trading performance at the InterContinental Boston which became fully operational during the first half of the year (year-on-year profit increase of $11 million) and trading at the InterContinental New York where robust market conditions lifted average occupancy levels to over 90%.
Managed revenues increased by 9.1% to $156 million during the year, driven by strong RevPAR growth, particularly in Latin America where rate-led RevPAR growth exceeded 20%. Robust brand performance resulted in RevPAR growth premiums, compared to respective US market segments, for InterContinental, Crowne Plaza and Holiday Inn. Growth in the extended stay segment was impacted by an increase in market supply. Managed revenues included $86 million (2006 $80 million) from properties that are structured, for legal reasons, as operating leases but with the same characteristics as management contracts.
Managed operating profit decreased by 18.0% to $41 million, including $6 million (2006 $9 million) from managed properties held as operating leases. The decline in profit principally reflects increased revenue investment to support growth in contract signings, the impact of fewer hotels under management contracts following the restructuring of the FelCor agreement in 2006, foreign exchange losses in Latin America and lower ancilliary revenues together with higher costs at one of the hotels held as an operating lease. These items reduced operating profit margins in the managed estate by 8.7 percentage points to 26.3% and reduced continuing operating profit margins in the region by 2.0 percentage points to 48.8%.
Franchised revenue and operating profit increased by 10.4% to $489 million and 11.3% to $425 million respectively, compared to 2006. The increase was driven by RevPAR growth of 5.8%, net room count growth of 4.0% and fees associated with growth in signings.
Regional overheads were affected positively in 2006 by lower claims in the Group-funded employee healthcare programme. Excluding this, regional overheads were in line with the prior period.
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Europe, Middle East and Africa
Continuing EMEA Results
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||
| 2007 | 2006 | Change | ||||
| (£ million) | % | |||||
| Revenue: | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 121 | 92 | 31.5 | |||
| Managed | 84 | 71 | 18.3 | |||
| Franchised | 40 | 35 | 14.3 | |||
| 245 | 198 | 23.7 | ||||
| Operating profit before exceptional operating items: | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 17 | (4 | ) | 525.0 | ||
| Managed | 43 | 37 | 16.2 | |||
| Franchised | 29 | 24 | 20.8 | |||
| 89 | 57 | 56.1 | ||||
| Regional overheads | (22 | ) | (20 | ) | (10.0 | ) |
| Total £ million | 67 | 37 | 81.1 | |||
| Dollar equivalent | ||||||
| $ million (i) | 134 | 69 | 94.2 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
(i) The results have been translated into US dollars at weighted average rates of exchange for the year. The translation rates are fiscal 2007: $1 = £0.50 (2006: $1 = £0.54).
Revenue and operating profit from continuing operations increased by 23.7% to £245 million and 81.1% to £67 million, respectively.
During the year, the region achieved RevPAR growth of 8.6% driven by substantial gains across all brands and ownership types. From a regional perspective, RevPAR levels benefited from the positive market conditions in the Middle East, France and the United Kingdom. The regions continuing operating profit margins increased by 8.6 percentage points to 27.3% as a result of improved revenue conversion in the owned and leased portfolio and increased scalability in the franchised operations.
In the owned and leased estate, continuing revenue increased by 31.5% to £121 million as a result of trading at the InterContinental London Park Lane which became fully operational during the first half of 2007, together with strong rate-led RevPAR growth at the InterContinental Paris Le Grand. Effective revenue conversion led to an increase in continuing operating profit of £21 million to £17 million, including operating profit growth of £14 million at the InterContinental London Park Lane.
EMEA managed revenues increased by 18.3% to £84 million and operating profit increased by 16.2% to £43 million. The growth was driven by management contracts negotiated in 2006 as part of the hotel disposal programme in Europe and strong underlying trading in markets such as the Middle East, the United Kingdom, Spain and Russia.
Franchised revenue and operating profit increased by 14.3% to £40 million and 20.8% to £29 million respectively. The growth was principally driven by RevPAR gains and room count expansion in the United Kingdom and Continental Europe.
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Asia Pacific
Continuing Asia Pacific Results
| December 31, | December 31, | |||||
| 2007 | 2006 | Change | ||||
| ($ million) | % | |||||
| Revenue: | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 145 | 131 | 10.7 | |||
| Managed | 99 | 65 | 52.3 | |||
| Franchised | 16 | 8 | 100.0 | |||
| 260 | 204 | 27.5 | ||||
| Operating profit before exceptional operating items: | ||||||
| Owned and leased | 36 | 31 | 16.1 | |||
| Managed | 46 | 39 | 17.9 | |||
| Franchised | 6 | 5 | 20.0 | |||
| 88 | 75 | 17.3 | ||||
| Regional overheads | (25 | ) | (23 | ) | (8.7 | ) |
| Total $ million | 63 | 52 | 21.2 | |||
| Sterling equivalent £ | ||||||
| million (i) | 31 | 29 | 6.9 |
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(i) The results have been translated into pounds sterling at weighted average rates of exchange for the year. The translation rates are fiscal 2007: £1 = $2.01 (2006 £1 = $1.84).
Asia Pacific revenue increased by 27.5% to $260 million whilst operating profit increased by 21.2% to $63 million.
The region achieved strong RevPAR growth across all brands and ownership types and continued its strategic expansion in China and Japan. Strong growth in total profit was achieved; however, revenue conversion was impacted by continued investment to support expansion, resulting in a 1.3 percentage point reduction in operating profit margins to 24.2%.
In the owned and leased estate, revenue increased by 10.7% to $145 million due to the combined impact of strong room and food and beverage trading at the InterContinental Hong Kong, despite the impact of renovation works throughout a significant part of the year. The hotels revenue growth combined with profit margin gains drove the estates operating profit growth of 16.1% to $36 million.
Managed revenues increased by 52.3% to $99 million as a result of the full year contribution from the hotels which joined the system in 2006 as part of the IHG ANA joint venture in Japan, continued organic expansion in China and solid RevPAR growth across Southern Asia and Australia. Operating profit increased by 17.9% to $46 million as revenue gains were offset by integration and ongoing costs associated with the ANA joint venture and continued infrastructure investment in China.
Franchised revenues doubled from £8 million to $16 million, primarily driven by hotels in the IHG ANA joint venture. Similar to the managed operations, growth in profitability was impacted by ANA integration and ongoing costs.
Regional overheads increased by $2 million to $25 million primarily as a result of investments in technology and corporate infrastructure in China and Japan and included the favourable impact of a legal settlement.
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Central
| December 31, | December 31, | ||||
| 2007 | 2006 | Change | |||
| (£ million) | % | ||||
| Revenue | 58 | 55 | 5.5 | ||
| Gross central costs | (139 | ) | (136 | ) | 2.2 |
| Net central costs £ million | (81 | ) | (81 | ) | |
| Dollar equivalent | |||||
| $ million (i) | (163 | ) | (149 | ) | 9.4 |
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(i) The results have been translated into US dollars at weighted average rates of exchange for the year. The translation rates are fiscal 2007: $1 = £0.50 (2006 $1 = £0.54).
During 2007, net central costs were flat on 2006 but increased in line with inflation when translated at constant currency exchange rates.
Highlights for the 12 months ended December 31, 2006
The following is a discussion of the year ended December 31, 2006 compared with the year ended December 31, 2005.
Group results
Revenue from continuing operations increased by 12.8% to £786 million and continuing operating profit increased by 14.3% to £200 million during the 12 months ended December 31, 2006
Americas
Revenue and operating profit from continuing operations increased by 13.2% to $778 million and 16.2% to $395 million respectively during 2006. Underlying trading performance across all ownership types was strong, although the pace of RevPAR growth achieved in the first half of the year was not maintained throughout the second half of the year.
Continuing owned and leased revenue increased by 6.7% to $192 million. Owned and leased InterContinental branded hotels achieved RevPAR growth in excess of 13% over 2005, driven by gains in both daily rates and occupancy levels. The owned and leased results were impacted, as expected, by a $6 million loss at the recently opened InterContinental Boston. Excluding this loss, the combined impact of RevPAR growth and operating efficiencies led to a 7.7% increase in operating profit from continuing owned and leased hotels.
Managed revenues increased by 21.2% to $143 million during the year as a result of strong underlying trading, restructured management agreements, an increased number of hotels under management contracts and the full year benefit of contracts negotiated during 2005 as part of the hotel disposal programme. RevPAR growth in the managed hotels was strong across most brands. Holiday Inn growth levels were impacted during the fourth quarter by hotel refurbishments (nine of the 28 hotels). Managed revenues include $80 million (2005 $70 million) from properties that are structured, for legal reasons, as operating leases but with the same characteristics as management contracts. Managed operating profit increased by 38.9% to $50 million including $9 million (2005 $9 million) from the managed properties held as operating leases and $3 million from the receipt of business interruption proceeds following hurricane damage in 2005. As a consequence of the 2005 hurricane season, ongoing insurance costs increased significantly, reducing managed operating profit in 2006 by an incremental $3 million.
Franchised revenue and operating profit increased by 13.9% to $443 million and 12.4% to $382 million respectively, driven by RevPAR growth of 9.2%, net room count growth of 4% and fees associated with record levels of signings. The RevPAR gains were achieved across all brands despite high prior year comparables. Holiday Inn Express and Crowne Plaza both reported double digit RevPAR growth, driven by higher daily rates.
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The Americas regional overheads were 4.8% lower in 2006, primarily as a result of lower claims in the Group-funded employee healthcare programme.
Europe, Middle East and Africa
Revenue from continuing operations of £198 million was 3.1% ahead of 2005 whilst continuing operating profit increased by 12.1% to £37 million.
In the owned and leased estate, continuing revenues declined by £10 million to £92 million as a result of the major refurbishment at the InterContinental London Park Lane. The hotel reopened in November 2006 following a 13 month closure and did not become fully operational until July 2007. Excluding the impact of the InterContinental London Park Lane in 2005 and 2006, the continuing owned and leased operating profit increased by £4 million, driven by enhanced trading performance at the InterContinental Paris Le Grand where RevPAR growth was more than 25% over 2005.
Managed revenues and operating profit increased by 29.1% to £71 million and 19.4% to £37 million respectively. The growth was driven by the impact of management contracts negotiated in 2005 and 2006 as part of the hotel disposal programme in the United Kingdom and Europe, together with strong RevPAR growth in key regions including Continental Europe and the Middle East.
Franchised revenue of £35 million was in line with 2005 revenues, whilst operating profit decreased by £2 million to £24 million. The prior year included £7 million in liquidated damages for the termination of franchise contracts in South Africa. Excluding the impact of this, franchised operating profit increased by 26.3% as a result of strong RevPAR growth across the United Kingdom and Continental Europe and increased room count. The increased room count was driven by the negotiation of franchise contracts in Continental Europe as part of the hotel disposal programme and further expansion in the region.
Asia Pacific
Revenue and operating profit from continuing operations increased by 28.3% to $204 million and 33.3% to $52 million respectively during 2006.
Continuing owned and leased operating profit increased by 55.0% to $31 million driven by trading at the InterContinental Hong Kong which achieved rate-led RevPAR growth of over 30.0%. The hotel also benefited from a rooms refurbishment programme and the prior year repositioning of its food and beverage operations.
The managed estate achieved revenue growth of 44.4%, increasing from $45 million to $65 million, due to the retention of management contracts on the 10 owned and leased hotels sold in 2005 combined with strong underlying trading in Greater China where comparable RevPAR increased by 12.1% over 2005.
Regional overheads increased by $8 million to $23 million. The increase reflects infrastructure and development costs including additional headcount, office facility and IT costs, all associated with ongoing expansion in the region.
Central
Net central costs increased by £16 million to £81 million and included significant investment in new global research, designed to enable higher quality brand development and enhance IHGs franchising capability; the increase also included higher IT infrastructure costs.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Sources of Liquidity
The Company is financed by a £1.1 billion Syndicated Facility which has a maturity of November 2009. Short-term borrowing requirements are met from drawings under bilateral bank facilities.
At December 31, 2007, gross debt was £877 million (£883 million after derivative transactions). The currency denomination of gross debt, after derivative transactions, was £275 million of sterling denominated borrowings,
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£121 million of euro denominated borrowings, £439 million of US dollar denominated borrowings and £48 million of borrowings denominated in other currencies mainly Hong Kong dollars.
At December 31, 2007 committed bank facilities amounted to £1,154 million of which £377 million were unutilized. Uncommitted facilities totaled £25 million. In the Companys opinion, the available facilities are sufficient for the Companys present requirements.
The Company also held short term deposits and investments at December 31, 2007 amounting to £52 million (£58 million after the effect of derivative transactions). Credit risk on treasury transactions is minimized by operating a policy on investment of surplus funds that generally restricts counterparties to those with an A credit rating or better or those providing adequate security. Limits are also set on the amounts invested with individual counterparties. Most of the Companys surplus funds are held in the United Kingdom or United States and there are no material funds where repatriation is restricted as a result of foreign exchange regulations.
The Company is in compliance with its financial covenants in its loan documentation none of which represent a material restriction on funding or investment policy in the foreseeable future.
Details of exchange and interest rate risk and financial instruments are disclosed in Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
Cash From Operating Activities
Net cash from operating activities totaled £232 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 (2006 £236 million). The decrease includes the impact of higher interest payments and special pension contributions of £30 million.
Cash flow from operating activities is the principal source of cash used to fund the ongoing operating expenses, interest payments, maintenance capital expenditure and dividend payments of the Group. The Group believes that the requirements of its existing business and future investment can be met from cash generated internally, disposition of assets and businesses and external finance expected to be available to it.
Cash From Investing Activities
Net cash outflows from investing activities totaled £19 million (2006 £614 million inflow). The decrease is primarily due to a lower level of asset disposals in 2007.
Cash Used in Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities totaled £344 million (2006 £1,002 million). Cash outflows associated with shareholder returns in 2007 totaled £854 million and included £81 million of share repurchases and a special dividend of £709 million. Borrowings increased by £553 million.
As of December 31, 2007, the Company had committed contractual capital expenditure of £10 million. Contracts for expenditure on fixed assets are not authorized by the directors on an annual basis, as divisional capital expenditure is controlled by cash flow budgets. Authorization of major projects occurs shortly before contracts are placed.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As at December 31, 2007, the Company had no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on the Companys financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.
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Contractual Obligations
The Company had the following contractual obligations outstanding as of December 31, 2007:
| committed | 1 year | 1-3 Years | 3-5 years | 5 years | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | |||||
| Long-term | |||||
| debt (i) | 777 | | 777 | | |
| Finance lease | |||||
| obligations (ii) | 1,729 | 8 | 16 | 16 | 1,689 |
| Operating lease obligations | 196 | 28 | 35 | 25 | 108 |
| Agreed pension scheme contributions | 28 | 18 | 10 | | |
| Capital contracts placed | 10 | 10 | | | |
| 2,740 | 64 | 838 | 41 | 1,797 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
| (i) | Repayment period classified
according to the related facility maturity date. |
| --- | --- |
| (ii) | Represents the minimum lease
payments related to the 99 year lease on the
InterContinental Boston. |
The Company may provide performance guarantees to third-party owners to secure management contracts. The maximum exposure under such guarantees is £121 million (2006 £142 million). It is the view of the directors that, other than to the extent that liabilities have been provided for in the Consolidated Financial Statements, such guarantees are not expected to result in financial loss to the Group.
As of December 31, 2007, the Company had outstanding letters of credit of £31 million mainly relating to self-insurance programs.
The Company may guarantee loans made to facilitate third-party ownership of hotels in which the Company has an equity interest and also a management contract. As of December 31, 2007, the Company was a guarantor of loans which could amount to a maximum exposure of £14 million.
The Company has given warranties in respect of the disposal of certain of its former subsidiaries. The Company believes that, other than to the extent that liabilities have been provided for in the Consolidated Financial Statements, such warranties are not expected to result in financial loss to the Company.
Pension Plan Commitments
IHG operates the InterContinental Hotels UK Pension Plan and, in the United States, the InterContinental Hotels Pension Plan and the InterContinental Hotels non-qualified plans.
The InterContinental Hotels UK Pension Plan was established with effect from April 1, 2003. On an IAS 19 Employee Benefits basis, at December 31, 2007 the Plan had a surplus of £30 million. The defined benefits section of this Plan is generally closed to new members. In addition, there are unfunded UK pension arrangements for certain members affected by the lifetime allowance; at December 31, 2007, these arrangements had an IAS 19 deficit of £23 million. In 2008, the Company expects to make regular contributions to the UK pension plan of £6 million. In addition, the Company has agreed to pay special contributions of £20 million to the UK pension plan; £10 million in 2008 and £10 million in 2009.
The US-based plans are closed to new members and pensionable service no longer accrues for current employee members. On an IAS 19 basis, at December 31, 2007 the plans had a combined deficit of $45 million. In 2008, the Company expects to make regular contributions to these plans of $4 million.
The Company is exposed to the funding risks in relation to the defined benefit sections of the InterContinental Hotels UK Pension Plan and the US-based InterContinental Hotels Pension Plan, as explained in Item 3. Key Information Risk Factors.
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ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT
Overall strategic direction of the Group is provided by the board of directors, comprising executive and non-executive directors, and by members of the executive committee.
The directors and officers of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC as at March 14, 2008 are:
Directors
| Initially — appointed to | Date of next — reappointment | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Title | the board | by shareholders |
| Andrew | |||
| Cosslett (3) | Director and Chief Executive | 2005 | 2008 |
| David | |||
| Kappler (1)(3) | Director and Senior Independent Director | 2004 | 2008 |
| Ralph | |||
| Kugler (1)(3) | Director | 2003 | 2008 |
| Jennifer | |||
| Laing (1) | Director | 2005 | 2009 |
| Robert C. | |||
| Larson (1)(2) | Director | 2003 | 2008 |
| Jonathan | |||
| Linen (1) | Director | 2005 | 2009 |
| Stevan Porter | Director and President, The Americas | 2003 | 2009 |
| Sir David | |||
| Prosser (1)(5) | Director | 2003 | |
| Richard Solomons | Director and Finance Director | 2003 | 2010 |
| David Webster | Chairman | 2003 | 2010 |
| Ying | |||
| Yeh (1)(4) | Director | 2007 | 2008 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
| (1) | Non-executive independent director. |
|---|---|
| (2) | Robert C. Larson, having served for |
| over 9 years as a director, is required to retire and stand | |
| for re-election at each Annual General Meeting, if he wishes to continue to | |
| serve as a director. He is planning to retire as a director on | |
| December 31, 2008. | |
| (3) | Andrew Cosslett, David Kappler and |
| Ralph Kugler are required, under the Companys Articles of | |
| Association, to stand for re-election at the 2008 Annual General Meeting. | |
| (4) | Ying Yeh is required to stand for |
| election by shareholders for the first time since her | |
| appointment as a director in December 2007. | |
| (5) | Sir David Prosser is planning to |
| retire as a director on May 31, 2008. |
Officers
| Name | Title | |
|---|---|---|
| Tom Conophy | Executive Vice President and Chief Information Officer | 2006 |
| Peter Gowers | President, Asia Pacific | 2003 |
| Kirk Kinsell | President, EMEA | 2007 |
| Tracy Robbins | Executive Vice President, Global Human Resources | 2005 |
| Tom Seddon | Executive Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer | 2007 |
| Richard Winter | Executive Vice President, Corporate Services, General Counsel | |
| and Company Secretary | 2003 |
Former Directors and Officers
Richard Hartman served as Director and President, EMEA from 2003 until September 2007. Patrick Imbardelli served as President, Asia Pacific, from 2003 until June 2007. Anthony South, a senior employee of the Company, served as acting Chief Executive, Asia Pacific, from June 2007 to November 2007, at which time Peter Gowers assumed the role of President, Asia Pacific.
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Directors and Officers
David Webster
Appointed Deputy Chairman and Senior Independent Director of InterContinental Hotels Group on the separation of Six Continents PLC in April 2003. Appointed Non-Executive Chairman on 1 January 2004. Also Non-Executive Chairman of Makinson Cowell Limited, a capital markets advisory firm, and a member of the Appeals Committee of the Panel on Takeovers and Mergers. Formerly Chairman of Safeway plc and a Non-Executive Director of Reed Elsevier PLC. Chairman of the Nomination Committee. Age 63.
Andrew Cosslett
Appointed Chief Executive in February 2005, joining the Group from Cadbury Schweppes plc where he was most recently President, Europe, Middle East & Africa. During his career at Cadbury Schweppes he held a variety of senior regional management and marketing roles in UK and Asia Pacific. Also has over 11 years experience in brand marketing with Unilever. Non-Executive Chairman of Duchy Originals Limited. Age 52.
Richard Solomons
Qualified as a chartered accountant in 1985, followed by seven years in investment banking, based in London and New York. Joined the Group in 1992 and held a variety of senior finance and operational roles. Appointed Finance Director of the Hotels business in October 2002 in anticipation of the separation of Six Continents PLC in April 2003. Responsible for corporate and regional finance, Group financial control, strategy, investor relations, tax and treasury. Age 46.
Stevan Porter
Previously 13 years with Hilton Corporation in a variety of senior management positions. Joined the Group in 2001 as Chief Operating Officer, The Americas. Subsequently, as President, The Americas, he was appointed an Executive Director in April 2003. Responsible for business development and performance of all the hotel brands and properties in the Americas region. Additionally, has responsibility for the development and deployment of best practice in franchising, globally. Age 53.
David Kappler
Appointed a Director and Senior Independent Director in June 2004. Non-Executive Chairman of Premier Foods plc and a Non-Executive Director of Shire plc. A qualified accountant and formerly Chief Financial Officer of Cadbury Schweppes plc until April 2004. Also served as a Non-Executive Director of Camelot Group plc and of HMV Group plc. Chairman of the Audit Committee. Age 61.
Ralph Kugler
Appointed a Director in April 2003, he is President, Unilever Home and Personal Care, and joined the boards of Unilever plc and Unilever NV in May 2005. Held a variety of senior positions globally for Unilever and has experience of regional management in Asia, Latin America and Europe, with over 25 years experience of general management and brand marketing. Will step down from the Unilever boards in May 2008. Will become Chairman of the Remuneration Committee following the retirement of Sir David Prosser on 31 May 2008. Age 52.
Jennifer Laing
Appointed a Director in August 2005, she was Associate Dean, External Relations at London Business School, until 2007. A fellow of the Marketing Society and of the Institute of Practitioners in Advertising, she has over 30 years experience in advertising including 16 years with Saatchi & Saatchi, to whom she sold her own agency. Also serves as a Non-Executive Director of Hudson Highland Group Inc., a US human resources company. Age 61.
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Robert C Larson
Appointed a Director in April 2003, he is a Managing Director of Lazard Alternative Investments LLC and Chairman of Lazard Real Estate Partners, LLC. Also Chairman of Larson Realty Group and Non-Executive Chairman of UDR, Inc. Served as a Non-Executive Director of Six Continents PLC (formerly Bass PLC) from 1996 until April 2003. Will retire from the Board on 31 December 2008. Age 73.
Jonathan Linen
Appointed a Director in December 2005, he was formerly Vice Chairman of the American Express Company, having held a range of senior positions throughout his career of over 35 years with American Express. Also serves as a Non-Executive Director of Yum! Brands, Inc. and on a number of US Councils and advisory boards. Age 64.
Sir David Prosser
Qualified actuary with over 40 years experience in financial services. Appointed a Director in April 2003, he was formerly Group Chief Executive of Legal & General Group Plc. Also a Non-Executive Director of Investec plc and of Investec Limited, a Director of the Royal Automobile Club Limited and of Epsom Downs Racecourse Limited. Chairman of the Remuneration Committee. Will retire from the Board on 31 May 2008. Age 64.
Ying Yeh
Appointed a Director in December 2007, she is Chairman and President, North Asia Region, President, Business Development, Asia Pacific Region and Vice President, Eastman Kodak Company. Also a Non-Executive Director of AB Volvo. Prior to joining Kodak in 1997 she was, for 15 years, a diplomat with the US Foreign Service in Hong Kong and Beijing. Age 59.
Other members of the Executive Committee
Richard Winter
Solicitor, qualified in 1973 with over 20 years commercial law experience in private practice. Joined the Group in 1994 as Director of Group Legal and was appointed Company Secretary in 2000. Now responsible for corporate governance, corporate responsibility, risk management, insurance, internal audit, data privacy, company secretariat and Group legal matters. Age 59.
Tom Conophy
Has over 27 years experience in the IT industry, including management and development of new technology solutions within the travel and hospitality business. Joined the Group in February 2006 from Starwood Hotels & Resorts International where he held the position of Executive Vice President & Chief Technology Officer. Responsible for global technology, including IT systems and information management throughout the Group. Age 47.
Peter Gowers
Joined the Group in 1999. Following appointments as Executive Vice President, Global Brand Services in 2003, and as Chief Marketing Officer in 2005, he was appointed President, Asia Pacific in November 2007. Now has responsibility for the business development and performance of all the hotel brands and properties in the Asia Pacific region. Has previous international experience in management consultancy, based in London and Singapore. Age 35.
Kirk Kinsell
Has over 25 years experience in the hospitality industry, including senior franchise positions with Holiday Inn Corporation and ITT Sheraton, prior to joining the group in 2002 as Senior Vice President, Chief Development Officer for the Americas region. Promoted to the role of President, EMEA and joined the Executive Committee in
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September 2007. Responsible for the business development and performance of all the hotel brands and properties in the EMEA region. Age 53.
Tracy Robbins
Has over 22 years experience in line and HR roles in service industries. Joined the Group in December 2005 from Compass Group PLC, a world leading food service company, where she was Group Human Resources Leadership & Development Director. Previously Group HR Director for Forte Hotels Group. Responsible for global talent management and leadership development, reward strategy and implementation. Age 44.
Tom Seddon
Has over 15 years experience in sales and marketing in the hospitality industry, including with IHGs predecessor parent companies from 1994 to 2004. Rejoined the Group in November 2007, from restaurant business SUBWAY ® where he was responsible for worldwide sales and marketing activities. Has in the past held senior positions in management consulting and at Motorola. Has responsibility for worldwide brand management; reservations, e-commerce, global sales, relationship and distribution marketing and loyalty programmes. Age 39.
There are no family relationships between any of the persons named above.
There are no arrangements or understandings with major shareholders, customers, suppliers or others, pursuant to which any person named above was selected as a director or member of senior management.
COMPENSATION
In fiscal 2007, the aggregate compensation (including pension contributions, bonus and awards under the long term incentive plans) of the directors and officers of the Company was £10.06 million. The aggregate amount set aside or accrued by the Company in fiscal 2007 to provide pension retirement or similar benefits for those individuals was £656,000. An amount of £2.04 million was charged in fiscal 2007 in respect of bonuses payable to them under performance related cash bonus schemes and long term incentive plans.
Note 3 of Notes to the Financial Statements sets out the individual compensation of the directors. The following are details of the Companys principal share schemes, in which the directors of the Company participated during the period.
Share Plans
Under the terms of the Separation, holders of options under the Six Continents Executive Share Option Schemes were given the opportunity to exchange their Six Continents options for equivalent value new options over IHG PLC shares. At December 31, 2007 2,696,883 such options were outstanding.
Short Term Deferred Incentive Plan
The IHG Short Term Deferred Incentive Plan (STDIP), now called the Annual Bonus Plan, enables eligible employees, including Executive Directors, to receive all or part of their bonus in the form of shares together with, in certain cases, a matching award of free shares up to half the deferred amount. The bonus and matching shares in the 2004 and 2005 plans are deferred and released in three equal tranches on the first, second and third anniversaries of the award date. The bonus and matching shares in the 2006 and 2007 plans are released on the third anniversary of the award date. Under the 2006 and 2007 plans a percentage of the award (Board members 100% other eligible employees 50%) must be taken in shares and deferred.
Participants may defer the remaining amount on the same terms or take it in cash. The awards in all of the plans are conditional on the participants remaining in the employment of a participating company. Participation in the STDIP is at the discretion of the Remuneration Committee. The number of shares is calculated by dividing a specific percentage of the participants annual performance related bonus by the middle market quoted prices on the three consecutive dealing days immediately preceding the date of grant. A number of executives participated in the plan during the year and conditional rights over 675,515 shares were awarded to participants.
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Long Term Incentive Plan
The Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP), previously called the Performance Restricted Share Plan (PRSP), allows Executive Directors and eligible employees to receive share awards, subject to the satisfaction of a performance condition, set by the Remuneration Committee, which is normally measured over a three year period. Awards are normally made annually and, except in exceptional circumstances, will not exceed three times salary for Executive Directors and four times salary in the case of other eligible employees. During the year, conditional rights over 3,538,535 shares were awarded to employees under the plan. The plan provides for the grant of nil cost options to participate as an alternative to conditional share awards.
Executive Share Option Plan
For options granted, the option price is not less than the market value of an ordinary share, or the nominal value if higher. The market value is the quoted price on the business day preceding the date of grant, or the average of the middle market quoted prices on the three consecutive dealing days immediately preceding the date of the grant. A performance condition has to be met before options can be exercised. The performance condition is set by the Remuneration Committee. The plan was not operated during 2007 and no options were granted in the year under the plan. The latest date that any options may be exercised is April 2015.
Sharesave Plan
The Sharesave Plan is a savings plan whereby employees contract to save a fixed amount each month with a savings institution for three or five years. At the end of the savings term, employees are given the option to purchase shares at a price set before savings began. The Sharesave Plan is available to all UK employees (including Executive Directors) employed by participating Group companies provided that they have been employed for at least one year. The plan provides for the grant of options to subscribe for ordinary shares at the higher of nominal value and not less than 80% of the middle market quotations of the ordinary shares on the three dealing days immediately preceding the invitation date. The plan was not operated during 2007 and no options were granted in the year under the plan. The latest date that any options may be exercised under the three-year plan is 29 February 2008 and under the five-year plan is 28 February 2010.
Options and Ordinary Shares held by Directors
Details of the directors interests in the Companys shares are set out on page 62 and pages F-36 to F-40.
BOARD PRACTICES
Contracts of Service
The Remuneration Committees policy is for Executive Directors to have rolling contracts with a notice period of 12 months.
Andrew Cosslett, Stevan Porter and Richard Solomons have service agreements with a notice period of 12 months. All new appointments are intended to have 12-month notice periods. However, on occasion, to complete an external recruitment successfully, a longer initial period reducing to 12 months may be useful.
David Websters appointment as non-executive Chairman, effective from January 1, 2004, is subject to six months notice.
Non-executive directors, Ralph Kugler, Robert C Larson and Sir David Prosser signed letters of appointment effective from the listing of IHG in April 2003. These were renewed, effective from completion of the capital reorganisation of the Group and the listing of new IHG shares on June 27, 2005. David Kappler signed a letter of appointment effective from his date of original appointment to the Board on June 21, 2004. This was also renewed, effective from June 27, 2005. Jennifer Laing and Jonathan Linen signed letters of appointment effective from their appointment dates, respectively August 25, 2005 and December 1, 2005. Ying Yeh signed a letter of appointment effective from her appointment date of December 1, 2007.
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Directors Contracts
| Contract | Unexpired term/ | |
|---|---|---|
| Directors | date | notice period |
| Andrew Cosslett | 2.3.05 | 12 months |
| Stevan Porter | 4.15.03 | 12 months |
| Richard Solomons | 4.15.03 | 12 months |
Each of the Executive Directors signed a letter of appointment, effective from completion of the capital reorganization of the Company and the listing of new IHG shares on June 27, 2005. The terms of each appointment were as set out in each executive directors original service agreement.
See Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for details of directors service contracts.
Payments on Termination
No provisions for compensation for termination following change of control, or for liquidated damages of any kind, are included in the current directors contracts. In the event of any early termination of an executive directors contract the policy is to seek to minimize any liability.
Upon retirement, and under certain other specified circumstances on termination of his employment, a director will become eligible to receive benefit from his participation in a Company pension plan. See Note 3 of Notes to the Financial Statements for details of directors pension entitlements at December 31, 2007.
Committees
Each Committee of the Board has written terms of reference which have been approved by the Board.
Executive Committee
The Executive Committee is chaired by the Chief Executive. It consists of the executive directors and senior executives from the Group and the regions and usually meets monthly. Its role is to consider and manage a range of important strategic and business issues facing the Group. It is responsible for monitoring the performance of the regional Hotels businesses. It is authorised to approve capital and revenue investment within levels agreed by the Board. It reviews and recommends to the Board the most significant investment proposals.
Audit Committee
The Audit Committee is chaired by David Kappler who has significant recent and relevant financial experience and is the Committees financial expert. During 2007, the other Audit Committee members were Sir David Prosser, Ralph Kugler and Jennifer Laing. All Audit Committee members are independent. The Audit Committee is scheduled to meet at least four times a year and met six times in 2007.
The Audit Committees principal responsibilities are to:
| | review the Groups public statements on internal control
and corporate governance compliance prior to their consideration
by the Board; |
| --- | --- |
| | review the Groups processes for detecting and addressing
fraud, misconduct and control weaknesses and to consider the
response to any such occurrence, including overseeing the
process enabling the anonymous submission of concerns; |
| | review reports from management, internal audit and external
audit concerning the effectiveness of internal control,
financial reporting and risk management processes; |
| | review with management and the external auditor any financial
statements required under UK or US legislation before submission
to the Board; |
| | establish, review and maintain the role and effectiveness of the
internal audit function, including overseeing the appointment of
the Head of Internal Audit; |
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| | assume responsibility for the appointment, compensation,
resignation, dismissal and the overseeing of the external
auditor, including review of the external audit, its cost and
effectiveness; |
| --- | --- |
| | pre-approve non-audit work to be carried out by the external
auditor and the fees to be paid for that work along with the
monitoring of the external auditors independence; and |
| | oversee the Groups Code of Ethics and Business Conduct and
associated procedures for monitoring adherence. |
The Audit Committee discharges its responsibilities through a series of Committee meetings during the year at which detailed reports are presented for review. The Audit Committee commissions reports, either from external advisers, the Head of Internal Audit, or Group management, after consideration of the major risks to the Group or in response to developing issues. The external auditor attends its meetings as does the Head of Internal Audit, both of whom have the opportunity to meet privately with the Audit Committee, in the absence of Group management, at the conclusion of each meeting.
All proposals for the provision of non-audit services by the external auditor are pre-approved by the Audit Committee or its delegated member, the overriding consideration being to ensure that the provision of non-audit services does not impact the external auditors independence and objectivity.
Remuneration Committee
The Remuneration Committee, chaired by Sir David Prosser, also comprises the following non-executive, directors: David Kappler, Robert C Larson, Jonathan Linen and, from December 1 , 2007, Ying Yeh. It meets at least three times a year. The Remuneration Committee advises the Board on overall remuneration policy. The Remuneration Committee also determines, on behalf of the Board, and with the benefit of advice from external consultants and members of the Human Resources department, the remuneration packages of the executive directors and other members of the Executive Committee. No member of the Remuneration Committee has any personal financial interest, other than as a shareholder, in the matters to be decided by the Remuneration Committee. It met six times in the year.
Nomination Committee
The Nomination Committee comprises any three Non-Executive Directors although, where possible, all Non-Executive Directors are present. It is chaired by the Chairman of the Company. Its terms of reference reflect the principal duties proposed as good practice and referred to in the Combined Code. The Nomination Committee nominates, for approval by the Board, candidates for appointment to the Board. The Nomination Committee generally engages external consultants to advise on candidates for Board appointments and did so in connection with the appointment of Ying Yeh. Candidate profiles and objective selection criteria are prepared in advance of any engagements. The Nomination Committee also has responsibility for succession planning and assists in identifying and developing the role of the Senior Independent Director. The Nomination Committee met seven times during the year.
Disclosure Committee
The Disclosure Committee, chaired by the Groups Financial Controller, and comprising the Company Secretary and other senior executives, reports to the Chief Executive and the Finance Director, and to the Audit Committee. Its duties include ensuring that information required to be disclosed in reports pursuant to UK and US accounting, statutory or listing requirements, fairly represents the Groups position in all material respects.
General Purposes Committee
The General Purposes Committee comprises any one Executive Committee member together with a senior officer from an agreed and restricted list of senior executives. It is always chaired by an Executive Committee member. It attends to business of a routine nature and to the administration of matters, the principles of which have been agreed previously by the Board or an appropriate committee.
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A description of the significant ways in which the Companys actual corporate governance practices differ from the New York Stock Exchange corporate governance requirements followed by US companies can be found on the Companys website at www.ihg.com.
EMPLOYEES
The Group employed an average of 10,366 people worldwide in the year ended December 31, 2007. Of these, approximately 94% were employed on a full-time basis and 6% were employed on a part-time basis.
The table below analyzes the distribution of the average number of employees for the last three fiscal periods by division and by geographic region.
| 2007 | 2,739 | 3,761 | 2,716 | 1,150 | 10,366 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 4,437 | 3,771 | 2,225 | 1,023 | 11,456 |
| 2005: | |||||
| Hotels | 10,477 | 5,832 | 1,737 | 949 | 18,995 |
| Soft | |||||
| Drinks (i) | 2,991 | | | | 2,991 |
| Total | 13,468 | 5,832 | 1,737 | 949 | 21,986 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
(i) With effect from December 14, 2005, the Group no longer employed any individuals in the Soft Drinks Sector.
Under EU law, many employees of Group companies are now covered by the Working Time Regulations which came into force in the United Kingdom on October 1, 1998. These regulations implemented the European Working Time Directive and parts of the Young Workers Directive, and lay down rights and protections for employees in areas such as maximum working hours, minimum rest time, minimum days off and paid leave.
In the United Kingdom there is in place a national minimum wage under the National Minimum Wage Act. At December 31, 2007, the minimum wage for individuals between 18 and under the age of 22 was £4.60 per hour and £5.52 per hour for individuals age 22 and above. This particularly impacts businesses in the hospitality and retailing sectors. Compliance with the National Minimum Wage Act is being monitored by the Low Pay Commission, an independent statutory body established by the UK Government.
Less than 5% of the Groups UK employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements with trade unions.
Continual attention is paid to the external market in order to ensure that terms of employment are appropriate. The Group believes the Group companies will be able to conduct their relationships with trade unions and employees in a satisfactory manner.
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SHARE OWNERSHIP
The interests of the directors and officers of the Company at March 14, 2008 were as follows:
| of
13 29 / 47 pence | outstanding | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Directors | | |
| Andrew Cosslett | 240,229 | 0.08 |
| David Kappler | 1,400 | N/A |
| Ralph Kugler | 1,169 | N/A |
| Jennifer Laing | 1,404 | N/A |
| Robert C.
Larson (1) | 10,269 | N/A |
| Jonathan
Linen (1) | 7,343 | N/A |
| Stevan Porter | 230,303 | 0.08 |
| Sir David Prosser | 2,402 | N/A |
| Richard Solomons | 225,287 | 0.07 |
| David Webster | 31,938 | 0.01 |
| Ying Yeh | Nil | N/A |
| Officers | | |
| Tom Conophy | 35,112 | 0.01 |
| Peter Gowers | 139,790 | 0.05 |
| Tracy Robbins | 32,833 | 0.01 |
| Richard Winter | 139,088 | 0.05 |
| Kirk Kinsell | 61,910 | 0.02 |
| Tom Seddon | 24,000 | N/A |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
(1) Held in the form of American Depositary Receipts
The above shareholdings are all beneficial interests. The percentage of ordinary share capital owned by each of the directors is negligible.
The directors interests in options to subscribe for shares in InterContinental Hotels Group PLC as at December 31, 2007 are set out on page F-39.
The directors do not have different voting rights from other shareholders of the Company.
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ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS
As far as is known to management, IHG is not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by another corporation or by any government. Under the provisions of the Companies Act, the Company has been advised of the following interests in its shares, being greater than 3% of its issued share capital as of March 14, 2008:
| March 2008 — Number of | Percent | March 2007 — Number of | Percent | March 2006 — Number of | Percent | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identity of person or group | shares/ADSs | of class | shares/ADSs | of class | shares/ADSs | of class |
| Ellerman Corporation Limited | 29,921,742 | 10.00 % | 25,286,950 | 7.13 % | (1) | (1) |
| Morgan Stanley Investment Management Limited | 16,494,690 | 5.60 % | (1) | (1) | (1) | (1) |
| Cedar Rock Capital Limited | 14,923,417 | 5.07 % | (1) | (1) | (1) | (1) |
| Morgan Stanley Institutional Securities Group & Global | ||||||
| Wealth Management | 13,551,634 | 4.60 % | (1) | (1) | (1) | (1) |
| Legal & General Group Plc | 12,179,257 | 4.09 % | 11,927,715 | 3.37 % | 13,753,588 | 3.17 % |
| Lloyds TSB Group Plc | 13,619,563 | 3.84 % | 13,619,563 | 3.84 % | 19,534,651 | 4.51 % |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
(1) No notification of an above 3% shareholding received.
The Companys major shareholders do not have different voting rights from other shareholders of the Company. The Company does not know of any arrangements the operation of which may result in a change in its control.
As of March 14, 2008, 19,909,509 ADSs equivalent to 19,909,509 ordinary shares, or approximately 6.8% of the total ordinary shares in issue, were outstanding and were held by 916 holders. Since certain ordinary shares are registered in the names of nominees, the number of shareholders of record may not be representative of the number of beneficial owners.
As of March 14, 2008, there were a total of 62,133 record holders of ordinary shares, of whom 287 had registered addresses in the United States and held a total of 904,114 ordinary shares (0.3% of the total issued).
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The Company has not entered into any related party transactions or loans for the period beginning January 1, 2007 up to March 14, 2008.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Financial Statements
See Item 18. Financial Statements.
Legal Proceedings
Group companies have extensive operations in the United Kingdom, as well as internationally, and are involved in a number of legal and arbitration proceedings incidental to those operations. It is the Companys view that such proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, have not in the recent past and are not likely to have a significant effect on the Groups financial position or profitability.
Dividends
See Item 3. Key Information Dividends.
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SIGNIFICANT CHANGES
None.
ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING
The principal trading market for the Companys ordinary shares is the London Stock Exchange on which Six Continents shares were traded since its incorporation in 1967 until Separation in 2003 and on which InterContinental Hotels Group shares have been traded since Separation. The ordinary shares are also listed on the New York Stock Exchange trading in the form of ADSs evidenced by ADRs. Each ADS represents one ordinary share. InterContinental Hotels Group has a sponsored ADR facility with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as Depositary.
The following tables show, for the fiscal periods indicated, the reported high and low middle market quotations (which represent an average of closing bid and ask prices) for the ordinary shares on the London Stock Exchange, as derived from the Daily Official List of the UK Listing Authority, and the highest and lowest sales prices of the ADSs as reported on the New York Stock Exchange composite tape.
| £ per — ordinary share | $ per ADS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 Months ended December 31 | High | Low | High | Low |
| 2003 October 1 to April 11 Six Continents | 6.35 | 4.61 | 10.08 | 7.49 |
| 2003 April 15 to December 31 IHG | 5.55 | 3.38 | 9.82 | 5.26 |
| Year ended December | ||||
| 31 | ||||
| 2004 | 6.91 | 4.79 | 13.09 | 8.70 |
| 2005 | 8.42 | 6.12 | 14.53 | 11.49 |
| £ per — ordinary share | $ per ADS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year ended December 31 | High | Low | High | Low |
| 2006 | ||||
| First quarter | 9.01 | 8.07 | 15.83 | 14.40 |
| Second | ||||
| quarter (1) | 10.00 | 8.98 | 21.21 | 16.54 |
| Third quarter | 9.56 | 8.37 | 17.91 | 15.99 |
| Fourth quarter | 12.65 | 9.31 | 26.27 | 17.64 |
| 2007 | ||||
| First quarter | 13.42 | 12.06 | 30.81 | 27.17 |
| Second | ||||
| quarter (2) | 14.20 | 12.41 | 32.59 | 24.78 |
| Third quarter | 13.16 | 9.19 | 26.59 | 18.52 |
| Fourth quarter | 11.20 | 8.73 | 23.34 | 17.37 |
| 2008 | ||||
| First quarter (through March 14, 2008) | 8.61 | 6.44 | 16.88 | 13.26 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
| (1) | Prices adjusted for the share
consolidation effective June 12, 2006. Unadjusted prices
for the quarter were £10.01 and £8.98 and $18.56 and
$15.06, respectively. |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | Prices adjusted for the share
consolidation effective June 4, 2007. Unadjusted prices for
the quarter were £14.13 and £12.16 and $28.18 and
$24.17 respectively. |
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| £ per — ordinary share | $ per ADS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month ended | High | Low | High | Low |
| September 2007 | 10.38 | 9.19 | 21.06 | 18.52 |
| October 2007 | 11.20 | 9.93 | 23.34 | 20.39 |
| November 2007 | 11.06 | 9.04 | 22.87 | 18.63 |
| December 2007 | 9.64 | 8.73 | 19.66 | 17.37 |
| January 2008 | 8.61 | 6.44 | 16.88 | 13.26 |
| February 2008 | 8.47 | 7.24 | 16.82 | 14.24 |
| March 2008 (through to March 14, 2008) | 7.96 | 7.62 | 15.85 | 15.15 |
Fluctuations in the exchange rates between pounds sterling and the US dollar will affect the dollar equivalent of the pounds sterling price of the ordinary shares on the London Stock Exchange and, as a result, are likely to affect the market price of ADSs.
On June 4, 2007, the share capital of the Company was consolidated on the basis of 47 new ordinary shares for every 56 existing ordinary shares.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
Not applicable.
SELLING SHAREHOLDERS
Not applicable.
DILUTION
Not applicable.
EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE
Not applicable.
ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
The following summarizes material rights of holders of the Companys ordinary shares under the material provisions of the Companys memorandum and articles of association and English law. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Companies Act and the Companys memorandum and articles of association. The Companys memorandum and articles of association are filed as an exhibit to this 20-F.
The Companys shares may be held in certificated or uncertificated form. No holder of the Companys shares will be required to make additional contributions of capital in respect of the Companys shares in the future.
In the following description, a shareholder is the person registered in the Companys register of members as the holder of the relevant share.
Principal Objects
The Company is incorporated under the name InterContinental Hotels Group PLC and is registered in England and Wales with registered number 5134420. The Companys memorandum of association provides that its objects include to acquire certain predecessor companies and carry on business as an investment holding company, licensed victuallers, to deal in commodities, to acquire and operate breweries, hotels and restaurants, as well as to carry on any other business which the Company may judge capable of enhancing the value of the Companys property or rights. The memorandum grants to the Company a range of corporate capabilities to effect these objects.
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Directors
Under the Companys articles of association, a director may not vote in respect of any proposal in which he, or any person connected with him, has any material interest other than by virtue of his interests in securities of, or otherwise in or through, the Company. This is subject to certain exceptions relating to proposals (a) indemnifying him in respect of obligations incurred on behalf of the Company, (b) indemnifying a third party in respect of obligations of the Company for which the director has assumed responsibility under an indemnity or guarantee, (c) relating to an offer of securities in which he will be interested as an underwriter, (d) concerning another body corporate in which the director is beneficially interested in less than one percent of the issued shares of any class of shares of such a body corporate, (e) relating to an employee benefit in which the director will share equally with other employees and (f) relating to liability insurance that the Company is empowered to purchase for the benefit of directors of the Company in respect of actions undertaken as directors (or officers) of the Company.
The directors are empowered to exercise all the powers of the Company to borrow money, subject to the limitation that the aggregate amount of all moneys borrowed by the Company and its subsidiaries shall not exceed an amount equal to three times the Companys share capital and consolidated reserves, unless sanctioned by an ordinary resolution of the Company.
Directors are not required to hold any shares of the Company by way of qualification.
Rights Attaching to Shares
Under English law, dividends are payable on the Companys ordinary shares only out of profits available for distribution, as determined in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United Kingdom and by the Companies Act. Holders of the Companys ordinary shares are entitled to receive such dividends as may be declared by the shareholders in general meeting, rateably according to the amounts paid up on such shares, provided that the dividend cannot exceed the amount recommended by the directors.
The Companys board of directors may pay shareholders such interim dividends as appear to them to be justified by the Companys financial position. If authorized by an ordinary resolution of the shareholders, the board of directors may also direct payment of a dividend in whole or in part by the distribution of specific assets (and in particular of paid up shares or debentures of any other company).
Any dividend unclaimed after six years from the date the dividend was declared, or became due for payment, will be forfeited and will revert to the Company.
Voting Rights
Voting at any general meeting of shareholders is by a show of hands unless a poll, which is a written vote, is duly demanded. On a show of hands, every shareholder who is present in person or by proxy at a general meeting has one vote regardless of the number of shares held. On a poll, every shareholder who is present in person or by proxy has one vote for every 13 29 / 47 pence in nominal amount of the shares held by that shareholder. A poll may be demanded by any of the following:
| | the chairman of the meeting; |
|---|---|
| | at least five shareholders present in person or by proxy and |
| entitled to vote at the meeting; | |
| | any shareholder or shareholders representing in the aggregate |
| not less than one-tenth of the total voting rights of all | |
| shareholders entitled to vote at the meeting; or | |
| | any shareholder or shareholders holding shares conferring a |
| right to vote at the meeting on which there have been paid-up sums | |
| in the aggregate equal to not less than one-tenth of the total | |
| sum paid up on all the shares conferring that right. |
A proxy form will be treated as giving the proxy the authority to demand a poll, or to join others in demanding one.
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The necessary quorum for a general meeting is three persons carrying a right to vote upon the business to be transacted, whether present in person or by proxy.
Matters are transacted at general meetings of the Company by the proposing and passing of resolutions, of which there are three kinds:
| | an ordinary resolution, which includes resolutions for the
election of directors, the approval of financial statements, the
cumulative annual payment of dividends, the appointment of
auditors, the increase of authorized share capital or the grant
of authority to allot shares; |
| --- | --- |
| | a special resolution, which includes resolutions amending the
Companys memorandum and articles of association,
disapplying statutory pre-emption rights or changing the
Companys name; and |
| | an extraordinary resolution, which includes resolutions
modifying the rights of any class of the Companys shares
at a meeting of the holders of such class or relating to certain
matters concerning the Companys winding up. |
An ordinary resolution requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes of those persons voting at a meeting at which there is a quorum.
Special and extraordinary resolutions require the affirmative vote of not less than three-fourths of the persons voting at a meeting at which there is a quorum.
In the case of an equality of votes, whether on a show of hands or on a poll, the chairman of the meeting is entitled to cast the deciding vote in addition to any other vote he may have.
Annual General Meetings must be convened upon advance written notice of 21 days. Other meetings must be convened upon advance written notice of 21 days for the passing of a special resolution and 14 days for any other resolution, depending on the nature of the business to be transacted. The days of delivery or receipt of the notice are not included. The notice must specify the nature of the business to be transacted. The board of directors may if they choose make arrangements for shareholders who are unable to attend the place of the meeting to participate at other places.
Each Director shall retire every three years at the Annual General Meeting and unless otherwise decided by the Directors, shall be eligible for re-election.
Variation of Rights
If, at any time, the Companys share capital is divided into different classes of shares, the rights attached to any class may be varied, subject to the provisions of the Companies Act, with the consent in writing of holders of three-fourths in nominal value of the issued shares of that class or upon the adoption of an extraordinary resolution passed at a separate meeting of the holders of the shares of that class. At every such separate meeting, all of the provisions of the articles of association relating to proceedings at a general meeting apply, except that the quorum is to be the number of persons (which must be two or more) who hold or represent by proxy not less than one-third in nominal value of the issued shares of the class.
Rights in a Winding-up
Except as the Companys shareholders have agreed or may otherwise agree, upon the Companys winding up, the balance of assets available for distribution:
| | after the payment of all creditors including certain
preferential creditors, whether statutorily preferred creditors
or normal creditors; and |
| --- | --- |
| | subject to any special rights attaching to any class of shares; |
is to be distributed among the holders of ordinary shares according to the amounts paid-up on the shares held by them. This distribution is generally to be made in cash. A liquidator may, however, upon the adoption of an extraordinary resolution of the shareholders, divide among the shareholders the whole or any part of the Companys assets in kind.
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Limitations on Voting and Shareholding
There are no limitations imposed by English law or the Companys memorandum or articles of association on the right of non-residents or foreign persons to hold or vote the Companys ordinary shares or ADSs, other than the limitations that would generally apply to all of the Companys shareholders.
MATERIAL CONTRACTS
The following contracts have been entered into otherwise than in the course of ordinary business by members of the Group either (i) in the two years immediately preceding the date of this document in the case of contracts which are or may be material or (ii) which contain provisions under which any Group member has any obligation or entitlement which is material to the Group as at the date of this document. To the extent that these agreements include representations, warranties and indemnities, such provisions are considered standard in an agreement of that nature, save to the extent identified below.
IHG Facility Agreement
On November 9, 2004, InterContinental Hotels Limited signed a five year £1,600 million bank facility agreement (the IHG Facility Agreement) with The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Ltd., Barclays Capital, Citigroup Global Markets Limited, HSBC Bank plc, J.P. Morgan plc, Lloyds TSB Bank plc, The Royal Bank of Scotland plc, SG Corporate & Investment Banking (the corporate and investment banking division of Société Generale) and WestLB AG, London Branch, all acting as mandated lead arrangers and underwriters and HSBC Bank plc as agent bank.
The facility was split into a £1.1 billion five year revolving credit facility and a £500 million 364 day revolving credit facility. The latter was canceled in November 2005.
The interest margin payable on borrowings under the IHG Facility Agreement is linked to IHGs consolidated net debt to consolidated EBITDA ratio; initially the margin was set at LIBOR + 0.375% p.a. The margin can vary between LIBOR + 0.325% and LIBOR + 0.60% depending on the level of the ratio.
As part of this refinancing the Group repurchased its euro and sterling denominated bonds. The Groups new parent company InterContinental Hotels Group PLC, acceded to the IHG Facility Agreement in July 2005, following a capital restructuring in June 2005.
Disposal to Hospitality Properties Trust
On December 17, 2004, BHR Texas L.P., InterContinental Hotels Group Resources, Inc., Crowne Plaza LAX, LLC, Crowne Plaza Hilton Head Holding Company, Holiday Pacific Partners Limited Partnership, 220 Bloor Street Hotel Inc. and Staybridge Markham, Inc. (together, the Vendors) entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement (as amended and restated on February 9, 2005) with HPT IHG 2 Properties Trust (HPT IHG-2), pursuant to which HPT IHG-2 purchased from the Vendors 12 hotels situated in the United States and Canada. On the same date, Six Continents International Holdings B.V. (SIH), entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (as amended and restated on February 9, 2005) with HPT IHG-2, pursuant to which HPT IHG-2 purchased from SIH all of the shares in Crowne Plaza (Puerto Rico) Inc., which is the owner of a hotel in Puerto Rico. The total consideration payable by HPT IHG-2 for the sales amounted to US$425 million, before transaction costs, equivalent to net book value (of which US$395 million was received upon the main completion of the sale on February 16, 2005, with the remaining US$30 million received upon the completion of the sale of the InterContinental Hotel in Austin, on June 1, 2005). The Group continues to manage the hotels.
Under the Purchase and Sale Agreement and Stock Purchase Agreement, the Vendors have given certain customary warranties and indemnities to HPT IHG-2.
In connection with the disposals referred to above, IHG has agreed to guarantee certain amounts payable to HPT IHG and HPT IHG-2 in relation to the managed hotels sold by the Group to HPT IHG and HPT IHG-2. The guarantee is for a maximum amount of $125 million and requires amounts to be paid by IHG to HPT IHG and/or
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HPT IHG-2 (and/or their designated affiliate) irrespective of the revenue generated by the relevant hotels. The guarantee may be terminated if certain financial tests are met.
UK Hotels Disposal
A Share Purchase Agreement (the SPA) was entered into on March 10, 2005 between Six Continents, IHC London (Holdings) Limited (IHC Holdings) and LRG. Pursuant to the SPA, Six Continents and IHC Holdings (the Sellers) agreed to sell all of the issued ordinary share capital of Six Continents Hotels & Holidays Limited, Holiday Inn Limited, NAS Cobalt No. 2 Limited and London Forum Hotel Limited respectively (together, the LRG Shares) to LRG and to transfer to LRG certain contractual rights to the extent they related to the hotels LRG indirectly acquired under the SPA (the LRG Hotels) and which remained to be completed or performed, or remained in force, after completion of the sale of the LRG Shares to LRG.
The agreed sale price for the LRG Shares was £1 billion. Proceeds of £40 million were deferred and are contingent upon certain pre-agreed performance targets being reached. Following completion, the Group continues to manage the LRG Hotels.
Under the SPA, the Sellers gave certain warranties in relation to the assets disposed of and LRG gave certain warranties in relation to its authority to enter into the SPA and its capacity to perform its obligations under the SPA. Certain indemnities were also given by the Sellers.
Australasian Hotels Disposals
On September 1, 2005, Holiday Inn Holdings (Australia) Pty Limited, SPHC Group Pty Limited and HIA(T) Pty Limited (for the Australian assets) and Hale International Limited (for the New Zealand asset), all three of which are members of the Group, (IHG) entered into two sale and purchase agreements with HANZ (Australia) Pty Limited (for the Australian assets) and HANZ Holdings (New Zealand) Limited (for the New Zealand asset), both companies being subsidiaries of the Hotel Alternative (Australia and New Zealand) Private Syndicate managed by Eureka Funds Management Limited (Eureka) pursuant to which Eureka purchased from IHG nine hotels situated in Australia and New Zealand for AUS$390 million in cash (before transaction costs) which is AUS$75 million above the net book value of AUS$315 million. IHG gave to Eureka normal warranties in relation to the hotels and an indemnity for pre-completion tax liabilities. The transaction completed on October 31, 2005.
The Group continues to manage the hotels for Eureka under ten year management contracts entered into at the time of the transaction, with an option to extend for ten further years at the Groups discretion.
Disposal to Dabicam SAS
On September 8, 2005, a sale and purchase agreement (SPA) was entered into between BHR Holdings BV, a wholly owned subsidiary of IHG, and Dabicam SAS, an affiliate of GIC Real Estate Pte. Ltd. Under the SPA the seller agreed to sell the InterContinental Hotel Paris. The agreed sale price for the hotel was 315 million. The hotel is no longer operated under an IHG brand. Under the SPA the sellers gave certain customary warranties and indemnities to the purchaser. Following receipt of shareholder approval, in connection with the sale, at an Extraordinary General Meeting of IHG on October 26, 2005 the sale was completed on November 1, 2005.
Britvic Underwriting Agreement
An Underwriting Agreement was entered into on November 25, 2005 between, inter alia, Britvic, IHG in its capacity as a selling shareholder, the directors of Britvic, Citigroup and Deutsche Bank AG (as joint sponsors) and Citigroup, Deutsche Bank AG, Lehman Brothers International (Europe) and Merrill Lynch International (as joint Underwriters). This set out the mechanics for the Britvic initial public offering and included customary termination rights. Britvic gave customary warranties, indemnities and undertakings in the context of an agreement of this sort. IHG also gave customary warranties and indemnities in its capacity as a selling shareholder. Under this agreement, each of the selling shareholders paid a commission equal to 2% of the offer price multiplied by the number of shares sold by that selling shareholder to the joint Underwriters.
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Disposal to Westbridge
On March 10, 2006 a Sale and Purchase Agreement (SPA) was entered into between BHR Luxembourg S.a.r.l. and other wholly owned subsidiaries of IHG as sellers (BHR Luxembourg S.a.r.l. being the principal seller) and Cooperatie Westbridge Europe I U.A. as purchaser and Westbridge Hospitality Fund L.P. as the purchasers guarantor. Under the SPA the sellers agreed to sell 23 hotels situated across Europe in France, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Austria, Italy and Spain.
The agreed sale price was 352 million. IHGs share of the proceeds was 345.2 million (before transaction costs), in cash and the assumption of debt, and the balance of 6.8 million relates to third-party minority interests.
The hotels continue to be operated by the purchaser under the same IHG brands under 15 year franchise agreements.
Under the SPA the sellers gave certain customary warranties and indemnities to the purchaser.
Disposal to Morgan Stanley Real Estate Funds
On July 13, 2006 a sale and purchase agreement (SPA) was entered into between BHR Holdings BV and other wholly owned subsidiaries of IHG as sellers (BHR Holdings BV being the principal seller) and a subsidiary of Morgan Stanley Real Estate Funds MSREF VI Danube BV. Under the SPA the sellers agreed to sell seven InterContinental branded hotels situated across Europe in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, Hungary, Italy and Spain.
The agreed sale price for the seven hotels was 634 million. IHG retained 30 year management contracts on the hotels, with two ten year renewals at IHGs discretion, giving a total potential contract length of 50 years.
Under the SPA the sellers gave certain customary warranties and indemnities to the purchaser.
EXCHANGE CONTROLS
There are no restrictions on dividend payments to US citizens.
Although there are currently no UK foreign exchange control restrictions on the export or import of the capital or the payment of dividends on the ordinary shares or the ADSs, from time to time English law imposes restrictions on the payment of dividends to persons resident (or treated as so resident) in or governments of (or persons exercising public functions in) certain countries (each of the foregoing, a Prohibited Person).
There are no restrictions under the articles of association or under English law that limit the right of non-resident or foreign owners to hold or vote the ordinary shares. However, under current English law, ordinary shares or ADSs may not be owned by a Prohibited Person. In addition, the Companys articles of association contain certain limitations on the voting and other rights of any holder of ordinary shares, whose holding may, in the opinion of the directors, result in the loss or failure to secure the reinstatement of any license or franchise from any US governmental agency held by Six Continents Hotels Inc or any subsidiary thereof.
TAXATION
This section provides a summary of the material US federal income tax and UK tax consequences to US holders, as defined below, of owning and disposing of ordinary shares or ADSs of the Company. This section addresses only the tax position of a US holder who holds ordinary shares or ADSs as capital assets. This section does not, however, discuss the tax consequences of members of special classes of holders subject to special rules, such as
| | certain financial institutions; |
|---|---|
| | insurance companies; |
| | dealers and traders in securities or foreign currencies; |
| | persons holding ordinary shares or ADSs as part of a hedge, |
| straddle, conversion transaction, integrated transaction or | |
| similar transaction; |
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| | persons whose functional currency for US federal income tax
purposes is not the US dollar; |
| --- | --- |
| | partnerships or other entities classified as partnerships for
US federal income tax purposes; |
| | persons liable for the alternative minimum tax; |
| | tax-exempt organizations; |
| | persons who acquired our ADSs or shares pursuant to the exercise
of any employee stock option or otherwise as compensation; |
| | holders that, directly or indirectly, hold 10% or more of the
Companys voting stock. |
This section does not generally deal with the position of a US holder who is resident or ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom for UK tax purposes or who is subject to UK taxation on capital gains or income by virtue of carrying on a trade, profession or vocation in the United Kingdom through a branch, agency or permanent establishment and such ADSs or ordinary shares are or have been used, held or acquired for the purposes of such trade, profession or vocation.
A US holder is a beneficial owner of shares or ADSs that is for US federal income tax purposes (i) a citizen or resident of the US, (ii) a US domestic corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or any political subdivision thereof; or (iii) an estate whose income is subject to US federal income tax regardless of its source, or (iv) a trust if a US court can exercise primary supervision over the trusts administration and one or more United States persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust.
This section is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, its legislative history, existing and proposed regulations, published rulings and court decisions, and on UK tax laws and published practice of the UK HM Revenue and Customs, all as of the date hereof, and on the current Double Taxation Convention between the United States and the United Kingdom (the Treaty). These laws are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis.
This section is further based in part upon the representations of the Depositary and assumes that each obligation in the Company ADR Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be performed in accordance with its terms. For US federal income tax purposes, a holder of ADRs evidencing ADSs will be treated as the owner of the shares represented by those ADRs. Generally, exchanges of ordinary shares for ADRs, and ADRs for ordinary shares, will not be subject to US federal income tax or UK taxation on capital gains.
The US Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom ADRs are pre-released may be taking actions that are inconsistent with the claiming of foreign tax credits for US holders of ADRs. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax, described below, for qualified dividend income. Accordingly, the analysis of the availability of the reduced rate of tax for qualified dividend income described below could be affected by actions taken by parties to whom the ADRs are pre-released.
Investors should consult their own tax advisor regarding the US federal, state and local, the UK and other tax consequences of owning and disposing of shares and ADSs in their particular circumstances, and in particular whether they are eligible for the benefits of the Treaty.
Taxation of Dividends
United Kingdom Taxation
Under current UK tax law, the Company will not be required to withhold tax at source from dividend payments it makes.
A US holder who is not resident or ordinarily resident for United Kingdom tax purposes in the United Kingdom will generally not be liable for UK taxation on dividends received in respect of the ADSs or ordinary shares.
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United States Federal Income Taxation
Subject to the passive foreign investment company (PFIC) rules discussed below, a US holder is subject to US federal income taxation on the gross amount of any dividend paid by the Company out of its current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for US federal income tax purposes). Subject to applicable limitations and the discussion above regarding concerns expressed by the US Treasury, dividends paid to a non-corporate US holder in taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011 that constitute qualified dividend income will be taxable to the holder at a maximum tax rate of 15%. The Company expects that dividends paid by the Company with respect to the shares or ADSs will constitute qualified dividend income. If the preferential rates apply and the special dividend of June 2007 exceeds 10 percent of a US holders adjusted basis in its ordinary shares or ADSs (or, if the preferential rates apply and the special dividend and any other dividends with ex-dividend dates during the same period of 365 consecutive days in the aggregate exceed 20 percent of such basis), any loss on the sale or exchange of such ordinary shares of ADSs would be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of such dividend(s). U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors to determine whether they are subject to any special rules that limit their ability to be taxed at this favorable rate.
Dividends must be included in income when the US holder, in the case of shares, or the Depositary, in the case of ADSs, actually or constructively receives the dividend, and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally allowed to US corporations in respect of dividends received from other US corporations. For foreign tax credit limitation purposes, dividends will be income from sources outside the United States.
The amount of any dividend paid in pounds will be the US dollar value of the pound sterling payments made, determined at the spot pound sterling/US dollar rate on the date the dividend distribution is includible in income, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into US dollars. Generally, any gain or loss resulting from currency exchange fluctuations during the period from the date the dividend payment is includible in income to the date the payment is converted into US dollars will be treated as ordinary income or loss and, for foreign tax credit limitation purposes, from sources within the United States.
Distributions in excess of the Companys current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for US federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of the US holders basis in the shares or ADSs and thereafter as capital gain. Because the Company has not historically maintained, and does not currently maintain, books in accordance with US tax principles, the Company does not expect to be in a position to determine whether any distribution will be in excess of the Companys current and accumulated earnings and profits as computed for US federal income tax purposes. As a result, the Company expects that amounts distributed will be reported to the Internal Revenue Service as dividends.
Taxation of Capital Gains
United Kingdom Taxation
A US holder who is not resident or ordinarily resident for UK tax purposes in the United Kingdom will not generally be liable for UK taxation on capital gains realized or accrued on the sale or other disposal of ADSs or ordinary shares unless, at the time of the sale or other disposal, the US holder carries on a trade, profession or vocation in the United Kingdom through a branch, agency or permanent establishment and such ADSs or ordinary shares are or have been used, held or acquired for the purposes of such trade, profession or vocation.
A US holder of ADSs or ordinary shares who is an individual and who, broadly, has temporarily ceased to be resident or ordinarily resident in the UK or has become temporarily treated as non-resident for UK tax purposes for a period of less than five years of assessment and who disposes of ordinary shares or ADSs during that period may, for the year of assessment when that individual becomes resident again in the UK, also be liable to UK tax on capital gains (subject to any available exemption or relief), notwithstanding the fact that such US holder was not resident or ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom at the time of the sale or other disposal.
United States Federal Income Taxation
Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a US holder that sells or otherwise disposes of shares or ADSs will recognize a capital gain or loss for US federal income tax purposes equal to the difference between the US dollar
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value of the amount realized and its tax basis, determined in US dollars, in the shares or ADSs. Subject to the discussion above relating to the special dividend (see Taxation of Dividends United States Federal Income Taxation), such capital gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss where the holder has a holding period greater than one year. The gain or loss will generally be income or loss from sources within the United States for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. The deductibility of losses is subject to limitations.
PFIC Rules
The Company believes that it was not a PFIC for US federal income tax purposes for its 2007 taxable year. However, this conclusion is an annual factual determination and thus may be subject to change. If the Company were to be treated as a PFIC, gain realized on the sale or other disposition of Company shares or ADSs would in general not be treated as capital gain. Instead, gain would be treated as if the US holder had realized such gain ratably over the holding period for the Company shares or ADSs and, to the extent allocated to the taxable year of the sale or other exchange and to any year before the Company became a PFIC, would be taxed as ordinary income. The amount allocated to each other taxable year would be taxed at the highest tax rate in effect for each such year to which the gain was allocated, together with an interest charge in respect of the tax attributable to each such year. In addition, similar rules would apply to any excess distribution received on the Company shares or ADSs (generally, the excess of any distribution received on the Company shares or ADSs during the taxable year over 125% of the average amount of distributions received during a specified prior period), and the preferential rate for qualified dividend income received by certain non-corporate US holders would not apply. Certain elections may be available (including a market-to-market election) to US holders that may mitigate the adverse tax consequences resulting from PFIC status.
Additional Tax Considerations
United States Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
Payments of dividends and other proceeds with respect to ADSs may be reported to the IRS and to the US holder in accordance with applicable regulations. Backup withholding may apply to these payments if the US holder fails to provide an accurate taxpayer identification number or certification of exempt status or fails to report all interest and dividends required to be shown on its US federal income tax returns. Certain US holders (including, among others, corporations) are not subject to backup withholding. US holders should consult their tax advisers as to their qualification for exemption from backup withholding and the procedure for obtaining an exemption.
United Kingdom Inheritance Tax
An individual who is domiciled in the United States (for the purposes of the Estate and Gift Tax Convention) and is not a UK national as defined in the Convention will not be subject to UK inheritance tax in respect of ADSs on the individuals death or on a transfer of the ADSs during their lifetime, provided that any applicable US federal gift or estate tax is paid, unless the ADSs are part of the business property of a UK permanent establishment or pertain to a UK fixed base of an individual used for the performance of independent personal services. Where the ADSs have been placed in trust by a settlor, they may be subject to UK inheritance tax unless, when the trust was created, the settlor was domiciled in the United States and was not a UK national. Where ADSs are subject to both UK inheritance tax and to US federal gift or estate tax, the Estate and Gift Tax Convention generally provides for either a credit against US federal tax liabilities for UK inheritance tax paid or for a credit against UK inheritance tax liabilities for US federal tax paid, as the case may be.
United Kingdom Stamp Duty and Stamp Duty Reserve Tax (SDRT)
The transfer of ordinary shares will generally be liable to stamp duty at the rate of 0.5% of the amount or value of the consideration given (rounded up to the nearest £5). An unconditional agreement to transfer ordinary shares will generally be subject to SDRT at 0.5% of the agreed consideration. However, if within the period of six years of the date of such agreement becoming unconditional an instrument of transfer is executed pursuant to the agreement and duly stamped, any liability to SDRT will usually be repaid, if already paid, or canceled. The liability to pay stamp duty or SDRT is generally satisfied by the purchaser or transferee.
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No stamp duty or SDRT will generally arise on a transfer of ordinary shares into CREST, unless such transfer is made for a consideration in money or moneys worth, in which case a liability to SDRT will arise, usually at the rate of 0.5% of the value of the consideration.
A transfer of ordinary shares effected on a paperless basis within CREST will generally be subject to SDRT at the rate of 0.5% of the value of the consideration.
Stamp duty, or SDRT, is generally payable upon the transfer or issue of ordinary shares to, or to a nominee or, in some cases, agent of, a person whose business is or includes issuing depositary receipts or the provision of clearance services. For these purposes, the current rate of stamp duty and SDRT is usually 1.5% (rounded up, in the case of stamp duty, to the nearest £5). The rate is applied, in each case, to the amount or value of the consideration or, in some circumstances, to the value or the issue price of the ordinary shares. In accordance with the terms of the deposit agreement, any tax or duty payable on deposits of ordinary shares by the depositary or by the custodian of the depositary will be charged to the party to whom ADSs are delivered against such deposits.
Provided that the instrument of transfer is not executed in the United Kingdom and remains at all subsequent times outside the United Kingdom, no stamp duty should be payable on the transfer of ADSs. An agreement to transfer ADSs in the form of depositary receipts will not give rise to a liability to SDRT.
DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY
It is possible to read and copy documents referred to in this annual report on Form 20-F that have been filed with the SEC at the SECs public reference room located at 100 F Street, NE Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference rooms and their copy charges. The Companys SEC filings since May 22, 2002 are also publicly available through the SECs website located at www.sec.gov.
ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Exchange and Interest Rate Risk, and Financial Instruments
The Companys treasury policy is to manage the financial risks that arise in relation to the underlying business needs. The activities of the treasury function are carried out in accordance with board approved policies and are subject to regular internal audit. The treasury function does not operate as a profit center.
Treasury Risk Management
The treasury function seeks to reduce the financial risk of the Company and manages liquidity to meet all foreseeable cash needs. Treasury activities include money market investments, spot and forward foreign exchange instruments, currency options, currency swaps, interest rate swaps, options and forward rate agreements. One of the primary objectives of the Companys treasury risk management policy is to mitigate the adverse impact of movements in interest rates and foreign exchange rates. Derivatives are not used for trading or speculative purposes.
Credit Risk
Credit Risk on treasury transactions is minimized by operating a policy on the investment of surplus funds that generally restricts counterparties to those with an A credit rating or better, or those providing adequate security. Limits are also set for individual counterparties. Most of the Companys surplus funds are held in the United Kingdom or United States and there are no material funds where repatriation is restricted as a result of foreign exchange regulations.
Interest Rate Risk
The Company has an exposure to interest rate fluctuations on its borrowings and it seeks to manage these by the use of interest rate swaps and options, and forward rate agreements. The Company takes out interest rate swaps to fix the interest flows on between 25% and 75% of its borrowings in major currencies.
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At December 31, 2007, the Company held interest rate swaps with notional principals of US$100 million, £150 million, and 75 million (2006 US$100 million and 80 million).
Based on the year end net debt position and given the underlying maturity profile of investments, borrowings and hedging instruments at that date, a one percentage point rise in US dollar interest rates would increase the annual net interest charge by approximately £2.9 million. A similar rise in euro and sterling interest rates would increase the annual net interest charge by approximately £0.6 million and £1.6 million respectively.
Currency Risk
The US dollar is the predominant currency of the Companys revenue and cash flows, and movements in foreign exchange rates, particularly the US dollar and euro, can affect the companys reported profits, net assets and interest cover. To hedge this translation exposure the Company denominates the currency of its debt (either directly or via derivatives) to match the currency of its net assets, whilst trying to maximise the amount of US dollars borrowed. At December 31, 2007, the Company held outstanding forward foreign exchange contracts of £6 million which were used as effective hedges against the currency of the Companys net assets.
The Company is exposed to foreign currency risk on income streams denominated in foreign currencies. Foreign exchange transaction exposure is managed by forward purchase or sale of foreign currencies or the use of currency options. Most significant exposures of the Company are in currencies that are freely convertible. At the year end there were no outstanding contracts hedging currency risk on income streams.
A general weakening of the US dollar (specifically a five cent rise in the sterling: US dollar rate) would reduce the Companys profit before tax by an estimated £4.2 million and increase net assets by an estimated £4.4 million. Similarly, a general weakening of the euro (specifically a five cent rise in the sterling : euro rate) would reduce the Companys profit before tax by an estimated £0.8 million and decrease net assets by an estimated £3.0 million.
Quantitative Information about Market Risk
Interest Rate Sensitivity
The tables below provide information about the Companys derivative and other financial instruments that are sensitive to changes in interest rates, including interest rate swaps and debt obligations. For long-term debt obligations (excluding debt due entirely within one year), the table presents principal cash flows and related weighted average interest rates by expected maturity dates. For interest rate swaps and forward rate agreements, the table presents notional amounts and weighted average interest rates by expected maturity dates. Weighted average variable rates are based on rates set at the balance sheet date. The actual currencies of the instruments are indicated in parentheses.
At December 31, 2007
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | Thereafter | Total | Fair
value (i) | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| (£ million, except percentages) | | | | | | | |
| Long-Term Debt: | | | | | | | |
| Fixed Rate lease debt (US dollar) | | | | | 100 | 100 | 126 |
| Average dollar interest rate | | | | | 9.7 % | 9.7 % | |
| Variable Rate (various currencies) | | 773 | 4 | | | 777 | 777 |
| Average interest rate | | 5.9 % | 8.2 % | | | 5.9 % | |
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| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | Thereafter | Total | Fair
value (i) | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| (local currency million, except percentages) | | | | | | | | |
| Interest Rate Swaps: | | | | | | | | |
| Principal (US dollar) | 100 | | | | | 100 | | |
| Fixed rate payable | 4.7 % | | | | | 4.7 % | | |
| Variable rate receivable | 5.1 % | | | | | 5.1 % | | |
| Principal (euro) | 75 | 75 | | | | 150 | | |
| Fixed rate payable | 3.9 % | 4.2 % | | | | 4.0 % | | |
| Variable rate receivable | 4.5 % | 4.5 % | | | | 4.5 % | | |
| Principal (sterling) | 75 | 75 | | | | 150 | (1 | ) |
| Fixed rate payable | 6.3 % | 6.3 % | | | | 6.3 % | | |
| Variable rate receivable | 6.2 % | 6.3 % | | | | 6.3 % | | |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
(i) Represents the net present value of the expected cash flows discounted at current market rates of interest.
Exchange Risk Sensitivity
The following information provides details of the Companys derivative and other financial instruments by currency presented in sterling equivalents. Forward exchange contracts provide a currency hedge against currency net assets. All forward exchange agreements mature within one year.
| 2007 | 2007 | |
|---|---|---|
| (local currency | (£ million) | |
| million) | ||
| Sale of US dollars against sterling | 12.5 | 6 |
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
Not applicable.
PART II
ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
None.
ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.
ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As at the end of the period covered by this report, the Company carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of the Companys management, including the Chief Executive and Finance Director, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(c) and 15d-15(e)). These are defined as those controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the specified periods. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive and Finance Director concluded that the Companys disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
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Managements Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Management has issued a report on the effectiveness of the Companys Internal Control over Financial reporting as at December 31, 2007. This report appears on page F-1 of the Companys Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Annual Report.
Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an attestation report on the Companys internal control over financial reporting. This report appears on page F-2 of the Companys consolidated financial statements contained in this Annual Report.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in the Companys internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this Form 20-F that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Companys internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 16. [RESERVED]
ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
The Senior Independent Director David Kappler, who has significant recent and relevant financial experience is the Audit Committee Financial Expert as defined under the regulations of the US Securities and Exchange Commission. David Kappler is independent as that term is defined under the listing standards of the NYSE.
ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS
The board has adopted a global Code of Ethics and Business Conduct that applies to all directors, officers and employees of IHG, including the Chief Executive and Finance Director. This Code of Ethics has been signed by the Chief Executive and the Finance Director of the Company and by the Group Financial Controller and regional financial heads. The Company has published its Code of Ethics and Business Conduct on its website www.ihg.com.
ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Fees for professional services provided by Ernst & Young LLP, the Groups independent auditors in each of the last two fiscal periods in each of the following categories are:
| 2007 | 2006 | |
|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | ||
| Audit Fees | 2.2 | 2.4 |
| Audit Related Fees | 2.0 | 2.1 |
| Tax Fees | 0.4 | 0.7 |
| Total | 4.6 | 5.2 |
Further detail is provided in Note 4 Auditors remuneration paid to Ernst & Young LLP of Item 18 Financial Statements.
Audit fees in respect of the pension scheme were not material.
The Audit Committee has a process to ensure that any non-audit services do not compromise the independence and objectivity of the external auditor and that relevant UK and US professional and regulatory requirements are met. A number of criteria are applied when deciding whether pre-approval for such services should be given. These include the nature of the service, the level of fees, and the practicality of appointing an alternative provider, having regard to the skills and experience required to supply the service effectively. Cumulative fees for audit and non-audit
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services are presented to the Audit Committee on a quarterly basis for review. The Audit Committee is responsible for monitoring adherence to the pre-approval policy.
ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES
Not applicable.
ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS
| (c) Total number | (d) Maximum — number (or | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| of shares (or | approximate dollar | |||
| (b) Average | units) purchased | value) of shares (or | ||
| (a) Total number | price paid | as part of publicly | units) that may yet be | |
| of shares (or | per share | announced plans | purchased under the | |
| Period of fiscal year | units) purchased | (or unit) | or programs | plans or programs |
| Month 1 (no purchases in this month) | 0 | 0.00 | 0. | 38,063,720 |
| Month 2 02.21.07 02.28.07 | 1,770,739 | 12.27 | 1,770,739 | 36,292,981 |
| Month 3 03.01.07 03.01.07 | 280,000 | 11.95 | 280,000 | 36,012,981 |
| Month 4 (no purchases in this month) | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 36,012,981 |
| Month 5 05.16.07 05.25.07 | 186,525 | 12.80 | 186,525 | 35,826,456 |
| Month 6 06.26.07 06.28.07 | 260,351 | 12.73 | 260,351 | 44,371,983 |
| Month 7 (no purchases in this month) | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 44,371,983 |
| Month 8 (no purchases in this month) | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 44,371,983 |
| Month 9 09.05.07 09.28.07 | 2,373,182 | 9.53 | 2,373,182 | 41,998,801 |
| Month 10 10.03.07 10.05.07 | 273,788 | 10.18 | 273,788 | 41,725,013 |
| Month 11 11.06.07 11.21.07 | 2,255,716 | 9.61 | 2,255,716 | 39,469,297 |
| Month 12 12.17.07 12.18.07 | 324,543 | 8.98 | 324,543 | 39,144,754 |
The first share repurchase program was announced on March 11, 2004 with the intention to repurchase £250 million worth of shares (US$456,525,000). A second £250 million share repurchase program followed, announced September 9, 2004. These programs were completed on December 20, 2004 and April 11, 2006, respectively. On September 8, 2005, the Company announced a further £250 million share repurchase program. In June 2007 the Company completed this repurchase program at an average price per share of 943 pence.
During fiscal 2007, 5,866,817 ordinary shares were purchased by the Companys Employee Share Ownership Trust at prices ranging from 931 pence to 1349 pence per share, for the purpose of satisfying future share awards to employees.
On February 20, 2007, the Company announced a fourth, £150 million share repurchase program. By March 14, 2008, 6,312,024 shares had been repurchased at an average price of 926 pence per share (approximately £58 million).
PART III
ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Not applicable.
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ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following consolidated financial statements and related schedule, together with the report thereon of Ernst & Young LLP, are filed as part of this Annual Report:
TOC
| Managements Report on Internal Control over
Financial Reporting | F-1 |
| --- | --- |
| Report of Independent Registered Public
Accounting Firm on Internal Control over Financial Reporting | F-2 |
| Report and Consent of Independent Registered
Public Accounting Firm | F-3 |
| Financial Statements | |
| Consolidated Income Statement for the years ended
December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005. | F-5 |
| Consolidated Statement of Recognized Income and
Expense for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and
2005. | F-6 |
| Consolidated Balance Sheet for the years ended
December 31, 2007 and 2006. | F-7 |
| Consolidated Statement of Changes in
Shareholders Funds for the years ended December 31,
2007, 2006 and 2005 | F-8 |
| Consolidated Cash Flow Statement for the years
ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005. | F-10 |
| Notes to the Financial Statements | F-11 |
| Schedule for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and
2005. | |
| Schedule II Valuation and
Qualifying Accounts | S-1 |
| Exhibit 1 | |
| Exhibit 8 | |
| Exhibit 12.A | |
| Exhibit 12.B | |
| Exhibit 13.A | |
/TOC
ITEM 19. EXHIBITS
The following exhibits are filed as part of this Annual Report:
| Exhibit 1 | Memorandum and Articles of Association of IHG |
|---|---|
| Exhibit 4(a)(i) | £1,600 million Facility Agreement dated |
| November 9, 2004 among Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Ltd., | |
| Barclays Capital, Citigroup Global Markets Limited, HSBC Bank | |
| plc, JP Morgan plc, Lloyds Bank plc, The Royal Bank of Scotland | |
| plc, SG Corporate & Investment Banking and West LB AG | |
| (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(ii) of | |
| InterContinental Hotels Group PLC Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No 1-10409) dated May 3, 2005) | |
| Exhibit 4(b)(i) | Amended and Restated Purchase and Sale Agreement dated |
| February 9, 2005 among BHR Texas L.P., InterContinental | |
| Hotels Group Resources Inc, Crowne Plaza LAX, LLC, Crowne Plaza | |
| Hilton Head Holding Company, Holiday Pacific Partners Limited | |
| Partnership, Staybridge Markham and HPT (incorporated by | |
| reference to Exhibit 4(b)(ii) of InterContinental Hotels | |
| Group PLC Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 1-10409) dated May 3, 2005) | |
| Exhibit 4(b)(ii) | Amended and Restated Stock Purchase Agreement dated |
| February 9, 2005 between Six Continents International | |
| Holdings, B.V. and HPT IHG-2 (incorporated by reference to | |
| Exhibit 4(b)(v) of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC Annual | |
| Report on Form 20-F (File No. 1-10409) dated May 3, 2005) | |
| Exhibit 4(b)(iii) | Share Purchase Agreement dated March 10, 2005 between IHC |
| London (Holdings) Limited, and LGR Acquisition (currently LRG | |
| Acquisition) and LGR Holdings Limited (currently LRG Holdings | |
| Limited) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(b)(iv) of | |
| InterContinental Hotels Group PLC Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 1-10409) dated May 3, 2005) | |
| Exhibit 4(b)(iv) | New Zealand Share Sale Deed dated September 1, 2005 between |
| Hale International Limited, Six Continents Limited, HANZ | |
| Holdings (New Zealand) Limited and Eureka Funds Management | |
| Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(b)(v) of | |
| the InterContinental Hotels Group PLC Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 1-10409) dated March 31, 2006) |
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| Exhibit 4(b)(v) | Australia Share and Unit Sale Deed dated September 1, 2005
between Holiday Inns Holdings (Australia) Pty Limited, SPHC
Group Pty Limited, HIA(T) Pty Ltd, Six Continents Limited, HANZ
(Australia) Pty Limited and Eureka Funds Management Limited
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(b)(vi) of the
InterContinental Hotels Group PLC Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 1-10409) dated March 31, 2006) |
| --- | --- |
| Exhibit 4(b)(vi) | Sale and Purchase Agreement dated September 8, 2005 between
BHR Holdings BV and DABICAM SAS relating to the sale of the
InterContinental Hotel, Paris (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4(b)(vi) of the InterContinental Hotels Group PLC
Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 1-10409) dated March 30, 2007) |
| Exhibit 4(b)(vii) | Britvic Underwriting Agreement dated November 25, 2005
between, inter alia, Britvic, IHG, the directors of Britvic,
Citigroup and Deutsche Bank AG (as joint sponsors) and
Citigroup, Deutsche Bank AG, Lehman Brothers International
(Europe) and Merrill Lynch International (as joint Underwriters)
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(b)(vii) of the
InterContinental Hotels Group PLC Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 1-10409) dated March 31, 2006) |
| Exhibit 4(b)(viii) | Sale and Purchase Agreement dated March 10, 2006 among BHR
Luxembourg S.à.r.l., Others, Cooperatie Westbridge Europe
I.U.A., Others and Westbridge Hospitality Fund L.P.
relating to a portfolio of certain companies and businesses in
continental Europe (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 4(b)(viii) of the InterContinental Hotels Group PLC
Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 1-10409) dated March 31, 2006) |
| Exhibit 4(b)(ix) | Sale and Purchase Agreement dated July 13, 2006 between BHR
Holdings BV and MSREF VI Danube BV relating to the sale of
certain companies and businesses in continental Europe and Side
Letter dated September 5, 2006 (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 4(b)(ix) of the InterContinental Hotels Group
PLC Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 1-10409) dated March 30, 2007) |
| Exhibit 4(c)(i) | Stevan Porters service contract dated February 12,
2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(c)(iii) of
InterContinental Hotels Group PLC Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 1-10409) dated April 8, 2004) |
| Exhibit 4(c)(ii) | Stevan Porters letter of appointment dated April 2005,
effective from June 27, 2005 on completion of the Scheme of
Arrangement and the introduction of the new parent company to
the Group (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(c)(iv) of
the InterContinental Hotels Group PLC Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 1-10409) dated March 31, 2006) |
| Exhibit 4(c)(iii) | Richard Solomons service contract dated February 12,
2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(c)(iv) of
InterContinental Hotels Group PLC Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 1-10409) dated April 8, 2004) |
| Exhibit 4(c)(iv) | Richard Solomons letter of appointment dated April 2005,
effective from June 27, 2005 on completion of the Scheme of
Arrangement and the introduction of the new parent company to
the Group (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(c)(vi) of
the InterContinental Hotels Group PLC Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 1-10409) dated March 31, 2006) |
| Exhibit 4(c)(v) | Andrew Cossletts service contract dated December 13,
2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(c)(v) of
InterContinental Hotels Group PLC Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 1-10409) dated May 3, 2005) |
| Exhibit 4(c)(vi) | Andrew Cossletts letter of appointment dated April 2005,
effective from June 27, 2005 on completion of the Scheme of
Arrangement and the introduction of the new parent company to
the Group (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(c)(viii)
of the InterContinental Hotels Group PLC Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 1-10409) dated March 31, 2006) |
| Exhibit 8 | List of Subsidiaries |
| Exhibit 12(a) | Certification of Andrew Cosslett filed pursuant to 17 CFR
240.13a-14(a) |
| Exhibit 12(b) | Certification of Richard Solomons filed pursuant to 17 CFR
240.13a-14(a) |
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| Exhibit 13(a) | Certification of Andrew Cosslett and Richard Solomons furnished
pursuant to 17 CFR 240.13a-14(b) and 18 U.S.C.1350 |
| --- | --- |
| Exhibit 15(a) | Consent of Ernst & Young LLP (included on page F-4) |
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MANAGEMENTS REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Management of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC (the Company) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Companys principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the Companys Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
The Companys internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the Companys transactions and dispositions of the Companys assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorisations of the Companys management and directors; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorised acquisition, use or disposition of the Companys assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In connection with the preparation of the Companys annual consolidated financial statements, management has undertaken an assessment of the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007 based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organisations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO).
Based on this assessment, management has concluded that as of December 31, 2007, the Companys internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.
Ernst & Young LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the Companys consolidated financial statements, has issued an attestation report on the Companys internal control over financial reporting, a copy of which appears on the next page of this Annual Report.
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC:
We have audited InterContinental Hotels Group PLCs internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). InterContinental Hotels Group PLCs management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Form 20-F. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the companys internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A companys internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A companys internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the companys assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, InterContinental Hotels Group PLC maintained, in all material aspects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related Consolidated Income Statements, Consolidated Statements of Recognized Income and Expense, Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders Funds and Consolidated Cash Flow Statements for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007, and the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 18. Financial Statements , and our report dated March 28, 2008 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
ERNST & YOUNG LLP
London, England
March 28, 2008
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INTERCONTINENTAL HOTELS GROUP PLC
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC
We have audited the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related Consolidated Income Statements, Consolidated Statements of Recognized Income and Expense, Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders Funds and Consolidated Cash Flow Statements for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007. Our audits also included the financial statements schedule listed in the Index at Item 18. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC at December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the consolidated results of its operations and its consolidated cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007, in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the European Union and International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the effectiveness of InterContinental Hotels Group PLCs internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 28, 2008 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
ERNST & YOUNG LLP
London, England
March 28, 2008.
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CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements (Form F-3 No. 333-108084 and Form S-8 Nos. 333-01572, 333-08336, 333-99785, 333-104691 and 333-126139) of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC of the reference to our name in Item 3. Key Information and our reports dated March 28, 2008, with respect to the Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC, and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC, included in this Annual Report (Form 20-F) for the year ended December 31, 2007.
ERNST & YOUNG LLP
London, England
March 28, 2008
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INTERCONTINENTAL HOTELS GROUP PLC
CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||||||
| Before | Exceptional | Before | Exceptional | Before | Exceptional | ||||||||||||
| exceptional | items | exceptional | items | exceptional | items | ||||||||||||
| For the year ended 31 December 2007 | items | (Note 5) | Total | items | (Note 5) | Total | items | (Note 5) | Total | ||||||||
| (£ million) | |||||||||||||||||
| Revenue (Note 2) | 883 | | 883 | 786 | | 786 | 697 | | 697 | ||||||||
| Cost of sales | (411 | ) | | (411 | ) | (355 | ) | | (355 | ) | (323 | ) | | (323 | ) | ||
| Administrative expenses | (188 | ) | (7 | ) | (195 | ) | (180 | ) | | (180 | ) | (150 | ) | | (150 | ) | |
| Other operating income and expenses | 8 | 38 | 46 | 4 | 27 | 31 | 3 | (15 | ) | (12 | ) | ||||||
| 292 | 31 | 323 | 255 | 27 | 282 | 227 | (15 | ) | 212 | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization(Note 2) | (55 | ) | (1 | ) | (56 | ) | (55 | ) | | (55 | ) | (52 | ) | | (52 | ) | |
| Operating profit (Note 2) | 237 | 30 | 267 | 200 | 27 | 227 | 175 | (15 | ) | 160 | |||||||
| Financial income (Note 6) | 9 | | 9 | 26 | | 26 | 30 | | 30 | ||||||||
| Financial expenses (Note 6) | (54 | ) | | (54 | ) | (37 | ) | | (37 | ) | (54 | ) | | (54 | ) | ||
| Profit before tax | 192 | 30 | 222 | 189 | 27 | 216 | 151 | (15 | ) | 136 | |||||||
| Tax (Note 7) | (42 | ) | 30 | (12 | ) | (41 | ) | 94 | 53 | (30 | ) | 8 | (22 | ) | |||
| Profit for the year from continuing operations | 150 | 60 | 210 | 148 | 121 | 269 | 121 | (7 | ) | 114 | |||||||
| Profit for the year from discontinued operations (Note 11) | 5 | 16 | 21 | 19 | 117 | 136 | 97 | 304 | 401 | ||||||||
| Profit for the year | 155 | 76 | 231 | 167 | 238 | 405 | 218 | 297 | 515 | ||||||||
| Attributable to: | |||||||||||||||||
| Equity holders of the parent | 155 | 76 | 231 | 167 | 238 | 405 | 199 | 297 | 496 | ||||||||
| Minority equity interest | | | | | | | 19 | | 19 | ||||||||
| 155 | 76 | 231 | 167 | 238 | 405 | 218 | 297 | 515 | |||||||||
| Earnings per ordinary share (Note 9) | |||||||||||||||||
| Continuing operations: | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 65.6p | 69.1p | 21.9p | ||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 63.8p | 67.4p | 21.4p | ||||||||||||||
| Total operations: | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 72.2p | 104.1p | 95.2p | ||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 70.2p | 101.5p | 93.1p |
The Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these Financial Statements.
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INTERCONTINENTAL HOTELS GROUP PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF RECOGNIZED INCOME AND EXPENSE
| December 31, | December 31, | December 31, | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||
| (£ million) | ||||||
| Income and expense recognized directly in equity | ||||||
| Gains on valuation of available-for-sale assets | 4 | 16 | 31 | |||
| (Losses)/gains on cash flow hedges | (1 | ) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Exchange differences on retranslation of foreign operations | 10 | (30 | ) | 29 | ||
| Actuarial gains/(losses) on defined benefit pension plans | 12 | (2 | ) | (23 | ) | |
| 25 | (15 | ) | 38 | |||
| Transfers to the income statement | ||||||
| On cash flow hedges: interest payable | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | (6 | ) |
| On disposal of foreign operations: gain on disposal of assets | | 4 | 2 | |||
| On disposal of available-for-sale assets: other operating income | ||||||
| and expenses | (10 | ) | (14 | ) | | |
| (11 | ) | (11 | ) | (4 | ) | |
| Tax | ||||||
| Tax on items above taken directly to or transferred from equity | (3 | ) | 4 | (1 | ) | |
| Tax related to share schemes recognized directly in equity | (2 | ) | 26 | 8 | ||
| (5 | ) | 30 | 7 | |||
| Net income recognized directly in equity | 9 | 4 | 41 | |||
| Profit for the year | 231 | 405 | 515 | |||
| Total recognized income and expense for the year | 240 | 409 | 556 | |||
| Attributable to: | ||||||
| Equity holders of the parent | 240 | 409 | 541 | |||
| Minority equity interest | | | 15 | |||
| 240 | 409 | 556 | ||||
| Effects of changes in accounting policy | ||||||
| Losses on valuation of available-for-sale assets | | | (10 | ) | ||
| Gains on cash flow hedges | | | 6 | |||
| | | (4 | ) |
The Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these Financial Statements.
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INTERCONTINENTAL HOTELS GROUP PLC
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
| 2007 | 2006 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | ||||
| ASSETS | ||||
| Property, plant and equipment (Note 10) | 962 | 997 | ||
| Goodwill (Note 12) | 110 | 109 | ||
| Intangible assets (Note 13) | 167 | 154 | ||
| Investment in associates (Note 14) | 33 | 32 | ||
| Retirement benefit assets (Note 3) | 32 | | ||
| Other financial assets (Note 15) | 93 | 96 | ||
| Total non-current assets | 1,397 | 1,388 | ||
| Inventories (Note 16) | 3 | 3 | ||
| Trade and other receivables (Note 17) | 235 | 237 | ||
| Current tax receivable | 54 | 23 | ||
| Cash and cash equivalents (Note 18) | 52 | 179 | ||
| Other financial assets (Note 15) | 9 | 13 | ||
| Total current assets | 353 | 455 | ||
| Non-current assets classified as held for sale | ||||
| (Note 11) | 57 | 50 | ||
| Total assets (Note 2) | 1,807 | 1,893 | ||
| LIABILITIES | ||||
| Loans and other borrowings (Note 20) | (8 | ) | (10 | ) |
| Trade and other payables (Note 19) | (390 | ) | (402 | ) |
| Current tax payable | (212 | ) | (231 | ) |
| Total current liabilities | (610 | ) | (643 | ) |
| Loans and other borrowings (Note 20) | (869 | ) | (303 | ) |
| Retirement benefit obligations (Note 3) | (55 | ) | (71 | ) |
| Trade and other payables (Note 19) | (139 | ) | (109 | ) |
| Deferred tax payable (Note 25) | (82 | ) | (79 | ) |
| Total non-current liabilities | (1,145 | ) | (562 | ) |
| Liabilities classified as held for sale | ||||
| (Note 11) | (3 | ) | (2 | ) |
| Total liabilities (Note 2) | (1,758 | ) | (1,207 | ) |
| Net assets | 49 | 686 | ||
| EQUITY | ||||
| Equity share capital | 81 | 66 | ||
| Capital redemption reserve | 5 | 4 | ||
| Shares held by employee share trusts | (41 | ) | (17 | ) |
| Other reserves | (1,528 | ) | (1,528 | ) |
| Unrealized gains and losses reserve | 19 | 27 | ||
| Currency translation reserve | 6 | (3 | ) | |
| Retained earnings | 1,504 | 2,129 | ||
| IHG shareholders equity | 46 | 678 | ||
| Minority equity interest (Note 26) | 3 | 8 | ||
| Total equity | 49 | 686 |
The Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these Financial Statements.
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INTERCONTINENTAL HOTELS GROUP PLC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS FUNDS
| Shares | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Share Capital | held by | Unrealized | ||||||||||||||||||
| Number of | Capital | employee | gains and | Currency | Total IHG | |||||||||||||||
| ordinary | Ordinary | Share | redemption | Other | share | losses | translation | Retained | shareholders | |||||||||||
| shares (i) | shares (i) | premium (ii) | reserve (ii) | reserves (iii) | trusts (iv) | reserve (v) | reserve (vi) | earnings | equity | |||||||||||
| (£ million, except per ordinary share amounts) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| At January 1, 2005 | 622 | 697 | 26 | 46 | 1,462 | (22 | ) | 3 | (12 | ) | (383 | ) | 1,817 | |||||||
| Total recognized income and expense for the year | | | | | | | 20 | 31 | 490 | 541 | ||||||||||
| Issue of ordinary shares | 1 | 1 | 3 | | | | | | | 4 | ||||||||||
| Repurchase of shares | (19 | ) | (22 | ) | | | | | | | (102 | ) | (124 | ) | ||||||
| Transfer to capital redemption reserve | | | | 22 | | | | | (22 | ) | | |||||||||
| Capital reorganization | (161 | ) | (632 | ) | (29 | ) | (68 | ) | (2,990 | ) | | | | 2,723 | (996 | ) | ||||
| Proceeds from capital reorganization | | | | | | 4 | | | | 4 | ||||||||||
| Issue of ordinary shares | 1 | | 6 | | | | | | | 6 | ||||||||||
| Repurchase of shares | (11 | ) | (1 | ) | | | | | | | (82 | ) | (83 | ) | ||||||
| Transfer to capital redemption reserve | | | | 1 | | | | | (1 | ) | | |||||||||
| Purchase of own shares by employee share trusts | | | | | | (29 | ) | | | | (29 | ) | ||||||||
| Release of own shares by employee share trusts | | | | | | 25 | | | (17 | ) | 8 | |||||||||
| Equity-settled share-based cost | | | | | | | | | 17 | 17 | ||||||||||
| Equity dividends paid | | | | | | | | | (81 | ) | (81 | ) | ||||||||
| At December 31, 2005 | 433 | 43 | 6 | 1 | (1,528 | ) | (22 | ) | 23 | 19 | 2,542 | 1,084 | ||||||||
| Total recognized income and expense for the year | | | | | | | 4 | (22 | ) | 427 | 409 | |||||||||
| Issue of ordinary shares | 4 | 1 | 19 | | | | | | | 20 | ||||||||||
| Repurchase of shares | (28 | ) | (3 | ) | | | | | | | (257 | ) | (260 | ) | ||||||
| Share capital consolidation | (53 | ) | | | | | | | | | | |||||||||
| Transfer to capital redemption reserve | | | | 3 | | | | | (3 | ) | | |||||||||
| Purchase of own shares by employee share trusts | | | | | | (47 | ) | | | | (47 | ) | ||||||||
| Release of own shares by employee share trusts | | | | | | 52 | | | (37 | ) | 15 | |||||||||
| Equity-settled share-based cost | | | | | | | | | 18 | 18 | ||||||||||
| Equity dividends paid | | | | | | | | | (561 | ) | (561 | ) | ||||||||
| At December 31, 2006 | 356 | 41 | 25 | 4 | (1,528 | ) | (17 | ) | 27 | (3 | ) | 2,129 | 678 | |||||||
| Total recognized income and expense for the year | | | | | | | (8 | ) | 9 | 239 | 240 | |||||||||
| Issue of ordinary shares | 4 | | 16 | | | | | | | 16 | ||||||||||
| Repurchase of shares | (8 | ) | (1 | ) | | | | | | | (80 | ) | (81 | ) | ||||||
| Share capital consolidation | (57 | ) | | | | | | | | | | |||||||||
| Transfer to capital redemption reserve | | | | 1 | | | | | (1 | ) | | |||||||||
| Purchase of own shares by employee share trusts | | | | | | (69 | ) | | | | (69 | ) | ||||||||
| Release of own shares by employee share trusts | | | | | | 45 | | | (40 | ) | 5 | |||||||||
| Equity-settled share-based cost | | | | | | | | | 30 | 30 | ||||||||||
| Equity dividends paid | | | | | | | | | (773 | ) | (773 | ) | ||||||||
| At December 31, 2007 | 295 | 40 | 41 | 5 | (1,528 | ) | (41 | ) | 19 | 6 | 1,504 | 46 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
At December 31, 2004 the authorized share capital was £10,000,049,999 comprising 8,928,571,428 ordinary shares of 112 pence each and one redeemable preference share of £50,000.
The Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these Financial Statements.
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| (i) | The Company was incorporated and
registered in England and Wales with registered number 5134420
on May 21, 2004 as a limited company under the Companies
Act 1985 with the name Hackremco (No. 2154) Limited.
On March 24, 2005 Hackremco (No. 2154) Limited
changed its name to New InterContinental Hotels Group Limited.
On April 27, 2005 New InterContinental Hotels Group Limited
re-registered as a public limited company and changed its name
to New InterContinental Hotels Group PLC. On June 27, 2005
New InterContinental Hotels Group PLC changed its name to
InterContinental Hotels Group PLC. |
| --- | --- |
| | On April 21, 2005 the
authorized share capital was increased to £50,100 by the
creation of one redeemable preference share of £50,000. The
redeemable preference share so created was allotted and treated
as paid up in full on this date. |
| | On May 20, 2005 the authorized
share capital of the Company was increased from £50,100 to
£10,000,050,000 by the creation of 9,999,999,900 ordinary
shares of £1 each. On May 20, 2005 all of the ordinary
shares of £1 each were consolidated into ordinary shares of
£6.25 each. |
| | On June 27, 2005 the capital
reorganization (by means of a scheme of arrangement under
Section 425 of the Companies Act 1985) was completed.
Under the arrangement, shareholders received 11 new ordinary
shares and £24.75 cash in exchange for every 15 existing
ordinary shares held on June 24, 2005. The entire issued
share capital of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC was
transferred to New InterContinental Hotels Group PLC at fair
market value, in exchange for the issue of 443 million
fully paid ordinary shares of 10 pence each, which were admitted
to the Official List of the UK Listing Authority and admitted to
trading on the London Stock Exchange on that date. In accordance
with the merger relief provisions of Sections 131 and 133
of the Companies Act 1985, the 443 million shares are
recorded only at nominal value. |
| | On June 30, 2005 £6.15 on
every £6.25 ordinary share was canceled, thereby reducing
the nominal value of each ordinary share to 10 pence. |
| | On September 8, 2005 the
redeemable preference share was redeemed at par value. The
redeemable preference share did not carry any right to receive
dividends nor to participate in the profits of the Company. |
| | During 2004 and 2005, the Company
undertook to return funds of up to £750 million to
shareholders by way of three consecutive £250 million
share repurchase program, the third of which was completed in
the first half of 2007. In June 2007, a further
£150 million share repurchase program commenced.
During the year, 7,724,844 (2006 28,409,753, 2005 30,600,010)
ordinary shares were repurchased and canceled under the
authorities granted by shareholders at general meetings held
during 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007. Of these, 2,237,264 were
11 3 / 7 pence shares and 5,487,580 were 13 29 / 47 pence shares. |
| | On June 1, 2006, shareholders
approved a share capital consolidation on the basis of seven new
ordinary shares for every eight existing ordinary shares. This
provided for all the authorized ordinary shares of 10 pence each
(whether issued or unissued) to be consolidated into new
ordinary shares of 11 3 / 7 pence each. The share capital consolidation became effective on
June 12, 2006. |
| | On June 1, 2007, shareholders
approved a share capital consolidation on the basis of 47 new
ordinary shares for every 56 existing ordinary shares. This
provided for all the authorized ordinary shares of
11 3 / 7 pence each (whether issued or unissued) to be consolidated into
new ordinary shares of
13 29 / 47 pence each. The share capital consolidation became effective on
June 4, 2007. |
| | Whilst the authorized share capital
includes one redeemable preference share of £50,000,
following its redemption in September 2005, this redeemable
preference share has not been re-issued. |
| | The authority given to the Company
at the Extraordinary General Meeting on June 1, 2007 to
purchase its own shares was still valid at December 31,
2007. A resolution to renew the authority will be put to
shareholders at the Annual General Meeting on May 30, 2008. |
| | At December 31, 2007, the
authorized share capital was £160,050,000, comprising
1,175,000,000 ordinary shares of
13 29 / 47 pence each and one redeemable preference share of £50,000. |
| (ii) | The share premium account and
capital redemption reserve are not distributable. |
| (iii) | Other reserves comprises the
revaluation reserve previously recognized under UK GAAP and the
merger reserve. |
| (iv) | The shares held by employee share
trusts comprises £41.1 million (2006
£16.8 million, 2005 £21.7 million) in
respect of 3.4 million (2006 1.7 million, 2005
2.9 million) InterContinental Hotels Group PLC ordinary
shares held by employee share trusts, with a market value at
December 31, 2007 of £30 million (2006
£21 million, 2005 £25 million). |
| (v) | The unrealized gains and losses
reserve records movements for available-for-sale financial
assets to fair value and the effective portion of the cumulative
net change in the fair value of the cash flow hedging
instruments related to hedged transactions that have not yet
occurred. The fair value of cashflow hedging instruments
outstanding at December 31, 2007 was a £2 million
liability (2006 £1 million asset, 2005
£1 million asset). |
(vi) The currency translation reserve records the movement in exchange differences arising from the translation of the financial statements of foreign operations and exchange differences on foreign currency borrowings and derivative instruments that provide a hedge against net investments in foreign operations. On adoption of IFRS, cumulative exchange differences were deemed to be £nil as permitted by IFRS 1. During the year ended December 31, 2007, the impact of hedging net investments in foreign operations was to reduce the amount recorded in the currency translation reserve by £7 million (2006 £32 million, 2005 £9 million). The fair value of derivative instruments designated as hedges of net investments in foreign operations outstanding at December 31, 2007 was £nil (2006 £3 million net asset, 2005 £5 million net liability).
The Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these Financial Statements.
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INTERCONTINENTAL HOTELS GROUP PLC
CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENT
| December 31, | December 31, | December 31, | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||
| (£ million) | ||||||
| Profit for the year | 231 | 405 | 515 | |||
| Adjustments for: | ||||||
| Net financial expense | 45 | 11 | 33 | |||
| Income tax charge/(credit) | 15 | (41 | ) | 80 | ||
| Exceptional operating items before depreciation | (31 | ) | (27 | ) | 22 | |
| Gain on disposal of assets, net of tax | (16 | ) | (117 | ) | (311 | ) |
| Depreciation and amortization | 58 | 64 | 130 | |||
| Equity-settled share-based cost, net of payments | 24 | 14 | 12 | |||
| Other non-cash items | (2 | ) | | | ||
| Operating cash flow before movements in working capital | 324 | 309 | 481 | |||
| Increase in trade and other receivables | (15 | ) | (31 | ) | | |
| Increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables | 26 | 10 | (32 | ) | ||
| Retirement benefit contributions, net of charge | (33 | ) | | (26 | ) | |
| Cash flow from operations | 302 | 288 | 423 | |||
| Interest paid | (42 | ) | (33 | ) | (59 | ) |
| Interest received | 9 | 24 | 29 | |||
| Tax paid on operating activities | (37 | ) | (43 | ) | (80 | ) |
| Net cash from operating activities | 232 | 236 | 313 | |||
| Cash flow from investing activities | ||||||
| Purchases of property, plant and equipment Hotels | (57 | ) | (87 | ) | (107 | ) |
| Purchases of intangible assets Hotels | (20 | ) | (23 | ) | (19 | ) |
| Purchases of associates and other financial assets | ||||||
| Hotels | (16 | ) | (8 | ) | (10 | ) |
| Acquisition of subsidiary, net of cash acquired | | (6 | ) | | ||
| Disposal of assets, net of costs and cash disposed | ||||||
| of Hotels | 49 | 620 | 1,816 | |||
| Proceeds from associates and other financial assets | ||||||
| Hotels | 57 | 124 | 10 | |||
| Purchases of property, plant and equipment Soft | ||||||
| Drinks | | | (47 | ) | ||
| Disposal of business, net of cash disposed of Soft | ||||||
| Drinks | | | 220 | |||
| Tax paid on disposals | (32 | ) | (6 | ) | (11 | ) |
| Net cash from investing activities | (19 | ) | 614 | 1,852 | ||
| Cash flow from financing activities | ||||||
| Proceeds from the issue of share capital | 16 | 20 | 10 | |||
| Purchase of own shares | (81 | ) | (260 | ) | (207 | ) |
| Payment to shareholders as a result of the capital | ||||||
| reorganisation on June 27, 2005 | | | (996 | ) | ||
| Purchase of own shares by employee share trusts | (69 | ) | (47 | ) | (29 | ) |
| Proceeds on release of own shares by employee share trusts | 10 | 19 | 16 | |||
| Dividends paid to shareholders | (773 | ) | (561 | ) | (81 | ) |
| Dividends paid to minority interests | | (1 | ) | (177 | ) | |
| Increase/(decrease) in borrowings | 553 | (172 | ) | (442 | ) | |
| Net cash from financing activities | (344 | ) | (1,002 | ) | (1,906 | ) |
| Net movement in cash and cash equivalents in the year | (131 | ) | (152 | ) | 259 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year | 179 | 324 | 72 | |||
| Exchange rate effects | 4 | 7 | (7 | ) | ||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year | 52 | 179 | 324 |
The Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these Financial Statements.
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Note 1 Corporate Information and Accounting Policies
Corporate information
The consolidated financial statements of InterContinental Hotels Group PLC (the Company or IHG) for the year ended December 31, 2007 were authorized for issue in accordance with a resolution of the Directors on February 18, 2008. InterContinental Hotels Group PLC is incorporated in Great Britain and registered in England and Wales.
Summary of significant accounting policies
Basis of preparation
The consolidated financial statements are presented in sterling and all values are rounded to the nearest million except where otherwise indicated.
Statement of compliance
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the European Union (EU), and in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 1985. IFRS as adopted by the EU differs in certain respects from IFRS as issued by the IASB, however, the differences have no impact on the Companys consolidated financial statements for the years presented.
The Company has early adopted International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee 14 IAS 19 -The Limit on a Defined Benefit Asset, Minimum Funding Requirements and their Interaction (IFRIC 14). IFRIC 14 provides guidance on assessing the limit in International Accounting Standard 19 Employee Benefits (IAS 19) on the amount of the surplus that can be recognized as an asset. It also explains how the pension asset or liability may be affected by a statutory or contractual minimum funding requirement. Under IFRIC 14, the Company has recognized retirement benefit assets of £32 million on the balance sheet at December 31, 2007.
The Company has also adopted International Financial Reporting Standard 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures (IFRS 7) for the first time in these financial statements. This is a disclosure standard only which has had no impact on the Companys results or net assets. The new disclosures are included throughout the financial statements.
Other new accounting standards and interpretations issued by the IASB and the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC), becoming effective during the year, have not had a material impact on the Companys financial statements.
The principal accounting policies of the Company are set out below.
Basis of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the parent company and entities controlled by the Company. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated.
The results of those businesses acquired or disposed of are consolidated for the period during which they were under the Companys control.
Foreign currencies
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the functional currency at the exchange rates ruling on the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated to the functional currency at the relevant rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. All foreign exchange differences arising on translation are recognized in the income statement except on foreign currency borrowings that provide a hedge against a net investment in a foreign operation. These are taken directly to the currency
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translation reserve until the disposal of the net investment, at which time they are recycled against the gain or loss on disposal.
The assets and liabilities of foreign operations, including goodwill, are translated into sterling at the relevant rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. The revenues and expenses of foreign operations are translated into sterling at weighted average rates of exchange for the period. The exchange differences arising on the retranslation are taken directly to the currency translation reserve. On disposal of a foreign operation, the cumulative amount recognized in the currency translation reserve relating to that particular foreign operation is recycled against the gain or loss on disposal.
Derivative financial instruments and hedging
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments are accounted for in line with the nature of the hedging arrangement. The Companys detailed accounting policies with respect to hedging instruments are set out in Note 21. Documentation outlining the measurement and effectiveness of the hedging arrangement is maintained throughout the life of the hedge relationship. Any ineffective element of a hedge arrangement is recognized in financial income or expense.
Interest arising from currency swap agreements is taken to financial income or expense on a gross basis over the term of the relevant agreements. Interest arising from other currency derivatives and interest rate swaps is taken to financial income or expense on a net basis over the term of the agreement.
Foreign exchange gains and losses on currency instruments are recognized in financial income and expense unless they form part of effective hedge relationships.
The fair value of derivatives is calculated by discounting the expected future cash flows at prevailing interest rates.
Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less depreciation and any impairment.
Borrowing costs are not capitalized. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.
Land is not depreciated. All other property, plant and equipment are depreciated to a residual value over their estimated useful lives, namely:
| Buildings | lesser of 50 years and unexpired term of lease; and |
|---|---|
| Fixtures, fittings and equipment | 3 to 25 years. |
All depreciation is charged on a straight-line basis. Residual value is reassessed annualy.
Property, plant and equipment are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Assets that do not generate independent cash flows are combined into cash-generating units. If carrying values exceed estimated recoverable amount, the assets or cash-generating units are written down to their recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is the greater of fair value less cost to sell and value in use. Value in use is assessed based on estimated future cash flows discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.
On adoption of IFRS the Company retained previous revaluations of property, plant and equipment at deemed cost as permitted by IFRS 1 First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards.
Goodwill
Goodwill arises on consolidation and is recorded at cost, being the excess of the cost of acquisition over the fair value at the date of acquisition of the Companys share of identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities. Following initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses.
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Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annualy by comparing carrying values of cash-generating units with their recoverable amounts.
Intangible assets
Software
Acquired software licenses and software developed in-house are capitalized on the basis of the costs incurred to acquire and bring to use the specific software. Costs are amortized over estimated useful lives of three to five years on a straight-line basis.
Management contracts
When assets are sold and a purchaser enters into a management or franchise contract with the Company, the Company capitalizes as part of the gain or loss on disposal an estimate of the fair value of the contract entered into. The value of management contracts is amortized over the life of the contract which ranges from six to 50 years on a straight-line basis.
Other intangible assets
Amounts paid to hotel owners to secure management contracts and franchise agreements are capitalized and amortized over the shorter of the contracted period and 10 years on a straight-line basis.
Internally generated development costs are expensed unless forecast revenues exceed attributable forecast development costs, at which time they are capitalized and amortized over the life of the asset.
Intangible assets are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.
Associates
An associate is an entity over which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, through participation in the financial and operating policy decisions of the entity.
Associates are accounted for using the equity method unless the associate is classified as held for sale. Under the equity method, the Companys investment is recorded at cost adjusted by the Companys share of post acquisition profits and losses. When the Companys share of losses exceeds its interest in an associate, the Companys carrying amount is reduced to £nil and recognition of further losses is discontinued except to the extent that the Company has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of an associate.
Financial assets
The Company classifies its financial assets into one of the two following categories: loans and receivables or available-for-sale financial assets. Management determines the classification on initial recognition and they are subsequently held at amortized cost (loans and receivables) or fair value (available-for-sale financial assets). Interest on loans and receivables is calculated using the effective interest rate method and is recognized in the income statement as interest income. Changes in fair values of available-for-sale financial assets are recorded directly in equity within the unrealized gains and losses reserve. On disposal, the accumulated fair value adjustments recognized in equity are recycled to the income statement. Dividends from available-for-sale financial assets are recognized in the income statement as operating income and expenses.
Financial assets are tested for impairment at each balance sheet date. If an available-for-sale financial asset is impaired, the difference between original cost and fair value is transferred from equity to the income statement to the extent of any cumulative loss recorded in equity with any excess charged directly to the income statement.
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Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability expires, is discharged or canceled.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value.
Trade receivables
Trade receivables are recorded at their original amount less provision for impairment. It is the Companys policy to provide for 100% of the previous months aged receivables balances which are more than 180 days past due. Adjustments to the policy may be made due to specific or exceptional circumstances when collection is no longer considered probable. The carrying amount of the receivable is reduced through the use of a provision account and movements in the provision are recognized in the income statement within cost of sales. When a previously provided trade receivable is uncollectable, it is written off against the provision.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash comprises cash in hand and demand deposits.
Cash equivalents are short-term highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.
In the cash flow statement cash and cash equivalents are shown net of short-term overdrafts which are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Companys cash management.
Assets held for sale
Non-current assets and associated liabilities are classified as held for sale when their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than continuing use and a sale is highly probable.
Assets designated as held for sale are held at the lower of carrying amount at designation and sales value less cost to sell.
Depreciation is not charged against property, plant and equipment classified as held for sale.
Trade payables
Trade payables are non interest bearing and are stated at their nominal value.
Loyalty program
The hotel loyalty program, Priority Club Rewards, enables members to earn points, funded through hotel assessments, during each stay at an IHG hotel and redeem the points at a later date for free accommodation or other benefits. The future redemption liability is included in trade and other payables and is estimated using eventual redemption rates determined by actuarial methods and points values.
The Company pays interest to the loyalty program on the accumulated cash received in advance of redemption of the points awarded.
Self insurance
The Company is self insured for various insurable risks including general liability, workers compensation and employee medical and dental coverage. Insurance reserves include projected settlements for known and incurred but not reported claims. Projected settlements are estimated based on historical trends and actuarial data.
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Provisions
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that a payment will be made and a reliable estimate of the amount payable can be made. If the effect of the time value of money is material, the provision is discounted.
Bank and other borrowings
Bank and other borrowings are initially recognized at the fair value of the consideration received less directly attributable transaction costs. They are subsequently measured at amortized cost. Finance charges, including issue costs, are charged to the income statement using an effective interest rate method.
Borrowings are classified as non-current when the repayment date is more than 12 months from the balance sheet date or where they are drawn on a facility with more than 12 months to expiry.
Retirement benefits
Defined contribution plans
Payments to defined contribution schemes are charged to the income statement as they fall due.
Defined benefit plans
Plan assets are measured at fair value and plan liabilities are measured on an actuarial basis, using the projected unit credit method and discounting at an interest rate equivalent to the current rate of return on a high quality corporate bond of equivalent currency and term to the plan liabilities. The difference between the value of plan assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date is the amount of surplus or deficit recorded on the balance sheet as an asset or liability. An asset is recognized in full when the employer has an unconditional right to use the surplus at some point during the life of the plan or on its wind up.
The service cost of providing pension benefits to employees for the year is charged to the income statement. The cost of making improvements to pensions is recognized in the income statement on a straight-line basis over the period during which any increase in benefits vests. To the extent that improvements in benefits vest immediately, the cost is recognized immediately as an expense.
Actuarial gains and losses may result from: differences between the expected return and the actual return on plan assets; differences between the actuarial assumptions underlying the plan liabilities and actual experience during the year; or changes in the actuarial assumptions used in the valuation of the plan liabilities. Actuarial gains and losses, and taxation thereon, are recognized in the consolidated statement of recognized income and expense.
Actuarial valuations are normally carried out every three years and are updated for material transactions and other material changes in circumstances (including changes in market prices and interest rates) up to the balance sheet date.
Taxes
Current tax
Current income tax assets and liabilities for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the tax authorities including interest. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized in respect of temporary differences between the tax base and carrying value of assets and liabilities, including accelerated capital allowances, unrelieved tax losses, unremitted profits from overseas where the Company does not control remittance, gains rolled over into replacement assets, gains on previously revalued properties and other short-term temporary differences.
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Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is regarded as probable that the deductible temporary differences can be realized. The recoverability of all deferred tax assets is reassessed at each balance sheet date.
Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the periods in which the asset or liability will be settled, based on rates enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.
Revenue recognition
Revenue is derived from the following sources: owned and leased properties; management fees; franchise fees and other revenues which are ancillary to the Companys operations.
Generally, revenue represents sales (excluding VAT and similar taxes) of goods and services, net of discounts, provided in the normal course of business and recognized when services have been rendered. The following is a description of the composition of revenues of the Company.
Owned and leased primarily derived from hotel operations, including the rental of rooms and food and beverage sales from owned and leased hotels operated under the Companys brand names. Revenue is recognized when rooms are occupied and food and beverages are sold.
Management fees earned from hotels managed by the Company, usually under long-term contracts with the hotel owner. Management fees include a base fee, which is generally a percentage of hotel revenue, and an incentive fee, which is generally based on the hotels profitability or cash flows. Revenue is recognized when earned and realized or realizable under the terms of the contract.
Franchise fees received in connection with the license of the Companys brand names, usually under long-term contracts with the hotel owner. The Company charges franchise royalty fees as a percentage of room revenue. Revenue is recognized when earned and realized or realizable under the terms of the agreement.
Share-based payments
The cost of equity-settled transactions with employees is measured by reference to fair value at the date at which the shares are granted. Fair value is determined by an external valuer using option pricing models.
The cost of equity-settled transactions is recognized, together with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period in which any performance conditions are fulfilled, ending on the date on which the relevant employees become fully entitled to the award (vesting date).
The income statement charge for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognized at the beginning and end of that period. No expense is recognized for awards that do not ultimately vest, except for awards where vesting is conditional upon a market condition, which are treated as vesting irrespective of whether or not the market condition is satisfied, provided that all other performance conditions are satisfied.
The Company has taken advantage of the transitional provisions of IFRS 2 Share-based Payments in respect of equity-settled awards and has applied IFRS 2 only to equity-settled awards granted after November 7, 2002 that had not vested before January 1, 2005.
Leases
Operating lease rentals are charged to the income statement on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
Assets held under finance leases, which transfer to the Company substantially all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item, are capitalized at the inception of the lease, with a corresponding liability being recognized for the fair value of the leased asset or, if lower, the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between the reduction of the lease liability and finance charges in the income statement so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Assets held under finance leases are depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset and the lease term.
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Disposal of non-current assets
The Company recognizes the sales proceeds and related gain or loss on disposal on completion of the sales process. In determining whether the gain or loss should be recorded, the Company considers whether it:
| | has a continuing managerial involvement to the degree associated
with asset ownership; |
| --- | --- |
| | has transferred the significant risks and rewards associated
with asset ownership; and |
| | can reliably measure and will actually receive the proceeds. |
Discontinued operations
Discontinued operations are those relating to hotels sold or those classified as held for sale when the results relate to a separate line of business, geographical area of operations, or where there is a co-ordinated plan to dispose of a separate line of business or geographical area of operations.
Exceptional items
The Company discloses certain financial information both including and excluding exceptional items. The presentation of information excluding exceptional items allows a better understanding of the underlying trading performance of the Company and provides consistency with the Companys internal management reporting. Exceptional items are identified by virtue of either their size or nature so as to facilitate comparison with prior periods and to assess underlying trends in financial performance. Exceptional items can include, but are not restricted to, gains and losses on the disposal of assets, impairment charges and reversals, restructuring costs and the release of tax provisions.
Amounts that have previously been disclosed as special items have now been called exceptional items in accordance with market practice. There have been no change to the Companys accounting policy for identifying these items.
Use of accounting estimates and judgments
The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions.
The estimates and assumptions that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the financial statements are:
| | Impairment the Company determines whether goodwill
is impaired on an annual basis or more frequently if there are
indicators of impairment. Other non-current assets, including
property, plant and equipment, are tested for impairment if
there are indicators of impairment. Impairment testing requires
an estimate of future cash flows and the choice of a suitable
discount rate and, in the case of hotels, an assessment of
recoverable amount based on comparable market transactions. |
| --- | --- |
| | Retirement and other post-employment benefits the
cost of defined benefit pension plans and other post-employment
benefits is determined using actuarial valuations. The actuarial
valuation involves making assumptions about discount rates,
expected rates of return on assets, future salary increases,
mortality rates and future pension increases. |
| | Tax provisions for tax accruals require judgments on
the interpretation of tax legislation, developments in tax case
law and the potential outcomes of tax audits and appeals. In
addition, deferred tax assets are recognized for unused tax
attributes to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit
will be available against which they can be utilized. Judgment
is required as to the amount that can be recognized based on the
likely amount and timing of future taxable profits, taking into
account expected tax planning. |
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| | Loyalty program the future redemption liability
included in trade and other payables is estimated using
actuarial methods based on statistical formulae that project the
timing of future point redemptions based on historical levels to
give eventual redemption rates and points values. |
| --- | --- |
| | Trade receivables a provision for impairment of
trade receivables is made on the basis of historical experience
and other factors considered relevant by management. |
| | Other the Company also makes estimates and judgments
in the valuation of management and franchise agreements acquired
on asset disposals, the valuation of financial assets classified
as available-for-sale, the outcome of legal proceedings and
claims and in the valuation of share-based payment costs. |
New standards and interpretations
The IASB and IFRIC issued the following standards and interpretations with an effective date after the date of these financial statements. They have not been adopted early by the Company and the Directors do not anticipate that the adoption of these standards and interpretations will have a material impact on the Companys reported income or net assets in the period of adoption.
| IFRS 3R | Business Combinations Effective from July 1, 2009 |
|---|---|
| IFRS 8 | Operating Segments Effective from January 1, 2009 |
| IAS 23 | Borrowing Costs (Amendment) Effective from January 1, 2009 |
| IAS 27R | Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements Effective from |
| July 1, 2009. | |
| IFRIC 11 | Group and Treasury Share Transactions Effective from March 1, 2007 |
| IFRIC 13 | Customer Loyalty Programmes Effective from July 1, 2008. |
Note: the effective dates are in respect of accounting periods beginning on or after the date.
Note 2 Segmental Information
Exchange Rates
The results of foreign operations have been translated into sterling at the weighted average rates of exchange for the period. In the case of the US dollar, the translation rate is £1 = $2.01 (2006 £1 = $1.84, 2005 £1 = $1.83). In the case of the euro, the translation rate is £1 = 1.46 (2006 £1 = 1.47, 2005 £1 = 1.46).
Foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities have been translated into sterling at the rates of exchange on the balance sheet date. In the case of the US dollar, the translation rate is £1 = $2.01 (2006 £1 = $1.96, 2005 £1 = $1.73). In the case of the euro, the translation rate is £1 = 1.36 (2006 £1 = 1.49, 2005 £1 = 1.46).
Hotels
The primary segmental reporting format is determined to be three main geographical regions:
Americas;
Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA); and
Asia Pacific.
These, together with Central functions, form the principal format by which management is organized and makes operational decisions.
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The Company further breaks each geographical region into three distinct business models which offer different growth, return, risk and reward opportunities:
Franchised
Where the Company neither owns nor manages the hotel, but licenses the use of a Company brand and provides access to reservation systems, loyalty schemes, and know-how. The Company derives revenues from a brand royalty or licensing fee, based on a percentage of room revenue.
Managed
Where, in addition to licensing the use of a Company brand, the Company manages the hotel for third party owners. The Company derives revenues from base and incentive management fees and provides the system infrastructure necessary for the hotel to operate. Management contract fees are generally a percentage of hotel revenue and may have an additional incentive fee linked to profitability or cash flow. The terms of these agreements vary, but are often long term (for example, 10 years or more). The Companys responsibilities under the management agreement typically include hiring, training and supervising the managers and employees that operate the hotels under the relevant brand standards. In order to gain access to central reservation systems, global and regional brand marketing and brand standards and procedures, owners are typically required to make a further contribution.
Owned and leased
Where the Company both owns (or leases) and operates the hotel and, in the case of ownership, takes all the benefits and risks associated with ownership.
Segmental results, assets and liabilities include items directly attributable to a segment as well as those that can be allocated on a reasonable basis.
Soft Drinks
This business, which manufactures a variety of soft drink brands with distribution concentrated mainly in the UK, was sold in December 2005.
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Segmental Information
Year ended December 31, 2007
Revenue
| Americas | EMEA | Pacific | Central | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | |||||
| Hotels | |||||
| Owned and leased | 128 | 121 | 73 | | 322 |
| Managed | 78 | 84 | 49 | | 211 |
| Franchised | 244 | 40 | 8 | | 292 |
| Central | | | | 58 | 58 |
| Continuing operations | 450 | 245 | 130 | 58 | 883 |
| Discontinued operations owned and leased | 31 | 9 | | | 40 |
| 481 | 254 | 130 | 58 | 923 |
Segmental result
| Americas | EMEA | Pacific | Central | Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | ||||||||||
| Hotels | ||||||||||
| Owned and leased | 20 | 17 | 18 | | 55 | |||||
| Managed | 21 | 43 | 23 | | 87 | |||||
| Franchised | 212 | 29 | 3 | | 244 | |||||
| Regional and central | (33 | ) | (22 | ) | (13 | ) | (81 | ) | (149 | ) |
| Continuing operations | 220 | 67 | 31 | (81 | ) | 237 | ||||
| Discontinued operations owned and leased | 8 | | | | 8 | |||||
| 228 | 67 | 31 | (81 | ) | 245 | |||||
| Exceptional operating items | 9 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 30 | |||||
| Operating profit | 237 | 77 | 39 | (78 | ) | 275 |
| (£ million) | ||||||
| Operating profit | 267 | 8 | 275 | |||
| Net finance costs | (45 | ) | | (45 | ) | |
| Profit before tax | 222 | 8 | 230 | |||
| Tax | (12 | ) | (3 | ) | (15 | ) |
| Profit after tax | 210 | 5 | 215 | |||
| Gain on disposal of assets, net of tax | | 16 | 16 | |||
| Profit for the year | 210 | 21 | 231 |
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Year ended December 31, 2007
Assets and liabilities
| Americas | EMEA | Pacific | Central | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | |||||||||
| Segment assets | 614 | 613 | 334 | 83 | 1,644 | ||||
| Non-current assets classified as held for sale | 57 | | | | 57 | ||||
| 671 | 613 | 334 | 83 | 1,701 | |||||
| Unallocated assets: | |||||||||
| Current tax receivable | 54 | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 52 | ||||||||
| Total assets | 1,807 | ||||||||
| Segment liabilities | (280 | ) | (237 | ) | (67 | ) | | (584 | ) |
| Liabilities classified as held for sale | (3 | ) | | | | (3 | ) | ||
| (283 | ) | (237 | ) | (67 | ) | | (587 | ) | |
| Unallocated liabilities: | |||||||||
| Current tax payable | (212 | ) | |||||||
| Deferred tax payable | (82 | ) | |||||||
| Loans and other borrowings | (877 | ) | |||||||
| Total liabilities | (1,758 | ) |
Other segmental information
| Americas | EMEA | Pacific | Central | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | |||||
| Continuing operations: | |||||
| Capital | |||||
| expenditure (i) | 29 | 20 | 20 | 23 | 92 |
| Additions to: | |||||
| Property, plant and equipment | 16 | 14 | 14 | 10 | 54 |
| Intangible assets | 4 | 5 | 3 | 13 | 25 |
| Depreciation and | |||||
| amortization (ii) | 16 | 18 | 11 | 11 | 56 |
| Reversal of previously recorded impairment | | | 3 | | 3 |
| Discontinued operations: | |||||
| Capital | |||||
| expenditure (i) | 1 | | | | 1 |
| Depreciation and | |||||
| amortization (ii) | 1 | 1 | | | 2 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
| (i) | Comprises purchases of property,
plant and equipment, intangible assets and other financial
assets and acquisitions of subsidiaries as included in the
consolidated cash flow statement. |
| --- | --- |
| (ii) | Included in the
£58 million of depreciation and amortization is
£20 million relating to administrative expenses and
£38 million relating to cost of sales. |
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Year ended December 31, 2006
Revenue
| Americas | EMEA | Pacific | Central | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | |||||
| Hotels | |||||
| Owned and leased | 104 | 92 | 71 | | 267 |
| Managed | 77 | 71 | 36 | | 184 |
| Franchised | 241 | 35 | 4 | | 280 |
| Central | | | | 55 | 55 |
| Continuing operations | 422 | 198 | 111 | 55 | 786 |
| Discontinued operations owned and leased | 41 | 133 | | | 174 |
| 463 | 331 | 111 | 55 | 960 |
Segmental result
| (£ million) | ||||||||||
| Hotels | ||||||||||
| Owned and leased | 12 | (4 | ) | 17 | | 25 | ||||
| Managed | 27 | 37 | 21 | | 85 | |||||
| Franchised | 208 | 24 | 3 | | 235 | |||||
| Regional and central | (32 | ) | (20 | ) | (12 | ) | (81 | ) | (145 | ) |
| Continuing operations | 215 | 37 | 29 | (81 | ) | 200 | ||||
| Discontinued operations owned and leased | 6 | 25 | | | 31 | |||||
| 221 | 62 | 29 | (81 | ) | 231 | |||||
| Exceptional operating items | 25 | 2 | | | 27 | |||||
| Operating profit | 246 | 64 | 29 | (81 | ) | 258 |
| (£ million) | ||||||
| Operating profit | 227 | 31 | 258 | |||
| Net finance costs | (11 | ) | | (11 | ) | |
| Profit before tax | 216 | 31 | 247 | |||
| Tax | 53 | (12 | ) | 41 | ||
| Profit after tax | 269 | 19 | 288 | |||
| Gain on disposal of assets, net of tax | | 117 | 117 | |||
| Profit for the year | 269 | 136 | 405 |
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Year ended December 31, 2006
Assets and liabilities
| Americas | EMEA | Pacific | Central | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | |||||||||
| Segment assets | 647 | 583 | 338 | 73 | 1,641 | ||||
| Non-current assets classified as held for sale | 40 | 10 | | | 50 | ||||
| 687 | 593 | 338 | 73 | 1,691 | |||||
| Unallocated assets: | |||||||||
| Current tax receivable | 23 | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 179 | ||||||||
| Total assets | 1,893 | ||||||||
| Segment liabilities | (295 | ) | (234 | ) | (53 | ) | | (582 | ) |
| Liabilities classified as held for sale | (2 | ) | | | | (2 | ) | ||
| (297 | ) | (234 | ) | (53 | ) | | (584 | ) | |
| Unallocated liabilities: | |||||||||
| Current tax payable | (231 | ) | |||||||
| Deferred tax payable | (79 | ) | |||||||
| Loans and other borrowings | (313 | ) | |||||||
| Total liabilities | (1,207 | ) |
Other segmental information
| Americas | EMEA | Pacific | Central | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | |||||
| Continuing operations: | |||||
| Capital | |||||
| expenditure (i) | 34 | 49 | 17 | 15 | 115 |
| Additions to: | |||||
| Property, plant and equipment | 116 | 53 | 9 | 4 | 182 |
| Intangible assets | 10 | 31 | 1 | 11 | 53 |
| Depreciation and | |||||
| amortization (ii) | 15 | 17 | 10 | 13 | 55 |
| Reversal of previously recorded impairment | | 2 | | | 2 |
| Discontinued operations: | |||||
| Capital | |||||
| expenditure (i) | 1 | 8 | | | 9 |
| Additions to property, plant and equipment | | 4 | | | 4 |
| Depreciation and | |||||
| amortization (ii) | 4 | 5 | | | 9 |
| Impairment of assets held for sale | 3 | | | | 3 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
| (i) | Comprises purchases of property,
plant and equipment, intangible assets and other financial
assets and acquisitions of subsidiaries as included in the
consolidated cash flow statement. |
| --- | --- |
| (ii) | Included in the
£64 million of depreciation and amortization is
£21 million relating to administrative expenses and
£43 million relating to cost of sales. |
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Year ended December 31, 2005*
Revenue
| Americas | EMEA | Pacific | Central | Hotels | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | |||||
| Hotels | |||||
| Owned and leased | 98 | 102 | 59 | | 259 |
| Managed | 65 | 55 | 25 | | 145 |
| Franchised | 213 | 35 | 3 | | 251 |
| Central | | | | 42 | 42 |
| Continuing operations | 376 | 192 | 87 | 42 | 697 |
| Discontinued operations owned and leased | 69 | 419 | 54 | | 542 |
| 445 | 611 | 141 | 42 | 1,239 |
| (£ million) | |||
| Group | |||
| Hotels | 697 | 542 | 1,239 |
| Soft Drinks | | 671 | 671 |
| Total revenue | 697 | 1,213 | 1,910 |
Segmental result
| Americas | EMEA | Asia Pacific | Central | Hotels | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | ||||||||||
| Hotels | ||||||||||
| Owned and leased | 14 | (3 | ) | 11 | | 22 | ||||
| Managed | 20 | 31 | 16 | | 67 | |||||
| Franchised | 186 | 26 | 2 | | 214 | |||||
| Regional and central | (34 | ) | (21 | ) | (8 | ) | (65 | ) | (128 | ) |
| Continuing operations | 186 | 33 | 21 | (65 | ) | 175 | ||||
| Discontinued operations owned and leased | 12 | 71 | 11 | | 94 | |||||
| 198 | 104 | 32 | (65 | ) | 269 |
| (£ million) | ||||||
| Group | ||||||
| Hotels | 175 | 94 | 269 | |||
| Soft Drinks | | 70 | 70 | |||
| 175 | 164 | 339 | ||||
| Exceptional operating items | (15 | ) | (7 | ) | (22 | ) |
| Operating profit | 160 | 157 | 317 | |||
| Net finance costs | (24 | ) | (9 | ) | (33 | ) |
| Profit before tax | 136 | 148 | 284 | |||
| Tax | (22 | ) | (58 | ) | (80 | ) |
| Profit after tax | 114 | 90 | 204 | |||
| Gain on disposal of assets, net of tax | | 311 | 311 | |||
| Profit for the year | 114 | 401 | 515 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
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Year ended December 31, 2005*
Assets and liabilities
| Americas | EMEA | Pacific | Central | Hotels | Drinks | Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | ||||||||||||
| Segment assets | 689 | 987 | 346 | 88 | 2,110 | | 2,110 | |||||
| Non-current assets classified as held for sale | 21 | 258 | | | 279 | | 279 | |||||
| 710 | 1,245 | 346 | 88 | 2,389 | | 2,389 | ||||||
| Unallocated assets: | ||||||||||||
| Current tax receivable | 22 | | 22 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 324 | | 324 | |||||||||
| Total assets | 2,735 | | 2,735 | |||||||||
| Segment liabilities | (340 | ) | (261 | ) | (50 | ) | | (651 | ) | | (651 | ) |
| Liabilities classified as held for sale | (1 | ) | (33 | ) | | | (34 | ) | | (34 | ) | |
| (341 | ) | (294 | ) | (50 | ) | | (685 | ) | | (685 | ) | |
| Unallocated liabilities: | ||||||||||||
| Current tax payable | (324 | ) | | (324 | ) | |||||||
| Deferred tax payable | (210 | ) | | (210 | ) | |||||||
| Loans and other borrowings | (412 | ) | | (412 | ) | |||||||
| Total liabilities | (1,631 | ) | | (1,631 | ) |
Other segmental information
| Americas | EMEA | Pacific | Central | Hotels | Drinks | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | |||||||
| Continuing operations: | |||||||
| Capital | |||||||
| expenditure (i) | 17 | 19 | 28 | 13 | 77 | | 77 |
| Additions to: | |||||||
| Property, plant and equipment | 7 | 15 | 30 | 6 | 58 | | 58 |
| Intangible assets | 27 | 51 | 9 | 7 | 94 | | 94 |
| Depreciation and | |||||||
| amortization (ii) | 16 | 13 | 8 | 15 | 52 | | 52 |
| Impairment of property, plant and equipment | | 7 | | | 7 | | 7 |
| Discontinued operations: | |||||||
| Capital | |||||||
| expenditure (i) | 11 | 44 | 4 | | 59 | 47 | 106 |
| Additions to: | |||||||
| Property, plant and equipment | 9 | 33 | 4 | | 46 | 36 | 82 |
| Intangible assets | | | | | | 7 | 7 |
| Depreciation and | |||||||
| amortization (ii) | 4 | 26 | 3 | | 33 | 45 | 78 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
| (i) | Comprises purchases of property,
plant and equipment, intangible assets and other financial
assets and acquisitions of subsidiaries as included in the cash
flow statement. |
| --- | --- |
| (ii) | Included in the £130 million
of depreciation and amortization is £23 million relating to
administrative expenses and £107 million relating to cost
of sales. |
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Note 3 Staff costs and Directors emoluments
Staff
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | |||
| Costs: | |||
| Wages and salaries | 292 | 301 | 465 |
| Social security costs | 31 | 38 | 61 |
| Pension and other post-retirement benefits: | |||
| Defined benefit plans | 4 | 6 | 19 |
| Defined contribution plans | 12 | 11 | 15 |
| 339 | 356 | 560 |
Employee numbers
Average number of employees, including part-time employees:
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Number) | |||
| Americas | 3,761 | 3,771 | 5,832 |
| EMEA | 2,739 | 4,437 | 10,477 |
| Asia Pacific | 2,716 | 2,225 | 1,737 |
| Central | 1,150 | 1,023 | 949 |
| Hotels | 10,366 | 11,456 | 18,995 |
| Soft Drinks | | | 2,991 |
| 10,366 | 11,456 | 21,986 |
Retirement benefits
Retirement and death in service benefits are provided for eligible employees in the United Kingdom principally by the InterContinental Hotels UK Pension Plan. The plan, which is funded and HM Revenue & Customs registered covers approximately 440 (2006 410, 2005 400) employees, of which 200 (2006 220, 2005 240) are in the defined benefit section which provides pensions based on final salaries and 240 (2006 190, 2005 160) are in the defined contribution section. The deferred benefit section of the plan closed to new entrants during 2002 with new members provided with defined contribution arrangements The assets of the plan are held in self-administered trust funds separate from the Companys assets. In addition, there are unfunded UK pension arrangements for certain members affected by the lifetime allowance. The Company also maintains the following US-based deferred benefit plans; the funded InterContinental Hotels Pension Plan, unfunded InterContinental Hotels non-qualified pension plans and post-employment benefits schemes. These plans are now closed to new members. The Company also operates a number of minor pension schemes outside the United Kingdom, the most significant of which is a defined contribution scheme in the United States; there is no material difference between the pension costs of, and contributions to, those schemes.
On December 14, 2005, the Soft Drinks business, including the Britvic Pension Plan, was sold. The comparative information provided below includes movements for the Britvic Pension Plan up to the date of disposal.
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The amounts recognized in the consolidated income statement in respect of the defined benefit plans are:
| Pension plans | employment | ||||||||||||||||||||
| UK | US and other | benefits | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
| Recognized in administrative expenses | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||
| (£ million) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Current service costs | 5 | 5 | 19 | | | | | | | 5 | 5 | 19 | |||||||||
| Interest cost on benefit obligation | 15 | 13 | 30 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 21 | 19 | 37 | |||||||||
| Expected return on plan assets | (17 | ) | (14 | ) | (32 | ) | (5 | ) | (4 | ) | (5 | ) | | | | (22 | ) | (18 | ) | (37 | ) |
| 3 | 4 | 17 | | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 19 | ||||||||||
| Recognized in other operating | |||||||||||||||||||||
| income and expense | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Plan curtailment | | | (7 | ) | | | | | | | | | (7 | ) |
The curtailment gain arose as a result of the sale of 73 United Kingdom hotel properties.
The amounts recognized in the consolidated statement of recognized income and expense are:
| Pension plans | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UK | US and other | benefits | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
| Actuarial gains and losses | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||
| (£ million) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Actual return on plan assets | 14 | 21 | 79 | 5 | 6 | 4 | | | | 19 | 27 | 83 | |||||||||
| Less: expected return on plan assets | (17 | ) | (14 | ) | (32 | ) | (5 | ) | (4 | ) | (5 | ) | | | | (22 | ) | (18 | ) | (37 | ) |
| (3 | ) | 7 | 47 | | 2 | (1 | ) | | | | (3 | ) | 9 | 46 | |||||||
| Other actuarial gains and losses | 15 | (12 | ) | (67 | ) | | | (3 | ) | | 1 | 1 | 15 | (11 | ) | (69 | ) | ||||
| 12 | (5 | ) | (20 | ) | | 2 | (4 | ) | | 1 | 1 | 12 | (2 | ) | (23 | ) |
The assets and liabilities of the schemes and the amounts recognised in the consolidated balance sheet are:
| UK | US and other | Post-employment benefits | Total | |||||||||||||
| 2007 | 2006 | 2007 | 2006 | 2007 | 2006 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
| (£ million) | ||||||||||||||||
| Schemes in surplus | ||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of plan assets | 304 | | 7 | | | | 311 | | ||||||||
| Present value of benefit obligations | (274 | ) | | (5 | ) | | | | (279 | ) | | |||||
| Retirement benefit assets | 30 | | 2 | | | | 32 | | ||||||||
| Schemes in deficit | ||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of plan assets | | 269 | 65 | 56 | | | 65 | 325 | ||||||||
| Present value of benefit obligations | (23 | ) | (298 | ) | (87 | ) | (89 | ) | (10 | ) | (9 | ) | (120 | ) | (396 | ) |
| Retirement benefit obligations | (23 | ) | (29 | ) | (22 | ) | (33 | ) | (10 | ) | (9 | ) | (55 | ) | (71 | ) |
| Total fair value of plan assets | 304 | 269 | 72 | 56 | | | 376 | 325 | ||||||||
| Total present value of benefit obligations | (297 | ) | (298 | ) | (92 | ) | (89 | ) | (10 | ) | (9 | ) | (399 | ) | (396 | ) |
The US and other surplus of £2 million relates to a defined benefit pension scheme in Hong Kong.
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Assumptions
The principal financial assumptions used by the actuaries to determine the benefit obligation are:
| UK | US | Post-employment benefits | |||||||
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
| (%) | |||||||||
| Wages and salaries increases | 4.9 | 4.6 | 4.3 | | | | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| Pensions increases | 3.4 | 3.1 | 2.8 | | | | | | |
| Discount rate | 5.5 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.5 |
| Inflation rate | 3.4 | 3.1 | 2.8 | | | | | | |
| Healthcare cost trend rate assumed for next year | 10.0 | 10.0 | 9.0 | ||||||
| Ultimate rate that the cost trend rate trends to | 5.0 | 5.0 | 4.5 |
Mortality is the most significant demographic assumption. In respect of the UK plans, the specific mortality rates used are in line with the PA92 medium cohort tables, with age rated down by one year, implying the following life expectancies at retirement. In the US, life expectancy is determined by reference to the RP-2000 healthy tables.
| UK | US | |||||
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
| (years) | ||||||
| Current pensioners at 65 | ||||||
| male (i) | 23 | 23 | 21 | 18 | 18 | 17 |
| Current pensioners at 65 | ||||||
| female (i) | 26 | 26 | 24 | 20 | 20 | 22 |
| Future pensioners at 65 | ||||||
| male (ii) | 24 | 24 | 22 | 18 | 18 | 17 |
| Future pensioners at 65 | ||||||
| female (ii) | 27 | 27 | 25 | 20 | 20 | 22 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
| (i) | Relates to assumptions based on
longevity (in years) following retirement at the balance sheet
date. |
| --- | --- |
| (ii) | Relates to assumptions based on
longevity (in years) relating to an employee retiring in 2027. |
The assumptions allow for expected increases in longevity.
Sensitivities
The value of scheme assets is sensitive to market conditions, particularly equity value. Changes in assumptions used for determining retirement benefit costs and obligations may have a material impact on the income statement and the balance sheet. The main assumptions are the discount rate, the rate of inflation and the assumed mortality rate. The following table provides an estimate of the potential impacts of each of these variables on the pension plans.
| Higher/ | Increase/ | Higher/ | Increase/ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (lower) | (decrease) | (lower) | (decrease) | ||||
| pension cost | in liabilities | pension cost | in liabilities | ||||
| (£ million) | |||||||
| Discount rate 0.25% decrease | 0.4 | 15.6 | | 2.4 | |||
| Discount rate 0.25% increase | (0.4 | ) | (14.7 | ) | | (2.3 | ) |
| Inflation rate 0.25% increase | 0.9 | 14.6 | | | |||
| Inflation rate 0.25% decrease | (0.9 | ) | (13.8 | ) | | | |
| Mortality rate one year increase | 0.6 | 6.8 | | 2.7 |
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In 2018 the healthcare cost trend rate reaches the assumed ultimate rate. A one percentage point increase/(decrease) in assumed healthcare costs trend rate would increase/(decrease) the accumulated post-employment benefit obligations as on December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, by approximately £1 million and would increase/(decrease) the total of the service and interest cost components of net post-employment healthcare cost for the period then ended by approximately £nil.
| Pension plans | employment | |||||||||||||||
| UK | US and other | benefits | Total | |||||||||||||
| Movement in benefit obligation | 2007 | 2006 | 2007 | 2006 | 2007 | 2006 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||
| (£ million) | ||||||||||||||||
| Benefit obligation at beginning of year | 298 | 274 | 89 | 103 | 9 | 11 | 396 | 388 | ||||||||
| Current service cost | 5 | 5 | | | | | 5 | 5 | ||||||||
| Members contributions | 1 | 1 | | | | | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| Interest expense | 15 | 13 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 21 | 19 | ||||||||
| Benefits paid | (7 | ) | (7 | ) | (5 | ) | (6 | ) | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | (13 | ) | (14 | ) |
| Reclassification(i) | | | 5 | | | | 5 | | ||||||||
| Actuarial (gain)/ loss arising in the year | (15 | ) | 12 | | | | (1 | ) | (15 | ) | 11 | |||||
| Exchange adjustments | | | (2 | ) | (13 | ) | 1 | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | (14 | ) | |||
| Benefit obligation at end of year | 297 | 298 | 92 | 89 | 10 | 9 | 399 | 396 | ||||||||
| Comprising: | ||||||||||||||||
| Funded plans | 274 | 275 | 70 | 65 | | | 344 | 340 | ||||||||
| Unfunded plans | 23 | 23 | 22 | 24 | 10 | 9 | 55 | 56 | ||||||||
| 297 | 298 | 92 | 89 | 10 | 9 | 399 | 396 |
| Pension plans | employment | |||||||||||||||
| UK | US and other | benefits | Total | |||||||||||||
| Movement in plan assets | 2007 | 2006 | 2007 | 2006 | 2007 | 2006 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||
| (£ million) | ||||||||||||||||
| Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year | 269 | 250 | 56 | 62 | | | 325 | 312 | ||||||||
| Company contributions | 27 | 4 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 38 | 6 | ||||||||
| Members contributions | 1 | 1 | | | | | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| Benefits paid | (7 | ) | (7 | ) | (5 | ) | (6 | ) | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | (13 | ) | (14 | ) |
| Reclassification(i) | | | 7 | | | | 7 | | ||||||||
| Expected return on assets | 17 | 14 | 5 | 4 | | | 22 | 18 | ||||||||
| Actuarial (loss)/gain arising in the year | (3 | ) | 7 | | 2 | | | (3 | ) | 9 | ||||||
| Exchange adjustments | | | (1 | ) | (7 | ) | | | (1 | ) | (7 | ) | ||||
| Fair value of plan assets at end of year | 304 | 269 | 72 | 56 | | | 376 | 325 |
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(i) Relates to the recognition of the gross assets and obligations of the Hong Kong pension scheme.
Normal company contributions are expected to be £8 million in 2008. In addition, the Company has agreed to pay special contributions of £20 million to the UK pension plan; £10 million in 2008 and £10 million in 2009.
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The combined assets of the principal plans and expected rate of return are:
| Long-term | Long-term | Long-term | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rate of | rate of | rate of | ||||
| return | return | return | ||||
| expected | Value | expected | Value | expected | Value | |
| (%) | (£ million) | (%) | (£ million) | (%) | (£ million) | |
| UK pension plans | ||||||
| Equities | 7.9 | 109 | 7.9 | 128 | 7.5 | 125 |
| Bonds | 4.8 | 179 | 4.6 | 123 | 4.2 | 110 |
| Other | 7.9 | 16 | 7.9 | 18 | 7.5 | 15 |
| Total market value of assets | 304 | 269 | 250 | |||
| US pension plans | ||||||
| Equities | 9.5 | 39 | 9.5 | 34 | 9.6 | 38 |
| Fixed income | 5.5 | 26 | 5.5 | 22 | 5.5 | 24 |
| Total market value of assets | 65 | 56 | 62 |
The expected rate of return on assets has been determined following advice from the plans independent actuaries and is based on the expected return on each asset class together with consideration of the long-term asset strategy.
History of experience gains and losses:
| UK pension plans | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | ||||||||||
| Fair value of plan assets | 304 | 269 | 250 | 470 | 353 | |||||
| Present value of benefit obligations | (297 | ) | (298 | ) | (274 | ) | (600 | ) | (477 | ) |
| Surplus/(deficit) in the plans | 7 | (29 | ) | (24 | ) | (130 | ) | (124 | ) | |
| Experience adjustments arising on plan liabilities | 15 | (12 | ) | (67 | ) | (60 | ) | |||
| Experience adjustments arising on plan assets | (3 | ) | 7 | 47 | 14 |
| US pension plans | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | ||||||||||
| Fair value of plan assets | 65 | 56 | 62 | 56 | 48 | |||||
| Present value of benefit obligations | (87 | ) | (89 | ) | (103 | ) | (88 | ) | (91 | ) |
| Deficit in the plans | (22 | ) | (33 | ) | (41 | ) | (32 | ) | (43 | ) |
| Experience adjustments arising on plan liabilities | | | (3 | ) | (5 | ) | ||||
| Experience adjustments arising on plan assets | | 2 | (1 | ) | 1 |
| US post-employment benefits | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | ||||||||||
| Present value of benefit obligations | (10 | ) | (9 | ) | (11 | ) | (11 | ) | (11 | ) |
| Experience adjustments arising on plan liabilities | | 1 | 1 | (1 | ) |
The cumulative amount of actuarial gains and losses recognized since January 1, 2004 in the consolidated statement of recognized income and expense is £64 million (2006 £76 million, 2005 £74 million). The Company is unable to determine how much of the pension scheme deficit recognized on transition to IFRS of £178 million and taken directly to total equity is attributable to actuarial gains and losses since inception of the schemes. Therefore, the Company is unable to determine the amount of actuarial gains and losses that would have been recognized in the consolidated statement of recognized income and expense before January 1, 2004.
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Policy on remuneration of Executive Directors and senior executives
The following policy has applied throughout the year and, except where stated, will apply in future years, subject to regular review.
Total level of remuneration
The Remuneration Committee aims to ensure that overall remuneration is offered which:
| | attracts high-quality executives in an environment where
compensation levels are based on global market practice; |
| --- | --- |
| | provides appropriate retention strength against loss of key
executives; |
| | drives aligned focus and attention to key business initiatives
and appropriately rewards their achievement; |
| | supports equitable treatment between members of the same
executive team; and |
| | facilitates global assignments and relocation. |
The Remuneration Committee is aware that, as the Companys primary listing is on the London Stock Exchange, IHGs incentive arrangements may be expected to recognize UK investor guidelines. However, given the global nature of the Hotels business, an appropriate balance needs to be drawn in the design of relevant remuneration between domestic and international expectations.
Key developments
During 2007, the Remuneration Committee undertook a major review of the executive remuneration structure. The purpose of the review was to ensure that executive remuneration arrangements are simple, relevant to participants and easily understood.
The review resulted in two main amendments to the executive incentives:
| | restructuring of the Short Term Incentive Plan and the Short
Term Deferred Incentive Plan into a single plan, renamed the
Annual Bonus Plan; and |
| --- | --- |
| | a change to the Total Shareholder Return (TSR)
performance measure linked to the Performance Restricted Share
Plan, which has been renamed the Long Term Incentive Plan. |
Further details of the changes are included in the relevant sections below.
The Remuneration Committee believes that the changes will enhance the effectiveness of the arrangements in support of the aims of attracting, retaining, and motivating high-quality executives in the highly competitive global environment in which the Company operates. The greater simplification introduced will make overall reward more transparent and motivational to executives. The changes to the performance measures are intended to generate a more robust alignment between reward and performance.
The main components
The components of overall reward place a strong emphasis on performance-related reward. The individual elements are designed to provide the appropriate balance between fixed remuneration and variable risk reward, which is linked to the performance of both the Company and the individual. Company performance-related measures are chosen carefully to ensure a strong link between reward and true underlying financial performance, and emphasis is placed on particular areas requiring executive focus.
The normal policy for all Executive Directors is that, using target or expected value calculations, their performance-related incentives will equate to approximately 70% of total annual remuneration (excluding pensions & benefits).
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The main components of remuneration are as follows:
Base salary and benefits The salary for each Executive Director is reviewed annualy and based on both individual performance and on the most recent relevant market information provided from independent professional sources on comparable salary levels. Internal relativities and salary levels in the wider employment market are also taken into account. Base salary is the only element of remuneration which is pensionable.
In addition, benefits are provided to Executive Directors in accordance with the policy applying to other executives in their geographic location.
In assessing levels of pay and benefits, IHG analyzes those offered by different groups of comparator companies. These groups are chosen having regard to participants:
| | size turnover, profits and the number of people
employed; |
| --- | --- |
| | diversity and complexity of businesses; |
| | geographical spread of businesses; and |
| | relevance to the hotel industry. |
Annual Bonus During 2007, and in previous years, the annual performance bonus consisted of two elements, the Short Term Incentive Plan (STI) and the Short Term Deferred Incentive Plan (STDIP). Both elements require the achievement of challenging performance goals before target bonus is payable.
Any bonus for 2007 earned under the STI arrangement is payable in cash in 2008, based on individual performance relative to personal objectives and leadership competencies.
100% of any bonus earned under the STDIP for 2007 is payable in 2008 in shares and deferred on a mandatory basis. Participants could also receive matching shares up to half of the total deferred amount. This matching award was taken into account when the Remuneration Committee decided the basic level of payment under the STDIP. Therefore, there is no separate performance test governing the vesting of matching awards. Such awards are, however, conditional on the Directors continued employment with the Company until the release date. The shares will normally be released at the end of the three years following deferral.
For awards to be made in respect of financial year 2008 onwards, the STI and STDIP will be combined, so that all Executive Directors will participate in the Annual Bonus Plan. Cash bonuses will no longer be payable under the STI. Existing powers within the STDIP, renamed the Annual Bonus Plan, will be used to pay both cash and share bonuses. The maximum bonus amount a participant can receive in any one year is 200% of salary. The target award level will be 115% of salary. Half of any bonus earned will be deferred in the form of shares for three years. Matching shares will no longer be awarded. The first cash and share awards will be made under the new arrangements in 2009, in respect of the 2008 financial year.
Awards under the Annual Bonus Plan will be linked to individual performance (30% of total award), Earnings Before Interest and Tax (EBIT) (50% of total award) and net annual rooms additions (20% of total award). Individual performance is measured by the achievement of specific Key Performance Objectives that are linked directly to the Companys strategic priorities, and an assessment of performance against leadership competencies and behaviours.
Under the financial measure (EBIT), threshold payout is 90% of target performance, with maximum payout at 110% of target. If performance under the financial measure in any year is below threshold, payouts on all other measures are reduced by half.
Long Term Incentive Plan The Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) was formerly called the Performance Restricted Share Plan. It allows Executive Directors and eligible employees to receive share awards, subject to the satisfaction of a performance condition, set by the Remuneration Committee, which is normally measured over a three-year period. Awards are normally made annualy and, other than in exceptional circumstances, will not exceed three times annual salary for Executive Directors.
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For the 2007/09 LTIP cycle, performance will be measured by reference to:
| | the increase in IHGs Total Shareholder Return
(TSR) over the performance period relative to eight*
identified comparator companies: Accor, Choice, Marriott Hotels,
Millennium & Copthorne, NH Hotels, Sol Melia, Starwood
Hotels and Wyndham Worldwide; and |
| --- | --- |
| | growth in adjusted Earnings Per Share (EPS) over the
period. |
In respect of TSR performance, 10% of the award will be released for the achievement of median performance and 50% of the award will be released for the achievement of first place only (previously first or second place). In respect of EPS performance, 10% of the award will be released if adjusted EPS growth is 10% per annum and 50% of the award will be released if adjusted EPS growth is 20% per annum or more.
Vesting between all stated points will continue to be on a straight-line basis. Awards under the LTIP lapse if the performance conditions are not met there is no retesting.
For the 2008/10 cycle, the performance measures for the LTIP will be as follows:
| | 50% of the award will be based on IHGs TSR relative to the
Dow Jones World Hotels Index. 10% of the award will be released
for the achievement of growth equal to the index and 50% of the
award will be released for the out-performance of the index by
8% per annum. Vesting between all stated points will continue to
be on a straight-line basis; and |
| --- | --- |
| | the other 50% of the award will depend on growth in adjusted EPS
over the period. 10% of the award will be released for threshold
performance and 50% of the award will be released for superior
performance. The Remuneration Committee reviews the EPS targets
each year and, at the time of this report, the target had not
yet been determined. It will be disclosed when awards are made
in due course. In setting the target, the Remuneration Committee
will take into account a range of factors, including IHGs
strategic plans, City analysts expectations for IHGs
performance and for the industry as a whole, the historical
performance of the industry and FTSE 100 market practice. |
Executive Share Options Since 2006, executive share options have not formed part of the Companys remuneration strategy. Details of prior share option grants are given in the table on page F-39.
For options granted in 2005, a performance condition has to be met before options can be exercised. The Companys adjusted EPS over a three-year period must increase by at least nine percentage points over the increase in the UK Retail Price Index (RPI) for the same period for one-third of the options granted to vest; 12 percentage points over the increase in RPI for the same period for two-thirds of the options granted to vest; and 15 percentage points over the increase in RPI for the same period for the full award to vest.
Share capital During 2007, no awards or grants over shares were made that would be dilutive of the Companys ordinary share capital. Current policy is to settle all awards or grants under any of the Companys share plans with shares purchased in the market, with the exception of a number of options granted before 2005, which are yet to be exercised and settled with the issue of new shares.
Share Ownership The Remuneration Committee believes that share ownership by Executive Directors and senior executives strengthens the link between the individuals personal interest and that of the shareholders.
The Executive Directors are expected to hold all shares earned (net of any share sales required to meet personal tax liabilities) from the Companys remuneration plans while the value of their holding is less than twice their base salary or three times in the case of the Chief Executive.
Policy on external appointments
The Company recognizes that its Directors may be invited to become Non-Executive Directors of other companies and that such duties can broaden experience and knowledge, and benefit the business. Executive Directors are, therefore, allowed to accept one Non-Executive appointment (not including positions where the
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Director is appointed as the Groups representative), subject to Board approval, as long as this is not likely to lead to a conflict of interest, and to retain the fees received.
Andrew Cosslett is Non-Executive Chairman of Duchy Originals Limited, for which he receives no remuneration.
Contracts of service
a) Policy
The Remuneration Committees policy is for Executive Directors to have rolling contracts with a notice period of 12 months. Andrew Cosslett, Stevan Porter and Richard Solomons have service agreements with a notice period of 12 months. All new appointments are intended to have 12-month notice periods. However, on occasion, to complete an external recruitment successfully, a longer initial period reducing to 12 months may be used, following guidance in the Combined Code.
No provisions for compensation for termination following change of control, or for liquidated damages of any kind, are included in the current Directors contracts. In the event of any early termination of an Executive Directors contract, the policy is to seek to minimise any liability.
Non-Executive Directors have letters of appointment. David Websters appointment as Non-Executive Chairman, effective from January 1, 2004, is subject to six months notice. The dates of appointment of the other Non-Executive Directors are set out on page 58. All Directors appointments and subsequent reappointments are subject to election and re-election by shareholders.
b) Directors contracts
| Contract (1) | Unexpired term/ | |
|---|---|---|
| Director | effective date | notice period |
| Andrew Cosslett | 02.03.05 | 12 months |
| Richard | ||
| Hartman (2) | 04.15.03 | N/A |
| Stevan Porter | 04.15.03 | 12 months |
| Richard Solomons | 04.15.03 | 12 months |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
| (1) | Each of the Executive Directors
signed a letter of appointment, effective from completion of the
June 2005 capital reorganization of the Company on the same
terms as their original service agreements. |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | Richard Hartman retired in
September 2007, at which point his rolling contract with
12 months notice expired. |
Policy regarding pensions
Andrew Cosslett, Richard Solomons and other senior UK-based employees participate on the same basis in the executive section of the registered InterContinental Hotels UK Pension Plan and, if appropriate, the InterContinental Executive Top-Up Scheme. The latter is an unfunded arrangement, but with appropriate security provided via a fixed charge on a hotel asset. As an alternative to these arrangements, a cash allowance may be taken.
Stevan Porter and senior US-based executives participate in US retirement benefits plans.
With effect from January 30, 2006, Richard Hartman ceased to be an active member of the InterContinental Hotels UK Pension Plan and InterContinental Executive Top-Up Scheme, and from that date up to his retirement on September 25, 2007, he participated in the InterContinental Hotels Group International Savings and Retirement Plan.
Executives in other countries participate in these plans or local plans.
Policy on remuneration of Non-Executive Directors
Non-Executive Directors are paid a fee which is approved by the Board on the recommendation of the Executive Directors, having taken account of the fees paid in other companies of a similar complexity, and the skills and experience of the individual. Higher fees are payable to the Chairman of the Remuneration Committee and to
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the Senior Independent Director, who chairs the Audit Committee, reflecting the additional responsibilities of these roles.
Non-Executive Directors fee levels were last established by the Board on January 1, 2007. Having taken into account the global nature, scale and complexity of the Companys business, and current competitive fee levels, the following annual fee rates apply:
| Role | |
|---|---|
| Chairman | £390,000 |
| Senior Independent Director & Chairman of Audit Committee | £95,000 |
| Chairman of Remuneration Committee | £80,000 |
| Other Non-Executive Directors | £60,000 |
Directors emoluments
| Base salaries | Performance | Jan 1, 2007 to | Jan 1, 2006 to | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| and fees | payments (1) | Benefits (2) | Dec 31, 2007 | Dec 31, 2006 | |
| (£ thousands) | |||||
| Executive Directors | |||||
| Andrew Cosslett | 732 | 519 | 25 | 1,276 | 1,268 |
| Richard | |||||
| Hartman (3) | 398 | 201 | 247 | 846 | 1,005 |
| Stevan | |||||
| Porter (4) | 416 | 253 | 8 | 677 | 726 |
| Richard Solomons | 468 | 285 | 18 | 771 | 806 |
| Non-Executive Directors | |||||
| David Webster | 390 | | 2 | 392 | 354 |
| David Kappler | 95 | | | 95 | 80 |
| Ralph | |||||
| Kugler (5) | 60 | | | 60 | 50 |
| Jennifer Laing | 60 | | | 60 | 50 |
| Robert C Larson | 60 | | | 60 | 50 |
| Jonathan Linen | 60 | | | 60 | 50 |
| Sir David Prosser | 80 | | | 80 | 65 |
| Sir Howard | |||||
| Stringer (6) | | | | | 43 |
| Ying | |||||
| Yeh (7) | 5 | | | 5 | |
| Former | |||||
| Directors (8) | | | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Total | 2,824 | 1,258 | 301 | 4,383 | 4,548 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
| (1) | Performance payments include bonus
awards in cash in respect of participation in the Short Term
Incentive Plan (STI) and the Short Term Deferred
Incentive Plan (STDIP) but exclude bonus awards in
deferred shares and any matching shares, details of which are
set out in the STDIP table on page F-36. |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | Benefits incorporate all tax
assessable benefits arising from the individuals
employment. For Messrs Cosslett, Hartman and Solomons, this
relates in the main to the provision of a fully expensed company
car and private healthcare cover. In addition, Mr Hartman
received housing, child education and other expatriate benefits.
For Stevan Porter, benefits relate in the main to private
healthcare cover and financial counselling. |
| (3) | Richard Hartman retired as a
Director on September 25, 2007. |
| (4) | Emoluments for Stevan Porter
include £79,051 that was chargeable to UK income tax. |
| (5) | All fees due to Ralph Kugler were
paid to Unilever. |
| (6) | Sir Howard Stringer resigned as a
Director on November 10, 2006. |
| (7) | Ying Yeh was appointed as a
Director on December 1, 2007. |
| (8) | Sir Ian Prosser retired as a
Director on December 31, 2003. However, he had an ongoing
healthcare benefit of £1,150 during the year. |
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Long-term reward
Short Term Deferred Incentive Plan (STDIP) now called the Annual Bonus Plan
Messrs Cosslett, Hartman, Porter and Solomons participated in the STDIP during the year ended December 31, 2007, and received an award on February 25, 2008. Directors pre-tax interests during the year were:
| based on | |||||||||||||
| STDIP shares | STDIP shares | share | |||||||||||
| awarded | Market | vested | Market | STDIP | price of | ||||||||
| during | price | during | price | shares | 884.0 pence | ||||||||
| STDIP shares | the year | per share | the year | per share | Value | held at | Planned | at Dec 31, | |||||
| held at | Jan 1, 2007 | Award | at award | Jan 1, 2007 to | Vesting | at vesting | at vesting | Dec 31, | vesting | 2007 | |||
| Directors | Jan 1, 2007 | to Dec 31, 2007 | date | (pence) | Dec 31, 2007 | date | (pence) | (£) | 2007 | date | (£) | ||
| Andrew Cosslett | 39,916 (1 | ) | 4.1.05 | 617.5 | 39,916 | 4.1.07 | 1260.0 | 502,942 | | ||||
| 32,168 (3 | ) | 3.8.06 | 853.67 | 32,168 | 3.8.07 | 1239.6 | 398,755 | | |||||
| 32,167 (3 | ),(8) | 3.8.06 | 853.67 | 28,877 | 3.8.08 | 255,273 | |||||||
| 32,168 (3 | ),(8) | 3.8.06 | 853.67 | 28,878 | 3.8.09 | 255,282 | |||||||
| 62,575 (4 | ),(8),(9) | 2.26.07 | 1235 | 55,870 | 2.26.10 | 493,891 | |||||||
| Total | 113,625 | 1,004,446 | |||||||||||
| Richard Hartman | 29,447 (2 | ) | 3.16.05 | 653.67 | 29,447 | 3.16.07 | 1210.5 | 356,456 | | ||||
| 29,447 (2 | ) | 3.16.05 | 653.67 | 29,447 | 3.16.08 | 260,312 | |||||||
| 19,714 (3 | ) | 3.8.06 | 853.67 | 19,714 | 3.8.07 | 1239.6 | 244,375 | | |||||
| 19,714 (3 | ),(8) | 3.8.06 | 853.67 | 17,698 | 3.8.08 | 156,451 | |||||||
| 19,713 (3 | ),(8) | 3.8.06 | 853.67 | 17,696 | 3.8.09 | 156,433 | |||||||
| 51,281 (5 | ),(9) | 2.26.07 | 1235 | 51,281 | 2.26.10 | 453,325 | |||||||
| Total | 116,122 | 1,026,521 | |||||||||||
| Stevan Porter | 26,978 (2 | ) | 3.16.05 | 653.67 | 26,978 | 3.16.07 | 1210.5 | 326,569 (10 | ) | | |||
| 26,978 (2 | ) | 3.16.05 | 653.67 | 26,978 | 3.16.08 | 238,486 | |||||||
| 20,643 (3 | ) | 3.8.06 | 853.67 | 20,643 | 3.8.07 | 1239.6 | 255,891 (10 | ) | | ||||
| 20,642 (3 | ),(8) | 3.8.06 | 853.67 | 18,531 | 3.8.08 | 163,815 | |||||||
| 20,642 (3 | ),(8) | 3.8.06 | 853.67 | 18,530 | 3.8.09 | 163,806 | |||||||
| 33,352 (6 | ),(8),(9) | 2.26.07 | 1235 | 29,778 | 2.26.10 | 263,238 | |||||||
| Total | 93,817 | 829,345 | |||||||||||
| Richard Solomons | 29,020 (2 | ) | 3.16.05 | 653.67 | 29,020 | 3.16.07 | 1210.5 | 351,287 | | ||||
| 29,021 (2 | ) | 3.16.05 | 653.67 | 29,021 | 3.16.08 | 256,546 | |||||||
| 20,563 (3 | ) | 3.8.06 | 853.67 | 20,563 | 3.8.07 | 1239.6 | 254,899 | | |||||
| 20,562 (3 | ),(8) | 3.8.06 | 853.67 | 18,459 | 3.8.08 | 163,178 | |||||||
| 20,563 (3 | ),(8) | 3.8.06 | 853.67 | 18,459 | 3.8.09 | 163,178 | |||||||
| 40,048 (7 | ),(8),(9) | 2.26.07 | 1235 | 35,757 | 2.26.10 | 316,092 | |||||||
| Total | 101,696 | 898,994 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
| (1) | This special award was made to
Andrew Cosslett as part of his overall recruitment terms. The
shares were to vest in equal portions on the first and second
anniversary of the award date, subject to his continued
employment until that time. The second half of the award vested
on April 1, 2007. |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | This award was based on financial
year 2004 performance where the performance measures were
related to earnings per share (EPS), earnings before
interest and tax (EBIT) and personal performance.
Total shares held include matching shares. |
| (3) | This award was based on financial
year 2005 performance where the performance measures were
related to EPS, EBIT and personal performance. Total shares held
include matching shares. |
| (4) | This award was based on financial
year 2006 performance and the bonus target was 50% of base
salary. Andrew Cosslett was awarded 50% for EPS performance and
42% for Group EBIT performance. Andrew Cossletts total
bonus was therefore 92% of his base salary. One matching share
was awarded for every two bonus shares earned. |
| (5) | This award was based on financial
year 2006 performance and the bonus target was 50% of base
salary. Richard Hartman was awarded 50% for EPS performance and
34.3% for EMEA EBIT performance. Richard Hartmans total
bonus was therefore 84.3% of his base salary. One matching share
was awarded for every two bonus shares earned. |
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| (6) | This award was based on financial
year 2006 performance and the bonus target was 50% of base
salary. Stevan Porter was awarded 50% for EPS performance and
33.8% for Americas EBIT performance. Stevan Porters total
bonus was therefore 83.8% of his base salary. One matching share
was awarded for every two bonus shares earned. |
| --- | --- |
| (7) | This award was based on financial
year 2006 performance and the bonus target was 50% of base
salary. Richard Solomons was awarded 50% for EPS performance and
42% for Group EBIT performance. Richard Solomons total
bonus was therefore 92% of his base salary. One matching share
was awarded for every two bonus shares earned. |
| (8) | A proportion of these share
interests were in InterContinental Hotels Group PLC
11 3 / 7 pence
ordinary shares which were subject to the share consolidation
effective from June 4, 2007. For every 56 existing
InterContinental Hotels Group PLC shares held on June 1,
2007, shareholders received 47 new ordinary shares of 13 29 / 47 pence
each and a special dividend of 200 pence per existing
ordinary share. As a consequence, shares held at
December 31, 2007 have been reduced accordingly. |
| (9) | Under the financial year 2006
STDIP, paid in 2007, 80% of the bonus award was paid in shares
and deferred for a full three-year period. Participants could
also defer the remaining 20% of bonus on the same terms. |
(10) The value of Stevan Porters shares at vesting includes £67,953 that was chargeable to UK income tax.
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Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) previously called the Performance Restricted Share Plan
In 2007, there were three cycles in operation and one cycle which vested.
The awards made in respect of cycles ending on December 31, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 and the maximum pre-tax number of ordinary shares due if performance targets are achieved in full are set out in the table below. In respect of the cycle ending on December 31, 2007, the Company finished in fourth place in the TSR group and achieved a relative cumulative annual rooms growth (CAGR) of 3.1%. Accordingly, 55.3% of the award vested on February 20, 2008.
| Maximum | LTIP shares | value | value | ||||||||||||
| LTIP shares | vested | based on | based on | ||||||||||||
| awarded | during | share | share | ||||||||||||
| during | Market | the year | Market | Maximum | price of | price of | |||||||||
| Maximum | the year | price | Jan 1, 2007 | price | Actual/ | LTIP shares | 884.0 pence | 884.0 pence | |||||||
| LTIP shares | Jan 1, 2007 | per share | to | per share | Value | planned | held at | at Dec 31, | at Dec 31, | ||||||
| held at | to Dec 31, | Award | at award | Dec 31, | at vesting | at vesting | vesting | Dec 31, | 2007 | 2007 | |||||
| Directors | Jan 1, 2007 | 2007 | date | (pence) | 2007 | (pence) | (£) | date | 2007 | (£) | (£) | ||||
| Andrew Cosslett | 136,432 (1 | ) | 4.1.05 | 617.5 | 85,133 | 1249 | 1,063,311 | 2.21.07 | | ||||||
| 276,200 (2 | ) | 6.29.05 | 706 | | 2.20.08 | 276,200 | 2,441,608 | 1,350,010 (8 | ) | ||||||
| 200,740 (3 | ) | 4.3.06 | 941.5 | | 2.18.09 | 200,740 | 1,774,542 | ||||||||
| 159,506 (4 | ) | 4.2.07 | 1256 | | 2.17.10 | 159,506 | 1,410,034 | ||||||||
| Total | 636,446 | 5,626,184 | |||||||||||||
| Richard Hartman | 165,130 (1 | ) | 6.24.04 | 549.5 | 103,041 | 1249 | 1,286,982 | 2.21.07 | | ||||||
| 214,870 (2 | ) | 6.29.05 | 706 | | 2.20.08 | 196,964 (5 | ) | 1,741,162 | 962,863 (8 | ) | |||||
| 146,110 (3 | ) | 4.3.06 | 941.5 | | 2.18.09 | 85,230 (5 | ) | 753,434 | |||||||
| 113,731 (4 | ) | 4.2.07 | 1256 | | 2.17.10 | 28,432 (5 | ) | 251,339 | |||||||
| Total | 310,626 | 2,745,935 | |||||||||||||
| Stevan Porter | 142,290 (1 | ) | 6.24.04 | 549.5 | 88,788 | 1249 | 1,108,962 (6 | ) | 2.21.07 | | |||||
| 174,900 (2 | ) | 6.29.05 | 706 | | 2.20.08 | 174,900 | 1,546,116 | 855,003 (8 | ) | ||||||
| 132,240 (3 | ) | 4.3.06 | 941.5 | | 2.18.09 | 132,240 | 1,169,002 | ||||||||
| 92,667 (4 | ) | 4.2.07 | 1256 | | 2.17.10 | 92,667 | 819,177 | ||||||||
| Total | 399,807 | 3,534,295 | |||||||||||||
| Richard Solomons | 144,990 (1 | ) | 6.24.04 | 549.5 | 90,473 | 1249 | 1,130,008 | 2.21.07 | | ||||||
| 176,550 (2 | ) | 6.29.05 | 706 | | 2.20.08 | 176,550 | 1,560,702 | 863,069 (8 | ) | ||||||
| 128,470 (3 | ) | 4.3.06 | 941.5 | | 2.18.09 | 128,470 | 1,135,675 | ||||||||
| 102,109 (4 | ) | 4.2.07 | 1256 | | 2.17.10 | 102,109 | 902,644 | ||||||||
| Total | 407,129 | 3,599,021 | |||||||||||||
| Former Directors | |||||||||||||||
| Richard North | 144,993 (1 | ),(7) | 6.24.04 | 549.5 | 90,475 | 1249 | 1,130,033 | 2.21.07 | | ||||||
| Total | |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
| (1) | This award was based on performance
to December 31, 2006 where the performance measure related
to both the Companys TSR against a group of eight other
comparator companies and growth in return on capital employed
(ROCE). The number of shares released was graded,
according to a) where the Company finished in the TSR
comparator group, with 50% of the award being released for first
or second position and 10% of the award being released for fifth
place; and b) growth in ROCE, with 50% of the award being
released for 141.6% growth and 10% of the award being released
for 70% growth. The Company finished in third place in the TSR
group and achieved ROCE growth of 98.2%. Accordingly, 62.4% of
the award vested on February 21, 2007. |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | This award is based on performance
to December 31, 2007 where the performance measure relates
to both the Companys TSR against a group of seven other
comparator companies and the cumulative annual growth rate
(CAGR) of rooms in the IHG system relative to a
group of five other comparator companies. The number of shares
released is graded, according to a) where the Company
finished in the TSR comparator group, with 50% of the award
being released for first or second position and 10% of the award
being released for median position; and b) relative CAGR
with 50% of the award being released for 3.4% (upper quartile)
CAGR and 10% of the award being released for 2.4% (median) CAGR. |
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| (3) | This award is based on performance
to December 31, 2008 where the performance measure relates
to both the Companys TSR against a group of eight other
comparator companies and the relative CAGR of rooms in the IHG
system. |
| --- | --- |
| (4) | This award is based on performance
to December 31, 2009 where the performance measure relates
to both the Companys TSR against a group of eight other
comparator companies and the compound annual growth rate in
earnings per share (EPS) over the performance period. |
| (5) | Richard Hartmans awards were
pro-rated to reflect his contractual service during the
applicable performance periods. |
| (6) | The value of Stevan Porters
shares at vesting includes £129,378 that was chargeable to
UK income tax. |
| (7) | Richard Norths award was
pro-rated to reflect his contractual service during the
applicable performance period. |
| (8) | The Company finished in fourth
place in the TSR group and achieved CAGR of 3.1%. Accordingly,
55.3% of the award vested on February 20, 2008. |
Share options
Between 2003 and 2005, grants of options were made under the IHG Executive Share Option Plan. No executive share options have been granted since 2005. In 2003, a grant of options was made under the IHG all-employee Sharesave Plan.
| Weighted | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ordinary shares under option | average | ||||||
| Granted | Lapsed | Exercised | Options | option | Option | ||
| Options held | during | during | during | held at | price | price | |
| Directors | at Jan 1, 2007 | the year | the year | the year | Dec 31, 2007 | (pence) | (pence) |
| Andrew Cosslett | 157,300 | ||||||
| B | 157,300 | 619.83 | |||||
| Total | 157,300 | | | | 157,300 | 619.83 | |
| Richard Hartman | 337,760 | ||||||
| 218,950 | 494.17 | ||||||
| B | 118,810 | 619.83 | |||||
| Total | 337,760 | | | 218,950 | 118,810 | 619.83 | |
| Stevan Porter | 321,630 | ||||||
| A | 225,260 | 494.17 | |||||
| B | 96,370 | 619.83 | |||||
| Total | 321,630 | | | | 321,630 | 531.82 | |
| Richard Solomons | 334,639 | ||||||
| A | 230,320 | 494.17 | |||||
| B | 100,550 | 619.83 | |||||
| C | 3,769 | 420.50 | |||||
| Total | 334,639 | | | | 334,639 | 531.10 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
| A | Where options are exercisable at
December 31, 2007. Executive share options granted in 2004
are exercisable up to April 2014. |
| --- | --- |
| B | Where options are not yet
exercisable at December 31, 2007. Executive share options
granted in 2005 are exercisable up to April 2015. The
performance condition relating to the 2005 grant of executive
share options is set out on page F-33. |
| C | Sharesave options granted in 2003.
These are exercisable between March and September 2009. |
Option prices range from 420.50 pence to 619.83 pence per IHG share. The closing market value share price on December 31, 2007 was 884.00 pence and the range during the year was 873.50 pence to 1413.00 pence per share.
No serving Director exercised options during the year; therefore there is no disclosable gain by Directors in aggregate for the year ended December 31, 2007 (2006 £6,662,750).
Richard Hartman was a Director until his retirement on September 25, 2007. He subsequently exercised options at an option price of 494.17 pence per share. The market value share price on exercise was 911.78 pence per share.
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Directors shareholdings
| InterContinental Hotels Group PLC | InterContinental Hotels Group PLC | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ordinary shares of | ||||
| 13 29 / 47 pence (2) | ordinary shares of | |||
| 11 3 / 7 pence (1) | ||||
| Executive Directors | ||||
| Andrew Cosslett | 133,101 | 42,063 | ||
| Stevan Porter | 168,162 | 114,446 | ||
| Richard Solomons | 156,810 | 104,247 | ||
| Non-Executive Directors | ||||
| David Kappler | 1,400 | 1,669 | ||
| Ralph Kugler | 1,169 | 572 | ||
| Jennifer Laing | 1,404 | 875 | ||
| Robert C Larson | 10,269 (3 | ) | 6,874 (3 | ) |
| Jonathan Linen | 7,343 (3 | ) | 8,750 (3 | ) |
| Sir David Prosser | 2,402 | 2,863 | ||
| David Webster | 31,938 | 31,975 | ||
| Ying Yeh | | |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
| (1) | These share interests were in
InterContinental Hotels Group PLC 11 3 / 7 pence ordinary shares prior to the share consolidation effective
from June 4, 2007. For every 56 existing InterContinental
Hotels Group PLC shares held on June 1, 2007, shareholders
received 47 new ordinary shares of 13 29 / 47 pence
each and 200 pence per existing ordinary share. |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | These shareholdings are all
beneficial interests and include shares held by Directors
spouses and other connected persons. None of the Directors has a
beneficial interest in the shares of any subsidiary. |
| (3) | Held in the form of American
Depositary Receipts. |
Directors pensions
The following information relates to the pension arrangements provided for Messrs Cosslett, Hartman and Solomons under the executive section of the InterContinental Hotels UK Pension Plan (the IC Plan) and the unfunded InterContinental Executive Top-Up Scheme (ICETUS).
The executive section of the IC Plan is a funded, registered, final salary, occupational pension scheme. The main features applicable to the Executive Directors are: a normal pension age of 60; pension accrual of 1 / 30 th of final pensionable salary for each year of pensionable service; life assurance cover of four times pensionable salary; pensions payable in the event of ill health; and spouses, partners and dependants pensions on death. When benefits would otherwise exceed a members lifetime allowance under the post-April 2006 pensions regime, these benefits are limited in the IC Plan, but the balance is provided instead by ICETUS.
Richard Hartman, who reached the IC Plan normal pension age of 60 on January 30, 2006, ceased to be an active member of the IC Plan and ICETUS with effect from that date, and, up to his retirement on September 25, 2007, instead participated in the InterContinental Hotels Group International Savings and Retirement Plan (IS&RP), which is a Jersey-based defined contribution plan to which the Company contributes.
Stevan Porter has retirement benefits provided via the 401(k) Retirement Plan for employees of Six Continents Hotels Inc. (401(k)) and the Six Continents Hotels Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan (DCP).
The 401(k) is a tax qualified plan providing benefits on a defined contribution basis, with the member and the relevant company both contributing. The DCP is a non-tax qualified plan, providing benefits on a defined contribution basis, with the member and the relevant company both contributing.
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Directors pension benefits
| Increase/ | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (decrease) in | ||||||||||||
| transfer value | Increase/ | Increase/ | ||||||||||
| Directors | Transfer value of | over the year, | (decrease) in | (decrease) | Accrued | |||||||
| contributions | accrued benefits | less Directors | accrued | in accrued | pension at | |||||||
| Age at | in the | |||||||||||
| year (1) | Jan 1, 2007 | Dec 31, 2007 | contributions | pension (2) | pension (3) | Dec 31, | ||||||
| 2007 (4) | ||||||||||||
| Directors | Dec 31, 2007 | (£) | (£) | (£) | (£) | (£ pa) | (£ pa) | (£ pa) | ||||
| Andrew Cosslett | 52 | 34,400 | 595,300 | 1,184,200 | 554,500 | 27,100 | 25,300 | 70,900 | ||||
| Richard Hartman | 61 | | 1,935,400 | 1,812,600 | (122,800 | ) | (19,300 | ) | (23,300 | ) | 75,400 (5 | ) |
| Richard Solomons | 46 | 22,000 | 1,470,500 | 2,371,600 | 879,100 | 24,900 | 18,700 | 168,700 |
| (1) | Contributions paid in the year by
the Directors under the terms of the plans. Contributions have
been 5% of full pensionable salary. |
| --- | --- |
| (2) | The absolute increase or decrease
in accrued pension during the year. |
| (3) | The increase or decrease in accrued
pension during the year, excluding any increase for inflation,
on the basis that increases or decreases to accrued pensions are
applied at October 1. |
| (4) | Accrued pension is that which would
be paid annualy on retirement at 60, based on service to
December 31, 2007. |
| (5) | When Richard Hartman retired on
September 25, 2007, his pension was £97,600 per annum
pre-commutation. He took a tax-free cash sum of £385,400,
leaving a residual pension of £75,400 per annum. |
The figures shown in the above table relate to the final salary plans only. For defined contribution plans, the contributions made by and in respect of Stevan Porter during the year are:
| DCP | 401(k) | DCP | 401(k) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£) | (£) | (£) | (£) | |
| Stevan Porter | 105,000 | 5,600 | 74,700 | 4,500 |
The Company contributions made in respect of Richard Hartman to the IS&RP during the year were £159,300. He made no contributions.
Note 4 Auditors Remuneration paid to Ernst & Young LLP
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | |||
| Audit fees | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
| Audit fees in respect of subsidiaries | 1.3 | 1.4 | 2.1 |
| Tax fees | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.6 |
| Fees in respect of reporting under Sarbanes Oxley Act | 0.6 | 1.0 | |
| Interim review fees | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Other services pursuant to legislation | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.8 |
| Corporate finance fees | | 0.1 | 1.8 |
| Other | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.7 |
| 4.6 | 5.2 | 7.2 |
Audit fees in respect of the pension scheme were not material.
The Audit Committee has a process to ensure that any non-audit services do not compromise the independence and objectivity of the external auditor and that relevant United Kingdom and United States professional and regulatory requirements are met. A number of criteria are applied when deciding whether pre-approval for such services should be given. These include the nature of the service, the level of fees, and the practicality of appointing an alternative provider, having regard to the skills and experience required to supply the service effectively. Cumulative fees for audit and non-audit services are presented to the Audit Committee on a quarterly basis for review. The Audit Committee is responsible for monitoring adherence to the pre-approval policy.
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Note 5 Exceptional Items
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | ||||||
| Continuing operations | ||||||
| Exceptional operating items | ||||||
| Gain on sale of associate investments* | 11 | | | |||
| Gain on sale of investments in FelCor Lodging Trust, Inc.* | | 25 | | |||
| Gain on sale of other financial assets* | 18 | | | |||
| Reversal of previously recorded impairment* | 3 | 2 | | |||
| Office | ||||||
| reorganizations (i) | (2 | ) | | | ||
| Restructuring | ||||||
| costs* (ii) | | | (13 | ) | ||
| Property | ||||||
| damage* (iii) | | | (9 | ) | ||
| Employee benefits curtailment | ||||||
| gain* (iv) | | | 7 | |||
| 30 | 27 | (15 | ) | |||
| Tax | ||||||
| Tax charge on exceptional operating items | | (6 | ) | | ||
| Exceptional tax | ||||||
| credit (v) | 30 | 100 | 8 | |||
| 30 | 94 | 8 | ||||
| 60 | 121 | (7 | ) | |||
| Discontinued operations | ||||||
| Exceptional operating items | ||||||
| Impairment of property, plant and | ||||||
| equipment (vi) | | | (7 | ) | ||
| Gain on disposal of assets | ||||||
| Gain on disposal of assets | 20 | 123 | 349 | |||
| Tax charge | (4 | ) | (6 | ) | (38 | ) |
| 16 | 117 | 311 | ||||
| 16 | 117 | 304 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
The above items are treated as exceptional by reason of their size or nature.
| (i) | Profit on sale and leaseback of new head office less costs
incurred to date on the office move and closure of the
Companys Aylesbury facility. Costs will continue to be
incurred during the first half of 2008. Costs of
£7 million are included in administrative expenses and
£1 million in depreciation and amortization. Income of
£6 million is included in other operating income and
expenses. |
| --- | --- |
| (ii) | Restructuring costs relate to the delivery of the further
restructuring of the Hotels business. |
| (iii) | Damage to properties resulting from fire and natural disasters. |
| (iv) | A curtailment gain arising as a result of the sale of UK hotel
properties. |
| (v) | The exceptional tax credit relates to the release of provisions
which are exceptional by reason of their size or nature relating
to tax matters which have been settled or in respect of which
the relevant statutory limitation period has expired, together
with, in 2006, a credit in respect of previously unrecognized
losses. |
| (vi) | Property, plant and equipment were written down by
£7 million in 2005 following an impairment review of
the hotel estate. |
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Note 6 Finance costs
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | |||
| Financial income | |||
| Interest income | 8 | 21 | 28 |
| Fair value gains | 1 | 5 | 2 |
| 9 | 26 | 30 | |
| Financial expenses | |||
| Interest expense Hotels | 45 | 33 | 51 |
| Interest expense Soft Drinks | | | 9 |
| Finance charge payable under finance leases | 9 | 4 | |
| 54 | 37 | 60 | |
| Fair value charge | | | 3 |
| 54 | 37 | 63 |
Interest income and expense relate to financial assets and liabilities held at amortized cost, calculated using the effective interest rate method.
Included within the Hotels interest expense is £10 million (2006 £10 million, 2005 £5 million) payable to the Companys loyalty program relating to interest on the accumulated balance of cash received in advance of the redemption of points awarded.
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Note 7 Tax
Income tax
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | ||||||
| UK corporation tax at 30% (2006 30%, 2005 30%): | ||||||
| Current period | 23 | 16 | 11 | |||
| Benefit of tax reliefs on which no deferred tax previously | ||||||
| recognized | (1 | ) | (10 | ) | | |
| Adjustments in respect of prior periods | (16 | ) | (4 | ) | (6 | ) |
| 6 | 2 | 5 | ||||
| Foreign tax: | ||||||
| Current period | 100 | 72 | 149 | |||
| Benefit of tax reliefs on which no deferred tax previously | ||||||
| recognized | (8 | ) | (1 | ) | (2 | ) |
| Adjustments in respect of prior periods | (50 | ) | (94 | ) | (19 | ) |
| 42 | (23 | ) | 128 | |||
| Total current tax | 48 | (21 | ) | 133 | ||
| Deferred tax: | ||||||
| Origination and reversal of temporary differences | (34 | ) | 27 | (3 | ) | |
| Changes in tax rates | (2 | ) | (4 | ) | (2 | ) |
| Adjustments to estimated recoverable deferred tax assets | 3 | (13 | ) | 1 | ||
| Adjustments in respect of prior periods | 4 | (24 | ) | (11 | ) | |
| Total deferred tax | (29 | ) | (14 | ) | (15 | ) |
| Total income tax charge/(credit) on profit for the year | 19 | (35 | ) | 118 | ||
| Further analyzed as tax relating to: | ||||||
| Profit before exceptional items | 45 | 53 | 88 | |||
| Exceptional items (Note 5): | ||||||
| Exceptional operating items | | 6 | | |||
| Exceptional tax | ||||||
| credit (i) | (30 | ) | (100 | ) | (8 | ) |
| Gain on disposal of assets | 4 | 6 | 38 | |||
| 19 | (35 | ) | 118 | |||
| The total tax charge/(credit) can be further analyzed as | ||||||
| relating to: | ||||||
| Profit on continuing operations | 12 | (53 | ) | 22 | ||
| Profit on discontinued operations | 3 | 12 | 58 | |||
| Gain on disposal of assets | 4 | 6 | 38 | |||
| 19 | (35 | ) | 118 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
(i) Represents the release of provisions which are exceptional by reason of their size or nature relating to tax matters which have been settled or in respect of which the relevant statutory limitation period has expired, together with, in 2006, a credit in respect of previously unrecognized losses.
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Reconciliation of tax charge/(credit) on total profit, including gain on disposal of assets
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (%) | ||||||
| UK corporation tax at standard rate | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | |||
| Permanent differences | 5.6 | 3.7 | 1.3 | |||
| Net effect of different rates of tax in overseas businesses | 1.8 | 3.5 | 2.9 | |||
| Effect of changes in tax rates | (1.0 | ) | (1.0 | ) | (0.3 | ) |
| Benefit of tax reliefs on which no deferred tax previously | ||||||
| recognized | (3.3 | ) | (3.0 | ) | (0.1 | ) |
| Effect of adjustments to estimated recoverable deferred tax | ||||||
| assets | 1.3 | (0.2 | ) | 0.1 | ||
| Adjustment to tax charge in respect of prior periods | (11.0 | ) | (6.9 | ) | (4.5 | ) |
| Other | 0.4 | 0.4 | (0.1 | ) | ||
| Exceptional items and gain on disposal of assets | (16.3 | ) | (36.1 | ) | (10.7 | ) |
| 7.5 | (9.6 | ) | 18.6 |
Tax paid
Total tax paid during the year of £69 million (2006 £49 million, 2005 £91 million) comprises £37 million (2006 £43 million, 2005 £80 million) in respect of operating activities and £32 million (2006 £6 million, 2005 £11 million) in respect of investing activities.
Note 8 Dividends paid and proposed
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (pence per share) | (£ million) | |||||
| Paid during the year: | ||||||
| Final (declared in previous year) | 13.3 | 10.7 | 10.0 | 47 | 46 | 61 |
| Interim | 5.7 | 5.1 | 4.6 | 17 | 18 | 20 |
| Special interim | 200.0 | 118.0 | | 709 | 497 | |
| 219.0 | 133.8 | 14.6 | 773 | 561 | 81 | |
| Proposed for approval at the Annual General Meeting (not | ||||||
| recognized as a liability at December 31): | ||||||
| Final | 14.9 | 13.3 | 10.7 | 44 | 47 | 46 |
The proposed final dividend is payable on the shares in issue at March 28, 2008.
Note 9 Earnings per ordinary share
Basic earnings per ordinary share is calculated by dividing the profit for the year available for IHG equity holders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares, excluding investment in own shares, in issue during the year.
Diluted earnings per ordinary share is calculated by adjusting basic earnings per ordinary share to reflect the notional exercise of the weighted average number of dilutive ordinary share options outstanding during the year.
On June 1, 2007, shareholders approved a share capital consolidation on the basis of 47 new ordinary shares for every 56 existing ordinary shares, together with a special dividend of 200 pence per existing ordinary share. The overall effect of the transaction was that of a share repurchase at fair value, therefore no adjustment has been made to comparative data.
Adjusted earnings per ordinary share is disclosed in order to show performance undistorted by exceptional items, to give a more meaningful comparison of the Companys performance.
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| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuing | Continuing | Continuing | ||||
| operations | Total | operations | Total | operations | Total | |
| Basic earnings per share | ||||||
| Profit available for equity holders (£ million) | 210 | 231 | 269 | 405 | 114 | 496 |
| Basic weighted average number of ordinary shares (millions) | 320 | 320 | 389 | 389 | 521 | 521 |
| Basic earnings per share (pence) | 65.6 | 72.2 | 69.1 | 104.1 | 21.9 | 95.2 |
| Diluted earnings per share | ||||||
| Profit available for equity holders (£ million) | 210 | 231 | 269 | 405 | 114 | 496 |
| Diluted weighted average number of ordinary shares (millions) | 329 | 329 | 399 | 399 | 533 | 533 |
| Diluted earnings per share (pence) | 63.8 | 70.2 | 67.4 | 101.5 | 21.4 | 93.1 |
| (millions) | |||
| Diluted weighted average of ordinary shares is calculated as: | |||
| Basic weighted average number of ordinary shares | 320 | 389 | 521 |
| Dilutive potential ordinary shares employee share | |||
| options | 9 | 10 | 12 |
| 329 | 399 | 533 |
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||||||||
| Continuing | Continuing | Continuing | ||||||||||
| operations | Total | operations | Total | operations | Total | |||||||
| Adjusted earnings per share | ||||||||||||
| Profit available for equity holders (£ million) | 210 | 231 | 269 | 405 | 114 | 496 | ||||||
| Less adjusting items (Note 5): | ||||||||||||
| Exceptional operating items (£ million) | (30 | ) | (30 | ) | (27 | ) | (27 | ) | 15 | 15 | ||
| Tax on exceptional operating items (£ million) | | | 6 | 6 | | | ||||||
| Exceptional tax credit (£ million) | (30 | ) | (30 | ) | (100 | ) | (100 | ) | (8 | ) | (8 | ) |
| Impairment of property, plant and equipment (£ million) | | | | | | 7 | ||||||
| Gain on disposal of assets, net of tax (£ million) | | (16 | ) | | (117 | ) | | (311 | ) | |||
| Adjusted earnings (£ million) | 150 | 155 | 148 | 167 | 121 | 199 | ||||||
| Basic weighted average number of ordinary shares (millions) | 320 | 320 | 389 | 389 | 521 | 521 | ||||||
| Adjusted earnings per share (pence) | 46.9 | 48.4 | 38.0 | 42.9 | 23.2 | 38.2 | ||||||
| Adjusted earnings (£ million) | 150 | 155 | 148 | 167 | 121 | 199 | ||||||
| Diluted weighted average number of ordinary shares (millions) | 329 | 329 | 399 | 399 | 533 | 533 | ||||||
| Adjusted diluted earnings per share (pence) | 45.6 | 47.1 | 37.1 | 41.8 | 22.7 | 37.3 |
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Note 10 Property, Plant and Equipment
| and | fittings and | |||||
| buildings | equipment | Total | ||||
| (£ million) | ||||||
| Year ended December 31, 2006 | ||||||
| Cost: | ||||||
| At January 1, 2006 | 1,155 | 615 | 1,770 | |||
| Additions | 104 | 82 | 186 | |||
| Transfers to non-current assets classified as held for sale | (363 | ) | (118 | ) | (481 | ) |
| Disposals | (2 | ) | (31 | ) | (33 | ) |
| Exchange and other adjustments | (73 | ) | (42 | ) | (115 | ) |
| At December 31, 2006 | 821 | 506 | 1,327 | |||
| Depreciation: | ||||||
| At January 1, 2006 | (101 | ) | (313 | ) | (414 | ) |
| Provided | (7 | ) | (41 | ) | (48 | ) |
| Transfers to non-current assets classified as held for sale | 17 | 55 | 72 | |||
| On disposals | 2 | 28 | 30 | |||
| Exchange and other adjustments | 7 | 23 | 30 | |||
| At December 31, 2006 | (82 | ) | (248 | ) | (330 | ) |
| Net book value at December 31, 2006 | 739 | 258 | 997 | |||
| Year ended December 31, 2007 | ||||||
| Cost: | ||||||
| At January 1, 2007 | 821 | 506 | 1,327 | |||
| Additions | 5 | 49 | 54 | |||
| Reclassifications | 15 | (20 | ) | (5 | ) | |
| Net transfers to non-current assets classified as held for sale | (38 | ) | (44 | ) | (82 | ) |
| Disposals | (7 | ) | (19 | ) | (26 | ) |
| Exchange and other adjustments | 3 | 3 | 6 | |||
| At December 31, 2007 | 799 | 475 | 1,274 | |||
| Depreciation: | ||||||
| At January 1, 2007 | (82 | ) | (248 | ) | (330 | ) |
| Provided | (6 | ) | (33 | ) | (39 | ) |
| Net transfers to non-current assets classified as held for sale | 17 | 15 | 32 | |||
| Reversal of impairment | | 3 | 3 | |||
| On disposals | 7 | 18 | 25 | |||
| Exchange and other adjustments | | (3 | ) | (3 | ) | |
| At December 31, 2007 | (64 | ) | (248 | ) | (312 | ) |
| Net book value at December 31, 2007 | 735 | 227 | 962 |
At December 31, 2007 a previously recorded impairment charge of £3 million was reversed following an impairment review of hotel assets based on current market conditions. No impairment charge, or subsequent reversal, was required at December 31, 2006.
The carrying value of land and buildings held under finance leases at December 31, 2007 was £104 million (2006 £93 million).
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Note 11 Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
Hotels
During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company sold three hotels (2006 32 hotels, 2005 112 hotels) and two associates (2006 nil, 2005 nil), continuing the asset disposal program commenced in 2003. An additional three hotels were classified as held for sale during the year, whilst one hotel previously classified as held for sale was reclassified as property, plant and equipment. At December 31, 2007, three hotels (2006 four hotels and two associates, 2005 26 hotels) were classified as held for sale.
At December 31, 2006, an impairment loss of £3 million was recognized on the remeasurement of a property that was classified as held for sale. The loss, which reduced the carrying amount of the asset to fair value less costs to sell, was recognized in the income statement in gain on disposal of assets. Fair value was determined by an independent property valuation. No impairment losses have been recognized at December 31, 2007.
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | ||||||
| Net assets of hotels sold | ||||||
| Property, plant and equipment | 35 | 648 | 1,961 | |||
| Goodwill | | | 20 | |||
| Net working capital | 1 | (22 | ) | 1 | ||
| Cash and cash equivalents | | 31 | 16 | |||
| Loans and other borrowings | | (10 | ) | | ||
| Deferred tax | | (117 | ) | (121 | ) | |
| Minority equity interest | (6 | ) | (13 | ) | | |
| Companys share of net assets disposed of | 30 | 517 | 1,877 | |||
| Consideration | ||||||
| Current year disposals: | ||||||
| Cash consideration, net of costs paid | 47 | 628 | 1,832 | |||
| Deferred consideration | | 10 | 40 | |||
| Management contract value | 3 | 30 | 82 | |||
| Other | | (14 | ) | (12 | ) | |
| 50 | 654 | 1,942 | ||||
| Net assets disposed of | (30 | ) | (517 | ) | (1,877 | ) |
| Provision against deferred consideration | | (10 | ) | | ||
| Other, including impairment of held for sale asset | | (4 | ) | | ||
| Tax | (4 | ) | (6 | ) | (38 | ) |
| Gain on disposal of assets, net of tax(i) | 16 | 117 | 27 | |||
| Net cash inflow | ||||||
| Current year disposals: | ||||||
| Cash consideration, net of costs paid | 47 | 628 | 1,832 | |||
| Cash disposed of | | (31 | ) | (16 | ) | |
| Prior year disposals | 2 | 23 | | |||
| 49 | 620 | 1,816 | ||||
| Assets and liabilities held for sale | ||||||
| Non-current assets classified as held for sale: | ||||||
| Property, plant and equipment | 57 | 40 | 279 | |||
| Associates | | 10 | | |||
| 57 | 50 | 279 | ||||
| Liabilities classified as held for sale: | ||||||
| Deferred tax | (3 | ) | (2 | ) | (34 | ) |
(i) Reported within discontinued operations.
Soft Drinks
During December 2005, the Company disposed of all of its interests in the Soft Drinks business with the initial public offering of Britvic plc.
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| December 31, | ||
| 2005 | ||
| (£ million) | ||
| Net liabilities of Soft Drinks on disposal | ||
| Property, plant and equipment | 234 | |
| Goodwill | 18 | |
| Software | 25 | |
| Inventories | 36 | |
| Trade and other receivables | 141 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 1 | |
| Current liabilities | (162 | ) |
| Borrowings | (341 | ) |
| Employee benefits | (91 | ) |
| Deferred tax | 8 | |
| Minority equity interest | 66 | |
| Companys share of net liabilities disposed of | (65 | ) |
| Consideration | ||
| Cash consideration, net of costs paid | 221 | |
| Other | (2 | ) |
| 219 | ||
| Net liabilities disposed of | 65 | |
| Gain on disposal of assets, net of tax | 284 | |
| Net cash inflow | ||
| Cash consideration, net of costs paid | 221 | |
| Cash disposed of | (1 | ) |
| 220 |
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | ||||||
| Cash flows attributable to discontinued operations | ||||||
| Hotels | ||||||
| Operating profit before interest, depreciation and amortization | 10 | 40 | 127 | |||
| Investing activities | (1 | ) | (9 | ) | (59 | ) |
| Financing activities | | (25 | ) | (16 | ) | |
| Soft Drinks | ||||||
| Operating profit before interest, depreciation and amortization | | | 115 | |||
| Investing activities | | | (47 | ) | ||
| Financing activities | | | 162 |
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| December 31, | ||||||
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||
| (£ million) | ||||||
| Results of discontinued operations | ||||||
| Revenue | 40 | 174 | 1,213 | |||
| Cost of sales | (30 | ) | (134 | ) | (897 | ) |
| Administrative expenses | | | (74 | ) | ||
| 10 | 40 | 242 | ||||
| Depreciation and amortization | (2 | ) | (9 | ) | (78 | ) |
| Operating profit before exceptional operating items | 8 | 31 | 164 | |||
| Exceptional operating items | | | (7 | ) | ||
| Operating profit | 8 | 31 | 157 | |||
| Financial expenses | | | (9 | ) | ||
| Profit before tax | 8 | 31 | 148 | |||
| Tax | (3 | ) | (12 | ) | (58 | ) |
| Profit after tax | 5 | 19 | 90 | |||
| Gain on disposal of assets, net of tax (Note 5) | 16 | 117 | 311 | |||
| Profit for the year from discontinued operations | 21 | 136 | 401 | |||
| Attributable to: | ||||||
| Equity holders of the parent | 21 | 136 | 382 | |||
| Minority equity interest | | | 19 | |||
| 21 | 136 | 401 |
| Pence | Pence | Pence | |
|---|---|---|---|
| per share | per share | per share | |
| Earnings per share from discontinued operations | |||
| Basic | 6.6 | 35.0 | 73.3 |
| Diluted | 6.4 | 34.1 | 71.7 |
The effect of discontinued operations on segmental results is shown in Note 2.
Note 12 Goodwill
| 2007 | 2006 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | |||
| At January 1 | 109 | 118 | |
| Acquisition of subsidiary (Note 31) | | 2 | |
| Exchange and other adjustments | 1 | (11 | ) |
| At December 31 | 110 | 109 |
Goodwill arising on business combinations that occurred before January 1, 2005 was not restated on adoption of IFRS as permitted by IFRS 1.
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Goodwill has been allocated to cash-generating units (CGUs) for impairment testing as follows:
| 2007 | 2006 | |
|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | ||
| Americas managed operations | 70 | 72 |
| Asia Pacific managed and franchised operations | 40 | 37 |
| 110 | 109 |
The Company tests goodwill for impairment annualy, or more frequently if there are any indications that an impairment may have arisen. The recoverable amounts of the CGUs are determined from value in use calculations. The key assumptions for the value in use calculations are those regarding discount rates and growth rates. Management estimates discount rates using pre-tax rates that reflect current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the CGUs. Growth rates are based on management expectations and industry growth forecasts. The growth rates used to determine cash flows beyond five years do not exceed the average long-term growth rate for the relevant markets.
Americas managed operations
The Company prepares cash flow forecasts derived from the most recent financial budgets approved by management for the next year and extrapolates cash flows for the following four years based on an estimated growth rate of 4.0% (2006 4.0%, 2005 4.0%). After this period, the terminal value of future cash flows is calculated based on a perpetual growth rate of approximately 2.7% (2006 3.0%, 2005 3.0%). The rate used to discount the forecast cash flows is 10.0% (2006 10.5%, 2005 10.5%).
Asia Pacific managed and franchised operations
The Company prepares cash flow forecasts derived from the most recent financial budgets approved by management for the next year and extrapolates cash flows for the following four years based on an estimated growth rate of 15.0% (2006 15.0%, 2005 15.0%). After this period, the terminal value of future cash flows is calculated based on a perpetual growth rate of approximately 4.0% (2006 4.0%, 2005 4.0%). The rate used to discount the forecast cash flows is 11.0% (2006 11.0%, 2005 11.0%).
With regard to the assessment of value in use, management believe that the carrying values of the CGUs would only exceed their recoverable amounts in the event of highly unlikely changes in the key assumptions.
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Note 13 Intangible assets
| Software | contracts | intangibles | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | ||||||||
| Year ended December 31, 2006 | ||||||||
| Cost: | ||||||||
| At January 1, 2006 | 38 | 84 | 28 | 150 | ||||
| Additions | 10 | 30 | 13 | 53 | ||||
| Acquisition of subsidiary (note 31) | 1 | 7 | | 8 | ||||
| Disposals | | | (2 | ) | (2 | ) | ||
| Exchange and other adjustments | (6 | ) | (4 | ) | (3 | ) | (13 | ) |
| At December 31, 2006 | 43 | 117 | 36 | 196 | ||||
| Amortization: | ||||||||
| At January 1, 2006 | (17 | ) | (3 | ) | (10 | ) | (30 | ) |
| Provided | (9 | ) | (4 | ) | (3 | ) | (16 | ) |
| Exchange and other adjustments | 3 | | 1 | 4 | ||||
| At December 31, 2006 | (23 | ) | (7 | ) | (12 | ) | (42 | ) |
| Net book value at December 31, 2006 | 20 | 110 | 24 | 154 | ||||
| Year ended December 31, 2007 | ||||||||
| Cost: | ||||||||
| At January 1, 2007 | 43 | 117 | 36 | 196 | ||||
| Additions | 13 | 5 | 7 | 25 | ||||
| Reclassifications | 5 | | | 5 | ||||
| Disposals | | | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | ||
| Exchange and other adjustments | (1 | ) | 2 | | 1 | |||
| At December 31, 2007 | 60 | 124 | 42 | 226 | ||||
| Amortization: | ||||||||
| At January 1, 2007 | (23 | ) | (7 | ) | (12 | ) | (42 | ) |
| Provided | (9 | ) | (6 | ) | (4 | ) | (19 | ) |
| Disposals | | | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Exchange and other adjustments | 1 | | | 1 | ||||
| At December 31, 2007 | (31 | ) | (13 | ) | (15 | ) | (59 | ) |
| Net book value at December 31, 2007 | 29 | 111 | 27 | 167 |
The weighted average remaining amortization period for management contracts is 24 years (2006 24 years).
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Note 14 Investments in associates
The Company holds seven investments (2006 six) accounted for as associates. The following table summarizes the financial information of the associates.
| December 31, | December 31, | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 2006 | |||
| (£ million) | ||||
| Share of associates balance sheet | ||||
| Current assets | 3 | 2 | ||
| Non-current assets | 52 | 50 | ||
| Current liabilities | (8 | ) | (5 | ) |
| Non-current liabilities | (14 | ) | (15 | ) |
| Net assets | 33 | 32 | ||
| Share of associates revenue and profit | ||||
| Revenue | 16 | 22 | ||
| Net profit | 1 | 2 | ||
| Related party transactions | ||||
| Revenue from related parties | 3 | 4 | ||
| Amounts owed by related parties | 1 | 1 |
Note 15 Other Financial Assets
| December 31, | December 31, | |
|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 2006 | |
| (£ million) | ||
| Non-current | ||
| Equity securities available-for-sale | 46 | 48 |
| Other | 47 | 48 |
| 93 | 96 | |
| Current | ||
| Equity securities available-for-sale | | 9 |
| Derivatives | | 4 |
| Other | 9 | |
| 9 | 13 |
Available-for-sale financial assets, which are held on the balance sheet at fair value, consist of equity investments in listed and unlisted shares. Of the total amount of equity investments at December 31, 2007, £2 million (2006 £nil) were listed securities and £44 million (2006 £57 million) unlisted; £28 million (2006 £27 million) were denominated in US dollars, £8 million (2006 £11 million) in Hong Kong dollars and £10 million (2006 £19 million) in other currencies. Unlisted equity shares are mainly investments in entities that own hotels which the Company manages. The fair value of unlisted equity shares has been estimated using valuation guidelines issued by the British Venture Capital Association and is based on assumptions regarding expected future earnings. Listed equity share valuation is based on observable market prices. Dividend income from available-for-sale equity securities of £8 million (2006 £4 million) is reported as other operating income and expenses in the consolidated income statement.
Other financial assets consist of trade deposits, restricted cash and deferred consideration on asset disposals. These amounts have been designated as loans and receivables and are held at amortized cost. Restricted cash of £27 million (2006 £25 million) relates to cash held in bank accounts which is pledged as collateral to insurance companies for risks retained by the Company.
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Derivatives, including those within trade and other payables, are held on the balance sheet at fair value. Fair value is estimated using discounted future cash flows taking into consideration interest and exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date.
The movement in the provision for impairment of other financial assets during the year is as follows:
| December 31, | December 31, | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 2006 | |||
| (£ million) | ||||
| At January 1, | (21 | ) | (16 | ) |
| Provided and charged to gain on disposal of assets | | (10 | ) | |
| Recoveries | 2 | 3 | ||
| Disposals | 3 | | ||
| Amounts written off against the financial asset | 12 | 1 | ||
| Exchange and other adjustments | | 1 | ||
| At December 31, | (4 | ) | (21 | ) |
The provision is used to record impairment losses unless the Company is satisfied that no recovery of the amount is possible; at that point the amount considered irrecoverable is written off against the financial asset directly with no impact on the income statement.
Note 16 Inventories
| December 31, | December 31, | |
|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 2006 | |
| (£ million) | ||
| Finished goods | 1 | 1 |
| Consumable stores | 2 | 2 |
| 3 | 3 |
Note 17 Trade and other receivables
| December 31, | December 31, | |
|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 2006 | |
| (£ million) | ||
| Trade receivables | 180 | 163 |
| Other receivables | 29 | 51 |
| Prepayments | 26 | 23 |
| 235 | 237 |
Trade and other receivables are designated as loans and receivables and are held at amortized cost.
Trade receivables are non-interest bearing and are generally on payment terms of up to 30 days. The fair value of trade and other receivables approximates their carrying value.
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The maximum exposure to credit risk for trade and other receivables, excluding prepayments, at the balance sheet date by geographic region is:
| December 31, | December 31, | |
|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 2006 | |
| (£ million) | ||
| Americas | 115 | 105 |
| Europe, the Middle East and Africa | 70 | 78 |
| Asia Pacific | 24 | 31 |
| 209 | 214 |
The aging of trade and other receivables, excluding prepayments, at the balance sheet date is:
| Gross | Provision | Net | Gross | Provision | Net | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | ||||||||
| Not past due | 141 | (1 | ) | 140 | 118 | | 118 | |
| Past due 1 to 30 days | 37 | (1 | ) | 36 | 62 | (1 | ) | 61 |
| Past due 31 to 180 days | 39 | (8 | ) | 31 | 49 | (16 | ) | 33 |
| More than 181 days | 40 | (38 | ) | 2 | 28 | (26 | ) | 2 |
| 257 | (48 | ) | 209 | 257 | (43 | ) | 214 |
The movement in the provision for impairment of trade and other receivables during the year is as follows:
| December 31, | December 31, | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 2006 | |||
| (£ million) | ||||
| At January 1, | (43 | ) | (47 | ) |
| Provided | (12 | ) | (16 | ) |
| Amounts written off | 6 | 15 | ||
| Exchange and other adjustments | 1 | 5 | ||
| At December 31, | (48 | ) | (43 | ) |
Note 18 Cash and cash equivalents
| December 31, | December 31, | |
|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 2006 | |
| (£ million) | ||
| Cash at bank and in hand | 26 | 30 |
| Short-term deposits | 26 | 149 |
| 52 | 179 |
Short-term deposits are highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less, in various currencies.
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Note 19 Trade and other payables
| December 31, | December 31, | |
|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 2006 | |
| (£ million) | ||
| Current | ||
| Trade payables | 49 | 47 |
| Other tax and social security payable | 19 | 26 |
| Other payables | 172 | 190 |
| Accruals | 148 | 139 |
| Derivatives | 2 | |
| 390 | 402 | |
| Non-current | ||
| Other payables | 139 | 109 |
Trade payable are non-interest bearing and are normally settled within 45 days.
Other payables includes £212 million (2006 £180 million) relating to the future redemption liability of the Companys loyalty program, of which £84 million (2006 £83 million) is classified as current and £128 million (2006 £97 million) as non-current.
Note 20 Loans and other borrowings
| Current | Non-current | Total | Current | Non-current | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | ||||||
| Secured bank loans | | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 7 |
| Finance leases | 8 | 92 | 100 | 3 | 94 | 97 |
| Unsecured bank loans | | 774 | 774 | 3 | 206 | 209 |
| Total borrowings | 8 | 869 | 877 | 10 | 303 | 313 |
| Denominated in the following currencies: | ||||||
| Pounds sterling | | 275 | 275 | | 102 | 102 |
| US dollars | 8 | 425 | 433 | 10 | 145 | 155 |
| Euro | | 121 | 121 | | 54 | 54 |
| Other | | 48 | 48 | | 2 | 2 |
| 8 | 869 | 877 | 10 | 303 | 313 |
Secured bank loans
These mortgages are secured on the hotel properties to which they relate. The rates of interest and currencies of these loans vary.
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Finance leases
Finance lease obligations, which relate to the 99 year lease on the InterContinental Boston, are payable as follows:
| Minimum | Present | Minimum | Present | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lease | value of | lease | value of | |||
| payments | payments | payments | payments | |||
| (£ million) | ||||||
| Less than one year | 8 | 8 | 3 | 3 | ||
| Between one and five years | 32 | 24 | 33 | 24 | ||
| More than five years | 1,689 | 68 | 1,745 | 70 | ||
| 1,729 | 100 | 1,781 | 97 | |||
| Less amount representing finance charges | (1,629 | ) | | (1,684 | ) | |
| 100 | 100 | 97 | 97 |
The Company has the option to extend the term of the lease for two additional 20 year terms. Payments under the lease step up at regular intervals over the lease term.
Unsecured bank loans
Unsecured bank loans are borrowings under the Companys 2009 £1.1 billion Syndicated Facility and its short-term bilateral loan facilities. Amounts are classified as non-current when the facilities have more than 12 months to expiry. These facilities contain financial covenants and as at the balance sheet date the Company was not in breach of the covenants, nor had any breaches or defaults occurred during the year.
Facilities provided by banks
| Utilized | Unutilized | Total | Utilized | Unutilized | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | ||||||
| Committed | 777 | 377 | 1,154 | 213 | 944 | 1,157 |
| Uncommitted | | 25 | 25 | 3 | 36 | 39 |
| 777 | 402 | 1,179 | 216 | 980 | 1,196 |
| 2007 | 2006 | |
|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | ||
| Unutilized facilities expire: | ||
| within one year | 75 | 86 |
| after one but before two years | 327 | |
| after two years | | 894 |
| 402 | 980 |
Note 21 Financial risk management policies
Overview
The Companys treasury policy is to manage financial risks that arise in relation to underlying business needs. The activities of the treasury function are carried out in accordance with Board approved policies and are subject to regular audit. The treasury function does not operate as a profit center.
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The treasury function seeks to reduce the financial risk of the Company and manages liquidity to meet all foreseeable cash needs. Treasury activities include money market investments, spot and forward foreign exchange instruments, currency options, currency swaps, interest rate swaps and options and forward rate agreements. One of the primary objectives of the Companys treasury risk management policy is to mitigate the adverse impact of movements in interest rates and foreign exchange rates.
Market risk exposure
The US dollar is the predominant currency of the Companys revenue and cash flows. Movements in foreign exchange rates, particularly the US dollar and euro can affect the Companys reported profit, net assets and interest cover. To hedge this translation exposure the Company matches the currency of its debt (either directly or via derivatives) to the currency of its net assets, whilst maximising the amount of US dollars borrowed.
Foreign exchange transaction exposure is managed by the forward purchase or sale of foreign currencies or the use of currency options. Most significant exposures of the Company are in currencies that are freely convertible.
Interest rate exposure is managed within parameters that stipulate that fixed rate borrowings should normally account for no less than 25% and no more than 75% of net borrowings for each major currency. This is achieved through the use of interest rate swaps and options and forward rate agreements.
Based on the year end net debt position and given the underlying maturity profile of investments, borrowings and hedging instruments at that date, a one percentage point rise in US dollar interest rates would increase the annual net interest charge by approximately £2.9 million (2006 £1.4 million, 2005 £1.3 million). A similar rise in euro and sterling interest rates would increase the annual net interest charge by approximately £0.6 million (2006 £0.4 million, 2005 £4.0 million) and £1.6 million (2006 £1.0 million, 2005 £nil) respectively.
A general weakening of the US dollar (specifically a five cent rise in the sterling : US dollar rate) would reduce the Companys profit before tax by an estimated £4.2 million (2006 £4.9 million, 2005 £6.0 million) and increase net assets by an estimated £4.4 million (2006 £2.6 million, 2005 £nil). Similarly, a general weakening of the euro (specifically a five cent rise in the sterling: euro rate) would reduce the Companys profit before tax by an estimated £0.8 million (2006 £0.9 million, 2005 increase of £0.1 million) and decrease net assets by an estimated £3.0 million (2006 £4.0 million, 2005 £5.5 million).
Liquidity risk exposure
The treasury function ensures that the Company has access to sufficient funds to allow the implementation of the strategy set by the Board. At the year end, the Company had access to £377 million of undrawn committed facilities. Medium and long-term borrowing requirements are met through the £1.1 billion Syndicated Facility and short-term borrowing requirements are met from drawings under bilateral bank facilities. The Company is in compliance with all of the financial covenants in its loan documents, none of which is expected to present a material restriction on funding or investment policy in the near future.
At the year end, the Company had surplus cash of £52 million which is held in short-term deposits and cash funds which allow daily withdrawals of cash. Most of the Companys surplus funds are held in the United Kingdom or United States and there are no material funds where repatriation is restricted as a result of foreign exchange regulations.
Credit risk exposure
Credit risk on treasury transactions is minimized by operating a policy on the investment of surplus cash that generally restricts counterparties to those with an A credit rating or better or those providing adequate security.
The Company trades only with recognized, creditworthy third parties. It is the Companys policy that all customers who wish to trade on credit terms are subject to credit verification procedures.
In respect of credit risk arising from financial assets, the Companys exposure to credit risk arises from default of the counterparty, with a maximum exposure equal to the carrying amount of these instruments.
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Capital risk management
The Company manages its capital to ensure that it will be able to continue as a going concern. The capital structure consists of net debt, issued share capital and reserves. The structure is managed to minimize the Companys cost of capital, to provide ongoing returns to shareholders and to service debt obligations, whilst maintaining maximum operational flexibility. Surplus cash is either reinvested in the business, used to repay debt or returned to shareholders. The Group maintains a conservative level of debt. The level of debt is monitored on the basis of a cashflow leverage ratio, which is net debt divided by EBITDA. Net debt is calculated as total borrowings less cash and cash equivalents. EBITDA is earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization.
Hedging
Interest rate risk
The Company hedges its interest rate risk by taking out interest rate swaps to fix the interest flows on between 25% and 75% of its net borrowings in major currencies. At December 31, 2007, the Company held interest rate swaps with notional principals of US $100 million and £150 million and 75 million (2006 US $100 million, 80 million). The interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges of borrowings under the syndicated loan facility and they are held on the balance sheet at fair value in other financial assets and other payables.
Changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges are recognized in the unrealized gains and losses reserve to the extent that the hedges are effective. When the hedged item is recognized, the cumulative gains and losses on the hedging instrument are recycled to the income statement. No ineffectiveness was recognized during the current or prior year.
Foreign currency risk
The Company is exposed to foreign currency risk on income streams denominated in foreign currencies. When appropriate, the Company hedges a portion of forecast foreign currency income by taking out forward exchange contracts. The designated risk is the spot foreign exchange risk. Forward contracts are held at fair value on the balance sheet as other financial assets and other payables.
During the year, a £nil (2006 £3 million, 2005 £nil) foreign exchange gain was recognized in financial income, relating to gains on forward contracts that were not classified as hedging instruments under IAS 39.
Hedge of net investment in foreign operations
The Company designates its foreign currency bank borrowings and currency derivatives as net investment hedges of foreign operations. The designated risk is the spot foreign exchange risk; the interest on these financial instruments is taken through financial income or expense and the derivatives are held on the balance sheet at fair value in other financial assets and other payables.
Hedge effectiveness is measured at calendar quarter ends. Variations in fair value due to changes in the underlying exchange rates are taken to the currency translation reserve until an operation is sold, at which point the cumulative currency gains and losses are recycled against the gain or loss on sale. No ineffectiveness was recognized on net investment hedges during the current or prior year.
At December 31, 2007, the Company held foreign exchange derivatives with a principal of £6 million (2006 £220 million) and a fair value of £nil (2006 £3.5 million). The maximum amount of foreign exchange derivatives held during the year as net investment hedges and measured at calendar quarter ends had a principal of £272 million (2006 £220 million) and a fair value of £1.6 million (2006 £3.5 million).
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Note 22 Financial Instruments
Liquidity risk
The following are the undiscounted contractual cash flows of financial liabilities, including interest payments.
| Less than | Between 1 and | Between 2 and | More than | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 31, 2007 | 1 year | 2 years | 5 years | 5 years | Total |
| (£ million) | |||||
| Secured bank loans | 1 | 1 | 4 | | 6 |
| Finance lease obligations | 8 | 8 | 24 | 1,689 | 1,729 |
| Unsecured bank loans | 781 | | | | 781 |
| Trade and other payables | 388 | 64 | 50 | 55 | 557 |
| Derivatives | 6 | | | | 6 |
| Less than | Between 1 and | Between 2 and | More than | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 31, 2006 | 1 year | 2 years | 5 years | 5 years | Total |
| (£ million) | |||||
| Secured bank loans | 4 | 1 | 5 | | 10 |
| Finance lease obligations | 3 | 8 | 25 | 1,745 | 1,781 |
| Unsecured bank loans | 214 | | | | 214 |
| Trade and other payables | 402 | 47 | 36 | 53 | 538 |
| Derivatives | 57 | | | | 57 |
Cash flows relating to unsecured bank loans are classified according to the maturity date of the loan drawdown rather than the facility maturity date.
Credit risk
The carrying amount of financial assets represents the maximum exposure to credit risk.
| December 31, | December 31, | |
|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 2006 | |
| (£ million) | ||
| Equity securities available-for-sale | 46 | 57 |
| Loans and receivables: | ||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 52 | 179 |
| Other financial assets | 56 | 48 |
| Trade and other receivables excluding prepayments | 209 | 214 |
| Derivatives | | 4 |
| 363 | 502 |
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Interest rate risk
For each class of interest bearing financial asset and financial liability, the following table indicates the range of interest rates effective at the balance sheet date, the carrying amount on the balance sheet and the periods in which they reprice, if earlier than the maturity date.
| Total | Between | Between | |||||||
| Effective | carrying | Less than | 6 months | 1 and 2 | More than | ||||
| As at December 31, 2007 | interest rate | amount | 6 months | and 1 year | years | 5 years | |||
| (%) | (£ million) | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 0.0-5.9 | (52 | ) | (52 | ) | | | | |
| Secured bank loans | 8.2 | 3 | 3 | | | | |||
| Finance lease obligations* | 9.7 | 100 | | | | 100 | |||
| Unsecured bank loans: | |||||||||
| Euro floating rate | 5.3 | 121 | 121 | | | | |||
| effect of euro interest rate swaps* | (0.6 | ) | | (55 | ) | | 55 | | |
| US dollar floating rate | 5.5 | 333 | 333 | | | | |||
| effect of US dollar interest rate swaps* | (0.4 | ) | | (50 | ) | 50 | | | |
| Sterling floating rate | 6.9 | 275 | 275 | | | | |||
| effect of sterling interest rate swaps | 0.0 | | (75 | ) | | 75 | | ||
| HK dollar floating rate | 4.5 | 45 | 45 | | | | |||
| Net debt | 825 | 545 | 50 | 130 | 100 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
| Total | Between | Between | |||||||
| Effective | carrying | Less than | 6 months | 1 and 2 | More than | ||||
| As at December 31, 2006 | interest rate | amount | 6 months | and 1 year | years | 5 years | |||
| (%) | (£ million) | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 0.0-5.2 | (179 | ) | (179 | ) | | | | |
| Secured bank loans | 8.5 | 7 | 7 | | | | |||
| Finance lease obligations* | 9.7 | 97 | | | | 97 | |||
| Unsecured bank loans: | |||||||||
| Euro floating rate | 4.0 | 54 | 54 | | | | |||
| effect of euro interest rate swaps* | (1.0 | ) | | (54 | ) | | 54 | | |
| US dollar floating rate | 5.7 | 53 | 53 | | | | |||
| effect of US dollar interest rate swaps* | (1.2 | ) | | (51 | ) | | 51 | | |
| Sterling floating rate | 5.6 | 102 | 102 | | | | |||
| Net debt | 134 | (68 | ) | | 105 | 97 | |||
| Foreign exchange contracts | (4 | ) | (4 | ) | | | | ||
| 130 | (72 | ) | | 105 | 97 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
Interest rate swaps are included in the above tables to the extent that they effect the Companys interest rate repricing risk. The swaps hedge the floating rate debt by fixing the interest rate. The effect shown above is their
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impact on the debts floating rate, for an amount equal to their notional principal (principal and maturity of swap is shown in repricing analysis). The fair values of derivatives are recorded in other financial assets and other payables.
Trade and other receivables and trade and other payables are not included above as they are not interest bearing.
Fair values
The table below compares carrying amounts and fair values of the Companys financial assets and liabilities.
| Carrying | Carrying | |||||||
| value | Fair value | value | Fair value | |||||
| (£ million) | ||||||||
| Financial assets | ||||||||
| Equity securities available-for-sale (Note 15) | 46 | 46 | 57 | 57 | ||||
| Loans and receivables: | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents (Note 18) | 52 | 52 | 179 | 179 | ||||
| Other financial assets (Note 15) | 56 | 56 | 48 | 48 | ||||
| Trade and other receivables, excluding prepayments (Note 17) | 209 | 209 | 214 | 214 | ||||
| Derivatives (Note 15) | | | 4 | 4 | ||||
| Financial liabilities | ||||||||
| Borrowings, excluding finance lease obligations (Note 20) | (777 | ) | (777 | ) | (216 | ) | (216 | ) |
| Finance lease obligations (Note 20) | (100 | ) | (126 | ) | (97 | ) | (97 | ) |
| Trade and other payables (Note 19) | (527 | ) | (527 | ) | (511 | ) | (511 | ) |
| Derivatives (Note 19) | (2 | ) | (2 | ) | | |
The fair value of cash and cash equivalents approximates book value due to the short maturity of the investments and deposits. Equity securities available-for-sale and derivatives are held on the balance sheet at fair value as set out in Note 15. The fair value of other financial assets approximates book value based on prevailing market rates. The fair value of borrowings, excluding finance lease obligations, approximates book value as interest rates reset to market rates on a frequent basis. The fair value of the finance lease obligation is calculated by discounting future cash flows at prevailing interest rates. The fair value of trade and other receivables and trade and other payables approximates to their carrying value, including the future redemption liability of the Companys loyalty program.
Note 23 Net debt
| 2007 | 2006 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | ||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 52 | 179 | ||
| Loans and other borrowings current | (8 | ) | (10 | ) |
| Loans and other borrowings non-current | (869 | ) | (303 | ) |
| Net debt | (825 | ) | (134 | ) |
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| December 31, | December 31, | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 2006 | |||
| (£ million) | ||||
| Movement in net debt | ||||
| Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (131 | ) | (152 | ) |
| Add back cash flows in respect of other components of net debt: | ||||
| (Increase)/decrease in borrowings | (553 | ) | 172 | |
| (Increase)/decrease in net debt arising from cash flows | (684 | ) | 20 | |
| Non-cash movements: | ||||
| Finance lease liability | (9 | ) | (103 | ) |
| Exchange and other adjustments | 2 | 37 | ||
| Increase in net debt | (691 | ) | (46 | ) |
| Net debt at beginning of the year | (134 | ) | (88 | ) |
| Net debt at end of the year | (825 | ) | (134 | ) |
Note 24 Share-based payments
Short Term Deferred Incentive Plan
The IHG Short Term Deferred Incentive Plan (STDIP), now called the Annual Bonus Plan, enables eligible employees, including Executive Directors, to receive all or part of their bonus in the form of shares together with, in certain cases, a matching award of free shares up to half the deferred amount. The bonus and matching shares in the 2004 and 2005 plans are deferred and released in three equal tranches on the first, second and third anniversaries of the award date. The bonus and matching shares in the 2006 and 2007 plans are released on the third anniversary of the award date. Under the 2006 and 2007 plans a percentage of the award (Board members 100% (2006 80%); other eligible employees 50%) must be taken in shares and deferred. Participants may defer the remaining amount on the same terms or take it in cash. The awards in all of the plans are conditional on the participants remaining in the employment of a participating company. Participation in the STDIP is at the discretion of the Remuneration Committee. The number of shares is calculated by dividing a specific percentage of the participants annual performance related bonus by the middle market quoted prices on the three consecutive dealing days immediately preceding the date of grant. A number of executives participated in the plan during the year and conditional rights over 675,515 (2006 606,573) shares were awarded to participants.
Long Term Incentive Plan
The Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP), previously called the Performance Restricted Share Plan (PRSP), allows Executive Directors and eligible employees to receive share awards, subject to the satisfaction of a performance condition, set by the Remuneration Committee, which is normally measured over a three year period. Awards are normally made annualy and, except in exceptional circumstances, will not exceed three times salary for Executive Directors and four times salary in the case of other eligible employees. During the year, conditional rights over 3,538,535 (2006 4,277,550) shares were awarded to employees under the plan. The plan provides for the grant of nil cost options to participants as an alternative to conditional share awards.
Executive Share Option Plan
For options granted, the option price is not less than the market value of an ordinary share, or the nominal value if higher. The market value is the quoted price on the business day preceding the date of grant, or the average of the middle market quoted prices on the three consecutive dealing days immediately preceding the date of grant. A performance condition has to be met before options can be exercised. The performance condition is set by the Remuneration Committee. The plan was not operated during 2007 and no options were granted in the year under the plan. The latest date that any options may be exercised is April 2015.
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Sharesave Plan
The Sharesave Plan is a savings plan whereby employees contract to save a fixed amount each month with a savings institution for three or five years. At the end of the savings term, employees are given the option to purchase shares at a price set before savings began. The Sharesave Plan is available to all United Kingdom employees (including Executive Directors) employed by participating companies provided that they have been employed for at least one year. The plan provides for the grant of options to subscribe for ordinary shares at the higher of nominal value and not less than 80% of the middle market quotations of the ordinary shares on the three dealing days immediately preceding the invitation date. The plan was not operated during 2007 and no options were granted in the year under the plan. The latest date that any options may be exercised under the three-year plan is February 29, 2008 and under the five-year plan is February 28, 2010.
US Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The US Employee Stock Purchase Plan will allow eligible employees resident in the United States an opportunity to acquire Company American Depositary Shares (ADSs) on advantageous terms. The plan, when operational, will comply with Section 423 of the US Internal Revenue Code of 1986. The option to purchase ADSs may be offered only to employees of designated subsidiary companies. The option price may not be less than the lesser of either 85% of the fair market value of an ADS on the date of grant or 85% of the fair market value of an ADS on the date of exercise. Options granted under the plan must generally be exercised within 27 months from the date of grant. The plan was not operated during 2007 and at December 31, 2007 no options had been granted under the plan.
Former Six Continents Share Schemes
Under the terms of the separation of Six Continents PLC in 2003, holders of options under the Six Continents Executive Share Option Schemes were given the opportunity to exchange their Six Continents PLC options for equivalent value new options over IHG shares. As a result of this exchange, 23,195,482 shares were put under option at prices ranging from 308.48 pence to 593.29 pence. The exchanged options were immediately exercisable and are not subject to performance conditions. During 2007, 1,358,791 (2006 3,678,239,) such options were exercised, leaving a total of 2,696,883 (2006 4,055,674) such options outstanding at prices ranging from 308.48 pence to 593.29 pence. The latest date that any options may be exercised is October 2012.
The Company recognized a cost of £30 million (2006 £18 million, 2005 £17 million) in operating profit related to equity-settled share-based payment transactions during the year.
The aggregate consideration in respect of ordinary shares issued under option schemes during the year was £16 million (2006 £20 million, 2005 £10 million).
The following table sets forth awards and options granted during 2007. No awards were granted under the Executive Share Option Plan, Sharesave Plan or US Employee Stock Purchase Plan during the year.
| Incentive Plan | Incentive Plan | |
|---|---|---|
| Number of shares awarded in 2007 | 675,515 | 3,538,535 |
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In 2007, 2006 and 2005, the Company used separate option pricing models and assumptions for each plan. The following tables set forth information about how the fair value of each option is calculated:
| Short Term Deferred | Long Term | |
|---|---|---|
| 2007 | Incentive Plan | Incentive Plan |
| Valuation model | Binomial | Monte Carlo |
| Simulation and | ||
| Binomial | ||
| Weighted average share price (pence) | 1252.0 | 1262.0 |
| Expected dividend yield | 2.13 % | 2.13 % |
| Risk-free interest rate | 5.40 % | |
| Volatility (i) | 19 % | |
| Term (years) | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Short Term Deferred | Long Term | |
|---|---|---|
| 2006 | Incentive Plan | Incentive Plan |
| Valuation model | Binomial | Monte Carlo |
| Simulation and | ||
| Binomial | ||
| Weighted average share price (pence) | 831.0 | 946.0 |
| Expected dividend yield | 2.32 % | |
| Risk-free interest rate | 4.90 % | |
| Volatility (i) | 20 % | |
| Term (years) | 2.0 | 3.0 |
| Short Term Deferred | Long Term | Executive Share | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | Incentive Plan | Incentive Plan | Option Plan |
| Valuation model | Binomial | Monte Carlo | Binomial |
| Simulation and | |||
| Binomial | |||
| Weighted average share price (pence) | 652.8 | 702.0 | 627.0 |
| Exercise price (pence) | 620.0 | ||
| Expected dividend yield | 2.73 % | 3.18 % | 3.62 % |
| Risk-free interest rate | 4.10 % | 4.69 % | |
| Volatility (i) | 23 % | 28 % | |
| Term (years) | 2.0 | 3.0 | 6.5 |
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(i) The expected volatility was determined by calculating the historical volatility of the Companys share price corresponding to the expected life of the option or share award.
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Movements in the awards and options outstanding under the schemes are as follows:
| Incentive Plan | Incentive Plan | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of shares | Number of shares | |||
| (thousands) | ||||
| Outstanding at January 1, 2005 | 241 | 7,735 | ||
| Granted | 625 | 5,174 | ||
| Vested | (32 | ) | (1,278 | ) |
| Lapsed or canceled | (5 | ) | (997 | ) |
| Outstanding at December 31, 2005 | 829 | 10,634 | ||
| Granted | 607 | 4,277 | ||
| Vested | (328 | ) | (1,395 | ) |
| Share capital consolidation | (50 | ) | | |
| Lapsed or canceled | (57 | ) | (2,191 | ) |
| Outstanding at December 31, 2006 | 1,001 | 11,325 | ||
| Granted | 675 | 3,539 | ||
| Vested | (418 | ) | (1,694 | ) |
| Share capital consolidation | (68 | ) | | |
| Lapsed or canceled | (86 | ) | (1,707 | ) |
| Outstanding at December 31, 2007 | 1,104 | 11,463 | ||
| Fair value of awards granted during the year (pence) | ||||
| At December 31, 2007 | 1190.6 | 453.8 | ||
| At December 31, 2006 | 894.5 | 287.0 | ||
| At December 31, 2005 | 649.1 | 117.0 | ||
| Weighted average remaining contract life (years) | ||||
| At December 31, 2007 | 1.5 | 1.1 | ||
| At December 31, 2006 | 1.0 | 1.3 | ||
| At December 31, 2005 | 1.1 | 1.2 |
The above awards do not vest until the performance conditions have been met.
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| Weighted | Weighted | |||||||
| Number of | Range of | average | Number of | Range of | average | |||
| shares | option prices | option price | shares | option prices | option price | |||
| (thousands) | (pence) | (pence) | (thousands) | (pence) | (pence) | |||
| Options outstanding at January 1, 2005 | 1,262 | 420.5 | 420.5 | 26,741 | 308.5-593.3 | 447.6 | ||
| Granted | | | | 2,105 | 619.8 | 619.8 | ||
| Exercised | (118 | ) | 420.5 | 420.5 | (4,138 | ) | 308.5-593.3 | 429.1 |
| Lapsed or canceled | (280 | ) | 420.5 | 420.5 | (2,089 | ) | 345.6-619.8 | 465.3 |
| Options outstanding at December 31, 2005 | 864 | 420.5 | 420.5 | 22,619 | 308.5-619.8 | 465.4 | ||
| Exercised | (389 | ) | 420.5 | 420.5 | (8,365 | ) | 308.5-619.8 | 438.7 |
| Lapsed or canceled | (310 | ) | 420.5 | 420.5 | (175 | ) | 345.6-619.8 | 404.6 |
| Options outstanding at December 31, 2006 | 165 | 420.5 | 420.5 | 14,079 | 308.5-619.8 | 482.2 | ||
| Exercised | (101 | ) | 420.5 | 420.5 | (5,568 | ) | 308.5-619.8 | 471.9 |
| Lapsed or canceled | (7 | ) | 420.5 | 420.5 | (317 | ) | 438.0-619.8 | 526.8 |
| Options outstanding at December 31, 2007 | 57 | 420.5 | 420.5 | 8,194 | 308.5-619.8 | 487.4 | ||
| Options exercisable | ||||||||
| At December 31, 2007 | | | | 6,583 | 308.5-619.8 | 455.0 | ||
| At December 31, 2006 | | | | 6,002 | 308.5-619.8 | 430.2 | ||
| At December 31, 2005 | | | | 8,710 | 308.5-619.8 | 434.3 |
Included within the options outstanding of the Executive Share Option Plan are options over 2,696,883 (2006 4,055,674, 2005 7,909,002) shares that have not been recognized in accordance with IFRS 2 as the options were granted on or before November 7, 2002. These options, relating to former Six Continents shares schemes, have not been subsequently modified and therefore do not need to be accounted for in accordance with IFRS 2.
The weighted average share price at the date of exercise for share options vested during the year was 1259.0 pence. The closing share price on December 31, 2007 was 884.0 pence and the range during the year was 873.5 pence to 1413.0 pence per share.
Summarized information about options outstanding at December 31, 2007 under the share option schemes is as follows:
| Weighted | Options exercisable | ||||
| average | Weighted | Weighted | |||
| Number | remaining | average | Number | average | |
| outstanding | contract life | option price | exercisable | option price | |
| (thousands) | (years) | (pence) | (thousands) | (pence) | |
| Range of exercise prices (pence) | |||||
| Sharesave Plan | |||||
| 420.5 | 57 | 1.0 | 420.5 | | |
| Executive Share Option Plan | |||||
| 308.5 to 349.1 | 565 | 2.3 | 347.7 | 565 | 347.7 |
| 349.2 to 498.0 | 5,905 | 5.3 | 462.6 | 5,905 | 462.6 |
| 498.1 to 619.8 | 1,724 | 6.8 | 618.1 | 113 | 593.7 |
| 8,194 | 5.4 | 487.4 | 6,583 | 455.0 |
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Note 25 Deferred tax payable
| Property, | Deferred | short-term | ||||||||||||
| plant and | gains on | Employee | Intangible | temporary | ||||||||||
| equipment | loan notes | Losses | benefits | assets | differences* | Total | ||||||||
| (£ million) | ||||||||||||||
| At January 1, 2005 | 492 | 122 | (113 | ) | (39 | ) | (30 | ) | (50 | ) | 382 | |||
| Disposals | (150 | ) | | | 34 | | 3 | (113 | ) | |||||
| Income statement | (87 | ) | | (11 | ) | (5 | ) | 32 | 56 | (15 | ) | |||
| Statement of recognized income and expense | | | | (5 | ) | | (2 | ) | (7 | ) | ||||
| Exchange and other adjustments | 1 | | 1 | (1 | ) | (3 | ) | (1 | ) | (3 | ) | |||
| At December 31, 2005 | 256 | 122 | (123 | ) | (16 | ) | (1 | ) | 6 | 244 | ||||
| Disposals | (126 | ) | | 2 | | | 7 | (117 | ) | |||||
| Income statement | (2 | ) | (26 | ) | 31 | (1 | ) | 16 | (32 | ) | (14 | ) | ||
| Statement of recognized income and expense | | | | 1 | | (27 | ) | (26 | ) | |||||
| Acquisition of subsidiary (Note 31) | | | | | 1 | | 1 | |||||||
| Exchange and other adjustments | (9 | ) | (4 | ) | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | (7 | ) | ||||
| At December 31, 2006 | 119 | 92 | (89 | ) | (14 | ) | 17 | (44 | ) | 81 | ||||
| Income statement | 1 | (4 | ) | (2 | ) | 3 | 3 | (30 | ) | (29 | ) | |||
| Statement of recognized income and expense | | | | 3 | | 27 | 30 | |||||||
| Exchange and other adjustments | 3 | (1 | ) | (3 | ) | | 1 | 3 | 3 | |||||
| At December 31, 2007 | 123 | 87 | (94 | ) | (8 | ) | 21 | (44 | ) | 85 |
callerid=999 iwidth=455 length=60
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | |||
| Analyzed as: | |||
| Deferred tax payable | 82 | 79 | 210 |
| Liabilities classified as held for sale | 3 | 2 | 34 |
| At December 31 | 85 | 81 | 244 |
The deferred tax asset of £94 million (2006 £89 million, 2005 £123 million) recognized in respect of losses includes £60 million (2006 £64 million, 2005 £89 million) of capital losses available to be utilized against the realization of capital gains which are recognized as a deferred tax liability and £34 million (2006 £25 million, 2005 £34 million) in respect of revenue tax losses. Revenue losses include £3 million (2006 £1m, 2005 £nil) in respect of losses which arose during a period of hotel refurbishment and which are expected to be utilized against future operating profit.
Tax losses with a value of £191 million (2006 £192 million, 2005 £282 million), including capital losses with a value of £109 million (2006 £87 million, 2005 £93 million), have not been recognized as their use is uncertain or not currently anticipated. These losses may be carried forward indefinitely with the exception of £1 million (2006 £nil, 2005 £nil) which expires after five years, £nil (2006 £1 million, 2005 £nil) which expires after seven years and £nil (2006 £1 million, 2005 £nil) which expires after 15 years.
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Deferred tax assets of £4 million (2006 £6 million, 2005 £19 million) in respect of share-based payments, £7 million (2006 £7 million, 2005 £7 million) in respect of employee benefits and £13 million (2006 £17 million, 2005 £11 million) in respect of other items have not been recognized as the timing of their realization and consequent use is uncertain or not currently anticipated and, in part, is dependent upon the outcome of European Union (EU) case law. Other items include £nil (2006 £7 million, 2005 £nil) which expire after nine years.
At December 31, 2007 the Company has not provided deferred tax in relation to temporary differences associated with undistributed earnings of subsidiaries. Quantifying the temporary differences is not practical. However, based on current enacted law and on the basis that the Company is in a position to control the timing and manner of realization of these temporary differences, no material tax consequences are expected to arise.
Note 26 Minority equity interest
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | ||||||
| At January, 1 | 8 | 20 | 117 | |||
| Total recognized income and expense in the year | | | 15 | |||
| Dividends paid to minority interests | | (1 | ) | (177 | ) | |
| Disposal of hotels (Note 11) | (6 | ) | (13 | ) | | |
| Disposal of Soft Drinks business (Note 11) | | | 66 | |||
| Acquisition of subsidiary (Note 31) | | 3 | | |||
| Exchange and other adjustments | 1 | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | |
| At December, 31 | 3 | 8 | 20 |
Note 27 Operating leases
During the year ended December 31, 2007, £32 million (2006 £39 million, 2005 £62 million) was recognized as an expense in the income statement in respect of operating leases.
Total commitments under non-cancelable operating leases are as follows:
| 2007 | 2006 | |
|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | ||
| Due within one year | 28 | 27 |
| One to two years | 19 | 21 |
| Two to three years | 16 | 19 |
| Three to four years | 14 | 14 |
| Four to five years | 11 | 9 |
| More than five years | 108 | 100 |
| 196 | 190 |
The average remaining term of these leases, which generally contain renewal options, is approximately 17 years. No material restrictions or guarantees exist in the Companys lease obligations.
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Note 28 Capital and other commitments
| 2007 | 2006 | |
|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | ||
| Contracts placed for expenditure on property, plant and | ||
| equipment not provided for in the financial statements | 10 | 24 |
On October 24, 2007, the Company announced a worldwide relaunch of its Holiday Inn brand family. In support of this relaunch, IHG will make a non-recurring revenue investment of up to £30 million which it is anticipated will be charged to the income statement as on exceptional item during 2008.
Note 29 Contingencies
| 2007 | 2006 | |
|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | ||
| Contingent liabilities not provided for in the financial | ||
| statements relating to guarantees | 5 | 11 |
In limited cases, the Company may provide performance guarantees to third-party owners to secure management contracts. The maximum exposure under such guarantees is £121 million (2006 £142 million). It is the view of the Directors that, other than to the extent that liabilities have been provided for in these financial statements, such guarantees are not expected to result in financial loss to the Company.
As of December 31, 2007, the Company had outstanding letters of credit of £31 million (2006 £31 million) mainly relating to self-insurance programs.
The Company may guarantee loans made to facilitate third-party ownership of hotels in which the Company has an equity interest and also a management contract. As of December 31, 2007, the Company was a guarantor of loans which could amount to a maximum of £14 million (2006 £13 million).
The Company has given warranties in respect of the disposal of certain of its former subsidiaries and hotels. It is the view of the Directors that, other than to the extent that liabilities have been provided for in these financial statements, such warranties are not expected to result in financial loss to the Company.
Note 30 Related party disclosures
Key management personnel comprises the Board and Executive Committee.
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (£ million) | |||
| Total compensation of key management personnel | |||
| Short-term employment benefits | 9.4 | 9.5 | 6.5 |
| Post-employment benefits | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| Termination benefits | | | 0.8 |
| Equity compensation benefits | 9.1 | 7.9 | 6.9 |
| 19.0 | 17.9 | 14.4 |
There were no transactions with key management personnel during the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 or 2005.
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Note 31 Acquisition of subsidiary
On December 1, 2006, the Company acquired a 75% interest in ANA Hotels & Resorts Co., Ltd (subsequently renamed IHG ANA Hotels Group Japan LLC), a hotel management company based in Japan.
| values | Fair | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pre-acquisition | value | |||
| (£ million) | ||||
| Intangible assets | 1 | 8 | ||
| Current assets (excluding cash and cash equivalents) | 4 | 4 | ||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 4 | 4 | ||
| Trade and other payables | (3 | ) | (3 | ) |
| Current tax payable | (1 | ) | (1 | ) |
| Deferred tax payable | | (1 | ) | |
| 5 | 11 | |||
| Minority interest | (3 | ) | ||
| Net assets acquired | 8 | |||
| Goodwill on acquisition | 2 | |||
| Consideration, satisfied in cash (including costs of | ||||
| £2 million) | 10 | |||
| Cash and cash equivalents acquired | (4 | ) | ||
| Net cash outflow | 6 |
Management contracts acquired were recognized as intangible assets at their fair value. The residual excess over the net assets acquired was recognized as goodwill.
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INTERCONTINENTAL HOTELS GROUP PLC
SCHEDULE II
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
| Balance at | charged to | Balance at | |||||
| beginning | costs and | Exchange | end of | ||||
| of period | expenses | differences | Deductions | period | |||
| Year ended December 31, 2007 Provisions for bad and doubtful debts | 43 | 12 | (1 | ) | (6 | ) | 48 |
| Year ended December 31, 2006 Provisions for bad and doubtful debts | 47 | 16 | (5 | ) | (15 | ) | 43 |
| Year ended December 31, 2005 Provisions for bad and doubtful debts | 43 | 14 | 4 | (14 | ) | 47 | |
| Year ended December 31, 2004 Provisions for bad and doubtful debts | 45 | 20 | (3 | ) | (19 | ) | 43 |
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SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
INTERCONTINENTAL HOTELS GROUP PLC (Registrant)
By: /s/ Richard Solomons
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Name: Richard Solomons
Title: Finance Director
Date: March 28, 2008
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