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Instabank Interim / Quarterly Report 2025

Feb 6, 2026

3636_rns_2026-02-06_a52e8dac-b436-4ad2-bef9-4fa598fc52c2.pdf

Interim / Quarterly Report

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Key highlights Q4 2025

Instabank continues to strengthen its position as a profitable and scalable Nordic challenger bank

Record profit after tax

Profit after tax reached a record 47.8 MNOK, an increase of 17.2 MNOK from Q3 2025, positively impacted by year-end tax adjustments and a net positive effect from the sale of NPLs

Strong income growth and cost discipline

Strong lending growth drove solid income development in the quarter, while disciplined cost control resulted in a cost-to-income ratio of 38%.

Strong underlying lending growth

Gross lending increased by 571 MNOK, adjusted for the successful sale of NPLs totaling 301 MNOK

Well positioned for accelerating growth in 2026

Following the successful capital raise of 205 MNOK, Instabank is well positioned to achieve lending growth of 3,000–3,500 MNOK in 2026

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The Nordic game changer

About Instabank ASA

Founded in 2016, Instabank is a fully digital, Nordic challenger bank committed to transforming traditional banking. With a focus on simplicity, accessibility, and innovation, we deliver tailored financial solutions to private and corporate customers. From flexible loans and savings products to user-friendly credit cards and insurance offerings, our mission is to remove barriers and redefine the banking experience.

Instabank operates in Norway, Finland, Germany and Sweden, offering competitive savings, insurance, credit cards, mortgages, and unsecured loan products to consumers and small and medium-sized businesses.

The bank's products and services are distributed primarily through agents, other digital platforms like social media and its website and mobile app.

Instabank is a proud sponsor of the Norwegian Athletics Federation.

Instabank has 54 full-time and 10 parttime employees.

At the end of Q4 2025, the bank had 137,940 customers, of which 85,617 lending customers and 52,323 deposit customers.

Instabank is admitted to trading at Euronext Growth at Oslo Børs, ticker INSTA.

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Operational Developments

Instabank continued to benefit from a well-diversified business model, delivering growth across its priority products and segments. Mortgages and Business Lending remain the most profitable segments, while Credit Cards in Germany offer the highest growth and long-term profit potential. This diversification supports accelerated growth and improves profitability and return on equity

571 MNOK

Quarterly adjusted lending growth

In the fourth quarter, Instabank achieved growth in gross lending of 271 MNOK. Instabank successfully sold nonperforming loans (NPLs) in Norway and Finland, amounting to 301 MNOK in the quarter, resulting in a positive P&L impact. Adjusted for NPL sales, gross loans grew by 571 MNOK, marking a record-high organic growth rate.

Growth total gross loans (MNOK):

The unsecured consumer lending segment experienced growth of 73 MNOK, or 374 MNOK when adjusted for non-performing loan (NPL) sales.

In Germany, the credit card lending volume increased by 140 MNOK, reaching a total of 428 MNOK by the end of the quarter. Launched in 2025, the German credit card holds significant growth potential in Europe's largest banking market. After nine months of operation, we have optimized our distribution and operations and are now prepared to accelerate growth in 2026. Our AI-driven customer service allows us to assist customers effectively through both verbal and written communication, ensuring a highly scalable and competitive operation in Germany. The introduction of credit cards marks a significant shift for Instabank, as we expand our unsecured consumer lending offerings from traditional consumer loans to credit cards. The Instabank Visa card is currently available in three countries: Norway, Germany, and Finland.

The mortgages segment returned to growth in the fourth quarter, increasing by 73 MNOK to 3,708 MNOK in gross lending at quarter-end.

44 %

Mortgages share of total lending

The segment delivers strong profitability, driven by attractive yields, low risk, and lower capital allocation than other lending products

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The Business lending segment continued to grow in the quarter, with gross lending increasing by 125 MNOK to 982 MNOK, accounting for 12 % of total lending. The segment has delivered the highest profitability among Instabank's segments, supported by high yields and low credit losses.

12 %

Business lending share of total lending

Average loan yields were 17.5 % in the quarter, while loan losses remained relatively low at 3.7 %. Given an underserved market and a scalable operating platform, Instabank sees continued growth potential in the segment.

Profit and Loss

Instabank reported a record-high profit before tax of 53.4 MNOK in the fourth quarter, an increase of 12.9 MNOK compared with the previous quarter.

53.4 MNOK

Profit before tax Q4 2025

The increase in profitability was driven by strong lending growth during the quarter and improved net interest income. Total interest income increased by 20.1 MNOK from the previous quarter to 243.6 MNOK in Q4 2025. Interest expenses amounted to 79.2 MNOK, down 0.3 MNOK from the previous quarter, reflecting continued stable funding conditions and a reduction in funding costs of 0.1 percentage points.

+ 14 %

Quarterly growth in net interest income

Net interest income rose to 164.4 MNOK, an increase of 20.4 MNOK, or 14%, compared with the previous quarter.

The net other income for the quarter was 11.0 MNOK, a decrease of 1.2 MNOK compared to the previous quarter.

Total income in Q4 2025 was 175.5 MNOK, an increase of 19.1 MNOK from the previous quarter.

Operating expenses reached 67.3 MNOK, an increase of 1.2 MNOK from the previous quarter. The cost-to-income ratio decreased by 4 % points to 38 %, due to economies of scale.

Loan losses amounted to 54.7 MNOK or 2.6 %1 , representing an increase of 5.0 MNOK/ +0.1 % points from the previous quarter. The sale of NPLs in the quarter had a positive impact on the loan losses amount.

Profits before tax were 53.4 MNOK, and profit after tax was 47.8 MNOK, representing a return on equity of 17.1 %. The tax expenses were positively impacted by the year-end tax calculations.

1 Loan losses (annualised) divided by average gross loans in the period

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Balance Sheet

Gross loans to customers increased by 271 MNOK in the quarter to 8,496 MNOK at the end of the quarter.

Deposits from customers decreased by 101 MNOK in the quarter to 8.162 MNOK at the end of the quarter.

Total assets at the end of Q4 2025 were 9,891 MNOK.

Regulatory capital

In the fourth quarter, Instabank successfully completed a private placement, a retail offering via PrimaryBid, and a subsequent offering, raising total net proceeds of 205 MNOK. The capital increase strengthened the Instabank's capital ratios and significantly enhanced its growth capacity.

At the end of the quarter, the Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (CET1) ratio was 19.7 %, 3.7 % points above the regulatory capital requirement including the expected capital buffer (P2G) of 2 %. The total capital ratio was 25.4 %, 3.8 % points above the total regulatory capital requirement including P2G buffer.

Instabank proudly paid its first dividend for 2024 — a key milestone reflecting both solid profitability and confidence in sustained earnings capacity. The expected dividends for 2025 have been deducted from the calculation of CET1 capital.

Strategic Move Towards Europe

Instabank's application process for a banking license in Finland is ongoing. The application was submitted in the second quarter to the Finnish Financial Supervisory Authority (FSA) by the Company's wholly owned subsidiary, Instafin Oy ("Instabank Finland").

By applying for a banking license in Finland, Instabank aims to operate within a European regulatory framework, supporting a more competitive and scalable banking platform. Finland's regulatory stability and alignment with EU banking standards continue to make it a well-suited jurisdiction for Instabank's long-term strategy of scaling across European markets.

To prepare for a potential transition, the boards of directors of Instabank ASA and Instabank Finland have approved a merger plan to merge Instabank ASA into Instabank Finland, with Instabank Finland as the surviving entity. Upon completion of the merger, Instabank Finland would assume all assets, rights, and obligations of Instabank ASA, which would be dissolved as a legal entity.

The implementation of the merger remains conditional upon the Finnish Financial Supervisory Authority granting the banking license and other required approvals. While the licensing process has taken longer than initially anticipated, the dialogue with the FSA has been constructive, and no material issues have been raised. The process also requires approval by the European Central Bank (ECB), and as this is the first time the FSA and the ECB are jointly reviewing such an application, coordination between the authorities has contributed to a longer timeline than initially expected, despite a good and ongoing dialogue. Instabank continues to evaluate its strategic options in parallel, while maintaining its focus on the Finnish licensing process.

The timing of the conclusion of the application process remains subject to regulatory review.

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Outlook

Instabank enters 2026 from a position of strength. Following the successful capital increase in the fourth quarter 2025, the bank is well-capitalized to pursue ambitious yet sustainable growth across its core markets.

We target lending growth in the range of 3,000-3,500 MNOK for 2026, reflecting continued expansion in consumer finance, business lending, and the German credit card portfolio. Profit after tax for 2026 is expected to increase significantly from 2025 because of the growth in lending and a scalable operation. We anticipate profit after tax for 2026 to be in the range of 160 MNOK to 185 MNOK.

The ongoing Finnish banking license process marks a decisive step toward establishing a pan-Nordic banking platform under EU regulation. This transformation will enhance scalability, competitiveness, and capital efficiency.

Instabank's continued investment in AI and automation across customer service, underwriting, and operations strengthens both efficiency and customer experience.

Instabank's strategy remains clear: profitable growth, technological leadership, and European expansion.

Other information

The result after tax is added to retained earnings in full.

The figures presented are not audited by the bank's external auditor.

Oslo, February 5th, 2026

Board of Directors, Instabank ASA

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Condensed statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income:

NOK 1000 Note Q4-2025 Q4-2024 YTD 2025 YTD 2024
Interest Income effective interest method 3 228 730 177 473 816 036 686 833
Other interest income 14 901 9 662 40 684 35 516
Interest expenses 3 79 200 72 964 308 033 295 495
Net interest income 164 430 114 172 548 687 426 855
Income commissions and fees 16 605 13 729 61 990 52 428
Expenses commissions and fees 1 088 1 289 3 734 5 463
Net gains/loss on foreign exchange and securities
classified as current assets -4 474 -203 3 488 18 360
Net other income 11 043 12 237 61 743 65 325
Total income 175 473 126 409 610 430 492 179
Salary and other personnel expenses 22 216 25 901 94 196 86 533
Other administrative expenses, of which: 38 871 28 859 138 728 96 932
- direct marketing cost 9 621 6 041 34 268 21 617
Other expenses 2 719 3 037 12 763 9 949
Depreciation and amortisation 3 495 3 359 13 935 13 002
Total operating expenses 67 302 61 157 259 622 206 416
Losses on loans 2, 3 54 737 32 212 197 084 157 315
Profit before tax 53 434 33 040 153 724 128 448
Tax expenses 5 866 6 472 30 938 30 325
Profit and other comprehensive income for the period 47 568 26 568 122 786 98 124
Earnings per share (NOK) 0,11 0,07 0,20 0,26
Diluted earnings per share (NOK) 0,10 0,07 0,19 0,25

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Condensed statement of financial position:

NOK 1000 Note 31.12.2025 31.12.2024
Loans and deposits with credit institutions 5 345 974 438 305
Loans to customers 2, 3, 5 8 296 583 6 500 203
Certificates and bonds 5 1 173 584 1 002 496
Derivatives 5 151 2 326
Shares and other equity instruments 6 000 6 000
Other intangible assets 31 425 30 668
Fixed assets 9 852 12 539
Deferred tax assets 0 0
Other receivables 5 22 741 15 917
Total assets 9 891 310 8 008 454
Deposit from and debt to customers 5 8 162 315 6 746 553
Other debts 80 523 55 039
Accrued expenses and liabilities 31 807 37 790
Derivatives 1 113 3 029
Deferred tax 8 734 8 256
Tax payable 30 461 20 186
Subordinated loan capital 4, 5 190 000 96 000
Total liabilities 8 504 952 6 966 852
Share capital 4 452 606 378 262
Share premium reserve 4 331 094 200 430
Retained earnings 4 457 658 377 911
Additional Tier 1 capital 4 145 000 85 000
Total equity 1 386 358 1 041 603
Total liabilities and equity 9 891 310 8 008 454

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Statement of changes in equity:

Retained
earnings
Share Share Tier 1 and other Total
NOK 1000 capital premium capital reserves equity
Equity per 01.01.2024 378 262 200 430 80 900 288 547 948 139
Capital issuanse -
Tier 1 capital issued 20 000 20 000
Tier 1 capital settled -15 900 -15 900
Profit for the period 98 124 98 124
Changes in equity due to share option programs 1 985 1 985
Paid interest on Tier 1 Capital -10 745 -10 745
Equity per 31.12.2024 378 262 200 430 85 000 377 911 1 041 603
Equity per 01.01.2025 378 262 200 430 85 000 377 911 1 041 603
Capital issuanse 74 345 130 664 205 008
Profit for the period 122 786 122 786
Dividend paid out -30 261 -30 261
Changes in equity due to share option programs 1 965 1 965
Paid interest on Tier 1 Capital -14 742 -14 742
Additional Tier 1 capital issued 60 000 60 000
Equity per 31.12.2025 452 606 331 094 145 000 457 658 1 386 358

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Notes

Note 1: General accounting principles

The interim report is prepared in accordance with chapter 8 in regulations for annual accounts of banks, credit companies and financial institutions, which means interim financial statement in accordance with IAS 34 and those exceptions included in the regulations for annual accounts of banks, credit companies and financial institutions, as presentation of statement of cashflows. For further information, see note 1 accounting principles in the annual report of 2024. The interim report was approved by the board of directors on February 5th, 2026.

Note 2: Loans to customers

GROSS AND NET LENDING;

NOK 1000 31.12.2025 31.12.2024
Unsecured consumer loans 3 805 667 3 209 173
Mortgages 3 708 442 3 018 148
Business loans 982 313 462 009
Prepaid agent commission 176 265 135 603
Establishment fees -93 827 -88 291
Gross lending 8 578 860 6 736 643
Impairment of loans -282 277 -236 440
Net loans to customers 8 296 583 6 500 203

CREDIT IMPAIRED AND LOSSES:

NOK 1000 31.12.2025 31.12.2024
Gross credit impaired loans (stage 3) 613 290 540 754
Impairment of credit impaired loans (stage 3) -188 946 -167 003
Net credit impaired loans 424 344 373 752

Gross credit impaired loans are loans which are more than 90 days in arrear in relation to the agreed payment schedule.

AGEING OF LOANS:

NOK 1000 31.12.2025 31.12.2024
Loans not past due 6 370 785 4 891 903
Past due 1-30 days 1 073 466 891 014
Past due 31-60 days 378 039 322 679
Past due 61-90 days 73 564 53 274
Past due 91+ days 600 567 530 461
Total 8 496 421 6 689 330
31.12.2025 31.12.2024
Loans not past due 75,0 % 73,1 %
Past due 1-30 days 12,6 % 13,3 %
Past due 31-60 days 4,4 % 4,8 %
Past due 61-90 days 0,9 % 0,8 %
Past due 91+ days 7,1 % 7,9 %
Total 100,0 % 100,0 %

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GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION:

NOK 1000 31.12.2025 31.12.2024
Norway 5 764 617 4 820 592
Finland 2 224 952 1 789 237
Sweden 78 462 79 501
Germany 428 390 0
Gross lending excl. prepaid agent provisions and establishment fees 8 496 421 6 689 330

LOAN LOSS PROVISIONS IN THE PERIOD:

NOK 1000 Q4-2025 Q4-2024 YTD 2025 YTD 2024
Loan loss provisions stage 1 -242 2 200 -8 000 2 536
Loan loss provisions stage 2 -5 191 -4 048 -15 472 -3 128
Loan loss provisions stage 3 74 929 -22 480 -40 953 85 099
Total loan loss provisions in the period 69 497 -24 327 -64 424 84 507
Realised losses in the period -124 234 -7 885 -132 660 -241 822
Losses on loans in the period -54 737 -32 212 -197 084 -157 315

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RECONCILIATION OF GROSS LENDING TO CUSTOMERS, TOTAL LOANS

Q4 2025:

NOK 1000 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total
Gross carrying amount as at 01.10.25 6 055 588 1 390 481 780 165 8 226 235
Transfers in Q4 2025:
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 -545 864 551 354 - 5 490
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 -19 597 - 20 455 857
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 234 139 -241 467 - -7 328
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 - -156 850 156 641 -209
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 259 - -294 -35
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 - 2 435 -6 475 -4 041
New assets 1 130 538 128 769 1 630 1 260 937
Assets derecognised -537 540 -106 974 -308 807 -953 321
Changes in foreign exchange and other changes 9 600 -11 739 -30 026 -32 165
Gross carrying amount as at 31.12.25 6 327 123 1 556 009 613 290 8 496 421

Q4 2024:

Gross carrying amount as at 01.10.24 5 171 589 858 499 486 760 6 516 848
Transfers in Q4 2024:
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 -521 218 517 803 - -3 416
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 -14 274 - 14 586 312
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 133 052 -138 827 - -5 776
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 - -94 287 94 092 -195
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 - - - -
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 - 6 644 -6 560 84
New assets 750 887 38 873 215 789 975
Assets derecognised -514 025 -79 069 -53 455 -646 550
Changes in foreign exchange and other changes 33 314 -413 5 147 38 048
Gross carrying amount as at 31.12.24 5 039 324 1 109 222 540 784 6 689 330
Gross carrying amount as at 01.01.25 5 039 353 1 109 222 540 754 6 689 330
Transfers in 2025:
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 -414 849 403 879 - -10 970
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 -152 131 - 152 191 60
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 169 961 -189 881 - -19 921
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 - -163 771 149 327 -14 444
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 43 - -47 - 4
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 - 1 977 -5 325 -3 348
New assets 3 480 797 762 439 119 959 4 363 195
Assets derecognised -1 580 160 -353 034 -326 296 -2 259 490
Changes in foreign exchange and other changes -215 891 -14 821 -17 275 -247 987
Gross carrying amount as at 31.12.25 6 327 123 1 556 009 613 290 8 496 421

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RECONCILIATION OF LOAN LOSS ALLOWANCES, TOTAL LOANS

Q4 2025:

NOK 1000 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total
Expected credit losses as at 01.10.25 35 623 51 623 283 300 370 546
Transfers in Q4 2025:
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 -4 320 21 107 - 16 788
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 -558 - 5 604 5 046
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 2 309 -7 222 - -4 914
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 - -12 544 30 422 17 878
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 7 - -134 -127
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 - 206 -1 372 -1 167
New assets originated or change in provisions 6 312 4 104 179 10 595
Assets derecognised or change in provisions -2 150 -2 100 -132 387 -136 636
Changes in foreign exchange and other changes -1 114 2 047 3 334 4 267
Expected credit losses as at 31.12.25 36 110 57 221 188 946 282 277

Q4 2024:

Expected credit losses as at 01.10.24 30 096 37 415 144 728 212 238
Transfers in Q4 2024: - - - -
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 -4 571 17 180 - 12 609
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 -405 - 2 914 2 509
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 1 251 -4 762 - -3 511
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 - -7 708 16 349 8 641
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 1 - -14 -13
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 - 514 -1 245 -730
New assets originated or change in provisions 4 018 1 174 71 5 262
Assets derecognised or change in provisions -1 780 -2 426 -1 049 -5 255
Changes in foreign exchange and other changes -669 111 5 248 4 690
Expected credit losses as at 31.12.24 27 940 41 497 167 003 236 440
Expected credit losses as at 01.01.25 27 940 41 497 167 003 236 440
Transfers in 2025:
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 -3 668 15 483 - 11 815
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 -1 638 - 34 668 33 030
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 1 311 -7 363 - -6 051
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 - -8 565 31 121 22 556
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 1 - -25 -24
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 - 97 -1 080 -983
New assets originated or change in provisions 22 468 27 978 28 764 79 210
Assets derecognised or change in provisions -7 085 -10 881 -96 022 -113 988
Changes in foreign exchange and other changes -3 218 -1 026 24 516 20 272
Expected credit losses as at 31.12.25 36 110 57 221 188 946 282 277

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RECONCILIATION OF GROSS LENDING TO CUSTOMERS, UNSECURED CONSUMER LOANS

Q4 2025:

NOK 1000 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total
Gross carrying amount as at 01.10.25 2 774 295 440 150 517 828 3 732 273
Transfers in Q4 2025:
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 -196 024 199 599 - 3 575
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 -17 030 - 17 425 396
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 74 973 -80 026 - -5 053
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 - -88 858 88 977 119
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 259 - -294 -35
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 - 1 365 -2 410 -1 046
New assets 545 378 38 271 297 583 946
Assets derecognised -204 362 -17 905 -294 321 -516 588
Changes in foreign exchange and other changes 34 373 -6 252 -20 041 8 081
Gross carrying amount as at 31.12.25 3 011 861 486 345 307 461 3 805 667

Q4 2024:

Gross carrying amount as at 01.10.24 2 625 195 359 006 276 015 3 260 215
Transfers in Q4 2024:
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 -190 364 189 823 - -541
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 -13 153 - 13 465 312
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 53 788 -58 284 - -4 495
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 - -65 822 65 832 10
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 - - - -
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 - 2 796 -2 652 144
New assets 242 747 13 107 215 256 069
Assets derecognised -268 736 -20 457 -11 072 -300 266
Changes in foreign exchange and other changes -6 998 527 4 197 -2 274
Gross carrying amount as at 31.12.24 2 442 478 420 696 345 999 3 209 173
Gross carrying amount as at 01.01.25
2 442 508
420 696
345 970
Transfers in 2025:
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2
-144 047
137 082
-
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3
-86 997
87 807
-
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1
79 281
-92 310
-
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3
-77 255
74 315
-
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1
43
-47
-
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2
1 523
-1 811
-
New assets
1 578 903
215 146
82 319
Assets derecognised
-646 378
-108 440
-280 148
Changes in foreign exchange and other changes
-211 452
-10 098
-944
Gross carrying amount as at 31.12.25
3 011 861
486 345
307 461
3 805 667
3 209 173
-6 965
811
-13 028
-2 941
- 4
-288
1 876 368
-1 034 965
-222 494

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RECONCILIATION OF LOAN LOSS ALLOWANCES, UNSECURED CONSUMER LOANS

Q4 2025:

NOK 1000 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total
Expected credit losses as at 01.10.25 27 286 39 906 231 185 298 377
Transfers in Q4 2025:
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 -3 499 19 029 - 15 530
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 -537 - 5 316 4 778
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 1 361 -5 771 - -4 410
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 - -10 981 25 162 14 181
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 7 - -134 -127
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 - 188 -863 -675
New assets originated or change in provisions 4 938 3 580 169 8 687
Assets derecognised or change in provisions -1 520 -1 434 -131 655 -134 609
Changes in foreign exchange and other changes 115 1 909 -7 190 -5 166
Expected credit losses as at 31.12.25 28 151 46 427 121 989 196 567

Q4 2024:

Expected credit losses as at 01.10.24 24 739 33 056 113 394 171 189
Transfers in Q4 2024:
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 -3 942 14 696 - 10 754
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 -403 - 2 901 2 499
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 1 155 -4 187 - -3 032
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 - -7 294 14 894 7 599
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 1 - -14 -13
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 - 260 -905 -645
New assets originated or change in provisions 1 768 1 016 71 2 855
Assets derecognised or change in provisions -1 883 -1 357 2 071 -1 169
Changes in foreign exchange and other changes -83 42 4 178 4 137
Expected credit losses as at 31.12.24 21 352 36 232 136 591 194 175
Expected credit losses as at 01.01.25 21 352 36 232 136 591 194 175
Transfers in 2025:
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 -2 422 11 688 - 9 266
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 -1 406 - 26 085 24 680
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 1 237 -6 809 - -5 572
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 - -7 474 24 266 16 792
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 1 - -25 -24
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 - 95 -886 -791
New assets originated or change in provisions 16 942 22 204 26 978 66 124
Assets derecognised or change in provisions -4 814 -9 305 -91 600 -105 719
Changes in foreign exchange and other changes -2 739 -204 579 -2 364
Expected credit losses as at 31.12.25 28 151 46 427 121 989 196 567

{16}------------------------------------------------

RECONCILIATION OF GROSS LENDING TO CUSTOMERS, MORTGAGES

Q4 2025:

NOK 1000 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total
Gross carrying amount as at 01.10.25 2 694 820 703 434 238 160 3 636 414
Transfers in Q4 2025:
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 -304 467 304 138 - -329
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 -725 - 710 -16
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 96 612 -100 615 - -4 003
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 - -44 574 44 346 -228
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 - - - -
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 - 777 -3 745 -2 968
New assets 450 829 67 698 1 333 519 860
Assets derecognised -309 019 -82 973 -13 515 -405 506
Changes in foreign exchange and other changes -17 019 -7 375 -10 387 -34 782
Gross carrying amount as at 31.12.25 2 611 031 840 509 256 901 3 708 442

Q4 2024:

Gross carrying amount as at 01.10.24 2 262 647 492 914 206 876 2 962 437
Transfers in Q4 2024:
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 -322 566 319 982 - -2 584
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 -1 121 - 1 121 -
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 78 941 -80 195 - -1 253
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 - -24 462 24 281 -181
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 - - - -
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 - 1 929 -1 917 12
New assets 361 870 25 231 - 387 101
Assets derecognised -228 863 -58 612 -41 664 -329 138
Changes in foreign exchange and other changes 1 051 - 703 1 754
Gross carrying amount as at 31.12.24 2 151 960 676 788 189 399 3 018 148
Gross carrying amount as at 01.01.25 2 151 960 676 788 189 399 3 018 148
Transfers in 2025:
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 -172 336 163 301 - -9 035
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 -33 667 - 32 584 -1 082
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 90 679 -97 564 - -6 885
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 - -80 331 70 997 -9 334
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 - - - -
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 - 454 -3 513 -3 059
New assets 1 455 223 425 634 32 271 1 913 129
Assets derecognised -836 461 -243 950 -45 542 -1 125 953
Changes in foreign exchange and other changes -44 368 -3 824 -19 296 -67 487
Gross carrying amount as at 31.12.25 2 611 031 840 509 256 901 3 708 442

{17}------------------------------------------------

RECONCILIATION OF LOAN LOSS ALLOWANCES, MORTGAGES

Q4 2025:

NOK 1000 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total
Expected credit losses as at 01.10.25 1 804 3 954 44 302 50 059
Transfers in Q4 2025:
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 -242 1 036 - 793
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 - 0 - 6 6
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 99 -510 - -411
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 - -302 1 291 989
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 - - - -
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 - 2 -458 -456
New assets originated or change in provisions 100 211 10 321
Assets derecognised or change in provisions -207 -415 -594 -1 216
Changes in foreign exchange and other changes -919 -1 060 6 941 4 963
Expected credit losses as at 31.12.25 635 2 917 51 497 55 048

Q4 2024:

Expected credit losses as at 01.10.24 1 320 3 972 30 728 36 020
Transfers in Q4 2024:
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 -429 1 806 - 1 377
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 - 2 - 12 10
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 91 -563 - -473
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 - -170 693 523
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 - - - -
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 - 18 -105 -87
New assets originated or change in provisions 257 124 - 380
Assets derecognised or change in provisions 356 -1 069 -3 036 -3 749
Changes in foreign exchange and other changes - - 703 703
Expected credit losses as at 31.12.24 1 592 4 117 28 996 34 704
Expected credit losses as at 01.01.25 1 592 4 117 28 996 34 704
Transfers in 2025:
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 -158 607 - 449
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 -31 - 1 601 1 570
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 74 -545 - -471
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 - -499 5 532 5 033
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 - - - -
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 - 3 -194 -192
New assets originated or change in provisions 327 1 377 984 2 688
Assets derecognised or change in provisions -634 -1 430 -4 262 -6 326
Changes in foreign exchange and other changes -534 -712 18 839 17 593
Expected credit losses as at 31.12.25 635 2 917 51 497 55 048

{18}------------------------------------------------

RECONCILIATION OF GROSS LENDING TO CUSTOMERS, BUSINESS LOANS

Q4 2025:

NOK 1000 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total
Gross carrying amount as at 01.10.25 586 473 246 897 24 178 857 548
Transfers in Q4 2025:
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 -45 373 47 618 - 2 245
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 -1 842 - 2 320 477
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 62 554 -60 826 - 1 728
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 - -23 419 23 319 -100
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 - - - -
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 - 293 -320 -27
New assets 134 331 22 800 - 157 132
Assets derecognised -24 159 -6 097 -971 -31 226
Changes in foreign exchange and other changes -7 754 1 887 402 -5 465
Gross carrying amount as at 31.12.25 704 230 229 155 48 927 982 313

Q4 2024:

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total
Gross carrying amount as at 01.10.24 283 747 6 580 3 869 294 195
Transfers in Q4 2024:
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 -8 288 7 997 - -290
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 - - - -
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 322 -349 - -27
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 - -4 003 3 979 -24
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 - - - -
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 - 1 918 -1 990 -72
New assets 146 270 535 - 146 805
Assets derecognised -16 426 - -719 -17 146
Changes in foreign exchange and other changes 39 261 -940 247 38 568
Gross carrying amount as at 31.12.24 444 886 11 738 5 385 462 009
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total
Gross carrying amount as at 01.01.25 444 886 11 738 5 385 462 009
Transfers in 2025:
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 -98 466 103 495 - 5 029
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 -31 468 - 31 799 332
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 - - 8 - - 8
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 - -6 185 4 016 -2 169
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 - - - -
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 - - - -
New assets 446 671 121 658 5 369 573 697
Assets derecognised -97 321 -644 -606 -98 572
Changes in foreign exchange and other changes 39 929 -899 2 965 41 994
Gross carrying amount as at 31.12.25 704 230 229 155 48 927 982 313

{19}------------------------------------------------

RECONCILIATION OF LOAN LOSS ALLOWANCES, BUSINESS LOANS

Q4 2025:

NOK 1000 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total
Expected credit losses as at 01.10.25 6 534 7 763 7 813 22 110
Transfers in Q4 2025: 0 0 0 0
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 -578 1 042 - 464
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 -20 - 282 262
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 849 -941 - -92
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 - -1 261 3 970 2 708
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 - - - -
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 - 15 -51 -36
New assets originated or change in provisions 1 274 313 - 1 587
Assets derecognised or change in provisions -423 -251 -137 -812
Changes in foreign exchange and other changes -311 1 198 3 583 4 470
Expected credit losses as at 31.12.25 7 324 7 877 15 460 30 661

Q4 2024:

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total
Expected credit losses as at 01.10.24 4 037 387 605 5 029
Transfers in Q4 2024:
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 -200 679 - 478
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 - - - -
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 5 -12 - - 7
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 - -244 763 518
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 - - - -
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 - 237 -235 2
New assets originated or change in provisions 1 993 34 - 2 027
Assets derecognised or change in provisions -252 - -85 -337
Changes in foreign exchange and other changes -586 69 367 -150
Expected credit losses as at 31.12.24 4 997 1 148 1 415 7 561
Expected credit losses as at 01.01.25 4 997 1 148 1 415 7 561
Transfers in 2025: - - - -
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 -1 088 3 188 - 2 100
Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 -201 - 6 981 6 780
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 0 - 8 - - 8
Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 - -592 1 323 731
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 - - - -
Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 - - - -
New assets originated or change in provisions 5 199 4 397 802 10 398
Assets derecognised or change in provisions -1 637 -146 -160 -1 942
Changes in foreign exchange and other changes 55 -110 5 098 5 042
Expected credit losses as at 31.12.25 7 324 7 877 15 460 30 661

{20}------------------------------------------------

EXPECTED CREDIT LOSS

Instabank applies the IFRS 9 framework for Expected Credit Loss (ECL) calculations, which is based on a three-stage impairment model. Stage 1 includes exposures with no significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition. Stage 2 comprises exposures for which credit risk has increased significantly since origination, while Stage 3 includes credit-impaired exposures, typically defined as being more than 90 days past due. Staging is determined using a combination of observed credit events, delinquency measures, and model-based estimates of probability of default (PD), exposure at default (EAD), and loss given default (LGD). For Stage 1 exposures, ECL is calculated using a 12 month horizon, whereas Stage 2 and Stage 3 exposures are assessed using a lifetime ECL approach.

SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN CREDIT RISK

Stage 2 consist of exposure where credit risk has significantly increased since origination following several different criterias, including early past due observations (30 - 90 days), current forbereance history and increase in probability of detault (PD) between origination and the reporting date. The latter predictive model employ historical behaviour data in order to predict the probability of default in the next 12 months, where default is defined as 90 days past due. Loans that are more than 90 days past due transfer from Stage 2 to Stage 3. The below table show the trigger thresholds that define a significant increase in PD origination and the reporting date. The thresholds for high and low risk at origination are 4% for Norway Unsecured, 3% for Norway Secured and 7 % for Sweden. In Finland there are three groups with thresholds <5%, >=5% to <12% and >=12% for low, medium and high PD at origination. The thresholds were updated in 2024 due to a new behavior model for secured loans, as well as a recalibration of all of the subgroups. For B2B there is for now one group. The German thresholds are currently set to match the Finnish levels.

Secured Unsecured
Norway Norway Finland Sweden Germany B2B
Low Risk at origination 400% and 6pp increase 650% and 15pp increase 450% and 15pp increase 500% and 23pp increase 450% and 15pp increase
Medium Risk at origination 350% and 20pp increase 350% and 20pp increase 200% or 7pp
High Risk at origination 300% and 8pp increase 400% and 28pp increase 250% and 25pp increase 275% and 30pp increase 250% and 25pp increase increase

MACROECONOMIC INPUT TO ECL MODEL

Instabank performs a quarterly expert assessment of how macroeconomic effects impact the bank's loan loss provisions. This assessment uses data from Moody's Analytics Global Macroeconomic Model (GMM) and takes into account indicators such as the "Unemployment Rate" (Labor Force Survey, %), "Interest Rate" (three-month money market rate), "House Price Index" (nominal index, 2010 = 100) and for Germany specifically, "Consumer Price Index" (Index 2020 = 100) . These indicators are used as inputs for the Loss Committee to determine a macro factor for each product area, which is applied to the calculated loan loss provisions. Climate risk is not considered in this assessment. From Q2-25, the Swedish portfolio follows the Finnish macro change regime owing to its relatively small size.

These indicators have been used as input for determining the macro factor.

{21}------------------------------------------------

Pessimistic scenario Baseline scenario Optimistic scenario
NORWAY 31.12.26 31.12.27 31.12.28 31.12.26 31.12.27 31.12.28 31.12.26 31.12.27 31.12.28
Unemployment Rate 4,8 4,9 4,5 4,3 4,1 3,9 4,2 4,0 3,8
Interest Rate 1,1 1,1 1,2 3,4 3,2 3,2 4,1 3,4 3,2
House Price Index 182,6 193,0 204,1 197,4 209,1 221,1 200,0 213,1 224,9
Pessimistic scenario Baseline scenario Optimistic scenario
FINLAND 31.12.26 31.12.27 31.12.28 31.12.26 31.12.27 31.12.28 31.12.26 31.12.27 31.12.28
Unemployment Rate 10,5 9,8 8,2 8,9 8,2 7,2 8,4 7,7 6,7
Interest Rate 0,7 0,7 0,7 2,2 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4
House Price Index 97,7 100,0 104,0 102,3 103,9 106,4 103,7 105,4 108,0
Pessimistic scenario Baseline scenario Optimistic scenario
GERMANY 31.12.26 31.12.27 31.12.28 31.12.26 31.12.27 31.12.28 31.12.26 31.12.27 31.12.28
Unemployment Rate 7,6 7,0 6,3 6,2 5,7 5,7 5,3 5,1 5,3
Interest Rate 0,5 0,5 0,5 2,1 2,3 2,4 2,3 2,3 2,4
Consumer Price Index 123,1 125,4 127,4 125,0 127,4 129,8 125,7 128,3 130,8

The determined macro factor is then multiplied by the calculated loan loss provision. The following macro factors have been applied as of the balance sheet date.

Secured B2B Unsecured
Factors pr. 31.12.2025 Norway Norway Norway Finland Sweden Germany
Pessimistic Scenario 1,334 1,318 1,289 1,391 1,531 1,352
Baseline Scenario 1,033 1,027 1,009 1,011 1,011 1,002
Optimistic Scenario 1,033 0,973 0,966 0,980 0,990 0,951

ECL SENSITIVITY BETWEEN MACRO SCENARIOS

The weighting of the scenarios is set at [30 % pessimistic - 40 % baseline - 30 % optimistic] for all portfolios. The indicators from the scenarios reflect the probability of the economy performing worse or better than the projection. For the baseline scenario, the probability that the economy performing better or worse than the projection is both equal at 50 % and is thereby the most likely outcome. For the optimistic scenario, there is a 10 % probability that the economy will perform better than projections and 90 % probability that it will perform worse and vice versa for the pessimistic scenario.

Secured B2B Unsecured
NOK 1000 Norway Norway Norway Finland Sweden Germany Total
Pessimistic scenario 61 912 36 059 40 167 126 264 42 398 32 357 339 157
Baseline scenario 52 107 28 916 33 559 91 940 30 285 24 025 260 833
Optimistic scenario 52 107 27 591 32 544 89 140 29 796 22 811 253 989
Final ECL 55 048 30 661 35 237 101 397 33 772 26 161 282 277

{22}------------------------------------------------

Note 3: Operating segments

Instabank categorizes the lending portfolio into three segments, unsecured consumer loans, mortgages in Norway and business lending in Norway. Unsecured consumer loans consist of five lending products: Credit cards in Norway, Finland and Germany and consumer loans in Norway, Finland and Sweden. The three segments represent the Bank's focus and are included in reporting to management and the board. There is no significant differentiation in ongoing monitoring, management, and control within the various business segments. The presentations below are based on internal financial reporting. Segmental results show revenues and costs that are directly attributable to the segments. Interest costs are calculated based on the gross loan volume for each segment and the bank's deposit rates.

Q4 2025:

Unsecured
NOK 1000 consumer loans Mortgages Business lending Not allocated Total
Interest Income effective interest method 110 581 77 613 40 563 -27 228 730
Other interest income 14 901 14 901
Interest expenses 27 163 39 286 9 817 2 934 79 200
Net interest income 83 418 38 327 30 746 11 940 164 430
Income commissions and fees 15 007 1 292 694 -388 16 605
Expenses commissions and fees 1 088 - 1 088
Net commissions & fees 13 919 1 292 694 -388 15 517
Net gains/loss on foreign exchange and securities
classified as current assets - - - -4 474 -4 474
Total income 97 336 39 619 31 440 7 078 175 473
Salary and other personnel expenses 1 811 3 227 1 179 16 000 22 216
Other administrative expenses 23 250 2 404 4 706 8 511 38 871
Other expenses 12 2 706 2 719
Depreciation and amortisation 3 495 3 495
Total operating expenses 25 073 5 631 5 885 30 712 67 302
Losses on loans 41 197 4 989 8 552 - 54 737
Profit before tax 31 067 28 998 17 003 -23 634 53 434
Gross loans to customers 3 805 667 3 708 442 982 313 - 8 496 421
Impairment of loans -196 567 -55 048 -30 661 - -282 277
Net loans to customers 3 609 100 3 653 393 951 651 - 8 214 144

Q4 2024

Total
90 682 19 356 - 177 473
9 662 9 662
29 312 4 280 6 621 72 964
61 370 15 076 3 041 114 172
9 543 455 2 512 13 729
1 289 - 1 289
8 254 455 2 512 12 440
- - - -203 -203
69 624 15 531 5 350 126 409
1 027 1 015 20 905 25 901
10 326 3 222 12 959 28 859
295 2 742 3 037
3 359 3 359
11 647 4 237 39 965 61 157
30 836 2 691 - 32 212
27 140 8 603 -34 615 33 040
3 209 173 462 009 - 6 689 330
-194 175 -7 561 - -236 440
3 014 998 454 448 - 6 452 890
Unsecured
consumer loans
Mortgages Business lending
67 436
32 752
34 685
1 219
1 219
35 904
2 955
2 353
5 307
-1 316
31 912
3 018 148
-34 704
2 983 443
Not allocated

{23}------------------------------------------------

Unsecured
NOK 1000 consumer loans Mortgages Business lending Not allocated Total
Interest Income effective interest method 386 667 297 982 131 387 - 816 036
Other interest income 40 684 40 684
Interest expenses 107 680 151 985 31 385 16 983 308 033
Net interest income 278 987 145 997 100 002 23 701 548 687
Income commissions and fees 51 711 5 148 3 190 1 941 61 990
Expenses commissions and fees 3 734 - 3 734
Net commissions & fees 47 977 5 148 3 190 1 941 58 255
Net gains/loss on foreign exchange and securities
classified as current assets - - - 3 488 3 488
Total income 326 965 151 145 103 192 29 130 610 430
Salary and other personnel expenses 6 191 12 292 4 564 71 149 94 196
Other administrative expenses, of which: 72 465 10 470 16 123 39 669 138 728
Other expenses 758 12 005 12 763
Depreciation and amortisation 13 935 13 935
Total operating expenses 79 414 22 763 20 687 136 758 259 622
Losses on loans 152 744 21 071 23 270 - 197 084
Profit before tax 94 807 107 311 59 235 -107 629 153 724
Gross loans to customers 3 805 667 3 708 442 982 313 - 8 496 421
Impairment of loans -196 567 -55 048 -30 661 - -282 277
Net loans to customers 3 609 100 3 653 393 951 651 - 8 214 144

{24}------------------------------------------------

Note 4: Regulatory capital and LCR

NOK 1000 31.12.2025 31.12.2024
Share capital 452 606 378 262
Share premium 331 094 200 430
Other equity 419 595 377 911
Deferred tax asset/intangible assets/other deductions -35 738 -34 094
Common equity tier 1 capital 1 167 557 922 509
Additional tier 1 capital 145 000 85 000
Core capital 1 312 557 1 007 509
Subordinated loan 190 000 96 000
1 502 557 1 103 509
Total capital
Calculation basis:
Credit risk:
Institutions 70 651 88 020
Corporates 786 916 344 001
Retail 2 653 030 2 150 115
Exposures secured by mortgages 1 446 337 1 043 619
Exposures in default 422 695 364 172
Collective investments undertakings (CIU) 78 480 84 937
Other items 43 744 36 782
Calculation basis credit risk 5 501 853 4 111 646
Calculation basis operational risk 418 635 645 423
Calculation basis cva risk 4 591 4 253
Total calculation basis 5 925 078 4 761 322
Capital ratios:
Common equity Tier 1 Capital ratio 19,7 % 19,4 %
Tier 1 capital ratio 22,2 % 21,2 %
Total capital ratio 25,4 % 23,2 %
Regulatory capital requirements:
Common equity Tier 1 Capital ratio 13,9 % 16,4 %
Tier 1 capital ratio 16,3 % 17,9 %
Total capital ratio 19,5 % 19,9 %
Leverage ratio 13,2 % 12,4 %
LCR Total 355 % 320 %
LCR NOK 409 % 362 %
LCR EUR 122 % 298 %

{25}------------------------------------------------

Note 5: Financial instruments

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AT FAIR VALUE

Level 1: Valuation based on quoted prices in an active market.

Level 2: Valuation is based on observable market data, other than quoted prices. For derivatives the fair value is determined by using valuation models where the price of underlying factors, such as currencies.

Level 3: Valuation based on unobservable market data when valuation cannot be determined in level 1 or 2.

Assets

NOK 1000 31.12.2025 31.12.2024
Certificates and bonds - level 1 1 173 584 1 002 496
Derivatives- level 2 5 151 2 326
Shares and other equity instruments - level 3 6 000 6 000
Liabilities
NOK 1000 31.12.2025 31.12.2024
Derivatives - level 2 1 113 3 029

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AT AMORTIZED COST

Financial instruments at amortized cost are valued at originally determined cash flows, adjusted for any impairment losses.

NOK 1000 31.12.2025 31.12.2024
Loans and deposits with credit institutions 345 974 438 305
Net loans to customers 8 296 583 6 500 203
Other receivables 22 741 15 917
Total financial assets at amortised cost 8 665 297 6 954 425
Deposits from and debt to customers 8 162 315 6 746 553
Other debt 110 983 75 224
Subordinated loans 190 000 96 000
Total financial liabilitiies at amortised cost 8 463 298 6 917 777