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Instabank — Interim / Quarterly Report 2025
Feb 6, 2026
3636_rns_2026-02-06_a52e8dac-b436-4ad2-bef9-4fa598fc52c2.pdf
Interim / Quarterly Report
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Key highlights Q4 2025
Instabank continues to strengthen its position as a profitable and scalable Nordic challenger bank
Record profit after tax
Profit after tax reached a record 47.8 MNOK, an increase of 17.2 MNOK from Q3 2025, positively impacted by year-end tax adjustments and a net positive effect from the sale of NPLs
Strong income growth and cost discipline
Strong lending growth drove solid income development in the quarter, while disciplined cost control resulted in a cost-to-income ratio of 38%.
Strong underlying lending growth
Gross lending increased by 571 MNOK, adjusted for the successful sale of NPLs totaling 301 MNOK
Well positioned for accelerating growth in 2026
Following the successful capital raise of 205 MNOK, Instabank is well positioned to achieve lending growth of 3,000–3,500 MNOK in 2026
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The Nordic game changer
About Instabank ASA
Founded in 2016, Instabank is a fully digital, Nordic challenger bank committed to transforming traditional banking. With a focus on simplicity, accessibility, and innovation, we deliver tailored financial solutions to private and corporate customers. From flexible loans and savings products to user-friendly credit cards and insurance offerings, our mission is to remove barriers and redefine the banking experience.
Instabank operates in Norway, Finland, Germany and Sweden, offering competitive savings, insurance, credit cards, mortgages, and unsecured loan products to consumers and small and medium-sized businesses.
The bank's products and services are distributed primarily through agents, other digital platforms like social media and its website and mobile app.
Instabank is a proud sponsor of the Norwegian Athletics Federation.
Instabank has 54 full-time and 10 parttime employees.
At the end of Q4 2025, the bank had 137,940 customers, of which 85,617 lending customers and 52,323 deposit customers.
Instabank is admitted to trading at Euronext Growth at Oslo Børs, ticker INSTA.

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Operational Developments
Instabank continued to benefit from a well-diversified business model, delivering growth across its priority products and segments. Mortgages and Business Lending remain the most profitable segments, while Credit Cards in Germany offer the highest growth and long-term profit potential. This diversification supports accelerated growth and improves profitability and return on equity
571 MNOK
Quarterly adjusted lending growth
In the fourth quarter, Instabank achieved growth in gross lending of 271 MNOK. Instabank successfully sold nonperforming loans (NPLs) in Norway and Finland, amounting to 301 MNOK in the quarter, resulting in a positive P&L impact. Adjusted for NPL sales, gross loans grew by 571 MNOK, marking a record-high organic growth rate.
Growth total gross loans (MNOK):

The unsecured consumer lending segment experienced growth of 73 MNOK, or 374 MNOK when adjusted for non-performing loan (NPL) sales.
In Germany, the credit card lending volume increased by 140 MNOK, reaching a total of 428 MNOK by the end of the quarter. Launched in 2025, the German credit card holds significant growth potential in Europe's largest banking market. After nine months of operation, we have optimized our distribution and operations and are now prepared to accelerate growth in 2026. Our AI-driven customer service allows us to assist customers effectively through both verbal and written communication, ensuring a highly scalable and competitive operation in Germany. The introduction of credit cards marks a significant shift for Instabank, as we expand our unsecured consumer lending offerings from traditional consumer loans to credit cards. The Instabank Visa card is currently available in three countries: Norway, Germany, and Finland.
The mortgages segment returned to growth in the fourth quarter, increasing by 73 MNOK to 3,708 MNOK in gross lending at quarter-end.
44 %
Mortgages share of total lending
The segment delivers strong profitability, driven by attractive yields, low risk, and lower capital allocation than other lending products
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The Business lending segment continued to grow in the quarter, with gross lending increasing by 125 MNOK to 982 MNOK, accounting for 12 % of total lending. The segment has delivered the highest profitability among Instabank's segments, supported by high yields and low credit losses.
12 %
Business lending share of total lending
Average loan yields were 17.5 % in the quarter, while loan losses remained relatively low at 3.7 %. Given an underserved market and a scalable operating platform, Instabank sees continued growth potential in the segment.
Profit and Loss
Instabank reported a record-high profit before tax of 53.4 MNOK in the fourth quarter, an increase of 12.9 MNOK compared with the previous quarter.
53.4 MNOK
Profit before tax Q4 2025
The increase in profitability was driven by strong lending growth during the quarter and improved net interest income. Total interest income increased by 20.1 MNOK from the previous quarter to 243.6 MNOK in Q4 2025. Interest expenses amounted to 79.2 MNOK, down 0.3 MNOK from the previous quarter, reflecting continued stable funding conditions and a reduction in funding costs of 0.1 percentage points.
+ 14 %
Quarterly growth in net interest income
Net interest income rose to 164.4 MNOK, an increase of 20.4 MNOK, or 14%, compared with the previous quarter.
The net other income for the quarter was 11.0 MNOK, a decrease of 1.2 MNOK compared to the previous quarter.
Total income in Q4 2025 was 175.5 MNOK, an increase of 19.1 MNOK from the previous quarter.
Operating expenses reached 67.3 MNOK, an increase of 1.2 MNOK from the previous quarter. The cost-to-income ratio decreased by 4 % points to 38 %, due to economies of scale.
Loan losses amounted to 54.7 MNOK or 2.6 %1 , representing an increase of 5.0 MNOK/ +0.1 % points from the previous quarter. The sale of NPLs in the quarter had a positive impact on the loan losses amount.
Profits before tax were 53.4 MNOK, and profit after tax was 47.8 MNOK, representing a return on equity of 17.1 %. The tax expenses were positively impacted by the year-end tax calculations.
1 Loan losses (annualised) divided by average gross loans in the period
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Balance Sheet
Gross loans to customers increased by 271 MNOK in the quarter to 8,496 MNOK at the end of the quarter.
Deposits from customers decreased by 101 MNOK in the quarter to 8.162 MNOK at the end of the quarter.
Total assets at the end of Q4 2025 were 9,891 MNOK.
Regulatory capital
In the fourth quarter, Instabank successfully completed a private placement, a retail offering via PrimaryBid, and a subsequent offering, raising total net proceeds of 205 MNOK. The capital increase strengthened the Instabank's capital ratios and significantly enhanced its growth capacity.
At the end of the quarter, the Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (CET1) ratio was 19.7 %, 3.7 % points above the regulatory capital requirement including the expected capital buffer (P2G) of 2 %. The total capital ratio was 25.4 %, 3.8 % points above the total regulatory capital requirement including P2G buffer.
Instabank proudly paid its first dividend for 2024 — a key milestone reflecting both solid profitability and confidence in sustained earnings capacity. The expected dividends for 2025 have been deducted from the calculation of CET1 capital.
Strategic Move Towards Europe
Instabank's application process for a banking license in Finland is ongoing. The application was submitted in the second quarter to the Finnish Financial Supervisory Authority (FSA) by the Company's wholly owned subsidiary, Instafin Oy ("Instabank Finland").
By applying for a banking license in Finland, Instabank aims to operate within a European regulatory framework, supporting a more competitive and scalable banking platform. Finland's regulatory stability and alignment with EU banking standards continue to make it a well-suited jurisdiction for Instabank's long-term strategy of scaling across European markets.
To prepare for a potential transition, the boards of directors of Instabank ASA and Instabank Finland have approved a merger plan to merge Instabank ASA into Instabank Finland, with Instabank Finland as the surviving entity. Upon completion of the merger, Instabank Finland would assume all assets, rights, and obligations of Instabank ASA, which would be dissolved as a legal entity.
The implementation of the merger remains conditional upon the Finnish Financial Supervisory Authority granting the banking license and other required approvals. While the licensing process has taken longer than initially anticipated, the dialogue with the FSA has been constructive, and no material issues have been raised. The process also requires approval by the European Central Bank (ECB), and as this is the first time the FSA and the ECB are jointly reviewing such an application, coordination between the authorities has contributed to a longer timeline than initially expected, despite a good and ongoing dialogue. Instabank continues to evaluate its strategic options in parallel, while maintaining its focus on the Finnish licensing process.
The timing of the conclusion of the application process remains subject to regulatory review.
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Outlook
Instabank enters 2026 from a position of strength. Following the successful capital increase in the fourth quarter 2025, the bank is well-capitalized to pursue ambitious yet sustainable growth across its core markets.
We target lending growth in the range of 3,000-3,500 MNOK for 2026, reflecting continued expansion in consumer finance, business lending, and the German credit card portfolio. Profit after tax for 2026 is expected to increase significantly from 2025 because of the growth in lending and a scalable operation. We anticipate profit after tax for 2026 to be in the range of 160 MNOK to 185 MNOK.
The ongoing Finnish banking license process marks a decisive step toward establishing a pan-Nordic banking platform under EU regulation. This transformation will enhance scalability, competitiveness, and capital efficiency.
Instabank's continued investment in AI and automation across customer service, underwriting, and operations strengthens both efficiency and customer experience.
Instabank's strategy remains clear: profitable growth, technological leadership, and European expansion.
Other information
The result after tax is added to retained earnings in full.
The figures presented are not audited by the bank's external auditor.
Oslo, February 5th, 2026
Board of Directors, Instabank ASA
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Condensed statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income:
| NOK 1000 | Note | Q4-2025 | Q4-2024 | YTD 2025 | YTD 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interest Income effective interest method | 3 | 228 730 | 177 473 | 816 036 | 686 833 |
| Other interest income | 14 901 | 9 662 | 40 684 | 35 516 | |
| Interest expenses | 3 | 79 200 | 72 964 | 308 033 | 295 495 |
| Net interest income | 164 430 | 114 172 | 548 687 | 426 855 | |
| Income commissions and fees | 16 605 | 13 729 | 61 990 | 52 428 | |
| Expenses commissions and fees | 1 088 | 1 289 | 3 734 | 5 463 | |
| Net gains/loss on foreign exchange and securities | |||||
| classified as current assets | -4 474 | -203 | 3 488 | 18 360 | |
| Net other income | 11 043 | 12 237 | 61 743 | 65 325 | |
| Total income | 175 473 | 126 409 | 610 430 | 492 179 | |
| Salary and other personnel expenses | 22 216 | 25 901 | 94 196 | 86 533 | |
| Other administrative expenses, of which: | 38 871 | 28 859 | 138 728 | 96 932 | |
| - direct marketing cost | 9 621 | 6 041 | 34 268 | 21 617 | |
| Other expenses | 2 719 | 3 037 | 12 763 | 9 949 | |
| Depreciation and amortisation | 3 495 | 3 359 | 13 935 | 13 002 | |
| Total operating expenses | 67 302 | 61 157 | 259 622 | 206 416 | |
| Losses on loans | 2, 3 | 54 737 | 32 212 | 197 084 | 157 315 |
| Profit before tax | 53 434 | 33 040 | 153 724 | 128 448 | |
| Tax expenses | 5 866 | 6 472 | 30 938 | 30 325 | |
| Profit and other comprehensive income for the period | 47 568 | 26 568 | 122 786 | 98 124 | |
| Earnings per share (NOK) | 0,11 | 0,07 | 0,20 | 0,26 | |
| Diluted earnings per share (NOK) | 0,10 | 0,07 | 0,19 | 0,25 |
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Condensed statement of financial position:
| NOK 1000 | Note | 31.12.2025 | 31.12.2024 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Loans and deposits with credit institutions | 5 | 345 974 | 438 305 |
| Loans to customers | 2, 3, 5 | 8 296 583 | 6 500 203 |
| Certificates and bonds | 5 | 1 173 584 | 1 002 496 |
| Derivatives | 5 151 | 2 326 | |
| Shares and other equity instruments | 6 000 | 6 000 | |
| Other intangible assets | 31 425 | 30 668 | |
| Fixed assets | 9 852 | 12 539 | |
| Deferred tax assets | 0 | 0 | |
| Other receivables | 5 | 22 741 | 15 917 |
| Total assets | 9 891 310 | 8 008 454 | |
| Deposit from and debt to customers | 5 | 8 162 315 | 6 746 553 |
| Other debts | 80 523 | 55 039 | |
| Accrued expenses and liabilities | 31 807 | 37 790 | |
| Derivatives | 1 113 | 3 029 | |
| Deferred tax | 8 734 | 8 256 | |
| Tax payable | 30 461 | 20 186 | |
| Subordinated loan capital | 4, 5 | 190 000 | 96 000 |
| Total liabilities | 8 504 952 | 6 966 852 | |
| Share capital | 4 | 452 606 | 378 262 |
| Share premium reserve | 4 | 331 094 | 200 430 |
| Retained earnings | 4 | 457 658 | 377 911 |
| Additional Tier 1 capital | 4 | 145 000 | 85 000 |
| Total equity | 1 386 358 | 1 041 603 | |
| Total liabilities and equity | 9 891 310 | 8 008 454 |
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Statement of changes in equity:
| Retained | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| earnings | |||||
| Share | Share | Tier 1 | and other | Total | |
| NOK 1000 | capital | premium | capital | reserves | equity |
| Equity per 01.01.2024 | 378 262 | 200 430 | 80 900 | 288 547 | 948 139 |
| Capital issuanse | - | ||||
| Tier 1 capital issued | 20 000 | 20 000 | |||
| Tier 1 capital settled | -15 900 | -15 900 | |||
| Profit for the period | 98 124 | 98 124 | |||
| Changes in equity due to share option programs | 1 985 | 1 985 | |||
| Paid interest on Tier 1 Capital | -10 745 | -10 745 | |||
| Equity per 31.12.2024 | 378 262 | 200 430 | 85 000 | 377 911 | 1 041 603 |
| Equity per 01.01.2025 | 378 262 | 200 430 | 85 000 | 377 911 | 1 041 603 |
| Capital issuanse | 74 345 | 130 664 | 205 008 | ||
| Profit for the period | 122 786 | 122 786 | |||
| Dividend paid out | -30 261 | -30 261 | |||
| Changes in equity due to share option programs | 1 965 | 1 965 | |||
| Paid interest on Tier 1 Capital | -14 742 | -14 742 | |||
| Additional Tier 1 capital issued | 60 000 | 60 000 | |||
| Equity per 31.12.2025 | 452 606 | 331 094 | 145 000 | 457 658 | 1 386 358 |
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Notes
Note 1: General accounting principles
The interim report is prepared in accordance with chapter 8 in regulations for annual accounts of banks, credit companies and financial institutions, which means interim financial statement in accordance with IAS 34 and those exceptions included in the regulations for annual accounts of banks, credit companies and financial institutions, as presentation of statement of cashflows. For further information, see note 1 accounting principles in the annual report of 2024. The interim report was approved by the board of directors on February 5th, 2026.
Note 2: Loans to customers
GROSS AND NET LENDING;
| NOK 1000 | 31.12.2025 | 31.12.2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Unsecured consumer loans | 3 805 667 | 3 209 173 |
| Mortgages | 3 708 442 | 3 018 148 |
| Business loans | 982 313 | 462 009 |
| Prepaid agent commission | 176 265 | 135 603 |
| Establishment fees | -93 827 | -88 291 |
| Gross lending | 8 578 860 | 6 736 643 |
| Impairment of loans | -282 277 | -236 440 |
| Net loans to customers | 8 296 583 | 6 500 203 |
CREDIT IMPAIRED AND LOSSES:
| NOK 1000 | 31.12.2025 | 31.12.2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Gross credit impaired loans (stage 3) | 613 290 | 540 754 |
| Impairment of credit impaired loans (stage 3) | -188 946 | -167 003 |
| Net credit impaired loans | 424 344 | 373 752 |
Gross credit impaired loans are loans which are more than 90 days in arrear in relation to the agreed payment schedule.
AGEING OF LOANS:
| NOK 1000 | 31.12.2025 | 31.12.2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Loans not past due | 6 370 785 | 4 891 903 |
| Past due 1-30 days | 1 073 466 | 891 014 |
| Past due 31-60 days | 378 039 | 322 679 |
| Past due 61-90 days | 73 564 | 53 274 |
| Past due 91+ days | 600 567 | 530 461 |
| Total | 8 496 421 | 6 689 330 |
| 31.12.2025 | 31.12.2024 | |
| Loans not past due | 75,0 % | 73,1 % |
| Past due 1-30 days | 12,6 % | 13,3 % |
| Past due 31-60 days | 4,4 % | 4,8 % |
| Past due 61-90 days | 0,9 % | 0,8 % |
| Past due 91+ days | 7,1 % | 7,9 % |
| Total | 100,0 % | 100,0 % |
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GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION:
| NOK 1000 | 31.12.2025 | 31.12.2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Norway | 5 764 617 | 4 820 592 |
| Finland | 2 224 952 | 1 789 237 |
| Sweden | 78 462 | 79 501 |
| Germany | 428 390 | 0 |
| Gross lending excl. prepaid agent provisions and establishment fees | 8 496 421 | 6 689 330 |
LOAN LOSS PROVISIONS IN THE PERIOD:
| NOK 1000 | Q4-2025 | Q4-2024 | YTD 2025 | YTD 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Loan loss provisions stage 1 | -242 | 2 200 | -8 000 | 2 536 |
| Loan loss provisions stage 2 | -5 191 | -4 048 | -15 472 | -3 128 |
| Loan loss provisions stage 3 | 74 929 | -22 480 | -40 953 | 85 099 |
| Total loan loss provisions in the period | 69 497 | -24 327 | -64 424 | 84 507 |
| Realised losses in the period | -124 234 | -7 885 | -132 660 | -241 822 |
| Losses on loans in the period | -54 737 | -32 212 | -197 084 | -157 315 |
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RECONCILIATION OF GROSS LENDING TO CUSTOMERS, TOTAL LOANS
Q4 2025:
| NOK 1000 | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross carrying amount as at 01.10.25 | 6 055 588 | 1 390 481 | 780 165 | 8 226 235 |
| Transfers in Q4 2025: | ||||
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 | -545 864 | 551 354 | - | 5 490 |
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 | -19 597 | - | 20 455 | 857 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 | 234 139 | -241 467 | - | -7 328 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 | - | -156 850 | 156 641 | -209 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 | 259 | - | -294 | -35 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 | - | 2 435 | -6 475 | -4 041 |
| New assets | 1 130 538 | 128 769 | 1 630 | 1 260 937 |
| Assets derecognised | -537 540 | -106 974 | -308 807 | -953 321 |
| Changes in foreign exchange and other changes | 9 600 | -11 739 | -30 026 | -32 165 |
| Gross carrying amount as at 31.12.25 | 6 327 123 | 1 556 009 | 613 290 | 8 496 421 |
Q4 2024:
| Gross carrying amount as at 01.10.24 | 5 171 589 | 858 499 | 486 760 | 6 516 848 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transfers in Q4 2024: | ||||
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 | -521 218 | 517 803 | - | -3 416 |
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 | -14 274 | - | 14 586 | 312 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 | 133 052 | -138 827 | - | -5 776 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 | - | -94 287 | 94 092 | -195 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 | - | 6 644 | -6 560 | 84 |
| New assets | 750 887 | 38 873 | 215 | 789 975 |
| Assets derecognised | -514 025 | -79 069 | -53 455 | -646 550 |
| Changes in foreign exchange and other changes | 33 314 | -413 | 5 147 | 38 048 |
| Gross carrying amount as at 31.12.24 | 5 039 324 | 1 109 222 | 540 784 | 6 689 330 |
| Gross carrying amount as at 01.01.25 | 5 039 353 | 1 109 222 | 540 754 | 6 689 330 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transfers in 2025: | ||||
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 | -414 849 | 403 879 | - | -10 970 |
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 | -152 131 | - | 152 191 | 60 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 | 169 961 | -189 881 | - | -19 921 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 | - | -163 771 | 149 327 | -14 444 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 | 43 | - | -47 | - 4 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 | - | 1 977 | -5 325 | -3 348 |
| New assets | 3 480 797 | 762 439 | 119 959 | 4 363 195 |
| Assets derecognised | -1 580 160 | -353 034 | -326 296 | -2 259 490 |
| Changes in foreign exchange and other changes | -215 891 | -14 821 | -17 275 | -247 987 |
| Gross carrying amount as at 31.12.25 | 6 327 123 | 1 556 009 | 613 290 | 8 496 421 |
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RECONCILIATION OF LOAN LOSS ALLOWANCES, TOTAL LOANS
Q4 2025:
| NOK 1000 | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Expected credit losses as at 01.10.25 | 35 623 | 51 623 | 283 300 | 370 546 |
| Transfers in Q4 2025: | ||||
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 | -4 320 | 21 107 | - | 16 788 |
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 | -558 | - | 5 604 | 5 046 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 | 2 309 | -7 222 | - | -4 914 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 | - | -12 544 | 30 422 | 17 878 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 | 7 | - | -134 | -127 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 | - | 206 | -1 372 | -1 167 |
| New assets originated or change in provisions | 6 312 | 4 104 | 179 | 10 595 |
| Assets derecognised or change in provisions | -2 150 | -2 100 | -132 387 | -136 636 |
| Changes in foreign exchange and other changes | -1 114 | 2 047 | 3 334 | 4 267 |
| Expected credit losses as at 31.12.25 | 36 110 | 57 221 | 188 946 | 282 277 |
Q4 2024:
| Expected credit losses as at 01.10.24 | 30 096 | 37 415 | 144 728 | 212 238 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transfers in Q4 2024: | - | - | - | - |
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 | -4 571 | 17 180 | - | 12 609 |
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 | -405 | - | 2 914 | 2 509 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 | 1 251 | -4 762 | - | -3 511 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 | - | -7 708 | 16 349 | 8 641 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 | 1 | - | -14 | -13 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 | - | 514 | -1 245 | -730 |
| New assets originated or change in provisions | 4 018 | 1 174 | 71 | 5 262 |
| Assets derecognised or change in provisions | -1 780 | -2 426 | -1 049 | -5 255 |
| Changes in foreign exchange and other changes | -669 | 111 | 5 248 | 4 690 |
| Expected credit losses as at 31.12.24 | 27 940 | 41 497 | 167 003 | 236 440 |
| Expected credit losses as at 01.01.25 | 27 940 | 41 497 | 167 003 | 236 440 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transfers in 2025: | ||||
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 | -3 668 | 15 483 | - | 11 815 |
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 | -1 638 | - | 34 668 | 33 030 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 | 1 311 | -7 363 | - | -6 051 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 | - | -8 565 | 31 121 | 22 556 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 | 1 | - | -25 | -24 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 | - | 97 | -1 080 | -983 |
| New assets originated or change in provisions | 22 468 | 27 978 | 28 764 | 79 210 |
| Assets derecognised or change in provisions | -7 085 | -10 881 | -96 022 | -113 988 |
| Changes in foreign exchange and other changes | -3 218 | -1 026 | 24 516 | 20 272 |
| Expected credit losses as at 31.12.25 | 36 110 | 57 221 | 188 946 | 282 277 |
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RECONCILIATION OF GROSS LENDING TO CUSTOMERS, UNSECURED CONSUMER LOANS
Q4 2025:
| NOK 1000 | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross carrying amount as at 01.10.25 | 2 774 295 | 440 150 | 517 828 | 3 732 273 |
| Transfers in Q4 2025: | ||||
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 | -196 024 | 199 599 | - | 3 575 |
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 | -17 030 | - | 17 425 | 396 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 | 74 973 | -80 026 | - | -5 053 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 | - | -88 858 | 88 977 | 119 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 | 259 | - | -294 | -35 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 | - | 1 365 | -2 410 | -1 046 |
| New assets | 545 378 | 38 271 | 297 | 583 946 |
| Assets derecognised | -204 362 | -17 905 | -294 321 | -516 588 |
| Changes in foreign exchange and other changes | 34 373 | -6 252 | -20 041 | 8 081 |
| Gross carrying amount as at 31.12.25 | 3 011 861 | 486 345 | 307 461 | 3 805 667 |
Q4 2024:
| Gross carrying amount as at 01.10.24 | 2 625 195 | 359 006 | 276 015 | 3 260 215 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transfers in Q4 2024: | ||||
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 | -190 364 | 189 823 | - | -541 |
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 | -13 153 | - | 13 465 | 312 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 | 53 788 | -58 284 | - | -4 495 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 | - | -65 822 | 65 832 | 10 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 | - | 2 796 | -2 652 | 144 |
| New assets | 242 747 | 13 107 | 215 | 256 069 |
| Assets derecognised | -268 736 | -20 457 | -11 072 | -300 266 |
| Changes in foreign exchange and other changes | -6 998 | 527 | 4 197 | -2 274 |
| Gross carrying amount as at 31.12.24 | 2 442 478 | 420 696 | 345 999 | 3 209 173 |
| Gross carrying amount as at 01.01.25 2 442 508 420 696 345 970 Transfers in 2025: Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 -144 047 137 082 - Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 -86 997 87 807 - Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 79 281 -92 310 - Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 -77 255 74 315 - Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 43 -47 - Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 1 523 -1 811 - New assets 1 578 903 215 146 82 319 Assets derecognised -646 378 -108 440 -280 148 Changes in foreign exchange and other changes -211 452 -10 098 -944 Gross carrying amount as at 31.12.25 3 011 861 486 345 307 461 3 805 667 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 209 173 | |||
| -6 965 | |||
| 811 | |||
| -13 028 | |||
| -2 941 | |||
| - 4 | |||
| -288 | |||
| 1 876 368 | |||
| -1 034 965 | |||
| -222 494 | |||
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RECONCILIATION OF LOAN LOSS ALLOWANCES, UNSECURED CONSUMER LOANS
Q4 2025:
| NOK 1000 | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Expected credit losses as at 01.10.25 | 27 286 | 39 906 | 231 185 | 298 377 |
| Transfers in Q4 2025: | ||||
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 | -3 499 | 19 029 | - | 15 530 |
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 | -537 | - | 5 316 | 4 778 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 | 1 361 | -5 771 | - | -4 410 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 | - | -10 981 | 25 162 | 14 181 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 | 7 | - | -134 | -127 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 | - | 188 | -863 | -675 |
| New assets originated or change in provisions | 4 938 | 3 580 | 169 | 8 687 |
| Assets derecognised or change in provisions | -1 520 | -1 434 | -131 655 | -134 609 |
| Changes in foreign exchange and other changes | 115 | 1 909 | -7 190 | -5 166 |
| Expected credit losses as at 31.12.25 | 28 151 | 46 427 | 121 989 | 196 567 |
Q4 2024:
| Expected credit losses as at 01.10.24 | 24 739 | 33 056 | 113 394 | 171 189 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transfers in Q4 2024: | ||||
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 | -3 942 | 14 696 | - | 10 754 |
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 | -403 | - | 2 901 | 2 499 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 | 1 155 | -4 187 | - | -3 032 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 | - | -7 294 | 14 894 | 7 599 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 | 1 | - | -14 | -13 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 | - | 260 | -905 | -645 |
| New assets originated or change in provisions | 1 768 | 1 016 | 71 | 2 855 |
| Assets derecognised or change in provisions | -1 883 | -1 357 | 2 071 | -1 169 |
| Changes in foreign exchange and other changes | -83 | 42 | 4 178 | 4 137 |
| Expected credit losses as at 31.12.24 | 21 352 | 36 232 | 136 591 | 194 175 |
| Expected credit losses as at 01.01.25 | 21 352 | 36 232 | 136 591 | 194 175 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transfers in 2025: | ||||
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 | -2 422 | 11 688 | - | 9 266 |
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 | -1 406 | - | 26 085 | 24 680 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 | 1 237 | -6 809 | - | -5 572 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 | - | -7 474 | 24 266 | 16 792 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 | 1 | - | -25 | -24 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 | - | 95 | -886 | -791 |
| New assets originated or change in provisions | 16 942 | 22 204 | 26 978 | 66 124 |
| Assets derecognised or change in provisions | -4 814 | -9 305 | -91 600 | -105 719 |
| Changes in foreign exchange and other changes | -2 739 | -204 | 579 | -2 364 |
| Expected credit losses as at 31.12.25 | 28 151 | 46 427 | 121 989 | 196 567 |
{16}------------------------------------------------
RECONCILIATION OF GROSS LENDING TO CUSTOMERS, MORTGAGES
Q4 2025:
| NOK 1000 | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross carrying amount as at 01.10.25 | 2 694 820 | 703 434 | 238 160 | 3 636 414 |
| Transfers in Q4 2025: | ||||
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 | -304 467 | 304 138 | - | -329 |
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 | -725 | - | 710 | -16 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 | 96 612 | -100 615 | - | -4 003 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 | - | -44 574 | 44 346 | -228 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 | - | 777 | -3 745 | -2 968 |
| New assets | 450 829 | 67 698 | 1 333 | 519 860 |
| Assets derecognised | -309 019 | -82 973 | -13 515 | -405 506 |
| Changes in foreign exchange and other changes | -17 019 | -7 375 | -10 387 | -34 782 |
| Gross carrying amount as at 31.12.25 | 2 611 031 | 840 509 | 256 901 | 3 708 442 |
Q4 2024:
| Gross carrying amount as at 01.10.24 | 2 262 647 | 492 914 | 206 876 | 2 962 437 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transfers in Q4 2024: | ||||
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 | -322 566 | 319 982 | - | -2 584 |
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 | -1 121 | - | 1 121 | - |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 | 78 941 | -80 195 | - | -1 253 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 | - | -24 462 | 24 281 | -181 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 | - | 1 929 | -1 917 | 12 |
| New assets | 361 870 | 25 231 | - | 387 101 |
| Assets derecognised | -228 863 | -58 612 | -41 664 | -329 138 |
| Changes in foreign exchange and other changes | 1 051 | - | 703 | 1 754 |
| Gross carrying amount as at 31.12.24 | 2 151 960 | 676 788 | 189 399 | 3 018 148 |
| Gross carrying amount as at 01.01.25 | 2 151 960 | 676 788 | 189 399 | 3 018 148 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transfers in 2025: | ||||
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 | -172 336 | 163 301 | - | -9 035 |
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 | -33 667 | - | 32 584 | -1 082 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 | 90 679 | -97 564 | - | -6 885 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 | - | -80 331 | 70 997 | -9 334 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 | - | 454 | -3 513 | -3 059 |
| New assets | 1 455 223 | 425 634 | 32 271 | 1 913 129 |
| Assets derecognised | -836 461 | -243 950 | -45 542 | -1 125 953 |
| Changes in foreign exchange and other changes | -44 368 | -3 824 | -19 296 | -67 487 |
| Gross carrying amount as at 31.12.25 | 2 611 031 | 840 509 | 256 901 | 3 708 442 |
{17}------------------------------------------------
RECONCILIATION OF LOAN LOSS ALLOWANCES, MORTGAGES
Q4 2025:
| NOK 1000 | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Expected credit losses as at 01.10.25 | 1 804 | 3 954 | 44 302 | 50 059 |
| Transfers in Q4 2025: | ||||
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 | -242 | 1 036 | - | 793 |
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 | - 0 | - | 6 | 6 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 | 99 | -510 | - | -411 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 | - | -302 | 1 291 | 989 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 | - | 2 | -458 | -456 |
| New assets originated or change in provisions | 100 | 211 | 10 | 321 |
| Assets derecognised or change in provisions | -207 | -415 | -594 | -1 216 |
| Changes in foreign exchange and other changes | -919 | -1 060 | 6 941 | 4 963 |
| Expected credit losses as at 31.12.25 | 635 | 2 917 | 51 497 | 55 048 |
Q4 2024:
| Expected credit losses as at 01.10.24 | 1 320 | 3 972 | 30 728 | 36 020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transfers in Q4 2024: | ||||
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 | -429 | 1 806 | - | 1 377 |
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 | - 2 | - | 12 | 10 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 | 91 | -563 | - | -473 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 | - | -170 | 693 | 523 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 | - | 18 | -105 | -87 |
| New assets originated or change in provisions | 257 | 124 | - | 380 |
| Assets derecognised or change in provisions | 356 | -1 069 | -3 036 | -3 749 |
| Changes in foreign exchange and other changes | - | - | 703 | 703 |
| Expected credit losses as at 31.12.24 | 1 592 | 4 117 | 28 996 | 34 704 |
| Expected credit losses as at 01.01.25 | 1 592 | 4 117 | 28 996 | 34 704 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transfers in 2025: | ||||
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 | -158 | 607 | - | 449 |
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 | -31 | - | 1 601 | 1 570 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 | 74 | -545 | - | -471 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 | - | -499 | 5 532 | 5 033 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 | - | 3 | -194 | -192 |
| New assets originated or change in provisions | 327 | 1 377 | 984 | 2 688 |
| Assets derecognised or change in provisions | -634 | -1 430 | -4 262 | -6 326 |
| Changes in foreign exchange and other changes | -534 | -712 | 18 839 | 17 593 |
| Expected credit losses as at 31.12.25 | 635 | 2 917 | 51 497 | 55 048 |
{18}------------------------------------------------
RECONCILIATION OF GROSS LENDING TO CUSTOMERS, BUSINESS LOANS
Q4 2025:
| NOK 1000 | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross carrying amount as at 01.10.25 | 586 473 | 246 897 | 24 178 | 857 548 |
| Transfers in Q4 2025: | ||||
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 | -45 373 | 47 618 | - | 2 245 |
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 | -1 842 | - | 2 320 | 477 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 | 62 554 | -60 826 | - | 1 728 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 | - | -23 419 | 23 319 | -100 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 | - | 293 | -320 | -27 |
| New assets | 134 331 | 22 800 | - | 157 132 |
| Assets derecognised | -24 159 | -6 097 | -971 | -31 226 |
| Changes in foreign exchange and other changes | -7 754 | 1 887 | 402 | -5 465 |
| Gross carrying amount as at 31.12.25 | 704 230 | 229 155 | 48 927 | 982 313 |
Q4 2024:
| Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross carrying amount as at 01.10.24 | 283 747 | 6 580 | 3 869 | 294 195 |
| Transfers in Q4 2024: | ||||
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 | -8 288 | 7 997 | - | -290 |
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 | - | - | - | - |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 | 322 | -349 | - | -27 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 | - | -4 003 | 3 979 | -24 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 | - | 1 918 | -1 990 | -72 |
| New assets | 146 270 | 535 | - | 146 805 |
| Assets derecognised | -16 426 | - | -719 | -17 146 |
| Changes in foreign exchange and other changes | 39 261 | -940 | 247 | 38 568 |
| Gross carrying amount as at 31.12.24 | 444 886 | 11 738 | 5 385 | 462 009 |
| Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross carrying amount as at 01.01.25 | 444 886 | 11 738 | 5 385 | 462 009 |
| Transfers in 2025: | ||||
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 | -98 466 | 103 495 | - | 5 029 |
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 | -31 468 | - | 31 799 | 332 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 | - | - 8 | - | - 8 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 | - | -6 185 | 4 016 | -2 169 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 | - | - | - | - |
| New assets | 446 671 | 121 658 | 5 369 | 573 697 |
| Assets derecognised | -97 321 | -644 | -606 | -98 572 |
| Changes in foreign exchange and other changes | 39 929 | -899 | 2 965 | 41 994 |
| Gross carrying amount as at 31.12.25 | 704 230 | 229 155 | 48 927 | 982 313 |
{19}------------------------------------------------
RECONCILIATION OF LOAN LOSS ALLOWANCES, BUSINESS LOANS
Q4 2025:
| NOK 1000 | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Expected credit losses as at 01.10.25 | 6 534 | 7 763 | 7 813 | 22 110 |
| Transfers in Q4 2025: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 | -578 | 1 042 | - | 464 |
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 | -20 | - | 282 | 262 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 | 849 | -941 | - | -92 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 | - | -1 261 | 3 970 | 2 708 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 | - | 15 | -51 | -36 |
| New assets originated or change in provisions | 1 274 | 313 | - | 1 587 |
| Assets derecognised or change in provisions | -423 | -251 | -137 | -812 |
| Changes in foreign exchange and other changes | -311 | 1 198 | 3 583 | 4 470 |
| Expected credit losses as at 31.12.25 | 7 324 | 7 877 | 15 460 | 30 661 |
Q4 2024:
| Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Expected credit losses as at 01.10.24 | 4 037 | 387 | 605 | 5 029 |
| Transfers in Q4 2024: | ||||
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 | -200 | 679 | - | 478 |
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 | - | - | - | - |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 | 5 | -12 | - | - 7 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 | - | -244 | 763 | 518 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 | - | 237 | -235 | 2 |
| New assets originated or change in provisions | 1 993 | 34 | - | 2 027 |
| Assets derecognised or change in provisions | -252 | - | -85 | -337 |
| Changes in foreign exchange and other changes | -586 | 69 | 367 | -150 |
| Expected credit losses as at 31.12.24 | 4 997 | 1 148 | 1 415 | 7 561 |
| Expected credit losses as at 01.01.25 | 4 997 | 1 148 | 1 415 | 7 561 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transfers in 2025: | - | - | - | - |
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 2 | -1 088 | 3 188 | - | 2 100 |
| Transfer from stage 1 to stage 3 | -201 | - | 6 981 | 6 780 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 1 | 0 | - 8 | - | - 8 |
| Transfer from stage 2 to stage 3 | - | -592 | 1 323 | 731 |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Transfer from stage 3 to stage 2 | - | - | - | - |
| New assets originated or change in provisions | 5 199 | 4 397 | 802 | 10 398 |
| Assets derecognised or change in provisions | -1 637 | -146 | -160 | -1 942 |
| Changes in foreign exchange and other changes | 55 | -110 | 5 098 | 5 042 |
| Expected credit losses as at 31.12.25 | 7 324 | 7 877 | 15 460 | 30 661 |
{20}------------------------------------------------

EXPECTED CREDIT LOSS
Instabank applies the IFRS 9 framework for Expected Credit Loss (ECL) calculations, which is based on a three-stage impairment model. Stage 1 includes exposures with no significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition. Stage 2 comprises exposures for which credit risk has increased significantly since origination, while Stage 3 includes credit-impaired exposures, typically defined as being more than 90 days past due. Staging is determined using a combination of observed credit events, delinquency measures, and model-based estimates of probability of default (PD), exposure at default (EAD), and loss given default (LGD). For Stage 1 exposures, ECL is calculated using a 12 month horizon, whereas Stage 2 and Stage 3 exposures are assessed using a lifetime ECL approach.
SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN CREDIT RISK
Stage 2 consist of exposure where credit risk has significantly increased since origination following several different criterias, including early past due observations (30 - 90 days), current forbereance history and increase in probability of detault (PD) between origination and the reporting date. The latter predictive model employ historical behaviour data in order to predict the probability of default in the next 12 months, where default is defined as 90 days past due. Loans that are more than 90 days past due transfer from Stage 2 to Stage 3. The below table show the trigger thresholds that define a significant increase in PD origination and the reporting date. The thresholds for high and low risk at origination are 4% for Norway Unsecured, 3% for Norway Secured and 7 % for Sweden. In Finland there are three groups with thresholds <5%, >=5% to <12% and >=12% for low, medium and high PD at origination. The thresholds were updated in 2024 due to a new behavior model for secured loans, as well as a recalibration of all of the subgroups. For B2B there is for now one group. The German thresholds are currently set to match the Finnish levels.
| Secured | Unsecured | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Norway | Finland | Sweden | Germany | B2B | |
| Low Risk at origination | 400% and 6pp increase 650% and 15pp increase | 450% and 15pp increase 500% and 23pp increase | 450% and 15pp increase | |||
| Medium Risk at origination | 350% and 20pp increase | 350% and 20pp increase | 200% or 7pp | |||
| High Risk at origination | 300% and 8pp increase 400% and 28pp increase | 250% and 25pp increase 275% and 30pp increase | 250% and 25pp increase | increase |
MACROECONOMIC INPUT TO ECL MODEL
Instabank performs a quarterly expert assessment of how macroeconomic effects impact the bank's loan loss provisions. This assessment uses data from Moody's Analytics Global Macroeconomic Model (GMM) and takes into account indicators such as the "Unemployment Rate" (Labor Force Survey, %), "Interest Rate" (three-month money market rate), "House Price Index" (nominal index, 2010 = 100) and for Germany specifically, "Consumer Price Index" (Index 2020 = 100) . These indicators are used as inputs for the Loss Committee to determine a macro factor for each product area, which is applied to the calculated loan loss provisions. Climate risk is not considered in this assessment. From Q2-25, the Swedish portfolio follows the Finnish macro change regime owing to its relatively small size.
These indicators have been used as input for determining the macro factor.
{21}------------------------------------------------

| Pessimistic scenario | Baseline scenario | Optimistic scenario | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NORWAY | 31.12.26 | 31.12.27 | 31.12.28 | 31.12.26 | 31.12.27 | 31.12.28 | 31.12.26 | 31.12.27 | 31.12.28 |
| Unemployment Rate | 4,8 | 4,9 | 4,5 | 4,3 | 4,1 | 3,9 | 4,2 | 4,0 | 3,8 |
| Interest Rate | 1,1 | 1,1 | 1,2 | 3,4 | 3,2 | 3,2 | 4,1 | 3,4 | 3,2 |
| House Price Index | 182,6 | 193,0 | 204,1 | 197,4 | 209,1 | 221,1 | 200,0 | 213,1 | 224,9 |
| Pessimistic scenario | Baseline scenario | Optimistic scenario | |||||||
| FINLAND | 31.12.26 | 31.12.27 | 31.12.28 | 31.12.26 | 31.12.27 | 31.12.28 | 31.12.26 | 31.12.27 | 31.12.28 |
| Unemployment Rate | 10,5 | 9,8 | 8,2 | 8,9 | 8,2 | 7,2 | 8,4 | 7,7 | 6,7 |
| Interest Rate | 0,7 | 0,7 | 0,7 | 2,2 | 2,4 | 2,4 | 2,4 | 2,4 | 2,4 |
| House Price Index | 97,7 | 100,0 | 104,0 | 102,3 | 103,9 | 106,4 | 103,7 | 105,4 | 108,0 |
| Pessimistic scenario | Baseline scenario | Optimistic scenario | |||||||
| GERMANY | 31.12.26 | 31.12.27 | 31.12.28 | 31.12.26 | 31.12.27 | 31.12.28 | 31.12.26 | 31.12.27 | 31.12.28 |
| Unemployment Rate | 7,6 | 7,0 | 6,3 | 6,2 | 5,7 | 5,7 | 5,3 | 5,1 | 5,3 |
| Interest Rate | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 2,1 | 2,3 | 2,4 | 2,3 | 2,3 | 2,4 |
| Consumer Price Index | 123,1 | 125,4 | 127,4 | 125,0 | 127,4 | 129,8 | 125,7 | 128,3 | 130,8 |
The determined macro factor is then multiplied by the calculated loan loss provision. The following macro factors have been applied as of the balance sheet date.
| Secured | B2B | Unsecured | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factors pr. 31.12.2025 | Norway | Norway | Norway | Finland | Sweden Germany | |
| Pessimistic Scenario | 1,334 | 1,318 | 1,289 | 1,391 | 1,531 | 1,352 |
| Baseline Scenario | 1,033 | 1,027 | 1,009 | 1,011 | 1,011 | 1,002 |
| Optimistic Scenario | 1,033 | 0,973 | 0,966 | 0,980 | 0,990 | 0,951 |
ECL SENSITIVITY BETWEEN MACRO SCENARIOS
The weighting of the scenarios is set at [30 % pessimistic - 40 % baseline - 30 % optimistic] for all portfolios. The indicators from the scenarios reflect the probability of the economy performing worse or better than the projection. For the baseline scenario, the probability that the economy performing better or worse than the projection is both equal at 50 % and is thereby the most likely outcome. For the optimistic scenario, there is a 10 % probability that the economy will perform better than projections and 90 % probability that it will perform worse and vice versa for the pessimistic scenario.
| Secured | B2B | Unsecured | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOK 1000 | Norway | Norway | Norway | Finland | Sweden | Germany | Total |
| Pessimistic scenario | 61 912 | 36 059 | 40 167 | 126 264 | 42 398 | 32 357 | 339 157 |
| Baseline scenario | 52 107 | 28 916 | 33 559 | 91 940 | 30 285 | 24 025 | 260 833 |
| Optimistic scenario | 52 107 | 27 591 | 32 544 | 89 140 | 29 796 | 22 811 | 253 989 |
| Final ECL | 55 048 | 30 661 | 35 237 | 101 397 | 33 772 | 26 161 | 282 277 |
{22}------------------------------------------------

Note 3: Operating segments
Instabank categorizes the lending portfolio into three segments, unsecured consumer loans, mortgages in Norway and business lending in Norway. Unsecured consumer loans consist of five lending products: Credit cards in Norway, Finland and Germany and consumer loans in Norway, Finland and Sweden. The three segments represent the Bank's focus and are included in reporting to management and the board. There is no significant differentiation in ongoing monitoring, management, and control within the various business segments. The presentations below are based on internal financial reporting. Segmental results show revenues and costs that are directly attributable to the segments. Interest costs are calculated based on the gross loan volume for each segment and the bank's deposit rates.
Q4 2025:
| Unsecured | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOK 1000 | consumer loans | Mortgages Business lending | Not allocated | Total | |
| Interest Income effective interest method | 110 581 | 77 613 | 40 563 | -27 | 228 730 |
| Other interest income | 14 901 | 14 901 | |||
| Interest expenses | 27 163 | 39 286 | 9 817 | 2 934 | 79 200 |
| Net interest income | 83 418 | 38 327 | 30 746 | 11 940 | 164 430 |
| Income commissions and fees | 15 007 | 1 292 | 694 | -388 | 16 605 |
| Expenses commissions and fees | 1 088 | - | 1 088 | ||
| Net commissions & fees | 13 919 | 1 292 | 694 | -388 | 15 517 |
| Net gains/loss on foreign exchange and securities | |||||
| classified as current assets | - | - | - | -4 474 | -4 474 |
| Total income | 97 336 | 39 619 | 31 440 | 7 078 | 175 473 |
| Salary and other personnel expenses | 1 811 | 3 227 | 1 179 | 16 000 | 22 216 |
| Other administrative expenses | 23 250 | 2 404 | 4 706 | 8 511 | 38 871 |
| Other expenses | 12 | 2 706 | 2 719 | ||
| Depreciation and amortisation | 3 495 | 3 495 | |||
| Total operating expenses | 25 073 | 5 631 | 5 885 | 30 712 | 67 302 |
| Losses on loans | 41 197 | 4 989 | 8 552 | - | 54 737 |
| Profit before tax | 31 067 | 28 998 | 17 003 | -23 634 | 53 434 |
| Gross loans to customers | 3 805 667 | 3 708 442 | 982 313 | - | 8 496 421 |
| Impairment of loans | -196 567 | -55 048 | -30 661 | - | -282 277 |
| Net loans to customers | 3 609 100 | 3 653 393 | 951 651 | - | 8 214 144 |
Q4 2024
| Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 90 682 | 19 356 | - | 177 473 | |
| 9 662 | 9 662 | |||
| 29 312 | 4 280 | 6 621 | 72 964 | |
| 61 370 | 15 076 | 3 041 | 114 172 | |
| 9 543 | 455 | 2 512 | 13 729 | |
| 1 289 | - | 1 289 | ||
| 8 254 | 455 | 2 512 | 12 440 | |
| - | - | - | -203 | -203 |
| 69 624 | 15 531 | 5 350 | 126 409 | |
| 1 027 | 1 015 | 20 905 | 25 901 | |
| 10 326 | 3 222 | 12 959 | 28 859 | |
| 295 | 2 742 | 3 037 | ||
| 3 359 | 3 359 | |||
| 11 647 | 4 237 | 39 965 | 61 157 | |
| 30 836 | 2 691 | - | 32 212 | |
| 27 140 | 8 603 | -34 615 | 33 040 | |
| 3 209 173 | 462 009 | - | 6 689 330 | |
| -194 175 | -7 561 | - | -236 440 | |
| 3 014 998 | 454 448 | - | 6 452 890 | |
| Unsecured consumer loans |
Mortgages Business lending 67 436 32 752 34 685 1 219 1 219 35 904 2 955 2 353 5 307 -1 316 31 912 3 018 148 -34 704 2 983 443 |
Not allocated |
{23}------------------------------------------------

| Unsecured | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOK 1000 | consumer loans | Mortgages Business lending | Not allocated | Total | |
| Interest Income effective interest method | 386 667 | 297 982 | 131 387 | - | 816 036 |
| Other interest income | 40 684 | 40 684 | |||
| Interest expenses | 107 680 | 151 985 | 31 385 | 16 983 | 308 033 |
| Net interest income | 278 987 | 145 997 | 100 002 | 23 701 | 548 687 |
| Income commissions and fees | 51 711 | 5 148 | 3 190 | 1 941 | 61 990 |
| Expenses commissions and fees | 3 734 | - | 3 734 | ||
| Net commissions & fees | 47 977 | 5 148 | 3 190 | 1 941 | 58 255 |
| Net gains/loss on foreign exchange and securities | |||||
| classified as current assets | - | - | - | 3 488 | 3 488 |
| Total income | 326 965 | 151 145 | 103 192 | 29 130 | 610 430 |
| Salary and other personnel expenses | 6 191 | 12 292 | 4 564 | 71 149 | 94 196 |
| Other administrative expenses, of which: | 72 465 | 10 470 | 16 123 | 39 669 | 138 728 |
| Other expenses | 758 | 12 005 | 12 763 | ||
| Depreciation and amortisation | 13 935 | 13 935 | |||
| Total operating expenses | 79 414 | 22 763 | 20 687 | 136 758 | 259 622 |
| Losses on loans | 152 744 | 21 071 | 23 270 | - | 197 084 |
| Profit before tax | 94 807 | 107 311 | 59 235 | -107 629 | 153 724 |
| Gross loans to customers | 3 805 667 | 3 708 442 | 982 313 | - | 8 496 421 |
| Impairment of loans | -196 567 | -55 048 | -30 661 | - | -282 277 |
| Net loans to customers | 3 609 100 | 3 653 393 | 951 651 | - | 8 214 144 |
{24}------------------------------------------------
Note 4: Regulatory capital and LCR
| NOK 1000 | 31.12.2025 | 31.12.2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Share capital | 452 606 | 378 262 |
| Share premium | 331 094 | 200 430 |
| Other equity | 419 595 | 377 911 |
| Deferred tax asset/intangible assets/other deductions | -35 738 | -34 094 |
| Common equity tier 1 capital | 1 167 557 | 922 509 |
| Additional tier 1 capital | 145 000 | 85 000 |
| Core capital | 1 312 557 | 1 007 509 |
| Subordinated loan | 190 000 | 96 000 |
| 1 502 557 | 1 103 509 | |
| Total capital | ||
| Calculation basis: | ||
| Credit risk: | ||
| Institutions | 70 651 | 88 020 |
| Corporates | 786 916 | 344 001 |
| Retail | 2 653 030 | 2 150 115 |
| Exposures secured by mortgages | 1 446 337 | 1 043 619 |
| Exposures in default | 422 695 | 364 172 |
| Collective investments undertakings (CIU) | 78 480 | 84 937 |
| Other items | 43 744 | 36 782 |
| Calculation basis credit risk | 5 501 853 | 4 111 646 |
| Calculation basis operational risk | 418 635 | 645 423 |
| Calculation basis cva risk | 4 591 | 4 253 |
| Total calculation basis | 5 925 078 | 4 761 322 |
| Capital ratios: | ||
| Common equity Tier 1 Capital ratio | 19,7 % | 19,4 % |
| Tier 1 capital ratio | 22,2 % | 21,2 % |
| Total capital ratio | 25,4 % | 23,2 % |
| Regulatory capital requirements: | ||
| Common equity Tier 1 Capital ratio | 13,9 % | 16,4 % |
| Tier 1 capital ratio | 16,3 % | 17,9 % |
| Total capital ratio | 19,5 % | 19,9 % |
| Leverage ratio | 13,2 % | 12,4 % |
| LCR Total | 355 % | 320 % |
| LCR NOK | 409 % | 362 % |
| LCR EUR | 122 % | 298 % |
{25}------------------------------------------------
Note 5: Financial instruments
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AT FAIR VALUE
Level 1: Valuation based on quoted prices in an active market.
Level 2: Valuation is based on observable market data, other than quoted prices. For derivatives the fair value is determined by using valuation models where the price of underlying factors, such as currencies.
Level 3: Valuation based on unobservable market data when valuation cannot be determined in level 1 or 2.
Assets
| NOK 1000 | 31.12.2025 | 31.12.2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Certificates and bonds - level 1 | 1 173 584 | 1 002 496 |
| Derivatives- level 2 | 5 151 | 2 326 |
| Shares and other equity instruments - level 3 | 6 000 | 6 000 |
| Liabilities | ||
| NOK 1000 | 31.12.2025 | 31.12.2024 |
| Derivatives - level 2 | 1 113 | 3 029 |
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AT AMORTIZED COST
Financial instruments at amortized cost are valued at originally determined cash flows, adjusted for any impairment losses.
| NOK 1000 | 31.12.2025 | 31.12.2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Loans and deposits with credit institutions | 345 974 | 438 305 |
| Net loans to customers | 8 296 583 | 6 500 203 |
| Other receivables | 22 741 | 15 917 |
| Total financial assets at amortised cost | 8 665 297 | 6 954 425 |
| Deposits from and debt to customers | 8 162 315 | 6 746 553 |
| Other debt | 110 983 | 75 224 |
| Subordinated loans | 190 000 | 96 000 |
| Total financial liabilitiies at amortised cost | 8 463 298 | 6 917 777 |