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IMAGE RESOURCES NL Capital/Financing Update 2022

Dec 20, 2022

65117_rns_2022-12-20_37a9ab38-eb70-4a9d-90ff-074d8a0a041b.pdf

Capital/Financing Update

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21 December 2022

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REVISED ANNOUNCEMENT - ATLAS PROJECT ORE RESERVE UPDATE

_________________

Image Resources NL (ASX: IMA) (“Image” or “the Company”) provides an updated Ore Reserve estimate at its 100%-owned, Atlas mineral sands project (Atlas Project) located in the infrastructurerich North Perth Basin in Western Australia. This announcement replaces the Company’s ASX announcement on the Atlas Ore Reserve dated 19 December 2022 and provides additional details with respect to key project modifying factors and economics. The Ore Reserve remains the same.

The northern section of the Mineral Resource is now excluded in this updated Ore Reserve estimate due to uncertainties of timing for environmental approval over the northern section of the deposit.

Highlights:

  • 5.5 million tonnes of Ore Reserves at 9.2% total HM

  • 4.5 million tonnes (81%) classified as Proved Reserve at 10.6% total HM

  • 481 kt (96%) of contained HM is in the Proved category

  • 11.9% zircon, 7.9% rutile, 4.9% leucoxene and 53% Ilmenite in total HM

  • Mining scheduled to commence 2H 2023 followed by processing Q4 2023

  • Forecast processing rate of 2.6 million tonnes per annum

  • Total Heavy Mineral Concentrate production of 446kt

  • Net pre-tax project cash flow of A$62M

  • Project to be funded by Image from existing cash reserves

This Ore Reserve estimate is based on a Mineral Resource estimate completed by Snowden Optiro as of December 2022 (refer to the Company’s ASX announcement dated 15 December 2022). This Ore Reserve update was prepared and reported by Entech Mining Consultants in accordance with the guidelines of the JORC Code (2012). The Ore Reserve estimate is shown in Table 1, and additional details are available in Schedule 1. The previous Ore Reserve estimate released in May 2017 (2017 Ore Reserve estimate) is shown in Table 2.

Table1: December 2022 Atlas Project Ore Reserve Summary[1-4 ]

Classification
Ore
Tonnes
HM
Slimes
Oversize
Mineral Assemblage (% of HM)
million
%
%
%
Zircon
Rutile
Leuc.
Ilmenite
Monazite
Proved
4.5
10.6
15
4.6
12
8
4.9
54
1.1
Probable
0.9
2.1
15
8.1
8.1
5.2
4.7
29
0.8
Total
5.5
9.2
15
5.2
11.9
7.9
4.9
53
1.1

Table 1 notes:

1. Estimates have been rounded to the nearest 100,000t of ore, 0.1% for HM/Oversize/Zircon/Rutile/Leucoxene/Monazite and 0% for Slimes/Ilmenite.

Image Resources NL | ABN 57 063 977 579 Level 2, 7 Ventnor Ave West Perth WA 6005 | PO Box 469 West Perth WA 6872 T: 08 9485 2410

www.imageres.com.au

Page 1 of 17

2. Ore Reserves are reported as material south of 6,619,850 mN, within pit designs but limited to below a top-of-ore surface generated from consideration of the optimisation value modelling and current geological domain interpretation.

3. All tonnages and grades have been rounded to reflect the relative uncertainty of the estimate, thus some of the columns may not be equal.

4. The Ore Reserves are based upon an FX rate US$0.70:A$1.00; and HMC product pricing is based upon a detailed pricing model contained within offtake agreements. These agreements are commercial-inconfidence.

Table 2: May 2017 Atlas Project Ore Reserve Summary[1-6 ]

Classification
Ore
Tonnes
HM
Slimes
Oversize
Mineral Assemblage (% of HM)
million
%
%
%
Zircon
Rutile
Leuc.
Ilmenite
Monazite
Proved
-
-
-
-
Probable
9.5
8.1
15.5
5.2
-
-
-
-
-
10.6
7.5
4.5
50.7
-
Total
9.5
8.1
15.5
5.2
10.6
7.5
4.5
50.7
-

Table 2 notes:

1. Mineral Resources have been reported as inclusive of Ore Reserves.

2. The mineral assemblages are reported as a percentage of in-situ HM content.

3. Ore Reserves are based upon a cut-off grade of 2% total heavy minerals.

4. The Ore Reserves are based upon an FX rate US$0.73:A$1.00; and the following commodity prices: ilmenite - $US171, leucoxene - $US522, rutile - $US936 and zircon - $US1,126.

5. Tonnes and grade data have been rounded to one decimal place. Discrepancies in summations may occur due to rounding.

6. Refer to the Company’s ASX announcement dated 30 May 2017 for more information on the 2017 Ore Reserve estimate.

The following material changes have been made to the mine plan inputs since the 2017 Ore Reserve estimate:

  • Mineral Resource estimate and corresponding block model updated for additional assay and mineral assemblage data obtained since the 2017 BFS due to the inclusion of additional drilling undertaken in the intervening period. The updated Mineral Resource has also now used the results of sachet logging and visual estimates of Iron Oxides (FeOx) to interpret and exclude laterite material within the interpreted strandlines;

  • Change to Mine Development Envelope to exclude the northern section of the Mineral Resource. The northern section was excluded due to the uncertainties of achieving environmental approvals in a timely fashion over the Mount Jetty and Bibby creek lines, Aboriginal areas of cultural concern and areas of potentially sensitive flora and fauna as well as native vegetation. The Southern section of the Mineral Resource area is more economically robust due to higher HM grades and lower strip ratio, and consequently generates most of the net cash flow;

  • Changes in pit design based on revised pit optimisation results using current study inputs and assumptions, including a reduced feed rate to the WCP from earlier studies; and

  • A change to the assumptions and application of mining dilution to reflect a less selective mining method due to the thin strand mineralisation anticipated at the Atlas Project.

Mining adjustments from the 2017 Ore Reserve include adopting an approach to applying mining dilution to encompass both internal laterite material and boundary material dilution at the top and bottom ore surfaces. This results in a more conservative approach to the application of dilution (approximately 20% dilution compared to 2% used in 2017). The 2017 Ore Reserve estimate

Image Resources NL ABN 57 063 977 579

Level 2, 7 Ventnor Ave West Perth WA 6005 | PO Box 469 West Perth WA 6872 T: 08 9485 2410 www.imageres.com.au

Page 2 of 36

excluded some material for the previously proposed high voltage powerline crossing, which has now been removed from the current mine plan. Together these adjustments have a minor effect on contained HM, though the dilution adjustments do increase the feed tonnage with a commensurate reduction in HM%. Very minor changes can be attributed to Mineral Resource modelling impacts between estimates.

The 2017 Ore Reserve estimate downgraded all Measured Mineral Resources to Probable Ore Reserve, based on some uncertainty surrounding density estimates. The current Mineral Resource estimates density using an algorithm that considers lithology, HM and slime grades interpolated into the model, such that a variable density attribute is estimated based on the material characteristics as modelled. The same method has been used for the Boonanarring deposit since 2019 and the algorithm has been refined since, using operational data from the Boonanarring site. Hence this estimate includes no downgrading of Measured Mineral Resources, which convert directly to Proved Ore Reserves, subject to the application of appropriate modifying factors. Inferred and unclassified material contained within the mine plan, and below the top-of-ore surface, are included in the Ore Reserve as planned dilution, where it is considered unable to be selectively mined as waste. The Ore Reserve has been defined as delivered to the Feed Preparation Plant (FPP).

A detailed comparison has been performed between the 2017 Ore Reserve and this updated estimate. The main variance, both in terms of ore tonnage and contained HM, is due to the removal of the Northern area of the Mineral Resource since the disclosure of the 2017 Ore Reserve estimate. Changes to the pit design are the next greatest area of variance between the updated and 2017 Ore Reserve estimate. In general, the updated pit design focuses more tightly on the main economic core of the Resource where the majority of the cashflow is generated, with the removal of some more marginally economic regions to the north. These changes contribute to the uplift in total HM% and valuable mineral assemblage composition of the HM in the updated estimate.

Refer to Schedule 1 containing the Ore Reserves Estimate Executive Summary for further information on the outcomes and material assumptions defining the updated Ore Reserve estimate.

Figure 1 shows the spatial comparison between 2017 and 2022 Ore Reserve Pit footprints. Waterfall charts illustrating the variance impacts due to these areas are shown in Figure 2-4.

Image Resources NL ABN 57 063 977 579

Level 2, 7 Ventnor Ave West Perth WA 6005 | PO Box 469 West Perth WA 6872 T: 08 9485 2410 www.imageres.com.au

Page 3 of 36

Figure 1: Comparison between 2022 Vs 2017 Ore reserve

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Image Resources NL ABN 57 063 977 579

Level 2, 7 Ventnor Ave West Perth WA 6005 | PO Box 469 West Perth WA 6872

T: 08 9485 2410 www.imageres.com.au

Page 4 of 36

Figure 2: Change in Ore Tonnes

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Figure 3: Change in HM Grade

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Image Resources NL ABN 57 063 977 579 Level 2, 7 Ventnor Ave West Perth WA 6005 | PO Box 469 West Perth WA 6872 T: 08 9485 2410 www.imageres.com.au

Page 5 of 36

Figure 4: Change in HM Tonnes

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This Ore Reserve estimate incorporates updated cost inputs, product pricing (reflecting current offtake agreements) and other study assumptions to reflect the current project development status, notably a significant reduction to the Mine Development Envelope from earlier studies.

A conventional ‘dry mining’ method, similar to that currently employed at the Boonanarring mine, is proposed for the Atlas Project. An established mineral sand mining contractor will perform mining services under a fixed and variable schedule of rates contract. Clearing and grubbing occur shortly before overburden removal is required to expose scheduled ore blocks. Overburden will be removed using a waste fleet comprised of 190 t Excavators and 90 t Trucks or similar. Ore will be mined using an ore fleet comprised of a 120 t Excavator and 50 t Articulated Dump Trucks or similar. Ore will be hauled to a centrally located Run of Mine (ROM) pad located adjacent to the FPP where it is blended and fed to the FPP using a front-end loader. Ore mining rates are based around providing an annualised production rate of 2.6 Mt.

This Ore Reserve estimate is based on modifying factors and processing inputs determined from technical studies to Feasibility Study level for the Atlas Project, informed where relevant by analysis of actual operating performance at Image’s Boonanarring mine site. The Feasibility Study is based on mining of the Atlas Project, once mining and processing at the Boonanarring operation has finished. Mining of the Atlas Project is currently scheduled to commence 2H 2023, followed by commissioning and first production in Q4 2023. Life-of-mine (excluding rehab) for this Ore Reserve estimate is approximately 30 months. Heavy Mineral Concentrate (HMC) production during the first 6 months is high as the mine plan concentrates on the central high-value area of the pit.

Image Resources NL ABN 57 063 977 579 Level 2, 7 Ventnor Ave West Perth WA 6005 | PO Box 469 West Perth WA 6872

T: 08 9485 2410 www.imageres.com.au

Page 6 of 36

Mining recovery is assumed to be 100%, with a provision for FPP recovery of 99%. Processing at Atlas will be similar to Boonanarring, consisting of processing ore through a wet concentration plant (WCP) to produce HMC, which is then shipped through the Port of Bunbury to customers offshore. WCP mineral recoveries use estimates of 96.7% (ZrO2) and 91.3% (TiO2) based on bulk sample test work on Atlas ore feed samples, including processing through new Compact Turbo (CT1) spiral technology. The WCP uses traditional mineral sand gravity separation techniques. The process is currently in use at Image’s Boonanarring operation. Some of the existing Boonanarring process infrastructure will be relocated to Atlas upon the conclusion of processing operations at Boonanarring. CT1 demonstration spiral plant will have been tested for over 12 months at Boonanarring.

Waste streams sand tails will be placed in the mine void, and clay fines will initially be deposited in off-path solar drying facility. Deleterious materials including oversize material and clay fines are managed as part of the rehabilitation management plan.

An overall slope angle of 32 degrees is used, which was assessed to be suitable even in wet ground conditions.

The cut-off grade has been calculated using optimisation software on a cashflow basis and an individual cut-off applied to each block within the model. The calculations consider, among other considerations, individual mineral and product values, operating costs, and other practical considerations (including ore and overburden variabilities) and HM and product recoveries. Pit shells upon which final pit designs are based are generated using this economic cut-off. Key project assumptions used for the study are shown in Table 3.

Table 3: Key Project Assumptions

Key Assumptions Units Quantity
Mining Method Dry Mining (Truck & Digger)
FPP Feed Rate tph 350
WCP Feed Rate (Rougher) tph 280
Mining Dilution (Average) % 20.4%
Mining Recovery % 100.0%
FPP Recovery % 99.0%
WCP Process Recovery (ZrO2) % 96.7%
WCP Process Recovery (TiO2) % 91.3%
HMC Grade % HM in HMC 92.0%
Overall Slope Angle Degree 32
FX Rate AUD:USD 1.00:0.70
Total Royalty % 5%

Image Resources NL ABN 57 063 977 579

Level 2, 7 Ventnor Ave West Perth WA 6005 | PO Box 469 West Perth WA 6872 T: 08 9485 2410 www.imageres.com.au

Page 7 of 36

The Ore and Waste Movement from the Pit is shown in Figure 5, and the Process Feed is shown in Figure 6.

Figure 5: Ore and Waste Movement

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Figure 6: Process Feed

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Image Resources NL ABN 57 063 977 579 Level 2, 7 Ventnor Ave West Perth WA 6005 | PO Box 469 West Perth WA 6872 T: 08 9485 2410 www.imageres.com.au

Page 8 of 36

The Life of Mine (LoM) Mining and Production Summary is shown in Table 4 and the HMC Production is shown in Figure 7. The Ore Reserves underpinning the production target have been prepared by Mr Per Scrimshaw of Entech Pty Ltd, who has sufficient experience in Ore Reserves estimation relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the JORC Code (2012), in accordance with the requirements of the JORC Code (2012).

Table 4: LoM Mining & Production Summary

Mining & Production Statistics Units Quantity
Mining
Ore kbcm 2925
Waste kbcm 2484
Topsoil kbcm 156
Subsoil kbcm 233
Strip Ratio Waste t: Ore t 0.98
Processing
Ore Processed kt 5455
HM Grade (in Ore) % 9.2%
HMC Production
HMC Produced (Dry Tonnes) kt 446
HM Grade (in HMC) % 92.0%

Figure 7: Atlas HMC Production

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Image Resources NL ABN 57 063 977 579 Level 2, 7 Ventnor Ave West Perth WA 6005 | PO Box 469 West Perth WA 6872 T: 08 9485 2410 www.imageres.com.au

Page 9 of 36

Mining and processing infrastructure will be located on crown land. Image has purchased adjacent land required for the accommodation camp and facilities. Additional infrastructure works will be required for power, communication, and road access, which have been planned for and costed accordingly. Labour will be sourced from the local area and surrounds, with accommodation provided adjacent to site. Indicative Atlas site layout is shown in Figure 8.

Figure 8: Atlas Site Layout

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Capital costs have primarily been developed by engineering consultants ProjX and are based on supplier quotes and tenders. The Atlas project is estimated to require a direct capital expenditure of A$33.0M. An indirect capital estimate of A$5.9M is allocated for the expenditures associated with upgrading external roads. The pre-production cost of A$2.0M includes environmental approvals and technical assessments. The capital costs are estimated or quoted within +/- 10% accuracy after applying an average contingency of 17% (reflecting current market conditions & inflationary pressures). The project will be funded by Image from existing cash reserves.

Variable mining cost inputs are estimated from mining contractor submission based on a detailed mining schedule prepared for the Atlas Project. Mining fixed cost inputs include provision for contractor monthly overheads, dayworks and internal haul road maintenance. Site support costs

Image Resources NL ABN 57 063 977 579 Level 2, 7 Ventnor Ave West Perth WA 6005 | PO Box 469 West Perth WA 6872 T: 08 9485 2410 www.imageres.com.au

Page 10 of 36

include all Image staff, administration, external road maintenance and camp facility management. Logistics costs include provision for handling, transport to port, port costs and shipping. HMC haulage to Bunbury and port-related costs are based on haulage contractor-submitted unit rates allowing for 3% moisture in the HMC. Shipping costs are estimated based on current shipping rates per metric tonnes. Royalties include a 5% WA State Government royalty (less allowable deductions, i.e. shipping) and a Native Title royalty of 0.6% of the WA State Government royalty.

LoM C1 & AISC costs are summarised in Table 5 and Figure 9.

Table 5: LoM C1 & AISC Costs per HMC tonne

LoM C1 and AISC Costs Per Tonne Units Quantity
Cost/Tonne of HMC Produced
Mining A$/t HMC 67.2
Pre-Strip A$/t HMC
Processing A$/t HMC 63.2
Site Support & Fixed Costs A$/t HMC 88.6
Logistics (Inc Shipping) A$/t HMC 114.4
Total C1 Cash Costs A$/t HMC 333.4
Royalties A$/t HMC 33.0
Sustaining Capital A$/t HMC 1.6
Total - AISC A$/t HMC 368.0

1. Pre-strip cost is allocated as capitalized operating cost

2. C1 cash costs include mining, processing, general administration and HMC transport costs

3. All-in sustaining costs (AISC) include C1 plus royalties and sustaining capital

Figure 9: AISC Cost Distribution

==> picture [436 x 285] intentionally omitted <==

Image Resources NL ABN 57 063 977 579 Level 2, 7 Ventnor Ave West Perth WA 6005 | PO Box 469 West Perth WA 6872 T: 08 9485 2410 www.imageres.com.au

Page 11 of 36

Image uses independent third-party reports as a guide as to future supply/demand, and hence potential pricing, for the underlying products contained within its HMC and applies these projected prices to its HMC sales price forecasts adjusted, where necessary, for expected quality differences of underlying products and expected specific demand for Image HMC.

Revenue estimates for pit optimisation studies and final financial models are based on a value per unit of ZrO2 and TiO2 within the HMC which includes an allowance for downstream dry processing costs incurred by the customer. Product pricing is based upon the detailed pricing model contained within offtake agreements which applies to both Boonanarring and Atlas HMC. 100% of HMC produced at Atlas is contracted under these LoM offtake agreements. These agreements are commercial-in-confidence; however, the pricing model calculates the value of the HMC based on an agreed estimate of the value of the contained HM products (ZrO2 and TiO2) at Chinese CIF market prices. The underlying pricing assumptions of contained HM products (zircon, ilmenite, rutile, and leucoxene) are based upon TZMI long term prices adjusted for product quality and other factors. An exchange rate of 1.00:0.70 AUD:USD has been used.

Macro-economic assumptions used in the economic analysis of the Ore Reserves, such as foreign exchange, inflation and discount rates have been internally generated and determined through detailed analysis by Image and benchmarked against commercially available consensus data where applicable.

Final economic evaluation was conducted by Image using a standalone financial model and life-ofmine schedule. Contribution to LoM revenue is modelled to be fairly equally split between ZrO2 and TiO2. Cumulative cash flow turns positive from month 12. Rehabilitation expenditure, inclusive of mine closure and Banksia Woodland restoration, is estimated at A$23.5M. The Atlas Project has a net pre-tax project cash flow of A$61.7M. Since the project is funded by Image and the project has a payback estimated at 8 months from first production, the NPV and IRR are not considered material. Net pre-tax project cashflow summary is shown in Table 6. The net cashflow from operations is shown in Figure 10.

Table 6: Net Project Cashflow Summary

Net Project Cashflow Summary A$M
Mining $ 30.0
Processing Cost $ 28.2
Site Support & Other Fixed Cost $ 39.5
Transport & Port Handling $ 28.0
Shipping & Royalties $ 37.7
Total Operating Cost $ 163.2
Revenue $ 311.3
Net Operating Cashflow $ 148.1
Rehabilitation $ 23.5
Capital Cost $ 47.6
Capitalised Operating Cost $ 15.3
Net Project Cashflow Summary $ 61.7

Image Resources NL ABN 57 063 977 579 Level 2, 7 Ventnor Ave West Perth WA 6005 | PO Box 469 West Perth WA 6872 T: 08 9485 2410 www.imageres.com.au

Page 12 of 36

Figure 10: Cashflow From Operations

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Project sensitivity analysis was conducted on key variables (+/- 20%) based on undiscounted cashflows (Figure 11). The Atlas Project is reasonably insensitive to changes in capital and operating costs and is most sensitive to those variables that directly impact on the revenue stream, such as pricing and recovery/grade. At -20% individual variances to either of these variables, the project remains economic over LoM and generates positive cashflows.

Mining lease M70/1305 was granted 1/04/2021 with an expiry 31/03/2042 and Development Approval for the camp was granted 17 December 2021 by the Shire of Dandaragan.

Development of the Atlas Project requires several approvals, some of which are still in progress. The most significant of these is EPA approval, which is required prior to the issuance of a Ministerial Approval Statement. The proposal has been referred with a public review period imminent and an indicative timeline for EPA approval is expected to be June 2023. Image believes the proposal to meets EPA objectives for all Key Environmental Factors, with environmental offsets proposed to counter residual impacts on flora and fauna by mine disturbance and clearing. Other approvals required (including Mining Proposal / Mine Closure Plan, Dangerous Goods License, Radiation Management Plan, Works Approval & Site Environmental License and License to take Water) have either been submitted and awaiting approval or are contingent on the EPA approval process. All approvals for Atlas are expected to be obtained prior to the proposed start-up of mining.

Image Resources NL ABN 57 063 977 579 Level 2, 7 Ventnor Ave West Perth WA 6005 | PO Box 469 West Perth WA 6872 T: 08 9485 2410 www.imageres.com.au

Page 13 of 36

Figure 11: Project Sensitivity

==> picture [468 x 324] intentionally omitted <==

Note: For the purpose of project sensitivity analysis Operating Costs (Opex) includes capitalised operating costs

The Company anticipates providing guidance for CY2023 and forecast guidance for CY2024 (the first full year of Atlas production), in January 2023.

This document is authorised for release to the market by the Managing Director on behalf of the Board of Directors.

For further information, please contact:

Patrick Mutz Managing Director +61 8 9485 2410 [email protected] www.imageres.com.au

Image Resources NL ABN 57 063 977 579

Level 2, 7 Ventnor Ave West Perth WA 6005 | PO Box 469 West Perth WA 6872

T: 08 9485 2410 www.imageres.com.au

Page 14 of 36

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements made during or in connection with this communication, including, without limitation, those concerning the economic outlook for the mining industry, expectations regarding prices, exploration or development costs and other operating results, growth prospects and the outlook of Image’s operations contain or comprise certain forward-looking statements regarding Image’s operations, economic performance and financial condition. Although Image believes that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, no assurance can be given that such expectations will prove to have been correct. Accordingly, results could differ materially from those set out in the forward looking statements as a result of, among other factors, changes in economic and market conditions, success of business and operating initiatives, changes that could result from future acquisitions of new exploration properties, the risks and hazards inherent in the mining business (including industrial accidents, environmental hazards or geologically related conditions), changes in the regulatory environment and other government actions, risks inherent in the ownership, exploration and operation of or investment in mining properties, fluctuations in prices and exchange rates and business and operations risks management, as well as generally those additional factors set forth in our periodic filings with ASX. Image undertakes no obligation to update publicly or release any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after today’s date or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

COMPETENT PERSON’S STATEMENTS –MINERAL RESOURCES AND ORE RESERVES

The information in this report that relates to the Atlas Mineral Resource estimate is extracted from the Company’s ASX announcement dated 15 December 2022, which is available on the Company’s website. The Company confirms that it is not aware of any new information or data that materially affects the information included in the original market announcement and, in the case of mineral resources or ore reserves, that all material assumptions and technical parameters underpinning the estimates in the original market announcement continue to apply and have not materially changed. The Company confirms that the form and context in which the Competent Person’s findings are presented have not been materially modified from the original market announcement.

The information in this report that relates to the estimation of Ore Reserves for the Atlas mine is based on, and fairly represents, information and supporting documentation prepared by Mr Per Scrimshaw, Mining Engineer and an employee of Entech Pty Ltd, who is a Member of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. Mr Scrimshaw has sufficient experience in Ore Reserves estimation relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of the “Australasian Code for Reporting of Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves”. Mr Scrimshaw confirms there is no potential for a conflict of interest in acting as a Competent Person and has provided his prior written consent to the inclusion in the report of the matters based on his information in the form and context in which it appears.

Image Resources NL ABN 57 063 977 579

Level 2, 7 Ventnor Ave West Perth WA 6005 | PO Box 469 West Perth WA 6872 T: 08 9485 2410 www.imageres.com.au

Page 15 of 36

Schedule 1

Atlas Mineral Sands Deposit Ore Reserve Estimate – 2022

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Image Resources (“Image”) engaged Entech Pty Ltd (“Entech”) to undertake an Ore Reserve update for their Atlas Project, located approximately 90 km north of Images’ existing Boonanarring operation and 170km north of Perth in Western Australia. Mining of the Atlas Project is currently scheduled to commence 2H 2023, with commissioning and first production near the end of Q4 2023.

Prior to this estimate, the most recent Atlas Project Ore Reserves were estimated by Optiro Pty Ltd (Optiro, now Snowden Optiro) as of May 2017. That Ore Reserve estimate was prepared for the 2017 Bankable Feasibility Study (BFS) incorporating both Boonanarring and Atlas deposits, prior to commencement of operations at the Boonanarring mine.

The following material changes have been made to the mine plan inputs since the previous Ore Reserve estimate:

  • Mineral Resource estimate and corresponding block model updated for additional assay and mineral assemblage data obtained since the 2017 BFS due to the inclusion of additional drilling undertaken in the intervening period. The updated Mineral Resource has also now used the results of sachet logging and visual estimates of Iron Oxides (FeOx) to interpret and exclude laterite material within the interpreted strandlines,

  • Change to Mine Development Envelope to exclude the northern section of the Mineral Resource. The northern section was excluded due to the uncertainties of achieving environmental approvals in a timely fashion over the Mount Jetty and Bibby creek lines, Aboriginal areas of cultural concern and areas of potentially sensitive flora and fauna as well as native vegetation. The Southern section of the Mineral Resource area is more economically robust due to higher HM grades and lower strip ratio, and consequently generates most of the net cash flow,

  • Changes in pit design based on revised pit optimisation results using current study inputs and assumptions, including a reduced feed rate to the Wet Concentration Plant (WCP) from earlier studies, and

  • A change to the assumptions and application of mining dilution to reflect a less selective mining method due to the thin strand mineralisation anticipated at the Atlas Project.

This Ore Reserve estimate update is based on a Mineral Resource estimate completed by Snowden Optiro as at December 2022. The Mineral Resource estimate used is separately reported in accordance with the JORC Code (2012).

Measured Mineral Resource have been converted to Proved Ore Reserve and Indicated Mineral Resource have been converted to Probable Ore Reserve after the application of appropriate modifying factors, subject to mine design physicals and an economic evaluation. Inferred and unclassified material contained within the mine plan, and below the top-of-ore surface, are included in the Ore Reserve as planned dilution where it is considered unable to be selectively mined separately as waste. The Ore Reserve has been defined at delivery to the Feed Preparation unit (FPP).

The Ore Reserve estimate is based on a pit design, informed by guidance from updated pit optimisation studies, for which detailed mine scheduling and financial modelling have been prepared. All Image prepared pit designs, schedules and financial modelling have been reviewed by Entech for suitability for Ore Reserve disclosure.

Image Resources NL ABN 57 063 977 579 Level 2, 7 Ventnor Ave West Perth WA 6005 | PO Box 469 West Perth WA 6872 T: 08 9485 2410 www.imageres.com.au

Page 16 of 36

A conventional ‘dry mining’ method, like that currently employed at the Boonanarring mine, is proposed for the Atlas Project. Mining services (and dayworks) will be performed by an established mineral sands mining contractor under a fixed and variable schedule of rates contract. Clearing and grubbing occur shortly before overburden removal is required to expose scheduled ore blocks. Overburden will be removed using a waste fleet comprised of 190 t Excavators and 90 t Trucks or similar. Ore will be mined using an ore fleet comprised of a 120 t Excavator and 50 t Articulated Dump Trucks or similar. Ore will be hauled to a centrally located Run of Mine (ROM) pad located close to the FPP where it is blended and fed to the FPP using a front-end loader. Ore mining rates are based around providing an annualised production rate of approximately 2.6 Mt.

The current mine sequence (Figure 2) is based on:

  1. Initially extracting the high grade (and value) middle section of the pit, by commencing mining at the 6,617,825N and advancing in a northern direction to 6,618,825N, then

  2. Mining the southern section of the pit, by commencing at the 6,617,825N and advancing in a southerly direction until the southern extent of the design pit, then

  3. Mine remaining Ore Reserves starting at the far northern extent of the pit and mining south till all depleted.

Processing operations at Atlas will be similar to Boonanarring, which consists of processing ore through a wet concentration plant (WCP) to produce a Heavy Mineral Concentrate (HMC) which is then shipped through the Port of Bunbury to customers with offshore Mineral Separation Plants (MSP).

This Ore Reserve estimate is based on modifying factors and processing inputs determined from technical studies to Feasibility Study level for the Atlas Project, informed where relevant by analysis of actual operating performance at Image’s Boonanarring mine site.

Mining dilution has been considered by adopting a less selective mining method than the prior Ore Reserve, which included a 2% provision for mining dilution. In comparison, a total of 0.92Mt of dilution material at 1.6% HM, 5.7% ZrO2 and 26.7% TiO2 is included in this Ore Reserve estimate, or approximately 20% on a tonnage basis. Mining recovery is assumed to be 100% with provision for a FPP recovery of 99%. WCP mineral recoveries use estimates of 96.7% (ZrO2) and 91.3% (TiO2) and are based on bulk sample test work on Atlas ore feed samples.

Deleterious materials include oversize material and clay fines which are managed as part of rehabilitation management plan and mildly radioactive material, which is shipped with the HM concentrate at levels well below public safety limits.

Revenue estimates are based on contained ZrO2 and TiO2 percentages estimated throughout the Mineral Resource model and aligned with the current methodology for calculating bulk HMC sales revenues under the current offtake agreement pricing models. 100% of HMC produced at Atlas is contracted under life of mine offtake agreements. Operating cost inputs have been based on actual site operating data, contracted rates, or current budget estimates. Capital costs have been developed by EPCM specialists, ProjX, and are based on supplier quotes, already incurred costs or internally developed costings.

All material were subjected to an economic evaluation in a detailed financial model compiled by Image and reviewed by Entech. The mine plan is shown to be technically and financially feasible with positive cashflows, and a suitable cashflow positive buffer exists below the assumed product prices to provide confidence that the Ore Reserve estimate will be financially viable within a reasonably expectable range of product prices.

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Page 17 of 36

Development of the Atlas Project requires several approvals, some of which are still in progress. The most significant of these is EPA approval, which is required prior to the issuance of a Ministerial Approval Statement. The proposal has been referred with a public review period imminent and an indicative timeline for EPA approval is expected to be June 2023. Image advises that they consider the proposal to meet EPA objectives for all Key Environmental Factors, with environmental offsets proposed to counter residual impacts on flora and fauna by mine disturbance and clearing. Other approvals required (including Mining Proposal / Mine Closure Plan, Dangerous Goods License, Radiation Management Plan, Works Approval & Site Environmental License and License to take Water) have either been submitted and awaiting approval or are contingent on the EPA approval process. Image have a workplan in place to ensure all required approvals are in place prior to the time required of the mine plan. Mining lease M 70/1305 was granted 1/04/2021 with an expiry 31/03/2042 and Development Approval for the camp was granted 17 December 2021 by the Shire of Dandaragan.

Mine and processing infrastructure will be located on crown land. Image has purchased adjacent land required for the accommodation camp and facilities. Part of the existing Boonanarring process infrastructure will be relocated to Atlas upon completion of operations at that site. A new WCP spiral plant building will be built for Atlas. Additional infrastructure works will be required for power, communication, and road access, which have been planned for and costed accordingly. Labour will be sourced from the local area and surrounds, with accommodation provided on site to support remote work due to the absence of alternate accommodation nearby.

An Ore Reserve estimate has been prepared and reported in accordance with the requirements of the 2012 Edition of the Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (JORC Code, 2012 Edition). This is tabulated below (Table 1).

Table 1 - 2022 Ore Reserve Update

(% in Ore) Mineral Assemblage (% of HM)
Classification Ore
Tonnes
(Mt)
HM
Oversize
Slimes
Zircon
Rutile
Leuc.
Ilmenite
Monazite
ZrO2
TiO2
Proved
Probable
4.5
0.9
10.6
4.6
15
2.1
8.1
15
12.0
8.0
4.9
54
1.1
8.1
5.2
4.7
29
0.8
7.9
42
5.4
25
Total 5.5 9.2
5.2
15
11.9
7.9
4.9
53
1.1
7.8
42

Estimates have been rounded to the nearest 100,000 t of ore, 0.1% for HM/Oversize/Zircon/Rutile/Leucoxene/Monazite/ZrO2 and 0% for Slimes/Ilmenite/TiO2. Ore Reserves are reported as material south of 6,619,850 mN, within pit designs but limited to below a top-of-ore surface generated from consideration of the optimisation value modelling and current geological domain interpretation. All tonnages and grades have been rounded to reflect the relative uncertainty of the estimate, thus sum of columns may not equal.

Detailed comparison has been performed between the 2017 Ore Reserve estimate and this updated estimate. The main variance, both in terms of ore tonnage and contained HM is due to the removal of the Northern area of the Mineral Resource since the disclosure of the previous estimate (Removal of Northern Resource). Changes to the pit design (Pit Design Changes) are the next greatest area of variance between the updated and previous Ore Reserve. Mining adjustments and Resource modelling between estimates result in very minor impact (Figure 1).

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Page 18 of 36

==> picture [434 x 201] intentionally omitted <==

Figure 1 - Change in HM Tonnage Waterfall

Figure 3 shows the spatial comparison between 2017 and 2022 Ore Reserve Pit footprints.

Mr Scrimshaw conducted a site visit to both the Boonanarring (operational) and Atlas (development) sites during July 2022.

Confidence in the mine design and schedule are high as mining rates are lower than current Boonanarring operations, the pit is shallow with low strip ratio and a highly conservative approach to mining dilution has been adopted. Confidence in processing assumptions and method are high as some of the plant will be relocated from Boonanarring and is well understood. The CT1 demonstration plant will have been tested for over 12 months at Boonanarring, upon which the Atlas WCP will be based. Confidence in operational costs is high as there is approx. 4+ years of operational history at Boonanarring upon which many assumptions have been based. Consideration of pit shell progression provides high confidence in the robustness of the current pit design, as removal of the northern region of the resource from development in this Ore Reserve estimate focusses the design to regions of the resource that are higher margin areas of the deposit and less sensitive to spatial changes in extent with changing economic inputs. Revenue estimates are based on short term forecasts (given the relatively short project duration), which should be of higher confidence than those based on more distant projections in time.

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==> picture [447 x 583] intentionally omitted <==

Figure 2 - Mining Direction and Extraction Sequence

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==> picture [447 x 583] intentionally omitted <==

Figure 3 - 2017 and 2022 Ore Reserve Pit Outlines

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Appendix A

JORC Code Table 1 criteria

The table below summaries the assessment and reporting criteria used for the Atlas deposit Mineral Resource estimate and reflects the guidelines in Table 1 of The Australasian Code for the Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (the JORC Code, 2012).

Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
Sampling techniques Nature and quality of sampling. These
examples should not be taken as
limiting
the
broad
meaning
of
sampling.
Include reference to measures taken
to ensure sample representivity and
the appropriate calibration of any
measurement tools or systems used.
Aspects of the determination of
mineralisation that are Material to the
Public Report.
Sampling of the deposit has been by
vertical reverse-circulation air-core
method (RCAC). This is a mineral
sands
industry-standard
drilling
technique.
The samples have been taken over
intervals of 0.2 m, 0.25 m, 0.3 m, 0.5
m, 1 m, 1.5 m and 2 m. Within the
interpreted mineralisation almost 80%
of the samples have been taken over
intervals of 1 m, 6% have been taken
over intervals of 1.5 m and 13% over
intervals of 2 m.
Drilling techniques Drill
type
(e.g.
core,
reverse
circulation, open-hole hammer, rotary
air blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc)
and details (e.g. core diameter, triple
or standard tube, depth of diamond
tails, face-sampling bit or other type,
whether core is oriented and if so, by
what method, etc).
All Image and historic RGC RCAC
drillholes were drilled vertically using
an NQ-sized (76 mm diameter) drill
bit.
All Iluka RCAC drillholes are vertical
and were drilled using a BQ-sized drill
bit (60 mm diameter).
Water injection is used to convert the
sample to a slurry so it can be
incrementally sampled by a rotary
splitter.
Drill sample recovery Method of recording and assessing
core and chip sample recoveries and
results assessed.
Measures taken to maximise sample
recovery and ensure representative
nature of the samples.
Whether a relationship exists between
sample recovery and grade and
whether sample bias may have
occurred due to preferential loss/gain
of fine/coarse material.
At the drill site, Image’s geologist
estimates
sample
recovery
qualitatively (as good, moderate or
poor) for each 1 m or 2 m downhole
sampling interval. Specifically, the
supervising
geologist
visually
estimates the volume recovered to
sample and reject bags based on prior
experience as to what constitutes
good recovery.
Image also monitors recovery through
the mass of the laboratory sample,
which is recorded prior to despatch
and
again
on
delivery
to
the
laboratory. The mass variation in the
laboratory samples can then be
correlated back to the original total
sample.

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Logging Whether core and chip samples have
been geologically and geotechnically
logged to a level of detail to support
appropriate
Mineral
Resource
estimation,
mining
studies
and
metallurgical studies.
Whether logging is qualitative or
quantitative in nature. Core (or
costean, channel, etc) photography.
The total length and percentage of the
relevant intersections logged.
Image’s supervising geologist logs the
sample reject material at the rig and
pans a small sub-sample of the reject,
to visually estimate the proportions of
sands, heavy mineral sands, ‘slimes’
(clays), and oversize (rock chips) in
each sample, in a semi-quantitative
manner.
The geologist also logs colour,
grainsize, an estimate of induration (a
hardness
estimate)
and
sample
‘washability’ (ease of separation of
slimes
from
sands
by
manual
attrition).
To
preclude
data
entry
and
transcription errors, the logging data
is captured into a digital data logger at
the rig, which contains pre-set logging
codes. No photographs of samples
are taken.
The digital logs are downloaded daily
and emailed to Image’s head office for
data security and compilation into the
main database server.
Samples visually estimated by the
geologist to contain more than 0.5%
total HM (by weight) are despatched
for analysis along with the intervals
above and below the mineralised
interval.
The level and detail of logging is of
sufficient quality to support Mineral
Resource estimates (MRE).
All the intervals drilled by Image after
2010
have
been
logged.
This
accounts for 80% of the resource
database.
Subsampling techniques and
sample preparation
If core, whether cut or sawn and
whether quarter, half or all core taken.
If non-core, whether riffled, tube
sampled, rotary split, etc and whether
sampled wet or dry.
For all sample types, the nature,
quality and appropriateness of the
sample preparation technique.
Quality control procedures adopted
for
all
sub-sampling
stages
to
maximise representivity of samples.
Measures taken to ensure that the
sampling is representative of the in-
situ material collected, including for
instance
results
for
field
duplicate/second-half sampling.
Whether sample sizes are appropriate
to the grain size of the material being
sampled.
Approximately 78% of samples were
analysed for total heavy minerals
(HM).
The sample from the internal RC rods
is directed to a cyclone and then
through a ‘rotating-chute’ custom-built
splitting device. This device allows
different fraction splits from the
cyclone sample stream to be directed
to two 25 cm by 35 cm calico bags (as
the laboratory despatch and reject
samples. The rotary splitter directs
10 increments from the stream to the
laboratory despatch samples, for a
specified sampling interval.

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For resource definition drilling, two
(replicate) 1/8 mass splits (each
1.25 kg) are collected from the rotary
splitter into two pre-numbered calico
bags for each down hole interval.
Selected replicate samples were
collected and analysed to quantify
field
sampling
precision,
or
as
samples contributing to potential
future metallurgical composites.
Iluka is understood to have used a
similar procedure, albeit no records
are available to support this assertion.
To monitor sample representation and
sample number correctness, Image
weighs
the
laboratory
despatch
samples prior to despatch. The
laboratory then weighs the received
sample and reports the mass to
Image. This quality control ensures no
mix up of sample numbers and is also
a proxy for sample recovery.
Image considers the nature, quality
and size of the sub samples collected
are consistent with best industry
practices of mineral sands explorers
in the Perth Basin region.
Quality of assay data and
laboratory tests
The
nature,
quality
and
appropriateness of the assaying and
laboratory
procedures
used
and
whether the technique is considered
partial or total.
For geophysical tools, spectrometers,
handheld XRF instruments, etc, the
parameters used in determining the
analysis including instrument make
and model, reading times, calibrations
factors applied and their derivation,
etc.
Nature of quality control procedures
adopted (e.g. standards, blanks,
duplicates,
external
laboratory
checks) and whether acceptable
levels of accuracy (i.e. lack of bias)
and precision have been established.
Image
and
Iluka
used
industry
standard approaches to estimating
the contents of HM, slimes and
oversize involving washing slimes
from samples, then extracting the
heavy minerals from the residual
sands using heavy media.
Image engaged two laboratories
(Western GeoLabs and Diamantina
Laboratory) for sample analysis.
Image inserted standard samples for
assaying undertaken in 2020.
Both Iluka and Image collected
duplicate samples, including field
duplicates of the primary sample and
laboratory duplicates at the laboratory
sub sampling stage (post de-sliming).
Analysis of QAQC data for the drilling
programs indicates that it is of
moderate to high quality and supports
resource estimation.
QEMSCAN analysis has been used to
estimate the ilmenite, leucoxene,
rutile,
zircon
and
monazite
concentrations within the total HM.
Verification of sampling and
assaying
The
verification
of
significant
intersections by either independent or
alternative company personnel.
The use of twinned holes.
No
twinned
holes
have
been
intentionally drilled, but there are
several holes drilled within <5 m of
each other. Results from both sets of
drillholes are consistent.

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Documentation of primary data, data
entry procedures, data verification,
data storage (physical and electronic)
protocols.
Discuss any adjustment to assay
data.
Image collected primary data on hard
copy logs and also using a data
logger. Data from laboratories was
provided in digital form and compiled
in Microsoft Access databases and
spreadsheets.
In 2017, 28 samples of -2mm+53 µm
HMC were screened at 63 µm to
assess the total HM in the -
63 µm fraction. This data was used to
determine an adjustment factor to
derive estimates of the % total HM
within the -63 μm fraction from the %
total HM within the -53 μm fraction for
samples where the % total HM from
the -63 μm fraction was not available.
Location of data points Accuracy and quality of surveys used
to
locate
drillholes
(collar
and
downhole surveys), trenches, mine
workings and other locations used in
Mineral Resource estimation.
Specification of the grid system used.
Quality and adequacy of topographic
control.
Drillhole collars at Atlas have been
surveyed using handheld, DGPS and
RTK DGPS methods, with the latter
method deemed most accurate.
The collar coordinates and survey
ground controls have been tied to the
Landgate GOLA database by a
registered surveyor.
All collars for the MRE have been
adjusted to a LiDAR topographic
model described below.
Data for Atlas has been surveyed in
MGA Zone 50 GDA94. The mineral
resource has been estimated in the
same coordinate system due to the
north-south trending nature of Atlas.
The topographic model for Atlas is
based on LiDAR survey. A review of
this survey by Image did not produce
any
significant
variation
in
the
resource.
Data spacing and distribution Data
spacing
for
reporting
of
Exploration Results.
Whether
the
data
spacing
and
distribution is sufficient to establish
the degree of geological and grade
continuity appropriate for the Mineral
Resource
and
Ore
Reserve
estimation
procedure(s)
and
classifications applied.
Whether sample compositing has
been applied.
Within
the main strandline,
the
majority of the drilling is at 10 m to 25
m centres on 50 m to 150 m spaced
section lines with some infill drillholes
at a closer spacing of down to 5 m
across strike and 15 m along strike.
Outside of the main strandline the
nominal drill spacing is approximately
20 m across strike on section lines
spaced at 100 m or 200 m along strike
and some areas have been drilled at
a wider spacing of up to 50 m by
300 m
The drill database used in the
resource estimate comprises 1,855
drillholes for a total 23,708 m drilled
by Image, RGC and Iluka between
1989 and 2020.
Samples
for
HM
assemblage
determination were composited on
intervals according to a combination
of grade and geology appropriate to
reflect resource estimation domains.

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The Mineral Resource includes the
results of 103 composite samples of
heavy mineral concentrate (HMC)
collected from 243 drillholes (over a
total of 1,474 m) which were analysed
by QEMSCAN to determine the heavy
mineral assemblage.
The data spacing and distribution is
sufficient to establish the degree of
geological
and
grade
continuity
appropriate for the Mineral Resource
estimation
procedure
and
classification applied.
Orientation of data in relation to
geological structure
Whether the orientation of sampling
achieves
unbiased
sampling
of
possible structures and the extent to
which this is known, considering the
deposit type.
If the relationship between the drilling
orientation and the orientation of key
mineralised structures is considered
to have introduced a sampling bias,
this should be assessed and reported
if material.
All drillholes are vertical and intersect
sub-horizontal
strata.
This
is
appropriate for the orientation of the
mineralisation and will not have
introduced a bias.
Sample security The measures taken to ensure
sample security.
All samples are collected from site by
Image’s staff as soon as practicable
once drilling is completed and then
delivered to Image’s locked storage
sheds.
Image’s staff deliver samples to the
laboratory and collect heavy mineral
floats from the laboratory, which are
also stored in Image’s locked storage.
Image considers there is negligible
risk
of
deliberate
or
accidental
contamination
of
samples.
Occasional
sample
mix-ups
are
corrected using Images checking and
quality control procedures.
Audits or reviews The results of any audits or reviews of
sampling techniques and data.
The results and logging have been
reviewed internally by Image’s senior
exploration
personnel
including
checking of masses despatched and
delivered,
checking
of
standard
results, and verification logging of
significant intercepts.

Section 2 Reporting of Exploration Results

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
Mineral tenement and land tenure
status
Type, reference name/number,
location and ownership including
agreements or material issues with
third parties such as joint ventures,
partnerships, overriding royalties,
native title interests, historical sites,
wilderness or national park and
environmental settings.
The Atlas deposit is within granted
mining lease M70/1305 (expiry
31/03/2042); exploration licences
E70/2636 (expiry 19/02/2023),
E70/2898 (expiry 13/11/2022, renewal
pending) and E70/3997 (expiry
10/10/2025). Image has a 100%
interest in each of these licences.

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Page 26 of 36

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
The security of the tenure held at the
time of reporting along with any
known impediments to obtaining a
licence to operate in the area.
Exploration done by other parties Acknowledgment and appraisal of
exploration by other parties.
The Atlas deposit was discovered by
RGC, which drilled out the deposit to
an Inferred Resource Status. The
work is well documented in reports
from Iluka, and prior Mineral
Resource estimator Widenbar and
Associates (2011).
Geology Deposit type, geological setting and
style of mineralisation.
Atlas is hosted in the Perth Basin, in
surficial marine sediments eroded into
Cretaceous basal sediments during
the Pleistocene marine
transgressions.
The host sediments consist of
unconsolidated well sorted sands and
clayey sands, sitting over basal
sediments of very fine to granular or
pebbly, poorly sorted sands and
clayey sands.
Atlas has one major strandline of
heavy minerals, with seven minor
strandlines interpreted to the north,
east and west of the main strandline
and a small area of mineralisation
above the main strandline.
The basement to the strandline
mineralisation is identified by an
increase in slimes and or oversize
and/or coarser gain size.
Drillhole information A summary of all information material
to the understanding of the
exploration results including a
tabulation of the following information
for all Material drillholes:
easting and northing of the drillhole
collar
elevation or RL (Reduced Level –
elevation above sea level in
metres) of the drillhole collar
dip and azimuth of the hole
downhole length and interception
depth
hole length.
Not relevant – Mineral Resource
defined. Exploration results are not
being reported for the Mineral
Resource area.
Data aggregation methods In reporting Exploration Results,
weighting averaging techniques,
maximum and/or minimum grade
truncations (e.g. cutting of high
grades) and cut-off grades are usually
Material and should be stated.
Not relevant – Mineral Resource
defined. Exploration results are not
being reported for the Mineral
Resource area.
There are no metal equivalent values
assumptions applied in the Mineral
Resource reporting.

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Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
Where aggregate intercepts
incorporate short lengths of high
grade results and longer lengths of
low grade results, the procedure used
for such aggregation should be stated
and some typical examples of such
aggregations should be shown in
detail.
The assumptions used for any
reporting of metal equivalent values
should be clearly stated.
Relationship between
mineralisation widths and intercept
lengths
These relationships are particularly
important in the reporting of
Exploration Results.
If the geometry of the mineralisation
with respect to the drillhole angle is
known, its nature should be reported.
The geometry of the Atlas
mineralisation is effectively horizontal
and the vertical drillholes used to
define the Mineral Resource give the
approximate true thicknesses of
mineralisation.

Section 3 Estimation and Reporting of Mineral Resources

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
Database integrity Measures taken to ensure that data
has not been corrupted by, for
example, transcription or keying
errors, between its initial collection
and its use for Mineral Resource
estimation purposes.
Data validation procedures used.
The drillhole database is managed by
Image. Maintenance of the database
includes internal data validation
protocols by Image.
For the Mineral Resource estimate
the drillhole data was extracted
directly from Image’s Access
database.
Data was further verified and
validated by Snowden Optiro using
mining software (Datamine) validation
protocols, and visually in plan and
section views.
Site visits Comment on any site visits
undertaken by the Competent Person
and the outcome of those visits.
Mrs Christine Standing (CP for the
Mineral Resource estimate) has not
visited the Atlas deposit. She has
visited other mineral sands deposits
in the North Perth Basin including
Image’s Boonanarring deposit during
December 2016.
Geological interpretation Confidence in (or conversely, the
uncertainty of) the geological
interpretation of the mineral deposit.
Nature of the data used and of any
assumptions made.
The effect, if any, of alternative
interpretations on Mineral Resource
estimation.
The use of geology in guiding and
controlling Mineral Resource
estimation.
The factors affecting continuity both of
grade and geology.
The Yoganup Formation was defined
using a combination of slimes and
oversize data and drillhole lithological
logs.
For the purposes of resource
estimation, this unit was used in
combination with grade criteria
(nominal cut-off grade of 2% total HM)
to define a main strandline, seven
additional strandlines to the north,
west and east of the main strandline
and a small mineralised horizon
above the main strandline.

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Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
A lower grade halo was interpreted
around the strandline mineralisation
and within the Yoganup Formation
using a nominal cut-off grade of 0.5%
total HM.
There is good confidence in the
geological interpretation of the main
strandline. Confidence in the other
strandlines is lower, as reflected by
the classification.
Dimensions The extent and variability of the
Mineral Resource expressed as
length (along strike or otherwise),
plan width, and depth below surface
to the upper and lower limits of the
Mineral Resource.
The main strandline mineralisation
has been shown from drilling to
extend for approximately 5.3 km
north/south. The mineralisation
extends from surface to 16 m depth,
has an average thickness of 3.4 m
and a maximum thickness of 12 m.
Seven additional zones of strandline
mineralisation have been interpreted
to the east, west and north of the
main strandline. These additional
strandlines are not as continuous
along strike as the main strandline
and are thinner and narrower. They
are oriented north-south and strike
lengths range from 0.1 km to 3.7 km.
The top of the strandlines ranges in
depth from surface to 14 m and the
mineralisation extends to a depth of
up to 18 m, with an average thickness
that ranges from 1.4 m to 3.5 m.
Estimation and modelling techniques The nature and appropriateness of
the estimation technique(s) applied
and key assumptions, including
treatment of extreme grade values,
domaining, interpolation parameters
and maximum distance of
extrapolation from data points. If a
computer assisted estimation method
was chosen include a description of
computer software and parameters
used.
The availability of check estimates,
previous estimates and/or mine
production records and whether the
Mineral Resource estimate takes
appropriate account of such data.
The assumptions made regarding
recovery of by-products.
Estimation of deleterious elements or
other non-grade variables of
economic significance (e.g. sulphur
for acid mine drainage
characterisation).
In the case of block model
interpolation, the block size in relation
to the average sample spacing and
the search employed.
Data analysis and estimation was
undertaken by Snowden Optiro using
Snowden Supervisor and Datamine
software.
Wireframe interpretations of
mineralisation were made by
Snowden Optiro based on geological
logging and HM content, using a
threshold of ~2% HM to define the
strandline mineralisation and a
threshold of 0.5% HM to define the
lower grade halo.
Snowden Optiro assessed the
robustness of these domains by
critically examining the geological
interpretation and by using a variety
of measures, including statistical and
geostatistical analysis. The domains
are considered geologically robust in
the context of the resource
classification applied to the estimate.

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Page 29 of 36

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
Any assumptions behind modelling of
selective mining units.
Any assumptions about correlation
between variables.
Description of how the geological
interpretation was used to control the
resource estimates.
Discussion of basis for using or not
using grade cutting or capping.
The process of validation, the
checking process used, the
comparison of model data to drillhole
data, and use of reconciliation data if
available.
The nominal drill spacing is
approximately 20 m across strike on
section lines spaced at 100 m or 200
m along strike. Within the main
strandline there are drillholes at a
closer spacing of down to 5 m across
strike and 15 m along strike and
outside of the main strandline some
areas have been drilled at a wider
spacing of up to 50 m by 300 m.
Drillhole sample data was flagged
from the three-dimensional
interpretation of the mineralised
horizons.
Samples are from intervals of 0.2 m,
0.25 m, 0.3 m, 0.5 m 1 m, 1.5 m and
2 m. As the majority of samples within
the interpreted mineralisation (80%)
are from intervals of 1 m, the data
was composited to 1 m downhole
intervals for resource estimation.
Extrapolation of up to 50 m along
strike and approximately half the drill
spacing across strike was used for
the interpretation.
Total HM grade was estimated using
ordinary kriging (OK) and inverse
distance squared (ID2) into parent
blocks of 10 mE by 50 mN by 1 mRL.
Slimes and oversize quantities were
estimated using OK into the parent
blocks.
Block dimensions were selected from
kriging neighbourhood analysis and
reflect the variability of the deposit
and the model’s practicality for future
mine planning. Sub-cells to a
minimum dimension of 2.5 mE by
12.5 mN by 0.5 mRL were used to
represent the volume of the
strandlines and sub-cells to minimum
dimension of 1.25 mE by 6.25 mN by
0.25 mRL were used for definition of
the possible exclusion area around
the HV powerline.
Zircon, leucoxene, rutile, ilmenite and
monazite (VHM components)
percentages within the HM fraction
were estimated using inverse
distance (squared) into the parent
blocks.

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Page 30 of 36

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
Correlation coefficients of the mineral
assemblage data used for resource
estimation indicate a moderate
positive relationship between ilmenite
and rutile, rutile and zircon, and zircon
and monazite and a poor positive
relationship between leucoxene and
rutile, ilmenite and zircon, and
ilmenite and monazite. There is a
poor negative relationship between
Al-Fe-silicate and rutile, and Al-Fe-
silicate and zircon. The other
variables are not correlated
(correlation coefficients are less than
0.3).
All variables were estimated
separately and independently.
Hard boundaries were applied to the
estimation of HM, slimes and oversize
and the VHM components within the
mineralisation domains.
Grade capping was applied to HM
within the lower grade halo and to
slimes % and oversize % within the
lower grade halo and the mineralised
strandlines. The top cut levels were
determined using a combination of
top cut analysis tools, including grade
histograms, log probability plots and
the coefficient of variation.
Variogram analysis was undertaken
to determine the kriging estimation
parameters used for OK estimation of
HM, slimes and oversize and the
search dimensions used for ID
estimation of the VHM components.
HM mineralisation continuity was
interpreted from variogram analyses
to have an along strike range of
540 m and an across strike range of
45 m within the main strandline.
Within the other mineralised
strandlines HM mineralisation has an
along strike range of 210 m and an
across strike range of 87 m. Within
the lower grade halo HM
mineralisation has an along strike
range of 120 m and an across strike
range of 75 m.
The mineral assemblage continuity
was interpreted from variogram
analyses to have an along strike
range of 640 m (ilmenite, rutile and
leucoxene) and 830 m (zircon) and an
across strike ranges of 230 m for
ilmenite and rutile, 280 m for
leucoxene and 420 m for zircon.

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Page 31 of 36

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
Kriging neighbourhood analysis was
performed in order to determine the
block size, sample numbers and
discretisation levels.
Three estimation passes were used
for HM; the first search was based
upon the variogram ranges; the
second search was two times the
initial search and the third search was
up to five times the initial search with
reduced sample numbers. The
majority of blocks (65%) were
estimated in the first pass, 32% in the
second pass and 4% in the third pass.
The HM, slimes and oversize
estimated block model grades were
visually validated against the input
drillhole data and comparisons were
carried out against the declustered
drillhole data and by northing, easting
and elevation slices.
The VHM estimated block model
grades were visually validated against
the input drillhole data and
comparisons were carried out against
the drillhole data and by northing and
easting slices.
No production has occurred from the
deposit.
Compared to the 2017 Mineral
Resource estimate, there has been a
5% decrease in tonnes and total HM
grade. This is in line with the
improved definition of the lateritic
material (domain 500). The definition
of lateritic material and down-grading
this to Indicated or Inferred has
reduced the Measured tonnes.
The zircon, ilmenite and leucoxene
grades have increased by 5%, 7%
and 27% respectively and the rutile
grade has increased slightly by 0.3%.
The change in mineral assemblage
reflects the additional mineral
assemblage data obtained for the
strandlines and the lower-grade halo.
The contained total HM has
decreased by 10%, the contained
zircon, rutile and ilmenite have
decreased by 5%, 9%, and 3%
respectively and the contained
leucoxene has increased by 15%.
Moisture Whether the tonnages are estimated
on a dry basis or with natural
moisture, and the method of
determination of the moisture content.
Tonnages are estimated on a dry
basis.

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Page 32 of 36

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
Cut-off parameters The basis of the adopted cut-off
grade(s) or quality parameters
applied.
The Mineral Resource estimate for
the Atlas deposit has been reported
above a 2.0% total HM cut-off. This
cut-off grade was selected by Image
based on technical and economic
assessment and on comparison with
similar deposits for consistency of
reporting with Image’s other deposits.
Mining factors or assumptions Assumptions made regarding
possible mining methods, minimum
mining dimensions and internal (or, if
applicable, external) mining dilution. It
is always necessary as part of the
process of determining reasonable
prospects for eventual economic
extraction to consider potential mining
methods, but the assumptions made
regarding mining methods and
parameters when estimating Mineral
Resources may not always be
rigorous.
Open pit mining methods will be used,
similar to those commonly and
currently in use in HM mining
operations both in Australia and
globally.
Metallurgical factors or assumptions The basis for assumptions or
predictions regarding metallurgical
amenability. It is always necessary as
part of the process of determining
reasonable prospects for eventual
economic extraction to consider
potential metallurgical methods, but
the assumptions regarding
metallurgical treatment processes and
parameters made when reporting
Mineral Resources may not always be
rigorous.
Mineral assemblage data within the
Mineral Resource estimate has been
analysed using QEMSCAN. The
QEMSCAN rules for the titanium
mineral determination are as follows:
•Ilmenite: 50 to 70% TiO2
•Leucoxene: 70 to 95% TiO2
•Rutile: >95% TiO2.
Image considers there are no
metallurgical factors which are likely
to affect the assumption that the
deposit has reasonable prospects for
eventual economic extraction.
Environmental factors or assumptions Assumptions made regarding
possible waste and process residue
disposal options. It is always
necessary as part of the process of
determining reasonable prospects for
eventual economic extraction to
consider the potential environmental
impacts of the mining and processing
operation.
Image is undertaking environmental
studies at Atlas in order to obtain
mining permits. At present Image
considers there are no environmental
factors which are likely to affect the
assumption that the deposit has
reasonable prospects for eventual
economic extraction.
Bulk density Whether assumed or determined. If
assumed, the basis for the
assumptions. If determined, the
method used, whether wet or dry, the
frequency of the measurements, the
nature, size and representativeness
of the samples.
The bulk density for bulk material
must have been measured by
methods that adequately account for
void spaces (vugs, porosity, etc),
moisture and differences between
rock and alteration zones within the
deposit.
A combination of lithology and grades
(total HM and slimes) were used to
determine the density values for the
resource model.

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Page 33 of 36

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
Discuss assumptions for bulk density
estimates used in the evaluation
process of the different materials.
Bulk density assigned values and
formulae were developed by Image
during 2019 for the Boonanarring
deposit (also in the Perth Basin) using
bulk density measurements from a
geotechnical drilling program and in-
pit density measurements. The
assigned values and formulae were
verified and adjusted where required
using data obtained at Boonanarring
during 2020. These assigned values
and formulae have been applied at
Atlas for density estimation.
Classification The basis for the classification of the
Mineral Resources into varying
confidence categories.
Whether appropriate account has
been taken of all relevant factors (i.e.
relative confidence in tonnage/grade
estimations, reliability of input data,
confidence in continuity of geology
and metal values, quality, quantity
and distribution of the data).
Whether the result appropriately
reflects the Competent Person’s view
of the deposit.
The estimate has been classified
according to the guidelines of the
JORC Code (2012), into Measured,
Indicated and Inferred Resources
taking into account data quality, data
density, geological continuity, grade
continuity and confidence in
estimation of heavy mineral content
and mineral assemblage. In plan,
polygons were used to define zones
of different classification within each
of the mineralised domains.
Within the main strandline the
majority of the drilling is at 10 m to 25
m on 50 m to 150 m spaced section
lines and Measured Resources are
defined where there is mineral
assemblage data. Indicated and
Inferred Resources are defined within
the northern area of the strandline
where there is a lack of mineral
assemblage data.
Within the less continuous additional
strandlines, Indicated Resources are
defined where the majority of the
drilling is at 25 m to 40 m on 50 m to
300 m spaced section lines and
mineral assemblage data is available.
Inferred Resources are defined within
areas where there is limited or no
mineral assemblage data.
Audits or reviews The results of any audits or reviews of
Mineral Resource estimates.
The Mineral Resource has been
reviewed internally as part of normal
validation processes by Snowden
Optiro.
No external audit or review of the
current Mineral Resource has been
conducted.
Discussion of relative accuracy/
confidence
Where appropriate a statement of the
relative accuracy and confidence level
in the Mineral Resource estimate
using an approach or procedure
deemed appropriate by the
Competent Person.
The assigned classification of
Measured, Indicated and Inferred
reflects the Competent Persons’
assessment of the accuracy and
confidence levels in the Mineral
Resource estimate.
The confidence levels reflect
production volumes on a quarterly
basis.

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Page 34 of 36

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
The statement should specify whether
it relates to global or local estimates,
and, if local, state the relevant
tonnages, which should be relevant to
technical and economic evaluation.
Documentation should include
assumptions made and the
procedures used.
These statements of relative accuracy
and confidence of the estimate should
be compared with production data,
where available.
No production has occurred from the
deposit.

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Page 35 of 36

The table below summaries the assessment and reporting criteria used for the Atlas deposit Ore Reserves estimates and reflects the guidelines in Table 1 of The Australasian Code for the Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (the JORC Code, 2012).

Section 4 Estimation and Reporting of Ore Reserves

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
Mineral
Resource
estimate for
conversion to
Ore Reserves
Description of the Mineral Resource estimate
used as a basis for the conversion to an Ore
Reserve.
The Mineral Resource estimate used was
prepared by Christine Standing of Snowden
Optiro and classified in accordance with the
JORC 2012 guidelines. The basis of this
Resource estimate is as at December 2022
and was disclosed to the market 15
December
2022.
The
corresponding
Datamine
block
model
is
at_or_8sept2022.dm
Clear statement as to whether the Mineral
Resources are reported additional to, or
inclusive of, the Ore Reserves.
The
Mineral
Resources
are
reported
inclusive of the Ore Reserves.
Site visits Comment on any site visits undertaken by the
Competent Person and the outcome of those
visits.
If no site visits have been undertaken indicate
why this is the case.
A site visit was undertaken in July 2022 by
Per Scrimshaw of Entech Pty Ltd (the
Competent Person for Estimation and
Reporting of Ore Reserves) with the purpose
of the visit being to assess requirements for
evaluating the 2022 Ore Reserve. This visit
encompassed both the Atlas development
site, as well as Image’s operating mine at
Boonanarring.
Study status The type and level of study undertaken to enable
Mineral Resources to be converted to Ore
Reserves.
The Code requires that a study to at least Pre-
Feasibility Study level has been undertaken to
convert Mineral Resources to Ore Reserves.
Such studies will have been carried out and will
have determined a mine plan that is technically
achievable and economically viable, and that
material
Modifying
Factors
have
been
considered.
Image
Resources
completed
a
Pre-
Feasibility Study in 2013 and Bankable
Feasibility study in 2017 which included both
Boonanarring and Atlas projects.
Image
Resources
commenced
mining
operations at Boonanarring in May 2018 and
processing operations in November 2018.
The mine plan underpinning the economic
assessment of the current Ore Reserve for
Atlas is underpinned by
an
updated
Feasibility Study that uses current economic
inputs and modifying factors. That study
confirms a materially positive economic
outcome for the project on a standalone
basis.
Cut-off
parameters
The basis of the cut-off grade(s) or quality
parameters applied.
The cut-off grade has been calculated using
optimisation software on a cashflow basis
and an individual cut-off applied to each
block within the model. The calculations
consider,
among
other
considerations,
individual mineral and product values,
operating
costs,
and
other
practical
considerations
(including
ore
and
overburden variabilities) and HM and product
recoveries. Pit shells upon which final pit
designs are based are generated using this
economic cut-off.
A top of ore surface has been generated
denoting the anticipated interface between
the economic ore and waste after additional
consideration of the practicalities of selective
mining under the proposed mine fleet and
extraction method. All material within the

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Page 36 of 36

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
design pits but below this surface is
considered ore, which includes amounts of
waste, lateritic and low grade mineralisation
outside the main strand mineralised domains
as a diluting material.
Mining factors or
assumptions
The method and assumptions used as reported
in the Pre-Feasibility or Feasibility Study to
convert the Mineral Resource to an Ore Reserve
(i.e. either by application of appropriate factors
by optimisation or by preliminary or detailed
design).
The process for converting the Mineral
Resource to an Ore Reserve estimate
included pit optimisation studies, followed by
detailed mine design and scheduling. Pit
designs
and
life-of-mine
schedules
generated by Image inform the physicals that
support corporate budgeting and planning.
Additionally, they have been reviewed by the
competent person and are deemed suitably
detailed
to
support
an
Ore
Reserve
disclosure.
The choice, nature and appropriateness of the
selected mining method(s) and other mining
parameters including associated design issues
such as pre-strip, access, etc.
A truck and shovel method is proposed for
the mining of the Atlas project. The truck and
shovel method is used in similar dry mining
mineral sands operations in Australia. Similar
methods are currently employed at Image’s
operating Boonanarring mine and are well
understood. Operations at Atlas will employ
a generally smaller sized mine fleet better
suited to the shallower deposit, thinner ore
body, lower strip ratio and lower process feed
rates anticipated.
The assumptions made regarding geotechnical
parameters (e.g. pit slopes, stope sizes, etc),
grade control and pre-production drilling.
Pit design batter angles are based on design
recommendations outlined in a Technical
Memorandum prepared by SRK Consulting.
This report recommended overall slope
angles of 32 degrees be used, which were
assessed to most likely be suitably stable,
even in wet ground conditions. SRK
concluded that geotechnical risks at Atlas are
considered to be low, given the shallow
nature of the excavation and proposed
mining and dewatering methods to be
employed. No further geotechnical studies
are considered to be required.
As is common to most dry mine mineral
sands operations, grade control will be
conducted by a Geologist in pit using
panning to establish ore contacts, in
conjunction with the Mine Surveyor who is
used to stake out ore surfaces.
The major assumptions made and Mineral
Resource model used for pit and stope
optimisation (if appropriate).
The Mineral Resource block model used as
a basis for mine planning models supporting
this
Ore
Reserve
estimate
is
at_or_8sept2022.dm.
The mining dilution factors used. Mining dilution has been considered by
adopting a less selective mining method than
the prior Ore Reserve which included a 2%
provision for mining dilution. A review of the
practicality of mining the relatively thin
mineralised strands anticipated at Atlas has
resulted in increased amounts of lower grade
and unmineralized domain (210, 200 and
300 domains) material being included as
dilution in the ore feed. This material has
The mining recovery factors used.

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Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
been estimated by applying a 300 mm
dilution skin adjustment to the top and bottom
ore surfaces. Additionally, material from the
lateritic domain (500) has been included as a
dilution material where it presents as an
interburden within the mineralised strands
and would present challenges in being
selectively mined separately as waste. A
total of 0.92Mt of dilution material at 1.6%
HM, 5.7% ZrO2 and 26.7% TiO2 is included
in
this
Ore
Reserve
estimate,
or
approximately 20% on a tonnage basis. A
mining recovery factor of 100% is assumed
based on current mining operations and
mining techniques.
Any minimum mining widths used. No minimum mining width considerations
have been made as the minimum pit width is
60 m (at the very southern end of the pit) and
which is deemed to be readily mineable with
the proposed fleet and equipment types.
The manner in which Inferred Mineral Resources
are utilised in mining studies and the sensitivity
of the outcome to their inclusion.
No Inferred Mineral Resources are utilised in
the mining studies or included in the Ore
Reserve. Minor amounts of unclassified
waste domain material (60kt or approx. 1%
of the Ore Reserve tonnes) has been
included as a dilution and classified as
Proved Ore Reserves. No HM grade has
been assigned to the minor amounts of
unclassified waste domain material included
as dilution in the Ore Reserve.
The infrastructure requirements of the selected
mining methods.
Infrastructure
required
includes
accommodation camp and village, site
administration facilities, wet concentration
and
feed
preparation
plants,
mining
contractor
workshop
and
associated
facilities.
Additionally,
power
and
communication facilities will be required, and
existing shire roads will be upgraded to
enable HMC haulage access to Brand
Highway. Much of the existing Boonanarring
process infrastructure will be relocated to
Atlas
upon
conclusion
of
processing
operations at Boonanarring.
Metallurgical
factors or
assumptions
The metallurgical process proposed and the
appropriateness of that process to the style of
mineralisation.
The ore will be processed through a Wet
Concentration Plant (WCP) to produce a
Heavy Mineral Concentrate (HMC) which is
shipped through the Port of Bunbury to
customers with offshore Mineral Separation
Plants (MSP).
Whether the metallurgical process is well-tested
technology or novel in nature.
The WCP uses traditional mineral sands
separation techniques. The process has
been widely utilised in similar operations and
is currently in use at Image’s Boonanarring
operation.
Some
of
the
existing
Boonanarring process infrastructure will be
relocated to Atlas upon conclusion of
processing operations at Boonanarring, so it
is proven in operation and well understood by
the company’s operations personnel. CT1
demonstration plant will have been tested for

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Page 38 of 36

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
over 12 months at Boonanarring upon which
the Atlas WCP will be based.
The nature, amount and representativeness of
metallurgical test work undertaken, the nature of
the metallurgical domaining applied and the
corresponding metallurgical recovery factors
applied.
The Metallurgical parameters have been
derived from test work undertaken on bulk
samples of Atlas ore material and using the
CT1 spiral technology that is proposed for
use at Atlas. Process recoveries used for the
Ore Reserve estimate are

FPP Recovery of 99%

WCP ZrO2Recovery of 96.7%

WCP TiO2Recovery of 91.3%
Any assumptions or allowances made for
deleterious elements.
Deleterious
materials
include
oversize
material and clay fines which are managed
as part of Image’s rehabilitation management
plan and mildly radioactive material, which is
shipped with the HM concentrate at levels
well below public safety limits.
The existence of any bulk sample or pilot scale
test work and the degree to which such samples
are considered representative of the orebody as
a whole.
The Ore Reserve estimation has been based
on the recoveries and processes outlined
above. The Mineral assemblage interpolated
throughout the Resource Model is derived
from 100+ composite samples collected from
400+ drillholes throughout the orebody and
these are used to estimate TiO2and ZrO2
grades. Additionally, Image have been
engaged with Mineral Technologies in testing
the proposed CT1 spiral technology at their
Boonanarring mine, where a demonstration
scale pilot plant was commissioned in early
2022.
For minerals that are defined by a specification,
has the ore reserve estimation been based on
the
appropriate
mineralogy
to
meet
the
specifications?
Yes, mine planning filters and metallurgical
recovery through to final products.
Environmental The status of studies of potential environmental
impacts of the mining and processing operation.
Details of waste rock characterisation and the
consideration of potential sites, status of design
options considered and, where applicable, the
status of approvals for process residue storage
and waste dumps should be reported.
Development of the Atlas Project requires
several approvals, some of which are still in
progress. The most significant of these is
EPA approval, which is required prior to
issuance of a Ministerial Approval Statement.
Image have currently undertaken all relevant
supporting studies (ecological, hydrological,
hydrogeological and Aboriginal Heritage)
required for this process. The proposal has
been referred with public review period
imminent and an indicative timeline for EPA
approval is expected to be June 2023. Image
advises that they consider the proposal to
meet
EPA
objectives
for
all
Key
Environmental Factors, with environmental
offsets proposed to counter residual impacts
on flora and fauna by mine disturbance and
clearing.
Infrastructure The existence of appropriate infrastructure:
availability of land for plant development, power,
water, transportation (particularly for bulk
commodities), labour, accommodation; or the
ease with which the infrastructure can be
provided, or accessed.
Image has purchased adjacent land required
for the accommodation camp and facilities.
Mine and processing infrastructure will be
located on crown land.
Image owns and operates a WCP, feed
preparationplant (FPP), pipes, pumps, and

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Page 39 of 36

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
power
infrastructure
for
mining
at
Boonanarring. Much of this will be relocated
to the Atlas site. Additional infrastructure
works
will
be
required
for
power,
communication, and road access, which
have
been
planned
for
and
costed
accordingly.
Labour will be sourced from the local area
and
surrounds,
with
accommodation
provided on site to support remote work due
to the absence of alternate accommodation
nearby.
Costs The derivation of, or assumptions made,
regarding projected capital costs in the study.
Image have engaged EPCM specialists,
ProjX,
as
part
of
the
Consolidated
Management Team for the Atlas Project
Development. They are also designing the
Process Plant and the facilities related to
this. In developing the capital costs for the
infrastructure, Image/ProjX has based this on
supplier quotes, already incurred costs, or
internally developed costings.
The methodology used to estimate operating
costs.
Mining costs have been estimated using
mining contractor submitted schedule of
rates based on estimated haulage distances
consistent with the current mine plan.
Processing and fixed costs reflect Image
budgeted costs, informed where relevant by
operating
experience
gained
through
operations
at
the
Boonanarring
site.
Transport and port costs are estimated by
contractor submitted rates or actual invoice
unit rates recently incurred. Shipping rates
reflect the latest Image corporate views
based on recent industry trends.
Allowances made for the content of deleterious
elements.
Cost penalties are applied to deleterious
elements associated with slime disposal and
oversize rehandle based on period quantities
produced and disposal method scheduled for
return to the final pit void.
Product specifications deals with deleterious
elements in HMC pricing model.
The source of exchange rates used in the study. Image monitors a range of recognised
external forecasters of foreign exchange
rates but ultimately the exchange rates
applied are an Image assessment. Exchange
rate projections in the Image financial model
use a 0.70 USD:AUD average exchange
rate, for the projected LOM at Atlas.
Derivation of transportation charges. Transportation
charges
reflect
contract
quotes with service providers or are based
upon recently incurred charges. The
transportation charges are included in
logistics costs. Logistics costs include
provision for bagging, handling, transport to
port, port costs and shipping.
The basis for forecasting or source of treatment
and refining charges, penalties for failure to meet
specification, etc.
Allowances for these aspects are considered
within the HMC pricing model as currently
applicable to offtake agreements.

Image Resources NL ABN 57 063 977 579 Level 2, 7 Ventnor Ave West Perth WA 6005 | PO Box 469 West Perth WA 6872

T: 08 9485 2410 www.imageres.com.au

Page 40 of 36

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
The allowances made for royalties payable, both
Government and private.
Allowances made for royalties are 5.03% of
revenue (less allowable deductions) for WA
state government and native title royalties.
Revenue factors The derivation of, or assumptions made
regarding revenue factors including head grade,
metal or commodity price(s) exchange rates,
transportation and treatment charges, penalties,
net smelter returns, etc.
Revenue factors are used to establish pit
sensitivities and to test for robustness of the
Ore Reserve. Optimisation shells have been
generated on 1% revenue increments,
encompassing the bulk of the Resource.
Revenue estimates for pit optimisation
studies and final financial models are based
on a value per unit of ZrO2and TiO2within
the HMC which includes allowance for
downstream dry processing costs incurred
by the customer
Exchange rate projections in the Image
financial model use a 0.70 USD:AUD
average exchange rate, for the projected
LOM at Atlas.
The derivation of assumptions made of metal or
commodity price(s), for the principal metals,
minerals and co-products.
HMC product pricing is based upon a
detailed pricing model contained within
Image’s
offtake
agreements.
These
agreements are commercial-in-confidence;
however, the pricing model calculates the
value of the HMC based on an agreed
estimate of the value of the contained HM
products (ZrO2and TiO2) at Chinese CIF
market
prices.
The
underlying
pricing
assumptions of contained HM products
(zircon, ilmenite, rutile, and leucoxene) are
based upon TZMI long term prices adjusted
for product quality and other factors.
Market
assessment
The demand, supply and stock situation for the
particular commodity, consumption trends and
factors likely to affect supply and demand into
the future.
Image uses independent third-party reports
as a guide as to future supply/demand, and
hence potential pricing, for the underlying
products contained within its HMC and
applies these projected prices to its HMC
sales
price
forecasts
adjusted,
where
necessary, for expected quality differences
of underlying products and expected specific
demand for Image HMC.
Demand for mineral sands products typically
follow global GDP, however CY2021 and
CY2022 saw strong demand across all
products with zircon, rutile and ilmenite
benchmark pricing considerably increased.
Industry forecasts over the next 5 years
suggest that zircon and rutile prices have
likely plateaued and will remain similar to
current levels over the period Atlas is
expected to be operational. Sulfate Ilmenite
prices are forecast to ease from their current
peak due to demand weakness in China.
A customer and competitor analysis along with
the identification of likely market windows for the
product.
Image produce an HMC containing ZrO2and
TiO2products and 100% of Image HMC
product is contracted under a life of mine
offtake to three parties.
Price and volume forecasts and the basis for
these forecasts.
100% of HMC produced at Atlas is
contracted under life of mine offtake
agreements.

Image Resources NL ABN 57 063 977 579 Level 2, 7 Ventnor Ave West Perth WA 6005 | PO Box 469 West Perth WA 6872

T: 08 9485 2410 www.imageres.com.au

Page 41 of 36

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
For
industrial
minerals
the
customer
specification,
testing
and
acceptance
requirements prior to a supply contract.
HMC sales are based on assayed TiO2and
ZrO2
%
within
the
Heavy
Mineral
Concentrate produced.
Economic The inputs to the economic analysis to produce
the net present value (NPV) in the study, the
source and confidence of these economic inputs
including estimated inflation, discount rate, etc.
To
demonstrate
the
Ore
Reserve
is
economic it has been evaluated through a
detailed Image financial model that reflects
current economic inputs as at the date of this
estimate. This process has demonstrated the
Ore Reserve generates materially positive
period cash flows during operations at Atlas.
Discounted cashflows for NPV have been
assessed using a 10% discount rate,
however the discounting effect is minor given
the relatively short duration of processing
operations (26 months).
Macro-economic assumptions used in the
economic analysis of the Ore Reserves, such
as foreign exchange, inflation and discount
rates have been internally generated and
determined through detailed analysis by
Image Resources and benchmarked against
commercially available consensus data
where applicable.
NPV ranges and sensitivity to variations in the
significant assumptions and inputs.
Project
sensitivity
analysis
has
been
undertaken within the detailed financial
model on key economic assumptions, with
cash flow most sensitive to pricing and HM
grade / recovery. At -20% individual
variances to either of these variables the
project remains economic over life of mine
and generates positive cashflows.
Social The status of agreements with key stakeholders
and matters leading to social licence to operate.
Image has a Consultation Strategy which
identifies key external stakeholders and
determines how they will be impacted by the
Project and what influence they have over its
implementation. The aim of such extensive
consultation
is
to
develop
productive
relationships that ensure the Project is
underwritten by sustainable agreements and
necessary
statutory
approvals.
The
Consultation
Strategy
has
also
been
developed
to
secure
the
approvals
necessary for the construction and operation
of the Project, which will require consultation
with the following stakeholders:
• Local Government (including Shire);
• State Government;
• Commonwealth Government;
• Aboriginal groups with a connection to the
Proposal lands; and

Private
landowners,
corporate
and
community stakeholders
Although no land access agreement with the
Yued people is required Image are currently
negotiating a land access and mining
compensation agreement with the Yued to
provide a better structure for an ongoing
relationship with the group.

Image Resources NL ABN 57 063 977 579

Level 2, 7 Ventnor Ave West Perth WA 6005 | PO Box 469 West Perth WA 6872 T: 08 9485 2410 www.imageres.com.au

Page 42 of 36

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
Other To the extent relevant, the impact of the following
on the project and/or on the estimation and
classification of the Ore Reserves:
Any identified material naturally occurring risks. No identifiable naturally occurring risks have
been identified impacting the Ore Reserves.
The status of material legal agreements and
marketing arrangements.
100% of HMC produced at Atlas is
contracted under life of mine offtake
agreements.
The status of governmental agreements and
approvals critical to the viability of the project,
such
as
mineral
tenement
status,
and
government and statutory approvals. There must
be reasonable grounds to expect that all
necessary
Government
approvals
will
be
received within the timeframes anticipated in the
Pre-Feasibility or Feasibility study. Highlight and
discuss the materiality of any unresolved matter
that is dependent on a third party on which
extraction of the reserve is contingent.
Development of the Atlas Project requires
several approvals, some of which are still in
progress. The most significant of these is
EPA approval, which is required prior to
issuance of a Ministerial Approval Statement.
Image have currently undertaken all relevant
supporting studies (ecological, hydrological,
hydrogeological and Aboriginal Heritage)
required for this process. The proposal has
been referred with public review period
imminent and an indicative timeline for EPA
approval is expected to be June 2023. Image
advises that they consider the proposal to
meet
EPA
objectives
for
all
Key
Environmental Factors, with environmental
offsets proposed to counter residual impacts
on flora and fauna by mine disturbance and
clearing.
Other approvals required (including Mining
Proposal / Mine Closure Plan, Dangerous
Goods License, Radiation Management
Plan, Works Approval & Site Environmental
License and License to take Water) have
either been submitted and awaiting approval
or are contingent on the EPA approval
process. Image have a workplan in place to
ensure all required approvals are in place
prior to the time required of the mine plan.
Mining lease M 70/1305 was granted
1/04/2021 with an expiry 31/03/2042 and
Development Approval for the camp was
granted 17 December 2021 by the Shire of
Dandaragan.
Classification The basis for the classification of the Ore
Reserves into varying confidence categories.
Mineral
Resources
converted
to
Ore
Reserves as per JORC 2012 guidelines i.e.,
Measured to Proved, Indicated to Probable.
Minor amounts of unclassified waste domain
material (60kt or approx. 1% of the Ore
Reserve tonnes) has been included as a
dilution and classified as Proved Ore
Reserves.
Whether the result appropriately reflects the
Competent Person’s view of the deposit.
The result reflects the Competent Person’s
view of the deposit.
The proportion of Probable Ore Reserves that
have been derived from Measured Mineral
Resources (if any).
No Probable Ore Reserves have been
derived from Measured Mineral Resources in
this estimate.
Audits or
reviews
The results of any audits or reviews of Ore
Reserve estimates.
The Ore Reserve has been estimated by
independent consultants Entech Pty Ltd with
Image providing the relevant direction and
Entech providing Competent Person signing

Image Resources NL ABN 57 063 977 579 Level 2, 7 Ventnor Ave West Perth WA 6005 | PO Box 469 West Perth WA 6872 T: 08 9485 2410 www.imageres.com.au

Page 43 of 36

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
off on the Ore Reserve. Entech have
undertaken internal peer review during the
process.
Discussion of
relative
accuracy/
confidence
Where appropriate a statement of the relative
accuracy and confidence level in the Ore
Reserve estimate using an approach or
procedure
deemed
appropriate
by
the
Competent Person. For example, the application
of statistical or geostatistical procedures to
quantify the relative accuracy of the reserve
within stated confidence limits, or, if such an
approach
is
not
deemed
appropriate,
a
qualitative discussion of the factors which could
affect the relative accuracy and confidence of the
estimate.
Confidence in mine design and schedule are
high as mining rates are lower than current
Boonanarring operations, pit is shallow with
low strip ratio and a highly conservative
approach to mining dilution has been
adopted.
Confidence in processing assumptions and
method are high as much of the plant will be
relocated from Boonanarring and is well
understood. CT1 demonstration plant will
have been tested for over 12 months at
Boonanarring upon which the Atlas WCP will
be based.
Confidence in operational costs is high as
there is approx. 4+ years of operational
history at Boonanarring upon which many
assumptions have been based.
Consideration
of
pit
shell
progression
provides high confidence in the robustness of
the current pit design as removal of the
northern region of the resource from
development in this Ore Reserve estimate
focusses the design to regions of the
resource that are higher margin areas of the
deposit and less sensitive to spatial changes
in extent with changing economic inputs.
Revenue estimates are based on short term
forecasts (given the relatively short project
duration), which should be of higher
confidence than those based on more distant
projections in time.
The statement should specify whether it relates
to global or local estimates, and, if local, state the
relevant tonnages, which should be relevant to
technical
and
economic
evaluation.
Documentation should include assumptions
made and the procedures used.
The statement relates to global estimates.
Accuracy and confidence discussions should
extend to specific discussions of any applied
Modifying Factors that may have a material
impact on Ore Reserve viability, or for which
there are remaining areas of uncertainty at the
current study stage.
There remains some uncertainty as to the
amount of internal and other dilution that will
be encountered during mining at Atlas. This
modifying factor is not considered to be
material to the economic viability of the Ore
Reserve as this Ore Reserve update has
adopted a far more conservative approach to
the application of dilution than that prior
(approx. 20% dilution included in current
estimate, from 2% used prior). If operations
can selectively discard much of that material,
this would enhance the overall project
economics and increase the robustness of
the Ore Reserve as significant reductions in
ore feed variable and project fixed costs
would result.
It is recognised that this may not be possible or
appropriate
in
all
circumstances.
These
statements of relative accuracy and confidence
Atlas is currently a development project and
as such no production data currently exists
with which to reconcile estimates to actual
operating metrics

Image Resources NL ABN 57 063 977 579 Level 2, 7 Ventnor Ave West Perth WA 6005 | PO Box 469 West Perth WA 6872

T: 08 9485 2410 www.imageres.com.au

Page 44 of 36

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
of the estimate should be compared with
production data, where available.

Image Resources NL ABN 57 063 977 579 Level 2, 7 Ventnor Ave West Perth WA 6005 | PO Box 469 West Perth WA 6872 T: 08 9485 2410 www.imageres.com.au

Page 45 of 36