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HAVILAH RESOURCES LIMITED — Capital/Financing Update 2021
Jul 12, 2021
65038_rns_2021-07-12_96cf7cc0-d28d-410c-b2a7-a0cca5507509.pdf
Capital/Financing Update
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ASX MEDIA RELEASE
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[ 13 July 2021]
HIGH COPPER GRADES AT EAST KALKAROO
HIGHLIGHTS
- Economic grades of copper sulphide and oxidised gold mineralisation in recent East Kalkaroo resource confirmation drillholes, including:
39 metres of 1.62% copper
59 metres of 0.83% copper and 0.28 g/t gold
34 metres of 0.70% copper and 0.78 g/t gold
15 metres of 1.59 g/t gold.
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Drilling indicates the top of a potentially large breccia-veined mineralised system at depth.
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Continuing steady progress on the various outstanding West Kalkaroo pre-development tasks, aiming for commencement of development during 2022.
Havilah’s Technical Director, Dr Chris Giles, said:
“Our RC (reverse circulation) drilling at East Kalkaroo has returned some excellent drilling intercepts in highly brecciated (fractured and broken) and veined host rocks.
“This mineralisation is known to continue to at least 500 metres depth based on an earlier 2001 drillhole.
“These results highlight the possibility of breccia-vein style copper-gold mineralisation below the current Kalkaroo JORC Mineral Resource that may have bulk tonnage underground mining potential.
“Our priority objective remains advancing the West Kalkaroo gold open pit towards development during 2022, subject to a final investment decision by the Havilah Board, obtaining financing and final South Australian government approvals,” he said.
Havilah Resources Limited ( Havilah or the Company ) ( ASX : HAV ) is pleased to report assay results for four recent RC drillholes at East Kalkaroo that were designed to test for breccia-hosted copper-gold mineralisation at the eastern end of the Kalkaroo orebody (Figure 1).
These RC holes were specifically targeted on the Kalkaroo fault zone at East Kalkaroo to test for deeper copper-gold sulphide mineralisation in areas marginal to the current Kalkaroo JORC Mineral Resource. Widespread copper and gold mineralisation was intersected in all drillholes, closely associated with highly brecciated (fractured and broken) and veined host rocks within or adjacent to the Kalkaroo fault zone (Figure 2). Significant results are summarised below.
KKRC0612 : 34 metres of 0.70% copper and 0.78 g/t gold from 100-134 metres (native copper zone) KKRC0613 : 39 metres of 1.62% copper from 131-170 metres (mainly copper sulphide zone), and 15 metres of 1.59 g/t gold from 118-133 metres (saprolite gold zone)
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KKRC0614 : 9 metres of 0.58% copper from 154-163 metres (copper sulphide with some gold), and 15 metres of 0.67% copper from 173-188 metres (copper sulphide with some gold)
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KKRC0615 : 59 metres of 0.83% copper and 0.28 g/t gold from 145-204 metres (in copper sulphide zone to end of hole at 204 metres), and
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21 metres of 0.54 g/t gold from 118-139 metres (native copper zone).
Havilah Resources Limited ABN 39 077 435 520 ASX : HAV
Website : www.havilah-resources.com.au Tel : +61 (08) 7111 3627 Email : [email protected]
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Figure 1 Location of East Kalkaroo drillholes and cross-section line A-B (Figure 2). Also shown is the planned West Kalkaroo gold open pit outline (blue), which is currently being advanced towards development. The area of bulk tonnage underground mining potential in the footwall, corresponding to the breccia-vein zone, is shown in green.
Notably all East Kalkaroo drillholes ended in brecciated and mineralised material associated with the interpreted position of the major Kalkaroo fault zone. For these drillholes the assay results are copperrich in the sulphide zone, with gold mineralisation tending to be patchy and less consistent within the copper mineralised intervals. However, appreciable gold was encountered in the oxidised ore zone (see results for drillholes KKRC0613 and KKRC0615) and it is planned to further test this mineralisation with an additional tier of shallower drillholes in due course, subject to Havilah’s other work priorities. Assay results are generally consistent with the few earlier drillholes that intersected this zone, such as the 2008 Havilah diamond drillhole KKDD196A, with results as follows:
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KKDD196A : 33 metres of 1.0% copper and 0.25 g/t gold from 119-152 metres,
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10 metres of 0.47% copper and minor gold from 165-175 metres,
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22 metres of 0.54% copper and 0.14 g/t gold from 209-231 metres, and 11 metres of 0.47% copper and 0.15 g/t gold from 252-263 metres.
Of particular significance is an earlier MIM Exploration Ltd diamond drillhole (KMD001) in the near vicinity, which intersected the widest and deepest zone of primary copper-gold mineralisation ever drilled on the Kalkaroo deposit, with an intersection of:
KMD001 : 317.4 metres of 0.26% copper and 0.1 g/t gold from 316-633.4 metres (end of hole).
This mineralisation is largely hosted by brittle-fractured intensely albitised metasediments that lie in the immediate footwall to the typical Kalkaroo stratabound replacement style copper-gold mineralisation (Figure 2). It represents a potentially large mineralised zone at East Kalkaroo, that has only ever been tested by just the one drillhole (namely KMD001), to a vertical depth of 500 metres at this location.
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Figure 2 Cross-section line A-B showing new assay results for drillhole KKRC0615 and the most significant results for earlier diamond drillholes KKDD196A (Havilah 2008) and KMD001 (MIM Exploration Ltd 2001). Drillhole KKDD196A is largely confirmatory of the copper intersections and geology in KKRC0615. Drillhole KMD001 intersected a thick zone of mineralised brecciated and veined albitised metasediments (green triangle symbol) mostly in the footwall to the typical Kalkaroo stratabound replacement copper sulphide mineralisation resource envelope (diagonal blue line symbol). This brecciation is much wider than that normally associated with the Kalkaroo fault zone (red).
The high tenor of copper mineralisation intersected at much shallower depths in the recent drillholes (KKRC0612-0615) and an earlier drillhole (KKDD196A) as reported above indicates a well mineralised system, pointing to the potential of the breccia-vein copper sulphide mineralisation at depth. Testing of this deep breccia-vein zone is beyond the current depth capacity of Havilah’s RC drilling rig that it manages and operates and will be followed up in due course by contract diamond drilling, subject to Havilah’s other work priorities.
In the meantime, Havilah has now completed its planned current drilling program at Kalkaroo and has mobilised its drilling equipment to the Mutooroo copper-cobalt-gold project area approximately 70 km to the south of Kalkaroo. This drilling program will commence next week at the Cockburn prospect, located
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within sight of the border town of Cockburn and approximately 45 km southwest of the regional mining centre of Broken Hill. The prospect is marked by an outcropping sulphide gossan with associated highly anomalous copper, cobalt and gold geochemistry at the surface (up to 0.26% copper, 0.16% cobalt and 1.03 g/t gold) (refer to ASX announcement of 7 December 2018 page 17, noting name change to Cockburn prospect from Viper previously).
About the Kalkaroo copper-gold-cobalt deposit
Havilah’s 100% owned Kalkaroo copper-gold-cobalt deposit contains JORC Mineral Resources of 1.1 million tonnes of copper, 3.1 million ounces of gold and 23,200 tonnes of cobalt. It has an open pit JORC Ore Reserve of 100.1 million tonnes at a copper equivalent ( CuEq ) grade of 0.89% of which 90% is in the Proved category (refer to JORC tables below taken from Havilah’s 2020 Annual Report in ASX announcement of 27 October 2020). As such, Kalkaroo is one of the largest undeveloped open pit coppergold deposits in Australia on a CuEq Ore Reserve basis.
Havilah has already secured the required mining permits for the Kalkaroo project (Mining Leases and Miscellaneous Purposes Licences). It also owns the surrounding Kalkaroo Station pastoral lease, a nonmineral asset on which the Kalkaroo project is located, thus reducing land access risks for the project. Kalkaroo could be a future source of ethically produced metals vital to modern society, operating under industry best practice ESG regulations that are enforced by the South Australian government.
Havilah’s priority objective is completion of outstanding West Kalkaroo pre-development tasks required to commence development of the West Kalkaroo gold open pit during 2022 subject to a final investment decision by the Havilah Board, obtaining financing and final South Australian government approvals. West Kalkaroo is planned to be the first lower capital stage in the potential development of the much larger and longer-term Kalkaroo copper-gold sulphide mining project.
Cautionary Statement
This announcement contains certain statements which may constitute ‘forward-looking statements’. Such statements are only predictions and are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties which could cause actual values, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed, implied, or projected in any forwardlooking statements. Investors are cautioned that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and investors are cautioned not to put undue reliance on forward-looking statements due to the inherent uncertainty therein. Given the ongoing uncertainty relating to the duration and extent of the global COVID19 pandemic, and the impact it may have on the demand and price for commodities (including copper and gold), on our suppliers and workforce, and on global financial markets, the Company continues to face uncertainties that may impact its operating and financing activities.
Competent Person’s Statements
The information in this announcement that relates to Exploration Results, JORC Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves is based on data and information compiled by geologist Dr Chris Giles, a Competent Person who is a member of The Australian Institute of Geoscientists. Dr Giles is Technical Director of the Company, a full-time employee and is a substantial shareholder. Dr Giles has sufficient experience, which is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activities being undertaken to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of ‘Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves’ . Dr Giles consents to the inclusion in the announcement of the matters based on his information in the form and context in which it appears.
The Company confirms that it is not aware of any new information or data that materially affects the information included in the relevant ASX announcements.
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Kalkaroo JORC Ore Reserves as at 31 July 2020 from Havilah 2020 Annual Report
| Project | Classification | Tonnes (Mt) |
Copper % |
Gold g/t |
Copper | tonnes (Kt) |
Gold ounces (Koz) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kalkaroo | 1 | Proved | 90.2 | 0.48 | 0.44 | 430 | 1,282 | |||
| Probable | 9.9 | 0.45 | 0.39 | 44 | 125 | |||||
| Total | 100.1 | 0.47 | 0.44 | 474 | 1,407 | |||||
| Kalkaroo | JORC Mineral Resources as at | 31 July 2020 | from Havilah 2020 Annual | Report | ||||||
| Project | Classification | Resource Category |
Tonnes | Copper % |
Cobalt % |
Gold g/t |
Copper tonnes |
Cobalt tonnes |
Gold ounces |
| Project | Classification Tonnes (Mt) Copper % Gold g/t Copper tonnes (Kt) Gold ounces (Koz) |
Classification Tonnes (Mt) Copper % Gold g/t Copper tonnes (Kt) Gold ounces (Koz) |
Classification Tonnes (Mt) Copper % Gold g/t Copper tonnes (Kt) Gold ounces (Koz) |
Classification Tonnes (Mt) Copper % Gold g/t Copper tonnes (Kt) Gold ounces (Koz) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kalkaroo1 | Proved 90.2 0.48 0.44 430 1,282 Probable 9.9 0.45 0.39 44 125 |
|||
| Total 100.1 0.47 0.44 474 1,407 |
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| Kalkaroo JORC Mineral Resources as at 31 July 2020 from Havilah 2020 Annual Report | ||||
| Project | Classification Resource Category |
Tonnes Copper % |
Cobalt Gold Copper |
Cobalt tonnes Gold ounces |
| % g/t tonnes |
||||
| Kalkaroo2 | Measured Oxide Gold Cap Indicated Oxide Gold Cap Inferred Oxide Gold Cap |
12,000,000 6,970,000 2,710,000 |
0.82 0.62 0.68 |
316,400 138,900 59,200 |
| Total Oxide Gold Cap |
21,680,000 | 0.74 | 514,500 | |
| Measured Sulphide Copper-Gold Indicated Sulphide Copper-Gold Inferred Sulphide Copper-Gold |
85,600,000 0.57 27,900,000 0.49 110,300,000 0.43 |
0.42 487,900 0.36 136,700 0.32 474,300 |
1,155,900 322,900 1,134,800 |
|
| Total Sulphide Copper-Gold |
223,800,000 0.49 |
0.36 1,096,600 |
2,590,300 | |
| Total Kalkaroo | 245,480,000 | 1,096,600 | 3,104,800 | |
| Inferred Cobalt Sulphide3 |
193,000,000 | 0.012 | 23,200 |
Numbers in above tables are rounded.
Footnotes to 2020 JORC Ore Reserve and Mineral Resource Tables
1 Details released to the ASX: 18 June 2018 (Kalkaroo)
2 Details released to the ASX: 30 January 2018 and 7 March 2018 (Kalkaroo)
3 Note that the Kalkaroo cobalt Inferred Resource is not added to the total tonnage
This release has been authorised on behalf of the Havilah Resources Limited Board by Mr Simon Gray.
For further information visit www.havilah-resources.com.au
Contact: Dr Chris Giles, Technical Director, on (08) 7111 3627 or email [email protected] Registered Office: 107 Rundle Street, Kent Town, South Australia 5067
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Appendix 1
Sections 1 and 2 below provide a description of the sampling and assaying techniques in accordance with Table 1 of The Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results.
Details for drillholes cited in the text (* signifies new drillholes)
| Hole Number | Easting m | Northing m | RL m | Grid azimuth |
Dip degrees |
EOH depth metres |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KKRC0612* | 456060 | 6489489 | 118 | 160 | -60 | 186 |
| KKRC0613* | 456151 | 6489526 | 118 | 161 | -65 | 204 |
| KKRC0614* | 456247 | 6489554 | 118 | 161 | -60 | 192 |
| KKRC0615* | 456325 | 6489571 | 118 | 162 | -65 | 204 |
| KMD001 | 456450 | 6489828 | 117 | 180 | -60 | 633.4 |
| KKDD196A | 456412 | 6489580 | 118 | 195 | -70 | 273 |
| Datum: AGD66 Zone 54 |
Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Sampling techniques |
• Nature and quality of sampling (eg cut channels, random chips, or specific specialised industry standard measurement tools appropriate to the minerals under investigation, such as down hole gamma sondes, or handheld XRF instruments, etc). These examples should not be taken as limiting the broad meaning of sampling. • Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample representivity and the appropriate calibration of any measurement tools or systems used. • Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are Material to the Public Report. In cases where ‘industry standard’ work has been done this would be relatively simple (eg ‘reverse circulation drilling was used to obtain 1 m samples from which 3 kg was pulverised to produce a 30 g charge for fire assay’). In other cases more explanation may be required, such as where there is coarse gold that has inherent sampling problems. Unusual commodities or mineralisation types (eg submarine nodules) may warrant disclosure of detailed information. |
• Sample data was derived from Havilah reverse circulation (RC) drillholes as documented in the table above. • RC assay samples averaging 2-3kg were riffle split at 1 metre intervals. A small number of samples from the lower parts of some holes were too moist to go through the splitter and were collected directly from the cyclone in large plastic bags and grab sampled from them using a scoop. • All RC drill samples were collected into pre- numbered calico bags and packed into polyweave bags by Havilah staff for shipment to the assay lab in Adelaide. |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Drilling techniques |
• Drill type (eg core, reverse circulation, open-hole hammer, rotary air blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and details (eg core diameter, triple or standard tube, depth of diamond tails, face- sampling bit or other type, whether core is oriented and if so, by what method, etc). |
• All RC holes were drilled with a 121mm face sampling bit. All samples were collected via riffle splitting directly from the cyclone. A small number of samples from the lower parts of some holes were too moist to go through the splitter and were collected directly from the cyclone in large plastic bags and grab sampled from them using a scoop. |
| Drill sample recovery |
• Method of recording and assessing core and chip sample recoveries and results assessed. • Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and ensure representative nature of the samples. • Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery and grade and whether sample bias may have occurred due to preferential loss/gain of fine/coarse material. |
• The sample yield and wetness of the RC samples was routinely recorded in drill logs. A small number of samples from the lower parts of some holes were too wet to split. • The site geologist and Competent Person consider that overall the results are acceptable for interpretation purposes. • No evidence of significant sample bias due to preferential concentration or depletion of fine or coarse material was observed. • No evidence of significant down hole or inter- sample contamination was observed in the samples that were too wet to split. • Sample recoveries were continuously monitored by the geologist on site and adjustments to drilling methodology were made in an effort to optimise sample recovery andqualitywhere necessary. |
| Logging | • Whether core and chip samples have been geologically and geotechnically logged to a level of detail to support appropriate Mineral Resource estimation, mining studies and metallurgical studies. • Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. Core (or costean, channel, etc) photography. • The total length and percentage of the relevant intersections logged. |
• All RC samples were logged by an experienced geologist directly into a digital logging system with data uploaded directly into an Excel spreadsheet and transferred to a laptop computer. • All RC chip sample trays and some back-up samples are stored on site at Kalkaroo. • Logging is semi-quantitative and 100% of reported intersections have been logged. • Logging is of a sufficiently high standard to support any subsequent interpretations, resource estimations and mining and metallurgical studies. |
| Sub-sampling techniques and sample preparation |
• If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or all core taken. • If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc and whether sampled wet or dry. • For all sample types, the nature, quality and appropriateness of the sample preparation technique. • Quality control procedures adopted for all sub- sampling stages to maximise representivity of samples. • Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is representative of the in situ material collected, |
• RC drill chips were received directly from the drilling rig via a cyclone and were riffle split on 1 metre intervals to obtain 2-3 kg samples. • Sampling size is considered to be appropriate for the style of mineralisation observed. Assay repeatability for gold and other metals has not proven to be an issue in the past and is checked with regular duplicates. • All Havilah samples were collected in numbered calico bags that were sent to BV assay lab in Adelaide. • At BV assay lab the samples are crushed in a jaw crusher to a nominal 10mm (method PR102) from which a 3kg split is obtained using a riffle splitter. The split is pulverized in an LM5 |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| including for instance results for field duplicate/second-half sampling. • Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of the material being sampled. |
to minimum 85% passing 75 microns (method PR303). These pulps are stored in paper bags. • All samples were analysed for gold by 40g fire assay, with AAS finish using BV method FA001 and a range of other metals by BV methods MA101 and 102. • All sample pulps are retained by Havilah so that check or other elements may be assayed usingthesepulps in the future. |
|
| Quality of assay data and laboratory tests |
• The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying and laboratory procedures used and whether the technique is considered partial or total. • For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF instruments, etc, the parameters used in determining the analysis including instrument make and model, reading times, calibrations factors applied and their derivation, etc. • Nature of quality control procedures adopted (eg standards, blanks, duplicates, external laboratory checks) and whether acceptable levels of accuracy (ie lack of bias) and precision have been established. |
• Fire assay method FA001 is a total gold analysis. • Assay data accuracy and precision was continuously checked through submission of field and laboratory standards, blanks and repeats which were inserted at a nominal rate of approximately 1 per 25 drill samples. • Assay data for laboratory standards and repeats for Kalkaroo were previously statistically analysed and no material issues were noted. |
| Verification of sampling and assaying |
• The verification of significant intersections by either independent or alternative company personnel. The use of twinned holes. Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, data verification, data storage (physical and electronic) protocols. • Discuss any adjustment to assay data. |
• Checking of the new Au and Cu assays against Au and Cu assays from adjacent earlier drillholes indicated good overall correlation. • Rigorous internal QC procedures are followed to check all assay results. • All data entry is under control of the responsible geologist, who is responsible for data management, storage and security. |
| Location of data points |
• Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes (collar and down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings and other locations used in Mineral Resource estimation. • Specification of the grid system used. • Quality and adequacy of topographic control. |
• The holes were surveyed using an electronic downhole camera in a stainless steel rod and inner tube. • Present drillhole collar coordinates were surveyed in UTM coordinates using a differential GPS system with an x:y:z accuracy of <10cm and are quoted in AGD66 Zone 54 datum. |
| Data spacing and distribution |
• Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results. • Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient to establish the degree of geological and grade continuity appropriate for the Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and classifications applied. • Whether sample compositing has been applied. |
• The RC drillholes were positioned at appropriate spacings to follow up and evaluate mainly vein style mineralisation. • Sample compositing was not used. |
| Orientation of data in relation to |
• Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased sampling of possible structures and the extent to which this is known, considering the |
• The drillhole azimuth and dip was chosen to intersect the interpreted mineralised zones as nearly as possible to right angles and at the |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| geological structure |
deposit type. • If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the orientation of key mineralised structures is considered to have introduced a sampling bias, this should be assessed and reported if material. |
desired positions to maximise the value of the drilling data. • At this stage, no material sampling bias is known to have been introduced by the drilling direction. |
| Sample security |
• The measures taken to ensure sample security. |
• RC chip samples are directly collected from the riffle splitter in numbered calico bags. • Several calico bags are placed in each polyweave bag which are then sealed with cable ties. The samples are transported to the assay lab by Havilah personnel at the end of each field stint. • There is minimal opportunity for systematic tampering with the samples as they are not out of the control of Havilah personnel until they are delivered to the assay lab. • This is considered to be a secure and reasonable procedure and no known instances of tampering with samples occurred duringthe drilling programs. |
| Audits or reviews |
• The results of any audits or reviews of sampling techniques and data. |
• Ongoing internal auditing of sampling techniques and assay data has not revealed any material issues. • Robert Dennis who was formerly employed by consulting firm RPM Global Asia Limited (‘RPM’) visited Kalkaroo during November 2016 and found field procedures to be of acceptable industry standard. • Wanbao Mining and RPM completed independent re-sampling and assaying for Kalkaroo and found results to be reliable. |
Section 2 Reporting of Exploration Results
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Mineral tenement and land tenure status |
• Type, reference name/number, location and ownership including agreements or material issues with third parties such as joint ventures, partnerships, overriding royalties, native title interests, historical sites, wilderness or national park and environmental settings. • The security of the tenure held at the time of reporting along with any known impediments to obtaining a license to operate in the area. |
• Security of tenure is via current mining leases over Kalkaroo, owned 100% by Havilah. • Exploration drilling is currently being undertaken on Kalkaroo Mining Lease ML 6498. • A Native Title Mining Agreement is in place for Kalkaroo. The agreement was executed between Havilah and the Ngadjuri Adnyamathanha Wilyakali Native Title Aboriginal Corporation. • Havilah owns the Kalkaroo Station pastoral lease on which the drillingis beingconducted. |
| Exploration done by other parties |
• Acknowledgment and appraisal of exploration by other parties. |
• Kalkaroo was explored by a number of major mining groups in the past including Placer Pacific Limited, Newcrest Mining Limited and MIM Exploration Ltd, who completed more than 45,000m of drillingin the region. |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| • All previous exploration data has been integrated into Havilah’s databases. |
||
| Geology | • Deposit type, geological setting and style of mineralisation. |
• In general the mineralisation style is stratabound replacement and vein style copper-gold mineralisation within Willyama Supergroup rocks of the Curnamona Craton. • At Kalkaroo, the stratabound mineralisation is uniformly distributed along more than 3 km of strike that follows an arc around the 35 degree dipping northern nose of the Kalkaroo south dome. It is hosted by an 80m-120m thick mineralised horizon that is sandwiched between psammitic footwall rocks and a thick pelitic hangingwall sequence. • In part, the mineralisation is associated with near-vertical, mineralised quartz vein breccia fracture/fault fillings, which probably formed channel ways for the mineralising fluids. Interference folding resulted in dome structures which probably acted as structural traps for the rising mineralising fluids carried by these vertical structures. • The mineralising events were associated with iron-rich and sodium-rich alteration fronts, which are manifest as widespread fine- grained magnetite in the lower sandy formations and as pervasive albite alteration, overprinted by later potassic veining and alteration. • Erosion in the Mesozoic and Tertiary period exposed the region to prolonged and deep weathering. Consequently, the original sulphide mineralisation shows typical supergene enrichment features in its upper part, caused by oxidation of the primary sulphides in the weathering zone, forming a soft clay rich rock called saprolite. This is manifest in a sub-horizontal stratification of the ore minerals from top to bottom: 1. Supergene free gold in saprolite, with generally minor copper, recoverable by gravity and cyanide leaching methods. 2. Native copper and gold in saprolite, largely recoverable by gravity methods. 3. Chalcocite dominant with gold, recoverable by conventional flotation. 4. Chalcopyrite dominant with gold and locally rich molybdenum, recoverable by conventional flotation. |
| Drill hole information |
• A summary of all information material to the under-standing of the exploration results including a tabulation of the following information for all Material drill holes: |
• This information is provided in the accompanying table for the relevant drillholes. |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
oeasting and northing of the drill hole collar oelevation or RL (Reduced Level – elevation above sea level in metres) of the drill hole collar odip and azimuth of the hole odown hole length and interception depth ohole length • If the exclusion of this information is justified on the basis that the information is not Material and this exclusion does not detract from the understanding of the report, the Competent Person should clearly explain why this is the case. |
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| Data aggregation methods |
• In reporting Exploration Results, weighting averaging techniques, maximum and/or minimum grade truncations (e.g. cutting of high grades) and cut-off grades are usually Material and should be stated. • Where aggregate intercepts incorporate short lengths of high grade results and longer lengths of low grade results, the procedure used for such aggregation should be stated and some typical examples of such aggregations should be shown in detail. • The assumptions used for any reporting of metal equivalent values should be clearly stated. |
• Not applicable as not reporting mineral resources. |
| Relationship between mineralisation widths and intercept lengths |
• These relationships are particularly important in the reporting of Exploration Results. • If the geometry of the mineralisation with respect to the drill hole angle is known, its nature should be reported. • If it is not known and only the down hole lengths are reported, there should be a clear statement to this effect (e.g. ‘down hole length, true width not known’). |
• Downhole lengths are reported. Drillholes are typically oriented with the objective of intersecting mineralisation as near as possible to right angles, and hence downhole intersections in general are as near as possible to true width. • For the purposes of the geological interpretations and resource calculations the true widths are always used. |
| Diagrams | • Appropriate maps and sections (with scales) and tabulations of intercepts should be included for any significant discovery being reported. These should include, but not be limited to a plan view of drill hole collar locations and appropriate sectional views. |
• Not applicable as not reporting a mineral discovery. |
| Balanced Reporting |
• Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes (collar and down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings and other locations used in Mineral Resource estimation. • Where comprehensive reporting of all Exploration Results is not practicable, representative reporting of both low and high grades and/or widths should be practiced to avoid misleading reporting of Exploration Results. |
• Not applicable as not reporting mineral resources. |
| Other | • Other exploration data, if meaningful and material, | • Relevant geological observations are |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| substantive exploration data |
should be reported including (but not limited to): geological observations; geophysical survey results; geochemical survey results; bulk samples - size and method of treatment; metallurgical test results; bulk density, groundwater, geotechnical and rock characteristics; potential deleterious or contaminating substances. |
reported. |
| Further work | • The nature and scale of planned further work (e.g. tests for lateral extensions or depth extensions or large- scale step-out drilling). • Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas of possible extensions, including the main geological interpretations and future drilling areas, provided this information is not commercially sensitive. |
• Additional drilling may be carried out in the future to explore strike and depth extensions and for resource delineation. |
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