Graphite India Ltd. — Investor Presentation 2025

Sep 2, 2025

SANJEEV Digitally signed by SANJEEV MARDA MARDA Date: 2025.09.02 16:56:56 +05'30'

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NSE: GRAPHITE, BSE: 509488

Corporate Presentation September 2025

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Important Notice

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Forward Looking Statements

This presentation contains statements that contain “forward looking statements” including, but without limitation, statements relating to the implementation of strategic initiatives, and other statements relating to Graphite India’s future business developments and economic performance.

While these forward looking statements indicate our assessment and future expectations concerning the development of our business, a number of risks, uncertainties and other unknown factors could cause actual developments and results to differ materially from our expectations.

These factors include, but are not limited to, general market, macro-economic, governmental and regulatory trends, movements in currency exchange and interest rates, competitive pressures, technological developments, changes in the financial conditions of third parties dealing with us, legislative developments, and other key factors that could affect our business and financial performance.

Graphite India undertakes no obligation to publicly revise any forward looking statements to reflect future / likely events or circumstances.

2

Graphite India at a Glance

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Graphite India is globally well positioned through its product quality, scale of operations and manufacturing platform base

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Amongst Largest
98,000 mt
Graphite Electrode
Manufacturer in the Capacity with Plants at
three Locations
World
Strong International
Strong Balance Sheet
Client Base with Exports
with Net Cash Position
constituting 33% of
FY25 Sales
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3

Market Positioning

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Global Market Position		Best-in-Class Operations		Attractive Industry Dynamics		Strong Financial Performance		Investment in Advanced Carbon Technologies
❖Largest supplier of graphite electrode in domestic market ❖One of the leading players in a highly consolidated industry ❖Diversified client base with a global footprint		❖High quality; around 33% of electrode production exported in competition with global players ❖Focus on operational efficiency, productivity and technological know-how results in operating margins in line with market leaders ❖Long-standing relationship with key raw material suppliers including needle coke ❖Access to low cost sources of power		❖Consolidated industry with significant entry barriers due to technology intensive nature of operations ❖Looking ahead, projections indicate that the EAF share could reach 40% by 2030, driven by decarbonization initiatives and investments in clean technologies ❖Strong support for EAF route over traditional blast furnace method due to: • Relatively lower production costs & capex requirement • Operational flexibility • Generates less carbon emissions		❖Consistent cash flows to support organic and inorganic market opportunities ❖Track record of positive cash flow generation despite the difficult market conditions in recent years ❖Strong balance sheet with net cash position ❖Disciplined approach to operational cost controls and prudent capital management ❖Consistent dividend policy		❖Acquired over 60% stake in General Graphene Corporation, a US based company which has developed a breakthrough proprietary technology which would allow it to produce large area, high quality, low cost graphene sheets in industrial applications in scaled up commercial volumes ❖Acquired over 45% stake in Godi India, this investment is part of the strategy to diversify into advanced chemistry battery technologies for the development of EV and energy storage battery cells

Graphite India is globally well positioned through its product quality, scale of operations and manufacturing platform base

4

Corporate Milestones

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Over 50 Years of Experience in the Graphite Electrode Industry

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-Backward
integration Further
Predecessor through expanded
company formed acquisition of Durgapur plant
by Bangur family Fully integrated two CPC Graphite India capacity from
and Great Lakes plant established manufacturing formed from Expanded 34K to 54K MT Installed
Durgapur plant Permanent •
Carbon Corp in Bangalore units in Barauni merger of two capacity from pa taking group Closure of Solar power plant of
(USA) -Amalgamation leading graphite 14K MT pa to capacity to 98K Bengaluru 13.8 MWp
of IGE & GRP electrode players 34K MT pa, MT pa Plant • Wind power plant of
division with in India 18.9 MW
taking group
Carbon capacity to 78K
Corporation Ltd MT pa
1962 1967 1971 1974 1984 1989 1994 1998 2000 2004 2009 2013 2018 2019 2023 2024 2025
Promoted
Durgapur Carbon Corp Ltd with Production Production in Installed 18 Acquired 18K Powmex Steel, an
plant horizontal in IGE FRP/GRP MW power MT electrode undertaking of
started production transfer of technology to Division started Division started capacity in Karnataka manufacturing facility in GKW Limited, was merged Graphite India made Divestment of Bengaluru Land Announced capacity
manufacture Nurnberg, investment Asset expansion plan for
Germany, from 25,000 TPA
graphite in General Closure of
Conradty
electrodes in Graphene German
Nasik Corporation Electrode Plant
Investment in
Notes: 5
Godi India
1. Bangalore plan has been shutdown however, Graphite India electrode capacity remains at 98K MT pa
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Predecessor company formed by Bangur family and Great Lakes Carbon Corp (USA)

Product Overview

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Graphite India

Graphite and Carbon* 89%

Steel* 9%

Others* 2%

• Core expertise in value-added Ultra-High Power (UHP) electrodes

• 98K tonnes/year (TPA) capacity, with flexibility to produce all grades of electrode

• Backward integrated; manufactures Calcined Petroleum Coke for use in electrode manufacturing

• Enhanced product range – large diameter UHP electrodes and specialty graphite products

• Impervious graphite equipment find applications in corrosive chemical industries such as pharma, agro-chemical, chloro-alkali & fertilizer industries

• Largest producer of High-Speed Steel (HSS) in the country

• HSS is used in the manufacture of cutting tools such as drills, taps, milling cutters, reamers, hobs, broaches and special form tools

• HSS cutting tools are essentially utilized in automotive, machine tools, aviation and DIY markets

• Power generation capacity of 18MW through hydel route and 5MWp through solar. It is used primarily for outside power supply

• GRP Pipes for water supply, sewage / industrial effluent collection and disposal, cooling towers, industrial process pipelines, seawater pipelines, industrial ducting and gasoline storage

• Captive power of 18.9MW through wind and 8.8MWp through solar

• Graphite Electrodes

• Carbon Paste

• Specialty Carbon and Graphite

• Impervious Graphite Equipment: Heat Exchangers

• Calcined Petroleum Coke

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Graphite Electrodes

Graphite Electrodes

• High Speed Steel (HSS)

• Alloy Steel

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Steel Melting

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GRP Pipe

6

*Percentage refers to FY2025 Sales Contribution

Manufacturing Platform

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Strategically Located Manufacturing Facilities

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Caters to European Cater to global
Countries
markets
Durgapur
Nasik
Nurnberg
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Graphite India is the largest Indian producer of graphite electrodes and one of the largest globally, by total capacity. Its manufacturing capacity of 98,000 tonnes per annum is spread over three plants at Durgapur and Nashik in India and Nuremberg in Germany

• ❖ The Indian plants are located close to the three main ports of India, offering logistic advantages to clients overseas

• ❖ Closer to customers in Indian markets

• ❖ In 2023, GIL ceased operations at its electrode manufacturing facility in Nuremberg, Germany

7

Customer Reach

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Diversified Premier Global Customer Base

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EUROPE & UK -
RIVA GROUP, ITALY
FERALPI, ITALY TURKEY -
PITTINI, ITALY IDC
ACERINOX, SPAIN EKINCILER
SIDENOR, SPAIN KROMAN
CANADA –
NORTH AMERICA - OUTOKOMPU, UK CELIK
ALTA STEEL
NUCOR GR. HÖGANÄS, SWEDEN ICDAS
ARCELOR MITTAL ( DOFASCO) JAPAN –
SDI GR., KAPTAN
ARCELOR MITTAL ( CONTRECOEUR) TOKYO STEEL / NIPPON /
SSAB,
SOREL FORGE JFFBS / JFE STEEL /
NORTH STAR BLUESCOPE,
AMSTED RAIL AFRICA - : JONAN / AICHI
STERLING STTEL,
EGYPT – EZDK, EZZ Group, SUEZ STEEL
JSW OHIO
MOROCCO – MAGHREB STEEL / RIVA
AMSTED RAIL S. KOREA – HYUNDAI STEEL
MEXICO –
ST GOVAIN
TENARIS (TAMSA) INDONESIA – PTCT / PTCYS
VINTON STEEL
TERNIUM(SIDERAR) MIDDLE EAST - INDIA – TAIWAN – E TOP / WEICHI
ARCELOR MITTAL ( LAZARO CARDENAS) AM/NS, JSW GR., JSPL, SAIL,
QASCO (QATAR),
TATA STEEL
BRAZIL – EMIRATES STEEL,
ARCELOR MITTAL, PIRACICABA SULB ( BAHARIN)
/JUIZ DEFERA UNITED STEEL (KUWAIT)
VALLOREC SOLUCORES SOLB ( HADEED) Australia –
ARGENTINA – GFG ALLIANCE / LIBERTY STEEL
SOUTH AFRICA –
TENARIS ( SIDERCA)
SAMANCORE
ACINDAR
SCAW METALS NEW CALEDONIA - –
COLUMBUS STAINLESS KONIAMBO NICKEL
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8

Industry Positioning

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Global Player with Strong Profitability

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Graphite Electrode Capacity (in thousand tonnes / Year) [2]
202 192
100 98
52
GrafTech Resonac HEG Graphite India Tokai Carbon
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GIL Exports [1]
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37.4% 34.2% 33.5%
30.9%
27.3%
1,034 989
867
791
733
2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Total Exports Export/Sales
Rs. Crore
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❖ Graphite India is one of the largest graphite electrode manufacturers globally

❖ Average capacity utilization was 83% in FY2025 as compared to 82% in FY2024

Note:

1. Fiscal years; Consolidated Gross Sales

2. Source –Company websites and reports

9

Corporate Structure

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Group Organizational Structure

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Graphite India
Limited
Carbon Finance Graphite
Limited International B.V
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100% Subsidiary

60.25% Subsidiary

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General
Bavaria Carbon
Bavaria Bavaria Carbon Specialties GmbH Graphite Cova Graphene
Electrodes GmbH Holdings GmbH GmbH
(under liquidation) Corporation
(United States)
Incorporated Incorporated in Incorporated
in India Netherlands in Germany
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45.76% Associate

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Godi India Private
Limited
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Shareholding Pattern (June - 2025)

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0.1%
65.3%
Promoters
19.6%
Financial Institutions/Banks/ Insurance Companies
Foregin Portfolio Investors
Non Institutions
Others
5.0%
10.1%
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10

Consolidated Financial Performance

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	Q4	Q4	y-o-y	Q3	q-o-q	Year Ended	Year Ended	y-o-y	Comments
(Rs. Crore)	FY2025	FY2024	Growth(%)	FY2025	Growth(%)	FY2025	FY2024	Growth(%)
Net Sales Other Income Total Income EBITDA / (Loss)* Margin (%) Interest Depreciation PBT before Exceptional Items Exceptional Items PBT after Exceptional Items Net Profit Margin (%) Earnings Per Share	666	720 72 792 62 8.6% 3 22 37 - 37 16 2.2% 0.80	(7.5%) (20.8%) (8.7%) 54.8% (33.3%) 13.6% 86.5% - 86.5% nm nm	523 19 542 11 2.1% 2 23 (14) - (14) (21) (4.0)% (1.03)	27.3% nm 33.4% nm 8.7% nm - nm nm nm	2,560	2,950 304 3,254 160 5.4% 17 80 63 954# 1,017 805 27.3% 41.36	(13.2%) 44.1% (7.9%) nm (35.3%) 12.5% nm nm (41.9%) (43.1%) (42.8%)	Y-o-Y and Q-o-Q volumes improved but Net Sales impacted by lower realisations Increase in treasury income due to favourable market conditions in FY2025 despite some decline in the current quarter on y-o-y basis
	57					438
	723					2,998
	96					692
	14.4%					27.0%
	2					11
	25					90
	69					591
	-					-
	69					591
	49					458
	7.4%					17.9%
	2.57					23.65

Notes:

1. *Due to the overall fall in the electrode prices, the Group, in accordance with the applicable Ind AS has recognized inventory on Net Realizable Value (NRV) basis to the extent applicable and has accordingly written down the carrying cost of inventory. The value of such write down (Balance Sheet position) is Rs. 113 Crores as at 31st March, 2025, Rs. 153 Crores as at 31st December, 2024 and Rs. 328 Crores as at 31st March, 2024

2. Includes a net gain of Rs. 954 Crores related to the sale of land in Bengaluru

3. FY2024 EBITDA includes a write back of Rs. 43 Crores charged under Power and Fuel

4. All margins calculated as a percentage of Net Sales (excluding Other Income)

11

Standalone Financial Performance

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	Q4	Q4	y-o-y	Q3	q-o-q	Year Ended	Year Ended	y-o-y	Comments
(Rs. Crore)	FY2025	FY2024	Growth(%)	FY2025	Growth(%)	FY2025	FY2024	Growth(%)
Net Sales Other Income Total Income EBITDA / (Loss)* Margin (%) Interest Depreciation PBT before Exceptional Items Exceptional Item # PBT after Exceptional Items Net Profit Margin (%) Earnings Per Share	645	706 73 779 66 9.3% 2 18 46 - 46 34 4.8% 1.73	(8.6%) (26.0%) (10.3%) 57.6% (50.0%) 22.2% 76.1% - 76.1% 82.4% 83.8%	517 15 532 32 6.2% 1 21 10 - 10 3 0.6% 0.20	24.8% nm 31.4% nm 4.8% nm - nm nm nm	2,420	2,894 291 3,185 207 7.2% 12 70 125 954# 1,079 872 30.1% 44.62	(16.4%) 46.0% (10.7%) nm (50.0%) 15.7% nm nm (47.0%) (47.8%) (47.8%)	Y-o-Y and Q-o-Q volumes improved but Net Sales impacted by lower realisations Increase in treasury income due to favourable market conditions in FY2025 despite some decline in the current quarter on y-o-y basis
	54					425
	699					2,845
	104					656
	16.1%					27.1%
	1					6
	22					81
	81					569
	-					-
	81					569
	62					452
	9.6%					18.7%
	3.18					23.15

Notes:

1. *Due to the overall fall in the electrode prices, the Company, in accordance with the applicable Ind AS has recognized inventory on Net Realizable Value (NRV) basis to the extent applicable and has accordingly written down the carrying cost of inventory. The value of such write down (Balance Sheet position) is Rs. 110 Crores as at 31st March, 2025, Rs. 149 Crores as at 31st December, 2024 and Rs. 298 Crores as at 31st March, 2024 #Includes a net gain of Rs. 954 Crores related to the sale of land in Bengaluru

2. FY2024 EBITDA includes a write back of Rs. 43 Crores charged under Power and Fuel

3. All margins calculated as a percentage of Net Sales (excluding Other Income)

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Quarter Performance Trends

Consolidated Net Sales

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720
666
523
Q4FY24 Q3FY25 Q4FY25
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Consolidated Operating Profit / (Loss)

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96
62
14%
9% 11
2%
Notes: Q4FY24 Q3FY25 Q4FY25
1. Operating Profit / (Loss) is including Other Income
2. All numbers in Crores unless specifically mentioned
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Standalone Net Sales

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706
645
517
Q4FY24 Q3FY25 Q4FY25
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Standalone Operating Profit / (Loss)

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104
9% 6%
66
16%
32
Q4FY24 Q3FY25 Q4FY25
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13

Quarter Performance Trends

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Consolidated Net Profit / (Loss) Standalone Net Profit / (Loss)
49 62
7%
10%
16 34
2%
5%
(4)%
3
1%
(21)
Q4FY24 Q3FY25 Q4FY25 Q4FY24 Q3FY25 Q4FY25
Capacity Utilization (Standalone)
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93%
81% 81%
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Notes: 1. All numbers in Crores unless specifically mentioned

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Q4FY24

Q3FY25

Q4FY25

Capital Structure

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Significant financial flexibility available for future organic and inorganic growth

Consolidated Leverage Profile Standalone Leverage Profile

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(Rs. Crore) Mar- 25 Dec- 24 Sept- 24 June- 24 Mar- 24
Cash & Cash
4,177 4,064 4,104 3,986 3,484
Equivalents [1]
Total Debt (172) (136) (240) (257) (177)
Net Cash 4,005 3,928 3,864 3,729 3,307
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(Rs. Crore)	Mar- 25	Dec- 24	Sept- 24	June- 24	Mar- 24
Cash & Cash Equivalents1	3,936	3,820	3,828	3,822	3,344
Total Debt	(85)	(47)	(136)	(172)	(96)
Net Cash	3,851	3,773	3,692	3,650	3,248

Notes:

15

1. Cash and cash equivalents include investments

Annual Segment Performance

Consolidated Segment Performance

	Full Year y-o-y
(Rs. Crore)	FY2025 FY2024 Growth (%)
Graphite and Carbon Steel Others Less: Inter Segment Sales	2,248 2,726 (17.5)% 227 205 10.7% 88 22 nm 3 3 -
Segment Revenue	2,560 2,950 (13.2)%
Graphite and Carbon Steel Others	146 (173) nm 28 18 55.6% 66 (5) nm
Profit / (Loss) before tax and interest	240 (160) nm
Less: Finance Cost Unallocated (Income) / Expense	11 17 (35.3)% (362) (240) 50.8%
Profit / (Loss) Before Tax (Before Exceptional Items)	591 63 nm
Exceptional Items	- 954 Nm
Profit /(Loss) Before Tax	591 1,017 (41.9)%

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Standalone Segment Performance

	Full Year y-o-y
(Rs. Crore)	FY2025 FY2024 Growth (%)
Graphite and Carbon Steel Others Less: Inter Segment Sales	2,166 2,673 (19.0)% 227 205 10.7% 30 19 57.9% 3 3 -
Segment Revenue	2,420 2,894 (16.4)%
Graphite and Carbon Steel Others	178 (112) nm 28 18 55.6% 8 (1) nm
Profit / (Loss) before tax and interest	214 (95) nm
Less: Finance Cost Unallocated (Income) / Expense	6 12 (50.0)% (361) (232) nm
Profit / (Loss) Before Tax (Before Exceptional Item)	569 125 nm
Exceptional Item	- 954 nm
Profit /(Loss) Before Tax	569 1,079 (47.3)%

Notes:

16

1. Amounts are below the rounding off norm adopted by the Company

Quarterly Segment Performance

Consolidated Segment Performance

	Q4 y-o-y	Q3 q-o-q
(Rs. Crore)	FY2025 FY2024 Growth (%)	FY2025 Growth (%)
Graphite and Carbon Steel Others Less: Inter Segment Sales	600 664 (9.6)% 60 56 7.1% 6 1 nm * 1 nm	470 27.7% 58 3.4% (4) nm 1 nm
Segment Revenue	666 720 (7.5)%	523 27.3%
Graphite and Carbon Steel Others	30 (10) nm 8 6 33.3% 1 (11) nm	(13) nm 8 nm (10) nm
Profit / (Loss) before tax and interest	39 (15) nm	(15) nm
Less: Finance Cost Unallocated (Income) / Expense	2 3 (33.3)% (32) (55) (41.8)%	2 nm (3) nm
Profit / (Loss) Before Tax	69 37 86.5%	(14) nm

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Standalone Segment Performance

	Q4 y-o-y	Q3 q-o-q
(Rs. Crore)	FY2025 FY2024 Growth (%)	FY2025 Growth (%)
Graphite and Carbon Steel Others Less: Inter Segment Sales	580 646 (10.2)% 60 56 7.1% 5 5 nm * 1 nm	454 27.8% 58 3.4% 6 (16.7)% 1 nm
Segment Revenue	645 706 (8.6)%	517 24.8%
Graphite and Carbon Steel Others	42 (10) nm 8 6 33.3% * (1) nm	(1) nm 8 nm (1) nm
Profit / (Loss) before tax and interest	50 (5) nm	6 nm
Less: Finance Cost Unallocated (Income) / Expense	1 2 (50.0)% (32) (53) (39.6)%	1 nm (5) nm
Profit / (Loss) Before Tax	81 46 76.1%	10 nm

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Amounts are below the rounding off norm adopted by the company*

Steel Industry Overview

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Crude Steel Production				Three Months Ended	Three Months Ended						Year Ended
(million MT)		Mar-25	Mar-24	Y-o-Y(%)	Dec-24	Q-o-Q (%)			2024		2023	Y-o-Y(%)
Asia and Oceania		343.2	345.9	(0.8)%	325.0	5.6%			1,357.8		1,367.2	(0.7)%
India		40.1	37.3	7.5%	38.5	4.2%			149.6		140.2	6.7%
China		253.6	256.6	(1.2)%	236.3	7.3%			1,005.1		1,019.1	(1.4)%
Others		49.5	52.0	(4.8)%	50.2	(1.4)%			203.1		207.9	(2.3)%
South America		10.3	10.6	(2.8)%	10.3	0.0%			41.9		41.5	1.0%
North America		26.4	27.2	(2.9)%	26.1	1.1%			105.9		109.6	(3.4)%
European Union		32.1	33.0	(2.7)%	31.6	1.6%			129.5		126.3	2.5%
Middle East		13.2	13.7	(3.6)%	14.7	(10.2)%			54.1		53.2	1.7%
Others		36.9	38.7	(4.7)%	35.8	3.1%			150.40		151.90	(0.99)%
Total 69 Countries asper WSA		462.1	469.1	(1.5)%	443.5	4.2%			1,839.6		1,849.7	(0.55)%
	M-o-M Growth (%)								2024	Regional Production

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14.9%
9.7%
6.8%
19.2%
8.1% India
4.8% 8.7%
China
0.8% 0.8% 6.0%
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.9%
(0.8)%
South America
6.1% (6.6)% 7.0%
(4.7)% (4.9)%(0.8)% 54.6% North America
(2.2)% (1.6)%
(3.5)% (3.6)% 5.8% European Union
(5.3)% (5.3)% (4.5)%
2.3% Middle East
Apr-24 May-24 Jun-24 Jul-24 Aug-24 Sep-24 Oct-24 Nov-24 Dec-24 Jan-25 Feb-25 Mar-25
Others
Indian Production World Production
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18

Note: Source: World Steel Association, the figures are estimates that may be revised with next month’s production update. Above table represents a total of 64 Countries as per WSA which accounts for 98% of total world crude steel production

Steel Industry Outlook and Dynamics

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Q1 CY2025 Steel Production[(1)]

• As per the World Steel Association (WSA), global crude steel production was 462.1 million MT in Q1 CY2025, a decline of 1.5% y-o-y. Global crude steel production excluding China was 208.5, a decline of 1.9% on a y-o-y basis

• China’s crude steel production in Q1 CY2025 was 253.6 million MT, a decline of 1.2% y-o-y

• India’s crude steel production in Q1 CY2025 was 40.1 million MT, an increase of 7.5% y-o-y

• The EU produced 32.1 million MT of crude steel in Q1 CY2025, a decline of 2.7% y-o-y

• North America produced 26.4 million MT of crude steel in Q1 CY2025, a decline of 2.9% y-o-y

• Japan’s crude steel production for Q1 CY2025 was 20.4 million MT, a decline of 5.1% y-o-y

• The Middle East produced 13.2 million MT of crude steel in Q1 CY2025, a decline of 3.6% y-o-y

Steel Industry Outlook[ (2)]

• The WSA released an update of the Short Range Outlook for 2025. It forecasts that steel demand grow by 1.2% to 1,772 million MT

• Steel demand in the developing world excluding China is projected to grow by 4.2% in 2025, driven by India's robust growth and a rebound in other major emerging economies

• India remains the strongest driver of steel demand growth since 2021, with an expected 8.0% increase over 2024-2025. This growth is largely driven by expanding infrastructure investments across steel consuming sectors

• Acceleration in global decarbonisation efforts in public infrastructure sector will support the global steel demand in the near term

Note:

19

1) Source: World Steel Association, the figures are estimates that may be revised with next month’s production update. Above data represents a total of 64 Countries as per WSA which accounts for 98% of total world crude steel production 2) Source: World Steel Association

Graphite Electrode Industry Overview

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• The focus on substantial decarbonization measures in developing economies supports the growth of the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) process compared with the Blast Furnace / Bessimer Oxygen Furnace (BF/BOF) process

• Governments around the world are also introducing stringent environmental regulations to reduce pollution. This will further support the growth of the EAF process and along with decarbonization, drive the future demand for graphite electrodes

• The use of the EAF process in the steel industry is not only important for sustainable steel production but is a more costeffective manufacturing method

• India's national steel policy has identified a roadmap for reaching 300 million MT steel production capacity by 2030

• Currently, the construction and infrastructure sectors account for 68% of steel consumption in India

• In the Interim Budget of 2024, the Indian government highlighted the importance of developing infrastructure projects in railways, highways and power, including renewable energy, which are all steel intensive sectors

20

Note: 1) Source: Industry

Steel Industry Dynamics

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Over the years, China remains the biggest crude steel producer with a 54.6% share in 2024 vs 45.4% in 2010 and 18.1% in 2001
Global Steel Production 2001 Global Steel Production 2010
Others China Others
15.7% 18.1% India North America 11.8% China
North America 3.3% 7.9% 45.4%
14.3%
CIS
Other Europe 7.7%
5.3%
European Union
Japan
12.3%
CIS 12.3%
11.9% Japan Other Europe India
European Union 7.8% 2.3% 4.9%
19.0%
Global Steel Production 2024
India , 8.1%
Others, 19.2%
Middle
East,
2.9% China, 54.6%
European
Union, 7.0%
North
America,
5.8%
South America,
2.3%
Source: World Steel Association
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EAF Process

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EAF Steel Production Process

Electric Arc Furnace

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Graphite Electrodes
Electrode Clamp/Power
Supply
Water Cooled Roof
Molten Steel
Slag Door
Arc Zone EBT(Eccentric Bottom
Tap Hole)
Hearth
Ladle
Tilting Cylinder Rack & Pinion
LTC(Ladle Transfer Car)
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• ❖ An electric arc furnace (EAF) is a furnace that heats charged material by means of an electric arc

• ❖ Arc furnaces range in size from small units of approximately one tonne capacity (used in foundries for producing cast iron products) up to about 400 tonne units used for secondary steelmaking

• ❖ Electric arc furnace temperatures can be up to 1,800 degrees Celsius and the electrode tip & arc temperatures can go as high as 3,000-4,000 degrees Celsius

• ❖ Graphite Electrodes are consumed in an electric arc furnace

• An electrode typically lasts for 22-30 heats /batches or 10 hours

• A single graphite electrode can weigh over 2 tonnes

• Electrode demand is driven by the production of steel through the EAF method

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