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GBM RESOURCES LIMITED. — Capital/Financing Update 2017
Sep 11, 2017
64966_rns_2017-09-11_5763eded-4dcc-4436-b78a-91015cf315ad.pdf
Capital/Financing Update
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ASX Announcement
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ABN 91 124 752 745
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12 September 2017
Field Program - Mt Usher Gold Prospect Part of the Mount Morgan Copper-Gold Project, Qld.
ASX Code: GBZ
COMPANY DIRECTORS
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Historical (1900) Mt Usher Gold Prospect produced over 150,000 ounces from alluvial and hard-rock mining, hard-rock production averaged in excess of 1 ounce per ton.
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Field activities and mapping has identified:
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Results from rock chip samples confirm high grade gold is present.
Peter Thompson Managing Director/ Executive Chairman
Neil Norris Exploration Director – Executive Hun Seng Tan Non- Executive Director
CONTACT DETAILS
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Potential new gold discovery with multiple lodes, strike length > 5km and 500m wide.
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Very high grade epithermal-type gold system – similar metal suite and alteration style to Mt Morgan Gold Mine.
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Two viable exploration models – high-grade epithermal fissure vein and high-grade bulk tonnage Mt Morgan Mine style VHMS/Intrusive-Related composite.
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No drilling and only minimal modern exploration.
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Extensive sampling and mapping over the >5 Km strike length in progress.
Principal & Registered Office Suite 8, 7 The Esplanade, Mt Pleasant, WA 6153
Exploration Office
10 Parker Street, Castlemaine, Victoria 3450
Website
www.gbmr.com.au
[email protected] Phone +61 (8) 9316 9100
Fax
+61 (8) 9315 5475
Phone (Exploration Office) +61 (3) 5470 5033
Australian resources company GBM Resources Limited (ASX: GBZ ) (“ GBM ” or “ the Company ”), is pleased to announce initial results from sampling, mapping and data review at the historical Mt Usher gold field, located near the Mt Morgan mine in Central Queensland, Australia.
The Mt Usher area has historically produced more than 150,000 ounces of gold from rich alluvial deposits and from underground mining of very high grade epithermaltype quartz vein hosted gold mineralisation. The main workings at Mt Usher are hosted by Mt Warner Volcanics, the same rock suite that hosts Mt Morgan located 12 km to the south-west. A major north-east trending lineament links the two deposits. The Mt Morgan Lineament is defined by mapped faults, magnetics and gold occurrences and is orientated parallel with Mt Morgan mine faults.
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Recent work by GBM has noted strong similarities between the two deposits, most notably; similar primary and secondary metal suite, presence of intense silica-pyrite mineralisation within the ore zones and proximal chlorite-sericite-epidote-jasper alteration, fault geometry relationships, and proximity to large felsicintermediate intrusive bodies.
The acquisition in 2015 of EPM25678 was justified by Mt Usher’s status as the second largest gold producer in the field after Mt Morgan, the prospective structural and host rock setting and limited historical exploration including no record of any prior drill testing.
During July and August this year, GBM undertook an initial program of surface mapping, rock-chip sampling and airborne drone topographic-imagery surveying. A review of historical mine references and modern exploration was also completed. Mapping has defined for the first time a continuous fault, sulphide alteration and lode quartz corridor of at least 5 km in strike length and 500 m wide enclosing the Mt Usher mine and numerous lesser production centres including the Anglo Saxon, Caledonian and Victor mines. This fault zone is hosted by mixed Devonian volcanic and sedimentary rocks at the eastern and western ends and by magnetic diorite or tonalite in the central zone. Gold mineralisation has developed in all rock types within the corridor.
Results for the first 19 rock-chip sample assays received from ALS Laboratories confirm high-grade gold is present in pyritic/limonitic quartz veins within the volcanic package at Mt Usher mine and the diorite at the Caledonian mine along strike to the west (peak 14.4 g/t Au). Anomalous Ag, Cu, Pb and Zn is also present, confirming the old miners’ reports of ‘blackjack(sphalerite), galena and carbonates of copper’ with pyrite in the ore zone. Highly anomalous Te (peak 10.1 ppm) shows a strong association with gold and silver in conjunction with Mo, Bi, Sb and As. This metal assemblage is similar to that reported from the ore system at Mt Morgan (Lawrence, 1974), with the addition of silver from galena, and is characteristic of higher-temperature epithermal and/or intrusive-related gold systems.
| Sample_ID | MGA_N | MGA_E | Sample_Description | Assay_Results | Assay_Results | Assay_Results | Assay_Results | Assay_Results | Assay_Results | Assay_Results | Assay_Results | Assay_Results | Assay_Results | Assay_Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Au | Ag | As | Bi | Cu | Mo | Pb | Sb | Te | Zn | |||||
| Unit | ppm | ppm | ppm | ppm | ppm | ppm | ppm | ppm | ppm | ppm | ||||
| Detection Limit | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.2 | 0.01 | 0.2 | 0.05 | 0.5 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 2 | ||||
| MUR001 | 7387978 | 242153 | Qtz vein | 13.55 | 15.8 | 98 | 3.15 | 79.8 | 0.38 | 19 | 3.48 | 8.84 | 2050 | |
| MUR002 | 7387965 | 242155 | Mullock | 0.83 | 0.79 | 91.8 | 1.1 | 15.2 | 0.9 | 13.5 | 5.47 | 0.61 | 143 | |
| MUR003 | 7387876 | 242435 | Mullock | 0.46 | 0.43 | 31.9 | 0.56 | 27.3 | 30.3 | 16.8 | 2.06 | 0.27 | 833 | |
| MUR004 | 7387975 | 242562 | Fault/qtz vein | 0.15 | 0.62 | 22.2 | 0.19 | 8.9 | 1.12 | 22 | 2.78 | 0.31 | 226 | |
| MUR005 | 7387928 | 242605 | Qtz vein in adit | 0.03 | 0.22 | 21.9 | 0.12 | 11.2 | 1.77 | 9.9 | 7.78 | <0.05 | 360 | |
| MUR006 | 7387928 | 242605 | Qtz vein in adit | 0.05 | 0.06 | 9.4 | 0.03 | 4.4 | 0.43 | 3.7 | 1.29 | <0.05 | 139 | |
| MUR007 | 7387920 | 242590 | Qtz vein at adit | 0.19 | 0.57 | 18.6 | 0.08 | 107.5 | 0.31 | 4.8 | 7.46 | 0.23 | 1320 | |
| MUR008 | 7387929 | 242603 | Qtz vein at adit | 1.16 | 4.35 | 93.4 | 1.45 | 1160 | 2.18 | 479 | 7.6 | 1.34 | 2230 | |
| MUR009 | 7387887 | 242712 | Qtz vein | 14.35 | 17.05 | 104.5 | 1.04 | 341 | 2.48 | 19.4 | 19.15 | 10.05 | 1140 | |
| MUR010 | 7387957 | 242820 | Qtz vein/fault | <0.01 | 0.05 | 6.7 | 0.22 | 12.9 | 0.67 | 3.5 | 0.54 | <0.05 | 29 | |
| MUR011 | 7387882 | 241771 | Fault in adit | 0.06 | 0.29 | 12.6 | 0.29 | 47.6 | 1.4 | 618 | 1.8 | 0.11 | 500 | |
| MUR012 | 7387888 | 242750 | Fault in adit | 0.1 | 0.93 | 22.4 | 0.4 | 160 | 1.43 | 357 | 2.37 | 0.08 | 977 | |
| MUR013 | 7388122 | 241871 | Openpit sample | 0.01 | 0.34 | 3.4 | 0.43 | 25.2 | 0.46 | 5.2 | 0.88 | 0.07 | 19 | |
| MUR014 | 7387880 | 242768 | Altered volcanic rock | 0.01 | 1.11 | 13.6 | 0.37 | 21.9 | 0.4 | 19.8 | 1.99 | 0.05 | 1440 | |
| MUR015 | 7387870 | 242760 | Altered volcanic rock | <0.01 | 0.05 | 2.4 | 0.19 | 7.4 | 0.23 | 5.4 | 0.63 | 0.05 | 20 | |
| MUR016 | 7387882 | 242747 | CuOx in shear | 0.06 | 5.89 | 13 | 0.71 | 1030 | 5.31 | 1875 | 1.8 | 0.15 | 329 | |
| MUR017 | 7387889 | 242700 | Qtz-Lim vein | 2.66 | 3.74 | 81.6 | 1.27 | 56.3 | 2.75 | 51.3 | 10.7 | 1.14 | 132 | |
| MUR018 | 7387927 | 242587 | Shear zone | 0.08 | 0.32 | 37.4 | 0.19 | 6.2 | 2.05 | 26.2 | 11.25 | <0.05 | 62 | |
| MUR019 | 7387927 | 242587 | Qtz vein float | 3.82 | 4 | 57.5 | 0.25 | 4420 | 0.52 | 15 | 19.2 | 0.12 | 8540 |
Table 1: IAssay results received to date for Mt Usher rock-chip samples (ALS Laboratories, Brisbane).
Modern analysis indicates that the overprinting of pre-existing volcanic massive sulphide mineralisation (VHMS) by later intrusive-related Au-Cu bearing fluids from the adjacent tonalite unit was responsible for ore genesis at Mt Morgan. The fluid signature and the metal assemblage are indicative of an epithermal setting for the main mineralizing event (Ulrich, 2002), a theory supported by recent work by Corbett for GBM (Internal report, 2015). GBM will investigate the possibility that the Mt Usher epithermal-style fissure vein mineralisation may be associated with a large, blind Mt Morgan analogue.
Next Steps
GBM believes the Mt Usher fault corridor is highly prospective for near surface, high-grade vein-hosted, epithermal gold-silver mineralisation and that evidence is mounting for the existence of a deeper, large tonnage, high-grade Mt Morgan analogue within the prospect area. It seems remarkable given the extensive modern exploration effort to find another Mt Morgan that such limited attention has been paid to the second biggest producer, Mt Usher.
Further work at Mt Usher will include continued mapping and comprehensive rock-chip and soil sampling across the entire fault zone. Due to the steep topography and multiple parallel lodes, 3D modelling using GBM generated data and historical mine data will be critical for drill planning. A small diamond drilling program of three to four circa 300m holes in the vicinity of the main workings is scheduled late in 2017. Electrical geophysical methods will be considered to test for large, blind, massive-sulphide Mt Morgan style mineralisation.
For Further information please contact:
Peter Thompson Karen Oswald Managing Director Marko Communications GBM Resources Limited Tel: + 0423 602 353 Tel: 08 9316 9100 Email: [email protected]
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Figure 1-1: GBM tenements and prospect areas. Mt Usher project and tenement (EPM25678) shown in blue.
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Figure 1- 2: Mt usher fault zone preliminary mapped extent with location of historical mine development.
About the Mt Usher Prospect
Early History
Alluvial gold was discovered in Crocodile Ck (now Gavial Ck) in 1865 and by 1866 activity had peaked with 3- 5,000 mostly Chinese miners on the field. This period was before compulsory reporting of gold production figures in Queensland and as a result production estimates vary between 100,000 to 150,000 ounces of alluvial gold recovered (Morwood, 2003, Brisbane Truth, 1903). At least three further periods of alluvial mining by dredge took place into the 1940’s. The presence of very large boulders in the upper reaches of the valley prevented extraction from the main drainage channel and most mining therefore occurred in overbank deposits at the base of the valley walls. It is likely that a significant amount of alluvial gold derived from the Mt Usher lode system still remains in the central channel.
In the early 1890’s, an English immigrant by the name of William Usher discovered that the source of the alluvial gold in Gavial Creek was a series of lode quartz veins cropping out in the southern valley wall, one kilometre upstream from the alluvial workings. By 1895, systematic development of the upper Mt Usher mine levels had begun.
The plant at Mt Usher was by 1901 the most sophisticated in the district, employing two ten-stamper batteries with automatic feed and a very early cyanide plant to recover the reported half-ounce per tonne gold lost across the tables due to the high-sulphide ore.
Production peaked in 1901 at about 1,000 oz/month at an average grade of greater than 1 oz/ton. Official figures indicate a total hard rock production from the Mt Usher mine of 30,250 oz from approximately 27,000 ore tonnes (Morwood, 2003). This figure may not include all gold later recovered from tailings and slimes and will not account for the reported loss by theft of bonanza grade specimen gold throughout the mining life.
Geology and Mineralisation
The dominant producer within the Mt Usher fault zone was the Mt Usher mine. Development here extended at least 300m laterally with approximately 200m vertical extent from the hill top to the valley base. GBM estimates that the possible volume of auriferous rock eroded from the wedge in the valley gives between 100-150,000 tonnes, supporting alluvial production estimates at the reported hard-rock mined grades. Therefore, total endowment from the Mt. Usher lode system from surface to gorge base was likely to exceed 200,000 ounces.
Newspaper reports provide a good description of production at the Mt Usher mine which was centred on a distinctive shear zone with well-defined, planar footwall and hangingwall margins. At each of the margins a goldbearing quartz vein lies close to or in contact with the country rock, forming a ‘double-lode’, with ‘barren country rock’ or ‘mullock’ reported in between. Development was advanced separately on each lode, linked by crosscuts. Quartz vein width averaged 25-30cm throughout the mine, locally thickening to almost one metre. The hangingwall reef was considered the better of the two according to width and grade. Investigation of the mullock zone between lodes is required as the old miners would have applied a high cut-off grade.
GBM has observed intense alteration, disseminated sulphide and narrow quartz-sulphide stringer veins in this zone.
Although details are not clear, it appears a narrow shear or breccia zone (up to 1m wide?) occurs with each quartz lode at the hanging and footwalls, often containing ‘much mundic, galena and blackjack’ (pyrite, galena and sphalerite). These shear zones were mined and processed so can be inferred to have carried significant grade. They were referred to as ‘gold-bearing mineral’ and were considered a good indicator especially if ‘weeping water’.
GBM has observed stopes in Level 5 of 2-3m in width, suggesting these ‘payable’ shear zones may be of sufficient width to support modern underground narrow vein style mining methods.
Best grades were returned from the quartz veins and visible coarse gold was common. Written anecdotes indicate these veins were often of very high grade; ‘quartz shot through with gold’, ‘some stone so rich easier to knock gold from the rock than stone from the metal‘ and ‘1,000 ounce patches of specimen gold’. Theft was a major issue throughout the mine life. Each level drive had a ‘gold bank’, where an embayment cut in the side of the drive was installed with gates and at each stope firing, any specimen-quality ore liberated was hand-picked by the shift manager and deposited in the bank in an attempt to minimize thievery. Banked ore was then mixed to keep mill feed grade consistent.
Other discrete fault/quartz lode zones exist in parallel to the Mt Usher shear zone. The New Golden Cave workings, first mentioned in 1927 and located about 50m south of the Mt Usher mine, appear to exploit a similar fault breccia and narrow quartz vein. Mention was also made of two further parallel lodes apparently located between New Golden Cave and Mt Usher, the Egan Reef being one. Information on these developments is scarce.
Preliminary mapping by GBM indicates host rocks at Mt Usher mine consist of a sequence of andesitic tuffs, cherts and volcaniclastic sandstones located within a complex structural setting. The old miners referred to a dark-coloured feldspathic dyke (andesite) on the footwall and a pale-coloured metamorphic rock (possibly altered volcaniclastic) at the hangingwall. Further along strike to the west, the Devonian volcanic package includes mineralized jasper horizons and intense chlorite-epidote-sulphide alteration associated with linear shear zones. The volcanics are intruded by a medium grained igneous unit of dioritic or tonalitic composition. Further work is required to understand the lithological/structural controls on mineralisation and age/stratigraphic links to the Mt Morgan orebody.
Previous Exploration
Mention of a separate low-angle cross-cutting vein set by the old-miners may partly explain the paucity of modern exploration at Mt Usher. Geopeko/Goldfields mapped and channel sampled the walls of Levels 2 and 5 in the 1980’s. This work appears to have focused on narrow veins orientated at a low angle to development drives. Assay results were conspicuously low in gold. Old records indicate these mapped levels produced excellent returns for MUGM so sampling of backs and faces instead of drive walls may have proved more fruitful for Geopeko. Later workers in the area (Hunter, Poseidon, Newcrest) may have been influenced by these findings as the Mt Usher field was largely ignored.
Other Mines within the Mt Usher Fault Zone
Information is scarce on other production centres within the field. The Anglo Saxon and Victor mines may have exploited the westerly continuation of the Mt Usher double-lode and the Caledonian mine the continuation of the New Golden Cave lode. At the Anglo Saxon, a series of shafts (Elsie and Roxborough shafts) and adits accessed significant underground development to at least 200m vertical depth in the dioritic unit. Grades of 5-8 ounces per tonne from a reef almost a metre wide in the upper levels were reported. At Victor, the lode was said to show a similar footwall-hangingwall geometry to Mt Usher mine. Victor production records are approximately 1,600 ounces gold from 1,211 tonnes ore, indicating similar ore grade to Mt Usher (Morwood, 2003).
Notes
The information in this report that relates to Exploration Results is based on information compiled by Neil Norris, who is a Member of The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy and The Australasian Institute of Geoscientists. Mr Norris is a full-time employee of the company, and is a holder of shares and options in the company. Mr Norris has sufficient experience which is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity which he is undertaking to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of the ‘Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves’. Mr Norris consents to the inclusion in the report of the matters based on his information in the form and context in which it appears.
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References
JACK, R. L., 1898: Mount Morgan and Other Mines in the Crocodile Goldfield. Geological Survey of Queensland Publication 132, Brisbane.
LAWRENCE, L.J., 1974: The nature and origin of the ore minerals of Mount Morgan. In Southern & Central Queensland Conference 1974. Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, p417-424.
MORWOOD, D. A., 2003: Mineral occurrences – Mt Morgan 1:100,000 sheet area. Queensland Geological Record 2002/3, Queensland Government Natural Resources and Mines.
ULRICH, T. (et al), 2003: Different mineralization styles in a volcanic-hosted ore deposit: the fluid and isotopic signatures of the Mt Morgan Au-Cu deposit, Australia. Ore Geology Reviews, 22 1-2: 61-90.
Newspaper Articles
The Mount Usher Gold Mines Ltd – Prospectus: Rockhampton Capricornian, Saturday 25 July 1896, page 27.
The Mount Usher Mine: The Capricornian Rockhampton, Saturday 27 February 1897, page 26.
A Visit to Mount Usher: The Capricornian Rockhampton, Saturday 3 July 1897, page 26.
The Mount Usher Gold Mines: Rockhampton Morning Bulletin, Monday 19 July 1897, page 6.
The Crocodile Goldfield, A Visit to Mount Usher: Rockhampton Morning Bulletin, Monday 26 September 1898, page 6.
The Mount Usher Gold Mines, General Meeting: Rockhampton Morning Bulletin, Tuesday 29 January 1901, page 7.
Mount Usher Gold Mines – Scheme of Reconstruction: The Capricornian Rockhampton, Saturday 25 October 1902, page 29.
Rockhampton Records – “Peter’s Rush” Mt Usher: Truth Brisbane, Sunday 13 September 1903, page 3.
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JORC Code, 2012 Edition – Table 1 Mt Usher Gold Field, Mt Morgan Project Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data
(Criteria in this section apply to all succeeding sections.)
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Sampling | • Nature and quality of sampling (eg cut channels, random chips, or | •Rock-chip Sampling: surface outcrop grab-sampling of random |
| techniques | specific specialised industry standard measurement tools appropriate | chips using hand-held hammer. |
| to the minerals under investigation, such as down hole gamma sondes, or handheld XRF instruments, etc). These examples should not be taken as limiting the broad meaning of sampling. |
•Sample sites were selected based on lithological representivity and the same sampling technique employed at each site where possible. |
|
| • Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample representivity and the appropriate calibration of any measurement tools or systems used. |
•Samples were chipped from outcrop or subcrop using a geological hammer, bagged into labelled calico bags, dispatched to ALS Laboratories which prepared the samples using industry standard |
|
| • Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are Material to the | procedures | |
| Public Report. | ||
| • In cases where ‘industry standard’ work has been done this would be | ||
| relatively simple (eg ‘reverse circulation drilling was used to obtain 1 | ||
| m samples from which 3 kg was pulverised to produce a 30 g charge | ||
| for fire assay’). In other cases more explanation may be required, | ||
| such as where there is coarse gold that has inherent sampling | ||
| problems. Unusual commodities or mineralisation types (eg | ||
| submarine nodules) may warrant disclosure of detailed information. | ||
| Drilling | • Drill type (eg core, reverse circulation, open-hole hammer, rotary air | • Not applicable, no drillhole information quoted. |
| techniques | blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and details (eg core diameter, triple | |
| or standard tube, depth of diamond tails, face-sampling bit or other | ||
| type, whether core is oriented and if so, by what method, etc). | ||
| Drill sample | • Method of recording and assessing core and chip sample recoveries | • Not applicable, no drillhole information quoted . |
| recovery | and results assessed. | |
| • Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and ensure | ||
| representative nature of the samples. | ||
| • Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery and grade | ||
| and whether sample bias may have occurred due to preferential | ||
| loss/gain of fine/coarse material. | ||
| Logging | • Whether core and chip samples have been geologically and | •Rock-chip samples were logged for lithology, alteration, minerals, |
| geotechnically logged to a level of detail to support appropriate | oxidation, structural setting. |
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Mineral Resource estimation, mining studies and metallurgical | ||
| studies. | ||
| • Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. Core (or | ||
| costean, channel, etc) photography. | ||
| • The total length and percentage of the relevant intersections logged. | ||
| Sub- | • If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or all core | •A representative rock-chip grab sample from each sample site. |
| sampling | taken. | |
| techniques and sample preparation |
• If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc and whether sampled wet or dry. |
|
| • For all sample types, the nature, quality and appropriateness of the | ||
| sample preparation technique. | ||
| • Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling stages to | ||
| maximise representivity of samples. | ||
| • Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is representative of the in | ||
| situ material collected, including for instance results for field | ||
| duplicate/second-half sampling. | ||
| • Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of the material | ||
| being sampled. | ||
| Quality of | • The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying and | •ALS Laboratories Au-AA25 and Au-AA30: A prepared sample is |
| assay data | laboratory procedures used and whether the technique is considered | fused with a mixture of lead oxide, sodium carbonate, borax, silica |
| and | partial or total. | and other reagents as required, inquarted with 6 mg of gold-free silver |
| laboratory tests |
• For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF instruments, etc, the parameters used in determining the analysis including instrument make and model, reading times, calibrations factors applied and their derivation, etc. |
and then cupelled to yield a precious metal bead. The bead is digested in 0.5 mL dilute nitric acid in the microwave oven. 0.5 mL concentrated hydrochloric acid is then added and the bead is further digested in the microwave at a lower power setting. The digested solution is cooled, diluted to a total volume of 10 mL with de- |
| • Nature of quality control procedures adopted (eg standards, blanks, | mineralized water, and analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy | |
| duplicates, external laboratory checks) and whether acceptable levels | against matrix-matched standards. |
|
| of accuracy (ie lack of bias) and precision have been established. | •ALS Laboratories ME-MS61: a 0.5g sample is subjected to near-total | |
| digestion by a four-acid mixture and finished with a combination of | ||
| ICP Mass Spectrometry (MS) and Atomic Emission Spectroscopy | ||
| (AES). | ||
| •Laboratory QAQC involves the use of internal lab standards using | ||
| certified reference material, blanks, splits and replicates as part of the | ||
| in house ALS procedures. |
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| •No handheld tools were used with all assays performed at external | ||
| laboratories | ||
| •Quality control procedures were not employed for rock-chip sampling. | ||
| Verification | • The verification of significant intersections by either independent or | •Samples returning significant results were inspected by other seior |
| of sampling | alternative company personnel. | geological staff geologists to confirm the nature of mineralization. |
| and assaying |
• The use of twinned holes. | •Not applicable No drilling completed. |
| • Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, data | •Primary data records have been included in GBM’s digital data base | |
| verification, data storage (physical and electronic) protocols. | and checked by senior geological staff. The Data base is subject to | |
| • Discuss any adjustment to assay data. | GBM’s database SOP. | |
| •There are no adjustments to assay data. | ||
| Location of | • Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes (collar and | •All sample point locations were surveyed by GBM personnel using |
| data points | down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings and other locations | handheld GPS units. |
| used in Mineral Resource estimation. | •All results quoted in MGA84 | |
| • Specification of the grid system used. | ||
| • Quality and adequacy of topographic control. | ||
| Data spacing | • Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results. |
• Not applicable no drillhole information quoted. |
| and distribution |
• Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient to establish the degree of geological and grade continuity appropriate for the Mineral |
|
| Resource and Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and | ||
| classifications applied. | ||
| • Whether sample compositing has been applied. | ||
| Orientation | • Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased sampling of | • Not applicable, no drillhole information quoted. |
| of data in | possible structures and the extent to which this is known, considering | |
| relation to | the deposit type. | |
| geological structure |
• If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the orientation of key mineralised structures is considered to have introduced a |
|
| sampling bias, this should be assessed and reported if material. | ||
| Sample | • The measures taken to ensure sample security. | •All samples were transported to a commercial courier by Company |
| security | personnel where they were on-shipped directly to ALS Laboratories in | |
| Brisbane. | ||
| •Core, coarse chip rejects and pulps are stored at the GBM core | ||
| facility. |
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Audits or | • The results of any audits or reviews of sampling techniques and data. | •No audits of either the data or the methods used in this program have |
| reviews | been undertaken to date. |
Section 2 Reporting of Exploration Results
(Criteria listed in the preceding section also apply to this section.)
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Mineral | • Type, reference name/number, location and ownership including | •The Mt Usher prospect is located within EPM25678, adjacent to |
| tenement | agreements or material issues with third parties such as joint | Gavial Ck, approximately 10 km NE of the Mt Morgan township and 2 |
| and land | ventures, partnerships, overriding royalties, native title interests, | km S of the Bouldercombe township. |
| tenure status | historical sites, wilderness or national park and environmental settings. |
•The EPM is 100% owned GBM Resources Ltd. EPM25678 expires on 08/4/2018. |
| • The security of the tenure held at the time of reporting along with any known impediments to obtaining a licence to operate in the area. |
•Part of the licence area is subject to a RA404 which will require GBM to complete a number of actions including application for a higher |
|
| form of tenement and demonstration that a significant mineral system | ||
| exists for the area remain available for mineral exploration and | ||
| mining. For further details see Queensland Department of Natural | ||
| Resources and Mines Operational Policy number 8/2014. GBM is not | ||
| aware of any material issues with third parties which may impede | ||
| current or future operations at Mt Usher. | ||
| Exploration | • Acknowledgment and appraisal of exploration by other parties. | • _Geopeko/Goldfields JV (1982-1990):_Geopeko explored the lease |
| done by | area for massive sulphide Mt Morgan repeats focusing on the old Mt | |
| other parties | Usher goldfield, Bouldercombe (Block and Pillar) and Belgamba | |
| prospects. At Mt Usher, the JV completed mapping and sampling of | ||
| accessible mine levels and reconnaissance mapping along the mine | ||
| fault strike. During their tenure, Goldfields developed the Caldera | ||
| model for the Mt Morgan area. The model suggests Au-Te | ||
| mineralisation at Mt Morgan and Mt Usher is centered on ring faults | ||
| cross-cutting an interpreted caldera margin, and that both deposits | ||
| are located on anticlinal domes near vents on opposing walls of the | ||
| caldera. Comparisons with western USA caldera systems were | ||
| suggested and the potential for epithermal mineralisation in | ||
| structurally prepared sites in the Mt Usher area noted. | ||
| • _Hunter in JV with Poseidon/Newcrest/Eagle (1991-1998):_This multi- | ||
| company JV covered a similar tenement area to GBM’s Mountain | ||
| Maid lease. Poseidon’s exploration focus was large | ||
| replacement/breccia bodies with secondary attention to | ||
| porphyry/fissurevein/VMS/ skarndeposits. Newcrestfocuswasfor |
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| +5M oz gold deposits of near surface bulk tonnage | ||
| replacement/breccia/stockwork style. Over the tenure period, the | ||
| entire lease was mapped at 1:5,000 scale (best mapping at Mt Usher | ||
| to date), stream sediment sampled and much of it covered with ridge | ||
| and spur soil sampling. Numerous old mine workings were given | ||
| closer attention, however Mt Usher and the lesser mines along the Mt | ||
| Usher fault were never a priority. Relevant findings from this period | ||
| were: | ||
oRock chip sampling from mullock dumps at Mt Usher mine |
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| returned an Au-Zn-Cu-As-Te-Mo association. Nearby | ||
| sampling of jasperoids showed similar metal anomalism. | ||
oMapping just upstream from Mt Usher mine indicated the |
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| presence of silica-py clasts (50% py) from lapilli-scale to over | ||
| 20cm in size from an epiclastic bed within andesites. The | ||
| clasts returned anomalous Au-Te-Se-Zn-Mo-Cu. Similarities | ||
| in appearance and chemistry were noted between these | ||
| clasts and Mt Morgan ore. Proximity to a nearby vent was | ||
| postulated. | ||
oSericite-silica-pyrite alteration around the diorite at Gavial |
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| (Crocodile) Ck, downstream from Mt Usher. | ||
oRegional propylisation best developed in andesites as |
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| chlorite-epidote-carbonate. | ||
| Geology | • Deposit type, geological setting and style of mineralisation. | •The Mt Usher prospect area lies within the Calliope terrane, a |
| package of lower to Middle Devonian volcanic sequences and related | ||
| plutonic rocks. The area is known as the Moongan Corridor which is | ||
| separated from the Mine Corridor - the host to the Mount Morgan | ||
| deposit - by a narrow zone of Mount Morgan Tonalite. The Mine | ||
| Corridor contains units of the Capella Creek Group, comprising an | ||
| upper dacitic division and a lower, low potassium rhyolitic division, all | ||
| of which is cut by a series of latite dykes and irregular shaped | ||
| intrusions, ranging from basalt to rhyolite in composition. Deposition | ||
| of the group in a marine basin at shallow to moderate water depth is | ||
| indicated by limestones and jasperoids. | ||
| •The geology of the Moongan Corridor was re-compiled by Hunter | ||
| from work by Newcrest and earlier mapping by Consolidated Zinc. | ||
| Newcrest mapped quartz feldspar porphyries within undifferentiated | ||
| Devonian volcanics. However, previous mapping by Consolidated | ||
| Zinc differentiated areas of predominantly acid volcanics and | ||
| fragmentals and intermediate varieties,with coarse intermediate |
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| fragmentals being further differentiated. These latter varieties were | ||
| interpreted, by previous Geopeko workers, to be equivalent of the | ||
| Dee Volcanics, although this has not been confirmed and here they | ||
| are interpreted to be more likely equivalents of the Upper Mine | ||
| Sequence. The predominantly acid volcanics lie in the western half of | ||
| the EPM and in the Belgamba area and have been variously known | ||
| as the Moongan Rhyolites and equivalents of the Mount Warner | ||
| Volcanics. Quartz feldspar porphyries mapped by Newcrest generally | ||
| are associated with the Moongan Rhyolite or the surrounding | ||
| intermediate pyroclastics. | ||
| The Capella Creek Group was intruded by a protracted series of | ||
| contiguous stocks known as the Mount Morgan Tonalite soon after | ||
| deposition. The intrusives are dominated by trondhjemite with lesser | ||
| tonalite and quartz diorite and quartz gabbro stocks. Together the | ||
| Capella Creek Group and the Mount Morgan Tonalite form a co- | ||
| geneticvolcano-plutonic suite. | ||
| Drill hole | • A summary of all information material to the understanding of the | •Not applicable, no drillhole information quoted. |
| Information | exploration results including a tabulation of the following information | |
| for all Material drill holes: | ||
o easting and northing of the drill hole collar |
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o elevation or RL (Reduced Level – elevation above sea level in |
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| metres) of the drill hole collar | ||
o dip and azimuth of the hole |
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o down hole length and interception depth |
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o hole length. |
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| • If the exclusion of this information is justified on the basis that the | ||
| information is not Material and this exclusion does not detract from | ||
| the understanding of the report, the Competent Person should clearly | ||
| explain why this is the case. | ||
| Data | • In reporting Exploration Results, weighting averaging techniques, | • Not applicable no drillhole information quoted. |
| aggregation | maximum and/or minimum grade truncations (eg cutting of high | |
| methods | grades) and cut-off grades are usually Material and should be stated. | |
| • Where aggregate intercepts incorporate short lengths of high grade | ||
| results and longer lengths of low grade results, the procedure used | ||
| for such aggregation should be stated and some typical examples of | ||
| such aggregations should be shown in detail. |
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|
| • The assumptions used for any reporting of metal equivalent values | |||
| should be clearly stated. | |||
| Relationship | • These relationships are particularly important in the reporting of |
• | Not applicable no drillhole information quoted. |
| between | Exploration Results. | ||
| mineralisatio n widths and intercept |
• If the geometry of the mineralisation with respect to the drill hole angle is known, its nature should be reported. |
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| lengths | • If it is not known and only the down hole lengths are reported, there | ||
| should be a clear statement to this effect (eg ‘down hole length, true | |||
| width not known’). | |||
| Diagrams | • Appropriate maps and sections (with scales) and tabulations of | • | Not applicable no drillhole information quoted. |
| intercepts should be included for any significant discovery being | |||
| reported These should include, but not be limited to a plan view of | |||
| drill hole collar locations and appropriate sectional views. | |||
| Balanced | • Where comprehensive reporting of all Exploration Results is not | • | Not applicable no drillhole information quoted. |
| reporting | practicable, representative reporting of both low and high grades | ||
| and/or widths should be practiced to avoid misleading reporting of | |||
| Exploration Results. | |||
| Other | • Other exploration data, if meaningful and material, should be reported | • |
Not applicable, no other data reported. |
| substantive | including (but not limited to): geological observations; geophysical | ||
| exploration | survey results; geochemical survey results; bulk samples – size and | ||
| data | method of treatment; metallurgical test results; bulk density, | ||
| groundwater, geotechnical and rock characteristics; potential | |||
| deleterious or contaminating substances. | |||
| Further work | • The nature and scale of planned further work (eg tests for lateral |
• | Not applicable no drillhole information quoted or planned at this |
| extensions or depth extensions or large-scale step-out drilling). | time. | ||
| • Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas of possible extensions, | |||
| including the main geological interpretations and future drilling areas, | |||
| provided this information is not commercially sensitive. |