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G2 Goldfields Inc. Management Reports 2020

Sep 29, 2020

46654_rns_2020-09-28_160bad55-1436-40a8-b8db-1d5d0d64ba5d.pdf

Management Reports

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G2 GOLDFIELDS INC.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of the Consolidated Financial Position and Results of Operations for the years ended May 31, 2020 and 2019

141 Adelaide Street West, Suite 1101, Toronto, Ontario M5H 3L5 Phone 416 628 5904 GTWO TSXV www.g2goldfields.com

G2 Goldfields Inc. Management’s Discussion and Analysis For the Years ended May 31, 2020 and 2019

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|---|---|
|TABLE OF CONTENTS|
|Introduction|3|
|Description of the Business|3|
|Market Trends|3|
|Additional Information|4|
|Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Information|4|
|Operational Highlights|7|
|Exploration and Development Summary|7|
|Selected Consolidated Financial Information|12|
|Exploration and Evaluation Assets (Mining Interests)|13|
|Consolidated Operating Results|14|
|Summary of Consolidated Quarterly Results|15|
|Liquidity and Capital Resources|16|
|Management of Capital|17|
|Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements|17|
|Share Capital|17|
|Related Party Transactions|18|
|Financial Instruments and Related Risks|18|
|Critical Accounting Estimates|20|
|Risks and Uncertainties|22|
|Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and Disclosure|31|

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

The following management’s discussion and analysis of the activities, consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of the operations of G2 Goldfields Inc. (the “Company”) constitutes management’s review of the factors that affected the Company’s consolidated financial and operating performance for the years end May 31, 2020 and 2019

This MD&A was prepared as of September 24, 2020 and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for year ended May 31, 2020 and 2019 and notes thereto, prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards of (“IFRS”). The disclosure contained in the MD&A has been approved by the Board of Directors of the Company. All figures are in Canadian dollars unless stated otherwise. Additional information relevant to the Company’s activities can be found on SEDAR at www.sedar.com

DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS

The Company is a Canadian based resource exploration company focused on the acquisition of multiple unique, but historically challenged, mineral exploration projects, each with the potential to identify and generate one or more significant gold projects for development.

The Company currently operates in two jurisdictions, being Guyana, South America and Sandy Lake, Ontario, Canada. The common factor is that the Company’s projects in both countries contain Orogenic gold mineralization hosted in Proterozoic and Archean Greenstone belts

The Company was incorporated as 7177411 Canada Corporation on May 21, 2009, under the laws of Canada.

On April 4, 2019, the Company filed articles of amendment to change its name from "Sandy Lake Gold Inc." to "G2 Goldfields Inc.". The common shares are publicly traded on the TSX Venture Exchange ("TSX-V") under the symbol GTWO.

The head office, principal address, and records office of the Company are located at 141 Adelaide Street West, Suite 1101, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5H 3L5.

MARKET TRENDS

Management regularly monitors economic conditions and estimates their impact on the Company's operations and incorporates these estimates in both short-term operating and longer-term strategic decisions. From 2018 to date, equity markets in the junior resource sector, particularly the TSX-V, showed signs of improvement, with mining equity values increasing significantly during this period. Strong equity markets generally provide favorable conditions for completing a public merger, financing, or acquisition transaction.

However, COVID-19 has made access to capital for junior mining companies likely to be challenging. Since midMarch 2020, share prices for the Company’s peer group have both dropped and risen most dramatically over a very short period.

Apart from the above effect of COVID-19 and the risk factors noted under the heading “Risks and Uncertainties” and “Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Information”, management is not aware of any other relevant trends, commitments, events or uncertainties that might have a material effect on the Company’s business, financial condition or results of operations.

THIS REVIEW OF THE RESULTS OF OPERATIONS SHOULD BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF THE COMPANY FOR THE YEARS END May 31, 2020 and 2019, ALONG WITH OTHER PUBLIC DISCLOSURE DOCUMENTS OF THE COMPANY.

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Additional information relating to the Company’s profile is available on the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (SEDAR) website at www.sedar.com or on the Company’s website www.g2goldfields.com.

Daniel Noone, (Member of the Australian Institute of Geoscientists) is a qualified person as defined by National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects “NI 43-101”) and has reviewed and approved for inclusion the scientific and technical disclosure in this MD&A. Mr. Noone is also the Chief Executive Officer of the Company.

CAUTION REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

This MD&A contains certain forward-looking information and forward-looking statements, as defined in applicable securities laws (collectively referred to herein as “forward-looking statements”). These statements relate to future

looking statements.

Often, but not always, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “plans,” “expects,” “is expected,” “budget,” “scheduled,” “estimates,” “continues,” “forecasts,” “projects,” “predicts,” “intends,” “anticipates” or “believes,” or variations of, or the negatives of, such words and phrases, or statements that certain actions, events or results “may,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “might” or “will” be taken, occur or be achieved.

Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements in this MD&A speak only as of the date of this MD&A or as of the date specified in such statements.

There can be no assurance that forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements in this MD&A speak only as of the date hereof. The Company does not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law.

Forward-looking statements and other information contained herein, including general expectations concerning the mining industry, are based on estimates and forecasts prepared by the Company employing data from publicly available industry sources, as well as from market research and industry analysis, and on assumptions based on data and knowledge of this industry and the operating environment in the jurisdiction in which the Company operates and which it believes to be reasonable.

Although generally indicative of relative market positions, market shares and performance characteristics, this data is inherently imprecise. While the Company is not aware of any misstatements regarding any data presented herein, the mining industry generally involves risks and uncertainties and all data is subject to change based on various factors, often not foreseeable, including but not limited to World Health Organization identified pandemic(s) or other forms of sickness which may affect directly or indirectly the value of the Company or perceptions of value of commodities generally in the general market place.

The following table outlines certain significant forward-looking statements contained in this MD&A and provides the material assumptions used to develop such forward-looking statements and material risk factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. Although the Company has attempted to identify important factors and risks that could affect the Company and might cause actual actions, events or results to differ, perhaps materially, from those described in forward-looking statements, there may be other factors and risks that cause actions, events or results not to occur as projected, estimated or intended.

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Forward-looking statements Assumptions Risk-factors
Potential of the Company’s

Financing will be available for

Price volatility of any mineral

properties to contain


future exploration and

discovered;

economic deposits of any

development of the Company’s

uncertainties involved in

mineral discovered
properties; interpreting geological data and

the actual results of the
confirming title to, and interests in,
Company’s exploration and properties;

development activities will be

the possibility that future

favorable;
exploration results will not be

operating, exploration and
consistent with the Company’s

development costs will not
expectations;

exceed the Company’s

availability of financing for and

expectations;
actual results of the Company’s


the Company will be able to
exploration and development

retain and attract skilled staff;
activities;


all requisite regulatory and

increases in costs;

governmental approvals for

environmental compliance and

exploration projects and other
changes in environmental and

operations will be received on a
other local legislation and

timely basis upon terms
regulation;

acceptable to the Company, and

interest rate and exchange rate

applicable political and economic
fluctuations;

conditions are favorable to the

changes in economic and political
Company; conditions;


the price of applicable minerals

the Company’s ability to retain

and applicable interest and
and attract skilled staff;

exchange rates will be favorable

the availability of permits
to the Company;


no title disputes exist with
respect to the Company’s
properties

While the Company has

The operating activities of the

Changes in debt and equity

only a minor source of

Company for the next twelve

markets;

revenue from royalties

months and beyond, starting

timing and availability of external
from small scale mining from March 1, 2020, and the
financing on acceptable terms;

under license of the
costs associated in addition to

changes in the operations
company, at Peters mine that, will be consistent with the
currently planned for 2019;
and Aremu mine, it Company’s current expectations;

increases in costs;
believes that it has
debt and equity markets,


environmental compliance and
sufficient cash resources exchange and interest rates and
changes in environmental and
to meet its requirements other applicable economic
other local legislation and
for near term. conditions are favorable to the
regulation;
Company.

interest rate and exchange rate

fluctuations;

changes in economic conditions.

The Company believes

Exploration activities will

Increased government scrutiny and

the properties warrant

continue to comply with all

regulations;

ongoing exploration, and

government regulations;

The Company’s ability to satisfy

will require additional

COVID-19 will not curtail

worker safety;
funding to maintain the operations as testing and
Availability of future financing.
current or increased
remoteness of sites allows for
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levels of exploration. adequate worker protection;
Accordingly, the
Financing will be available as
Company expects to
needed.
incur further losses in
the development of its
business

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Forward-looking statements Assumptions Risk-factors

The Company’s ability to

The exploration and

Changes in debt and equity

carry out anticipated

maintenance activities of the

markets;

exploration and
Company’s operations and
timing and availability of external

maintenance on its

costs for the next twelve
financing on acceptable terms;
property interests and months, and the costs
increases in costs; changes in the

its anticipated use of
associated in addition to that, operations currently planned for fiscal
cash available to it in will be consistent with the
2021;
any period. Company’s current
environmental compliance and
expectations;
changes in environmental and

debt and equity markets,

other local legislation and
exchange and interest rates and regulation;

other applicable economic


interest rate and exchange rate
conditions are favorable to the
fluctuations;
Company.
changes in economic conditions;


receipt of applicable permits;

ongoing uncertainties relating to

applicable First Nations matters and
any delay in compliance by Treasury

Metals Inc. with the option
agreement concerning the

Weebigee Project.

Plans, costs, timing, and

Financing will be available for the

Price volatility of any mineral

capital for future

Company’s exploration and

discovered, changes in debt and

exploration and

development activities, and the
equity markets;

development of the
results thereof will be favorable;
timing and availability of external
Company’s property
actual operating and exploration

financing on acceptable terms;
interests, including the
costs will be consistent with the

the uncertainties involved in
costs and potential Company’s current expectations; interpreting geological data and
impact of complying with

the Company will be able to

confirming title to acquired
existing and proposed
retain and attract skilled staff;

properties;
laws and regulations.

all applicable regulatory and


the possibility that future

governmental approvals for

exploration results will not be

exploration projects and other
consistent with the Company’s

operations will be received on a
expectations;

timely basis upon terms

increases in costs; environmental
acceptable to the Company; compliance and changes in

the Company will not be adversely

environmental and other local

affected by market competition;
legislation and regulation;

debt and equity markets,

interest rate and exchange rate
exchange and interest rates and
fluctuations;

other applicable economic and

changes in economic and political
political conditions are favorable
conditions;
to the Company;
the Company’s ability to retain

the price of any applicable

and attract skilled staff;

mineral will be favorable to the

availability of permits;
Company;

market competition; uncertainties

no title disputes arise

relating to applicable First Nations
concerning the Company’s
matters.
properties.

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Readers are cautioned that the above chart does not contain an exhaustive list of the factors or assumptions which may affect forward-looking statements, and that the assumptions underlying such statements may prove to be incorrect or simply insufficient.

Actual results and developments are likely to differ and may differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in this MD&A.

Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause G2 Goldfields’ actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any of its future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by forward-looking statements. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements.

The Company undertakes no obligation to update publicly or otherwise revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information or future events or otherwise, except as may be required by law.

If the Company does update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that it will make additional updates concerning those or other forward-looking statements from time to time, unless required by law in any of the jurisdiction in which the Company operates.

OPERATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS

Financial and Operational Highlights

The Company achieved the following: For the 12 Months to May 31, 2020

  •  Completed the previously announced acquisition of Bartica Investments securing its operating assets in Guyana.

  •  Raised equity during the year through private placements and warrant conversions of $3,945,800.

  •  Subsequent to year end raised an additional $5,000,000. of equity through a private placement and raised an additional $909,020 in warrant conversions and stock options exercise to September 24, 2020.

  •  Executed farm-in agreements and acquired rites to explore on various properties in Guyana contiguous to its OKO and Peters Properties

  • Initiated a drilling program at its OKO property with a total of 63 drill holes to date and expended $ 1.8 million in drilling costs from October 24, 2019 (acquisition date) to May 31, 2020 in Guyana.

  •  During the year the Company completed its expenditure requirements to earn its 50.1% in the claims subject to its Goldeye agreement and it received its arbitration award of $926,960.

Financial and Operational Highlights for the Three Months to May 31, 2020

The Company achieved the following:

  •  Continued to drill on its Oko Property

  •  Built a new camp at Aremu to service ongoing drilling

  •  Located drill pads to explore a 4 km long target located 15 km North West of Oko on its Aremu Property

EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT SUMMARY

In order to better understand the Company’s financial results, it is important to gain an appreciation of the significant events, transactions and activities involving mineral property interests that occurred during the year ended May 31,2020 and to the date of this MD&A. During 2020 the Company completed its earn it on its Sandy Lake properties but activities are curtailed pending an agreement with First Nations.

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Guyana Projects, Guyana, South America

During the year, the Company completed its acquisition of Bartica Investments which through its subsidiary in Guyana has given the Company access to certain highly prospective mining exploration properties in Guyana.

The Company operates in Guyana, where it holds several concessions as detailed further in this MD&A.

Throughout 2020 and up to the date of this MD&A, 63 diamond drill holes were completed by the Company on one of those projects, the Oko property (see relevant press releases issued in the period under review in this MD&A).

Property Acquisitions in Guyana

On December 2, 2019, the Company announced it had entered into an option agreement to acquire a 100% interest in the historic Jubilee Creek Goldfield acreage, Puruni District, Guyana. The property is comprised of contiguous claims totaling 7,900 acres and is located approximately 4.5 miles south-east of the Company’s Peters Mine Property (8,800 acres). The Company may earn a 100% interest by making payments totaling $US 475,000 over a 4-year period, with the vendor retaining a 2% Net Smelter Return (NSR). The Company has the option to acquire the NSR for $US 2 million.

Despite a long history of production dating back to at least 1907, the property has never been drilled or subjected to a modern exploration campaign. Historical workings include a vertical shaft, two open pits and numerous adits spread out over 1000 feet. Country rock appears to be diorite and quartz diorite, but the historic mineralization is associated with a reticulate stockwork of quartz veins and stringers in a zone of intense shearing. Historic sampling of surface material has returned values from trace to 9.3 oz/ton Au.

This historical data referred to is based upon data and records prepared by the Guyana Geological Survey (Guardia F.J.L. – Report on the Mara Mara River, Whanamparu River and Upper Jubilee Creek Areas of the Middle Puruni; 1966). Surface sample results are prior to the implementation of National Instrument 43-101 (“NI 43-101”). The Company is of the view that the above historical data is reliable, however as to date it has been unable to independently confirm the historic results. The corroboration of these results will form part of a drill program in the near term.

On November 22, 2019 the Company also entered into an option agreement to acquire 100% interests of four claims (the Ghanie claims), totaling 3,280 acres, which are contiguous to the southeastern extent of the Oko claims. The Company may earn a 100% interest in the Ghanie claims by making payments totaling $US 315,000 over a 4-year period, with the vendor retaining a 2% Net Smelter Return (NSR). The Company has the option to acquire the NSR for $US 2 million.

Exploration Update of Mining Interests in Guyana

The Aremu/Oko/Ghanie and Jubilee/Peters Mine properties contain two of the four past-producing historical mines in Guyana. The properties total approximately 37,068 acres and are located in the Cuyuni-Mazarumi Region (Region 7) of north-central Guyana in the Guiana Shield.

The projects are located at the southern end of the Cuyuni Basin and host high grade Orogenic Gold mineralization within the Cuyuni Basin Sediments and the underlying Barama volcanics.

The Guyana Project locations are identified on the map available on the Company website https://www.g2goldfields.com/projects/#aremu-oko-gold-project .

The Aremu Oko District covers a strike length of approximately 17km. Four discrete, multi-kilometer long zones of gold mineralization have been delineated by soil sampling and mapping of historical and current mining operations. To date, the Company has only drilled within the Oko Zone.

An initial 63 holes have been completed at the Oko Zone, where gold mineralization has been intersected over 2.3 km of strike. The Oko Zone is divided into the “Oko Main Zone” in the north and “Oko South”, Oko Main Zone is comprised of up to 3 bedding parallel, high grade veins (up to 116 g/t Au over 2.4m) hosted in tightly folded, metamorphosed Carbonaceous Sediments and Volcanics, The high

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grade mineralization is continuous along 800m of strike (open to the north) and has been drilled to a depth of about 250m beneath surface. A lower grade (1-2 g/t Au) broader zone (5-20 m) of mineralization is hosted in the Oko Shear that runs north to south along the full 2.3km length of the Oko Zone. A 3D geological and mineralization model for the Main Oko Zone is being completed with further drilling designed to target structurally controlled, high grade mineralization. Mapping and trenching are being planned for South Oko.

Drilling at the Aremu Mine Area in the northwest of the district commenced on September 21, 2020. The Aremu Mine Area is a 4km long zone consisting of 20 auriferous veins (Micon 43-101; November 2018) High grade gold mineralization is hosted in a setting like the Oko Main Zone. The Aremu Mine was in production between 1906 and 1911 and produced 6,488 ounces of gold from 14,632 tons of ore at an average head grade of approximately 0.44 oz/Au t. A vertical shaft was sunk to 170 ft. below surface and 1200 ft. of horizontal drifting was developed at the -82 ft and – 160 ft levels. The actual mine consisted of numerous veins and workings including the Aremu Quartz Reef, Powerhouse, Scotland and the Donicker veins; all located along a 16,000 ft east-west trend. All the mentioned veins and reefs will be tested in the recently commenced drill program.

The Tracy Zone is defined by a 2.5km long gold in soil anomaly and is located 3km SE of the Aremu Mine Area. Historical records reveal a trench sampled by Golden Star (TT1) in 1992 intersected 10.7 g/t Au over 15 m. Results from TT1 are extracted from “Aremu Prospecting License Final Report 1993 – Golden Star Resources”. This work was completed prior to the implementation of National Instrument 43-101 (NI 43101). The Company is of the view that the above historical data is reliable, however it has yet been unable to independently confirm the historic results. G2 has completed 6 trenches totalling 608 metres several hundred metres south-east of the Golden Star trenching. The best results include 16 m @ 4.8 g/t Au which includes and encompasses a high-grade section of 2 m @ 32.4 g/t Au. High grade gold mineralization is hosted in deformed carbonaceous mudstones and siltstones within broader zones of hydrothermal alteration, similar to what is encountered at the Oko Main Zone.

NW Oko, a 3km long zone of artisanal workings and anomalous gold in soils, is situated 3km to the northwest of the Oko Zone, Trenching has intersected a of broad zone of low-grade gold mineralization with a weighted average of 1.1 g/t Au over 95 m. This trench includes a 2-metre section which assayed 31.7 g/t Au. The occurrence of widespread, disseminated, low grade mineralization within a pervasively altered, brittle host rock, is the first evidence for the potential of large bulk tonnage deposits to be found in the Aremu Oko District. Mapping and sampling of pervasively altered and mineralized outcrop, within artisanal mining operations adjacent to the north and south of the aforementioned trench is ongoing.

Initial drill programs for the Tracy and NW Oko Zones will be developed over the coming months.

Mapping and sampling at the Jubilee Mine are scheduled for the 4[th] quarter.

Canada Project, Sandy Lake, Ontario, Canada

The Sandy Lake project in Canada is currently the Company’s single Canadian exploration asset. It comprises approximately 125,000 acres of contiguous mineral claims in the Sandy Lake Archean Greenstone Belt, located approximately 140 miles north of Red Lake, Ontario.

The Company holds a 100% interest in the mineral rights to 110,000 acres and has the right to earn up to a 70% interest in an additional 15,000 acres, the “W series” of claims, in JV with Goldeye, now part of Treasury Metals Inc

In 2019, the Company’s 22 hole drill program in the western part of the claim package returned high-grade gold intercepts of 34.50 g/t Au over 8.00 meters and 10.92 g/t Au over 10.33 meters (see relevant press releases (May 13, 2019), (September 3, 2019) and (January 6, 2020).

High-grade gold mineralization has been identified by drilling and sampling in several areas along a major banded iron formation (BIF) structure trending for 60km across the property.

During 2019, the Company completed a total of twenty-two drill holes totaling 4,794 meters. Eleven holes

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targeted the W1 and W2 zones and were successful in outlining high-grade gold mineralization over a 600 m in strike length (see press releases May 13 and September 4, 2019). An additional eleven holes were drilled in the W3 zone located over two km to the west of the W1/W2 area. The Company announced the results from the first seven holes (19-12 to 19-18) (see the press release September 4, 2019) which included high-grade core length intervals of 1.4 m of 11.85 g/t Au (hole 19-12) as well as 0.73 m grading 450.04 g/t Au (hole 19-14).

Subsequent to the end of the 2nd Quarter, the Company announced by press release of January 6, 2020 the results from four holes drilled a further 400 m west of the original W3 discovery.

Of those 4 Drill holes SD 19-19 through SD 19-22 were drilled in a fan pattern from a single pad.

Of note, hole SD 19-22 intersected a broad zone of low-grade gold mineralization, returning a core length interval of 60.48 m grading 0.83 g/t Au. This is the deepest and most broad intersection to date in the W3 target area. The Company believes that this may demonstrate that as drilling progresses to the west, the gold mineralization may increase in thickness. Gold mineralization is associated with VTEM changeability anomalies of which several remain untested to the west around the closure of a major fold nose.

The 2019 drilling program has demonstrated the potential for the Company’s Sandy Lake project to host both high grades as well as disseminated gold mineralization. Significant high-grade intersections at Sandy Lake Project are summarized in the press release of Jan 6, 2020.

This initial drill program has encountered both discrete, high-grade shoots and veins as well as BIF (Banded Iron Formation) hosted disseminated mineralization. The next round of drilling will focus on:

  1. Extending the high grade at W1 & W2 down plunge and along strike;

  2. Following the disseminated mineralization in the BIF at W3 to the west through the axis of the NW Arm Fold;

  3. Testing the chargeability anomaly in the BIF between W2 & W3.

The Company is designing a 10,000-meter drill program for the Sandy Lake Project in order to follow up existing target areas W1 to W3 as well as multiple untested targets, subject to timetable changes imposed on the Company as a result of best practices in addressing safety and health issues arising for Company members, members of local First Nations, and respecting any Government directives, as a result of the pandemic referred to as the novel coronavirus, COVID-19.

The Company has completed reconnaissance sampling in four additional areas on the Weebigee property. Approximately 170 grab and channel samples have been collected to date, with a strong emphasis on the W5 (Canoxy) Zone.

Historic and current sampling of the W5 area has proven the area to host numerous mineralized banded iron formations (BIF) over significant strike lengths. The Company is also specifically targeting areas where airborne geophysical data has outlined significant VTEM chargeability anomalies.

The Company continues to appreciate and thank the Chief, Council, and members of the Sandy Lake First Nation for their support and assistance as we continue to build upon a long-term mutually beneficial relationship of economic and community development. The Company is committed to best practices in all aspects of its exploration efforts proactively and strongly supporting local partnerships. The Company is working with Chief and Council to ensure no member of the Company is on site during the pandemic concerns, to respect all consequential concerns for health and safety.

The Company has compiled and analyzed the results at the Sandy Lake project from the drilling and mapping completed to date and will propose drill programs for the W3, W1/ W2 areas to be reviewed and approved by the Sandy Lake First Nation, subject to any pandemic issues which may continue to be a concern.

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Summary of Sandy Lake Goldeye Arbitration

The Company’s interest in certain claims covering 15,000 acres known as the W series claims, is derived from a May 2015 option agreement between the Company and Goldeye Inc, now part of Treasury Metals Inc. Disputes have arisen between the two parties.

The two main issues subject to the arbitrator were:

  • (i) the correct calculations of amounts of expenditures incurred by the Company and

  • (ii) whether Goldeye / Treasury Metals Inc. had a derivative right to exercise, or had effectively exercised an option to participate in a 50% joint venture with the Company in the ownership of a larger group of claims staked by the Company around the original Weebigee project in 2015.

Goldeye / Treasury Metals Inc. initiated the proceedings and had alleged that the Company had failed to incur minimum first-year expenditures of $500,000 on the Weebigee property as required by the May 2015 option agreement.

The Arbitral Tribunal panel ruled (see press release dated July 9, 2018), that the Company had in fact incurred expenditures far in excess in the first-year requirement.

On July 9, 2018, the Company announced a partial award in the Arbitration Proceedings with Goldeye / Treasury Metals Inc., that the Arbitral Tribunal has ruled in favor of the Company on all substantive issues.

The Arbitral Tribunal also ruled that:

  • (i) Goldeye / Treasury Metals Inc. had failed to fulfill the conditions for participating in a joint venture with the Company in the surrounding mineral claim land package of approximately 80,000 acres (consisting of 2,210 individual claim units) of the total of approximately 110,000 acres held by the Company that are not part of the JV asset of the “W series” of claims . The W series of claims cover only the original 15,000 acres in the May 2015 JV Agreement. And thus,

  • (ii) that Goldeye / Treasury Metals Inc. has no ownership or any other rights over or interests in these claims.

On January 21, 2019, the Company announced that it had been awarded $926,960 in costs in the Arbitration Proceedings with Goldeye / Treasury Metals Inc. Payment for the full amount was received on September 19, 2019.

Future exploration expenditure on the Company’s Weebigee Project will be carried out in a manner consistent with the order of the Arbitration panel, as described in the Company’s press release dated September 20, 2017. Operations will be dependent on the successful ongoing consultations with the First Nations in the area of the Joint Venture, including the resolution of force majeure issues described in the Company’s press release dated April 23, 2018, and the successful outcome in the arbitration as set out in the reasons of the Arbitration panel on July 9th, 2018).

However, progress is subject to delays outside the Company’s control, as a consequence of appropriate proper health precautious taken by the Company, to avoid the possible effects of COVID-19 sickness on either Company personnel or any member of the Sandy Lake First Nation.

Exploration and Development Outlook

The level of exploration expenditures vary from year to year as activity is expanded or curtailed. During fiscal 2020, activity at the Sandy Lake Canadian Project has been curtailed as negotiations continue with First Nations.

During this current fiscal year, the Guyana Projects were secured through the acquisition of Ontario Inc., a subsidiary of Bartica Investments, a Guyanese registered company.

Activity on the Guyana Projects continues to ramp up and the Company continues to acquire prospective

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properties in Guyana at the present time. Drill targets have been and will continue to be identified. At present the Company’s efforts are focused on the Oko Project but in the near-term additional drills and projects will be advanced and all properties will become active exploration targets.

Mapping and sampling at the Aremu, Tracy and Jubilee Creek projects however are on hold until crew rotations can be normalized post the COVID-19 lockdown.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company has implemented strict protocols at its operations. As such, the Company’s Oko drill camp has been isolated, with no ingress or egress permitted, to minimize the potential for exposure to health risks and allow work to continue.

The primary focus of the Company at this point is to protect the safety and security of our personnel and their families, and neighboring communities.

The Company has adequate cash on hand to increase its drilling and exploration activity. Property holdings costs over the next 12 months aggregate approximately $600,000 to keep the Company’s properties in good standing.

SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

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As at As at
Consolidated Balance Sheet As at May 31, 2020 As at May 31, 2019
Consolidated Balance Sheet May 31, 2020 May 31, 2019
(Audited)
(Audited) (Audited)
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|||||
|---|---|---|---|
|Cash|$ 583,775|$|1,091,626|
|Other current assets|69,443|144,194|
|Loan to Ontario Inc.|-|276,749|
|Fixed Assets|267,895|-|
|Mining interests|20,024,861|10,410,411|
|Current liabilities|958,539|803,256|
|Long-term liabilities|395,910|163,687|
|Total shareholders’ equity|19,591,525|10,956,037|
|Total assets|20,945,974|11,922,980|

----- End of picture text -----

As at May 31, 2020, the Company had assets of $20,945,974 and a net equity position of $19,591,525. This compares with assets of $11,922,980 and net equity position of $10,956,037 as at May 31, 2019.

As at May 31, 2020, the Company had $1,354,449 of total liabilities compared to $966,943 as at May 31, 2019.

As at May 31, 2020, the Company had accumulated losses of $34,648,787 as compared to $33,436,645 as at May 31, 2019 and expects to incur further losses in the exploration and development of its business.

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EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION ASSETS (MINING INTERESTS)

The Company capitalizes expenditures incurred acquiring exploration and evaluation assets (mineral projects) and any required licenses related thereto with a term of more than one year. As at May 31, 2020, the carrying value of the exploration and evaluation asset related to the Guyana and Canada Projects was $20,024,861 (May 31, 2019 - $10,410,411).

Exploration and evaluation (“E&E”) expenditures are capitalized to Mining Interests. These are discussed below and are disclosed in Note 9 of the audited consolidated financial statements.

Exploration and evaluation expenditures

The Company’s quarterly results reflect the continuation of drilling on the Oko high grade gold discovery, the acquisition of the Jubilee Mine project and continuing consultation with the Sandy Lake First Nation in relation to the Weebigee project.

Guyana and Canada Projects

The Company’s E&E expenditures on the Guyana and Canada Projects were as follows for the three and twelve months ended May 31, 2020:

Exploration and
Evaluation Assets
Three Months Ended
May 31, 2020
Respectively
Year Ended
May 31, 2020
Respectively
2020
2019
2020
2019
Guyana
Canada
1,568,245
67,169
3,903,813
1,265,178
456,874
1,877,065
Total $
1,635,414
$ 1,265,178
$ 4,360,687
$ 1,877,065

During the 3 months ended May 31, 2020, total E&E expenditures of $1,568,245 were related to Guyana with the emphasis on the Oko property. Diamond drilling and assay costs totaling $502,898 and labour costs and site accommodation costs at Oko totaled $109,034.

During the year ended May 31, 2020, post-acquisition of Ontario Inc., total E&E expenditures of $3,903,813 were related to Guyana with the emphasis on the Oko property. Diamond drilling and assay costs were $1,959,096. Personnel and site accommodation costs at Oko also totaled $472,760 for the post acquisition period in May 31, 2020.

Total expenditures for the 12 months ended May 31, 2020 on the Sandy Lake project were $456,874.

Expenses capitalized on the Sandy lake Project were materially offset by an arbitration settlement awarded to the Company and received from its joint venture partner on a portion of its claims. This award, which totals $902,806, was booked as a recovery of Sandy Lake’s E&E expenditures in the second quarter of fiscal 2020.

During the period ended May 31, 2019, the Company incurred significant arbitration costs with its joint venture partner on some of the Sandy Lake claims. This action was settled in the first six months of its 2020 fiscal year, in the Company’s favour, resulting in the significant award of costs mentioned above.

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CONSOLIDATED OPERATING RESULTS

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Three Months Ended Year Ended
May 31, 2020 May 31, 2020
Respectively Respectively
2020 Unaudited 2019 2020 Audited 2019
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----- Start of picture text -----

||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Revenue|$|213,822|0-|$|497,262|0-|
|Salaries, benefits and|
|Consulting fees|34,838|61,785|207,609|205,105|
|Stock Based|
|12,598|309,984|820,117|355,811|
|Compensation|
|Office and|
|administrative|48,041|80,161|216,552|133,038|
|Professional fees|33,522|194,639|267,525|245,170|
|Investor and filing fees|80,074|29,448|156,251|52,791|
|Depreciation|35,498|0|35,498|0|
|Other|54,660|6,602|5,852|26,224|
|Loss for the period|(85,409)|(682,618)|(1,212,142)|(1,018,139)|
|Loss per share,|
|basic and diluted|(0.001)|(0.002)|(0.019)|(0.019)|

----- End of picture text -----

Revenue

With the acquisition of the Guyana Properties, the Company became a party to agreements with small scale miners on its Peters and Aremu Properties. Operators pay the Company royalties based on their revenue from operations with the Company being entitled to a Net Smelter Return

Operating Expenses

The total consolidated loss for the three and twelve months ended May 31, 2020 was $85,409 and $1,212,142 as compared to $682,619 and $1,018,139 for the comparative periods in 2019.

The largest increase was in share-based compensation which rose by $464,306 in the year and declined by $297,386 for the three months then, May 31, 2020. The increase reflects a significant expansion of the operations of the company during 2020.

Salaries and wages increased $2,504 in the year and decreased $26,947 in the three months ended May 31, 2020. This is attributed to less consulting and an absence of cash directors’ fees for the year.

Office and administration also increased $83,514 in the year. Most of the increase related to Guyana operations.

Investor and filing fees increased $ 103,460 in the year ended May 31, 2020 and $50,626 for the three months ended May 31, 2020. The increase was attributable to the Bartica transaction.

Professional fees remain significant with legal and audit expenses incurred in Canada and Guyana for the 2020 fiscal year.

These costs reflect the increases in scope of the Company with its addition of an operating unit in Guyana, the cost of attracting and retaining an executive team as well as the legal and travel costs of completing the

Page 14

Page 15
acquisition of its Guyana subsidiary.
Cash Flow Items
Operating Activities
Operating activity expenditures for the three and twelve months ended May 31, 2020 were $149,284 cash
generated from operations and $611,669 consumed in operations. In the prior periods they were $16,815
and $254,881 cash consumed in operations. These expenditures relate largely to the timing of accounts
payable balances.
Investing Activities
Investing activity was focused on mineral properties in Guyana. Monies spent in the three and twelve months
ended May 31, 2020 were $1,568,245 and $3,827,689 compared to prior year amounts of $1,265,878 and
$1,877,065. The difference is largely attributable to a significant increase in drilling activity in Guyana.
Financing Activities
Financing activity all relates to equity offerings and warrants exercised in both periods.
SUMMARY OF UNAUDITED QUARTERLY RESULTS
The information presented below highlights the Company’s unaudited quarterly results for the past eight
quarters.
Three months ended
May 31
2020
February 29
2020
November 30
2019
August 31
2019
Revenue
213,822
189,345
94,095
-
Expenses
287,357
726,594
331,748
321,522
Other (income) expenses
11,874
24,686
4,489
1,134
Net loss for the period
(85,409)
(561,935)
(242,142)
(322,656)
Basic and diluted loss per share
(0.001)
(0.007)
(0.003)
(0.005)
May 30, February 28, November 30 August 31,
2019 2019 2018 2018
Revenue
-
-
-
Expenses
683,216
105,357
108,080
111,838
Other (income) expenses
(598)
279
80
9,941
Net loss for the period
(682,618)
(105,636)
(108,106)
(121,779)
Basic and diluted loss per share
(0.012)
(0.007)
(0.002)
(0.002)

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Working Capital

As at May 31, 2020, the Company had cash of $583,775 and reported a working capital deficit of $305,321 compared to cash of $1,091,626 and positive working capital of $268,877 as at May 31, 2019.

Working capital is defined as current assets minus current liabilities. Working capital calculations or changes are not measures of financial performance, nor do they have standardized meanings, under IFRS. Readers are cautioned that this calculation may differ among companies and analysts and therefore may not be directly comparable.

Management believes that disclosure of the Company’s working capital is of value to assess the available capital resources of the Company at a reporting period end.

Subsequent to the May 31, 2020 reporting date, the Company has raised $5,000,000 through a private placement on July 6, 2020, and $909,020 on the exercise of outstanding warrants and stock options.

The Company’s cash and current assets at the date of the MD & A are sufficient to meet the Company’s current accounts payable, accrued liabilities and existing commitments.

At May 31, 2020, substantially all of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents were held with a chartered bank in Canada.

Management is not aware of any liquidity issues associated with any of the banks in which company funds have been deposited.

Long Term Liabilities

The Company also has long-term liabilities outstanding of $395,910. These are non-interest bearing and have no repayment is due in the next 18 months. The total amount of these loan’s is owed to officers of the Company and arose on the provision of unpaid services to the Company.

The Company has no third-party debt obligations or off-balance sheet arrangements at May 31, 2020. Certain amounts are owed to related parties. These amounts are non-interest bearing, unsecured and no payments are due for 18 months.

In order to retain its mineral concessions in Guyana in good-standing, the Company is required to make option payments to the optionors of approximately $500,000 in the next 12 months and pay the Government of Guyana property rental payments of approximately $100,000. The Company’s current working capital is sufficient to fund these commitments. No such payment obligations exist with respect to the Company’s Canadian properties.

Capital Resources

To date, the capital requirements of the Company have been met by equity and loan advances from related parties. The Company has incurred cumulative losses of $34,648,787 and will continue to incur losses and require capital for ongoing property exploration.

The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to raise capital and fund its ongoing operations, or alternatively enter into a joint venture, a merger or other business combination transaction involving a third party, sell all or a portion of the Company’s assets, sell the Company itself, successfully develop the Company’s mineral property interests, or a combination thereof.

The ability to raise additional financing, for future activities beyond those contemplated by the aforementioned financing activity may be impaired, or such financing may not be available on favourable terms, due to conditions beyond the control of the Company, such as uncertainty in the capital markets, depressed commodity prices or country risk factors, caused by pandemics such as COVID-19, or other unexpected events. This exposure is discussed in more detail in the “Risks and Uncertainties” section of this

Page 16

MD&A. These factors indicate the possible existence of a number of material uncertainties beyond the Company’s control which may cast significant doubt as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

While the Company has been successful in securing financing to support past business activities, there is no assurance that it will be able to do so in the future. The Company will require additional financing to complete its planned work programs on mineral properties, meet its ongoing levels of corporate overhead, and discharge its liabilities as they come due. Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements do not reflect the adjustments to the carrying values of assets and liabilities, and the reported expenses and financial position classifications that would be necessary were the going concern assumption inappropriate.

The activities of the Company, principally the acquisition, exploration, and development of properties prospective for gold, are financed through the completion of equity transactions such as equity offerings and the exercise of stock options and warrants.

MANAGEMENT OF CAPITAL

The Company considers its capital to consist of its shareholders’ equity balance, which as at May 31, 2020, totaled $19,591,525 (May 31, 2019 - $10,956,037).

The Company's objective when managing capital is to maintain adequate levels of funding to support its exploration activities and to maintain corporate and administrative functions necessary to support operational activities. The Company manages its capital structure in a manner that provides sufficient funding for operational activities. Funds are primarily secured through equity capital raised by way of private placements. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to continue raising equity capital in the future. The Company invests all capital that is surplus to its immediate operational needs in short-term, liquid and highly rated financial instruments, such as cash and other short-term guaranteed deposits, and all are held in major financial institutions.

There were no changes to the Company's approach to capital risk management during the year. Management believes its capital management approach is reasonable given its stage of operations and size of the company.

OFF BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

As of the date of this MD&A the Company does not have any such arrangements.

SHARE CAPITAL

As at
May 31, 2019
(Audited)
As at
May 31, 2020
(Audited)
Securities Issued and Outstanding
Common shares
106,653,991
66,983,991
Common shares purchase options
7,725,000
4,900,000
Warrants
17,487,730
27,207,730

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The Company has identified its directors and certain senior officers as Related Parties. The compensation cost for Related Parties is as follows:

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----- Start of picture text -----

||||
|---|---|---|
|Year Ended|Year Ended|
|May 31|May 31|
|2020 2019|
|Salaries and fees|263,820 198,667|
|Share based compensation|302,447 147,268|
|Loan to Ontario Inc. (i)|-|276,749|
|Due to officers and directors (ii)|395,910 163,687|

----- End of picture text -----

  • (i) Ontario Inc. is the wholly owned operating subsidiary in Guyana of Bartica Investments Ltd. and was previously controlled by Patrick Sheridan and Violet Smith. It has been consolidated in 2020 as it was acquired on October 24, 2019.

  • (ii) These are amounts charged by Mr. Sheridan and Mr. Noone with respect to the Goldeye arbitration in the amount of $331,291. The balance is represented by a cash advanced by Mr. Sheridan

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED RISKS

The Company manages its exposure to a number of different financial risks arising from operations as well as from the use of financial instruments, including market risks (foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate), credit risk and liquidity risk, through its risk management strategy. The objective of the strategy is to support the delivery of the Company's financial targets while protecting its future financial security and flexibility. Financial risks are primarily managed and monitored through operating and financing activities. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments. The financial risks are evaluated regularly with due consideration to changes in key economic indicators and to up-to-date market information. The Company’s risk exposures and the impact on the Company’s financial instruments are summarized below:

(a) Credit Risk

Credit risk is the financial risk of non-performance of a contracted counter party. The Company's credit risk is primarily attributable to cash and cash equivalents . The Company reduces its credit risk by maintaining its cash with reputable financial institutions.

(b) Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its obligations associated with financial liabilities as they come due. The Company’s investment policy is to invest its excess cash in high grade investment securities with varying terms to maturity, selected with regard to the expected timing of expenditures for continuing operations. The Company monitors its liquidity position and budgets future expenditures, in order to ensure that it will have sufficient capital to satisfy liabilities as they come due.

As at May 31, 2020, the Company had current liabilities of $958,539 (May 31, 2019 - $966,943) and has cash of $583,775 (May 31, 2019 - $1,091,626) to meet its current obligations (see note 1 for going concern). The Company regularly evaluates its cash position to ensure preservation and security of capital as well as maintenance of liquidity.

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(c) Market Risk

Foreign Currency Risk

The Company’s functional currency is the Canadian dollar. The Company has a subsidiary that has a functional currency in Guyanese dollars. Sensitivity to a plus or minus 5% change in the foreign exchange rate of the Guyanese dollar compared to the Canadian dollar would affect the Company’s equity by $ 432,647 (2019 – $nil) with all other variables held constant.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate due to changes in market interest rates. The Company has no significant risk to future cash flows from interest rate risk. The Company does not use derivative instruments to reduce its exposure to interest rate risk.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGMENTS AND ESTIMATES

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make certain judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The Company evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis and bases them on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The Company’s estimates are used for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results are likely to differ from these estimates. Should the Company be unable to meet its ongoing obligations, the realizable value of its assets may decline materially from current estimates.

The accounting policy estimates and judgments described below are considered by management to be essential to the understanding and reasoning used in the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements and the uncertainties that could have a bearing on its financial results. Further details, and a description of certain other areas of estimation and judgment, can be found at Note 2(e) in the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended May 31, 2020.

  • Share-based compensation – management is required to make a number of estimates when determining the compensation expense resulting from share-based transactions, including the forfeiture rate and expected life of the instruments.

  • Warrants - management is required to make a number of estimate when determining the value of warrants, including the forfeiture rate and expected life of the instruments.

  • Impairment indicators – management is required to use judgement when assessing nonfinancial assets for indicators of impairment.

  • Income taxes – measurement of income taxes payable and deferred income tax assets and liabilities requires management to make judgments in the interpretation and application of the relevant tax laws. The actual amount of income taxes only become final upon filing and acceptance of the tax return by the relevant authorities, which occurs subsequent to the issuance of the financial statements.

  • Mining interests - the Company capitalizes the exploration and evaluation expenditures in the statement of financial position. Where an indicator of impairment exists, management will perform an impairment test and if the recoverable amount is less than the carrying value, record an impairment charge.

  • Going concern - Significant judgments are used in the Company’s assessment of its ability to continue as a going concern as described in note 1 of the consolidated financial statements.

  • Business combinations – management uses judgement when assessing if the acquisition meets the definition of a business in accordance with IFRS.

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NEW ACCOUNTING POLICIES ADOPTED

IFRS 16 was issued in January 2016 and replaces IAS 17 – Leases as well as some lease related interpretations. With certain exceptions for leases under twelve months in length or for assets of low value, IFRS 16 states that upon lease commencement a lessee recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at the amount of the liability plus any initial direct costs. After lease commencement, the lessee shall measure the right-of-use asset at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment. A lessee shall either apply IFRS 16 with full retrospective effect or alternatively not restate comparative information but recognise the cumulative effect of initially applying IFRS 16 as an adjustment to opening equity at the date of initial application. IFRS 16 requires that lessors classify each lease as an operating lease or a finance lease. A lease is classified as a finance lease if it transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an underlying asset. Otherwise it is an operating lease. Based on the Company's assessment, the Company has determined that this standard does not have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements

RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES

The business of the Company is subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties. Investment in Common Shares should be considered highly speculative and involves a high degree of risk due to the nature of the Company’s business and the present stage of development, production and exploration and the location of its properties in Guyana. Readers should carefully consider the risks disclosed in this MD&A, the

The risks and uncertainties described in this section are considered by management to be the most important in the context of the Company’s business. The risks and uncertainties below are not listed in order of importance, nor are they inclusive of all the risks and uncertainties the Company may be subject to, and therefore other risks may apply.

  • The impact and risks arising from epidemic diseases, such as the recent outbreak of COVID- 19 may have a significant impact on the Company, and its ability to work in the jurisdiction of its assets.

The impacts of the fast spreading Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the Company are unpredictable. The Company is conducting business as normal with modifications to personnel travel and work locations driven by desire and the need for safety of the Company’s employees as well as others affected by the business of the Company. The Company is currently adapting work at its Projects in response to the mandates of both the Canada and Guyanese Governments, as well as concerns of local communities. Rules in all jurisdictions are changing rapidly and the Company will continue to evaluate and adapt to measures as they are announced. Government and local restrictions on the movement of people and goods may cause work and analysis performed by the Company and its contractors to slow or even cease. Canada is taking very aggressive measures to counter the spread of the virus, however, deteriorating conditions could force the Company to enact force majeure under its agreements or other contracts. Such disruptions in work may cause the Company to miss actual or self-imposed deadlines, push out earlier forecasts, and increase fiscal losses. In addition, the outbreak of COVID-19 has caused considerable disruption to the world economy and financial and metals markets which could have a materially adverse impact on the ability of the Company to raise additional funding in the future and could negatively impact, among other factors, the Company’s share price. Guyana has also implemented lockdown processes in the capital, Georgetown, where the Company has its admin office. Exploration activities in Guyana remain to be operational as the Company has setup an isolated camp to continue its drill program. Explorations activities are currently restricted on the Sandy Lake properties until further notice.

The Company’s principal activity is mineral exploration and development. Companies in this industry are subject to many kinds of risks, including, but not limited to, operational, technical, environmental, labour, social, political, security, financial, economic, and metals pricing. Additionally, often due to factors that cannot be predicted or foreseen, few exploration projects successfully achieve development. While risk management cannot eliminate the impact of all potential risks, the Company strives to manage risks to the extent possible and practicable.

The risks and uncertainties described in this section are considered by management to be the most important in the context of the Company’s business. The risks and uncertainties below are not listed in order of

Page 20

importance, nor are they inclusive of all the risks and uncertainties the Company may be subject to, and therefore other risks may apply.

  • Mineral exploration inherently involves a high degree of risk. All of the mineral property interests of the Company are in the exploration stage and, consequently, may not result in any commercial discoveries.

Few properties which are explored are ultimately developed into producing mines.

The property interests owned by the Company are in the exploration stage only, are without known bodies of commercial mineralization and the Company has no ongoing mining production at any of them. The Company’s mineral exploration activities may not result in any discoveries of commercial bodies of mineralization. If the Company’s efforts do not result in any discovery of commercial mineralization, the Company will be compelled to look for other exploration projects or cease operations.

Additionally, the exploration and development activities of the Company may be disrupted by a variety of risks and hazards, which may be beyond the control of the Company.

These risks include, but are not limited to, social and political strife, litigation, labour stoppages, the inability to obtain adequate power, water, and labour, including consultants or other experts, as well as suitable machinery and equipment. In addition, the Company may be unable to acquire or obtain such necessities as water and surface rights, which may be critical for the continued advancement of exploration and development activities on its mineral property rights.

  • Government expropriation may result in the total loss of the Company’s mineral property interests.

Even if the Company’s mineral property interests are proven to host economic mineral resources, governmental expropriation may result in the total loss of the Company’s mineral property interests without any compensation to the Company. Similarly, expropriation or shutdown of financial institutions or other entities the Company does business with could impact operations.

Further, expropriation of other businesses, in mining or other industries, could impact the Company’s ability to operate and obtain financing, as well as its strategic options.

Finally, expropriation need not be outright, there are many forms of creeping expropriation, through taxation and other mechanisms, that if applied could negatively impact the company’s operations and prospects.

  • The Guyana and Sandy Lake Canada Projects are the Company’s only material properties.

The Guyana Projects and the project at Sandy Lake Canada (collectively, the “Projects”) are the Company’s only material properties of possible exploration value. Actual development costs may differ materially from the Company’s estimates and may render the development of one or more of the Company’s Projects economically unfeasible.

The Company is dependent upon the Projects for future revenue and profits, if any.

Should the development of the Projects not prove to be possible or practicable for political, social, engineering, technical or economic reasons, then the Company’s business and financial position will be significantly and adversely affected from that reasonably expected by the Company, based on data available to it at the date of this MD&A.

If the Company discovers a potentially economic mineral resource or mineral reserve at one or more of the Projects, there is no assurance that the Company will be able to monetize the asset which includes by sale of the asset developing a mine thereon, or otherwise commercially exploiting such mineral resource or mineral reserve, which could materially adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and prospects.

Page 21

  • Interpretation of existing or new governmental regulations in Guyana and Canada may have negative impacts on the Company.

The Company’s assets and activities are subject to both extensive Guyana mining and other laws, Canadian federal, state, provincial, territorial and local laws and regulations governing various matters, including, where applicable, but not limited to:

  • land access, use and ownership;

  • water use;

  • environmental protection;

  • land use designations;

  • social consultation and public referendums;

  • corporate social responsibility;

  • management and use of toxic substances and explosives;

  • rights over and management of natural resources, including minerals and water;

  • prospection, exploration, development and construction of mines, production and reclamation;

  • exports and imports;

  • taxation;

  • mining royalties;

  • imposition of capital restraints by the Government of Guyana, affecting the Company’s ability to operate and to realize the value it may have added to its assets, to the detriment of its shareholders;

  • importation of equipment and goods necessary for the Company’s development of its concessions;

  • transportation;

  • hiring practices and labour standards by companies and contractors, as well as occupational health and safety, including mine safety;

  • reporting requirements related to investment, social and environmental impacts, health and safety issues, and other matters;

  • processes for preventing, controlling or halting artisanal or illegal mining activities; and,

  • historic and cultural preservation.

The costs associated with legal and regulatory compliance can be substantial.

Existing and future changes to laws and regulations, or more stringent or modified application and enforcement of current laws and regulations by local or nations governmental or judicial authorities could generate additional expenses, capital expenditures, delays in the development of the Company’s properties, and even restrictions on or suspensions of Company operations.

Existing or future relevant local laws and regulations may allow governmental authorities and/or private parties to bring complaints or lawsuits against the Company based upon alleged damage to property and/or injury to persons resulting from the environmental, health and safety impacts of the Company’s past and current operations, or possibly even actions or inaction by third parties, including those from whom the Company acquired its properties, and could lead to the imposition of substantial financial judgments, fines, penalties or other civil or criminal sanctions.

In this industry in which the Company operates it is an ongoing challenge to comply strictly with all of the norms which might apply or be applied to the Company.

The Company seeks to retain competent and trained staff, professionals, attorneys, advisors and consultants in the different jurisdictions in which it does business. Even so, there is no certainty that the Company and its contractors will continuously be compliant with all applicable laws and regulations.

  • Failure to comply fully with applicable mining laws, regulations and local practices may have a material adverse impact on the Company’s operations or business, and may lead to Page 22

financial restatements, fines, penalties and other material negative impacts on the Company.

While the Company seeks to fully comply with applicable laws, regulations and local practices, failure of the Company or government officials to comply fully with applicable laws, regulations and local practices, including those relating to mineral rights applications and tenure, could result in loss, reduction, cancellation or expropriation of entitlements, or the imposition of local or foreign parties as joint venture partners with carried or other interests.

Any such loss, reduction or imposition of partners could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s operations or business. Furthermore, unreasonableness, increasing complexity or novel judicial or regulatory interpretations of mining laws and regulations may render the Company incapable of strict compliance.

  • The exploration and the development of the Company’s property interests are subject to extensive laws and regulations governing health, safety, environment and communities.

T he Company’s exploration and development activities are, or may become, subject to extensive laws and regulations governing the protection of the environment, waste disposal, worker and community safety, employee health, mine development, water, preservation of archaeological remains and endangered and protected species, as well as extensive reporting and community engagement requirements, and more. The Company’s ability to obtain permits and other approvals and to successfully operate in particular locations may be adversely impacted by real or perceived detrimental events associated with the Company’s activities or those of other mining companies or associations, or even artisanal or illegal miners, affecting the environment, water, wildlife, human health, or the safety of nearby communities, both within and outside of Canada and Guyana.

Delays in obtaining or failure to secure government permits and approvals, or to secure evictions of illegal miners or other invaders, may adversely affect the Company’s ability to access, explore or develop its properties. The Company has made, and expects to make in the future, significant expenditures to comply with laws and regulations and to the extent reasonably possible, generate social and economic benefit in nearby communities.

On occasion, areas in the Company’s mineral properties are, or may become, occupied by illegal miners, and these incidents are reported and dealt with by the Company using procedures available to it under Canadian or Guyana law as may be the case. The Company, however, may be required to remediate areas on its concessions impacted by its own activities or those of third parties. Future changes to environmental laws, regulations and permitting processes or changes in their enforcement or regulatory interpretation could have an adverse impact on the Company’s operating and financial condition.

  • The Company´s ability to operate on its concessions may depend on its ability to obtain and maintain social licenses.

The Company´s concessions may be in close proximity to, or in some cases overlap with, local communities, and it often needs local approvals in order to access these areas and/or operate.

The Company often enters into agreements with local communities, groups or individuals that address surface access, road or trail usage, local employment and other key issues. The ethnic composition, social organization and landownership structure of the communities may differ on a case by case basis, as may the Company´s exploration requirements and impacts. Similarly, local concerns regarding environmental and social impacts, both current and historic, including pressures and worries related to the activities of illegal miners, as well as expectations related to Company employment, social investment programs and other benefits tend to vary from place to place. Every local stakeholder relationship, however, requires ongoing dialogue and relationship management.

For these purposes, the Company’s senior management engages directly with the relevant stakeholders with the aim of creating sustainable and enduring relationships based on collaboration, shared interests and trust. However, events do not always unfold as intended or according to plan, and the status of relations can deteriorate for any number of reasons, including, but not limited to: influences of local or external political or

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social actors or organizations, shifts in the agendas or interests of individuals or the community as a whole, or the Company´s inability to deliver on community expectations or its commitments, or the occurrence of the unexpected, as in the case of a pandemic. The Company’s senior management is prepared to manage such situations and issues are usually resolved through dialogue within a reasonable timeframe. However, if under extreme circumstances the Company were to lose its social license with one or more communities and be unable to recover it, this could seriously impact the viability of any project.

Additionally, in recent years, local political and social groups and organizations, including indigenous confederations, at times funded at least in part by international nongovernmental organizations, have increased their activities against extractive industries in many jurisdictions, including Canada. Activists have taken such actions as road closures and work stoppages, as well as succeeded in attracting the attention of different local and national media outlets, at times negatively impacting the reputations of the mining sector and/or specific companies.

The ILO convention, requires free, prior and informed consultation to aboriginal or indigenous communities. The Company is committed to the highest standards of such consultation. Apart from clear indigenous interest in the Company’s project in Sandy Lake, it is the Company’s understanding that there are no aboriginal or indigenous communities in its other Projects, but such initiatives cannot be entirely ruled out and, if pursued, may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operations and Projects and on its financial position, cash flows and results of operations.

The Company may not be able to obtain or renew permits that may be or become necessary for its operations.

In the ordinary course of business, the Company may be required to obtain new governmental permits as well as renew permits for exploration and development activities and any ultimate development, construction and commencement of mining operations. Obtaining or renewing necessary permits can be a complex and time-consuming process, which at times may involve several political jurisdictions and different government agencies that may not have the expertise, resources or political disposition needed for efficient and timely processing, and may require public hearings and costly undertakings on the Company’s part. The duration and success of the Company’s efforts to obtain and renew permits are contingent upon many variables not within its control, including the interpretation of applicable requirements implemented by permitting authorities, the expertise and diligence of civil servants, challenges presented by social and political actors, and the timeframes for agency decisions.

The Company may not be able to obtain or renew permits that are necessary to its operations, or the cost to obtain or renew permits may exceed what the Company believes it can recover from a given property once in production. Any unexpected delays or costs associated with the permitting process could slow exploration and/or development or impede the eventual operation of a mine and might adversely impact the Company’s operations and profitability.

The Company has no significant source of operating cash flow and failure to generate revenues in the future could cause it to go out of business.

The Company has limited royalty revenues from ongoing operations and has recorded significant accumulated losses. Based upon current plans, the Company expects to incur operating losses in future periods due to ongoing expenses associated with the holding, exploration, and development of the Company’s mineral property interests.

The Company’s continuing operations are dependent on its ability to secure equity and debt financing, with which it intends to identify, evaluate and acquire interests in mineral properties. The circumstances that could affect the Company’s ability to secure equity and debt financing that is reasonably likely to occur are, without limitation, as follows:

  • the state of capital markets for junior companies in the mineral exploration industry and generally;

  • the prevailing market prices for base and precious minerals;

  • changes in laws, regulations, and political conditions.

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The Company will likely continue to have limited financial resources and its ability to achieve and maintain profitability and positive cash flow will remain dependent upon the Company being able to:

  • develop and/or locate a profitable mineral property;

  • generate royalty revenues in excess of expenditures; and, minimize exploration and administrative costs in the event revenues and/or the availability of financing is insufficient, in order to preserve available cash.

As stated above, in order to maintain the Company’s business, in the absence of cash flow from operations, the Company will have to raise funding through financing activities. However, in the event it needs to do so, there is no certainty the Company will be able to raise funds at all or on terms acceptable to the Company. Furthermore, additional funds raised by the Company through the issuance of equity or convertible debtsecurities would cause the Company’s current shareholders to experience dilution. Such securities also may grant rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of the Company’s common shareholders.

The Company does not have any contractual restrictions on its ability to incur debt and, accordingly, the Company could incur significant amounts of indebtedness to finance its operations. Any such indebtedness could contain restrictive covenants, which likely would restrict the Company’s operations.

  • The mineral exploration industry is intensely competitive in Guyana and Canada.

The Company competes with many companies, including those possessing greater financial resources and technical capabilities, for the acquisition of mineral concessions, claims, leases, other mineral interests, and equipment required to conduct its activities as well as for the recruitment and retention of qualified employees, and contracting of attorneys, consultants and technical experts. Guyana is an emerging mining country with one large mine that only just commenced production in 2016 and as a result mining expertise is limited and competition for qualified nationals is particularly intense.

  • The Company receives royalties from the reported production of independent small-scale miners. There is a risk regarding the completeness of revenue and assets.

The company has made its best effort to verify the completeness of revenue and assets and is comfortable that the controls in place adequately reduce the risk of under-reported revenue to an insignificant amount.

  • Even if the Company makes a discovery of commercial quantities of minerals, there is no assurance that there will be market demand for the resource and that the investment will earn an adequate return.

There is no assurance that even if commercial quantities of minerals are discovered at any of the Company Projects, a ready market will exist for sale of any Project based on a market for the relevant discovered minerals.

Factors beyond the control of the Company may affect the marketability of any minerals discovered. These factors include but are not limited to : market fluctuations; domestic and international economic trends and political events and the possible short, medium and long term effects on funding for mining companies of a South America or worldwide pandemic, whether by COVID-19 or other as yet unknown virus; inflation or deflation; currency exchange fluctuations; interest rates and global or regional consumption patterns; speculative activities; and, government laws and regulations, including those relating to prices, taxes, royalties, land tenure, land use, labour, importing of equipment, importing and exporting of minerals, and environmental protection. The exact effect of any of these factors cannot be accurately predicted, but a combination of them may result in the Company not receiving an adequate return on invested capital or losing its invested capital.

  • Substantial expenditures are required to be made by the Company to establish mineral reserves and the Company may either not discover minerals in sufficient quantities or grades or not be able to obtain the required funds to develop or sell a project on a timely basis.

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Substantial expenditures are required to establish mineral reserves through drilling and the estimation of mineral reserves or mineral resources in accordance with the Canadian Institute of Mining (CIM) Guidelines.

Although significant benefits may be derived from the discovery of a major mineralized deposit, the Company may not discover minerals in sufficient quantities or grades to justify a commercial mining operation and the funds required for development may not be obtained on a timely basis or may not be obtainable on terms acceptable to the Company. Estimates of mineral reserves and mineral resources can also be affected by environmental factors, unforeseen technical difficulties and unusual or unexpected geological formations. In addition, the grades of minerals ultimately mined may differ from those indicated by drilling results. Material changes in mineral reserve or mineral resource estimates, grades, stripping ratios or recovery rates may affect the economic viability of any project.

  • Risks relating to inaccurate estimates of mineral resources, production, purchases, costs, decommissioning or reclamation expenses.

Unless otherwise indicated, mineralization figures presented by the Company in filings with securities regulatory authorities, press releases and other public statements that may be made from time to time, are based upon estimates made in good faith by Company personnel and independent geologists. These estimates are inherently imprecise, as they depend upon geological interpretation and statistical inferences drawn from drilling and sampling analysis, which may prove to be unreliable for any company in this industry at the same stage of asset development. As a result, there can be no assurance that mineral resource or other mineralization figures or estimates of costs (including initial capital costs and initial capital intensity) and expenses will be accurate, nor that the resource mineralization could be mined or processed profitably.

The Company has not commenced production at any of its properties, nor defined or delineated any proven or probable mineral reserves. Therefore, the mineralization estimates for the Company’s properties may almost certainly require adjustments or downward revisions based upon inherently unknown further exploration or development work, or actual production experience.

In addition, the grade of ore ultimately mined, if any, may differ from that indicated by and inferred from drilling results. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that minerals recovered in small-scale tests will be duplicated in large-scale tests under on-site conditions or at production scale. As a result, the mineral resource and mineral reserve estimates that may be contained in the Company’s filings with securities regulatory authorities, press releases and other public statements that may be made from time to time have been determined and valued based on assumed future prices, cut-off grades and operating costs that may prove to be inaccurate.

In addition, extended declines in future market prices for gold or other metals to be discovered on properties of the Company from time to time may render portions of the Company’s mineralization uneconomic and result in reduced reported mineralization.

The estimated parameters for the Company’s projects may be changed as development and mining plans are generated and refined. These parameters would include estimates of how plants, equipment and processes may operate in the future at the Company’s projects, for which cost, and productivity estimates may prove to be incorrect.

Any material alteration in the above noted estimates, or of the Company’s ability to extract mineralization from its projects, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results or financial condition.

The inherent operational risks associated with mining, exploration and development, many of which are beyond the Company’s control.

The Company’s activities are subject to a high degree of risk due to factors that, in some cases, cannot be foreseen, anticipated, or controlled. These risks include, but are not limited to: tectonic or weather activity that may provoke landslides, damage infrastructure or other impacts; labour disruptions; local political or social pressure; the possible economic and human effect of one or more pandemics, legislative and regulatory changes; crime, including corruption; the inability to obtain adequate sources of power, water, labour, suitable or adequate machinery and equipment, and service providers, including drilling, engineering and environmental contractors, as well as expert attorneys and consultants. In addition, the Company may

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be unable to acquire or obtain such requirements as water rights, easements and other surface rights, which may be critical for the continued advancement of exploration, development and operational activities on its mineral concessions. Furthermore, the Company is currently or may become involved in one or more of regulatory and/or legal processes where, in spite of its best reasonable efforts and those of its legal advisors and consultants, results are always uncertain.

These processes could generate delays and adverse decisions and could negatively impact project development and the Company’s prospects.

  • Inadequate infrastructure and resources may adversely affect the Company’s operations and profitability.

Mining, development, exploration and production activities depend, to one degree or another, on adequate infrastructure and services.

Reliable power and fuel sources, roads, bridges, as well as water supplies are important determinants which affect need for capital, as well as operating costs and safety.

The lack of availability on acceptable terms or delay in availability of any one or more of these items could prevent or delay development of one or more of the Company’s Projects.

If adequate infrastructure is not accessible or implementable, there can be no assurance that the development of one or more of the Company’s Project(s) will commence or be completed on a timely basis, if at all.

In addition, unusual or infrequent weather phenomena, tectonic activity, sabotage, government, social or other interference in the maintenance or provision of such infrastructure could adversely affect the Company’s operations and profitability.

  • The Company currently has limited access (if at all) to insurance covering its assets and operations and, as a consequence, could incur considerable costs in the event of a loss.

Mineral exploration involves risks, which, even with a combination of experience, knowledge and careful evaluation, any mining exploration company may not be able to overcome.

Operations in which the Company has a direct or indirect interest may be subject to all the hazards and risks normally incidental to exploration for precious and non-precious metals. Any of these could result in work stoppages, damage to property, and possible environmental damage.

The Company presently has very limited commercial liability insurance and does not intend to increase its liability insurance.

As a result of having limited liability insurance, the Company could incur significant costs that may have a materially adverse effect upon its financial condition and even cause the Company to cease operations.

  • The Company’s mineral property interests or surface property may be subject to prior unregistered agreements or transfers and therefore title to some of the Company’s property interests may be affected.

Although the Company has sought and received such representations as it has been able to obtain from vendors in connection with the acquisition of, or options to acquire, an interest in its mining properties and surface rights, and has conducted reasonable investigations of legal title to each such property, the properties in which the Company has an interest may be subject to prior unregistered agreements or transfers or native land claims, or it is possible that title may be affected by currently undetected defects.

  • The prices of gold, copper, and other base and precious metals have fluctuated significantly in recent years and may adversely affect the economic viability of any of the Company’s mineral properties.

The Company’s revenues, if any, are expected to be almost entirely derived from its work in development of

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one or more of its Projects such that it is seen as an attractive opportunity to a mid-tier resource producer to mine the gold, copper and/or other precious or base metals at a commercially attractive all in sustained cost base.

However, prices of such commodities have fluctuated widely, particularly in recent years, and are affected by numerous factors beyond the Company’s control, including: one or more worldwide pandemic(s), international economic and political trends; expectations of inflation; currency exchange fluctuations; interest rates; consumption patterns; speculative activities; and, increased production due to new mine developments and improved mining and production methods.

The effect of these factors on the price of gold and copper, as well as other precious and base metals, and, therefore, on the economic viability of any of the Company’s mining properties to a 3[rd ] party producer as purchaser, cannot be accurately predicted, but nonetheless may adversely impact the Company’s ability to continue to raise capital and conduct its operations.

  • One or more of the Company’s subsidiaries and mineral properties are in a foreign country and, therefore, a large portion of the Company’s business may be exposed to political, economic, social, security, and other risks and uncertainties.

The Company’s mineral properties, and related subsidiaries, are located in just 2 jurisdictions, Canada and Guyana. The Company may, therefore, be exposed to various types and degrees of security, economic, labour, political, social and other risks and uncertainties, which it could not anticipate.

These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to:

terrorism; hostage taking; military repression; high rates of inflation; labour unrest; war or civil unrest; local political and/or social opposition to mining; creeping or outright expropriation and nationalization; renegotiation or nullification of existing concessions, licenses, permits and contracts, including by way of invalidation of governmental acts; artisanal and illegal mining operations and the Governments of Canada and Guyana enforcement of norms restricting these activities; changes in taxation and mining-related laws and regulations; trade protectionism, including restrictions or tariffs on imports; changes to the foreign exchange regime; changes to the currency regime; currency controls; restrictions on repatriation of funds; changing political conditions, including electoral results; challenges to the validity of governmental acts; litigation and judicial decisions, including approval of processes for popular votes to ban mining in different jurisdictions, that run counter to the Governments of Canada and Guyana current pro-mining policies, possibly precipitated by activists or indigenous groups opposed to extractive industries and/or foreign investment; corrupt or unethical behaviour by government officials or agents, judges, and even Company employees; and, governmental regulations that may favour or require the awarding of contracts to local contractors or require foreign contractors to employ residents of, or purchase supplies from, a particular jurisdiction.

Changes in mining or investment policies or shifts in political and public attitudes in both Guyana and Canada, its provinces, or local political jurisdictions, may adversely affect the Company’s operations or potential profitability.

Operations may be affected in varying degrees by modifications to government legislation and regulations with respect to, but not limited to: restrictions on production; price controls; export controls; currency remittances; taxes, including income taxes, property taxes, value added taxes, capital gains taxes, windfall taxes, and the sovereign adjustment tax; royalties; expropriation of property; foreign investment; maintenance of claims; the environment; land use, including territorial bans on different types of mining activities; land claims or other demands by local people; social consultation and other permitting requirements; artisanal and illegal mining operations; labour; transportation; water use; imports and exports; and, mine safety. Failure to comply strictly with applicable laws, regulations and local practices relating to mineral rights applications and tenure, could result in loss, reduction or expropriation of entitlements, or the imposition of additional local or foreign parties as joint venture partners with carried or other interests.

The impact of one or more of these various factors and uncertainties, none of which can be accurately predicted, could have an adverse effect on the Company’s operations or potential profitability.

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The Company conducts some operations through one or more foreign subsidiaries and a substantial percentage of the Company’s assets are held in such entities.

Accordingly, any future changes in Guyana laws may impose limitation on the transfer of cash or other assets between the parent corporation and such entities, which or among such entities, could restrict the Company’s ability to fund its operations efficiently.

Any such limitations, or the perception that such limitations may exist now or in the future, could have an adverse impact on the Company’s valuation and listed share price.

  • The value of the Company’s common shares, as well as its ability to raise equity capital, may be impacted by future issuances of shares.

The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares without par value. The Company may issue more common shares in the future. Sales of substantial amounts of common shares (including shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options), or the perception that such sales could occur, could materially adversely affect prevailing market prices for the common shares and the ability of the Company to raise equity capital in the future.

  • The Company’s future performance is dependent on key personnel. The temporary or permanent loss of the services of any of the Company’s and its subsidiary’s executives or directors could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business.

  • The Company’s performance is substantially dependent on the performance and continued efforts of the Company’s executives and its board of directors.

  • The loss of the services of any of the Company’s executives or directors could have a material adverse effect on the Company business, results of operations and financial condition. The Company currently does not carry any key person insurance on any of its executives or directors. The Company has limited resources and is currently unable to compete with larger organizations with respect to compensation and perquisites.

The Company is exposed to some financial risk arising from fluctuations in the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and Canadian dollar – as discussed elsewhere in this MD&A.

The Company and its subsidiaries incur the majority of their expenditures in Canadian dollars, and corporate G&A expenses are primarily paid in Canadian dollars. The only need for funds to be sent to Guyana is for monthly costs. These are exposed to currency risk of CAD: USD, since the Guyanese dollar is usually traded in a narrow range of about 5% with the US$. Thus, the Company is exposed to financial risk arising from fluctuations in the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and Canadian dollar, and the degree of volatility of these rates. The Company’s 3[rd ] party drilling contracts and assaying are the main costs for the Company, which costs are payable in Guyanese dollars primarily, so the Company is exposed to an exchange rate risk.

The Company does not use derivative instruments to reduce its exposure to foreign currency risks.

INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE

Disclosure controls and procedures (“DC&P”) are intended to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by securities regulations and that information required to be disclosed is accumulated and communicated to management. Internal controls over financial reporting (“ICFR”) are intended to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purpose in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles.

TSX Venture listed companies are not required to provide representations in the annual filings relating to the establishment and maintenance of DC&P and ICFR, as defined in National Instrument 52-109. In

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particular, the CEO and CFO certifying officers do not make any representations relating to the establishment and maintenance of

  • (i) controls and other procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in its annual filings, filings or other reports filed or submitted under securities legislation is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in securities legislation, and a process to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with the issuer’s GAAP.

The issuer’s certifying officers are responsible for ensuring that processes are in place to provide them with sufficient knowledge to support the representations they are making in their certificates regarding the absence of misrepresentations and fair disclosure of financial information. Investors should be aware that inherent limitation on the ability of certifying officers of a venture issuer to design and implement on a costeffective basis DC&P and ICFR as defined in Multinational Instrument 52-109 may result in additional risks to the quality, reliability, transparency and timeliness of and annual filings and other reports provided under securities legislation.

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