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FORTUNA METALS LTD — Capital/Financing Update 2019
Jul 9, 2019
64952_rns_2019-07-09_3fe97899-6638-4198-80ae-bcaa9f3b1cac.pdf
Capital/Financing Update
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PHONE +61 (8) 9486 4036 ABN WEBSITE 96 095 684 389 www.frontierresources.com.au
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ADDRESS Level 8, 99 St Georges Tce Perth WA 6000
ASX: FNT
Market Announcements Platform
10 July 2019
Major Gold Structures Modelled at Tolukuma
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Geophysical modelling reveals major gold bearing structures within the Tolukuma Tenement coinciding with known gold bearing systems within the Tolukuma Gold mine
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A first phase of drilling at the Saki Deposit demonstrated a 600m wide system, intersecting:
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21.21m @ 1.75 g/t Au from 7m depth (SK009)
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2.25m @ 7.10 g/t Au from 21.5m depth (SK014)
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2.63m @ 5.14 g/t Au from 34.7m depth (SK017)
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Next Steps:
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Acquisition of the complete drill hole database which includes an additional 3,080m of drilling results at the Saki deposit
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Once obtained, all Saki trench and mineral results will be announced prior to undertaking a JORC‐code compliant resource estimate
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Currently seeking joint venture funding for its two additional 100% owned porphyry copper‐gold‐molybdenum and epithermal gold projects (Bulago and Muller Range)
Frontier Resources Limited ( Frontier or the Company ) is pleased to announce that its recently modelled airborne geophysical data revealed major gold bearing structures within its wholly owned EL2531 Tolukuma tenement (Figure 2). A first phase of historical drilling at the Saki Deposit demonstrated a 600m wide system of gold veins coincident with the deepset Saki Gold Zone (Figure 1). At the “Saki I” vein in Degom Creek where the vein is 6m wide, surface gold grades are extremely variable and range between 1m at 6.23 g/t Au to 1m at 49.50 g/t Au and 0.5m at 535 g/t Au. Drillholes through the veins had gold grades generally lower including 21.21m at 1.75 g/t Au from 7m depth (SK009: Saki I vein), 2.25m at 7.10 g/t Au from 21.5m depth (SK014: Saki II Vein), 2.63m at 5.14 g/t Au from 34.7m depth (SK017: Saki III vein), 1.59m at 26.03 g/t Au from 24.6m in drillhole SK019 in the Saki IV vein (Table 1).
The partly mined Tolukuma vein system is one of numerous parallel veins that occur scattered through an area of over 100 sq.km. Fracture systems that can be traced or projected back to a volcanic centre such as Mt.Tafa make a very good locus for gold mineralisation. Re‐activation of pre‐existing faults within the basement Kagi Metamorphics has propagated into the overlying volcanics and these faults have been exploited by mineralising fluids depositing gold.
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Figure 1: 3D Magnetic Structural Model Looking Southwest
Frontier’s recent 3D geophysical magnetic modelling confirms major faults where mineralising fluids have travelled through three major structural zones (Tolukuma, Saki and Ijav Gold Zones) within the “Tolukuma Intrusive Complex” and into the northern part of the EL2531 tenement (Figure 2). These major sub‐surface structures are coincident with gold bearing vein systems at the Tolukuma Gold Mine, Saki gold vein system and Diakoku gold prospect and stream anomalies (Figure 3).
The presence of deepset magnetite altered structures define the highly prospective nature of EL2531 and its significant potential to define additional gold resources for the continuation of future production from Tolukuma gold mine.
Airborne magnetic modelling has also identified a large 10km diameter magnetic halo in the southern half of the tenement through which two major alteration bearing structures emanate from the centre of the Mt.Tafa volcanic complex (Figure 3). A “Graben Structure” and circular feature on its western side was historically identified in satellite imagery and is coincident with a 3km wide north‐south zone of magnetite alteration and further exploration on the ground is required in this region.
Saki Deposit
The Saki deposit is an epithermal vein system comprised of 6 structures that are spread across 600m and running sub‐parallel in a NNW direction across some 1.3 kilometres. They are hosted within a volcanic pile ranging from Andesitic Tuffs to Conglomerates and basalt, which pinch and swell from solid quartz veins 7m wide to thin anastomosing quartz veinlets often accompanied by intense argillic / phyllic alteration as evident in the altered “Saki Gold Zone” identified from the recent modelling (Figures 1 and 3).
In 2002, Tolukuma Gold Mines (TGM) completed a detailed program of drilling at the Saki prospect further east of mining lease ML104 and within the now Frontier owned EL2531. Their objective was to supplement the ever‐depleting ore at the Tolukuma Gold Mine within 10km of trucking distance to the mill at Tolukuma. Five of the Saki veins were drilled during Phase One with 28 drillholes and 2318.4m of core (Figure 4).
All drilling was done with a man portable rig using HQ gear and a capability of drilling to 250m depth when reduced to NQ. The greatest depth attained was 124.35m in SK008 (Table 2).
The mineralisation within the structures is comprised of pyrite, marcasite, stibnite, realgar, with trace amounts of rutile, sphalerite and teantite. These are all intimately associated with quartz, chlorite, illite and smectite clays inside the structures. Native gold was also sighted in one of the petrographic samples.
The Saki group of veins include 6 main NNW‐SSE veins that are 1‐2m wide along a strike length of some 4km spread across an area of 1500m x 600m. Five of the six main veins were drill tested for gold mineralisation including Saki I, Saki II, Saki III, Saki IV and Saki V (Figure 4).
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Figure 2: Location of EL2531
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Figure 3: Magnetic Structural Model PLanview in EL2531
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Figure 4: Saki Vein System First Phase of Drilling
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Saki I
The widest exposure is 6m in the Degom Creek where gold grades are extremely nuggety. SK009 drilled through Saki I, intersecting 21m true width of massive quartz‐sulphide‐clay mineralisation. SK011 intersected Saki I within the oxide zone from a weathered and soft clay‐quartz‐pyrite‐Fe‐oxide mineralisation (Table1).
Saki II
Six holes (SK005, 006, 009, 012, 013, 014) tested the Saki II structure with SK005 intersecting 3.76m of massive quartz‐sulphide‐clay‐FeOxide mineralisation. Both SK005 and SK006 intersected structures which were heavily oxidised. SK012 and 013 failed to intersect a solid coherent vein while SK014 intersected quartz‐stibnite‐realgar‐clay mineralisation of 2.25m at 7.10 g/t Au from 21.5m depth. SK009 also intersected the oxide zone.
Saki III
Six holes (SK001, 002, 003, 004, 017, 018) were drilled into the Saki III structure. SK001 and SK002 targeted a structural intersection which and intersected a strongly oxidised vein that appeared to be flat lying. SK003 and SK004 targeted the Saki III_a and Saki III_b structures, which are 7m apart, intersecting quartz‐pyrite‐ Fe Oxide‐clay mineralisation in a crackle breccia from Saki III_b.
Saki IV
Five drillholes (SK019, 023, 024, 026, 027) were designed to intersect this structure. Two additional holes (SK020, 021) were included when SK019 intersected a twin structure 2m apart between 24.60 – 38.20m returning 1.59m at 26.03 g/t Au and 1.36m at 2.36 g/t Au at an interpreted structural intersection. The structures continued through drillholes SK020, 021, 023 and 024. Vein thickness varied between 1 and 7 metres. The structures vary from massive quartz‐sulphide‐clay vein and a crackle breccia to a zone of shear with thin sheeted veinlets.
Saki V
Surface veins vary from a quartz‐sulphide‐clay breccia vein to a swarm of thin quartz‐pyrite veinlets with widths between 0.3 and 1m across some 200m. Two holes (SK025 & 027) tested this structure with SK025 intersecting 1.06m at 1.02 g/t Au in an oxide zone and SK007 intersecting 0.77m at 3.66 g/t Au in quartz‐ fine sulphide‐clay mineralisation.
Structures are mapped as near vertical in the creeks and near horizontal on the ridges caused by gradual down‐slope creep of the colluvium that has tilted the veins to shallow angles back into the ridge.
The Saki deposit is located at the top end of an Epithermal Low Sulphidation System. The close association of Arsenic and Antimony with Gold and Silver suggests possibility of Au/Ag mineralisation of potential economic value underneath. The changes of bonanza type Au accumulations are enhanced by the existence of multiple structural intersections and tension gashes.
Table 1: Saki Prospect Drillhole Structural Intersections and Grades
| Hole Id | From | To | Width apparent/drilled |
Width True |
Weighted Average Au g/t |
Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SK001 | 20.6 | 21.6 | 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.97m at 5.26 | Saki III Vein |
| SK002 | 21.3 | 23.1 | 1.80 | 1.74 | 1.74m at 2.53 | Saki III Vein |
| SK003 | 12.5 | 15.8 |
3.30 | 1.15 | 1.15m at 3.20 | Saki III a Vein |
| SK003 | 44.6 | ~~15 8~~ 5I.6 |
7.00 | 3.50 | 3.50m at 3.36 | Saki III b Vein |
| SK004 | 50.2 | 51.0 | 0.80 | 0.69 | 0.69m at 2.32 | Saki III a Vein |
| SK004 | 97.9 | 99.4 | 1.45 | 0.72 | 0.72m at 24.00 | Saki III b Vein |
| SK005 | 20.3 | 24.3 | 4.00 | 3.76 | 3.76m at 2.09 | Saki II Vein |
| SK006 | 27 | 27.9 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.9m at 0.24 | Saki II Vein |
| SK007b | 51 | 54 | 3.00 | 2.90 | 2.90m at 1.04 | Saki I Vein |
| SK008 | 62.4 | 80 | 17.60 | 8.80 | 8.80m at 1.63 | Saki I Vein |
| SK008 | 90.1 | 98.8 | 8.70 | 6.15 | 6.15m at 0.58 | Saki II Vein |
| SK009 | 7 | 40 | 33.00 | 21.21 | 21.21m at 1.75 | Saki I Vein |
| SK009 | 115 | 118.5 | 3.50 | 2.47 | 2.47m at 0.72 | Saki II Vein |
| SK010 | 47.1 | 49.6 | 2.50 | 1.16 | 1.16m at 0.10 | Saki I Vein |
| SK011 | 54.7 | 58 | 3.30 | 2.22 | 2.22m at 1.26 | Saki I Vein |
| SK012 | 41.1 | 45.9 | 4.50 | 2.25 | 2.25m at 0.96 | Saki I Vein |
| SK013 | 71.75 | 75.6 | 3.85 | 1.93 | 1.93m at 0.18 | Saki I Vein |
| SK014 | 21.5 | 26 | 4.50 | 2.25 | 2.25m at 7.10 | Saki II Vein |
| SK015 | 51 | 55.7 | 4.7 | 3.08 | 3.09m at 0.31 | Saki III Vein |
| SK016 | 15 | 16 | 1.00 | 0.66 | 0.66m at 0.82 | Tension Gash |
| SK017 | 34.7 | 37.6 | 2.90 | 2.63 | 2.62m at 5.14 | Saki III Vein |
| SK018 | 84.7 | 87.2 | 2.50 | 2.17 | 2.17m at 3.50 | Saki III_b Vein |
| SK019 | 24.6 | 28.1 | 3.50 | 1.59 | 1.59m at 26.03 | Saki IV_a Vein |
| SK019 | 34.1 | 37.1 | 3.00 | 1.36 | 1.36m at 2.36 | Saki IV_b Vein |
| SK020 | 31.8 | 34.4 | 2.60 | 0.86 | 0.86m at 12.29 | Saki IV_a Vein |
| SK021 | 49.3 | 65 | 15.70 | 7.37 | 7.37m at 4.21 | Saki IV_b Vein |
| SK022 | No intersection | |||||
| SK023 | 25.9 | 34.6 | 8.70 | 7.53 | 7.53m at 1.59 | Saki IV Vein |
| SK024 | 40 | 43.2 | 3.20 | 1.84 | 1.84m at 0.73 | Saki IV Vein |
| SK025 | 19.8 | 21.3 | 1.50 | 1.06 | 1.06m at 1.02 | Saki V Vein |
| SK026 | 109.8 | 112.8 | 3.00 | 2.12 | 2.12m at 2.56 | Saki IV Vein |
| SK027 | 23.5 | 24.5 | 1.00 | 0.64 | 0.64m at 2.82 | Saki V Vein |
| SK028 | 52 | 53.5 | 1.50 | 0.68 | 0.68m at 13.87 | Tension Gash |
Table 2: Historical 2002 Saki Prospect Drillhole Locations
| Collar_id | Easting_m | Northing_m | Dip deg | Azimuth deg | EOH_m |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SK001 | 518305 | 9053475 | ‐80 | 127 | 44.20 |
| SK002 | 518305 | 9053475 | ‐73 | 307 | 60.70 |
| SK003 | 518365 | 9053378 | ‐55 | 40 | 59.20 |
| SK004 | 518365 | 9053378 | ‐78 | 40 | 116.10 |
| SK005 | 518256 | 9053419 | ‐73 | 112 | 77.10 |
| SK006 | 518256 | 9053419 | ‐78 | 42 | 81.40 |
| SK007a | 518212 | 9053377 | ‐55 | 37 | 46.10 |
| SK007b | 518212 | 9053377 | ‐67 | 37 | 76.75 |
| SK008 | 518212 | 9053377 | ‐85 | 84 | 124.35 |
| SK009 | 518237 | 9053279 | ‐67 | 57 | 119.50 |
| SK010 | 518237 | 9053279 | ‐85 | 117 | 87.10 |
| SK011 | 518262 | 9053164 | ‐67 | 70 | 83.40 |
| SK012 | 518366 | 9053017 | ‐85 | 67 | 116.30 |
| SK013 | 518366 | 9053017 | ‐74 | 134 | 94.00 |
| SK014 | 518422 | 9052921 | ‐60 | 277 | 75.00 |
| SK015 | 518558 | 9053158 | ‐80 | 12 | 71.70 |
| SK016 | 518558 | 9053158 | ‐50 | 220 | 62.10 |
| SK017 | 518555 | 9053236 | ‐45 | 42 | 40.50 |
| SK018 | 518555 | 9053236 | ‐72 | 42 | 92.10 |
| SK019 | 518552 | 9053386 | ‐65 | 237 | 63.70 |
| SK020 | 518552 | 9053386 | ‐73 | 270 | 80.10 |
| SK021 | 518552 | 9053386 | ‐79 | 190 | 93.30 |
| SK022 | 518502 | 9053446 | ‐55 | 237 | 44.20 |
| SK023 | 518502 | 9053446 | ‐55 | 49 | 51.70 |
| SK024 | 518502 | 9053446 | ‐72 | 49 | 95.10 |
| SK025 | 518549 | 9053661 | ‐72 | 67 | 53.10 |
| SK026 | 518549 | 9053661 | ‐72 | 210 | 126.30 |
| SK027 | 518446 | 9053754 | ‐45 | 67 | 75.40 |
| SK028 | 518218 | 9053634 | ‐79 | 70 | 107.90 |
| Total Drilled: | 2318.4 |
A second drilling program was subsequently completed by TGM. Frontier is in the process of acquiring the complete drill hole database which includes an additional 3,080m of drilling results at the Saki deposit. Once obtained, all Saki trench and drilling results will be announced prior to undertaking a JORC‐code compliant mineral resource estimate.
Frontier is currently reviewing historical 3D Induced Polarisation ground geophysics results along the vein extensions southeast of ML104 Tolukuma mine and will plan the next stage of exploration fieldwork to be completed this year which will include a mapping and trench sampling program.
Further Information
Frontier is focussing on the exploration of its near mine Tolukuma gold project. It is currently seeking joint venture funding for its two additional 100% owned porphyry copper‐gold‐molybdenum and epithermal gold projects in the Highlands of PNG at EL1595 (Bulago) and EL2356 (Muller Range).
Frontier is committed to exploring the resource potential within its 100% owned EL2531 Tolukuma Exploration Licence and hence fully determine its value for the future continuation of mining operations at the Tolukuma gold mine within ML104, which is totally surrounded by EL2531.
For additional information to relating Frontier and our other projects, please visit the website at www.frontierresources.com.au
FRONTIER RESOURCES LTD
Competent Person Statement :
The information in this report that relates to Exploration Results and Mineral Resources is based on information compiled by or compiled under the supervision of Peter Swiridiuk ‐ Member of the Aust. Inst. of Geoscientists. Peter Swiridiuk is a Technical Consultant and Non‐Executive Director for Frontier Resources. Peter Swiridiuk has sufficient experience which is relevant to the type of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration to qualify as Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of the Australasian Code of Reporting Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Resources. Peter Swiridiuk consents to the inclusion in the report of the matters based on the information in the form and context in which it appears. Additionally, Mr Swiridiuk confirms that the entity is not aware of any new information or data that materially affects the information contained in the ASX releases referred to in this report.
Frontier Resources Ltd Exploration Licence Information
| Exploration Licence Number and Name |
Ownership | sub‐ blocks |
AREA (sq.km)* |
Grant Date |
Expiry Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EL 1595 ‐ Bulago EL2356 ‐ Muller Range EL2351 ‐ Tolukuma ELA2529 ‐ Gazelle |
100% Frontier Gold PNG Ltd 100% Frontier Copper PNG Ltd 100% Frontier Copper PNG Ltd 100% Frontier Copper PNG Ltd |
22 56 130 211 |
75.02 190.46 441.72 719.51 |
07‐Jul‐08 31‐Dec‐15 25‐Feb‐19 N/A |
06‐Jul‐20 30‐Dec‐19 24‐Feb‐21 N/A |
| Total of Granted EL's | 208 | 707.20 |
*1 sub‐block approx. 3.41 sq.km
NB: The PNG Mining Act‐1992 stipulates that EL's are granted for a renewable 2 year term (subject to satisfying work and expenditure commitments) and the PNG Government maintains the right to purchase up to 30% project equity at "Sunk Cost" if/when a Mining Lease if granted.
Table 1 Report of Exploration Results
Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data
(Criteria in this section apply to all succeeding sections.)
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sampling | | Nature and quality of sampling (eg cut channels, random | | Drill core samples were sawn in two, with half returned to the |
| techniques | chips, or specific specialised industry standard | core tray for visual inspection, and the other half sent to the | ||
| measurement tools appropriate to the minerals under | TGM lab for assaying. No downlhole logging by a Sonde was | |||
| investigation, such as down hole gamma sondes, or | undertaken. | |||
| handheld XRF instruments, etc). These examples should | | Sampling was supervised and reported by on-site geologists | ||
| not be taken as limiting the broad meaning of sampling. | to ensure sample representivity. | |||
| | Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample | | Material aspects of the mineralisation are noted in the text of | |
| representivity and the appropriate calibration of any | the document. | |||
| measurement tools or systems used. | | Diamond core HQ drilling has been done to obtain mineralized | ||
| | Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are | vein sections in multiples of 50cm then to work back to the | ||
| Material to the Public Report. | remainder of the core section to be assayed at intervals | |||
| | In cases where ‘industry standard’ work has been done this | marked by the site geologist and separated by wooden core | ||
| would be relatively simple (eg ‘reverse circulation drilling | markers. 2kg samples were crushed to -2mm and split by | |||
| was used to obtain 1 m samples from which 3 kg was | Riffle Jones splitter then 300g were pulverized <75 microns | |||
| pulverised to produce a 30 g charge for fire assay’). In other | with a final 20g submitted for assay. | |||
| cases more explanation may be required, such as where | ||||
| there is coarse gold that has inherent sampling problems. | ||||
| Unusual commodities or mineralisation types (eg submarine | ||||
| nodules) may warrant disclosure of detailed information. | ||||
| Drilling | | Drill type (eg core, reverse circulation, open-hole hammer, | | DT250P man portable dril rig. |
| techniques | rotary air blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and details (eg | | HQ diamond core not orientated with no downhole surveys | |
| core diameter, triple or standard tube, depth of diamond | being undertaken. | |||
| tails, face-sampling bit or other type, whether core is | ||||
| _oriented and if so, by what method, etc). _ | ||||
| Drill sample | | Method of recording and assessing core and chip sample | | Core was visually assessed on-site, on tables constructed at |
| recovery | recoveries and results assessed. | the core shed | ||
| | Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and ensure | | Drilling recovery was essentially 70 – 95% with an average | |
| representative nature of the samples. | of 80%. | |||
| | Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery and | | A change of type of diamond impregnated bits and driller | |
| grade and whether sample bias may have occurred due to | experience contributed to improved recoveries however the | |||
| preferential loss/gain of fine/coarse material. | weather or altered nature of the rock made 100% recoveries | |||
| virtually impossible. No relationship exists between grade | ||||
| and recovery. | ||||
| Logging | | Whether core and chip samples have been geologically and | | Drill core has been sampled logged on paper by an |
| geotechnically logged to a level of detail to support | experienced geologist for alteration mineralogy, lithology and | |||
| appropriate Mineral Resource estimation, mining studies | mineralization. Geotechnical parameters included recovery, | |||
| and metallurgical studies. | strength and RQD to a level of detail to support appropriate | |||
| | Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. Core | Mineral Resource estimation, mining studies and |
||
| (or costean, channel, etc) photography. | metallurgical studies. Core trays were photographed in two | |||
| | The total length and percentage of the relevant intersections | trays at a time. Part of the logging included unconfined | ||
| logged. | compressive strength estimations. | |||
| | Logging was qualitative in nature and based on geological | |||
| observations. Detailed geological descriptions are hand | ||||
| written into a drill log for each core section. | ||||
| | The total length and 100% of all drill core was logged. | |||
| Sub-sampling | | If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or all | | Drill core samples were sawn in two, with half returned to the |
| techniques and | core taken. | core tray for visual logging and all the other half sent to the | ||
| sample | | If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc | TGM lab for assaying. | |
| preparation | and whether sampled wet or dry. | | Drill half core 2kg samples were submitted to the Laboratory | |
| | For all sample types, the nature, quality and | for sample preparation and assaying. | ||
| |
appropriateness of the sample preparation technique. Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling stages to maximise representivity of samples. Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is representative of the in situ material collected, including for instance results for field duplicate/second-half sampling. |
| Sampling has been supervised by Senior Geologist and core sample sizes of 50cm as determined by the geologist by visual inspection are appropriate for the quartz vein material being sampled. Core was transported to the laboratory inside a helicopter. |
|
| | Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of | | A suite of 33 core samples were submitted for petrological | |
| the material being sampled. | evaluation and nativegold was sighted in one sample. | |||
| Quality of assay | | The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying and | | Historical procedures undertaken by TGM were appropriate. |
| data and | laboratory procedures used and whether the technique is | Half drill core samples crushed and prepared as 20g samples | ||
| laboratory tests | considered partial or total. | for assaying for a partial aqua regia digest and AAS for Au, | ||
| | For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF | Ag, Pb, Cu, Zn, Sb and Fe. 0.5g samples were submitted for | ||
| instruments, etc, the parameters used in determining the | Hg by cold vapour AAS. The principle of Aqua Regia digest | |||
| analysis including instrument make and model, reading | is that gold can be dissolved by a mixture of 3 part | |||
| times, calibrations factors applied and their derivation, etc. | hydrochloric acid to one part nitric acid. | |||
| | Nature of quality control procedures adopted (eg standards, | | Geophysical 3D modelling was undertaken on historical | |
| blanks, duplicates, external laboratory checks) and whether | airborne magnetic data using standard cesium vapor | |||
| acceptable levels of accuracy (ie lack of bias) and precision have been established. |
| magnetometers. Acceptable levels of accuracy were obtained in the assaying |
||
| results of Au 0.01 ppm, Cu 1 ppb, Ag0.01 ppm. |
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verification of | | The verification of significant intersections by either | | Verified by senior geologist and other geologists onsite at | ||
| sampling and | independent or alternative company personnel. | the time. | ||||
| assaying | | The use of twinned holes. | | There were no twinned drill hole. | ||
| | Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, data | | All assay data is stored on | printed laboratory paper and stored | ||
| verification, data storage (physical and electronic) protocols. | in reports submitted to | the MRA library as paper copies which | ||||
| | Discuss any adjustment to assay data. | were later scanned to digital format. | ||||
| Location of data | | Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes | | Drill holes were located initially by GPS tape and compass | ||
| points | (collar and down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings | surveying for drill sections and long sections. | ||||
| and other locations used in Mineral Resource estimation. | | Map Datum is AGD66. | ||||
| | Specification of the grid system used. | | Topographic control is | low with 40m contours from 1:100,000 | ||
| | Quality and adequacy of topographic control. | plans and 10m contours from airborne DTM contours. | ||||
| Data spacing and | |
Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results. | | Refer to any attached plans for drill hole collar locations. | ||
| distribution | | Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient to | | Drill hole locations and | trench locations and hence data | |
| establish the degree of geological and grade continuity | spacing and distribution is sufficient to establish the degree of | |||||
| appropriate for the Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve | geological and grade | continuity appropriate for the Mineral | ||||
| estimation procedure(s) and classifications applied. | Resource and Ore Reserve estimation procedures. Additional | |||||
| | Whether sample compositing has been applied. | drillholes database information is being gathered prior to | ||||
| undertaking a resource estimate. | ||||||
| | Sample compositingwas not applied. | |||||
| Orientation of | | Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased | | Drill holes are designed to intersect known mineralisation | ||
| data in relation to | sampling of possible structures and the extent to which this | from surface trench | results in a nominally perpendicular | |||
| geological | is known, considering the deposit type. | orientation as much as is practicable. Sample intervals are | ||||
| structure | | If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the | selected based upon | observed geological features and the | ||
| orientation of key mineralised structures is considered to | strike of the narrow quartz veins. | |||||
| have introduced a sampling bias, this should be assessed | | Drillhole samples have been taken perpendicular to known | ||||
| and reported if material. | structures to reduce | any sampling bias and all intercepts | ||||
| have been calculated | to a true vein width. | |||||
| Sample security | | The measures taken to ensure sample security. | | Access to site is controlled and core samples stored on-site in | ||
| a remote location. Site employees transport samples to the | ||||||
| analytical lab by helicopter. The laboratory compound is | ||||||
| secured. | ||||||
| Audits or reviews | | The results of any audits or reviews of sampling techniques | | No audits or reviews of sampling techniques and data have | ||
| and data. | beenperformed. |
Section 2 Reporting of Exploration Results
(Criteria listed in the preceding section also apply to this section.)
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mineral tenement | |
Type, reference name/number, location and ownership | | Frontier Resources Ltd have a 100% ownership of Frontier |
| and land tenure | including agreements or material issues with third parties | Copper (PNG) Limited, which hold 100% title to Exploration | ||
| status | such as joint ventures, partnerships, overriding royalties, | Licences EL 2531-Tolukuma and EL2356-Muler Range. | ||
| native title interests, historical sites, wilderness or national | There are no joint ventures or partnerships in place with | |||
| park and environmental settings. | these two projects. Frontier Copper PNG Ltd IPA | |||
| | The security of the tenure held at the time of reporting along | Certification Number: 91414 was re-issued on 26thApril | ||
| with any known impediments to obtaining a licence to operate | 2019 and originally Certified 8thNovember 2005. | |||
| in the area. | | There are no known impediments to operate in the | ||
| Tolukuma and Muller Range EL’s. Tenements are granted | ||||
| by the Minister of Mines for a period of two years and | ||||
| security is governed by the PNG Mining Act 1992 and | ||||
| Regulation. EL applications require landowner meetings | ||||
| and review by the Mining Advisory Council who make their | ||||
| recommendations to the Minister of Mines. | ||||
| Exploration done | | Acknowledgment and appraisal of exploration by other | | EL2531 Tolukuma was initially stream sampled by Kenecott |
| by other parties | parties. | in the 1960’s afterwards by CRAE who completed both | ||
| steam sediment sampling and rock chip sampling. | ||||
| | Newmont 1985-1989 discovered the Tolukuma vein and | |||
| completed costean and soil sampling and diamond drill | ||||
| holes testing the NW-SE Taula Vein. Newmont completed | ||||
| resource drilling and mine feasibility studies. | ||||
| | Dome Resources purchased the Exploration license from | |||
| Newmont in 1992 and completed feasibility studies in the | ||||
| ML104, granted in 1994, with production commencing in | ||||
| 1995. | ||||
| | In 2000, Durban Roodepoort Deep purchased Dome | |||
| Resources and took over all its interests in PNG. TGM’s | ||||
| work programmes (now 100% DRD included trench | ||||
| sampling and mapping. Work commenced at Saki in 2002 | ||||
| with a programme of extensive trench sampling and | ||||
| mapping and drilling at the Kunda prospect both inside | ||||
| ML104 and within the current EL2531. | ||||
| | Petromin PNG Holdings acquired 100% of the Tolukuma | |||
| projects from Emperor Mines in 2008. Singapore company | ||||
| Asidokona purchased Tolukuma Gold Mines Ltd from | ||||
| Petromin(PNG Government)in November 2015. | ||||
| Geology | | Deposit type, geological setting and style of mineralisation. | | The Saki group of vein systems are intrusive related |
| epithermal Au-Ag quartz veins hosted within rocks of the | ||||
| Pliocene to Miocene Mt.Davidson Volcanics comprised of a |
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| complex of Andesitic flow units and Pyroclastic flow units | ||||
| that have been subsequently intruded by quartz Diorites | ||||
| and Monzonites | ||||
| | Mineralisation is described in the text.. | |||
| Drill hole | | A summary of all information material to the understanding of | | A summary of all drillhole information is noted within |
| Information | the exploration results including a tabulation of the following | Tables in the text of this report. | ||
| information for all Material drill holes: | | Frontier is in the process of acquiring additional historical | ||
| o easting and northing of the drill hole collar |
reports which have drillhole information as well as acquiring | |||
| o elevation or RL (Reduced Level – elevation above sea |
the digital drillhole database. | |||
| level in metres) of the drill hole collar | ||||
| o dip and azimuth of the hole |
||||
| o down hole length and interception depth |
||||
| o hole length. |
||||
| | If the exclusion of this information is justified on the basis that | |||
| the information is not Material and this exclusion does not | ||||
| detract from the understanding of the report, the Competent | ||||
| Person should clearly explain why this is the case. | ||||
| Data aggregation | |
In reporting Exploration Results, weighting averaging | | Exploration results are reported typically within veins. The |
| methods | techniques, maximum and/or minimum grade truncations (eg | grades are compiled using length weighting. | ||
| cutting of high grades) and cut-off grades are usually Material | | No metal equivalent values are stated. | ||
| and should be stated. | ||||
| | Where aggregate intercepts incorporate short lengths of high | |||
| grade results and longer lengths of low grade results, the | ||||
| procedure used for such aggregation should be stated and | ||||
| some typical examples of such aggregations should be shown | ||||
| in detail. | ||||
| | The assumptions used for any reporting of metal equivalent | |||
| values should be clearly stated. | ||||
| Relationship | | These relationships are particularly important in the reporting | | The relationship between mineralisation widths & intercept |
| between mineralisation |
| of Exploration Results. If the geometry of the mineralisation with respect to the drill |
lengths from trench/costeans is moderately well understood. |
|
| widths and intercept lengths |
| hole angle is known, its nature should be reported. If it is not known and only the down hole lengths are reported, there should be a clear statement to this effect (eg ‘down hole _length, true width not known’). _ |
|
Drillholes are generally targeted perpendicular to known veins. True width projections are noted in Tables within the text of this report. |
| Diagrams | | Appropriate maps and sections (with scales) and tabulations | | Appropriate maps, sections and tabulations of drill |
| of intercepts should be included for any significant discovery | intercepts are included. | |||
| being reported These should include, but not be limited to a | ||||
| plan view of drill hole collar locations and appropriate | ||||
| sectional views. | ||||
| Balanced | | Where comprehensive reporting of all Exploration Results is | | Comprehensive reporting of all drilling results has occurred |
| reporting | not practicable, representative reporting of both low and high | in historical reports and reported here where appropriate. | ||
| grades and/or widths should be practiced to avoid misleading | ||||
| reporting of Exploration Results. | ||||
| Other substantive | |
Other exploration data, if meaningful and material, should be | | All meaningful exploration data has been included to date |
| exploration data | reported including (but not limited to): geological observations; | in this and previous ASX announcements. | ||
| geophysical survey results; geochemical survey results; bulk | | 3D magnetic modelling results have been undertaken | ||
| samples – size and method of treatment; metallurgical test | using University of British Columbia developed algorithms | |||
| results; bulk density, groundwater, geotechnical and rock | and applied by an independent geophysics consultancy. | |||
| characteristics; potential deleterious or contaminating | | Frontier is in the process of acquiring additional drillhole | ||
| substances. | reports and a digital database. | |||
| | Ground geophysical 3DIP modelled results have been | |||
| acquired and is currently being interpreted by Frontier. | ||||
| | A petrological study of drillcore samples was completed by | |||
| TerryLeach and Co in 2003. | ||||
| Further work | | The nature and scale of planned further work (eg tests for | | Future work compiling existing historical reports, drillhole |
| lateral extensions or depth extensions or large-scale step-out | data and geophysical data is required before considering | |||
| | drilling). Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas of possible extensions, including the main geological interpretations and future drilling areas, provided this information is not commercially sensitive. |
|
resource estimation, pre-feasibility studies ahead of further trenching and drilling. Appropriate plans are included where possible. The nature of planned further work is provided in the body of text. |