Regulatory Filings • Jul 14, 2025
Regulatory Filings
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(incorporated with limited liability in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates)
Under this U.S.\$20,000,000,000 Euro Medium Term Note Programme (the "Programme"), First Abu Dhabi Bank PJSC ("FAB" and the "Bank") may, subject to compliance with all relevant laws, regulations and directives, from time to time issue notes (the "Notes") denominated in any currency agreed between the Bank and the relevant Dealer(s) (as defined below).
Notes may be issued in bearer or registered form (respectively, "Bearer Notes" and "Registered Notes"). The maximum aggregate principal amount of all Notes from time to time outstanding under the Programme will not exceed U.S.\$20,000,000,000 (or its equivalent in other currencies calculated as provided in the Dealer Agreement described herein), subject to increase as described herein.
The Notes may be issued on a continuing basis to one or more of the dealers specified under "Overview of the Programme" and any additional dealer(s) appointed under the Programme from time to time by the Bank (each a "Dealer" and together, the "Dealers"), which appointment may be for a specific issue or on an ongoing basis. References in this Base Prospectus to the "relevant Dealer(s)" shall, in the case of an issue of Notes being (or intended to be) subscribed by more than one Dealer, be to all Dealers agreeing to subscribe such Notes.
An investment in Notes issued under the Programme involves certain risks. For a discussion of the principal risk factors that may affect the ability of the Bank to fulfil its obligations under the Notes, see "Risk Factors".
This Base Prospectus has been approved as a base prospectus by the Financial Conduct Authority (the "FCA"), as competent authority under Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 ("EUWA") (the "UK Prospectus Regulation"). The FCA only approves this Base Prospectus as meeting the standards of completeness, comprehensibility and consistency imposed by the UK Prospectus Regulation. Such approval should not be considered as an endorsement of the Bank or of the quality of the Notes that are the subject of this Base Prospectus. Investors should make their own assessment as to the suitability of investing in the Notes. Application has been made to the FCA under Part VI of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (the "FSMA") for Notes issued under the Programme (other than Exempt Notes (as defined below)) during the period of 12 months from the date of this Base Prospectus to be admitted to the official list of the FCA (the "Official List") and to the London Stock Exchange plc (the "London Stock Exchange") for such Notes to be admitted to trading on the London Stock Exchange's main market.
References in this Base Prospectus to Notes being "listed" (and all related references) shall mean that such Notes have been admitted to trading on the London Stock Exchange's main market and have been admitted to the Official List. The London Stock Exchange's main market is a UK regulated market for the purpose of Regulation (EU) No 600/2014 on markets in financial instruments as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the EUWA ("UK MiFIR").
This Base Prospectus (as supplemented as at the relevant time, if applicable) is valid for 12 months from its date in relation to Notes which are to be admitted to trading on a UK regulated market (as defined in UK MiFIR). The obligation to supplement this Base Prospectus in the event of a significant new factor, material mistake or material inaccuracy does not apply when this Base Prospectus is no longer valid.
The Bank has been assigned ratings of AA- with a stable outlook by Fitch Ratings Ltd. ("Fitch"), Aa3 with a stable outlook by Moodyꞌs Investors Service Cyprus Limited. ("Moody's Cyprus") and AA- with a stable outlook by S&P Global Ratings Europe Limited ("S&P"). The Emirate of Abu Dhabi has been assigned ratings of AA by Fitch, Aa2 by Moody's Investors Service Singapore Pte. Ltd. ("Moody's Singapore") and AA by S&P, each with a stable outlook. The United Arab Emirates has been assigned a credit rating of Aa2 with a stable outlook by Moody's Singapore.
Each of Moody's Cyprus and S&P is established in the European Economic Area (the "EEA") and is registered under Regulation (EC) No. 1060/2009 (as amended) (the "CRA Regulation"). As such, Moody's Cyprus and S&P are included in the list of credit rating agencies published by European Securities and Markets Authority ("ESMA") on its website (at http://www.esma.europa.eu/page/credit-rating-agencies/cra-authorisation) in accordance with the CRA Regulation. Neither Moody's Cyprus nor S&P are established in the United Kingdom and neither has applied for registration under Regulation (EC) No. 1060/2009 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the EUWA (the "UK CRA Regulation"). Moody's Singapore is not established in the EEA or the United Kingdom and has not applied for registration under the CRA Regulation or the UK CRA Regulation. Accordingly, the ratings issued by Moodyꞌs Cyprus and Moodyꞌs Singapore have been endorsed by Moody's Investors Service Ltd ("Moody's") and the ratings issued by S&P have been endorsed by S&P Global Ratings UK Limited, respectively, in accordance with the UK CRA Regulation and have not been withdrawn. Each of Moody's and S&P Global Ratings UK Limited are established in the United Kingdom and registered under the UK CRA Regulation.
Fitch is established in the United Kingdom and is registered under the UK CRA Regulation. Fitch is not established in the EEA and has not applied for registration under the CRA Regulation. Accordingly, the ratings issued by Fitch have been endorsed by Fitch Ratings Ireland Limited in accordance with the CRA Regulation and have not been withdrawn. Fitch Ratings Ireland Limited is established in the EEA and registered under the CRA Regulation. As such, Fitch Ratings Ireland Limited is included in the list of credit rating agencies published by ESMA on its website (at http://www.esma.europa.eu/page/credit-rating-agencies/craauthorisation) in accordance with the CRA Regulation.
The rating of certain Tranches (as defined herein) of Notes to be issued under the Programme and the credit rating agency issuing such rating may be specified in the relevant Final Terms (or, in the case of Exempt Notes, the relevant Pricing Supplement (as defined below)). A security rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities and may be subject to suspension, reduction or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating agency.
The Programme also permits Notes to be issued on the basis that they will not be admitted to listing, trading on (i) a regulated market for the purposes of the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (Directive 2014/65/EU) (as amended, "MiFID II") in the EEA or (ii) a UK regulated market for the purposes of UK MiFIR in the United Kingdom and/or quotation by any competent authority, stock exchange and/or quotation system ("Exempt Notes") or to be admitted to listing, trading and/or quotation by such other or further competent authorities, stock exchanges and/or quotation systems (which, for the avoidance of doubt, shall exclude a regulated market for the purposes of MiFID II) as may be agreed with the Bank. No base prospectus is required to be produced in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 (the "Prospectus Regulation") or the FSMA for the issue of Exempt Notes and, accordingly, the Exempt Notes issued are not required for, and do not, comply with the Prospectus Regulation or the FSMA. The FCA has neither reviewed nor approved the information contained in this Base Prospectus in relation to the Exempt Notes.
Amounts payable on Floating Rate Notes will be calculated by reference to one of EURIBOR, SHIBOR, HIBOR, EIBOR, SAIBOR, BBSW, PRIBOR, CNH HIBOR, TLREF, TIBOR, BKBM, MIBOR, SOFR, SONIA or €STR as specified in the relevant Final Terms or (in the case of Exempt Notes) the relevant Pricing Supplement, as the case may be. As at the date of this Base Prospectus, the administrators of EURIBOR,SAIBOR and PRIBOR are included in the FCAꞌs register of administrators under Article 36 of the Regulation (EU) No. 2016/1011 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the EUWA (the "UK Benchmarks Regulation"). As at the date of this Base Prospectus, the administrators of SHIBOR, HIBOR, EIBOR, BBSW, CNH HIBOR, TLREF, TIBOR, BKBM, MIBOR, SOFR, SONIA and €STR are not included in the FCAꞌs register of administrators under the UK Benchmarks Regulation. As far as the Bank is aware, (a) SHIBOR, SOFR, SONIA, €STR and EIBOR do not fall within the scope of the UK Benchmarks Regulation by virtue of Article 2 of that regulation; and (b) the transitional provisions in Article 51 of the UK Benchmarks Regulation apply, such that the ASX Benchmarks Limited, the Treasury Markets Association of Banks, Boursa Istanbul, the JBA TIBOR Administration, the New Zealand Financial Markets Association and the Financial Benchmarks India Private Ltd. are not currently required to obtain authorisation/registration (or, if located outside the United Kingdom, recognition, endorsement or equivalence).
Citigroup First Abu Dhabi Bank Standard Chartered Bank
Dealers
Barclays Citigroup Crédit Agricole CIB First Abu Dhabi Bank HSBC J.P. Morgan Mizuho Standard Chartered Bank
The date of this Base Prospectus is 10 July 2025
The Bank accepts responsibility for the information contained in this Base Prospectus and the relevant Final Terms (as defined below) or (in the case of Exempt Notes) the relevant Pricing Supplement (as defined below) for each Tranche (as defined herein) of Notes issued under the Programme and declares that the information contained in this Base Prospectus is, to the best of its knowledge, in accordance with the facts and this Base Prospectus does not omit anything likely to affect the import of such information.
Other than in relation to the documents which are deemed to be incorporated by reference (see "Documents Incorporated by Reference"), the information on the websites to which this Base Prospectus refers does not form part of this Base Prospectus and has not been scrutinised or approved by the FCA.
Where information has been sourced from a third party, the Bank confirms that such information has been accurately reproduced and that, so far as it is aware and is able to ascertain from information published by such third party, no facts have been omitted which would render the reproduced information inaccurate or misleading. The source of any third party information contained in this Base Prospectus is stated where such information appears in this Base Prospectus.
Each Tranche of Notes will be issued on the terms set out herein under "Terms and Conditions of the Notes" (the "Conditions") as supplemented by a document specific to such Tranche called the final terms (the "Final Terms") or (in the case of Exempt Notes) a pricing supplement (the "Pricing Supplement") or in a separate prospectus specific to such Tranche (the "Drawdown Prospectus") as described under "Final Terms, Pricing Supplements and Drawdown Prospectuses" below. In the case of a Tranche of Notes which is the subject of a Pricing Supplement or a Drawdown Prospectus, each reference in this Base Prospectus to information being specified or identified in the relevant Final Terms shall be read and construed as a reference to such information being specified or identified in the relevant Pricing Supplement or Drawdown Prospectus unless the context requires otherwise. This Base Prospectus must be read and construed together with any amendments or supplements hereto and with any information incorporated by reference herein and, in relation to any Tranche of Notes which is the subject of Final Terms, must be read and construed together with the relevant Final Terms.
Each Tranche of Notes may be rated or unrated. Such rating will be specified in the relevant Final Terms or (in the case of Exempt Notes) the relevant Pricing Supplement, as the case may be. A rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities and may be subject to suspension, reduction or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating agency. Please also refer to "Risks related to the market generally – Credit ratings may not reflect all risks" in the Risk Factors section of this Base Prospectus.
No person has been authorised to give any information or to make any representation not contained in or not consistent with this Base Prospectus or any other document entered into in relation to the Programme or any information supplied by the Bank or such other information as is in the public domain and, if given or made, such information or representation should not be relied upon as having been authorised by the Bank, any Arranger (as defined herein) or any Dealer.
Neither the Arrangers, the Dealers nor any of their respective directors, affiliates, advisers or agents make any representation or warranty or accept any liability in relation to the information contained or incorporated by reference in this Base Prospectus or any other information provided by the Bank in connection with the Programme, nor is any responsibility or liability accepted by them as to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained in this Base Prospectus or any responsibility or liability for any acts or omissions of the Bank or any other person (other than the relevant Dealer) in connection with this Base Prospectus or the issue and offering of Notes under the Programme. To the fullest extent permitted by law, none of the Dealers accepts any responsibility for the contents of this Base Prospectus. Each Dealer accordingly disclaims all and any liability whether arising in tort or contract or otherwise (save as referred to above) which it might otherwise have in respect of this Base Prospectus. Neither the delivery of this Base Prospectus or any Final Terms nor the offering, sale or delivery of any Note shall, in any circumstances, create any implication that the information contained in this Base Prospectus is true subsequent to the date hereof or the date upon which this Base Prospectus has been most recently amended or supplemented or that there has been no adverse change, or any event reasonably likely to involve any adverse change, in the prospects or financial or trading position of the Bank since the date hereof or, if later, the date upon which this Base Prospectus has been most recently amended or supplemented or that any other information supplied in connection with the Programme is correct at any time subsequent to the date on which it is supplied or, if different, the date indicated in the document containing the same.
Neither the Arrangers, the Dealers, any of the Agents nor any of their respective directors, affiliates, advisers or agents make any representation or provide any assurance as to the suitability of any Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes (each as defined herein), including the listing or admission to trading thereof on any dedicated "green", "environmental", "sustainable", "social", "transition finance" or other equivalently-labelled segment of any stock exchange or securities market, or to fulfil any green, environmental, sustainability, social or transition finance criteria required by any prospective investors. Neither the Arrangers, the Dealers, any of the Agents nor any of their respective directors, affiliates, advisers or agents has undertaken, nor are they responsible for, any assessment of the eligibility criteria for Eligible Projects (as defined herein), any verification of whether the Eligible Projects meet such criteria, the monitoring of the use of proceeds of any Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes (or amounts equal thereto) or the allocation of the proceeds by the Bank to particular Eligible Projects. Each prospective investor should have regard to the information set out in "Description of the Group – Group ESG Policy – Sustainable Finance Framework" below and determine for itself the relevance of such information for the purposes of an investment in Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes, together with any other investigation it deems necessary. Neither the Arrangers, the Dealers, any of the Agents nor any of their respective directors, affiliates, advisers or agents make any representation as to the suitability or contents of the Bank's sustainable finance framework (as amended, supplemented, restated and/or otherwise updated on the Bank's website from time to time, the "Sustainable Finance Framework"), any second party opinion delivered in respect thereof or any public reporting by or on behalf of the Bank in respect of the application of the proceeds of any issue of Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes, none of which are, nor shall they be deemed to be, incorporated in and/or form part of this Base Prospectus.
No assurance or representation is or can be given by the Bank, the Arrangers, the Dealers, any Agent or any other person that Eligible Projects will meet investor expectations or requirements regarding "green", "environmental", "sustainable", "social", "transition finance" or similar labels (including, without limitation, Regulation (EU) 2020/852 on the establishment of a framework to facilitate sustainable investment (the "EU Taxonomy Regulation")), as regards any investment criteria or guidelines with which such investor or its investments are required to comply or that any adverse environmental and/or other impacts will not occur during the implementation of any projects funded by or related to any Eligible Projects. Each prospective investor should have regard to the factors described in the Sustainable Finance Framework and the relevant information contained in this Base Prospectus and the relevant Final Terms and seek advice from their independent financial adviser or other professional adviser regarding its purchase of the Sustainable Notes or the Transition Finance Notes before deciding to invest. None of the Arrangers, the Dealers, any of the Agents nor any of their respective directors, affiliates, advisers or agents shall be responsible for (i) the suitability of any Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes to fulfil environmental, social, sustainability and/or transition finance criteria required by prospective investors, (ii) whether the proceeds of any Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes will be used to finance and/or refinance Eligible Projects, (iii) any assessment of the Eligible Projects, or (iv) the ongoing monitoring of the use of proceeds in respect of any such Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes.
The distribution of this Base Prospectus and any Final Terms and the offering, sale and delivery of the Notes in certain jurisdictions may be restricted by law. Persons into whose possession this Base Prospectus or any Final Terms comes are required by the Bank and the Dealers to inform themselves about and to observe any such restrictions. For a description of certain restrictions on offers, sales and deliveries of Notes and on the distribution of this Base Prospectus or any Final Terms and other offering material relating to the Notes, see "Subscription and Sale". In particular, the Notes have not been and will not be registered under the United States Securities Act of 1933 (as amended) (the "Securities Act") and may not be offered or sold in the United States or to, or for the account or benefit of, U.S. persons (as defined in Regulation S under the Securities Act ("Regulation S")) except pursuant to an exception from, or in a transaction not subject to, the registration requirements of the Securities Act. The Notes are subject to U.S. tax law requirements.
Neither this Base Prospectus nor any Final Terms constitutes an offer or an invitation to subscribe for or purchase any Notes and should not be considered as a recommendation by the Bank, the Arrangers, the Dealers or any of them that any recipient of this Base Prospectus or any Final Terms should subscribe for or purchase any Notes. Each recipient of this Base Prospectus or any Final Terms shall be taken to have made its own investigation and appraisal of the condition (financial or otherwise) of the Bank.
The maximum aggregate principal amount of Notes outstanding at any one time under the Programme will not exceed U.S.\$20,000,000,000 (and, for this purpose, any Notes denominated in another currency shall be translated into U.S. dollars at the date of the agreement to issue such Notes (calculated in accordance with the provisions of the Dealer Agreement)). The maximum aggregate principal amount of Notes which may be outstanding at any one time under the Programme may be increased from time to time, subject to compliance with the relevant provisions of the Dealer Agreement.
The Notes may not be a suitable investment for all investors. Each prospective investor in the Notes must determine the suitability of that investment in light of its own circumstances. In particular, each prospective investor should:
Some Notes are complex financial instruments. Sophisticated institutional investors generally do not purchase complex financial instruments as stand-alone investments. They purchase complex financial instruments as a way to reduce risk or enhance yield with an understood, measured and appropriate addition of risk to their overall investment portfolios. A prospective investor should not invest in Notes which are complex financial instruments unless it has the expertise (either alone or with the help of a financial adviser) to evaluate how the Notes will perform under changing conditions, the resulting effects on the value of the Notes and the impact this investment will have on the prospective investor's overall investment portfolio.
The investment activities of certain investors are subject to legal investment laws and regulations, or review or regulation by certain authorities. Each prospective investor should consult its legal and tax advisers to determine whether and to what extent: (1) the Notes are legal investments for it; (2) the Notes can be used as collateral for various types of borrowing; and (3) other restrictions apply to its purchase or pledge of any Notes. Financial institutions should consult their legal advisers or the appropriate regulators to determine the appropriate treatment of the Notes under any applicable risk-based capital or similar rules. In addition, prospective investors should consult their own tax advisers on how the rules relating to the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended ("FATCA") may apply to payments they receive under the Notes.
The requirement to publish a base prospectus under the Prospectus Regulation only applies to Notes which are to be admitted to trading on a regulated market for the purposes of MiFID II in the EEA and/or offered to the public in the EEA other than in circumstances where an exemption is available under Article 1(4) and/or 3(2) of the Prospectus Regulation. The requirement to publish a prospectus under the FSMA only applies to Notes which are admitted to trading on a UK regulated market as defined in UK MiFIR and/or offered to the public in the United Kingdom other than in circumstances where an exemption is available under section 86 of the FSMA. References in this Base Prospectus to "Exempt Notes" are to Notes issued by FAB for which no base prospectus is required to be published under the Prospectus Regulation and the FSMA. Exempt Notes do not form part of this Base Prospectus for the purposes of the Prospectus Regulation or the FSMA and the FCA has neither approved nor reviewed information contained in this Base Prospectus in connection with Exempt Notes.
This document may not be distributed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia except to such persons as are permitted under the Rules on the Offer of Securities and Continuing Obligations issued by the Saudi Arabian Capital Market Authority (the "Capital Market Authority").
The Capital Market Authority does not make any representations as to the accuracy or completeness of this document, and expressly disclaims any liability whatsoever for any loss arising from, or incurred in reliance upon, any part of this document. Prospective purchasers of the securities offered hereby should conduct their own due diligence on the accuracy of the information relating to the securities. If you do not understand the contents of this document, you should consult an authorised financial advisor.
In relation to investors in the Kingdom of Bahrain, Notes issued in connection with this Base Prospectus and related offering documents may only be offered in registered form to existing account holders and accredited investors as defined by the Central Bank of Bahrain ("CBB") in the Kingdom of Bahrain where such investors make a minimum investment of at least U.S.\$100,000 or any equivalent amount in any other currency or such other amount as the CBB may determine.
This Base Prospectus does not constitute an offer of securities in the Kingdom of Bahrain pursuant to the terms of Article (81) of the Central Bank and Financial Institutions Law 2006 (decree Law No. 64 of 2006). This Base Prospectus and any related offering documents have not been and will not be registered as a prospectus with the CBB. Accordingly, no Notes may be offered, sold or made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase nor will this Base Prospectus or any other related document or material be used in connection with any offer, sale or invitation to subscribe or purchase Notes, whether directly or indirectly, to persons in the Kingdom of Bahrain, other than to accredited investors (as such term is defined by the CBB) for an offer outside the Kingdom of Bahrain.
The CBB has not reviewed, approved or registered this Base Prospectus or any related offering documents and it has not in any way considered the merits of the Notes to be offered for investment, whether in or outside the Kingdom of Bahrain. Therefore, the CBB assumes no responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the statements and information contained in this Base Prospectus and expressly disclaims any liability whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from reliance upon the whole or any part of the content of this Base Prospectus. No offer of Notes will be made to the public in the Kingdom of Bahrain and this Base Prospectus must be read by the addressee only and must not be issued, passed to, or made available to the public generally.
Any Notes to be issued under this Programme will not be offered, sold or delivered, at any time, directly or indirectly, in the State of Qatar (including the Qatar Financial Centre) in a manner that would constitute a public offering. This Base Prospectus has not been and will not be reviewed or approved by or registered with the Qatar Central Bank, the Qatar Stock Exchange, the Qatar Financial Centre Regulatory Authority or the Qatar Financial Markets Authority in accordance with their regulations or any other regulations in the State of Qatar. The Notes are not and will not be traded on the Qatar Stock Exchange. The Notes and interests therein will not be offered to investors domiciled or resident in the State of Qatar (including the Qatar Financial Centre) and do not constitute debt financing in the State of Qatar under the Commercial Companies Law No. (11) of 2015 or otherwise under the laws of the State of Qatar.
If the relevant Final Terms in respect of any Notes (or the relevant Pricing Supplement, in the case of Exempt Notes) includes a legend entitled "Prohibition of Sale to EEA Retail Investors", the Notes are not intended to be offered, sold or otherwise made available to and should not be offered, sold or otherwise made available to any retail investor in the EEA. For these purposes, a "retail investor" means a person who is one (or more) of: (i) a retail client as defined in point (11) of Article 4(1) of MiFID II; or (ii) a customer within the meaning of Directive (EU) 2016/97, the "Insurance Distribution Directive"), where that customer would not qualify as a professional client as defined in point (10) of Article 4(1) of MiFID II; or (iii) not a qualified investor as defined in the Prospectus Regulation. Consequently, no key information document required by Regulation (EU) No. 1286/2014 (as amended, the "PRIIPs Regulation") for offering or selling the Notes or otherwise making them available to retail investors in the EEA has been prepared and therefore offering or selling the Notes or otherwise making them available to any retail investor in the EEA may be unlawful under the PRIIPs Regulation.
If the relevant Final Terms in respect of any Notes (or the relevant Pricing Supplement, in the case of Exempt Notes) includes a legend entitled "Prohibition of Sales to UK Retail Investors", the Notes are not intended to be offered, sold or otherwise made available to and should not be offered, sold or otherwise made available to any retail investor in the United Kingdom. For these purposes, a "retail investor" means a person who is one (or more) of: (i) a retail client, as defined in point (8) of Article 2 of Regulation (EU) No. 2017/565 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the EUWA; or (ii) a customer within the meaning of the provisions of the FSMA and any rules or regulations made under the FSMA to implement Directive (EU) 2016/97, where that customer would not qualify as a professional client, as defined in point (8) of Article 2(1) of Regulation (EU) No 600/2014 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the EUWA; or (iii) not a qualified investor as defined in Article 2 of the UK Prospectus Regulation. Consequently no key information document required by Regulation (EU) No. 1286/2014 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the EUWA (the "UK PRIIPs Regulation") for offering or selling the Notes or otherwise making them available to retail investors in the United Kingdom has been prepared and therefore offering or selling the Notes or otherwise making them available to any retail investor in the United Kingdom may be unlawful under the UK PRIIPs Regulation.
The relevant Final Terms in respect of any Notes (or the relevant Pricing Supplement, in the case of Exempt Notes) may include a legend entitled "MiFID II Product Governance" which will outline the target market assessment in respect of the Notes and which channels for distribution of the Notes are appropriate. Any person subsequently offering, selling or recommending the Notes (a "distributor") should take into consideration the target market assessment; however, a distributor subject to MiFID II is responsible for undertaking its own target market assessment in respect of the Notes (by either adopting or refining the target market assessment) and determining appropriate distribution channels.
A determination will be made in relation to each issue about whether, for the purpose of the Product Governance rules under EU Delegated Directive 2017/593 (the "MiFID Product Governance Rules"), any Dealer subscribing for any Notes is a manufacturer in respect of such Notes, but, otherwise, neither the Arrangers nor the Dealers nor any of their respective affiliates will be a manufacturer for the purpose of the MiFID Product Governance Rules.
The relevant Final Terms in respect of any Notes (or the relevant Pricing Supplement, in the case of Exempt Notes) will include a legend entitled "UK MiFIR Product Governance" which will outline the target market assessment in respect of the Notes and which channels for distribution of the Notes are appropriate. A distributor should take into consideration the target market assessment; however, a distributor subject to the FCA Handbook Product Intervention and Product Governance Sourcebook (the "UK MiFIR Product Governance Rules") is responsible for undertaking its own target market assessment in respect of the Notes (by either adopting or refining the target market assessment) and determining appropriate distribution channels.
A determination will be made in relation to each issue about whether, for the purpose of the UK MiFIR Product Governance Rules, any Dealer subscribing for any Notes is a manufacturer in respect of such Notes, but otherwise neither the Arrangers nor the Dealers nor any of their respective affiliates will be a manufacturer for the purpose of the UK MiFIR Product Governance Rules.
Unless otherwise stated in the relevant Final Terms (or the relevant Pricing Supplement, in the case of Exempt Notes) all Notes issued or to be issued under the Programme shall be prescribed capital markets products (as defined in the Securities and Futures (Capital Markets Products) Regulations 2018) and Excluded Investment Products (as defined in the Singapore Monetary Authority ("MAS") Notice SFA 04-N12: Notice on the Sale of Investment Products and MAS Notice FAA-N16: Notice on Recommendations on Investment Products).
This Base Prospectus incorporates by reference the following financial statements of FAB, together with its subsidiaries (the "Group"):
The Interim Financial Information has been prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standard ("IAS") 34 "Interim Financial Reporting"and the requirements of applicable laws in the UAE and has been reviewed by PricewaterhouseCoopers Limited Partnership - Abu Dhabi ("PwC") in accordance with the International Standard on Review Engagements 2410 "Review of Interim Financial Information Performed by the Independent Auditor of the Entity" as stated in their review report incorporated by reference in this Base Prospectus.
The Annual Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB") and the requirements of applicable laws in the UAE. The Annual Financial Statements have been audited without qualification by PwC in accordance with International Standards on Auditing ("ISAs") as stated in their independent auditor's report incorporated by reference herein.
The Financial Statements incorporated by reference in this Base Prospectus should be read in conjunction with the respective notes thereto.
The 2024 Financial Statements were adopted by the shareholders of FAB at an Annual General Meeting of FAB held on 11 March 2025 and the 2023 Financial Statements were adopted by the shareholders of FAB at an Annual General Meeting of FAB held on 5 March 2024. The Annual Financial Statements have also been approved by the Central Bank of the UAE (the "UAE Central Bank").
The Group's financial year ends on 31 December and, unless the context otherwise requires, references in this Base Prospectus to 2024 and 2023 are to the 12-month period ending on 31 December in each year.
The financial information regarding the Group included in this Base Prospectus:
Certain numerical figures set out in this Base Prospectus, including financial and operating data, have been rounded. Therefore, the sums of amounts given in some columns or rows in the tables and other lists presented in this Base Prospectus may slightly differ from the totals specified for such columns or rows. Similarly, some percentage values presented in the tables in this Base Prospectus have been rounded and the totals specified in such tables may not add up to 100 per cent.
"Interest income from derivatives", previously classified under "interest income from banks and financial institutions" (AED 132 million for the three month period ended 31 March 2024), has been offset with "interest expense to banks and financial institutions" (AED 132 million for the three month period ended 31 March 2024) in the Interim Financial Information.
"Interest income from derivatives", previously classified under "interest income from banks and financial institutions" (AED 3,864 million for the year ended 31 December 2023), has been offset with interest expense to banks and financial institutions (AED 3,864 million for the year ended 31 December 2023) in the 2024 Financial Statements.
"Interest income from derivatives", previously classified under "interest income from banks and financial institutions" (AED 3,502 million for the year ended 31 December 2023), has been reclassified to "interest income from non trading investment securities" (AED 2,699 million), "loans and advances (excluding Islamic financing)" (AED 657 million) and "reverse repurchase agreements" (AED 146 million) in the 2024 Financial Statements.
"Interest expense on derivatives", previously classified under "banks and financial institutions" (AED 3,020 million for the year ended 31 December 2023) has been reclassified to "interest expense to term borrowings" (AED 2,050 million), "customer accounts and other deposits (excluding Islamic customers' deposits)" (AED 941 million), "subordinated notes" (AED 27 million) and "commercial paper" (AED 2 million) in the 2024 Financial Statements.
Certain financial measures presented by FAB in this Base Prospectus are not defined in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards. FAB believes that the alternative performance measures (as defined in the European Securities and Markets Authority guidelines (the "ESMA Guidelines") on Alternative Performance Measures ("APMs")) included in this Base Prospectus provide useful supplementary information to both investors and to FAB's management, as they facilitate the evaluation of underlying business performance across financial reporting periods. However, investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on this information and should note that, since not all companies calculate financial measurements such as the APMs presented by FAB in this Base Prospectus in the same manner, these are not always directly comparable to performance metrics used by other companies.
Additionally, the APMs presented by FAB in this Base Prospectus are unaudited and have not been prepared in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards or any other accounting standards. Accordingly, these financial measures should not be seen as a substitute for measures defined according to IFRS Accounting Standards. FAB considers that the following metrics (which are set out below along with their reconciliation, to the extent that such information is not defined according to IFRS Accounting Standards and not included in the Financial Statements incorporated by reference into this Base Prospectus) presented in this Base Prospectus constitute APMs for the purposes of the ESMA Guidelines:
| APM | Definition/method of calculation |
Reconciliation with Financial Statements/accounting records |
|---|---|---|
| Return on tangible equity | Financial measure to express efficiency at generating profits from every unit of shareholders' tangible equity and is calculated as profit for the period attributable to shareholders of FAB after deduction of interest |
Net profit for the year/period attributable to shareholders of FAB is as set out in the consolidated statement of profit or loss in the Financial Statements. |
| due (accrual basis) on Tier 1 capital notes divided by average total shareholder tangible equity, with average shareholder tangible equity calculated as the sum of shareholder tangible equity at |
Interest due (accrual basis) on Tier 1 capital notes is derived from the Group's internal accounting records (and is a Bank management calculated number). |
|
| the beginning and end of the period under calculation divided by two. For the three months ended 31 March 2025, |
Total equity is as set out in the consolidated statement of financial position in the Financial Statements. |
|
| the average balance is calculated based on the sum of balances at the beginning (31 December 2024) and end (31 March 2025) of the period |
Non-controlling interest is as set out in the consolidated statement of financial position in the Financial Statements. |
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| divided by two. Shareholder tangible equity is calculated as the total equity less the sum of non-controlling interest, Tier 1 capital notes and intangibles |
Tier 1 capital notes are as set out in the consolidated statement of financial position in the Financial Statements. |
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| (assets). | Intangibles are as set out in the consolidated statement of financial position in the |
Financial Statements.
| APM | Definition/method of calculation |
Reconciliation with Financial Statements/accounting records |
|---|---|---|
| Cost to income ratio | Financial measure to express operating efficiency and is calculated as general, administrative and other operating expenses divided by operating income. |
General, administrative and other operating expenses are as set out in the consolidated statement of profit or loss in the Financial Statements. Operating income is as set out in the consolidated statement of profit or loss in the Financial Statements. |
| Loan to deposit ratio | Liquidity measure to express a bank's ability to fund its loan book through its deposit base and is calculated as loans, advances and Islamic financing divided by customer accounts and other deposits. |
Loans, advances and Islamic financing are as set out in the consolidated statement of financial position in the Financial Statements. Customer accounts and other deposits are as set out in the consolidated statement of financial position in the |
| Non-performing loans, advances and Islamic financing ("NPL") ratio |
Financial measure to express loan asset quality and is calculated as NPLs net of interest in suspense as a percentage of gross loans, advances and Islamic financing net of interest in suspense. |
Financial Statements. NPLs are the Stage 3 loans, advances and Islamic financing along with Stage 3 loans, advances and Islamic financing which are part of purchased originally credit impaired loans, advances and Islamic financing considered by the Group as par to NPLs, each as set out in Note 30 (Financial risk management) to the Interim Financial Information. |
| Interest in suspense is as set out in Note 9 (Loans, advances and financing) to the Islamic Interim Financial Information. |
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| Gross loans, advances and Islamic financing are as set out in Note 9 (Loans, advances and Islamic financing) to the Interim Financial Information. |
| APM | Definition/method of calculation |
Reconciliation with Financial Statements/accounting records |
|---|---|---|
| Provision coverage ratio | Financial measure to provide an indication of the level of provisioning vis-à-vis the NPLs net of interest in suspense and is calculated as impairment allowances as a percentage of NPLs. |
Impairment allowances are total provisions in respect of loans, advances and Islamic financing and total provisions in respect of unfunded exposure, each as set out in Note 50 (Financial risk management) to the 2024 Financial Statements, together with the specific and collective IFRS Accounting Standard 9 "Financial Instruments" ("IFRS 9") reserve as set out in Note 25 (Capital and reserves) to the Interim Financial Information. |
| NPLs are the Stage 3 loans, advances and Islamic financing along with loans, advances and Islamic financing which are part of purchased or originally credit impaired loans, advances and Islamic financing considered by the Group as par to NPLs, each as set out in Note 50 (Financial risk management) to the Interim Financial Information. |
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| Interest in suspense is as set out in Note 9 (Loans, advances and Islamic financing) to the Interim Financial Information. |
Capitalised terms which are used but not defined in any section of this Base Prospectus will have the meaning attributed thereto in the Conditions or any other section of this Base Prospectus. In addition, the following terms as used in this Base Prospectus have the meanings defined below:
Certain figures and percentages included in this Base Prospectus have been subject to rounding adjustments. Accordingly, figures shown in the same category presented in different tables may vary slightly and figures shown as totals in certain tables may not be an arithmetic aggregation of the figures which precede them.
All references in this Base Prospectus to "U.S. dollars", "U.S.\$", "USD" and "\$" refer to United States dollars being the legal currency for the time being of the United States of America and all references in this Base Prospectus to "dirham", "UAE dirham" and "AED" refer to UAE dirham being the legal currency for the time being of the UAE.
The dirham has been pegged to the U.S. dollar since 22 November 1980. The midpoint between the official buying and selling rates for the dirham is at a fixed rate of AED 3.6725 = U.S.\$1.00.
References to a "billion" are to a thousand million.
In this Base Prospectus, unless the contrary intention appears, a reference to a law or a provision of law is a reference to that law or provision as extended, amended or re-enacted.
In connection with the issue of any Tranche of Notes, the Dealer or Dealers (if any) named as the Stabilisation Manager(s) (or persons acting on behalf of any Stabilisation Manager(s)) in the relevant Final Terms (or the relevant Pricing Supplement, in the case of Exempt Notes) may over-allot Notes or effect transactions with a view to supporting the market price of the Notes at a level higher than that which might otherwise prevail. However, stabilisation may not necessarily occur. Any stabilisation action or over-allotment may begin on or after the date on which adequate public disclosure of the terms of the offer of the relevant Tranche of Notes is made and, if begun, may cease at any time, but it must end no later than the earlier of 30 days after the issue date of the relevant Tranche of Notes and 60 days after the date of the allotment of the relevant Tranche of Notes. Any stabilisation action or over-allotment must be conducted by the relevant Stabilisation Manager(s) (or person(s) acting on behalf of any Stabilisation Manager(s)) in accordance with all applicable laws and rules.
| OVERVIEW OF THE PROGRAMME1 | |
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| DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE7 | |
| RISK FACTORS 9 |
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| FINAL TERMS, PRICING SUPPLEMENTS AND DRAWDOWN PROSPECTUSES43 | |
| FORMS OF THE NOTES 44 |
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| TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THE NOTES 51 |
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| FORM OF FINAL TERMS104 | |
| FORM OF PRICING SUPPLEMENT 115 |
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| USE OF PROCEEDS 127 |
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| DESCRIPTION OF THE GROUP 128 |
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| SELECTED FINANCIAL INFORMATION 149 |
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| RISK MANAGEMENT152 | |
| MANAGEMENT163 | |
| THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES BANKING SECTOR AND REGULATIONS177 | |
| THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES BANKING SECTOR AND REGULATIONS177 | |
|---|---|
| TAXATION189 | |
| SUBSCRIPTION AND SALE 191 |
|
| GENERAL INFORMATION199 |
The following overview does not purport to be complete and is taken from, and is qualified in its entirety by, the remainder of this Base Prospectus and, in relation to the terms and conditions of any particular Tranche of Notes, is supplemented by the relevant Final Terms or, in the case of Exempt Notes, the relevant Pricing Supplement.
This overview constitutes a general description of the Programme for the purposes of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 2019/980 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the EUWA.
Words and expressions defined in "Terms and Conditions of the Notes" and in "Forms of the Notes" shall have the same meanings in this overview.
| The Bank: | First Abu Dhabi Bank PJSC is a public joint stock company and is the product of the Merger (the "Merger") of National Bank of Abu Dhabi P.J.S.C. ("NBAD") and First Gulf Bank P.J.S.C. ("FGB") which was effected on 30 March 2017 (the "Effective Date"). The Merger was effected in accordance with the provisions of Article 291 of the UAE Federal Law No. 2 of 2015 Concerning Commercial Companies (the "CCL"), pursuant to which FGB was dissolved and its shares were delisted from the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange on the Effective Date. NBAD, as the surviving corporate entity and the legal successor of FGB, automatically assumed all assets and liabilities of FGB with effect from the Effective Date. |
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| On 24 April 2017, the shareholders of NBAD passed the necessary resolutions at its general assembly meeting to approve a change in its registered name to First Abu Dhabi Bank PJSC. On 25 April 2017, the requisite regulatory approvals to effect the change of name were received by NBAD from the United Arab Emirates' Securities and Commodities Authority. Accordingly, the change of name to First Abu Dhabi Bank PJSC became effective from 25 April 2017. |
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| The registered office of the Bank is FAB Building, Khalifa Business Park – Al Qurm District, P.O. Box 6316, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. See "Description of the Group". |
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| The Bank's Legal Entity Identifier: |
2138002Y3WMK6RZS8H90 |
| Description: | Euro Medium Term Note Programme. |
| Risk Factors: | There are certain factors that may affect the Bank's ability to fulfil its obligations under the Notes issued under the Programme. In addition, there are certain factors which are material for the purpose of assessing the market risks associated with the Notes issued under the Programme. These include certain risks relating to the structure of a particular Series of Notes and certain market risks. See "Risk Factors". |
| Arrangers: | Citigroup Global Markets Limited, First Abu Dhabi Bank PJSC and Standard Chartered Bank. |
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| Dealers: | Barclays Bank PLC, Citigroup Global Markets Limited, Crédit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank, First Abu Dhabi Bank PJSC, HSBC Bank plc, J.P. Morgan Securities plc, Mizuho International plc and Standard Chartered Bank and any other Dealer appointed from time to time by the Bank either generally in respect of the Programme or in relation to a particular Tranche of Notes. |
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| Fiscal Agent: | Citibank N.A., London Branch. | ||
| Registrar: | Citibank Europe plc, Germany Branch. | ||
| Final Terms, Pricing Supplement or Drawdown Prospectus: |
Notes issued under the Programme may be issued either: (1) pursuant to this Base Prospectus and the relevant Final Terms or (in the case of Exempt Notes) the relevant Pricing Supplement; or (2) pursuant to a Drawdown Prospectus. The terms and conditions applicable to any particular Tranche of Notes will be the Conditions as supplemented by the relevant Final Terms or, as the case may be, as supplemented, amended and/or replaced to the extent described in the relevant Pricing Supplement or Drawdown Prospectus. |
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| Listing and Trading: | Application has been made to the FCA for Notes issued under the Programme (other than Exempt Notes) to be admitted to the Official List and to the London Stock Exchange for such Notes to be admitted to trading on the London Stock Exchange's main market. |
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| Notes may be listed or admitted to trading, as the case may be, on other or further stock exchanges or markets agreed between the Bank and the relevant Dealer(s) in relation to the relevant Series. Notes which are neither listed nor admitted to trading on any market may also be issued. |
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| The relevant Final Terms or (in the case of Exempt Notes) the relevant Pricing Supplement will state whether or not the relevant Notes are to be listed and/or admitted to trading and, if so, on which stock exchanges and/or markets. |
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| Clearing Systems: | Euroclear and/or Clearstream, Luxembourg (each as defined herein). |
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| Initial Programme Amount: | Up to U.S.\$20,000,000,000 (or its equivalent in other currencies) aggregate principal amount of Notes outstanding at any one time. |
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| The Bank may increase the amount of the Programme in accordance with the terms of the Dealer Agreement. |
| Issuance in Series: | Notes will be issued in series (each a "Series") having one or more issue dates and on terms otherwise identical (or identical other than in respect of the amount and date of the first payment of interest thereon (if any) and the date from which interest starts to accrue), the Notes of each Series being intended to be interchangeable with all other Notes of that Series. Each Series may be issued in tranches (each a "Tranche") on the same or different issue dates. The specific terms of each Tranche (which will comprise, where necessary, the relevant terms and conditions and, save in respect of the issue date, issue price, first payment of interest and principal amount of the Tranche), will be identical to the terms of other Tranches of the same Series and will be completed in the relevant Final Terms or, in the case of Exempt Notes, the relevant Pricing Supplement. |
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Forms of Notes: Notes may be issued in bearer form ("Bearer Notes") or in registered form ("Registered Notes").
In respect of each Tranche of Bearer Notes, the Bank will initially deliver a Temporary Global Note or (if so specified in the relevant Final Terms in respect of Notes to which the TEFRA C Rules apply (as so specified in such Final Terms)) a Permanent Global Note (each as described herein). Such Global Note will be deposited on or around the relevant issue date therefor with Euroclear and/or Clearstream, Luxembourg and/or any other relevant clearing system. Interests in each Temporary Global Note will, not earlier than 40 days after the issue date of the relevant Tranche of the Notes upon certification as to non-U.S. beneficial ownership, be exchangeable for interests in a Permanent Global Note or, if so specified in the relevant Final Terms, for Definitive Notes (as described herein) in bearer form. Interests in each Permanent Global Note will be exchangeable for Definitive Notes in bearer form. Definitive Notes in bearer form will, if interest-bearing, have Coupons attached and, if appropriate, Talons (each as described herein).
In respect of each Tranche of Registered Notes, the Bank will deliver to each holder Registered Notes which will be recorded in the register which the Bank shall procure to be kept by the Registrar. A Global Registered Note may be registered in the name of a nominee for one or more clearing systems. Registered Notes will not be represented upon issue by a Temporary Global Note and may not be exchanged for Bearer Notes.
Currencies: Notes may be denominated in U.S. dollars, euro, AED or any other currency or currencies, subject to compliance with all applicable legal and/or regulatory and/or central bank requirements. Payments in respect of Notes may, subject to such compliance, be made in any currency or currencies other than the currency in which such Notes are denominated.
Status of the Notes: Notes may be issued on a subordinated or unsubordinated basis, as specified in the relevant Final Terms.
| Issue Price: | Notes may be issued at any price, as specified in the relevant Final Terms. The price and amount of Notes to be issued under the Programme will be determined by the Bank and the relevant Dealer(s) at the time of issue in accordance with prevailing market conditions. |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maturities: | Any maturity is subject, in relation to specific currencies, to compliance with all applicable legal and/or regulatory and/or central bank requirements. |
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| Benchmark Discontinuation: | In the event that a Benchmark Event occurs, such that any rate of interest (or any component part thereof) cannot be determined by reference to the original benchmark or screen rate (as applicable) specified in the relevant Final Terms (or, in the case of Exempt Notes, the relevant Pricing Supplement), then the Bank may (subject to certain conditions) be permitted to substitute such benchmark and/or screen rate (as applicable) with a successor, replacement or alternative benchmark and/or screen rate (with consequent amendment to the terms of such Series of Notes and, potentially, the application of an Adjustment Spread (which could be positive, negative or zero)). See Condition 8(f) (Floating Rate Note Provisions – Benchmark Replacement) for further information. |
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| Redemption: | Subject to any purchase and cancellation or early redemption, the Notes will be redeemed at par. |
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| Optional Redemption: | Notes may be redeemed before their stated maturity at the option of the Bank (either in whole or in part) and/or the Noteholders to the extent (if at all) specified in the relevant Final Terms or Pricing Supplement, as the case may be. |
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| Tax Redemption: | Except as described in "Optional Redemption" above, early redemption will only be permitted for tax reasons as described in Condition 10(b) (Redemption and Purchase – Redemption for tax reasons). |
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| Interest: | Notes may be interest-bearing or non-interest bearing. Interest (if any) may accrue at a fixed rate or a floating rate and the method of calculating interest may vary between the issue date and the maturity date of the relevant Series. |
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| Denominations: | The Notes will be issued in such denominations as may be agreed between the Bank and the relevant Dealer(s) and as specified in the relevant Final Terms or Pricing Supplement, as the case may be, subject to compliance with all applicable legal and/or regulatory and/or central bank requirements. The minimum denomination of each Note (other than an Exempt Note) shall be €100,000 (or, if the Notes are denominated in a currency other than euro, the equivalent amount in such currency as at the date of the issue of the Notes). |
| Fixed Rate Notes: | Fixed interest will be payable in arrear on the date or dates in each year specified in the relevant Final Terms or Pricing Supplement, as the case may be. |
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| Floating Rate Notes: | Floating Rate Notes will bear interest determined separately for each Series on the basis of the reference rate set out in the relevant Final Terms or Pricing Supplement, as the case may be. |
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| Interest on Floating Rate Notes in respect of each Interest Period, as agreed prior to issue by the Bank and the relevant Dealer, will be payable on such Interest Payment Dates, and will be calculated on the basis of such Day Count Fraction, as may be agreed between the Bank and the relevant Dealer. |
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| The Margin (if any) relating to such Floating Rate Notes will be agreed between the Bank and the relevant Dealer for such Series of Floating Rate Notes. |
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| Floating Rate Notes may also have a maximum interest rate, a minimum interest rate or both. Unless otherwise stated in the relevant Final Terms or Pricing Supplement, as the case may be, the minimum interest rate for a Floating Rate Note shall be deemed to be zero. |
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| Negative Pledge: | The Notes will have the benefit of a negative pledge as described in Condition 6 (Negative Pledge), which only applies to Senior Notes. |
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| Cross-Default: | The Notes will have the benefit of a cross-default as described in Condition 14(a)(iii) (Events of Default – Events of Default for Senior Notes – Cross-default of Bank or Principal Subsidiary), which only applies to Senior Notes. |
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| Taxation: | All payments in respect of Notes will be made free and clear of withholding taxes imposed by the United Arab Emirates unless the withholding is required by law. In that event, the Bank will (subject as provided in Condition 13 (Taxation)) pay such additional amounts as will result in the Noteholders receiving such amounts as they would have received in respect of such Notes had no such withholding been required. |
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| Governing Law: | English law. | |
| Enforcement of Notes in Global Form: |
In the case of Global Notes, individual investors' rights against the Bank will be governed by the Deed of Covenant (as defined herein), a copy of which will be available for inspection at the specified office of the Fiscal Agent. |
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| Ratings: | The ratings of certain Tranches of Notes issued under the Programme and the credit rating agency issuing such rating may be specified in the relevant Final Terms (or, in the case of Exempt Notes, the relevant Pricing Supplement). |
A rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities and may be subject to suspension, reduction or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating agency.
Selling Restrictions: For a description of certain restrictions on offers, sales and deliveries of Notes and on the distribution of offering material in the United States of America, the European Economic Area, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, the PRC (excluding the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the PRC, the Macau Special Administrative Region of the PRC and Taiwan), Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, the United Arab Emirates (excluding the Abu Dhabi Global Market and the Dubai International Financial Centre), the Abu Dhabi Global Market, the Dubai International Financial Centre, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Kingdom of Bahrain and the State of Qatar (including the Qatar Financial Centre) and such other restrictions as may be required in connection with the offering and sale of the Notes, see "Subscription and Sale" below.
Category 2 selling restrictions will apply for the purposes of Regulation S under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
The Notes will be issued in compliance with United States Treasury Regulation §1.163-5(c)(2)(i)(D) (or any substantially identical successor U.S. Treasury regulation section including, without limitation, substantially identical regulations issued in accordance with U.S. Internal Revenue Service Notice 2012-20 or otherwise in connection with the U.S. Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act of 2010) (the "D Rules") unless (i) the relevant Final Terms or Pricing Supplement, as the case may be, states that Notes are issued in compliance with United States Treasury Regulation §1.163-5(c)(2)(i)(C) (or any substantially identical successor U.S. Treasury regulation section including, without limitation, substantially identical regulations issued in accordance with U.S. Internal Revenue Service Notice 2012-20 or otherwise in connection with the U.S. Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act of 2010) (the "C Rules") or (ii) the Notes are issued other than in compliance with the D Rules or the C Rules but in circumstances in which the Notes will not constitute "registration required obligations" under the United States Tax Equity Responsibility Act of 1982 ("TEFRA"), which circumstances will be referred to in the relevant Final Terms or Pricing Supplement, as the case may be, as a transaction to which TEFRA is not applicable.
The following documents, which have previously been published and have been filed with the FCA, shall be incorporated in, and form part of, this Base Prospectus:
Copies of the documents incorporated by reference in this Base Prospectus can be obtained from the specified offices of the Fiscal Agent, for the time being in London. In addition, copies of such documents will be available on the website of the Bank (www.bankfab.ae) and on the website of the Regulatory News Service operated by the London Stock Exchange at www.londonstockexchange.com /exchange/news/market-news/market-news-home.html.
Any documents themselves incorporated by reference in the documents incorporated by reference in this Base Prospectus shall not form part of this Base Prospectus.
Only certain parts of the documents referred to above are incorporated by reference in this Base Prospectus. The non-incorporated parts of the documents referred to above are either not relevant for investors or are covered elsewhere in this Base Prospectus.
Following the publication of this Base Prospectus, a supplement may be prepared by the Bank and approved by the FCA in accordance with Article 23 of the UK Prospectus Regulation. Statements contained in any such supplement (or contained in any document incorporated by reference therein) shall, to the extent applicable (whether expressly, by implication or otherwise), be deemed to modify or supersede statements contained in this Base Prospectus or in a document which is incorporated by reference in this Base Prospectus. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not, except as so modified or superseded, constitute a part of this Base Prospectus.
FAB believes that the following factors may affect its ability to fulfil its obligations under the Notes issued under the Programme. Most of these factors are contingencies which may or may not occur. In addition, factors which are material for the purpose of assessing the market risks associated with the Notes issued under the Programme are also described below.
FAB believes that the factors described below represent the principal risks inherent in investing in the Notes issued under the Programme, but the inability of FAB to pay interest, principal or other amounts on or in connection with any Notes or to pay any amount in respect of the principal or other amounts on or in connection with any Notes may occur for other reasons which may not be considered significant risks by FAB based on information currently available to it or which it may not currently be able to anticipate. Prospective investors should also read the detailed information set out elsewhere in this Base Prospectus and reach their own views prior to making any investment decision.
Words and expressions defined elsewhere in this Base Prospectus shall have the same meanings in this section.
The Group, in common with other financial institutions, is susceptible to changes in the macroeconomic environment and the performance of financial markets generally. As at the date of this Base Prospectus, the performance of global debt, equity and commodity markets has been volatile, reflecting the ongoing volatility in the macro-economic climate which has had, and which continues to have, a material adverse effect on the world's economies, including the economies of the UAE and other GCC states.
The UAE economy as a whole, and the economies of other countries in the GCC, are exposed to oil price volatility (see further "Risks relating to the UAE and the Middle East – The UAE's economy is highly dependent upon its oil revenue").
Historically, the markets for oil and gas have been volatile and they are likely to continue to be volatile in the future. Prices for oil and natural gas are based on world supply and demand with increasingly complex interlinkages with other macro-economic conditions and parameters which are both beyond the Group's control and unpredictable. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to a significant decline in hydrocarbon prices in 2020 and the Russia-Ukraine conflict contributed to a significant increase in hydrocarbon prices in 2022. This volatility can be illustrated by the OPEC Reference Basket price which was, based on the average annual price, U.S.\$41.47 in 2020, U.S.\$69.89 in 2021, U.S.\$100.08 in 2022, U.S.\$82.95 in 2023 and U.S.\$79.89 in 2024. The average monthly OPEC Reference Basket price in June 2025 was U.S.\$66.87 (source: OPEC website accessed 16 June 2025). The monthly price per barrel of Arabian Light Crude Oil has also moved in line with these trends.
OPEC member countries produce approximately 40 per cent. of the world's crude oil (according to the World Economic Forum) and, as such, targets set by OPEC to manage oil production in its member countries can affect oil prices. Historically, the announcement of production cuts by OPEC has led to oil price rises in the short- to medium-term. While efforts have been made by OPEC and non-OPEC oil producing countries participating in the Declaration of Cooperation to control oil price volatility by agreeing staged reductions in oil production since 2020, such collaboration is voluntary and there can be no assurance that it will achieve its stated goals or influence oil prices beyond the short-term.
While the Group's direct exposure to the crude oil, gas, mining and quarrying sectors is not significant (with 7.5 per cent. of its gross loans, advances and Islamic financing being to customers in the energy industry as at 31 March 2025), low oil prices and low demand for crude oil may have a material adverse effect on the UAE's economy and cause a reduction in government spending, which may exacerbate the impact on the UAE economy as a whole leading to deterioration in other industries. This may thereby affect the Group's business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects and FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
Additionally, in the UAE, the significant fiscal reforms implemented by the federal government in response to the low oil price environment since 2015 have had, and are expected to continue to have, a significant effect on the UAE economy. The UAE federal government has scaled back capital transfers to government-related entities, reduced government investment, raised electricity and water tariffs and removed fuel subsidies. Lower oil prices and the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the UAE cutting its federal spending for 2021 by approximately 5.3 per cent. as compared to 2020. Further, with effect from 1 January 2018, the UAE federal government introduced a value-added tax ("VAT") regime at a rate of 5 per cent. as part of a broader GCC-wide agreement. Bahrain joined the GCC VAT regime on 1 January 2019 and Oman implemented VAT on 16 April 2021. Qatar is expected to introduce VAT in the near future, though Kuwait has announced that VAT is unlikely to be introduced before 2028. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which implemented VAT on 1 January 2018 at the rate of 5 per cent., increased the rate to 15 per cent. effective from 1 July 2020.
On 31 January 2022, the UAE Ministry of Finance announced the introduction of a corporate income tax (the "CIT") on business profits, which came into effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 1 June 2023. The first accounting period that the CIT is applicable to FAB commenced on 1 January 2024. The CIT applies on the taxable net profits of a business. It does not apply to taxable profits up to AED 375,000 and applies at a standard statutory tax rate of nine per cent. on taxable profits in excess thereof.
In the UAE, these measures have become an integral part of a broader federal government strategy aimed at rationalising fiscal expenditure generally and reducing fiscal dependency on hydrocarbon related revenues. When taken in totality with macroeconomic conditions in the MENA region and globally, the impact on the UAE economy in recent years has been significant. See further "Difficult macro-economic and financial market conditions have affected and could continue to materially adversely affect the Group's business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects".
Moreover, in respect of the Group's Abu Dhabi-based Government-related customers, legislation including Abu Dhabi Executive Council Circular No. 11 of 2015 and Abu Dhabi Executive Council Circular No. 1 of 2017 (together, the "Abu Dhabi Public Debt Laws"), requires any company owned by the Government which has received a copy of such circulars, to obtain the approval of the Abu Dhabi Executive Council for it or any of its subsidiaries to enter into any transaction for borrowing or issue of debt (with an additional requirement to co-ordinate with the Public Debt Office of Abu Dhabi if such borrowing is to be guaranteed by the Government). If the provisions of the Abu Dhabi Public Debt Laws start to be applied more strictly and require the Group's Abu Dhabi-based Government-related customers to obtain Abu Dhabi Executive Council approval each time they contract with the Group, it is possible that the Group may experience a decline in (and/or a delay in execution of) lending activity to customers within this sector.
These fiscal reforms undertaken by the UAE federal government have created significant stress in UAE retail markets (which represents one of the Group's core businesses). In the event that macro-economic conditions deteriorate and/or the challenges faced by the retail sector were to spread to the Group's corporate customers, this could have a material adverse effect on the Group's business, results of operations and financial condition and could thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
During events of extreme volatility witnessed in financial markets since 2014 there have been periods of reduced liquidity, widening credit spreads and a lack of price transparency in credit and capital markets. These adverse market conditions have impacted investment markets both globally and in the UAE, through increased volatility in asset prices, commodity prices, interest rates and exchange rates.
Many of the world's economies are experiencing high levels of inflation, including Egypt, where the Group has operations, which is at risk of becoming hyperinflationary. Global headline inflation is projected at 4.5 per cent. in 2025 (Source: IMF World Economic Outlook, April 2025). However, considerable uncertainty surrounds inflation projections. Various factors have contributed to shaping inflation outlook, including the Russia-Ukraine conflict which has caused an increase in the oil price (as discussed above) and to food prices (due to disruptions in the supply of commodities such as wheat, corn and fertilizers). Prolonged inflation could affect the wider global economy (by, for example, causing prompt broad-based selling in long-duration, fixed-rate debt, which could have negative implications for equity and real estate markets) and the Group's customers and counterparties (leading to lower recoverability) which in turn could affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
As a result of market conditions prevailing as at the date of this Base Prospectus, companies to which FAB has directly extended or continues to extend credit have experienced, and may continue to experience, decreased revenues, financial losses, insolvency, difficulty in obtaining access to financing and increased funding costs and some of these companies have been unable to meet their debt service obligations or other expenses as they become due, including amounts payable to FAB.
These extremely volatile market conditions have resulted in reduced liquidity, the widening of credit spreads and lack of price transparency in credit and capital markets. The adverse market conditions have impacted investment markets both globally and in the UAE, with increased volatility in interest rates and exchange rates. From January 2022 to July 2023, the U.S. Federal Reserve raised U.S. overnight interest rates by 4.25 per cent. The UAE Central Bank raised the UAE Base Rate broadly in line with such cumulative increases and it is highly probable that the UAE Base Rate will continue to track U.S. interest rate movements. In September and November 2024, the U.S. Federal Reserve cut the U.S. overnight interest rate by 0.75 per cent. (in aggregate) which the UAE Central Bank tracked and in December 2024, the UAE Central Bank further reduced the UAE Base Rate by 25 basis points.
Future movements in such rates may adversely impact the Group's margins, borrowing costs and capital if it is unable to adjust to the volatile interest rate environment. The business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects of FAB have been materially adversely affected by these trends and may be further materially adversely affected by future periods of unfavourable economic conditions in the other countries of the GCC and emerging markets generally as well as by United States, European and international trading market conditions and/or related factors.
Credit risk is the risk that the Group's counterparties will fail to discharge their obligations on maturity or in a timely manner, causing the Group to incur a financial loss. Credit risks could materially adversely affect the Group's business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. Some of the credit risks facing the Group are set out below.
If the Group is unable to effectively monitor and control the level of, or, where required, successfully restructure, its NPLs with debtors in financial distress, or its allowance for impairment are insufficient to cover credit losses, the Group's financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected
In common with other banks in the GCC, as a result of adverse economic and political developments in recent years, including the outbreak of COVID-19, adverse changes in consumer confidence levels, consumer spending, liquidity levels, bankruptcy rates and commercial and residential real estate prices, among other factors, have impacted the Group's credit portfolio. See further "Difficult macro-economic and financial market conditions have affected and could continue to materially adversely affect the Group's business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects".
This volatile economic environment and the likely impact on the level of economic activity in Abu Dhabi and the UAE is expected to continue to have an adverse effect on the Group's credit risk profile. Although the Group regularly reviews its credit exposures and has re-priced a portion of its credit portfolio and restructured some of its credit-impaired loans, advances and Islamic financing, customer defaults may continue to occur. The occurrence of these events has affected, and could continue to materially adversely affect, the Group's business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
As at 31 March 2025, the Group had NPLs of AED 18.3 billion and, for the three month period ended 31 March 2025, carried impairment allowances of AED 18 billion. In accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards, the Group is required to reflect the impairment calculated (which is established based on its best estimates of recoveries and judgments leading to calculation of probable losses) as an upfront charge to the condensed consolidated interim statement of profit or loss. This is written back to the condensed consolidated interim statement of profit or loss as and when interest or principal (as appropriate) on the debt is received. The Group's management believes that the levels of impairment allowances for impaired loans, advances and Islamic financing as at 31 March 2025 were sufficient to cover the Group's potential credit losses as at that date. However, there is no guarantee that the impairment charge recognised by the Group will be sufficient to cover its actual credit losses. As at 31 March 2025, the Group had a provision coverage ratio of 98 per cent.
The Group regularly reviews and monitors compliance with lending limits to individual financial institutions and country limits. See further "Risk Management". Further, the Group Credit Committee is responsible for the formulation of credit policies and processes in line with growth, risk management and strategic objectives and FAB's management believes that the systems in place to implement the Group's restructuring of loans, advances and Islamic financing and impairment allowances are adequate as at each reporting date. This may thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
If the Group fails to appropriately restructure or monitor and control the levels of, and adequately provide for, its impaired loans and loans under stress, the Group may need to make further impairment charges and its business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects could be materially adversely affected.
The Group's credit and investment portfolios are concentrated, geographically, in the UAE. As a result, any deterioration in general economic conditions in the UAE or any failure of the Group to effectively manage its geographic, sectoral and client risk concentrations could have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects which could thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
Together, the Group's loans, advances and Islamic financing and investment securities portfolios (investment securities portfolio is defined as investments at fair value through profit or loss, non trading investment securities and investment in associates) (net of provisions) totalled AED 811 billion, or 62.1 per cent. of its total assets, as at 31 March 2025. Of the Group's total gross loans, advances and Islamic financing extended to customers as at 31 March 2025, real estate accounted for 16.4 per cent., personal loans and credit cards accounted for 8.8 per cent. and energy accounted for 7.5 per cent.
The Group's investment securities portfolio comprised AED 191.3 billion (or 72.9 per cent.) of nontrading investment securities as at 31 March 2025. The Group's non-trading debt investments portfolio has significant exposure to the Middle East and North Africa ("MENA") region issuers which are principally government and public sector entities. As at 31 March 2025, the Group's non-trading investment securities portfolio had an exposure of AED 33.2 billion (or 17.4 per cent.) to the UAE while exposure to the GCC, excluding the UAE, was AED 33.5 billion (or 17.5 per cent.).
Further, the majority of the population in the UAE is comprised of non-nationals who require a renewable work permit sponsored by their employer to work and reside in the UAE. Therefore, a significant portion of the Group's customer base and retail portfolio is comprised of UAE-based expatriates. FAB is exposed to a "skip risk" that such customers may leave the UAE without making repayments on their loans. Although the Group takes overseas enforcement action against "skip" borrowers in certain countries, regularly reviews its credit exposures and has in place systems for assessing the financial condition and creditworthiness of its debtors, its failure to do so accurately or effectively may result in an increase in the rate of default for the Group's credit portfolio, which could have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
A substantial increase in new impairment allowances or credit losses greater than the level of previously recorded impairment allowances for credit losses would adversely affect FAB's results of operations and financial condition
In connection with lending activities, FAB periodically establishes impairment allowances for credit losses, which are recorded in its condensed consolidated interim statement of profit or loss. FAB's overall level of impairment allowances is based upon its assessment of prior loss experience along with expected credit loss, which takes into account the volume and type of financing being conducted, collateral held, industry standards, past due financing, economic conditions and other factors related to the recoverability of various financial assets. Although the Group endeavours to establish an appropriate level of impairment allowances based on its best estimate of the amount of incurred credit loss, it might be possible, for example, due to economic stress situations or changes in the regulatory environment, that the Group has to significantly increase its impairment allowances for credit losses. Any significant increase in impairment allowances or a significant change in the Group's estimate of the risk of credit loss inherent in its credit portfolio, as well as the occurrence of credit losses in excess of the impairment allowances allocated with respect thereto, would have an adverse effect on its business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
Furthermore, any mandatory change to the Group's impairment calculation models imposed as a result of accounting standards or regulatory changes may adversely impact impairment allowances established by the Group which would have an adverse effect on its business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes. See further "The United Arab Emirates Banking Sector and Regulations".
The Group generates a significant proportion of its net operating income from certain key clients, including Government-controlled and Government-related entities, members of the ruling family of Abu Dhabi and other high net worth individuals (including the controlled/affiliated entities of these individuals). The loss of all or a substantial portion of the business provided by one or more of these clients could have a material adverse effect on the Group's business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
In addition, the financial condition and ongoing profitability of Government-controlled or Governmentrelated entities largely depends upon Government spending and policy. Therefore, the Group is exposed to shifts in Governmental spending and policy and its impact on the level of economic activity in Abu Dhabi and the UAE over which it has no control and the effect of such shifts on the Group may be difficult to predict. See further "Difficult macro-economic and financial market conditions have affected and could continue to materially adversely affect the Group's business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects".
The Group's failure to adequately foresee and assess such shifts may have an adverse effect on its business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will be unable to meet the payment obligations associated with its financial liabilities when they fall due and/or replace funds when they are withdrawn. Liquidity risks could materially adversely affect the Group's business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes. Some of the liquidity risks facing the Group are set out below.
If the Group's cash flow from its operations is not sufficient to meet its short- and medium-term contractual and contingent payment obligations coming due, it could experience liquidity issues. Such liquidity issues could occur if the Group's available liquidity is not sufficient to enable it to service its debt, fulfil loan commitments or meet other on or off-balance sheet payment obligations on specific dates, even if the Group continues to receive new deposits from customers, proceeds from new financings or its future revenue streams. Such liquidity issues could also arise if there is an unexpected outflow of customer accounts and other deposits, if there is a material decline in the value of the Group's liquid securities portfolio or if the Group is unable to secure short-term funding at commercially acceptable rates to bridge this funding gap.
The Group Assets and Liability Committee sets and monitors liquidity ratios and regularly updates the Group's liquidity management policies and seeks to ensure that the Group is in a position to meet its obligations as they fall due. See further "Risk Management". Further, the Group conducts analysis of maturities of assets and liabilities on a periodic basis to determine its ongoing funding needs and to ensure adequate liquidity is maintained across the defined time horizon. The Group Risk Committee receives regular updates on the Group's liquidity under both normal and stressed market conditions, as well as developing strategies to ensure liquidity is available for defined time horizons under stress scenarios. As at 31 March 2025, the Group had cash and balances with central banks of AED 265.5 billion.
The UAE Central Bank adopted a policy of a gradual, phased introduction of the capital and liquidity standards for credit institutions, approved by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (the "Basel Committee") in response to the 2008 global financial crisis ("Basel III"). As part of this gradual introduction of Basel III in the UAE, the UAE Central Bank informed certain banks in the UAE that they are obliged to report the Basel III Liquidity Coverage Ratio ("LCR") and the Net Stable Funding Ratio ("NSFR") to the UAE Central Bank.
The LCR is a metric introduced by the Basel Committee as part of Basel III to measure a bank's ability to manage a sustained outflow of customer funds in an acute stress event over a 30-day period. The ratio is calculated by taking a financial institution's stock of unencumbered high-quality liquid assets ("HQLAs") – which include low-risk, highly marketable asset classes, designed to provide significant sources of liquidity in such a stress scenario – and dividing it by its projected net cash outflows over the immediately following 30-day period. The LCR requires that banks have sufficient HQLAs in their liquidity buffer to cover the difference between expected cash outflows and expected capped cash inflows over a 30-day stressed period. Basel III requires that the minimum value of the ratio is 100 per cent. (i.e., an institution's stock of HQLAs should at least equal total net cash outflows). As at 31 March 2025, the Group held a portfolio of HQLAs valued at AED 413.9 billion and had a LCR of 132.4 per cent.
By virtue of the inherent costs associated with LCR compliance and maintaining a sufficient portfolio of HQLAs, FAB may be at a competitive disadvantage to its peer UAE-based financial institutions who are not required to monitor liquidity through LCR which may have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
In common with other banks in the UAE, the Group's liabilities include short-term demand and time deposits. A portion of the Group's short-term demand and time deposits fund assets that are mediumto long-term (such as loans and mortgages). Mismatches between the maturities of the Group's assets and liabilities could lead to liquidity risk if the Group is incapable of rolling over existing deposits, raising new deposits or obtaining alternative sources of funding for the existing or future credit portfolio or if the cost of obtaining these deposits or funding differs from market prices.
Although the Group has accessed wholesale funding markets (through bilateral or syndicated borrowings and international bond markets) in order to diversify and increase the maturity of its funding sources, such borrowings have not eliminated contractual asset-liability maturity gaps.
If a substantial portion of the Group's depositors withdraw their demand deposits or do not roll over their time deposits upon maturity, or the Group fails to refinance some of its large short- to mediumterm borrowings, the Group may need to access more expensive sources to meet its funding requirements. No assurance can be given that the Group will be able to obtain additional funding on commercially reasonable terms as and when required, or at all. The Group's inability to refinance or replace such deposits with alternative funding could materially adversely affect the Group's liquidity, business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
As part of its normal banking business, the Group issues revocable and irrevocable commitments to extend credit, guarantees, letters of credit and other financial facilities and makes commitments to invest in securities before such commitments have been fully funded. All of these are accounted for offbalance sheet until such time as they are actually funded or cancelled. Although these commitments are contingent and therefore off-balance sheet, they nonetheless subject the Group to related credit, liquidity and market risks. Credit-related commitments are subject to the same credit approval terms and compliance procedures as loans, advances and Islamic financing extended to customers, and commitments to extend credit are contingent on customers maintaining required credit standards. Although the Group anticipates that not all of its obligations in respect of these commitments will be triggered, it may have to make payments in respect of a substantial portion of such commitments, which could have a material adverse effect on its financial position, and in particular its liquidity position and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes. As at 31 March 2025, the Group had AED 278.4 billion in such contingent liabilities.
The Group's business exposes it to market risk, which is the risk that changes in market prices, such as interest rates, equity prices, commodity prices, foreign exchange rates and credit spreads will affect the Group's income or the fair value of its holdings of financial instruments. Market risks could adversely affect the Group's business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes. Some of the market risks facing the Group are set out below.
Changes in interest rate levels may affect the Group's net interest margins and borrowing costs, and the value of assets sensitive to interest rates and spread changes may be adversely affected
The Group's operations are affected by, among other factors, fluctuations in interest rates. In particular, the Group's activities depend on the Group's interest rate risk management, as well as the connections between market rates and interest margins. The Group's net interest income largely depends on the level of the Group's interest-bearing assets and liabilities, as well as the average interest rate on interestbearing assets and liabilities.
Any shortage of liquidity in markets that are sources of funding for the Group could contribute to an increase in the Group's marginal borrowing costs. Similarly, any increase or changes in benchmark reference rates could also affect the value of certain assets that are sensitive to changes in applicable interest rates.
A fundamental reform of major interest rate benchmarks is being undertaken globally, replacing some interbank offered rates ("IBORs") with alternative risk-free benchmark reference rates. The Group had significant exposure to certain IBORs on its financial instruments which have been reformed as part of these market-wide initiatives. In line with the regulatory guidance, the Group has successfully transitioned all loans, bonds and other balance sheet exposure in British pound sterling ("GBP"), euro (as defined in the Conditions), Japanese Yen ("JPY") and Swiss franc ("CHF") to alternative risk-free rates by 30 September 2024. For loans, bonds and other balance sheet exposures in USD, a small volume of transactions referencing synthetic LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate) in USD remain, and will either mature, or transition, before the next repricing date after 31 March 2025.
Interest rates are sensitive to many factors beyond the Group's control, including the policies of central banks, such as the UAE Central Bank and the U.S. Federal Reserve, political factors and domestic and international economic conditions (see further "Difficult macro-economic and financial market conditions have affected and could continue to materially adversely affect the Group's business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects").
If benchmark reference rates rise, the interest payable on the Group's floating rate borrowings increases. Additionally, in a rising interest rate environment, the Group's interest expense can increase significantly as a result of the higher interest rates payable on the Group's existing time deposits. The Group's marginal cost of funding may increase as a result of a variety of factors, including the deterioration of conditions in the financial markets or the loss of confidence by and between financial institutions. If benchmark reference rates lower, the Group's ability to price its current and saving account deposits and time deposits at a rate lower than the benchmark reference rate may be adversely impacted. As a result, the Group's marginal cost of funding compared to benchmark reference rates may increase. If the Group fails to pass on such changes in funding cost to its customers in a timely manner or at all due to market, competitive or other conditions, such changes in funding cost could have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
The Group holds investment securities. Instability in the international debt and equity capital markets could have a material adverse impact on the Group's investment portfolios. As at each reporting period, the Group records: (a) realised gains or losses on the sale of any investment securities; (b) unrealised fair value gains or losses in respect of any investment securities as at the end of the period on a mark to market basis; and (c) impairment where there is a credit deterioration and are measured on a probability weighted estimate basis.
The amounts of such gains and losses may fluctuate considerably from period to period. The level of fluctuation depends, in part, upon the market value of the securities, which in turn may vary considerably, and the Group's investment policies. FAB cannot predict the amount of realised or unrealised gain or loss for any future period, and variations from period to period are not indicative of future performance. Gains on the Group's investment portfolio may not continue to contribute to net income at levels consistent with those from recent periods or at all.
Any decrease in realised or unrealised investment gains, or increase in realised or unrealised investment losses, in the value of the Group's investment portfolios could have a material adverse effect on the Group's business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
The Group defines operational risk as the risk of loss from inadequate or failed internal processes, people, systems or external events. Operational risks and losses may arise from various causes such as fraud, error by employees, failure to document transactions properly or to obtain proper internal authorisation, failure to comply with regulatory requirements and conduct of business rules, the failure of internal systems and equipment and the occurrence of significant external events, including natural disasters. Although the Group has implemented comprehensive risk controls, loss mitigation strategies and substantial resources which are devoted to developing efficient procedures, it is not possible to eliminate any of the operational risks entirely, which could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition and results of operations and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes. Some of the operational risks facing the Group are set out below.
In the course of its business activities, the Group is exposed to a variety of risks, the most significant of which are credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk and operational risk. See further "Risk Management". Investors should note that any failure to adequately control these risks could result in material adverse effects on the Group's business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects, as well as its general reputation in the market and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
The Group's risk management techniques may not be fully effective or consistently implemented in mitigating its exposure in all market environments or against all types of risk, including risks that are unidentified or unanticipated. Some of the Group's methods of managing risk are based upon its use of historical market behaviour which, as evidenced by events caused by the global financial crisis and global macro-economic volatility in more recent times, may not always accurately predict future risk exposures and could be significantly greater than such historical measures indicate. Other risk management practices, including "know your client" ("KYC") practices, depend upon evaluation of information regarding the markets in which the Group operates, its clients or other matters that are publicly available or information otherwise accessible to the Group.
There is a lack of publicly available information and financial data regarding debtors' credit and payment histories in the GCC (primarily due to borrowers' limited credit histories and inability (and, in certain cases, unwillingness) to provide the quality and quantity of information sought by lenders and the fact that credit bureaus in the UAE are in their infancy). Although the establishment of the Al Etihad Credit Bureau has improved the quality of credit information available to UAE banks, the credit bureau remains in a developing stage. See further "The United Arab Emirates Banking Sector and Regulations – Recent Trends in Banking – Establishing a credit bureau in the UAE". Accordingly, the Group, in common with other UAE banks, is frequently required to make risk management assessments in the absence of the quality and quantity of information available to lenders in other, more developed markets.
As such practices are less developed in the GCC than they are in other markets and may not have been consistently and thoroughly implemented in the past, this information may not be accurate, complete, up-to-date or properly evaluated in all cases.
There can be no assurance that the Group's risk management and internal control policies and procedures will fully control, or protect the Group against, all credit, liquidity, market and other risks. In addition, certain risks could be greater than the Group's empirical data would otherwise indicate. The Group also cannot give assurance that all of its staff have adhered, or will adhere, to its risk policies and procedures. Any material deficiency in the Group's risk management or other internal control policies or procedures may expose it to significant credit, liquidity, market or operational risk, which may in turn have a material adverse effect on the Group's business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
The Group's ability to maintain and grow its business will depend, in part, on its ability to continue to recruit, retain and ensure the performance and contribution of qualified and experienced financial services and leadership personnel. In common with other banks in the UAE, the Group can experience a shortage of qualified employees residing in the UAE, which may require it to recruit from outside the UAE. In addition, even after hiring its employees, the Group may face challenges in retaining such employees due to the continued recruitment efforts of its competitors.
Additionally, with the strong growth that the Group has continued to deliver post-Merger, the Group may need to continue to increase its number of employees. The Group is guided in its human resources ("HR") decisions by the UAE federal government's recommended policy that companies operating in the UAE recruit UAE nationals in accordance with the target set by the UAE Central Bank's nationalisation directive.
While the Group believes that it has effective staff recruitment, retention, development and rewards programmes in place, its failure to recruit, train and/or retain necessary personnel or the shortage of qualified UAE nationals or other nationals prepared to relocate to the UAE, could have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
In common with other financial institutions based in the GCC and elsewhere in the world, cyber-security has become an increasingly important consideration for financial institutions. The quantity of sensitive financial and personal identifiable information stored by financial institutions globally makes them potential targets of cyber-attacks. In common with other financial institutions, the Group recognises the need to protect itself from the threat to security of its information and customer data from cyber-attacks. Risks to technology and information systems change rapidly and require continued focus and investment and the Group acts accordingly and takes appropriate steps on an ongoing basis to combat such threats and minimise such risks by implementing cyber-security controls. Given the increasing sophistication and scope of potential cyber-attacks, it is however possible that future attacks may lead to significant breaches of security. To actively pre-empt this, the Group has implemented defence in depth security architecture with a variety of preventative and detective technical security controls, which are periodically reviewed and assessed, both internally and externally. However, failure to adequately manage cyber-security risk and continually review and update current processes in response to new threats could adversely affect the Group's reputation, business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
Regulatory risk is the risk of loss or reputational damage resulting from an inability to maintain compliance with the prudential and regulatory controls established in the jurisdictions in which the Group operates. Regulatory risks could adversely affect the Group's business, results of operations and financial condition and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes. Some of the regulatory risks currently facing the Group are set out below.
The Group is highly regulated and changes to applicable laws or regulations, the interpretation or enforcement of such laws or regulations or the failure to comply with such laws or regulations could have an adverse impact on the Group's business
The Group is subject to a number of prudential and regulatory controls designed to maintain the safety and soundness of banks, ensure their compliance with economic, social and other objectives and limit their exposure to risk. See further "The United Arab Emirates Banking Sector and Regulations". These regulations include UAE federal laws and regulations (particularly those of the UAE federal government and the UAE Central Bank), as well as the laws and regulations of the other countries in which the Group operates. In particular (but without limitation), the Group is subject to restrictions on credit limits in respect of real estate and construction financing, major shareholders or to a single customer (based on the Group's customer deposits and/or capital and reserves as prescribed by the UAE Central Bank).
Such regulations may limit the Group's ability to increase its credit portfolio or raise capital or may increase the Group's cost of doing business. Any further changes in laws or in central bank regulations or policy and/or the manner in which they are interpreted or enforced may affect the Group's reserves, revenues and performance and may have a material adverse effect on the Group's business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects, including its ability to compete successfully in the geographies in which it operates and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes. Furthermore, non-compliance with regulatory guidelines could expose the Group to potential liabilities and fines. Although the Group works closely with its regulators and continually monitors compliance with central bank regulations and policy (particularly the UAE Central Bank), future changes in regulation, fiscal or other policies cannot be predicted and are beyond its control.
In order to carry out and expand its businesses, it is necessary for the Group to maintain or obtain a variety of licences, permits, approvals and consents from various regulatory, legal, administrative, tax and other governmental authorities and agencies. The processes for obtaining these licences, permits, approvals and consents are often lengthy, complex, unpredictable and costly. If the Group is unable to maintain or obtain the relevant licences, permits, approvals and consents, its ability to achieve its strategic objectives could be impaired.
The Group is also required to comply with applicable anti-money laundering ("AML") and counterterrorism financing ("CTF") laws, economic and trade sanctions, anti-bribery and corruption ("ABC"), and other local regulations in the jurisdictions in which it operates, including sanctions administered, enacted or enforced by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of Treasury, the United Nations Security Council ("UNSC"), the European Union and His Majesty's Treasury of the United Kingdom, applicable local sanctions, and anti-corruption laws in the jurisdictions in which it conducts business.
These laws and regulations require the Group, among other things, to adopt and enforce KYC policies and procedures, to report suspicious activities and transactions to the applicable regulatory authorities and to freeze assets of persons designated by UNSC and/or local regulator where applicable.
The Group has established a Financial Crime Compliance programme including but not limited to AML and CTF (KYC, transaction monitoring and suspicious transaction reporting), sanctions and ABC policies and procedures and reviews them regularly in light of any relevant regulatory and market developments. The Group continually monitors compliance with regulatory and market standards regarding AML and CTF. Nonetheless, the Group's business and reputation could suffer if the UAE's AML and CTF regulations and policies are seen to fall short of international standards.
To the extent that the Group fails or is perceived to fail to fully comply with applicable laws and regulations, the relevant government agencies have the power and authority to commence enforcement actions against the Group and/or impose fines and other penalties on the Group.
In addition, the Group's business and reputation could suffer if customers use the Group's products and services for money laundering, sanctions evasion activities or other illegal purposes. As a result, any such failure to adhere to applicable AML, CTF, ABC, sanctions and other related laws and regulations may have a material adverse effect on the Group's business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
The risks associated with climate change include both physical and economic risks. These risks are subject to rapidly increasing international societal, regulatory and political focus on climate change. A global shift that results in a transition towards a low-carbon economy could have a significant impact on FAB's business. In addition, physical risks from climate change arise from a number of factors and relate to specific weather events and longer-term shifts in the climate. The nature and timing of extreme weather events are uncertain but they are increasing in frequency and their impact on the global economy is predicted to be more acute in the future.
The potential economic impact of global climate change includes, but is not limited to, lower GDP growth, higher unemployment and significant changes in asset prices and profitability of industries. As the international and regional economies in which FAB operate transition to low carbon economies, financial institutions such as FAB may face significant and rapid developments in stakeholder expectations, policy, law and regulation which could impact the lending activities FAB undertakes, as well as the risks associated with its lending portfolios, and the value of FAB's financial assets. Furthermore, FAB may face greater scrutiny of the type of business it conducts, adverse media coverage and reputational damage, which may in turn impact customer demand for FAB's products, returns on certain business activities and the value of certain assets and trading positions, which may result in impairment charges.
If FAB does not adequately embed risks associated with climate change into its risk assessment framework to appropriately measure, manage and disclose the various financial and operational risks it faces as a result of climate change, or fails to adapt its strategy and business model to the changing regulatory requirements and market expectations on a timely basis, there may be a material and adverse impact on the Group's business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
The UAE's economy, and the economy of Abu Dhabi in particular, is highly dependent upon oil revenue. While Abu Dhabi is actively promoting tourism and real estate and undertaking several largescale development projects, oil related gross domestic product ("GDP") continues to dominate Abu Dhabi's economy and contributed approximately 38.5 per cent. to Abu Dhabi's nominal GDP in 2024 (based on preliminary data) compared to approximately 40.3 per cent. in 2023 and approximately 48.0 per cent. in 2022 (source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center website, 'Key Statistical Indicators', accessed March 2025).
The Group has historically received significant funding and other support from the Government and the UAE federal government. In the case of the Government, such funding and other support has been largely derived from the Government's significant oil revenues.
According to OPEC data, as at 31 December 2024, the UAE had approximately 7.2 per cent. of the world's proven crude oil reserves (giving it the fifth largest oil reserves in the world) (source: OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin 2025) while, according to preliminary data produced by the Federal Competitiveness and Statistics Center (the "FCSA"), the hydrocarbon sector (mining and quarrying, including crude oil and natural gas) accounted for 24.4 per cent. of the UAE's nominal GDP in 2023. According to the OPEC website, the price of the OPEC Reference Basket has fluctuated significantly in recent years. See further "Difficult macro-economic and financial market conditions have affected and could continue to materially adversely affect the Group's business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects" above.
With this backdrop, oil prices are expected to continue to fluctuate in the future in response to changes in many factors over which the Group has no control. Factors that may affect the price of oil include, but are not limited to:
If the international prices for hydrocarbon products were to materially fall from their current levels and remain there for a significant period of time into the future this could have a material adverse effect on the UAE's economy which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on the Group's business, financial condition and results of operations and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
The majority of the Group's current operations and interests are located in the UAE. The Group's results of operations are, and will continue to be, generally affected by financial, economic and political developments in or affecting Abu Dhabi, the UAE and the Middle East and, in particular, by the level of economic activity in Abu Dhabi, the UAE and the Middle East which, in turn, is affected by the prevailing level of global crude oil prices. It is not possible to predict the occurrence of events or circumstances, such as war or hostilities, or the impact of such occurrences, and no assurance can be given that FAB would be able to sustain the operation of its business if adverse political events or circumstances were to occur. A general downturn or instability in certain sectors of the UAE or the regional economy could have an adverse effect on the Group's business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
Investors should also note that the Group's business and financial performance could be adversely affected by political, economic or related developments both within and outside the Middle East because of interrelationships within the global financial markets. In addition, the implementation by the Government or the UAE federal government of restrictive fiscal or monetary policies or regulations, including changes with respect to interest rates, new legal interpretations of existing regulations or the introduction of a broad taxation regime (extending beyond VAT, which was introduced in the UAE with effect from 1 January 2018 and the CIT that came into effect on 1 June 2023) or exchange controls could have a material adverse effect on the Group's business, financial condition and results of operations and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
While the UAE is seen as a relatively stable political environment, certain other jurisdictions in the Middle East are not and there is a risk that regional geopolitical instability could impact the UAE. Instability in the Middle East may result from a number of factors, including government or military regime change, civil unrest or terrorism. The MENA region is currently subject to a number of armed conflicts including those in Yemen, Syria, Sudan, Iraq, Palestine and Lebanon as well as the multinational conflict with the Islamic State, the conflict between Israel and Hamas and the conflict between Israel and Iran. In Libya, FAB has a 50:50 investment in First Gulf Libyan Bank, with the Economic and Social Development Fund of Libya.
The current events in Israel and Gaza that commenced in October 2023 and the ongoing attacks on shipping in the Gulf region and the military response to those attacks, as well as the events between Israel and Iran and Lebanon, could increase the risk of destabilisation of the broader region and the situation remains highly volatile and uncertain. These recent and ongoing developments may contribute to instability in the region.
These situations have caused significant disruption to the economies of affected countries and have had a destabilising effect on international oil and gas prices. Though the effects of the uncertainty have been varied, it is not possible to predict the occurrence of events or circumstances such as war or hostilities, or the impact of such occurrences, and no assurance can be given that the UAE would be able to sustain its current economic growth levels if adverse political events or circumstances were to occur. Continued instability affecting the countries in the MENA region could adversely impact the UAE, although to date there has been no significant impact on the UAE.
Any of the foregoing circumstances could have a material adverse effect on the political and economic stability of the Middle East and, in particular, could impact the numbers of tourists that choose to visit the UAE and the number of businesses interested in doing business in the UAE and, consequently, could have an adverse effect on the Group's business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects, and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
As at the date of this Base Prospectus, FAB's principal shareholder is the Government, which indirectly holds approximately 37.9 per cent. of the issued and outstanding shares of FAB through the whollyowned Mubadala Investment Company ("MIC").1
The Government was instrumental in the founding of NBAD and in supporting the Merger, with each of NBAD and FGB maintaining very strong working relationships with the Government and Government-related entities. For example, during the period between 2008 and 2009, the Government (through its purchase of Tier 1 notes issued by each of NBAD and FGB) provided a total of AED 4.0 billion in Tier 1 capital to each of NBAD and FGB. Despite the Government's and the UAE federal government's past investments in and deposits with the Group and its predecessor entities and funding support, neither the Government nor the UAE federal government are under any obligation to continue to invest in, make deposits with, do business with or otherwise support the Group. The Government and the UAE federal government may, whether directly or through government-owned entities, at any time and for any reason, dispose of its investments in, withdraw its deposits from, cease to do business with or otherwise cease to support the Group. The reduction or elimination of government support could have a material adverse effect on the Group's business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
By virtue of the Government's ownership interest in FAB's share capital, the Government has the ability to block actions or resolutions proposed at FAB's annual or extraordinary general meetings. Accordingly, the Government could prevent FAB from pursuing transactions, making dividend payments or other distributions or payments to shareholders or undertaking other actions, which may be contrary to the commercial interests of FAB. Such actions could have a material adverse effect on
1 With effect from September 2021, MIC holds FAB's shares through One Hundred and Fifteenth Investment Company – Sole Proprietorship L.L.C. (which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of MIC). Prior to September 2021, MIC held FAB's shares through ADIC PJSC and Mamoura Diversified Global Holding PJSC (formerly known as Mubadala Development Company PJSC) (each of which was a wholly-owned subsidiary of MIC).
the Group's business, results or operations, financial condition and prospects and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
The Group faces competition within the UAE for all of its products and services. The Group competes primarily with a large number of other domestic banks in the UAE, some of which are also owned, directly or indirectly, by the governments of the relevant Emirates, government-related entities or members of the ruling families of the relevant Emirates. As at 31 March 2025, there were a total of 61 commercial banks registered in the UAE (source: UAE Central Bank, Monthly Statistical Bulletin – Banking & Monetary Statistics – February 2025). The Group's main domestic competitors in terms of size of banking franchise and product and customer segments are Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank PJSC, Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank PJSC, Dubai Islamic Bank PJSC, Emirates NBD Bank PJSC, HSBC Bank plc, Mashreqbank psc and Standard Chartered Bank. In the UAE market, as at 31 March 2025, and according to the Interim Financial Information and FAB's evaluation of the publicly available financial statements of the Group's main domestic competitors as at 31 March 2025, the Group was the largest bank in the UAE by total assets. There can be no assurance that FAB will be able to maintain its current market share in the future.
In addition to the local commercial banks in the UAE, the Group competes with a number of international banks in investment advisory, investment banking, corporate advisory, finance and other services. In the large corporate and government client segments, the Group faces competition from international banks and such competition is expected to increase in the UAE over time. Although the Group seeks to cooperate with some of the top-tier international banks, especially in securities underwriting and distribution, it will also compete with them in other areas, particularly in corporate advisory and treasury operations in which these banks have a long history of successful operations in other regions.
Further, the UAE could be viewed as an over-banked market, even by regional standards, with 61 different commercial banks (comprising 23 locally incorporated commercial banks and 38 foreign commercial banks) licensed to operate inside the UAE as at 31 March 2025 (excluding the DIFC) (source: UAE Central Bank, Monthly Statistical Bulletin – Banking & Monetary Statistics – February 2025), serving a population estimated by the World Bank to be 12.5 million in 2024. There has traditionally been little impetus for consolidation. However, the Merger has stimulated further movement towards greater consolidation amongst UAE banks. This has already been observed in the three-way merger between Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank PJSC, Al Hilal Bank P.J.S.C. and Union National Bank P.J.S.C. which was completed on 1 May 2019. In addition, in January 2020, Dubai Islamic Bank PJSC completed the acquisition of Noor Bank PJSC. While such continued consolidation would increase the level of concentration in the domestic banking sector, it would also likely lead to a significant alteration of the competitive environment with fewer, larger locally incorporated banks competing for the larger financing transactions in the region with the foreign banks, which have tended to have comparatively larger franchises, with greater infrastructure and resources with which to absorb capital costs, such as information technology ("IT") system development. See further "The United Arab Emirates Banking Sector and Regulations – Characteristics of the Banking System – Historic lack of consolidation".
If the Group is unable to compete successfully, it could adversely impact the Group's business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
FAB has a long-term foreign currency issuer default rating of AA- with stable outlook from Fitch, a long-term bank deposits rating of Aa3 with stable outlook from Moody's and an issuer credit rating of AA- with stable outlook from S&P. These ratings, which are intended to measure FAB's ability to meet its debt obligations as they mature, are an important factor in determining the Group's cost of borrowing funds.
There is no assurance that the ratings will remain in effect for any given period of time or that the ratings will not be lowered or withdrawn entirely if circumstances in the future so warrant. A downgrade of FAB's credit ratings, or a negative change in their outlook, may:
each of which could adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, actual or anticipated changes in FAB's credit rating may affect the market value of any Notes.
A rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities and may be subject to revision, suspension or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating organisation. Ratings may not reflect the potential impact of all risks related to structure, market, the risk factors discussed in this section and others that may affect the value of any Notes.
The Group maintains its accounts, and reports its results, in UAE dirham. The UAE dirham has been pegged to the U.S. dollar since 22 November 1980 and remains pegged as at the date of this Base Prospectus. Additionally, the following oil producing GCC countries have their currencies pegged to the U.S. dollar as at the date of this Base Prospectus: the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Oman; Bahrain; and Qatar. In response to the volatility of oil prices internationally through 2015, oil producing countries with currencies that had been traditionally pegged to the U.S. dollar faced pressure to de-peg and, in certain cases, did de-peg their currencies. For example, Kazakhstan de-pegged the Kazakhstani tenge from the U.S. dollar on 20 August 2015, which was followed on 21 December 2015 by the removal of the U.S. dollar peg against the Azerbaijani manat.
There is a risk that additional countries may choose to unwind their existing currency pegs to the U.S. dollar, both in the GCC and the wider region. While the long-term impacts of such actions are uncertain, it is likely that any such de-pegged currency would face a de-valuation against the U.S. dollar immediately post-removal of the peg. Given the levels of exposure amongst regional financial institutions to other pegged currencies, it is also likely that such currency de-valuation(s) would pose a systemic risk to the regional banking systems in the UAE and across the wider GCC, thereby impacting the open cross-currency positions held by regional banks, including FAB.
While the UAE Central Bank has re-iterated its intention to retain the UAE dirham peg against the U.S. dollar, there can be no assurance that the UAE dirham will not be de-pegged in the future or that the existing peg will not be adjusted in a manner that adversely affects the Group's result of operations and financial condition. Additionally, any such de-pegging either in the UAE or across the wider region, particularly if such de-pegging is accompanied by the anticipated currency de-valuations against the
U.S. dollar (as described above), could have an adverse effect on the Group's business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects, and thereby affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
Investors should be aware that with effect from 1 January 2018, certain GCC states (including the UAE and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) have implemented a VAT regime at a rate of 5 per cent. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia increased the rate to 15 per cent. effective from 1 July 2020. Bahrain joined the GCC VAT regime on 1 January 2019 and Oman implemented VAT on 16 April 2021. Qatar is expected to introduce VAT in the near future though Kuwait has announced that VAT is unlikely to be introduced before 2028. On 11 May 2020, the UAE Ministry of Finance stated that there were no immediate plans to increase the rate of VAT in the UAE.
On 31 January 2022, the UAE Ministry of Finance announced the introduction of the CIT on business profits, which came into effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 1 June 2023. Thus, the first accounting period that the CIT is applicable to FAB commenced on 1 January 2024. This is reflected in the Interim Financial Statements. The CIT applies on the taxable net profits of a business. It does not apply to taxable profits up to AED 375,000 and applies at a standard statutory tax rate of nine per cent. on taxable profits in excess thereof.
In December 2024, the UAE announced its implementation of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's Pillar 2 model rules (the Global Anti-Base Erosion Proposal, or "GloBE") in the form of a domestic minimum top-up tax of 15 per cent., effective from 1 January 2025, for multinational enterprises meeting the criteria of the rules. The GloBE rules seek to ensure that multinational enterprises pay a minimum tax of 15 per cent. in respect of the excess profits derived from every jurisdiction in which they operate. The Group is within the rules' scope and is therefore required to calculate its GloBE effective tax rate for each jurisdiction in which it operates. As a result of these rules, the Group would be liable for a top-up tax in respect of low-taxed jurisdictions (i.e., jurisdictions with an effective tax rate below 15 per cent.), with such top-up tax (to bring the effective rate up to 15 per cent.) payable to the Federal Tax Authority of the UAE. Accordingly, the Group has indicated and calculated the Minimum Top-Up tax in its Interim Financial Information.
The implementation of new tax regimes or amendments to existing tax regimes in the GCC may have a material adverse effect on the Group's business, results of operations and financial condition, which in turn could affect FAB's ability to perform its obligations in respect of the Notes.
A wide range of Notes may be issued under the Programme. A number of these Notes may have features which contain particular risks for prospective investors. Set out below is a description of the most common such features:
The use of proceeds of the Notes of any Tranche identified as Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes in the relevant Final Terms may not meet investor expectations or requirements or otherwise may not be suitable for an investor's investment criteria
The Bank has stated that it intends to use the net proceeds from the issue of the Notes of each Tranche identified as Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes in the relevant Final Terms to fund or refinance, in whole or in part, Eligible Projects set out in the Sustainable Finance Framework. See "Description of the Group – Group ESG Policy – Sustainable Finance Framework".
The Bank will exercise its judgement and sole discretion in determining the businesses and projects that will be funded or refinanced from the proceeds of Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes. If the use of the proceeds of Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes is a factor in any prospective investor's decision to invest in any Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes, that investor should carefully consider the disclosure in "Use of Proceeds" and "Description of the Group – Group ESG Policy – Sustainable Finance Framework", consult with its legal or other advisers and make any other investigation such investor deems necessary before making an investment in Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes. In particular, no assurance is given by the Bank, the Arrangers, the Dealers, the Agents or any other person that the use of the proceeds of Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes for any Eligible Projects will satisfy, whether in whole or in part, any present or future investor expectations or requirements as regards any investment criteria or guidelines with which such investor or its investments are required to comply. In addition, the Sustainable Finance Framework is subject to change at any time without notice.
Furthermore, notwithstanding the Bank's intention stated above, prospective investors should be aware that any failure by the Bank to use the proceeds of Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes as stated or to provide the relevant reports will not constitute an event of default under Condition 14 (Events of Default) with respect to any Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes but may affect the value and/or the trading price of such Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance and/or have adverse consequences for certain investors with portfolio mandates to invest in green, environmental, sustainable, social or transition finance assets.
Furthermore, it should be noted that there is currently no clearly defined definition (legal, regulatory or otherwise) of, nor market consensus as to what constitutes, a "green", "environmental", "sustainable", "social", "transition finance" or an equivalently labelled project or as to what precise attributes are required for a particular project to be defined as "green", "environmental", "sustainable", "social", "transition finance" or such other equivalent label and no assurance can be given that such a clear definition or consensus will develop over time or that any prevailing market consensus will not change significantly.
Moreover, prospective investors should be aware that the Transition Finance Notes do not fall within the scope of the ICMA Principles and that, as at the date of this Base Prospectus, the International Capital Market Association ("ICMA") has not published a standalone set of principles (equivalent to the ICMA Principles) that would apply to an issuance of such Transition Finance Notes other than certain guidance pursuant to the Climate Transition Finance Handbook (the "CTFH"). Accordingly, in the absence of any such comprehensive assessment or criteria, ISS Corporate Solutions, who was appointed by the Bank to issue a second party opinion in respect of the Sustainable Finance Framework, stated in its second party opinion dated 23 November 2023 that it was not in a position to "thoroughly comment on the quality of Transition Finance transactions included in the overarching eligibility classification scheme".
None of the Bank, the Arrangers, the Dealers, any Agent or any other person makes any representation or gives any assurance as to the Sustainable Finance Framework's compliance or alignment with any of the ICMA Principles or the CTFH. Each of the ICMA Principles and the CTFH may be subject to change at any time without notice. Furthermore, none of the Sustainable Finance Framework, the ICMA Principles or the CTFH, or any associated reports, verification assessments or the contents of the same are incorporated in and/or form part of this Base Prospectus.
The EU Taxonomy Regulation, which is subject to a phased implementation, may provide some definition for "green", "environmental", "sustainable", "social", "transition finance" or other such topics in the European Union or the United Kingdom. However, the full scope and applicability of the EU Taxonomy Regulation, as well as exactly when it will take effect, remains uncertain. Accordingly, no assurance is or can be given (whether by the Bank, the Arrangers, the Dealers, the Agents or any other person) to investors that: (a) any projects or uses the subject of, or related to, any Eligible Projects will meet any or all investor expectations regarding such "green", "environmental", "sustainable", "social", "transition finance" or other equivalently labelled performance objectives; (b) any adverse environmental, social and/or other impacts will not occur during the implementation of any projects or uses the subject of, or related to, any Eligible Projects; or (c) the Sustainable Finance Framework will be aligned with the EU Taxonomy Regulation or any other present or future sustainability framework or guidelines.
No assurance or representation is given as to the suitability or reliability for any purpose whatsoever of any report, assessment, opinion or certification of any third party (whether or not solicited by the Bank) which may or may not be made available in connection with the issue of any Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes and in particular with any of the businesses and projects funded with the proceeds of such Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes to fulfil any green, environmental, sustainability, social, transition finance and/or other criteria. For the avoidance of doubt, any such report, assessment, opinion or certification is not, nor shall be deemed to be, incorporated in and/or form part of this Base Prospectus. Any such report, assessment, opinion or certification is not, nor should it be deemed to be, a recommendation by the Bank, the Arrangers, the Dealers, the Agents or any other person to buy, sell or hold Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes. Any such report, assessment, opinion or certification is only current as at the date that report, assessment, opinion or certification was initially issued. Prospective investors must determine for themselves the relevance of any such report, assessment, opinion or certification and/or the information contained therein and/or the provider of such report, assessment, opinion or certification for the purpose of any investment in Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes. The providers of such reports, assessments, opinions and certifications are not currently subject to any specific regulatory or other regime or oversight. Furthermore, any such report, assessment, opinion or certification of any third party (whether or not solicited by the Bank) may not reflect the potential impact of all the risks related to the structure or market, or the additional risk factors discussed herein or the other factors that may affect the value of the Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes or the projects financed thereby, in an amount corresponding to an amount at least equal to the net proceeds of the relevant issue of Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes.
If any Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes are at any time listed or admitted to trading on any dedicated "green", "environmental", "sustainable", "social", "transition finance" or other equivalently labelled segment of any stock exchange or securities market (whether or not regulated), no representation or assurance is given by the Bank, the Arrangers, the Dealers, the Agents or any other person that such listing or admission satisfies, whether in whole or in part, any present or future investor expectations or requirements as regards any investment criteria or guidelines with which such investor or its investments are required to comply, whether by any present or future applicable law or regulations or by its own bylaws or other governing rules or investment portfolio mandates, in particular with regard to any direct or indirect environmental, sustainability or social impact of any projects or uses, the subject of or related to, any of the businesses and projects funded with the proceeds from any Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes. Furthermore, it should be noted that the criteria for any such listings or admission to trading may vary from one stock exchange or securities market to another. Nor is any representation or assurance given or made by the Bank, the Arrangers, the Dealers, the Agents or any other person that any such listing or admission to trading will be obtained in respect of any Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes or, if obtained, that any such listing or admission to trading will be maintained during the life of the Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes concerned.
Whilst it is the Bank's intention to apply the proceeds of any Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes in the manner described in "Description of the Group – Group ESG Policy – Sustainable Finance Framework" and to obtain and publish the relevant reports, assessments, opinions and certifications in, or substantially in, the manner described in "Description of the Group – Group ESG Policy – Sustainable Finance Framework" and "Use of Proceeds", there can be no assurance (whether by the Bank, the Arrangers, the Dealers, any Agent or any other person) that the Bank will be able to do this. Nor can there be any assurance that any Eligible Projects will be completed within any specified period or at all or with the results or outcome (whether or not related to the environment) as originally expected or anticipated by the Bank.
Any such event as described in the last sentence of the preceding paragraph or failure by the Bank to apply the proceeds of any Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes for any Eligible Projects or to obtain and publish any such reports, assessments, opinions and certifications, will not give rise to any claim in contract of a holder of Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes against the Bank, the Arrangers, the Dealers, any Agent or any other person and, as mentioned above, will not constitute a dissolution event under Condition 14 (Events of Default) with respect to any Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes. The withdrawal of any such report, assessment, opinion or certification, or any report, assessment, opinion or certification attesting that the Bank is not complying in whole or in part with any matters for which that report, assessment, opinion or certification is reporting, assessing, opining or certifying, and/or Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes no longer being listed or admitted to trading on any stock exchange or securities market, as aforesaid, may have a material adverse effect on the value of any Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes concerned and/or result in adverse consequences for certain investors with portfolio mandates to invest in securities to be used for a particular purpose.
An Eligible Project may no longer satisfy the eligibility criteria set out in the Sustainable Finance Framework during the life of the project, due to changes of the Sustainable Finance Framework and/or circumstances of the project and/or any other reasons. The reallocation of such proceeds to new Eligible Project may not be possible or may be delayed. No representation or assurance is given or made by the Bank, the Arrangers, the Dealers, any Agent or any other person that the amount used for financing or refinancing of Eligible Projects will always satisfy the eligibility criteria.
The Bank may issue Notes which entitle the Bank to redeem such Notes prior to their maturity date at its option and at a price which may be less than the current market price of those Notes. An optional redemption feature of the Notes is likely to limit their market value. During any period when the Bank may elect to redeem the Notes, the market value of those Notes generally will not rise substantially above the price at which they can be redeemed. This may also be true prior to any redemption period.
The Bank may be expected to redeem the Notes when its cost of borrowing is lower than the interest rate on the Notes. At those times, an investor generally would not be able to reinvest the redemption proceeds at an effective interest rate as high as the interest rate on the Notes being redeemed and may only be able to do so at a significantly lower rate. Prospective investors should consider reinvestment risk in light of other investments that may be available at that time.
The Bank may elect to redeem the Notes prior to their maturity date in the event that the Bank would be obliged by the Conditions to pay additional amounts in respect of the Notes to cover any withholding or deduction required by applicable law. No assurance can be given that the UAE government will not implement new regulations or new legal interpretations of existing regulations relating to or affecting taxation which could result in the imposition of such a withholding or deduction.
Inverse Floating Rate Notes have an interest rate equal to a fixed rate minus a rate based upon a reference rate such as the euro interbank offered rate ("EURIBOR"). The market values of those Notes typically are more volatile than market values of other conventional floating rate debt securities based on the same reference rate (and with otherwise comparable terms). Inverse Floating Rate Notes are more volatile because an increase in the reference rate not only decreases the interest rate of the Notes, but may also reflect an increase in prevailing interest rates, which further adversely affects the market value of these Notes.
Fixed/floating rate notes (respectively, "Fixed Rate Notes" and "Floating Rate Notes") may bear interest at a rate that converts from a fixed rate to a floating rate, or from a floating rate to a fixed rate. Such a feature to convert the interest basis, and any conversion of the interest basis, may affect the secondary market and the market value of such Notes as the change of interest basis may result in a lower interest return for Noteholders. Where the Notes convert from a fixed rate to a floating rate, the spread on the Fixed/Floating Rate Notes may be less favourable than the then prevailing spreads on comparable Floating Rate Notes tied to the same reference rate. In addition, the new floating rate at any time may be lower than the rates on other Notes. Where the Notes convert from a floating rate to a fixed rate, the fixed rate may be lower than the then prevailing rates on those Notes and could affect the market value of an investment in the relevant Notes.
Interest rates and indices which are deemed to be "benchmarks", (including EURIBOR) are the subject of national and international regulatory guidance and reform aimed at supporting the transition to robust benchmarks. Most reforms have now reached their planned conclusion (including the transition away from LIBOR), and "benchmarks" remain subject to ongoing monitoring. These reforms may cause such benchmarks to perform differently than in the past, to disappear entirely, or have other consequences which cannot be predicted. Any such consequence could have a material adverse effect on any Notes referencing such a benchmark.
Regulation (EU) 2016/1011 (the "EU Benchmarks Regulation") applies, subject to certain transitional provisions, to the provision of benchmarks, the contribution of input data to a benchmark and the use of a benchmark within the EU. Among other things, it (i) requires benchmark administrators to be authorised or registered (or, if non-EU-based, to be subject to an equivalent regime or otherwise recognised or endorsed) and (ii) prevents certain uses by EU supervised entities of benchmarks of administrators that are not authorised or registered (or, if non-EU based, not deemed equivalent or recognised or endorsed). The UK Benchmarks Regulation, among other things, applies to the provision of benchmarks and the use of a benchmark in the United Kingdom. Similarly, it prohibits the use in the United Kingdom by United Kingdom supervised entities of benchmarks of administrators that are not authorised by the FCA or registered on the FCA register (or, if non-United Kingdom based, not deemed equivalent or recognised or endorsed).
The EU Benchmarks Regulation and/or the UK Benchmarks Regulation, as applicable, could have a material impact on any Notes linked to or referencing a benchmark, in particular, if the methodology or other terms of the benchmark are changed in order to comply with the requirements of the EU Benchmarks Regulation and/or the UK Benchmarks Regulation, as applicable. Such changes could, among other things, have the effect of reducing, increasing or otherwise affecting the volatility of the published rate or level of the relevant benchmark.
More broadly, any of the international or national reforms, or the general increased regulatory scrutiny of benchmarks, could increase the costs and risks of administering or otherwise participating in the setting of a benchmark and complying with any such regulations or requirements.
Such factors may have (without limitation) the following effects on certain benchmarks: (i) discouraging market participants from continuing to administer or contribute to a benchmark; (ii) triggering changes in the rules or methodologies used in the benchmark; and/or (iii) leading to the disappearance of the benchmark. Any of the above changes or any other consequential changes as a result of international or national reforms or other initiatives or investigations, could have a material adverse effect on the value of and return on any Notes linked to, referencing, or otherwise dependent (in whole or in part) upon, a benchmark.
On 29 November 2017, the Bank of England and the FCA announced that, from January 2018, its Working Group on Sterling Risk Free Rates had been mandated with implementing a broad-based transition to the Sterling Overnight Index Average ("SONIA") across sterling bond, loan and derivative markets, so that SONIA is established as the primary sterling interest rate benchmark by the end of 2021.
On 21 September 2017, the European Central Bank announced that it would be part of a new working group tasked with the identification and adoption of a "risk free overnight rate" which can serve as a basis for an alternative to current benchmarks used in a variety of financial instruments and contracts in the euro area. On 13 September 2018, the working group on Euro risk free rates recommended the new Euro short-term rate ("€STR") as the new risk free rate for the euro area. The €STR was published for the first time on 2 October 2019. Although EURIBOR has been reformed in order to comply with the terms of the EU Benchmarks Regulation, it remains uncertain as to how long it will continue in its current form, or whether it will be further reformed or replaced with €STR or an alternative benchmark.
The Conditions provide that, where the relevant Final Terms specifies that Condition 8(f)(1) (Independent Adviser) is applicable, there are certain fallback arrangements in the event that a Benchmark Event (as defined in the Conditions) occurs, including if an original Reference Rate (as defined in the Conditions) and/or any page on which an original Reference Rate may be published (or any other successor service) becomes unavailable, or a Benchmark Event otherwise occurs.
Such fallback arrangements include the possibility that the Rate of Interest (or the relevant component part thereof) could be set by reference to a Successor Rate or an Alternative Reference Rate (each as defined in the Conditions), with or without the application of an Adjustment Spread (as defined in the Conditions) and may include amendments to the Conditions to ensure the proper operation of the successor or replacement benchmark, all as determined by an Independent Adviser (as defined in the Conditions), acting in good faith and following consultation with the Bank, or the Bank (acting in good faith and in a commercially reasonable manner), as applicable, and without the requirement for the consent or sanction of Noteholders. An Adjustment Spread, if applied, is (i) a spread (which may be positive, negative or zero), or a formula or methodology for calculating a spread, in each case to be applied to the Successor Rate or the Alternative Reference Rate (as the case may be), and is the spread, formula or methodology which: (i) in the case of a Successor Rate, is formally recommended, or formally provided as an option for parties to adopt, in relation to the replacement of the Reference Rate with the Successor Rate by any Relevant Nominating Body (as defined in the Conditions); or (ii) (if no such recommendation has been made, or in the case of an Alternative Reference Rate) the Independent Adviser (following consultation with the Bank) determines is customarily applied to the relevant Successor Rate or the Alternative Reference Rate (as the case may be) in international debt capital markets transactions to produce an industry-accepted replacement rate for the original Reference Rate; or (iii) (if the Independent Adviser (following consultation with the Bank) determines that no such spread, formula or methodology is customarily applied) the Independent Adviser (following consultation with the Bank) determines and which is recognised or acknowledged as being the industry standard for over-the-counter derivative transactions which reference the original Reference Rate, where such rate has been replaced by the Successor Rate or the Alternative Reference Rate, as the case may be; or (iv) (if the Independent Adviser (following consultation with the Bank) determines that there is no such industry standard) the Independent Adviser (following consultation with the Bank) or the Bank (as applicable) determines (acting in good faith and in a commercially reasonable manner) in their sole discretion to be appropriate. Accordingly, the application of an Adjustment Spread may result in the Notes performing differently (which may include payment of a lower Rate of Interest) than they would do if the original Reference Rate were to continue to apply in its current form. If no Adjustment Spread can be determined, a Successor Rate or Alternative Reference Rate may nonetheless be used to determine the Rate of Interest (or the relevant component part thereof). The use of a Successor Rate or Alternative Reference Rate (including with or without the application of an Adjustment Spread) may still result in any Notes linked to or referencing an original Reference Rate performing differently (which may include payment of a lower Rate of Interest) than they would if the original Reference Rate were to continue to apply in its current form.
If, following the occurrence of a Benchmark Event, no Successor Rate or Alternative Reference Rate is determined, the ultimate fallback for the purposes of the calculation of the Rate of Interest (or the relevant component part thereof) for the relevant immediately following Interest Period may result in the Rate of Interest (or the relevant component part thereof) for the last preceding Interest Period being used. This may result in the effective application of a fixed rate for Floating Rate Notes based on the rate which was last observed on the Relevant Screen Page. Due to the uncertainty concerning the availability of Successor Rates and Alternative Reference Rates, the involvement of an Independent Adviser and the potential for further regulatory developments there is a risk that the relevant fallback provisions may not operate as intended at the relevant time.
Where the relevant Final Terms specifies that Condition 8(f)(2) (ARRC) is applicable, if the Bank determines that a Benchmark Transition Event and its related Benchmark Replacement Date (each as defined in the Conditions) has occurred, the then-current Benchmark will be replaced by a Benchmark Replacement (determined by the Bank in accordance with the Conditions) for all purposes relating to the relevant Notes in respect of all determinations on such date and for all determinations on all subsequent dates. The Bank will have to exercise its discretion to determine (or to elect not to determine) a Benchmark Replacement and, if applicable, a Benchmark Replacement Adjustment, in a situation in which it is presented with a conflict of interest.
Investors should consult their own independent advisers and make their own assessment about the potential risks imposed by the EU Benchmarks Regulation and/or the UK Benchmarks Regulation, as applicable, or any of the international or national reforms and the possible application of the benchmark replacement provisions of Notes in making any investment decision with respect to any Notes linked to or referencing a benchmark.
Investors should be aware that the market continues to develop in relation to risk free rates, such as SONIA, the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") and €STR, as reference rates in the capital markets for sterling, U.S. dollar or euro bonds, as applicable, and their adoption as alternatives to the relevant interbank offered rates. In addition, market participants and relevant working groups are exploring alternative reference rates based on risk free rates, including term SOFR, SONIA and €STR reference rates (which seek to measure the market's forward expectation of an average SOFR, SONIA or €STR over a designated term). The continued development of risk free reference rates for the Eurobond markets, as well as the continued development of SOFR, SONIA and €STR based rates and the market infrastructure for adopting such rates, could result in reduced liquidity or increased volatility or could otherwise affect the market price of the Notes.
The substance of the calculation of, and the adoption of market infrastructure for the issuing and trading of Eurobonds referencing, SOFR, SONIA and €STR continues to develop. In particular, investors should be aware that several different SOFR methodologies have been used in notes referencing SOFR issued to date and no assurance can be given that any particular methodology, including the compounding formula in the Conditions, will gain widespread market acceptance.
The market or a significant part thereof may adopt an application of risk free rates that differs significantly from that set out in the Conditions and used in relation to Floating Rate Notes that reference a risk free rate issued under this Base Prospectus. The development of risk free rates for the Eurobond markets could result in reduced liquidity or increased volatility or could otherwise affect the market price of any Notes that reference a risk free rate issued under the Programme from time to time. In addition, the manner of adoption or application of risk free rates in the Eurobond markets may differ materially compared with the application and adoption of risk free rates in other markets, such as the derivatives and loan markets. Investors should carefully consider how any mismatch between the adoption of such reference rates in the bond, loan and derivatives markets may impact any hedging or other financial arrangements which they may put in place in connection with any acquisition, holding or disposal of Notes referencing such risk free rates.
Investors should consider these matters when making their investment decision with respect to any such Floating Rate Notes.
Risk free rates may differ from interbank offered rates in a number of material respects, including (without limitation) by, in most cases, being backwards looking, calculated on a compounded or weighted average basis and risk free overnight rates, whereas such interbank offered rates are generally expressed on the basis of a forward looking term and include a risk element based on interbank lending. As such, investors should be aware that interbank offered rates and any risk free rates may behave materially differently as interest reference rates for the Notes.
Interest on Notes which reference a backwards looking risk free rate is only capable of being determined immediately prior to or on the relevant Interest Payment Date. It may be difficult for investors in Notes which reference such risk free rates to reliably estimate the amount of interest which will be payable on such Notes and some investors may be unable or unwilling to trade such Notes without changes to their IT systems, both of which could adversely impact the liquidity of such Notes. Further, in contrast to Notes referencing interbank offered rates, if the Notes become due and payable under Condition 14 (Events of Default), the Rate of Interest payable shall be determined on the date the Notes became due and payable and shall not be reset thereafter. Investors should carefully consider how any mismatch between the adoption of such reference rates in the bond, loan and derivatives markets may impact any hedging or other financial arrangements which they may put in place in connection with any acquisition, holding or disposal of any Notes.
The use of risk free rates as a reference rate for Eurobonds is nascent, and may be subject to change and development, both in terms of the substance of the calculation and in the development and adoption of market infrastructure for the issuance and trading of bonds referencing such risk free rates.
Notes referencing risk free rates may have no established trading market when issued, and an established trading market may never develop or may not be very liquid. Market terms for debt securities referencing such risk free rates, such as the spread over the index reflected in interest rate provisions, may evolve over time, and trading prices of such Notes may be lower than those of subsequently issued indexed debt securities as a result. Further, if the relevant risk free rates do not prove to be widely used in securities like the Notes, the trading price of such Notes linked to such risk free rates may be lower than those of Notes referencing indices that are more widely used. Investors in such Notes may not be able to sell such Notes at all or may not be able to sell such Notes at prices that will provide them with a yield comparable to similar investments that have a developed secondary market, and may consequently suffer from increased pricing volatility and market risk.
Investors should consider these matters when making their investment decision with respect to any Floating Rate Notes.
The Bank of England, the Federal Reserve, the Bank of New York or the European Central Bank (or their respective successors), as administrators of SOFR, SONIA and €STR, respectively, may make methodological or other changes that could change the value of SOFR, SONIA or €STR and/or a related index, including changes related to the method by which each of SOFR, SONIA or €STR is calculated, eligibility criteria applicable to the transactions used to calculate SOFR, SONIA or €STR, or timing related to the publication of SOFR, SONIA or €STR and/or a related index. In addition, the administrator may alter, discontinue or suspend calculation or dissemination of SOFR, SONIA or €STR (in which case a fallback method of determining the interest rate on the Notes will apply). The administrator has no obligation to consider the interests of Noteholders when calculating, adjusting, converting, revising or discontinuing SOFR, SONIA or €STR and/or a related index. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on the value or liquidity of, and return on, any Notes which reference SOFR, SONIA or €STR and/or a related index.
The market values of securities issued at a substantial discount or premium from their principal amount tend to fluctuate more in relation to general changes in interest rates than do prices for conventional interest-bearing securities. Generally, the longer the remaining term of the securities, the greater the price volatility as compared to conventional interest-bearing securities with comparable maturities.
The Bank's obligations under Subordinated Notes (as defined in the Conditions) issued by it will be unsecured and subordinated and, upon the occurrence of any winding up proceedings with respect to the Bank, will rank junior in priority of payment of obligations owed to Senior Creditors of the Bank. "Senior Creditors" means all creditors of the Bank (including depositors) other than creditors in respect of indebtedness where, by the terms of such indebtedness, the claims of the holders of that indebtedness rank or are expressed to rank pari passu with, or junior to, the claims of the holders of the Subordinated Notes. In addition, Condition 5(b) (Status – Status of the Subordinated Notes) requires each holder of Subordinated Notes unconditionally and irrevocably to waive any right of set-off, counterclaim, abatement or other similar remedy which it might otherwise have, under the laws of any jurisdiction, in respect of its Subordinated Notes.
Notes denominated in Renminbi ("RMB Notes") may be issued under the Programme. RMB Notes contain particular risks for prospective investors, including:
Renminbi is not completely freely convertible at present. The government of the PRC (the "PRC Government") continues to regulate conversion between Renminbi and foreign currencies.
However, there has been significant reduction in control by the PRC Government in recent years, particularly over trade transactions involving import and export of goods and services as well as other frequent routine foreign exchange transactions. These transactions are known as current account items.
Although, starting from 1 October 2016, Renminbi was added to the Special Drawing Rights basket created by the International Monetary Fund and policies for further improving accessibility to Renminbi to settle cross-border transactions in foreign currencies were issued, there is no assurance that the PRC Government will continue to gradually liberalise control over cross-border remittance of Renminbi in the future, that the schemes for Renminbi cross-border utilisation will not be discontinued or that new regulations in the PRC will not be promulgated in the future which have the effect of restricting or eliminating the remittance of Renminbi into or out of the PRC. Further, if any new PRC regulations are promulgated in the future which have the effect of permitting or restricting (as the case may be) the remittance of Renminbi for payment of transactions categorised as capital account items, then such remittances will need to be made subject to the specific requirements or restrictions set out in such rules. In the event that funds cannot be repatriated out of the PRC in Renminbi, this may affect the overall availability of Renminbi outside the PRC and the ability of the Bank to source Renminbi to finance its obligations under RMB Notes.
As a result of the restrictions imposed by the PRC Government on cross-border Renminbi fund flows, the availability of Renminbi outside the PRC is limited.
While the Peopleꞌs Bank of China (the "PBoC") has entered into agreements (the "Settlement Arrangements") on the clearing of Renminbi business with financial institutions (the "Renminbi Clearing Banks") in a number of financial centres and cities, including, but not limited to, Hong Kong, has established the Cross-Border Inter-Bank Payments System to facilitate cross-border Renminbi settlement and is further in the process of establishing Renminbi clearing and settlement mechanisms in several other jurisdictions, the current size of Renminbi denominated financial assets outside the PRC is limited.
There are restrictions imposed by the PBoC on Renminbi business participating banks in respect of cross-border Renminbi settlement, such as those relating to direct transactions with PRC enterprises. Furthermore, Renminbi business participating banks do not have direct Renminbi liquidity support from the PBoC. The Renminbi Clearing Banks only have limited access to onshore liquidity support from the PBoC for the purpose of squaring open positions of participating banks for limited types of transactions, including open positions resulting from conversion services for corporations relating to cross-border trade settlement, and are not obliged to square for participating banks any open positions resulting from other foreign exchange transactions or conversion services. In each case the participating banks will need to source Renminbi from outside the PRC to square such open positions.
The offshore Renminbi market is subject to many constraints as a result of PRC laws and regulations on foreign exchange. There is no assurance that new PRC regulations will not be promulgated or the Settlement Arrangements will not be terminated or amended in the future so as to have the effect of restricting the availability of Renminbi outside the PRC. The limited availability of Renminbi outside the PRC may affect the liquidity of the RMB Notes. To the extent the Bank is required to source Renminbi in the offshore market to service the RMB Notes, there is no assurance that the Bank will be able to source such Renminbi on satisfactory terms, if at all.
The value of Renminbi against other foreign currencies fluctuates from time to time and is affected by changes in the PRC and international political and economic conditions as well as many other factors. In August 2015, the PBoC implemented changes to the way it calculates the Renminbi's daily mid-point against the U.S. dollar to take into account market-maker quotes before announcing such daily midpoint. This change, and others that may be implemented, may increase the volatility in the value of the Renminbi against foreign currencies. All payments of interest and principal will be made in Renminbi with respect to the RMB Notes unless otherwise specified. As a result, the value of these Renminbi payments may vary with the changes in the prevailing exchange rates in the marketplace. If the value of Renminbi depreciates against another foreign currency, the value of the investment made by a holder of the RMB Notes in that foreign currency will decline.
If the Bank is not able, or it is impracticable for it, to satisfy its obligation to pay interest and principal on the RMB Notes as a result of an RMB Currency Event (as defined in the Conditions), the Bank shall be entitled, on giving notice as soon as practicable to the investors in accordance with the Conditions stating the occurrence of the RMB Currency Event, giving details thereof and the action proposed in relation thereto, to settle any such payment in the Relevant Currency (as specified in the relevant Final Terms) converted using the Spot Rate for the relevant Rate Calculation Date (as defined in the Conditions) of any such interest or principal, as the case may be.
The PRC Government has gradually liberalised its regulation of interest rates in recent years. Further liberalisation may increase interest rate volatility. In addition, the interest rate for Renminbi in markets outside the PRC may significantly deviate from the interest rate for Renminbi in the PRC as a result of foreign exchange controls imposed by PRC law and regulations and prevailing market conditions.
As the RMB Notes may carry a fixed interest rate, the trading price of the RMB Notes will consequently vary with the fluctuations in the Renminbi interest rates. If a holder of RMB Notes tries to sell such RMB Notes before their maturity, they may receive an offer that is less than the amount invested.
Except in the limited circumstances stipulated in Conditions 11(k) and 12(d), all payments to investors in respect of the RMB Notes will be made solely: (i) for so long as the RMB Notes are represented by global certificates held with the common depositary, for Clearstream Banking S.A. ("Clearstream, Luxembourg") and Euroclear Bank SA/NV ("Euroclear") or any alternative clearing system, by transfer to a Renminbi bank account maintained in Hong Kong or in the RMB Settlement Centre(s), if so specified in the relevant Final Terms; (ii) for so long as the RMB Notes are represented by global certificates, by transfer to a Renminbi bank account maintained in Hong Kong in accordance with prevailing rules and procedures; or (iii) for so long as the RMB Notes are in definitive form, by transfer to a Renminbi bank account maintained in Hong Kong or in the RMB Settlement Centre(s), if so specified in the relevant Final Terms, in accordance with prevailing rules and regulations. Other than as described in the Conditions, the Bank cannot be required to make payment by any other means (including in any other currency or by transfer to a bank account in the PRC).
Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, the PRC Individual Income Tax Law and the relevant implementing rules, as amended from time to time, any gain realised on the transfer of RMB Notes by non-PRC resident enterprise or individual holders may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax ("EIT") or PRC individual income tax ("IIT") if such gain is regarded as income derived from sources within the PRC. The PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law levies EIT at the rate of 20 per cent. of the PRC-sourced gains derived by such non-PRC resident enterprise from the transfer of RMB Notes but its implementation rules have reduced the EIT rate to 10 per cent. The PRC Individual Income Tax Law levies IIT at a rate of 20 per cent. of the PRC-sourced gains derived by such non-PRC resident individual holder from the transfer of the RMB Notes.
However, uncertainty remains as to whether the gain realised from the transfer of RMB Notes by non-PRC resident enterprise or individual holders would be treated as income derived from sources within the PRC and thus become subject to EIT or IIT. This will depend on how the PRC tax authorities interpret, apply or enforce the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, the PRC Individual Income Tax Law and the relevant implementing rules. According to the arrangement between the PRC and Hong Kong, for avoidance of double taxation, holders who are residents of Hong Kong, including enterprise holders and individual holders, will not be subject to EIT or IIT on capital gains derived from a sale or exchange of the Notes.
Therefore, if enterprise or individual resident holders which are non-PRC residents are required to pay PRC income tax on gains derived from the transfer of RMB Notes, unless there is an applicable tax treaty between the PRC and the jurisdiction in which such non-PRC enterprise or individual resident holders of RMB Notes reside that reduces or exempts the relevant EIT or IIT, the value of their investment in RMB Notes may be materially and adversely affected.
In considering whether to invest in the RMB Notes, investors should consult their individual tax advisers with regard to the application of PRC tax laws to their particular situations as well as any tax consequences arising under the laws of any other tax jurisdictions. The value of the Noteholders' investment in the RMB Notes may be materially and adversely affected if the Noteholder is required to pay PRC tax with respect to acquiring, holding or disposing of and receiving payments under those RMB Notes.
Set out below is a brief description of certain risks relating to the Notes generally:
The Conditions of the Notes contain provisions for calling meetings (including by way of conference call or by use of a videoconference platform) of Noteholders to consider and vote upon matters affecting their interests generally or to pass resolutions in writing. These provisions permit defined majorities to bind all Noteholders including Noteholders who did not attend and vote at the relevant meeting or, as the case may be, did not sign the written resolution, and including those Noteholders who voted in a manner contrary to the majority.
The conditions of the Notes are based on English law in effect as at the date of this Base Prospectus. No assurance can be given as to the impact of any possible judicial decision or change to English law or administrative practice after the date of this Base Prospectus nor whether any such change could adversely affect the ability of the Bank to make payments under the Notes.
In relation to any issue of Notes which have denominations consisting of a minimum Specified Denomination plus one or more higher integral multiples of another smaller amount, it is possible that such Notes may be traded in amounts in excess of the minimum Specified Denomination that are not integral multiples of such minimum Specified Denomination.
In such a case a holder who, as a result of trading such amounts, holds a principal amount of less than the minimum Specified Denomination would need to purchase an additional principal amount of Notes such that it holds an amount equal to at least the minimum Specified Denomination to be able to trade such Notes. Noteholders should be aware that Notes which have a denomination that is not an integral multiple of the minimum Specified Denomination may be illiquid and difficult to trade.
If a Noteholder holds an amount which is less than the minimum Specified Denomination in their account with the relevant clearing system at the relevant time, such Noteholder may not receive a Definitive Note in respect of such holding (should Definitive Notes be printed) and would need to purchase a principal amount of Notes such that its holding amounts to at least a Specified Denomination in order to be eligible to receive a Definitive Note.
If Definitive Notes are issued, holders should be aware that Definitive Notes which have a denomination that is not an integral multiple of the minimum Specified Denomination may be illiquid and difficult to trade.
The Notes of each Tranche will be represented on issue by a Global Note that will be deposited with a common depositary for Euroclear and Clearstream, Luxembourg. Except in the circumstances described in the Global Note, investors will not be entitled to receive Notes in definitive form. Euroclear and Clearstream, Luxembourg and their respective direct and indirect participants will maintain records of the ownership interests in the Global Note. While the Notes of any Tranche are represented by the Global Note, investors will be able to trade their ownership interests only through Euroclear and Clearstream, Luxembourg and their respective participants.
While the Notes of any Tranche are represented by the Global Note, the Bank will discharge its payment obligation under the Notes by making payments through the relevant clearing systems. A holder of an ownership interest in a Global Note must rely on the procedures of the relevant clearing system and its participants to receive payments under the Notes. The Bank has no responsibility or liability for the records relating to, or payments made in respect of, ownership interests in a Global Note.
Holders of ownership interests in a Global Note will not have a direct right to vote in respect of the Notes so represented. Instead, such holders will be permitted to act only to the extent that they are enabled by the relevant clearing system and its participants to appoint appropriate proxies.
Potential conflicts of interest may exist between the Calculation Agent (if any) and Noteholders (including where a Dealer acts as a calculation agent), including with respect to certain determinations and judgements that such Calculation Agent may make pursuant to the Conditions that may influence amounts receivable by the Noteholders during the term of the Notes and upon their redemption.
The Bank may appoint a Dealer as Calculation Agent in respect of an issuance of Notes under the Programme. In such a case the Calculation Agent is likely to be a member of an international financial group that is involved, in the ordinary course of its business, in a wide range of banking activities out of which conflicting interests may arise. Whilst such a Calculation Agent will, where relevant, have information barriers and procedures in place to manage conflicts of interest, it may in its other banking activities from time to time be engaged in transactions involving an index or related derivatives which may affect amounts receivable by Noteholders during the term and on the maturity of the Notes or the market price, liquidity or value of the Notes and which could be deemed to be adverse to the interests of the Noteholders.
The Notes, the Agency Agreement, the Deed of Covenant and the Dealer Agreement (as defined in "Subscription and Sale") are governed by English law and the parties to such documents have agreed to refer any unresolved dispute in relation to such documents to arbitration under the Arbitration Rules of the London Court of International Arbitration in London, England (the "LCIA Rules") with its seat in London or, subject to the exercise of an option to litigate given to certain parties (other than the Bank), to the courts of England.
The payments under the Notes are dependent upon the Bank making payments to investors in the manner contemplated under the Notes. If the Bank fails to do so, it may be necessary for an investor to bring an action against the Bank to enforce its obligations and/or to claim damages, as appropriate, which may be costly and time-consuming. Furthermore, to the extent that the enforcement of remedies must be pursued in the UAE, it should be borne in mind that there is limited scope for self-help remedies under UAE law and that generally enforcement of remedies in the UAE must be pursued through the courts. Notwithstanding that an arbitral award may be obtained in a London-seated arbitration or that a judgment may be obtained in the English courts, there is no assurance that the Bank has, or would at the relevant time have, sufficient assets in the UK against which such arbitral award or judgment could be enforced.
The New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards 1958 (the "New York Convention") entered into force in the UAE on 19 November 2006. Accordingly, it is expected that an arbitral award obtained in a London-seated arbitration should be enforceable in Abu Dhabi in accordance with the terms of the New York Convention. In this regard, it should be noted that recognition and enforcement of an arbitral award may be refused by the Abu Dhabi courts on the grounds set out in Article V of the New York Convention. However, there is no established track record to demonstrate how the provisions of the New York Convention will be applied by the Abu Dhabi courts in practice and whether the Abu Dhabi courts will enforce a foreign arbitral award in accordance with the New York Convention (or any other applicable multilateral or bilateral enforcement treaties). This is reinforced by the lack of a system of binding judicial precedent in the UAE and the independent existence of different Emirates within the UAE, some with their own court systems, whose rulings may have no more than persuasive force cross border. Although there are examples of foreign arbitral awards being enforced in the UAE under the New York Convention, there are other cases where the enforcement of foreign arbitral awards have been refused.
Federal Decree Law No. 42 of 2022 regarding the Law of Civil Procedure (the "Civil Procedure Law") also governs the enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in the UAE. Article 223 of the Civil Procedure Law provides that arbitral awards issued in a foreign state may be enforced in the UAE subject to the conditions provided under Article 222 of the Civil Procedure Law. Article 225 of the Civil Procedure Law provides that the rules on enforcement of foreign arbitral awards shall not prejudice the provisions of treaties for the enforcement of foreign judgments, orders and instruments with foreign states, which, by virtue of the operation of Article 223 of the Civil Procedure Law, should also apply in respect of arbitral awards, and accordingly include the New York Convention. However, there is no established track record to demonstrate how the Abu Dhabi courts will apply the Civil Procedure Law alongside the provisions of such treaties in practice.
In addition, Federal Law No. 6 of 2018 (the "UAE Arbitration Law") provides certain conditions to the enforcement of domestic arbitral awards in the UAE. There is no established track record to demonstrate how the Abu Dhabi courts will apply the UAE Arbitration Law in practice and there is a risk that, notwithstanding the Civil Procedure Law or the terms of applicable enforcement treaties, the Abu Dhabi courts may also apply such conditions to the enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in the UAE.
Accordingly, there is a risk that an arbitral award obtained in a London-seated arbitration will be refused enforcement by the Abu Dhabi courts.
A judgment or order of a foreign court may be enforced in the UAE, subject to the conditions provided under Article 222 of the Civil Procedure Law. However, there is no established track record to demonstrate how the Abu Dhabi courts will apply the Civil Procedure Law in practice. The Abu Dhabi courts are unlikely to enforce an English court judgment without re-examining the merits of the claim.
The Abu Dhabi courts may not observe the choice by the parties of English law as the governing law of the transaction. In the UAE, foreign law is required to be established as a question of fact and the interpretation of English law, by a court in the UAE, may not accord with the interpretation of an English court. In principle, courts in the UAE recognise the choice of foreign law if they are satisfied that an appropriate connection exists between the relevant transaction agreement and the foreign law which has been chosen. They will not, however, honour any provision of foreign law which is contrary to public policy, order or morals in the UAE, or to any mandatory law of, or applicable in, the UAE. In practice, the UAE courts may seek to interpret English law governed documents as if they were governed by UAE law.
There have been conflicting decisions of the onshore UAE courts with respect to the validity of asymmetrical dispute resolution clauses which provide one party with the option to choose the applicable dispute resolution forum. Accordingly, there is a risk that the Abu Dhabi courts may find that the unilateral option to litigate in the Agency Agreement, the Deed Poll, the Deed of Covenant and the Dealer Agreement (the "Transaction Documents") and the Notes is invalid, that its inclusion invalidates the arbitration agreement in the dispute resolution provisions thereof, or otherwise does not deprive the Abu Dhabi courts of jurisdiction in respect of any dispute thereunder. This gives rise to a risk that the Abu Dhabi courts may accept jurisdiction in contravention of the dispute resolution provisions of the Notes and the Transaction Documents, or potentially refuse to enforce an arbitral award or court judgment obtained pursuant to the dispute resolution provisions thereof. Moreover, claims may become time-barred or become subject to a counterclaim. This creates further uncertainty with respect to enforcement.
The UAE is a civil law jurisdiction and judicial precedents in Abu Dhabi have no binding effect on subsequent decisions. In addition, there is no formal system of reporting decisions of the Abu Dhabi courts. These factors create greater judicial uncertainty. The enforcement of a foreign judgment or arbitral award may be a lengthy process in the UAE.
Set out below is a brief description of the principal market risks, including liquidity risk, exchange rate risk, interest rate risk and credit risk:
Notes issued under the Programme will (unless they are to be consolidated into a single series with any Notes previously issued) be new securities which may not be widely distributed and for which there is currently no active trading market. Notes may have no established trading market when issued, and one may never develop. If a market does develop, it may not be very liquid. Therefore, investors may not be able to sell their Notes easily or at prices that will provide them with a yield comparable to similar investments that have a developed secondary market. This is particularly the case for the Notes that are especially sensitive to interest rate, currency or market risks, are designed for specific investment objectives or strategies or have been structured to meet the investment requirements of limited categories of investors. These types of Notes generally would have a more limited secondary market and more price volatility than conventional debt securities. Illiquidity may have a severely adverse effect on the market value of the Notes.
In addition, Noteholders should be aware of the prevailing and widely reported global credit market conditions (which continue at the date of this Base Prospectus), whereby there is a general lack of liquidity in the secondary market for instruments similar to the Notes. Such lack of liquidity may result in investors suffering losses on the Notes in secondary resales even if there is no decline in the performance of the assets of the Bank. The Bank cannot predict if any of these circumstances will change and whether, if and when they do change, there will be a more liquid market for the Notes and instruments similar to the Notes at that time.
The Bank will pay principal and interest on the Notes in the Specified Currency. This presents certain risks relating to currency conversions if an investor's financial activities are denominated principally in a currency or currency unit (the "Investor's Currency") other than the Specified Currency.
These include the risk that exchange rates may significantly change (including changes due to devaluation of the Specified Currency or revaluation of the Investor's Currency) and the risk that authorities with jurisdiction over the Investor's Currency may impose or modify exchange controls.
An appreciation in the value of the Investor's Currency relative to the Specified Currency would decrease: (1) the Investor's Currency equivalent yield on the Notes; (2) the Investor's Currency equivalent value of the principal payable on the Notes; and (3) the Investor's Currency equivalent market value of the Notes.
Government and monetary authorities may impose (as some have done in the past) exchange controls that could adversely affect an applicable exchange rate. As a result, investors may receive less interest or principal than expected, or no interest or principal.
Investment in Fixed Rate Notes involves the risk that subsequent changes in market interest rates may adversely affect the value of the Fixed Rate Notes.
One or more independent credit rating agencies may assign credit ratings to the Notes. The ratings may not reflect the potential impact of all risks related to structure, market, additional factors discussed above and other factors that may affect the value of the Notes. A credit rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities and may be revised or withdrawn by the relevant rating agency at any time.
In general, European regulated investors are restricted under the CRA Regulation from using credit ratings for regulatory purposes in the EEA, unless such ratings are issued by a credit rating agency established in the EEA and registered under the CRA Regulation (and such registration has not been withdrawn or suspended, subject to transitional provisions that apply in certain circumstances). Such general restriction will also apply in the case of credit ratings issued by third country non-EEA credit rating agencies, unless the relevant credit ratings are endorsed by an EEA-registered credit rating agency or the relevant third country rating agency is certified in accordance with the CRA Regulation (and such endorsement action or certification, as the case may be, has not been withdrawn or suspended, subject to transitional provisions that apply in certain circumstances). The list of registered and certified rating agencies published by ESMA on its website in accordance with the CRA Regulation is not conclusive evidence of the status of the relevant rating agency being included in such list as there may be delays between certain supervisory measures being taken against a relevant rating agency and publication of an updated ESMA list.
Investors regulated in the United Kingdom are subject to similar restrictions under the UK CRA Regulation. As such, United Kingdom regulated investors are required to use for United Kingdom regulatory purposes ratings issued by a credit rating agency established in the United Kingdom and registered under the UK CRA Regulation. In the case of ratings issued by third country non-United Kingdom credit rating agencies, third country credit ratings can either be: (a) endorsed by a United Kingdom registered credit rating agency; or (b) issued by a third country credit rating agency that is certified in accordance with the UK CRA Regulation. Note this is subject, in each case, to (a) the relevant United Kingdom registration, certification or endorsement, as the case may be, not having been withdrawn or suspended, and (b) transitional provisions that apply in certain circumstances.
If the status of the rating agency rating the Notes changes for the purposes of the CRA Regulation or the UK CRA Regulation, relevant, European (including United Kingdom) regulated investors may no longer be able to use the rating for regulatory purposes in the EEA or the United Kingdom, as applicable, and the Notes may have a different regulatory treatment. This may result in European (including United Kingdom) regulated investors selling the Notes which may impact the value of the Notes and their liquidity in the secondary market. Certain information with respect to the credit rating agencies and ratings is set out on the cover of this Base Prospectus.
In this section, the expression "necessary information" means, in relation to any Tranche of Notes, the information necessary to enable investors to make an informed assessment of the assets and liabilities, financial position, profits and losses and prospects of the Bank, the rights attaching to the Notes and the Bank's ability to make payments due under the Notes.
In relation to the different types of Notes which may be issued under the Programme, the Bank has endeavoured to include in this Base Prospectus all of the necessary information except for information relating to the Notes which is not known at the date of this Base Prospectus and which can only be determined at the time of an individual issue of a Tranche of Notes.
Any information relating to the Notes which is not included in this Base Prospectus and which is required in order to complete the necessary information in relation to a Tranche of Notes will be contained in the relevant Final Terms or, as applicable, the relevant Pricing Supplement, unless, in accordance with Article 23 of the UK Prospectus Regulation, any of such information constitutes a significant new factor relating to the information contained in this Base Prospectus, in which case such information, together with all of the other necessary information in relation to the relevant Series of Notes (other than Exempt Notes), may be contained in a Drawdown Prospectus or a supplement to this Base Prospectus.
For a Tranche of Notes which is the subject of the relevant Final Terms or Pricing Supplement, the relevant Final Terms or Pricing Supplement will, for the purposes of that Tranche only, supplement this Base Prospectus and must be read in conjunction with this Base Prospectus. The terms and conditions applicable to any particular Tranche of Notes which is the subject of Final Terms will be the Conditions as supplemented by and to the extent described in the relevant Final Terms.
The terms and conditions applicable to any particular Tranche of Notes which is the subject of a Pricing Supplement or a Drawdown Prospectus will be the Conditions as supplemented, amended and/or replaced to the extent described in the relevant Pricing Supplement or Drawdown Prospectus. In the case of a Tranche of Notes which is the subject of a Pricing Supplement or Drawdown Prospectus, each reference in this Base Prospectus to information being specified or identified in the relevant Final Terms shall be read and construed as a reference to such information being specified or identified in the relevant Pricing Supplement or Drawdown Prospectus unless the context requires otherwise.
Each Drawdown Prospectus will be a single document containing the necessary information relating to the Bank and the relevant Notes.
Words and expressions defined in "Terms and Conditions of the Notes" herein shall have the same meanings in this section.
Each Tranche of Bearer Notes will initially be in the form of either a temporary global note in bearer form (the "Temporary Global Note") without interest coupons, or a permanent global note in bearer form (the "Permanent Global Note") without interest coupons, in each case as specified in the relevant Final Terms, or Pricing Supplement, as the case may be. Each Temporary Global Note or, as the case may be, Permanent Global Note (each a "Global Note") will be deposited on or around the issue date of the relevant Tranche of the Notes with a depositary or a common depositary for Euroclear and/or Clearstream, Luxembourg and/or any other relevant clearing system.
So long as the Notes are represented by a Temporary Global Note or Permanent Global Note and the relevant clearing system(s) so permit, the Notes may, if so specified in the relevant Final Terms, or Pricing Supplement, as the case may be, be tradeable only in a minimum authorised denomination of EUR100,000 and higher multiples of EUR1,000. In such a case, no Definitive Notes will be issued with a denomination above EUR199,000.
The relevant Final Terms, or Pricing Supplement, as the case may be, will also specify whether United States Treasury Regulation §1.163-5(c)(2)(i)(C) (or substantially identical successor United States Treasury Regulation section, including, without limitation, substantially identical successor regulations issued in accordance with Internal Revenue Service Notice 2012-20 or otherwise in connection with the United States Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act of 2010) (the "TEFRA C Rules") or United States Treasury Regulation §1.163-5(c)(2)(i)(D) (or any substantially identical successor United States Treasury Regulation section, including, without limitation, substantially identical successor regulations issued in accordance with Internal Revenue Service Notice 2012-20 or otherwise in connection with the United States Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act of 2010) (the "TEFRA D Rules") are applicable in relation to the Notes or, if the Notes do not have a maturity of more than 365 days, that neither the TEFRA C Rules nor the TEFRA D Rules are applicable.
If the relevant Final Terms, or Pricing Supplement, as the case may be, specifies the form of Notes as being "Temporary Global Note exchangeable for a Permanent Global Note", then the Notes will initially be in the form of a Temporary Global Note which will be exchangeable, in whole or in part, for interests in a Permanent Global Note without interest coupons, not earlier than 40 days after the issue date of the relevant Tranche of the Notes upon certification as to non-U.S. beneficial ownership. No payments will be made under the Temporary Global Note unless, upon due certification, exchange for interests in the Permanent Global Note is improperly withheld or refused. In addition, interest payments in respect of the Notes cannot be collected without such certification of non-U.S. beneficial ownership.
Whenever any interest in the Temporary Global Note is to be exchanged for an interest in a Permanent Global Note, the Bank shall procure (in the case of first exchange) the prompt delivery (free of charge to the bearer) of such Permanent Global Note to the bearer of the Temporary Global Note or (in the case of any subsequent exchange) an increase in the principal amount of the Permanent Global Note in accordance with its terms against:
within seven days of the bearer requesting such exchange.
The principal amount of the Permanent Global Note shall be equal to the aggregate of the principal amounts specified in the certificates of non-U.S. beneficial ownership provided that in no circumstances shall the principal amount of the Permanent Global Note exceed the initial principal amount of the Temporary Global Note.
If the relevant Final Terms, or Pricing Supplement, as the case may be, specifies the form of Notes as being "Temporary Global Note exchangeable for Definitive Notes" and also specifies that the TEFRA C Rules are applicable or that neither the TEFRA C Rules nor the TEFRA D Rules are applicable, then the Notes will initially be in the form of a Temporary Global Note which will be exchangeable in whole, but not in part, for Definitive Notes not earlier than 40 days after the issue date of the relevant Tranche of the Notes.
If the relevant Final Terms, or Pricing Supplement, as the case may be, specifies the form of Note as being "Temporary Global Note exchangeable for Definitive Notes" and also specifies that the TEFRA D Rules are applicable, then the Notes will initially be in the form of a Temporary Global Note which will be exchangeable, in whole or in part, for Definitive Notes not earlier than 40 days after the issue date of the relevant Tranche of the Notes upon certification as to non-U.S. beneficial ownership. Interest payments in respect of the Notes cannot be collected without such certification of non-U.S. beneficial ownership.
Whenever the Temporary Global Note is to be exchanged for Definitive Notes, the Bank shall procure the prompt delivery (free of charge to the bearer) of such Definitive Notes, duly authenticated and with Coupons and Talons attached (if so specified in the relevant Final Terms, or Pricing Supplement, as the case may be), in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Temporary Global Note to the bearer of the Temporary Global Note against the surrender of the Temporary Global Note to or to the order of the Fiscal Agent within 45 days of the bearer requesting such exchange.
If:
then the Temporary Global Note (including the obligation to deliver a Permanent Global Note or increase the principal amount thereof or deliver Definitive Notes, as the case may be) will become void at 5.00 p.m. (London time) on such seventh day (in the case of (a) above) or at 5.00 p.m. (London time) on such thirtieth day (in the case of (b) above) or at 5.00 p.m. (London time) on such due date (in the case of (c) above) and the bearer of the Temporary Global Note will have no further rights thereunder (but without prejudice to the rights which the bearer of the Temporary Global Note or others may have under a deed of covenant dated 10 July 2025 (the "Deed of Covenant") executed by the Bank). Under the Deed of Covenant, persons shown in the records of Euroclear and/or Clearstream, Luxembourg and/or any other relevant clearing system as being entitled to an interest in a Temporary Global Note will acquire directly against the Bank all those rights to which they would have been entitled if, immediately before the Temporary Global Note became void, they had been the holders of Definitive Notes in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of Notes they were shown as holding in the records of Euroclear and/or Clearstream, Luxembourg and/or any other relevant clearing system.
If the relevant Final Terms, or Pricing Supplement, as the case may be, specifies the form of Notes as being "Permanent Global Note exchangeable for Definitive Notes", then the Notes will initially be in the form of a Permanent Global Note which will be exchangeable in whole, but not in part, for Definitive Notes.
The Permanent Global Note will be exchangeable in whole, but not in part, for Notes in definitive form ("Definitive Notes"):
The exchange upon notice option described in paragraphs (i) and (ii) above should not be expressed to be applicable under Form of Notes in the relevant Final Terms, or Pricing Supplement, as the case may be, if the relevant Notes have denominations consisting of a minimum Specified Denomination plus one or more higher integral multiples of another smaller amount. Furthermore, Notes should not be issued which have such denominations if such Notes are to be represented on issue by a Temporary Global Note exchangeable for Definitive Notes.
Whenever the Permanent Global Note is to be exchanged for Definitive Notes, the Bank shall procure the prompt delivery (free of charge to the bearer) of such Definitive Notes, duly authenticated and with Coupons and Talons attached (if so specified in the relevant Final Terms, or Pricing Supplement, as the case may be), in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Permanent Global Note to the bearer of the Permanent Global Note against the surrender of the Permanent Global Note to or to the order of the Fiscal Agent within 45 days of the bearer requesting such exchange.
If:
been made to the bearer of the Permanent Global Note in accordance with the terms of the Permanent Global Note on the due date for payment,
then the Permanent Global Note (including the obligation to deliver Definitive Notes) will become void at 5.00 p.m. (London time) on such thirtieth day (in the case of (a) above) or at 5.00 p.m. (London time) on such due date (in the case of (b) above) and the bearer of the Permanent Global Note will have no further rights thereunder (but without prejudice to the rights which the bearer of the Permanent Global Note or others may have under the Deed of Covenant). Under the Deed of Covenant, persons shown in the records of Euroclear and/or Clearstream, Luxembourg and/or any other relevant clearing system as being entitled to an interest in a Permanent Global Note will acquire directly against the Bank all those rights to which they would have been entitled if, immediately before the Permanent Global Note became void, they had been the holders of Definitive Notes in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of Notes they were shown as holding in the records of Euroclear and/or Clearstream, Luxembourg and/or any other relevant clearing system.
Subject as provided below in relation to Global Registered Notes, in respect of each Tranche of Notes issued in registered form, the Bank will deliver to each holder of such Notes an individual Registered Note and the name of the holder will be recorded in the register which the Bank shall procure to be kept by the Registrar. Registered Notes will be in substantially the forms (subject to amendment and completion) scheduled to a programme manual containing the forms of the Notes in global and definitive form and dated 10 July 2025 (the "Programme Manual"). Notes issued in registered form will not be represented upon issue by a Temporary Global Note and Registered Notes will not be exchangeable for Bearer Notes.
Registered Notes held in Euroclear and/or Clearstream, Luxembourg (or any other clearing system) will be represented by a global Registered Note (a "Global Registered Note") which will be registered in the name of a nominee for, and deposited with, a common depositary for Euroclear and Clearstream, Luxembourg (or such other relevant clearing system).
The Global Registered Note will become exchangeable in whole, but not in part, for individual Registered Notes (each an "Individual Registered Note"):
The exchange upon notice option described in paragraphs (i) and (ii) above should not be expressed to be applicable under Form of Notes in the relevant Final Terms, or Pricing Supplement, as the case may be, if the relevant Notes have denominations consisting of a minimum Specified Denomination plus one or more higher integral multiples of another smaller amount. Furthermore, Notes should not be issued which have such denominations if such Notes are to be represented on issue by a Temporary Global Note exchangeable for Definitive Notes.
Whenever the Global Registered Note is to be exchanged for Individual Registered Notes, such Individual Registered Notes will be issued in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Registered Note within five business days of the delivery, by or on behalf of the registered holder of the Global Registered Note, Euroclear and/or Clearstream, Luxembourg, to the Registrar of such information as is required to complete and deliver such Individual Registered Notes (including, without limitation, the names and addresses of the persons in whose names the Individual Registered Notes are to be registered and the principal amount of each such person's holding) against the surrender of the Global Registered Note at the specified office of the Registrar. Such exchange will be effected in accordance with the provisions of the Agency Agreement and the regulations concerning the transfer and registration of Notes scheduled thereto and, in particular, shall be effected without charge to any holder, but against such indemnity as the Registrar may require in respect of any tax or other duty of whatsoever nature which may be levied or imposed in connection with such exchange.
then the Global Registered Note (including the obligation to deliver Individual Registered Notes) will become void at 5.00 p.m. (London time) on such thirtieth day (in the case of (a) above) or at 5.00 p.m. (London time) on such date (in the case of (b) above) and the holder will have no further rights thereunder (but without prejudice to the rights which the holder or others may have under the Deed of Covenant). Under the Deed of Covenant, persons shown in the records of Euroclear and/or Clearstream, Luxembourg (or any other relevant clearing system) as being entitled to interests in the Notes will acquire directly against the Bank all those rights to which they would have been entitled if, immediately before the Global Registered Note became void, they had been the registered holders of Notes in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of Notes they were shown as holding in the records of Euroclear, Clearstream, Luxembourg or any other relevant clearing system (as the case may be).
The terms and conditions applicable to any Definitive Note will be endorsed on that Note and will consist of the terms and conditions set out under "Terms and Conditions of the Notes" below and the provisions of the relevant Final Terms, or Pricing Supplement, as the case may be, which supplement those terms and conditions.
The terms and conditions applicable to any Note in global form will differ from those terms and conditions which would apply to the Note were it in definitive form to the extent below:
Payments: All payments in respect of the Global Note will be made against presentation and (in the case of payment of principal in full with all interest accrued thereon) surrender of the Global Note to or to the order of any Paying Agent and will be effective to satisfy and discharge the corresponding liabilities of the Bank in respect of the Notes. On each occasion on which a payment of principal or interest is made in respect of the Global Note, the Bank shall procure that the payment is noted in a schedule thereto.
Payment Business Day: In the case of a Global Note, this shall be, if the currency of payment is euro, any day which is a T2 Settlement Day and a day on which dealings in foreign currencies may be carried on in each (if any) Additional Financial Centre, or, if the currency of payment is not euro, any day which is a day on which dealings in foreign currencies may be carried on in the Principal Financial Centre of the currency of payment and in each (if any) Additional Financial Centre.
Payment Record Date: Each payment in respect of the Global Registered Note will be made to the person shown as the holder in the Register at the close of business (in the relevant clearing system) on the Clearing System Business Day before the due date for such payment (the "Record Date") where "Clearing System Business Day" means a day on which each clearing system for which the Global Registered Note is being held is open for business.
Exercise of put option: In order to exercise the option contained in Condition 10(e) (Redemption and Purchase – Redemption at the option of Noteholders), the bearer of the Permanent Global Note or the holder of a Global Registered Note must, within the period specified in the Conditions for the deposit of the relevant Note and put notice, give written notice of such exercise to the Fiscal Agent specifying the principal amount of Notes in respect of which such option is being exercised. Any such notice will be irrevocable and may not be withdrawn.
Partial exercise of call option: In connection with an exercise of the option contained in Condition 10(c) (Redemption and Purchase – Redemption at the option of the Bank) in relation to only some of the Notes, the Permanent Global Note or Global Registered Note may be redeemed in part in the principal amount specified by the Bank in accordance with the Conditions and the Notes to be redeemed will not be selected as provided in the Conditions but in accordance with the rules and procedures of Euroclear and Clearstream, Luxembourg (to be reflected in the records of Euroclear and Clearstream, Luxembourg as either a pool factor or a reduction in principal amount, at their discretion).
Notices: Notwithstanding Condition 20 (Notices), while all the Notes are represented by a Permanent Global Note (or by a Permanent Global Note and/or a Temporary Global Note) or a Global Registered Note and the relevant Note or Notes is/are deposited with a depositary or a common depositary for Euroclear and/or Clearstream, Luxembourg and/or any other relevant clearing system, notices to Noteholders may be given by delivery of the relevant notice to Euroclear and/or Clearstream, Luxembourg and/or any other relevant clearing system and, in any case, such notices shall be deemed to have been given to the Noteholders in accordance with Condition 20 (Notices) on the date of delivery to Euroclear and/or Clearstream, Luxembourg and/or any other relevant clearing system.
Each of the persons shown in the records of Euroclear and/or Clearstream, Luxembourg and/or any other relevant clearing system as being entitled to an interest in a Global Note (each an "Accountholder") must look solely to Euroclear and/or Clearstream, Luxembourg and/or such other relevant clearing system (as the case may be) for such Accountholder's share of each payment made by the Bank to the bearer of such Global Note and in relation to all other rights arising under the Global Note. The extent to which, and the manner in which, Accountholders may exercise any rights arising under the Global Note will be determined by the respective rules and procedures of Euroclear and Clearstream, Luxembourg and any other relevant clearing system from time to time. For so long as the relevant Notes are represented by the Global Note, Accountholders shall have no claim directly against the Bank in respect of payments due under the Notes and such obligations of the Bank will be discharged by payment to the bearer of the Global Note.
Any Notes (other than Temporary Global Notes) and any Coupons and Talons appertaining thereto where TEFRA D is specified in the relevant Final Terms, or Pricing Supplement, as the case may be, will bear a legend to the following effect:
"Any United States person (as defined in Regulation S under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended) who holds this obligation will be subject to limitations under the United States income tax laws, including the limitations provided in Sections 165(j) and 1287(a) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended."
The sections referred to in such legend provide that a U.S. person who holds a Note, Coupon or Talon will generally not be allowed to deduct any loss realised on the sale, exchange or redemption of such Note, Coupon or Talon and any gain (which might otherwise be characterised as capital gain) recognised on such sale, exchange or redemption will be treated as ordinary income.
The following is the text of the terms and conditions which, as supplemented by the relevant Final Terms or, as applicable, the relevant Pricing Supplement (as defined below), will be endorsed on each Note in definitive form issued under the Programme. The terms and conditions applicable to any Note in global form will differ from those terms and conditions which would apply to the Note were it in definitive form to the extent described under "Summary of provisions relating to the Notes in Global Form" above.
In the case of a Tranche of Notes which will not be admitted to listing, trading on (i) a regulated market for the purposes of the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (Directive 2014/65/EU, as amended) in the European Economic Area or (ii) a UK regulated market as defined in Regulation (EU) No 600/2014 on markets in financial instruments as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 and/or quotation by any competent authority, stock exchange and/or quotation system ("Exempt Notes") and, accordingly, for which no base prospectus is required to be produced in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 (the "Prospectus Regulation"), or the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 ("FSMA"), respectively, a pricing supplement (a "Pricing Supplement") will be issued describing the final terms of such Tranche of Exempt Notes. Each reference in these terms and conditions to "Final Terms" shall, in the case of a Tranche of Exempt Notes, be read and construed as a reference to such Pricing Supplement unless the context requires otherwise.
(e) Summaries: Certain provisions of these Conditions are summaries of the Agency Agreement and are subject to its detailed provisions. The holders of the Notes (the "Noteholders", which expression shall where appropriate, be deemed to include holders of Notes issued in bearer form ("Bearer Notes"), or in registered form ("Registered Notes"), the holders of related interest coupons, if any, (the "Couponholders" and the "Coupons" respectively) and the holders of the receipts for the payment of instalments of principal (the "Receipts") relating to Notes in bearer form of which the principal is payable in instalments) are bound by, and are deemed to have notice of, all the provisions of the Agency Agreement applicable to them. Copies of the Agency Agreement are available for inspection by Noteholders during normal business hours at the Specified Offices of the Paying Agent, or, if applicable, the Registrar, the initial Specified Offices of which are set out in the Agency Agreement.
(a) Definitions: In these Conditions, the following expressions have the following meanings:
"Accrual Yield" has the meaning given in the relevant Final Terms;
"Additional Business Centre(s)" means the city or cities specified as such in the relevant Final Terms;
"Additional Financial Centre(s)" means the city or cities specified as such in the relevant Final Terms;
"Business Day Convention", in relation to any particular date, has the meaning given in the relevant Final Terms and, if so specified in the relevant Final Terms, may have different meanings in relation to different dates and, in this context, the following expressions shall have the following meanings:
"Calculation Agent" means the Fiscal Agent or such other Person specified in the relevant Final Terms as the party responsible for calculating the Rate(s) of Interest and Interest Amount(s) and/or such other amount(s) as may be specified in the relevant Final Terms;
"Calculation Amount" has the meaning given in the relevant Final Terms;
"Coupon Sheet" means, in respect of a Note, a coupon sheet relating to the Note;
"Day Count Fraction" means, in respect of the calculation of an amount for any period of time (the "Calculation Period", as the same will be adjusted in accordance with any relevant Business Day Convention), such day count fraction as may be specified in these Conditions or the relevant Final Terms and:
Day Count Fraction = [360 ×(Y2-Y1)]+[30×(M2-M1)]+(D2-D1) 360
where:
"Y1" is the year, expressed as a number, in which the first day of the Calculation Period falls;
"Y2" is the year, expressed as a number, in which the day immediately following the last day included in the Calculation Period falls;
"M1" is the calendar month, expressed as a number, in which the first day of the Calculation Period falls;
"M2" is the calendar month, expressed as number, in which the day immediately following the last day included in the Calculation Period falls;
"D1" is the first calendar day, expressed as a number, of the Calculation Period, unless such number would be 31, in which case D1 will be 30; and
"D2" is the calendar day, expressed as a number, immediately following the last day included in the Calculation Period, unless such number would be 31 and D1 is greater than 29, in which case D2 will be 30; and
(vi) if "30E/360" or "Eurobond Basis" is so specified, the number of days in the Calculation Period divided by 360, calculated on a formula basis as follows:
Day Count Fraction = [360 ×(Y2-Y1)]+[30×(M2-M1)]+(D2-D1) 360
where:
"Y1" is the year, expressed as a number, in which the first day of the Calculation Period falls;
"Y2" is the year, expressed as a number, in which the day immediately following the last day included in the Calculation Period falls;
"M1" is the calendar month, expressed as a number, in which the first day of the Calculation Period falls;
"M2" is the calendar month, expressed as a number, in which the day immediately following the last day included in the Calculation Period falls;
"D1" is the first calendar day, expressed as a number, of the Calculation Period, unless such number would be 31, in which case D1 will be 30; and
"D2" is the calendar day, expressed as a number, immediately following the last day included in the Calculation Period, unless such number would be 31, in which case D2 will be 30;
"Early Redemption Amount (Tax)" means, in respect of any Note, its principal amount or such other amount as may be specified in the relevant Final Terms;
"Early Termination Amount" means, in respect of any Note, its principal amount or such other amount as may be specified in, or determined in accordance with, these Conditions or the relevant Final Terms;
"Extraordinary Resolution" has the meaning given in the Agency Agreement;
"Final Redemption Amount" means, in respect of any Note, its principal amount or such other amount as may be specified in, or determined in accordance with, the relevant Final Terms;
"Fixed Coupon Amount" has the meaning given in the relevant Final Terms;
"Governmental Authority" means any de facto or de jure government (or any agency or instrumentality thereof), court, tribunal, administrative or other governmental authority or any other entity (private or public) charged with the regulation of the financial markets (including the central bank) of the applicable RMB Settlement Centre(s);
"Guarantee" means, in relation to any Indebtedness of any Person, any obligation of another Person to pay such Indebtedness including (without limitation):
"Indebtedness" means any indebtedness of any Person for money borrowed or raised including (without limitation) any indebtedness for or in respect of:
"Interest Amount" means, in relation to a Note and an Interest Period, the amount of interest payable in respect of that Note for that Interest Period (other than Adjusted Renminbi Fixed Rate Notes);
"Interest Commencement Date" means the Issue Date of the Notes or such other date as may be specified as the interest commencement date in the relevant Final Terms;
"Interest Determination Date" has the meaning given in the relevant Final Terms;
"Interest Payment Date" means the date or dates specified as such in, or determined in accordance with the provisions of, the relevant Final Terms and, if a Business Day Convention is specified in the relevant Final Terms:
"Interest Period" means each period beginning on (and including) the Interest Commencement Date or any Interest Payment Date and ending on (but excluding) the next Interest Payment Date;
"Issue Date" has the meaning given in the relevant Final Terms;
"London Banking Day" or "LBD" means any day on which commercial banks are open for general business (including dealing in foreign exchange and foreign currency deposits) in London;
"Margin" has the meaning given in the relevant Final Terms;
"Maturity Date" has the meaning given in the relevant Final Terms;
"Maximum Redemption Amount" has the meaning given in the relevant Final Terms;
"Minimum Redemption Amount" has the meaning given in the relevant Final Terms;
"Optional Redemption Amount (Call)" means, in respect of any Note, its principal amount or such other amount as may be specified in, or determined in accordance with, the relevant Final Terms;
"Optional Redemption Amount (Put)" means, in respect of any Note, its principal amount or such other amount as may be specified in, or determined in accordance with, the relevant Final Terms;
"Optional Redemption Date (Call)" has the meaning given in the relevant Final Terms;
"Optional Redemption Date (Put)" has the meaning given in the relevant Final Terms;
"Payment Business Day" means:
(i) any solvent winding up or dissolution of a Principal Subsidiary where the remaining assets of such Principal Subsidiary are distributed to the Bank or any wholly-owned Subsidiary of the Bank;
"Person" means any individual, company, corporation, firm, partnership, joint venture, association, organisation, state or agency of a state or other entity, whether or not having separate legal personality;
"Principal Financial Centre" means, in relation to any currency, the principal financial centre for that currency provided that:
"Principal Subsidiary" means any Subsidiary of the Bank: (i) whose assets from time to time represent not less than 15 per cent. of the consolidated assets of the Bank, or whose revenues from time to time represent not less than 15 per cent. of the consolidated revenues of the Bank, as shown in the Bank's most recent audited consolidated annual financial statements (or, if more recent, consolidated interim financial statements); or (ii) to which is transferred all or substantially all of the assets and undertakings of a Subsidiary which immediately prior to such transfer is a Principal Subsidiary;
"Put Option Notice" means a notice, in the form available from the Specified Office of the Paying Agent, or in the case of Registered Notes, the Registrar which must be delivered to the Paying Agent by any Noteholder wanting to exercise a right to redeem a Note at the option of the Noteholder;
"Put Option Receipt" means a receipt issued by a Paying Agent to a depositing Noteholder upon deposit of a Note with such Paying Agent by any Noteholder wanting to exercise a right to redeem a Note at the option of the Noteholder;
"Rate Calculation Business Day" means a day (other than a Saturday or Sunday) on which commercial banks are open for general business (including dealings in foreign exchange) in the applicable RMB Settlement Centre(s), London and the principal financial centre of the country of the Relevant Currency;
"Rate Calculation Date" means the day which is two Rate Calculation Business Days before the due date of the relevant payment under the Notes;
"Rate of Interest" means the rate or rates (expressed as a percentage per annum) of interest payable in respect of the Notes specified in the relevant Final Terms or calculated or determined in accordance with the provisions of these Conditions and/or the relevant Final Terms;
"Record Date" has the meaning given to such term in Condition 12 (Payments – Registered Notes);
"Redemption Amount" means, as appropriate, the Final Redemption Amount, the Early Redemption Amount (Tax), the Optional Redemption Amount (Call), the Optional Redemption Amount (Put), the Early Termination Amount or such other amount in the nature of a redemption amount as may be specified in, or determined in accordance with the provisions of, the relevant Final Terms;
"Reference Banks" means the four major banks selected by the Bank in the market that is most closely connected with the Reference Rate;
"Reference Price" has the meaning given in the relevant Final Terms;
"Registered Notes" means Notes issued in registered form;
"Regular Period" means:
"Relevant Banking Day" means a day (other than a Saturday or Sunday) on which commercial banks and foreign exchange markets settle payments generally in the place of presentation of the relevant Note or, as the case may be, Coupon or, in connection with the transfer of Registered Notes only, the place of the Specified Office of the Registrar;
"Relevant Currency" has the meaning given in the relevant Final Terms;
"Relevant Date" means, in relation to any payment, whichever is the later of: (i) the date on which the payment in question first becomes due; and (ii) if the full amount payable has not been received in the Principal Financial Centre of the currency of payment by the Fiscal Agent on or prior to such due date, the date on which (the full amount having been so received) notice to that effect has been given to the Noteholders in accordance with Condition 20 (Notices);
"Relevant Financial Centre" has the meaning given in the relevant Final Terms;
"Relevant Indebtedness" means any Indebtedness which is in the form of or represented by any bond, note, debenture, debenture stock, loan stock, certificate or other similar instrument which is, or is capable of being, listed, quoted or traded on any stock exchange or in any securities market (including, without limitation, any over-the-counter market);
"Relevant Screen Page" means the page, section or other part of a particular information service (including, without limitation, Reuters) specified as the Relevant Screen Page in the relevant Final Terms, or such other page, section or other part as may replace it on that information service or such other information service, in each case, as may be nominated by the Person providing or sponsoring the information appearing there for the purpose of displaying rates or prices comparable to the Reference Rate;
"Relevant Time" has the meaning given in the relevant Final Terms;
"Renminbi", "RMB" or "CNY" means the lawful currency for the time being of the People's Republic of China (the "PRC"), which, for these purposes, excludes the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the PRC, the Macau Special Administrative Region of the PRC and Taiwan;
"Reserved Matter" means: (i) any proposal to change any date fixed for payment of principal or interest in respect of the Notes; (ii) to reduce the amount of principal or interest payable on any date in respect of the Notes; (iii) to alter the method of calculating the amount of any payment in respect of the Notes or the date for any such payment (other than, in the case of this limb (iii) only, any change arising from the discontinuation of any interest rate benchmark used to determine the amount of any payment in respect of the Notes); (iv) to change the currency of any payment under the Notes or to change the quorum requirements relating to meetings or the majority required to pass an Extraordinary Resolution;
"RMB Currency Events" means, with respect to any Notes where the Relevant Currency is Renminbi, any one of RMB Illiquidity, RMB Non-Transferability and RMB Inconvertibility;
"RMB Illiquidity" means the general RMB exchange market in the applicable RMB Settlement Centre(s) becomes illiquid as a result of which the Bank cannot obtain sufficient RMB in order to make a payment under the Notes, as determined by the Bank in a commercially reasonable manner following consultation with two independent foreign exchange dealers of international repute active in the RMB exchange market in the applicable RMB Settlement Centre(s);
"RMB Inconvertibility" means the occurrence of any event that makes it impossible for the Bank to convert any amount due in respect of the Notes into RMB on any payment date in the general RMB exchange market in the applicable RMB Settlement Centre(s), other than where such impossibility is due solely to the failure of the Bank to comply with any law, rule or regulation enacted by any Governmental Authority (unless such law, rule or regulation is enacted after the Issue Date of the first Tranche of the relevant Series and it is impossible for the Bank, due to an event beyond its control, to comply with such law, rule or regulation);
"RMB Non-Transferability" means the occurrence of any event that makes it impossible for the Bank to deliver RMB between accounts inside the applicable RMB Settlement Centre(s) or from an account inside the applicable RMB Settlement Centre(s) to an account outside the applicable RMB Settlement Centre(s) (including where the RMB clearing and settlement system for participating banks in the applicable RMB Settlement Centre(s) is disrupted or suspended), other than where such impossibility is due solely to the failure of the Bank to comply with any law, rule or regulation enacted by any Governmental Authority (unless such law, rule or regulation is enacted after the Issue Date of the first Tranche of the relevant Series and it is impossible for the Bank, due to an event beyond its control, to comply with such law, rule or regulation);
"RMB Settlement Centre(s)" means the financial centre(s) specified as such in the relevant Final Terms in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. If no RMB Settlement Centre is specified in the relevant Final Terms, the RMB Settlement Centre shall be deemed to be Hong Kong;
"Security Interest" means any mortgage, charge, pledge, lien or other security interest including, without limitation, anything analogous to any of the foregoing under the laws of any jurisdiction;
"Specified Currency" has the meaning given in the relevant Final Terms;
"Specified Denomination(s)" has the meaning given in the relevant Final Terms;
"Specified Office" has the meaning given in the Agency Agreement;
"Specified Period" has the meaning given in the relevant Final Terms;
"Spot Rate" means the spot RMB/Relevant Currency exchange rate for the purchase of the Relevant Currency with Renminbi in the over-the-counter Renminbi exchange market in the applicable RMB Settlement Centre(s) for settlement in two Rate Calculation Business Days, as determined by the Calculation Agent at or around 11.00 a.m. (local time at the applicable RMB Settlement Centre(s)) on the Rate Calculation Date, on a deliverable basis by reference to the Relevant Spot Rate Screen Page (Deliverable Basis) (as specified in the relevant Final Terms), or, if no such rate is available, on a non-deliverable basis by reference to the Relevant Spot Rate Screen Page (Non-deliverable Basis) (as specified in the relevant Final Terms). If neither rate is available, the Calculation Agent shall determine the rate taking into consideration all available information which the Calculation Agent deems relevant, including pricing information obtained from the Renminbi non-deliverable exchange market in the applicable RMB Settlement Centre(s) or elsewhere and the RMB/Relevant Currency exchange rate in the PRC domestic foreign exchange market;
"Subsidiary" means, in relation to any Person (the "first Person") at any particular time, any other Person (the "second Person"):
(i) whose affairs and policies the first Person controls or has the power to control, whether by ownership of share capital, contract, the power to appoint or remove members of the governing body of the second Person or otherwise; or
(ii) whose financial statements are, in accordance with applicable law and generally accepted accounting principles, consolidated with those of the first Person;
"Talon" means a talon for further Coupons;
"T2" means the Trans-European Automated Real-time Gross Settlement Express Transfer System or any successor or replacement for that system;
"T2 Settlement Day" means any day on which T2 is open for the settlement of payments in euro; and
"Zero Coupon Note" means a Note specified as such in the relevant Final Terms.
(a) Notes in Bearer Form: Bearer Notes are issued in the Specified Denomination(s) with Coupons and, if specified in the relevant Final Terms, Talons attached at the time of issue and may be held in holdings equal to the minimum denomination specified in the relevant Final Terms and integral multiples in excess thereof. In the case of a Series of Bearer Notes with more than one Specified Denomination, Bearer Notes of one Specified Denomination will not be exchangeable for Bearer Notes of another Specified Denomination. Title to Bearer Notes and Coupons will pass by delivery. The holder of any Bearer Note or Coupon shall (except as otherwise required by law) be treated as its absolute owner for all purposes (whether or not it is overdue and regardless of any notice of ownership, trust or any other interest therein, any writing thereon or any notice of any previous loss or theft thereof) and no Person shall be liable for so treating such holder. All Definitive Notes will be serially numbered, with coupons, if any, attached.
(d) Closed Periods: Holders of Registered Notes may not require transfers to be registered during the period of 15 days ending on the due date for any payment of principal or interest in respect of the Registered Notes.
The payment obligations of the Bank in respect of the Subordinated Notes (whether on account of principal, interest or otherwise) will be subordinated to all unsubordinated payment obligations of the Bank in the manner described below but will rank pari passu with all other subordinated payment obligations of the Bank which do not rank or are not expressed by their terms to rank junior to the payment obligations under the Subordinated Notes and in priority to all claims of shareholders of the Bank. The rights of the holders of Subordinated Notes against the Bank are subordinated in right of payment to the claims of all Senior Creditors of the Bank and, accordingly, payments in respect of the Subordinated Notes (whether on account of principal, interest or otherwise) by the Bank are conditional upon the Bank being solvent at the time of such payment and no payment shall be payable by the Bank in respect of the Subordinated Notes, except to the extent that the Bank could make such payment and any other payment required to be made to a creditor in respect of indebtedness which ranks or is expressed to rank pari passu with the Subordinated Notes and still be solvent immediately thereafter. For this purpose, the Bank shall be solvent if: (i) it is able to pay its debts as they fall due; and (ii) its assets exceed its liabilities, and "Senior Creditors" shall mean creditors of the Bank (including depositors) other than creditors in respect of indebtedness where, by the terms of such indebtedness, the claims of the holders of that indebtedness rank or are expressed to rank pari passu with, or junior to, the claims of the Noteholders.
Each holder of a Subordinated Note unconditionally and irrevocably waives any right of set-off, counterclaim, abatement or other similar remedy which it might otherwise have, under the laws of any jurisdiction, in respect of such Note. No collateral is or will be given for the payment obligations under the Subordinated Notes and any collateral that may have been or may in the future be given in connection with other indebtedness of the Bank shall not secure the payment obligations of the Bank in respect of the Subordinated Notes.
This Condition 6 (Negative Pledge) only applies to Senior Notes.
So long as any Note remains outstanding, the Bank shall not, and shall procure that none of its Subsidiaries will, create or permit to subsist any Security Interest upon the whole or any part of its present or future undertaking, assets or revenues (including uncalled capital) to secure any Relevant Indebtedness of the Bank or Guarantee (by the Bank) of Relevant Indebtedness of others, other than a Permitted Security Interest, without: (a) at the same time or prior thereto securing the Notes equally and rateably therewith; or (b) providing such other security for the Notes as may be approved by an Extraordinary Resolution of Noteholders.
In this Condition:
"Indebtedness" means any present or future indebtedness of any person for or in respect of any money borrowed or raised including (without limitation) any liability arising under bonds, sukuk or other securities or any moneys raised under any transaction having the commercial effect of borrowing or raising money including any Shari'a-compliant alternative of the foregoing;
"Non recourse Project Financing" means any Indebtedness incurred in connection with the financing of all or part of the costs of the acquisition, construction or development of any project, provided that: (i) any Security Interest given by the Bank or the relevant Subsidiary is limited solely to assets of the project; (ii) the Person or Persons providing such financing expressly agrees to limit their recourse to the project financed and the revenues derived from such project as the principal source of repayment for the moneys advanced; and (iii) there is no other recourse to the Bank or the relevant Subsidiary in respect of any default by any Person under the financing; and
"Permitted Security Interest" means, for the purposes of this Condition 6 (Negative Pledge):
audited consolidated (if then prepared by the Bank) or non consolidated (if consolidated financial statements are not then prepared by the Bank) financial statements prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards;
Where the Specified Currency of a Fixed Rate Note is Renminbi and the relevant Final Terms specifies a Business Day Convention to be applicable (each an "Adjusted Renminbi Fixed Rate Note"), that Fixed Rate Note bears interest on its outstanding principal amount from the Interest Commencement Date at the rate per annum (expressed as a percentage) equal to the Rate of Interest, such interest being payable in arrear on each Interest Payment Date. For this purpose, unless otherwise specified in the relevant Final Terms, "Interest Payment Date" means the Interest Payment Date(s) specified as such in the relevant Final Terms as adjusted in accordance with the applicable Business Day Convention. The amount of interest payable on each Interest Payment Date in respect of the Fixed Interest Period ending on (but excluding) such Interest Payment Date will be calculated by multiplying the product of the Rate of Interest and the outstanding principal amount of that Adjusted Renminbi Fixed Rate Note by the applicable Day Count Fraction and rounding the resultant figure to the nearest CNY0.01, CNY0.005 being rounded upwards. Each such calculation will be made by the Calculation Agent. For this purpose, "Fixed Interest Period" means the period from (and including) an Interest Payment Date (or the Interest Commencement Date) to (but excluding) the next (or first) Interest Payment Date.
and the Rate of Interest for such Interest Period shall be the sum of the Margin and the rate or (as the case may be) the arithmetic mean so determined; provided that if the Calculation Agent is unable to determine a rate or (as the case may be) an arithmetic mean in accordance with the above provisions in relation to any Interest Period, and provided further that such failure is not due to the occurrence of a Benchmark Event, the Rate of Interest applicable to the Notes during such Interest Period will be the sum of the Margin and the rate or (as the case may be) the arithmetic mean last determined in relation to the Notes in respect of a preceding Interest Period.
If the Rate of Interest cannot be determined because of the occurrence of a Benchmark Event, the Rate of Interest shall be calculated in accordance with the terms of Condition 8(f) (Floating Rate Note Provisions – Benchmark Replacement).
In the Conditions, "Reference Rate" means one of the following benchmark rates (as specified in the relevant Final Terms) in respect of the currency and period specified in the relevant Final Terms:
Where Screen Rate Determination referencing SOFR, SONIA or €STR is specified in the relevant Final Terms as the manner in which the Rate of Interest is to be determined and the Reference Rate specified in the relevant Final Terms is SOFR, SONIA or €STR (other than where the Calculation Method is specified as being "SONIA Index"):
(i) where the Calculation Method in respect of the relevant Series of Floating Rate Notes is specified in the relevant Final Terms as being "Compounded Daily", the Rate of Interest for each Interest Period will, subject as provided below, be the Compounded Daily Reference Rate plus or minus (as indicated in the relevant Final Terms) the Margin, all as determined by the Calculation Agent, where:
"Compounded Daily Reference Rate" means, with respect to an Interest Period, the rate of return of a daily compound interest investment in the Specified Currency (with the applicable Reference Rate (as indicated in the relevant Final Terms and further provided for below) as the reference rate for the calculation of interest) and will be calculated by the Calculation Agent on the Interest Determination Date, as follows, and the resulting percentage will be rounded, if necessary, to the fifth decimal place, with 0.000005 being rounded upwards:
$$\left[\prod_{i=1}^{d_0} \left(1 + \frac{r_i - pBD \ge n_i}{D} \right) - 1\right] \ge \frac{D}{d}$$
where:
"Applicable Period" means,
"Business Day" or "BD", in this Condition means (i) where "SOFR" is specified as the Reference Rate, a U.S. Government Securities Business Day, (ii) where "SONIA" is specified as the Reference Rate, a London Banking Day or (iii) where "€STR" is specified as the Reference Rate, a T2 Settlement Day;
"D" is the number specified in the relevant Final Terms;
"d" means, for the relevant Applicable Period, the number of calendar days in such Applicable Period;
"do" means, for the relevant Applicable Period, the number of Business Days in such Applicable Period;
"Effective Interest Payment Date" means any date or dates specified as such in the relevant Final Terms;
"€STR" means, in respect of any Business Day, a reference rate equal to the daily euro short term rate for such Business Day as provided by the European Central Bank, as administrator of such rate (or any successor administrator of such rate), on the European Central Bank's Website, in each case, on or before 9:00 a.m., (Central European Time) on the Business Day immediately following such Business Day;
"European Central Bank's Website" means the website of the European Central Bank currently at http://www.ecb.europa.eu, or any successor website officially designated by the European Central Bank;
"i" means, for the relevant Applicable Period, a series of whole numbers from one to do, each representing the relevant Business Day in chronological order from, and including, the first Business Day in such Applicable Period;
"Lock-out Period" means the period from, and including, the day following the Interest Determination Date to, but excluding, the corresponding Interest Payment Date;
"ni", for any Business Day "i" in the Applicable Period, means the number of calendar days from and including such Business Day "i" up to but excluding the following Business Day;
"New York Fed's Website" means the website of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York currently at http://www.newyorkfed.org, or any successor website of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York;
"Observation Period" means, in respect of an Interest Period, the period from and including the date falling "p" Business Days prior to the first day of the relevant Interest Period and ending on, but excluding, the date which is "p" Business Days prior to the Interest Payment Date for such Interest Period (or the date falling "p" Business Days prior to such earlier date, if any, on which the Notes become due and payable);
"p" means, for any Interest Period:
"r" means:
"Rate Cut-off Date" has the meaning given in the relevant Final Terms;
"Reference Day" means each Business Day in the relevant Interest Period, other than any Business Day in the Lock-out Period;
"ri-pBD" means the applicable Reference Rate as set out in the definition of "r" above for, (i) where "Lag" is specified as the Observation Method in the relevant Final Terms, the Business Day (being a Business Day falling in the relevant Observation Period) falling "p" Business Days prior to the relevant Business Day "i" or, (ii) otherwise, the relevant Business Day "i";
"SOFR" means, in respect of any Business Day, a reference rate equal to the daily Secured Overnight Financing Rate as provided by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, as the administrator of such rate (or any successor administrator of such rate) on the New York Fed's Website, in each case on or about 5:00 p.m. (New York City Time) on the Business Day immediately following such Business Day (the "SOFR Determination Time");
"SONIA" means, in respect of any Business Day, a reference rate equal to the daily Sterling Overnight Index Average rate for such Business Day as provided by the administrator of SONIA to authorised distributors and as then published on the Relevant Screen Page or, if the Relevant Screen Page is unavailable, as otherwise published by such authorised distributors in each case on the Business Day immediately following such Business Day; and
"U.S. Government Securities Business Day" means any day except for a Saturday, Sunday or a day on which the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (or any successor thereto) recommends that the fixed income departments of its members be closed for the entire day for purposes of trading in U.S. government securities;
(ii) where the Calculation Method in respect of the relevant Series of Floating Rate Notes is specified in the relevant Final Terms as being "Weighted Average", the Rate of Interest for each Interest Period will, subject to as provided below, be the Weighted Average Reference Rate (as defined below) plus or minus (as indicated in the relevant Final Terms) the Margin and will be calculated by the Calculation Agent on the Interest Determination Date and the resulting percentage will be rounded, if necessary, to the fifth decimal place, with 0.000005 being rounded upwards, where:
"Lock-out Period" has the meaning set out in paragraph (i) above;
"Observation Period" has the meaning set out in paragraph (i) above;
"Reference Day" has the meaning set out in paragraph (i) above;
"Weighted Average Reference Rate" means:
(A) where "Lag" is specified as the Observation Method in the relevant Final Terms, the arithmetic mean of the Reference Rate in effect for each calendar day during the relevant Observation Period, calculated by multiplying each relevant Reference Rate by the number of calendar days such rate is in effect, determining the sum of such products and dividing such sum by the number of calendar days in the relevant Observation Period. For these purposes the Reference Rate in effect for any calendar day which is not a Business Day shall be deemed to be the Reference Rate in effect for the Business Day immediately preceding such calendar day; and
$$\left(\frac{SOFR\ Index_{End}}{SOFR\ Index_{Start}} - 1\right) \ge \left(\frac{360}{d_c}\right)^2$$
where "dc" is the number of calendar days from (and including) SOFR IndexStart to (but excluding) SOFR IndexEnd (the number of calendar days in the relevant Observation Period);
"SOFR Averages" shall mean the computation bearing the same name as published on the New York Fed's Website;
"SOFR Index" with respect to any U.S. Government Securities Business Day, means:
"SOFR IndexEnd" is the SOFR Index value for the day which is "p" U.S. Government Securities Business Days preceding the Interest Payment Date relating to such Interest Period;
"SOFR IndexStart" is the SOFR Index value for the day which is "p" U.S. Government Securities Business Days preceding the first date of the relevant Interest Period;
"SOFR Index Unavailable" means if a SOFR IndexStart or SOFR IndexEnd is not published on the associated Interest Determination Date and a Benchmark Transition Event and its related Benchmark Replacement Date have not occurred with respect to the then-current Benchmark, "Compounded SOFR" means, for the relevant Interest Period for which such index is not available, the rate of return on a daily compounded interest investment calculated in accordance with the formula for SOFR Averages, and definitions required for such formula, published on the New York Federal Reserve's Website at https://www.newyorkfed.org/markets/treasury-repo-referenceratesinformation;
For the purposes of this provision, references in the SOFR Averages compounding formula and related definitions to "calculation period" shall be replaced with "Observation Period" and the words "that is, 30-, 90-, or 180 calendar days" shall be removed. If the daily SOFR does not so appear for any day, "i" in the Observation Period, SOFR for such day "i" shall be SOFR published in respect of the first preceding U.S. Government Securities Business Day for which SOFR was published on the New York Federal Reserve's Website;
published on the Relevant Screen Page (or otherwise published by the relevant authorised distributors) for the first preceding Business Day on which the SONIA rate was published on the Relevant Screen Page (or otherwise published by the relevant authorised distributors),
and in each case, "r" shall be interpreted accordingly;
If the relevant Series of Notes become due and payable in accordance with Condition 10 (Redemption and Purchase) or Condition 14 (Events of Default), the final Interest Determination Date shall, notwithstanding any Interest Determination Date specified in the relevant Final Terms, be deemed to be the date on which such Notes became due and payable and the Rate of Interest on such Notes shall, for so long as any such Note remains outstanding, be that determined on such date.
(viii) For the purposes of this Condition 8(d) (Floating Rate Note Provisions – Screen Rate Determination for Floating Rate Notes referencing SOFR, SONIA or €STR (other than where in the relevant Final Terms the Reference Rate is specified as being SONIA and the Calculation Method is specified as being "SONIA Index"):
If "Payment Delay" is specified in the relevant Final Terms as being applicable, all references in these Conditions to interest on the Notes being payable on an Interest Payment Date shall be read as references to interest on the Notes being payable on an Effective Interest Payment Date instead.
Where Screen Rate Determination referencing SOFR, SONIA or €STR is specified in the relevant Final Terms as the manner in which the Rate of Interest is to be determined, the Reference Rate specified in the relevant Final Terms is SONIA, and the Calculation Method specified in the relevant Final Terms is "SONIA Index", the Rate of Interest for each Interest Period will, subject as provided below, be the Compounded Daily SONIA Rate (as defined below) plus or minus (as indicated in the relevant Final Terms) the Margin, all as determined by the Calculation Agent.
"Compounded Daily SONIA Rate" means, with respect to an Interest Period, as determined by reference to the screen rate or index for compounded daily SONIA administered by the administrator of the SONIA reference rate that is published or displayed by such administrator or other information service from time to time at the relevant time on the relevant Interest Determination Date, as further specified in the relevant Final Terms (the "SONIA Compounded Index")) and in accordance with the following formula:
d x SONIACompounded Index SONIACompounded Index Start End 365 1 −
and the resulting percentage will be rounded, if necessary, to the fifth decimal place, with 0.000005 being rounded upwards, where:
"d" is the number of calendar days from (and including) the day in relation to which SONIA Compounded IndexStart is determined to (but excluding) the day in relation to which SONIA Compounded IndexEnd is determined;
"Relevant Number" is as specified in the relevant Final Terms (or, if no such number is specified, five);
"SONIA Compounded IndexStart" means, with respect to an Interest Period, the SONIA Compounded Index determined in relation to the day falling the Relevant Number of London Banking Days prior to the first day of the relevant Interest Period; and
"SONIA Compounded IndexEnd" means, with respect to an Interest Period, the SONIA Compounded Index determined in relation to the day falling the Relevant Number of London Banking Days prior to (A) the Interest Payment Date for such Interest Period, or (B) such other date on which the relevant payment of interest falls due (but which by its definition or the operation of the relevant provisions is excluded from such Interest Period).
(i) In the event that the Rate of Interest cannot be determined in accordance with the foregoing provisions (unless the Calculation Agent has been notified of any Successor Rate or Alternative Reference Rate (and any related Adjustment Spread and/or Benchmark Amendments) pursuant to Condition 8(f) (Floating Rate Note Provisions – Benchmark Replacement) below, if applicable), the Rate of Interest shall be determined in accordance with Condition 8(d)(iv).
(ii) If the Notes become due and payable in accordance with Condition 14 (Events of Default), the final Rate of Interest shall be calculated for the Interest Period from (and including) the most recent Interest Payment Date (or, if none, the Interest Commencement Date) to (but excluding) the date on which the Notes become so due and payable, and such Rate of Interest shall continue to apply to the Notes for so long as interest continues to accrue thereon as provided in Condition 8(b) (Floating Rate Note Provisions – Accrual of interest).
Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Condition 8 (Floating Rate Note Provisions) but subject, in the case of Notes linked to SONIA, to Condition 8(d)(iv)(A) above or Condition 8(e) (Floating Rate Note Provisions – Screen Rate Determination for Floating Rate Notes where in the relevant Final Terms the Reference Rate is specified as being SONIA and the relevant Calculation Method is specified as being "SONIA Index") above, as applicable, taking precedence, if the Bank, following consultation with the Calculation Agent, determines that a Benchmark Event has occurred in relation to the relevant Reference Rate specified in the relevant Final Terms when any Rate of Interest (or the relevant component part thereof) applicable to the Notes for any Interest Period remains to be determined by such Reference Rate, then the following provisions shall apply (other than where in the relevant Final Terms "Condition 8(f)(2) (ARRC) is applicable" is specified for the Benchmark Replacement fall back):
mutatis mutandis to allow such determinations to be made by the Bank without consultation with the Independent Adviser);
For the avoidance of doubt, no Agent shall be liable to the Noteholders or any other person for so acting or relying on such notice, irrespective of whether any such modification is or may be materially prejudicial to the interests of any such Noteholder or person;
(vi) the Bank shall promptly, following the determination of any Successor Rate or Alternative Reference Rate (as applicable) and the specific terms of any Benchmark Amendments, give notice to the Agents and, in accordance with Condition 20 (Notices), the Noteholders confirming: (A) that a Benchmark Event has occurred; (B) the Successor Rate or Alternative Reference Rate (as applicable); (C) any applicable Adjustment Spread; and (D) the specific terms of the Benchmark Amendments (if any), in each case as determined in accordance with the provisions of this Condition 8(f) (Floating Rate Note Provisions – Benchmark Replacement). Such notice shall be irrevocable and shall specify the effective date on which such changes take effect.
No later than notifying the Noteholders of the same, the Bank shall deliver to the Fiscal Agent a certificate signed by two authorised signatories of the Bank:
Such certificate shall be made available for inspection by the Noteholders during normal business hours at the specified office of the Fiscal Agent;
"Adjustment Spread" means either (a) a spread (which may be positive, negative or zero), or (b) a formula or methodology for calculating a spread, in each case to be applied to the Successor Rate or the Alternative Reference Rate (as the case may be), and is the spread, formula or methodology which:
"Alternative Reference Rate" means an alternative benchmark or screen rate which the Independent Adviser (following consultation with the Bank) determines, in accordance with this Condition 8(f) (Floating Rate Note Provisions – Benchmark Replacement), is customarily applied in international debt capital markets transactions for the purposes of determining rates of interest (or the relevant component part thereof) in the same Specified Currency as the Notes or, if the Independent Adviser or the Bank (as applicable) determines that there is no such rate, such other rate as the Independent Adviser or the Bank (as applicable) determines in their sole discretion is most comparable to the relevant Reference Rate;
"Benchmark Event" means: (i) the relevant Reference Rate ceasing to be published as a result of such benchmark ceasing to be calculated or administered or ceasing to exist for at least five Business Days; or (ii) a public statement by the administrator of the relevant Reference Rate that it has ceased or that it will, by a specified future date, cease publishing the relevant Reference Rate permanently or indefinitely (in circumstances where no successor administrator has been appointed that will continue publication of the relevant Reference Rate); or (iii) a public statement by the supervisor of the administrator of the relevant Reference Rate, that the relevant Reference Rate has been or will be, by a specified future date, permanently or indefinitely discontinued; or (iv) a public statement by the supervisor of the administrator of the relevant Reference Rate as a consequence of which, by a specified future date, the relevant Reference Rate will be prohibited from being used either generally, or in respect of the Notes; or (v) a public statement by the supervisor of the administrator of the relevant Reference Rate that, in the view of such supervisor, such Reference Rate is or will be (or is or will be deemed by such supervisor to be), by a specified future date, no longer representative of an underlying market; or (vi) it has become unlawful for the Bank, the Calculation Agent or any Paying Agent to calculate any payments due to be made to any Noteholder using the relevant Reference Rate, provided that, where the relevant Benchmark Event is a public statement within sub-paragraphs (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v) above and the relevant specified future date in the public statement is more than six months after the date of that public statement, the Benchmark Event shall not be deemed to occur until the date falling six months prior to such specified future date;
"Financial Stability Board" means the organisation established by the Group of Twenty (G20) in April 2009;
"Independent Adviser" means an independent financial institution of international repute or an independent financial adviser with appropriate expertise appointed by the Bank at the Bank's expense;
"Relevant Nominating Body" means, in respect of a Reference Rate: (i) the central bank for the currency to which the Reference Rate relates, or any central bank or other supervisory authority which is responsible for supervising the administrator of the Reference Rate; or (ii) any working group or committee sponsored by, chaired or cochaired by or constituted at the request of: (A) the central bank for the currency to which the Reference Rate relates; (B) any central bank or other supervisory authority which is responsible for supervising the administrator of the Reference Rate; (C) a group of the aforementioned central banks or other supervisory authorities; or (D) the Financial Stability Board or any part thereof; and
"Successor Rate" means the rate that the Independent Adviser (in consultation with the Bank) or the Bank, as applicable, determines is a successor to or replacement of the relevant Reference Rate which is formally recommended by any Relevant Nominating Body.
(2) ARRC
This Condition 8(f)(2) (ARRC) shall apply, in the case of Notes for which the Specified Currency specified in the relevant Final Terms is U.S. dollars and the Reference Rate specified in the relevant Final Terms is SOFR, if in the relevant Final Terms "Condition 8(f)(2) (ARRC) is applicable" is specified for the Benchmark Replacement fall back.
If the Bank determines on or prior to the relevant Reference Time that a Benchmark Transition Event and its related Benchmark Replacement Date have occurred with respect to the then-current Benchmark, the Benchmark Replacement will replace the then-current Benchmark for all purposes relating to the Notes in respect of all determinations on such date and for all determinations on all subsequent dates. In connection with the implementation of a Benchmark Replacement, the Bank will have the right to make Benchmark Replacement Conforming Changes from time to time, without any requirement for the consent or approval of Noteholders.
Any determination, decision or election that may be made by the Bank pursuant to this Condition 8(f)(2) (ARRC), including any determination with respect to a tenor, rate or adjustment or of the occurrence or non-occurrence of an event, circumstance or date and any decision to take or refrain from taking any action or any selection:
(iii) notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the documentation relating to the Notes, shall become effective without consent from the holders of the Notes or any other party.
"Benchmark" means, initially, SOFR, provided that if the Bank determines on or prior to the Reference Time that a Benchmark Transition Event and its related Benchmark Replacement Date have occurred with respect to SOFR (or the published daily SOFR used in the calculation thereof), as the case may be, or the then-current Benchmark, then "Benchmark" shall mean the applicable Benchmark Replacement;
"Benchmark Replacement" means the first alternative set forth in the order below that can be determined by the Bank as of the Benchmark Replacement Date:
"Benchmark Replacement Adjustment" means the first alternative set forth in the order below that can be determined by the Bank as of the Benchmark Replacement Date:
"Benchmark Replacement Conforming Changes" means, with respect to any Benchmark Replacement, any technical, administrative or operational changes (including changes to the timing and frequency of determining rates and making payments of interest, rounding of amounts or tenors, and other administrative matters) that the Bank decides may be appropriate to reflect the adoption of such Benchmark Replacement in a manner substantially consistent with market practice (or, if the Bank decides that adoption of any portion of such market practice is not administratively feasible or if the Bank determines that no market practice for use of the Benchmark Replacement exists, in such other manner as the Bank determines is reasonably necessary);
"Benchmark Replacement Date" means the earliest to occur of the following events with respect to the then-current Benchmark:
For the avoidance of doubt, if the event that gives rise to the Benchmark Replacement Date occurs on the same day as, but earlier than, the Reference Time in respect of any determination, the Benchmark Replacement Date will be deemed to have occurred prior to the Reference Time for such determination;
"Benchmark Transition Event" means the occurrence of one or more of the following events with respect to the then-current Benchmark:
"ISDA" means the International Swaps and Derivative Association, Inc.;
"ISDA Definitions" means either the 2006 ISDA Definitions, as published by ISDA and as amended and updated as at the Issue Date of the first Tranche of the Notes, or the latest version of the 2021 ISDA Interest Rate Derivatives Definitions as published by ISDA as at the Issue Date of the first Tranche of the Notes, as applicable;
"ISDA Fallback Adjustment" means the spread adjustment (which may be a positive or negative value or zero) that would apply for derivatives transactions referencing the ISDA Definitions to be determined upon the occurrence of an index cessation event with respect to the Benchmark for the applicable tenor;
"ISDA Fallback Rate" means the rate that would apply for derivatives transactions referencing the ISDA Definitions to be effective upon the occurrence of an index cessation date with respect to the Benchmark for the applicable tenor excluding the applicable ISDA Fallback Adjustment;
"Reference Time" with respect to any determination of the Benchmark means (i) if the Benchmark is SOFR, the SOFR Determination Time, and (ii) if the Benchmark is not SOFR, the time determined by the Bank after giving effect to the Benchmark Replacement Conforming Changes;
"Relevant Governmental Body" means the Federal Reserve Board and/or the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, or a committee officially endorsed or convened by the Federal Reserve Board and/or the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or any successor thereto; and
"Unadjusted Benchmark Replacement" means the Benchmark Replacement excluding the Benchmark Replacement Adjustment.
Any Benchmark Replacement, Benchmark Replacement Adjustment and the specific terms of any Benchmark Replacement Conforming Changes, determined under this Condition 8(f)(2) (ARRC) will be notified promptly by the Bank to the Fiscal Agent, the Calculation Agent, the Paying Agents and, in accordance with Condition 20 (Notices), the Noteholders. Such notice shall be irrevocable and shall specify the effective date on which such changes take effect.
No later than notifying the Fiscal Agent of the same, the Bank shall deliver to the Fiscal Agent a certificate signed by two authorised signatories of the Bank:
rounded figure by a fraction equal to the Specified Denomination of the relevant Note divided by the Calculation Amount. For this purpose a "sub-unit" means, in the case of any currency other than euro, the lowest amount of such currency that is available as legal tender in the country of such currency and, in the case of euro, means one cent.
"Designated Maturity" means the period of time designated in the Reference Rate.
In the case of Exempt Notes which are also Floating Rate Notes, if the Reference Rate from time to time is specified in the relevant Pricing Supplement as being other than EURIBOR, the Rate of Interest in respect of such Exempt Notes will be determined as provided in the relevant Pricing Supplement.
on giving not less than 30 nor more than 60 days' notice to the Noteholders (which notice shall be irrevocable), at their Early Redemption Amount (Tax), together with interest accrued (if any) to the date fixed for redemption, if:
provided that no such notice of redemption shall be given earlier than:
Prior to the publication of any notice of redemption pursuant to this Condition 10(b) (Redemption and Purchase – Redemption for tax reasons), the Bank shall deliver or procure that there is delivered to the Fiscal Agent: (A) a certificate signed by two directors of the Bank stating that the Bank is entitled to effect such redemption and setting forth a statement of facts showing that the conditions precedent to the right of the Bank so to redeem have occurred; and (B) an opinion of independent legal advisers of recognised standing to the effect that the Bank has or will become obliged to pay such additional amounts as a result of such change or amendment. Upon the expiry of any such notice as is referred to in this Condition 10(b) (Redemption and Purchase – Redemption for tax reasons), the Bank shall be bound to redeem the Notes in accordance with this Condition 10(b) (Redemption and Purchase – Redemption for tax reasons).
exchange or quotation system on which the relevant Notes may be listed, traded or quoted.
In the case of the redemption of part only of a Registered Note, a new Registered Note in respect of the unredeemed balance shall be issued in accordance with Condition 4 (Transfers of Registered Notes) which shall apply as in the case of a transfer of Registered Notes as if such new Registered Note were in respect of the untransferred balance.
(e) Redemption at the option of Noteholders: If the Put Option is specified in the relevant Final Terms as being applicable, the Bank shall, at the option of the holder of any Note redeem such Note on the Optional Redemption Date (Put) specified in the relevant Put Option Notice at the relevant Optional Redemption Amount (Put) together with interest (if any) accrued to such date. In order to exercise the option contained in this Condition 10(e) (Redemption and Purchase – Redemption at the option of Noteholders), the holder of a Note must, not less than 30 nor more than 60 days (or such other period as may be specified in the relevant Final Terms) before the relevant Optional Redemption Date (Put), deposit at the Specified Offices of any Paying Agent (in the case of Bearer Notes) or the Registrar (in the case of Registered Notes) such Note together with all unmatured Coupons relating thereto and a duly completed Put Option Notice in the form obtainable from any Paying Agent or Registrar specifying the aggregate Outstanding Principal Amount in respect of which such option is exercised. The Paying Agent or Registrar with which a Note is so deposited shall deliver a duly completed Put Option Receipt to the depositing holder. No Note, once deposited with a duly completed Put Option Notice in accordance with this Condition 10(e) (Redemption and Purchase – Redemption at the option of Noteholders), may be withdrawn; provided that if, prior to the relevant Optional Redemption Date (Put), any such Note becomes immediately due and payable or, upon due presentation of any such Note on the relevant Optional Redemption Date (Put), payment of the redemption moneys is improperly withheld or refused, the relevant Paying Agent or Registrar, as the case may be, shall mail notification thereof to the depositing holder at such address as may have been given by such holder in the relevant Put Option Notice and shall hold such Note at its Specified Office for collection by the depositing holder against surrender of the relevant Put Option Receipt. For so long as any outstanding Note is held by a Paying Agent or Registrar, as the case may be, in accordance with this Condition 10(e) (Redemption and Purchase – Redemption at the option of Noteholders), the depositor of such Note and not such Paying Agent shall be deemed to be the holder of such Note for all purposes.
The holder of a Note may not exercise such Put Option in respect of any Note which is the subject of an exercise by the Bank of its Call Option.
In the case of the redemption of part only of a Registered Note, a new Registered Note in respect of the unredeemed balance shall be issued in accordance with Condition 4 (Transfers of Registered Notes) which shall apply as in the case of a transfer of Registered Notes as if such new Registered Note were in respect of the untransferred balance.
(f) No other redemption: The Bank shall not be entitled to redeem the Notes otherwise than as provided in Conditions 10(a) (Redemption and Purchase – Scheduled redemption) to 10(e) (Redemption and Purchase – Redemption at the option of Noteholders) above.
Where such calculation is to be made for a period which is not a whole number of years, the calculation in respect of the period of less than a full year shall be made on the basis of such Day Count Fraction as may be specified in the relevant Final Terms for the purposes of this Condition 10(g) (Redemption and Purchase – Early redemption of Zero Coupon Notes) or, if none is so specified, a Day Count Fraction of 30E/360.
This Condition 11 (Payments – Bearer Notes) is applicable in relation to Bearer Notes.
effectively precluded by exchange controls or other similar restrictions; and (iii) payment is permitted by applicable United States law.
Each sum of principal so deducted shall be paid in the manner provided in Condition 11(a) (Payments – Bearer Notes – Principal) above against presentation and (provided that payment is made in full) surrender of the relevant missing Coupons.
This Condition 12 (Payments – Registered Notes) is applicable in relation to Registered Notes.
commission or expenses shall be charged to the Registered Noteholders in respect of such payments.
(a) Events of Default for Senior Notes: This Condition 14(a) (Events of Default for Senior Notes) only applies to Senior Notes.
If any one or more of the following events (each an "Event of Default") occurs and is continuing:
provided that such an event listed in sub-paragraphs (A), (B) and/or (C) above shall not constitute an Event of Default unless the aggregate amount of all such indebtedness, either alone or when aggregated with all other indebtedness in respect of which such an event shall have occurred and be continuing shall be more than U.S.\$100,000,000 (or its equivalent in any other currency or currencies); or
(iv) Unsatisfied judgment: one or more judgment(s) or order(s) from which no further appeal or judicial review is permissible under applicable law for the payment of any amount in excess of U.S.\$100,000,000 (or its equivalent in any other currency or currencies) is rendered against the Bank or any of its Principal Subsidiaries and continue(s) unsatisfied and unstayed for a period of 30 days following the service by any Noteholder on the Bank or any Principal Subsidiary of notice requiring the same to be paid/remedied; or
then any Note may, by written notice addressed by the holder thereof to the Bank and delivered to the Bank or to the Specified Office of the Fiscal Agent, be declared immediately due and payable, whereupon it shall become immediately due and payable at its Early Termination Amount together with accrued interest (if any) without further action or formality.
then any Note may, by written notice addressed by the holder thereof to the Bank and delivered to the Bank or to the Specified Office of the Fiscal Agent, be declared immediately due and payable, whereupon it shall become immediately due and payable at its Early Termination Amount together with accrued interest (if any) without further action or formality.
Claims for principal shall become void unless the relevant Notes are presented for payment within ten years of the appropriate Relevant Date. Claims for interest shall become void unless the relevant Coupons are presented for payment within five years of the appropriate Relevant Date.
If any Note or Coupon is lost, stolen, mutilated, defaced or destroyed, it may be replaced at the Specified Office of the Fiscal Agent (and, if the Notes are then admitted to listing, trading and/or quotation by any competent authority, stock exchange and/or quotation system which requires the appointment of a Paying Agent in any particular place, the Paying Agent having its Specified Office in the place required by such competent authority, stock exchange and/or quotation system) (in the case of Bearer Notes or Coupons) or the Registrar (in the case of Registered Notes), subject to all applicable laws and competent authority, stock and/or quotation system requirements, upon payment by the claimant of the expenses incurred in connection with such replacement and on such terms as to evidence, security, indemnity and otherwise as the Bank may reasonably require. Mutilated or defaced Notes or Coupons must be surrendered before replacements will be issued.
Notice of any change in the Paying Agent, the Registrar, the Calculation Agent or in their Specified Offices shall promptly be given to the Noteholders in accordance with Condition 20 (Notices).
(a) Meetings of Noteholders: The Agency Agreement contains provisions for convening meetings (including by way of conference call or by use of a videoconference platform) of Noteholders to consider matters relating to the Notes, including the modification of any provision of these Conditions. Any such modification may be made if sanctioned by an Extraordinary Resolution. Such a meeting may be convened by the Bank and shall be convened by it upon the request in writing of Noteholders holding not less than one-tenth of the aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Notes. The quorum at any meeting convened to vote on an Extraordinary Resolution will be two or more Persons holding or representing one more than half of the aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Notes or, at any adjourned meeting, two or more Persons being or representing Noteholders whatever the principal amount of the Notes held or represented; provided that Reserved Matters may only be sanctioned by an Extraordinary Resolution passed at a meeting of Noteholders at which two or more Persons holding or representing not less than three-quarters or, at any adjourned meeting, one quarter of the aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Notes form a quorum. Any Extraordinary Resolution duly passed at any such meeting shall be binding on all the Noteholders and Couponholders, whether present or not.
In addition, a resolution in writing signed by or on behalf of all Noteholders who for the time being are entitled to receive notice of a meeting of Noteholders will take effect as if it were an Extraordinary Resolution. Such a resolution in writing may be contained in one document or several documents in the same form, each signed by or on behalf of one or more Noteholders.
(b) Modification: The Bank and the Fiscal Agent may agree that the Notes, the Coupons or the Agency Agreement may be amended without the consent of the Noteholders or the Couponholders to correct a manifest or proven error or to comply with mandatory provisions of law or agree to modify any provision thereof, but the Bank shall not agree, without the consent of the Noteholders, to any such modification unless it is of a formal, minor or technical nature. In addition, the Bank and the Fiscal Agent may only agree to any modification of the Notes, Coupons or the Agency Agreement which, in the opinion of such parties, is not materially prejudicial to the interests of the Noteholders.
The Bank may from time to time, without the consent of the Noteholders or the Couponholders, create and issue further notes having the same terms and conditions as the Notes in all respects (or in all respects except for the amount and date of the first payment of interest thereon and the date from which interest starts to accrue (so that, for the avoidance of doubt, references in the conditions of such notes to "Issue Date" shall be to the first issue date of the Notes)), and so as to form a single series with the Notes.
(a) Bearer Notes: Notices to holders of Bearer Notes shall be valid if published in a leading English language daily newspaper published in London (which is expected to be the Financial Times) or, if such publication is not practicable, in a leading English language daily newspaper having general circulation in Europe. Any such notice shall be deemed to have been given on the date of first publication (or if required to be published in more than one newspaper, on the first date on which publication shall have been made in all the required newspapers). Couponholders shall be deemed for all purposes to have notice of the contents of any notice given to the Noteholders.
(b) Registered Notes: Notices to holders of Registered Notes will be deemed to be validly given if sent by first class mail (or equivalent) or (if posted to an address overseas) by airmail to them (or the first named of joint holders) at their respective addresses recorded in the register kept by the Registrar, and will be deemed to have been given on the fourth business day after the date of such after mailing.
For the purposes of any calculations referred to in these Conditions (unless otherwise specified in these Conditions or the relevant Final Terms): (a) all percentages resulting from such calculations will be rounded, if necessary, to the nearest one hundred-thousandth of a percentage point (with 0.000005 per cent. being rounded up to 0.00001 per cent.); (b) all United States dollar amounts used in or resulting from such calculations will be rounded to the nearest cent (with one half cent being rounded up); (c) all Japanese Yen amounts used in or resulting from such calculations will be rounded downwards to the next lower whole Japanese Yen amount; and (d) all amounts denominated in any other currency used in or resulting from such calculations will be rounded to the nearest two decimal places in such currency (with 0.005 being rounded upwards).
The Agency Agreement, the Notes, the Receipts and the Coupons and any non-contractual obligations arising out of or in connection with the Agency Agreement, the Notes (including the remaining provisions of this Condition 22(a) (Governing Law and Dispute Resolution – Governing law)), the Receipts and the Coupons, are and shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, English law.
Subject to Condition 22(c) (Governing Law and Dispute Resolution – Option to litigate), any dispute, claim, difference or controversy arising out of, relating to or having any connection with the Notes, the Receipts and/or the Coupons (including any dispute as to their existence, validity, interpretation, performance, breach or termination or the consequences of their nullity and any dispute relating to any non-contractual obligations arising out of or in connection with them) (a "Dispute") shall be referred to and finally resolved by arbitration under the London Court of International Arbitration (the "LCIA") Arbitration Rules (the "Rules"), which Rules (as amended from time to time) are incorporated by reference into this Condition. For these purposes:
Notwithstanding Condition 22(b) (Governing Law and Dispute Resolution – Agreement to arbitrate), the Noteholder may, in the alternative, and at its sole discretion, by notice in writing to the Bank:
require that a Dispute be heard by a court of law. If a Noteholder gives such notice, the Dispute to which such notice refers shall be determined in accordance with Condition 22(d) (Governing Law and Dispute Resolution – Effect of exercise of option to litigate) and, subject as provided below, any arbitration commenced under Condition 22(b) (Governing Law and Dispute Resolution – Agreement to arbitrate) in respect of that Dispute will be terminated. Each of the Noteholder and the recipient of such notice will bear its own costs in relation to the terminated arbitration.
If any notice to exercise the option to litigate is given after service of any Request for Arbitration in respect of any Dispute, the Noteholder must also promptly give notice to the LCIA Court and to any Tribunal (each as defined in the Rules) already appointed in relation to the Dispute that such Dispute will be settled by the courts. Upon receipt of such notice by the LCIA Court, the arbitration and any appointment of any arbitrator in relation to such Dispute will immediately terminate. Any such arbitrator will be deemed to be functus officio. The termination is without prejudice to:
In the event that a notice pursuant to Condition 22(c) (Governing Law and Dispute Resolution – Option to litigate) is issued, the following provisions shall apply:
No person shall have any right to enforce any term or condition of the Notes under the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999, but this does not affect any right or remedy of any person which exists or is available apart from that Act.
[PROHIBITION OF SALES TO EEA RETAIL INVESTORS – The Notes are not intended to be offered, sold or otherwise made available to and should not be offered, sold or otherwise made available to any retail investor in the European Economic Area ("EEA"). For these purposes, a retail investor means a person who is one (or more) of: (i) a retail client as defined in point (11) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU (as amended, "MiFID II"); or (ii) a customer within the meaning of Directive (EU) 2016/97 (the "Insurance Distribution Directive"), where that customer would not qualify as a professional client as defined in point (10) of Article 4(1) of MiFID II; or (iii) not a qualified investor as defined in the Prospectus Regulation. Consequently, no key information document required by Regulation (EU) No. 1286/2014 (as amended, the "PRIIPs Regulation") for offering or selling the Notes or otherwise making them available to retail investors in the EEA has been prepared and therefore offering or selling the Notes or otherwise making them available to any retail investor in the EEA may be unlawful under the PRIIPs Regulation.]
[PROHIBITION OF SALES TO UK RETAIL INVESTORS – The Notes are not intended to be offered, sold or otherwise made available to and should not be offered, sold or otherwise made available to any retail investor in the United Kingdom. For these purposes, a retail investor means a person who is one (or more) of: (i) a retail client, as defined in point (8) of Article 2 of Regulation (EU) No. 2017/565 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 ("EUWA"); or (ii) a customer within the meaning of the provisions of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (as amended, the "FSMA") and any rules or regulations made under the FSMA to implement Directive (EU) 2016/97, where that customer would not qualify as a professional client, as defined in point (8) of Article 2(1) of Regulation (EU) No 600/2014 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the EUWA; or (iii) not a qualified investor as defined in Article 2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the EUWA. Consequently no key information document required by Regulation (EU) No. 1286/2014 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the EUWA (the "UK PRIIPs Regulation") for offering or selling the Notes or otherwise making them available to retail investors in the United Kingdom has been prepared and therefore offering or selling the Notes or otherwise making them available to any retail investor in the United Kingdom may be unlawful under the UK PRIIPs Regulation.]
[MIFID II product governance / Professional investors and ECPs only target market – Solely for the purposes of [the/each] manufacturer's product approval process, the target market assessment in respect of the Notes has led to the conclusion that: (i) the target market for the Notes is eligible counterparties and professional clients only, each as defined in [Directive 2014/65/EU (as amended, "MiFID II")] [MiFID II]; and (ii) all channels for distribution of the Notes to eligible counterparties and professional clients are appropriate. Any person subsequently offering, selling or recommending the Notes (a "distributor") should take into consideration the manufacturer['s/s'] target market assessment; however, a distributor subject to MiFID II is responsible for undertaking its own target market assessment in respect of the Notes (by either adopting or refining the manufacturer['s/s'] target market assessment) and determining appropriate distribution channels.]
[UK MIFIR product governance / Professional investors and ECPs only target market – Solely for the purposes of [the/each] manufacturer's product approval process, the target market assessment in respect of the Notes has led to the conclusion that: (i) the target market for the Notes is only eligible counterparties, as defined in the FCA Handbook Conduct of Business Sourcebook, and professional clients, as defined in Regulation (EU) No 600/2014 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 ("UK MiFIR"); and (ii) all channels for distribution of the Notes to eligible counterparties and professional clients are appropriate. [A distributor]/[Any person subsequently offering, selling or recommending the Notes (a "distributor")] should take into consideration the manufacturer['s/s'] target market assessment; however, a distributor subject to the FCA Handbook Product Intervention and Product Governance Sourcebook is responsible for undertaking its own target market assessment in respect of the Notes (by either adopting or refining the manufacturer['s/s'] target market assessment) and determining appropriate distribution channels.]
[Notification under Section 309B(1)(c) of the Securities and Futures Act 2001 of Singapore, as modified or amended from time to time (the "SFA") – [Notice to be included if classification of the Notes is not "prescribed capital markets products", pursuant to Section 309B of the SFA.]]
Set out below is the form of Final Terms which will be completed for each Tranche of Notes issued under the Programme.
Final Terms dated [•]
[Terms used herein shall be deemed to be defined as such for the purposes of the Conditions set forth in the Base Prospectus dated 10 July 2025 [and the supplemental Base Prospectus dated [•]] which [together] constitute[s] a base prospectus (the "Base Prospectus") for the purposes of the UK Prospectus Regulation. This document constitutes the Final Terms relating to the issue of Notes described herein for the purposes of the UK Prospectus Regulation and must be read in conjunction with the Base Prospectus [and its supplement(s)] in order to obtain all the relevant information.
The Base Prospectus [and the supplemental Base Prospectus] [is] [are] available for viewing at the market news section of the London Stock Exchange website (http://www.londonstockexchange.com/exchange/news/market-news/market-news-home.html) and during normal business hours at the registered offices of the Bank at FAB Building, Khalifa Business Park – Al Qurm District, P.O. Box 6316, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates and the Fiscal Agent at Citigroup Centre, Canada Square, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5LB, United Kingdom.]
[Terms used herein shall be deemed to be defined as such for the purposes of the Terms and Conditions of the Notes (the "Conditions") set forth in the Base Prospectus dated [original date] [and the supplement to it dated [date]] which are incorporated by reference in the Base Prospectus dated 10 July 2025. This document constitutes the Final Terms of the Notes described herein for the purposes of the UK Prospectus Regulation and must be read in conjunction with the Base Prospectus dated 10 July 2025 [and the supplemental Prospectus dated [•]] which [together] constitute[s] a base prospectus for the purposes of the UK Prospectus Regulation, save in respect of the Conditions, in order to obtain all the relevant information.
Copies of the Base Prospectus [and the supplemental Prospectuses] and the Final Terms are available for viewing at the market news section of the London Stock Exchange website (www.londonstockexchange.com/exchange/news/market-news/market-news-home.html) and during normal business hours at the normal business hours at the registered offices of the Bank at FAB Building, Khalifa Business Park – Al Qurm District, P.O. Box 6316, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates and the Fiscal Agent at Citigroup Centre, Canada Square, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5LB, United Kingdom.]
| 1. | Issuer: | First Abu Dhabi Bank PJSC | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2. | (i) | [Series Number:] | [•] | |
| (ii) | [Tranche Number:] | [•] | ||
| (iii) | [Date on which the Notes become fungible:] |
[[•]/Not Applicable] | ||
| 3. | Specified Currency or Currencies: | [•] | ||
| 4. | Aggregate Principal Amount: |
|||
| (i) | [Series:] | [•] | ||
| (ii) | [Tranche:] | [•] | ||
| 5. | Issue Price: | [[•] per cent. of the Aggregate Principal Amount [plus accrued interest from [•]]/Not specified] |
||
| 6. | (i) | Specified Denominations: | [•] | |
| (ii) | Calculation Amount: | [•] | ||
| 7. | (i) | [Issue Date:] | [•] | |
| (ii) | [Interest Commencement Date:] |
[[•]/Issue Date/Not Applicable] | ||
| 8. | Maturity Date: | [•] | ||
| 9. | Interest Basis: | [[•] per cent. Fixed Rate] [[•] +/- [•] per cent. Floating Rate] [Zero Coupon] |
||
| 10. | Redemption/Payment Basis: | Subject to any purchase and cancellation or early redemption, the Notes will be redeemed on the Maturity Date at 100 per cent. of their principal amount. |
||
| 11. | Change of Interest or Redemption/Payment Basis: |
[Applicable/Not Applicable] | ||
| 12. | Put/Call Options: | [Not Applicable] [Investor Put] [Issuer Call] |
||
| 13. | (i) | Status of the Notes: | [Senior/Subordinated] | |
| (ii) | [Date [Board] approval for issuance of Notes obtained: |
[•]] | ||
| (iii) | [Date of UAE Central Bank |
[•]] |
| approval | for | issuance | of |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subordinated | Notes | ||
| obtained: |
| 14. | Fixed Rate Note Provisions | [Applicable/Not Applicable] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (i) | Rate[(s)] of Interest: | [•] per cent. per annum [payable [annually/semi-annually/quarterly/monthly] in arrear] |
|||
| (ii) | Interest Payment Date(s): | [•] in each year[, subject to adjustment in accordance with the Business Day Convention set out in (viii) below] |
|||
| (iii) | [First Interest Payment Date: | [•]] | |||
| (iv) | Fixed Coupon Amount[(s)]: | [[•] per Calculation Amount/Not Applicable] | |||
| (v) | Broken Amount(s): | [[•]/Not Applicable] | |||
| (vi) | Day Count Fraction: | [30/360] [Actual/Actual (ICMA)] [Actual/365] [Actual/Actual (ISDA)] [Actual/365 (Fixed)] [Actual/360] [30E/360] [Eurobond basis] [with the Calculation Period being [subject to adjustment in accordance with the Business Day Convention set out in (viii) below]/not subject to adjustment in accordance with any Business Day Convention] |
|||
| (vii) | Determination Dates: | [[•] in each year/Not Applicable] | |||
| (viii) | Business Day Convention: | [Floating Rate Convention/Following Business Day Convention/Modified Following Business Day Convention/Preceding Business Day Convention/Not Applicable] |
|||
| 15. | Floating Rate Note Provisions | [Applicable/Not Applicable] | |||
| (i) | Specified Period: | [•] | |||
| (ii) | Specified Interest Payment Dates: |
[•] in each year[, subject to adjustment in accordance with the Business Day Convention set out in (iv) below] |
|||
| (iii) | [First Interest Payment Date: | [•]] |
| (iv) | Business Day Convention: | [Floating Rate Convention/Following Business Day Convention/Modified Following Business Day Convention/Preceding Business Day Convention/Not Applicable] |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (v) | Additional Business Centre(s): |
[[•]/Not Applicable] | ||
| (vi) | Manner in which the Rate(s) of Interest is/are to be determined: |
[Screen Rate Determination not referencing SOFR, SONIA or €STR/Screen Rate Determination referencing SOFR, SONIA or €STR] |
||
| (vii) | Party responsible for calculating the Rate(s) of Interest and Interest Amount(s) (if not the [Fiscal Agent]): |
[[•] shall be the Calculation Agent] | ||
| (viii) | Screen Rate Determination not referencing SOFR, SONIA or €STR: |
[Applicable/Not Applicable] | ||
| • Reference Rate: |
[EURIBOR/SHIBOR/HIBOR/EIBOR/SAIBOR/B BSW/PRIBOR/CNH HIBOR/TLREF/TIBOR/MIBOR/BKBM] |
|||
| • Interest Determination Date(s): |
[•] | |||
| • Relevant Screen Page: |
[•] | |||
| • Relevant Time: |
[[•]/Not Applicable] | |||
| • Relevant Financial Centre: |
[[•]/Not Applicable] | |||
| (ix) | Screen Rate Determination referencing SOFR, SONIA or €STR: |
[Applicable/Not Applicable] | ||
| • Reference Rate: |
[SOFR/SONIA/€STR] | |||
| • Interest Determination Date(s): |
[[•]/The date falling [•] Business Days prior to the first day of each Interest Period/First day of each Interest Period/The [•][first, second, third etc.] Business Day immediately preceding the Interest Payment Date for each Interest Period (or immediately preceding such earlier date, if any, on |
which the Notes are due and payable).][provide details]/The Interest Payment Date at the end of each Interest Period; provided that the Interest Determination Date with respect to the last Interest Period prior to the Maturity Date or the date fixed for redemption will be the Rate Cut-off Date - Include this wording for Payment Delay only]]
| • | Calculation Method: | [Weighted Average/Compounded Daily/SOFR Index/SONIA Index] |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| • | Observation Method: |
[Lag/Lock-out/Observation Shift/Payment Delay/Not Applicable] |
|||
| • | Observation Look Back Period: |
[[•]/Not Applicable] | |||
| • Effective Interest Payment Date: • Rate Cut-off Date: |
[The date falling [•] Business Days following each Interest Payment Date, provided that the Effective Interest Payment Date with respect to the last Applicable Period will be the Maturity Date or, if the Issuer elects to redeem the Notes before the Maturity Date, the date fixed for redemption - used for Payment Delay only]/[Not Applicable] |
||||
| [The date falling [•] Business Days prior to the Maturity Date or the date fixed for redemption, as applicable – used for Payment Delay only]/[Not Applicable] |
|||||
| • | Relevant Number: | [insert number being [two] or greater/Not Applicable] |
|||
| • | D: | [365/360/[•]] | |||
| • | Relevant Screen Page: |
[[•]/Not Applicable]] | |||
| • | Relevant Time: | [•] | |||
| • | Relevant Financial Centre: |
[•] | |||
| (x) | Margin(s): | [•] per cent. per annum | |||
| (xi) | Minimum Rate of Interest: | [•] per cent. per annum | |||
| (xii) | Maximum Rate of Interest: | [•] per cent. per annum | |||
| (xiii) | Day Count Fraction: | [Actual/365 (Fixed)] [Actual/360] [30/360] [30E/360] [Eurobond basis] |
[with the Calculation Period being [subject to
| adjustment in accordance with the Business Day Convention set out in (iv) above]/[not subject to adjustment in accordance with any Business Day Convention]] |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| (xiv) | Linear Interpolation: | [Not Applicable/Applicable – the Rate of Interest for the [long/short] [first/last] Interest Period shall be calculated using Linear Interpolation] |
|
| (xv) | Benchmark Replacement fall back: |
Condition 8(f)(1) (Independent Adviser) is applicable/Condition 8(f)(2) (ARRC) is applicable |
|
| 16. | Zero Coupon Note Provisions | [Applicable/Not Applicable] | |
| (i) | Accrual Yield: | [•] per cent. per annum | |
| (ii) | Reference Price: | [•] | |
| (iii) | Day Count Fraction in relation to Early Redemption Amounts: |
[30/360] [Actual/Actual (ICMA)] [Actual/365] [Actual/Actual (ISDA)] [Actual/365 (Fixed)] [Actual/360] [30/360] [30E/360] [Eurobond basis] [with the Calculation Period being [subject to adjustment in accordance with the Business Day Convention set out in (iv) below]/not subject to adjustment in accordance with any Business Day |
|
| (iv) | Business Day Convention: | Convention] [Floating Rate Convention/Following Business Day Convention/Modified Following Business Day Convention/Preceding Business Day Convention/Not Applicable] |
| 17. | Call Option | [Applicable/Not Applicable] | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (i) | Optional Date(s): |
Redemption | [•] | |
| (ii) Optional Redemption Amount(s) of each Note and method, if any, of calculation of such amount(s): |
[•] per Calculation Amount | |||
| (iii) | If redeemable in part: | |||
| (a) | Minimum | [•] per Calculation Amount |
| Redemption Amount: |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (b) | Maximum Redemption Amount: |
[•] per Calculation Amount | |||
| (iv) | Call option notice period: | [•] | |||
| 18. | Put Option | [Applicable/Not Applicable] | |||
| (i) | Optional Date(s): |
Redemption | [•] | ||
| (ii) | Optional amount(s): |
Redemption Amount(s) and method, if any, of calculation of such |
[•] per Calculation Amount | ||
| (iii) | Put option notice period: | [•] | |||
| 19. | Note | Final Redemption Amount of each | 100 per cent. of their principal amount |
||
| 20. | Early Redemption Amount | [Applicable/Not Applicable] | |||
| Early Redemption Amount(s) of each Note payable on redemption for taxation reasons or on event of |
[•] per Calculation Amount |
default:
| 21. | Form of Notes: | Bearer Notes: |
|---|---|---|
| [Temporary Global Note exchangeable for a Permanent Global Note which is exchangeable for Definitive Notes on [•] days' notice/at any time/in the limited circumstances specified in the Permanent Global Note.] |
||
| [Temporary Global Note exchangeable for Definitive Notes on [•] days' notice.] |
||
| [Permanent Global Note exchangeable for Definitive Notes on [•] days' notice/at any time/in the limited circumstances specified in the Permanent Global Note.] |
||
| Registered Notes: | ||
[Global Registered Notes exchangeable for Individual Registered Notes on [•] days' notice/at any time/in the limited circumstances specified in
| the Global Registered Note.] | ||
|---|---|---|
| 22. | Additional Financial Centre(s): | [[•]/Not Applicable] |
| 23. | Talons for future Coupons or Receipts to be attached to Definitive Notes (and dates on which such Talons mature): |
[Yes/No] |
| 24. | RMB Settlement Centre(s): | [[•]/Not Applicable] |
| 25. | RMB Currency Event: | [Applicable/Not Applicable] |
| 26. | Relevant Currency for Condition 11(k)/12(d): |
[[•]/Not Applicable] |
| 27. | Relevant Spot Rate Screen Pages for Condition 11(k)/12(d): |
(i) Relevant Spot Rate Screen Page (Deliverable Basis): [[•]/Not Applicable] |
| (ii) Relevant Spot Rate Screen Page (Non deliverable Basis): [[•]/Not Applicable] |
||
| 28. | Party responsible for calculating the Spot Rate for Condition 11(k)/12(d): |
[[•] (the "Calculation Agent")/Not Applicable] |
[[•] has been extracted from [•]. The Bank confirms that such information has been accurately reproduced and that, so far as it is aware, and is able to ascertain from information published by [•], no facts have been omitted which would render the reproduced information inaccurate or misleading./Not Applicable]
Signed on behalf of First Abu Dhabi Bank PJSC:
By: By:
Duly Authorised Duly Authorised
| (i) | Listing and admission to trading: | [[Application has been made by the Bank (or on its behalf) for the Notes to be admitted to trading on [•] with effect from [•].] [Application is expected to be made by the Bank (or on its behalf) for the Notes to be admitted to trading on [•] with effect from [•].] |
|---|---|---|
(ii) Estimate of total expenses related to admission to trading: [[•]/[Not Applicable]]
Ratings: [The Notes to be issued have not been rated/The Notes to be issued have been rated:] [Fitch: [•]] [Moody's Cyprus: [•]] [S&P: [•]] [insert details]] by [insert the legal name of the relevant credit rating agency entity(ies) and associated defined terms].
[Each of [•] is established in the European Union and is registered under Regulation (EC) No. 1060/2009 (as amended).]
[Save for any fees payable to the [Managers/Dealers], so far as the Bank is aware, no person involved in the issue of the Notes has an interest material to the offer. The [Managers/Dealers] and their affiliates have engaged, and may in the future engage, in investment banking and/or commercial banking transactions with, and may perform other services for, the Bank and its affiliates in the ordinary course of business for which they may receive fees.]
| (i) | Sustainable Notes: | [Yes, [Green/Social/Sustainability] Notes]/[No] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (ii) | Transition Finance Notes: | [Yes]/[No] | |||
| (iii) | Reasons for the offer: | [See "Use Proceeds" in the Base of Prospectus]/[•] |
|||
| 5. | ESTIMATED NET PROCEEDS | ||||
| [•] | |||||
| 6. | [Fixed Rate Notes only – YIELD |
||||
| Indication of yield: | [•]] | ||||
| 7. | U.S. SELLING RESTRICTIONS | Regulation S Compliance Category 2; [TEFRA C/TEFRA D/TEFRA not applicable] |
|||
| 8. | OPERATIONAL INFORMATION | ||||
| ISIN: | [•] | ||||
| Common Code: | [•] | ||||
| CFI: FISN: Names and addresses of additional Paying Agent(s) (if any): |
[[See/[[include code], as updated, as set out on] the website of the Association of National Numbering Agencies (ANNA) or alternatively sourced from the responsible National Numbering Agency that assigned the ISIN/Not Applicable/Not Available] |
||||
| [[See/[[include code], as updated, as set out on] the website of the Association of National Numbering Agencies (ANNA) or alternatively sourced from the responsible National Numbering Agency that assigned the ISIN/Not Applicable/Not Available] |
|||||
| [[•]/Not Applicable] | |||||
| Any clearing Banking S.A. |
system(s) other than Euroclear Bank SA/NV and Clearstream and the relevant addressees and identification number(s): |
[Not Applicable/give name(s) and number(s) and [addresses]] |
|||
| Delivery: | Delivery [against/free of] payment | ||||
| 9. | DISTRIBUTION | ||||
| (i) | Method of distribution: | [Syndicated/Non-syndicated] |
[PROHIBITION OF SALES TO EEA RETAIL INVESTORS – The Notes are not intended to be offered, sold or otherwise made available to and should not be offered, sold or otherwise made available to any retail investor in the European Economic Area ("EEA"). For these purposes, a retail investor means a person who is one (or more) of: (i) a retail client as defined in point (11) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU (as amended, "MiFID II"); or (ii) a customer within the meaning of Directive (EU) 2016/97 (the "Insurance Distribution Directive"), where that customer would not qualify as a professional client as defined in point (10) of Article 4(1) of MiFID II; or (iii) not a qualified investor as defined in the Prospectus Regulation. Consequently, no key information document required by Regulation (EU) No. 1286/2014 (the "PRIIPs Regulation") for offering or selling the Notes or otherwise making them available to retail investors in the EEA has been prepared and therefore offering or selling the Notes or otherwise making them available to any retail investor in the EEA may be unlawful under the PRIIPs Regulation.]
[PROHIBITION OF SALES TO UK RETAIL INVESTORS – The Notes are not intended to be offered, sold or otherwise made available to and should not be offered, sold or otherwise made available to any retail investor in the United Kingdom. For these purposes, a retail investor means a person who is one (or more) of: (i) a retail client, as defined in point (8) of Article 2 of Regulation (EU) No. 2017/565 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 ("EUWA"); or (ii) a customer within the meaning of the provisions of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (as amended, the "FSMA") and any rules or regulations made under the FSMA to implement Directive (EU) 2016/97, where that customer would not qualify as a professional client, as defined in point (8) of Article 2(1) of Regulation (EU) No 600/2014 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the EUWA; or (iii) not a qualified investor as defined in Article 2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the EUWA. Consequently no key information document required by Regulation (EU) No. 1286/2014 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the EUWA (the "UK PRIIPs Regulation") for offering or selling the Notes or otherwise making them available to retail investors in the United Kingdom has been prepared and therefore offering or selling the Notes or otherwise making them available to any retail investor in the United Kingdom may be unlawful under the UK PRIIPs Regulation.]
[MIFID II/UK MIFIR product governance / target market - [appropriate target market legend to be included]]
[Notification under Section 309B(1)(c) of the Securities and Futures Act 2001 of Singapore, as modified or amended from time to time (the "SFA") - [Notice to be included if classification of the Notes is not "prescribed capital markets products", pursuant to Section 309B of the SFA.]]
Set out below is the form of Pricing Supplement for use in connection with each Tranche of Exempt Notes, whatever the denomination of those Notes, issued by FAB under the Programme.
Pricing Supplement dated [•]
The Financial Conduct Authority has neither approved nor reviewed the information contained in this Pricing Supplement.
[Terms used herein shall be deemed to be defined as such for the purposes of the Conditions (the "Conditions") set forth in the Base Prospectus dated 10 July 2025 [and the supplemental Base Prospectus dated [•]]. This document constitutes the pricing supplement relating to the issue of Notes described herein and must be read in conjunction with the Base Prospectus [and its supplement(s)] in order to obtain all the relevant information.
The Base Prospectus [and the supplemental Base Prospectus] [is] [are] available for viewing at the market news section of the London Stock Exchange website (http://www.londonstockexchange.com/exchange/news/market-news/market-news-home.html) and during normal business hours at the registered offices of the Bank at FAB Building, Khalifa Business Park – Al Qurm District, P.O. Box 6316, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates and the Fiscal Agent at Citigroup Centre, Canada Square, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5LB, United Kingdom.]
Any person making or intending to make an offer of the Notes may only do so in circumstances in which no obligation arises for the Bank or any Dealer to publish a prospectus pursuant to either of Article 3 of the Prospectus Regulation or section 85 of the FSMA or to supplement a prospectus pursuant to either of Article 23 of the Prospectus Regulation or Article 23 of the UK Prospectus Regulation, in each case, in relation to such offer.
[Terms used herein shall be deemed to be defined as such for the purposes of the Terms and Conditions of the Notes (the "Conditions") set forth in the Base Prospectus dated [original date] [and the supplement to it dated [date]] which are incorporated by reference in the Base Prospectus dated 10 July 2025. This document constitutes the final terms of the Notes described herein and must be read in conjunction with the Base Prospectus dated 10 July 2025 [and the supplemental Prospectus dated [•]] in order to obtain all the relevant information. Copies of the Base Prospectus [and the supplemental Prospectuses] and this Pricing Supplement are available for viewing at the market news section of the London Stock Exchange website (www.londonstockexchange.com/exchange/news/market-news/market-news-home.html) and during normal business hours at the normal business hours at the registered offices of the Bank at FAB Building, Khalifa Business Park – Al Qurm District, P.O. Box 6316, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates and the Fiscal Agent at Citigroup Centre, Canada Square, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5LB, United Kingdom.]
| 1. | Issuer: | First Abu Dhabi Bank PJSC | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2. | (i) | [Series Number:] | [•] |
| (ii) | [Tranche Number:] | [•] | |
| (iii) | [Date on which the Notes become fungible:] |
[[•]/Not Applicable] | |
| 3. | Specified Currency or Currencies: [•] |
||
| 4. | Aggregate Principal Amount: |
||
| (i) | [Series:] | [•] | |
(ii) [Tranche:] [•]
| 5. | Issue Price: | [[•] per cent. of the Aggregate Principal Amount [plus accrued interest from [•]]/Not specified] |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| 6. | (i) | Specified Denominations: | [•] |
| (ii) | Calculation Amount: | [•] | |
| 7. | (i) | [Issue Date:] | [•] |
| (ii) | [Interest Commencement Date:] | [[•]/Issue Date/Not Applicable] | |
| 8. | Maturity Date: | [•] | |
| 9. | Interest Basis: | [[•] per cent. Fixed Rate] [[•] +/- [•] per cent. Floating Rate] [Zero Coupon] [specify other] |
|
| 10. | Redemption/Payment Basis: | [Redemption at par] [specify other] |
|
| 11. | Change | of Interest or Redemption/Payment Basis: |
[Applicable/Not Applicable] |
| 12. | Put/Call Options: | [Not Applicable] [Investor Put] [Issuer Call] |
|
| 13. | (i) | Status of the Notes: | [Senior/Subordinated] |
| (ii) | [Date [Board] approval for issuance of Notes obtained: |
[•]] | |
| (iii) | [Date of UAE Central Bank approval for issuance of Subordinated Notes obtained: |
[•]] | |
| PROVISIONS RELATING TO INTEREST (IF ANY) PAYABLE | |||
| 14. | Fixed Rate Note Provisions | [Applicable/Not Applicable] | |
| (i) | Rate[(s)] of Interest: | [•] per cent. per annum [payable [annually/semi-annually/quarterly/monthly] in arrear] |
|
| (ii) | Interest Payment Date(s): | [•] in each year[, subject to adjustment in accordance with the Business Day Convention set out in (viii) below] |
|
| (iii) | [First Interest Payment Date: | [•]] |
(iv) Fixed Coupon Amount[(s)]: [[•] per Calculation Amount/Not Applicable]
| (v) | Broken Amount(s): | [[•]/Not Applicable] | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (vi) Day Count Fraction: |
[30/360] [Actual/Actual (ICMA)] [Actual/365] [Actual/Actual (ISDA)] [Actual/365 (Fixed)] [Actual/360] [30E/360] [Eurobond basis] |
|||
| [with the Calculation Period being [subject to adjustment in accordance with the Business Day Convention set out in (viii) below]/not subject to adjustment in accordance with any Business Day Convention] |
||||
| (vii) | Determination Dates: | [[•] in each year/Not Applicable] | ||
| (viii) | Business Day Convention: | [Floating Rate Convention/Following Business Day Convention/Modified Following Business Day Convention/Preceding Business Day Convention/Not Applicable] |
||
| (ix) | Other terms relating to the method of calculating interest for Fixed Rate Notes which are Exempt Notes: |
[Not Applicable]/[give details] | ||
| 15. | Floating Rate Note Provisions | [Applicable/Not Applicable] | ||
| (i) | Specified Period: | [•] | ||
| (ii) | Specified Interest Payment Dates: | [•] in each year[, subject to adjustment in accordance with the Business Day Convention set out in (iv) below] |
||
| (iii) | [First Interest Payment Date: | [•]] | ||
| (iv) | Business Day Convention: | [Floating Rate Convention/Following Business Day Convention/Modified Following Business Day Convention/Preceding Business Day Convention/Not Applicable] |
||
| (v) | Additional Business Centre(s): | [[•]/Not Applicable] | ||
| (vi) | Manner in which the Rate(s) of Interest is/are to be determined: |
[Screen Rate Determination not referencing SOFR, SONIA or €STR/Screen Rate Determination referencing SOFR, SONIA or €STR/[•]] |
||
| (vii) | Party responsible for calculating the Rate(s) of Interest and Interest |
[[•] shall be the Calculation Agent] |
| Agent]): | Amount(s) (if not the [Fiscal | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| (viii) | referencing €STR: |
Screen Rate Determination not SOFR, SONIA or |
[Applicable/Not Applicable] |
| • | Reference Rate: | [EURIBOR/SHIBOR/HIBOR/EIBOR/SAIBO R/BBSW/PRIBOR/CNH HIBOR/TLREF/TIBOR/MIBOR/ BKBM/[specify other Reference Rate]] |
|
| • | Interest Determination Date(s): |
[•] | |
| • | Relevant Screen Page: | [•] | |
| • | Relevant Time: | [•] | |
| • | Relevant Financial Centre: |
[•] | |
| (ix) | Screen Rate Determination referencing SOFR, SONIA or €STR: |
[Applicable/Not Applicable] | |
| • | Reference Rate: | [SOFR/SONIA/€STR] | |
| • | Interest Determination Date(s): |
[[•]/The date falling [•] Business Days prior to the first day of each Interest Period/First day of each Interest Period/The [•][first, second, third etc.] Business Day immediately preceding the Interest Payment Date for each Interest Period (or immediately preceding such earlier date, if any, on which the Notes are due and payable).][provide details]/The Interest Payment Date at the end of each Interest Period; provided that the Interest Determination Date with respect to the last Interest Period prior to the Maturity Date or the date fixed for redemption will be the Rate Cut off Date - Include this wording for Payment Delay only]] |
|
| • | Calculation Method: | [Weighted Average/Compounded Daily/SOFR Index/SONIA Index] |
|
| • | Observation Method: | [Lag/Lock-out/Observation Shift/Payment Delay/Not Applicable] |
|
| • | Observation Look-Back Period: |
[[•]/Not Applicable] | |
| • | Effective Interest Payment Date: |
[The date falling [•] Business Days following each Interest Payment Date, provided that the Effective Interest Payment Date with respect to the last Applicable Period will be the Maturity |
Date or, if the Issuer elects to redeem the Notes
| before the Maturity Date, the date fixed for redemption – used for Payment Delay only]/[Not Applicable] |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| • | Rate Cut-off Date: | [The date falling [•] Business Days prior to the Maturity Date or the date fixed for redemption, as applicable – used for Payment Delay only]/Not Applicable] |
||
| • | Relevant Number: | [insert number being [two] or greater/Not Applicable] |
||
| • | D: | [365/360/[•]] | ||
| • | Relevant Screen Page: | [[•]/Not Applicable]] | ||
| • | Relevant Time: | [•] | ||
| • | Relevant Centre: |
Financial | [•] | |
| (x) | Margin(s): | [•] per cent. per annum | ||
| (xi) | Minimum Rate of Interest: | [•] per cent. per annum | ||
| (xii) | Maximum Rate of Interest: | [•] per cent. per annum | ||
| (xiii) | Day Count Fraction: | [Actual/Actual (ICMA)] [Actual/365] [Actual/Actual (ISDA)] [Actual/365 (Fixed)] [Actual/360] [30/360] [30E/360] [Eurobond Basis] [specify other] |
||
| [with the Calculation Period being [subject to adjustment in accordance with the Business Day Convention set out in (iv) above/not subject to adjustment in accordance with any Business Day Convention]] |
||||
| (xiv) | Fallback provisions, rounding provisions, denominator and any other terms relating to the method of calculating interest on Floating Rate Notes which are Exempt Notes, if different from those set out in the Conditions: |
[Not Applicable/[specify]] | ||
| (xv) | Linear Interpolation: | [Not Applicable/Applicable – the Rate of Interest for the [long/short] [first/last] Interest Period shall be calculated using Linear Interpolation] |
| (xvi) | Benchmark back: |
Replacement | fall | Condition 8(f)(1) (Independent Adviser) is applicable/Condition 8(f)(2) (ARRC) is applicable |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16. | Zero Coupon Note Provisions | [Applicable/Not Applicable] | |||
| (i) | Accrual Yield: | [•] per cent. per annum | |||
| (ii) | Reference Price: | [•] | |||
| (iii) | Day Count Fraction in relation to Early Redemption Amounts: |
[30/360] [Actual/Actual (ICMA)] [Actual/365] [Actual/Actual (ISDA)] [Actual/365 (Fixed)] [Actual/360] [30/360] [30E/360] [Eurobond basis] [other] [specify other] [with the Calculation Period being [subject to adjustment in accordance with the Business Day Convention set out in (iv) below]/not |
|||
| subject to adjustment in accordance with any Business Day Convention] |
|||||
| (iv) | Business Day Convention: | [Floating Rate Convention/Following Business Day Convention/Modified Following Business Day Convention/Preceding Business Day Convention/Not Applicable] |
|||
| (v) | Any other Exempt Notes: |
formula/basis determining amounts payable for Zero Coupon Notes which are |
for | [•] | |
| PROVISIONS RELATING TO REDEMPTION | |||||
| 17. | Call Option | [Applicable/Not Applicable] | |||
| (i) | Optional Redemption Date(s): | [•] | |||
| (ii) | Optional Redemption Amount(s) of each Note and method, if any, of calculation of such amount(s): |
[[•] per Calculation Amount/[specify other]] | |||
| (iii) | If redeemable in part: | ||||
| (a) Amount: |
Minimum Redemption | [•] per Calculation Amount |
| (b) | Maximum Redemption Amount: |
[•] per Calculation Amount | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (iv) | Call option notice period: | [•] | ||
| 18. | Put Option | [Applicable/Not Applicable] | ||
| (i) | Optional Redemption Date(s): | [•] | ||
| (ii) | Optional Redemption Amount(s) and method, if any, of calculation of such amount(s): |
[[•] per Calculation Amount/[specify other]] | ||
| (iii) | Put option notice period: | [•] | ||
| 19. | Final Redemption Amount of each Note | [[•] per Calculation Amount/[specify other]] | ||
| 20. | Early Redemption Amount | [Applicable/Not Applicable] | ||
| Early Redemption Amount(s) of each Note payable on redemption for taxation reasons or on event of default or other |
[[•] per Calculation Amount/[specify other]] |
early redemption:
| 21. | Form of Notes: | Bearer Notes: |
|---|---|---|
| [Temporary Global Note exchangeable for a Permanent Global Note which is exchangeable for Definitive Notes on [•] days' notice/at any time/in the limited circumstances specified in the Permanent Global Note.] |
||
| [Temporary Global Note exchangeable for Definitive Notes on [•] days' notice.] |
||
| [Permanent Global Note exchangeable for Definitive Notes on [•] days' notice/at any time/in the limited circumstances specified in the Permanent Global Note.] |
||
| Registered Notes: | ||
| [Global Registered Notes exchangeable for Individual Registered Notes on [•] days' notice/at any time/in the limited circumstances specified in the Global Registered Note] |
| 22. | Additional Financial Centre(s): | [[•]/Not Applicable] | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23. | Talons for future Coupons or Receipts to be attached to Definitive Notes (and dates on which such Talons mature): |
[Yes/No] | ||
| 24. | RMB Settlement Centre(s): | [[•]/Not Applicable] | ||
| 25. | RMB Currency Event: | [Applicable/Not Applicable] | ||
| 26. | Relevant Currency for Condition 11(k)/12(d): |
[[•]/Not Applicable] | ||
| 27. | Relevant Spot Rate Screen Pages for Condition 11(k)/12(d): |
(i) Relevant Spot Rate Screen Page (Deliverable Basis): [[•]/Not Applicable] |
||
| (ii) Relevant Spot Rate Screen Page (Non-deliverable Basis): [[•]/Not Applicable] |
||||
| 28. | Party responsible for calculating the Spot Rate for Condition 11(k)/12(d): |
[[•] (the "Calculation Agent")/Not Applicable] |
||
| 29. | Other terms or special conditions: | [[•]/Not Applicable] | ||
| Signed on behalf of First Abu Dhabi Bank PJSC: |
| By: | By: | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Duly Authorised | Duly Authorised |
(i) Listing and admission to trading: [The Notes to be issued are unlisted]/[•]
[[•]/[Not Applicable]]
(ii) Estimate of total expenses related to admission to trading:
Ratings: [The Notes to be issued have not been rated/The Notes to be issued have been rated:] [Fitch: [•]] [Moody's Cyprus: [•]] [S&P: [•]] [insert details]] by [insert the legal name of the relevant credit rating agency entity(ies) and associated defined terms].
[Each of [•] is established in the European Union and is registered under Regulation (EC) No. 1060/2009 (as amended).]
[Save for any fees payable to the [Managers/Dealers], so far as the Bank is aware, no person involved in the issue of the Notes has an interest material to the offer. The [Managers/Dealers] and their affiliates have engaged, and may in the future engage, in investment banking and/or commercial banking transactions with, and may perform other services for, the Bank and its affiliates in the ordinary course of business for which they may receive fees.]
| (i) | Sustainable Notes: | [Yes,[Green/Social/Sustainability] Notes]/[No] |
|---|---|---|
| (ii) | Transition Finance Notes: | [Yes]/[No] |
| (iii) | Reasons for the offer: | [See "Use of Proceeds" in the Base Prospectus]/[•] |
[•]
Indication of yield: [•]]
| (i) Method of distribution: |
[Syndicated/Non-Syndicated] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (ii) | (A) | If syndicated, names of Managers: |
[Not Applicable/[•]] | ||
| (B) | Stabilisation Manager(s) (if any): |
[Not Applicable/[•]] | |||
| (iii) | If | non-syndicated, name of relevant Dealer: |
[Not Applicable/[•]] | ||
| (iv) | U.S. Selling Restrictions: | [Reg S. Compliance Category [1/2]; TEFRA D/TEFRA C/TEFRA not applicable] |
|||
| (v) | Additional Selling Restrictions: | [Not Applicable/[•]] | |||
| (vi) | Prohibition of Sales to EEA Retail Investors: |
[Applicable/Not Applicable] | |||
| (vii) | Kingdom | Prohibition of Sales to United Retail Investors: |
[Applicable/Not Applicable] | ||
| 8. | OPERATIONAL INFORMATION | ||||
| ISIN: | [•] | ||||
| Common Code: | [•] | ||||
| CFI: | [[See/[[include code], as updated, as set out on] the website of the Association of National Numbering Agencies (ANNA) or alternatively sourced from the responsible National Numbering Agency that assigned the ISIN/Not Applicable/Not Available] |
||||
| FISN: | [[See/[[include code], as updated, as set out on] the website of the Association of National Numbering Agencies (ANNA) or alternatively sourced from the responsible National Numbering Agency that assigned the ISIN/Not Applicable/Not Available] |
||||
| Names and addresses of additional Paying Agent(s) (if any): |
[•] | ||||
| Any Banking S.A. |
clearing | system(s) other than Euroclear Bank SA/NV and Clearstream, and the relevant addresses and identification number(s): |
[Not Applicable/give name(s) and number(s) and [addresses]] |
Delivery: Delivery [against/free of] payment
[[•] has been extracted from [•]. The Bank confirms that such information has been accurately reproduced and that, so far as it is aware and is able to ascertain from information published by [•], no facts have been omitted which would render the reproduced information inaccurate or misleading]/[Not Applicable]
Save in respect of Sustainable Notes and Transition Finance Notes, the net proceeds from each issue of Notes will be applied by the Bank for its general corporate purposes or for any other purpose specified in the relevant Final Terms or Pricing Supplement, as the case may be.
If the applicable Final Terms (or the applicable Pricing Supplement in the case of Exempt Notes) specify the relevant Tranche of Sustainable Notes as "Green Notes", the net proceeds of such Sustainable Notes will be applied to fund or refinance, in whole or in part, a portfolio of Eligible Projects in the eligible categories identified as "Green" in the Sustainable Finance Framework ("Green Notes").
If the applicable Final Terms (or the applicable Pricing Supplement in the case of Exempt Notes) specify the relevant Tranche of Sustainable Notes as "Social Notes", the net proceeds of such Sustainable Notes will be applied to fund or refinance, in whole or in part, a portfolio of Eligible Projects in the eligible categories identified as "Social" in the Sustainable Finance Framework ("Social Notes").
If the applicable Final Terms (or the applicable Pricing Supplement in the case of Exempt Notes) specify the relevant Tranche of Sustainable Notes as "Sustainability Notes", the net proceeds of such Notes will be applied to fund or refinance, in whole or in part, a portfolio of Eligible Projects in any combination of eligible categories set out in the Sustainable Finance Framework ("Sustainability Notes").
If the applicable Final Terms (or the applicable Pricing Supplement in the case of Exempt Notes) specify the relevant Tranche of Notes as "Transition Finance Notes", the net proceeds of such Notes will be applied to fund or refinance, in whole or in part, a portfolio of Eligible Projects in the eligible categories identified as "Transition Finance" in the Sustainable Finance Framework ("Transition Finance Notes").
Green Notes, Social Notes and Sustainability Notes are collectively referred to in this Base Prospectus as "Sustainable Notes".
Each issuance of Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes will be subject to, and in accordance with, the terms, provisions and methodologies described in the Sustainable Finance Framework. For further information regarding the Sustainable Finance Framework, see "Description of the Group – Group ESG Policy – Sustainable Finance Framework".
FAB is a public joint stock company and is the result of the Merger of NBAD and FGB which was effected on the Effective Date. The Merger was effected in accordance with the provisions of Article 291 of the UAE Federal Law No. 2 of 2015 Concerning Commercial Companies (the "CCL"), pursuant to which FGB was dissolved and its shares were delisted from the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange (the "ADX") on the Effective Date. NBAD, as the surviving corporate entity and the legal successor of FGB, automatically assumed all assets and liabilities of FGB with effect from the Effective Date.
On 24 April 2017, the shareholders of NBAD passed the necessary resolutions at its general assembly meeting to approve a change in its registered name to "First Abu Dhabi Bank PJSC". On 25 April 2017, the requisite regulatory approvals to effect the change of name were received by NBAD from the UAE Securities and Commodities Authority (the "SCA"). Accordingly, the change of name to "First Abu Dhabi Bank PJSC" became effective from 25 April 2017.
As at the date of this Base Prospectus, FAB's principal shareholder was the Government, which indirectly held approximately 37.9 per cent. of the issued and outstanding shares of FAB through the wholly-owned MIC.2
The Group is a full-service bank and its core businesses include consumer, wholesale, treasury and Islamic banking capabilities. The Group is primarily a regionally focussed banking group, offering its consumer, wholesale, treasury and Islamic banking products and services within the UAE and the wider MENA region. Additionally, as at the date of this Base Prospectus, the Group has an international presence across five continents through its subsidiaries or affiliate entities and its branches and representative offices.
As at the date of this Base Prospectus, FAB has been assigned long-term credit ratings of AA- with stable outlook by Fitch, AA- with stable outlook by S&P and Aa3 with stable outlook by Moody's.
As at 31 March 2025, the Group was the largest bank in the UAE, in addition to being the second largest bank in the GCC, in each case by total assets (source: the Interim Financial Information and the publicly available financial statements of the Group's main domestic and regional competitors for the three months ended 31 March 2025). As at 31 March 2025, the Group had total assets of AED 1,306.6 billion, loans, advances and Islamic financing of AED 548.3 billion and customer accounts and other deposits of AED 838.7 billion. For the three months ended 31 March 2025, the Group's net profit for the period was AED 5.1 billion.
The Group operates under the following business segments for financial reporting purposes:
• Investment Banking & Markets: the Investment Banking & Markets segment provides institutional and public sector clients with a broad range of banking and financing solutions including corporate and Islamic finance, capital markets, trade, liquidity, cash management services and global markets products. It also carries out market-making, risk management and investment management activities for the Group. For the three months ended 31 March 2025, AED 3.1 billion, or 34.8 per cent. of the Group's operating income, and AED 2.7 billion, or 43.3 per cent. of the Group's profit before taxation for the period, was attributable to the Investment Banking & Markets segment;
2 With effect from September 2021, MIC holds FAB's shares through One Hundred and Fifteenth Investment Company – Sole Proprietorship L.L.C. (which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of MIC). Prior to September 2021, MIC held FAB's shares through ADIC PJSC and Mamoura Diversified Global Holding PJSC (formerly known as Mubadala Development Company PJSC) (each of which was a wholly-owned subsidiary of MIC).
For further details on the Group's reporting segments, see "Description of the Group – Strategy".
FAB is registered in accordance with the CCL and is licensed to operate as a commercial bank in the UAE and is regulated by the UAE Central Bank. FAB's registered office is at FAB Building, Khalifa Business Park – Al Qurm District, P.O. Box 6316, Abu Dhabi, UAE and its telephone number is +971 (0) 2 305 3012.
The Group operates branches and pay offices and a network of automated teller machines in the UAE, with the majority located in Abu Dhabi and Dubai. Additionally, as at 31 March 2025, the Group had an international presence across five continents through its subsidiaries or affiliate entities and its branches and representative offices. The Group also offers services to individuals and corporate customers through a diverse range of alternate distribution channels including its internet banking, phone and SMS (short message service) banking systems and through the Group's mobile apps.
On 9 June 2023, FAB had entered into an agreement with affiliates of Brookfield Asset Management ("Brookfield"), together with other co-investors, for the acquisition by BCP VI Neptune Bidco Holdings Limited of Network International Holdings Plc ("Network") for AED 10.3 billion (GBP 2.2 billion). Pursuant to the effectiveness of the Scheme of Arrangement (under Part 26 of the UK Companies Act 2006), on 17 September 2024, FAB alongside Brookfield and other co-investors acquired 100 per cent. of the share capital of Network (the "Network International Acquisition") through BCP VI Neptune Bidco Holdings Limited.
Under the terms of the agreement, FAB and other parties provided equity funding and interim and revolving financing facilities to facilitate the Network International Acquisition. Additionally, FAB entered into an agreement with Brookfield and other co-investors to transfer its investment in BCP Growth Holdings Limited in exchange for a convertible loan instrument that will convert into an equity investment in Neptune Project Holding 1 Limited (UAE) ("NPH1") following receipt of necessary regulatory clearances. Upon completion of the conversion, FAB will hold an effective holding of approximately 34 per cent. in NPH1. In the interim period, the convertible loan instrument will provide FAB with an economic interest equivalent to its anticipated final effective holding of approximately 34 per cent. in NPH1. Accordingly, the shareholding in NPH1 has been recognised as an investment in an associate during the period ended 31 December 2024.
As at 31 March 2025, the Group had total assets of AED 1,306.6 billion, loans, advances and Islamic financing of AED 548.3 billion and customer accounts and other deposits to AED 838.7 billion, making the Group the largest financial institution in the UAE and the second largest in the GCC, in each case by total assets, according to the Interim Financial Information and FAB's evaluation of publicly available financial statements of the Group's main domestic and regional competitors for the three months ended 31 March 2025.
In the UAE, the Group has a broad portfolio of conventional and Islamic consumer and wholesale products, an extensive distribution network and well-established relationships with its broad client base. The Group has one of the largest customer bases in the UAE and maintains one of the largest domestic distribution networks. This distribution network offers significant opportunities to attract additional clients and further expand the Group's range of products and services to existing clients.
The Group's dominant market position throughout the UAE and wider GCC region reflects the Group's focus on high quality customer service, creation of innovative products and services, in addition to, the strength of its offering and its established track record in both consumer and wholesale banking.
The Group has an international presence across five continents through its subsidiaries or affiliate entities and its branches and representative offices. This broad geographical footprint provides opportunities for FAB to grow its product and service offering, in addition to developing its existing client base and leveraging off the Group's well established domestic operations.
In May 2021, FAB completed the acquisition of Bank Audi SAE (Egypt) ("Bank Audi") from Bank Audi SAL (Lebanon). The acquisition was effected to accelerate the Group's expansion in a highpotential market. The legal merger completed in June 2022 and the Group commenced operating under a newly introduced brand identity "FABMisr". By November 2022, Bank Audi and the Group's existing operations in Egypt had been fully integrated and operate under the single "FABMisr" brand.
In March 2022, the Group opened a branch in Shanghai with a focus on bridging trade and investment flows between the UAE and the MENA region with mainland China. In March 2022, the Group also announced the opening of a representative office in Iraq, serving as a strategic addition to the Group's geographical footprint as one of the UAE's most important trading partners.
As at 31 March 2025, the Group had a total capital adequacy ratio of 17.2 per cent., a Tier 1 capital adequacy ratio of 15.1 per cent. and a Common Equity Tier 1 ("CET 1") capital adequacy ratio of 13.5 per cent., calculated in each case in accordance with UAE Central Bank guidelines.
As part of the gradual introduction of Basel III in the UAE, and pursuant to the "Regulations re Capital Adequacy" published by the UAE Central Bank in the UAE official gazette (the "Official Gazette") issue 612, which were effective from 1 February 2017, (the "February 2017 Regulations") and the accompanying standards entitled "Standards for Capital Adequacy of Banks in the UAE" which were published by the UAE Central Bank on 12 November 2020 by virtue of Notice No. CBUAE/BSD/N/2020/4980, FAB is required by the UAE Central Bank to maintain a minimum total capital adequacy ratio of 15.0 per cent. Included within this UAE Central Bank prescribed minimum total capital adequacy ratio, FAB, as a domestically systemic important bank ("D-SIB"), is required, effective from May 2024 to maintain a D-SIB buffer of 2.0 per cent. of CET 1. A capital conservation buffer of 2.5 per cent. of CET 1 is also included within this minimum total capital adequacy ratio of 15.0 per cent. In addition to this minimum capital adequacy ratio, a counter-cyclical buffer is applicable to FAB, which is determined on the basis of the geographical distribution of risk-weighted assets and the counter-cyclical capital buffer applicable in such jurisdictions. Furthermore, the planned implementation of certain Basel III capital requirements has been phased in gradually in stages from 31 March 2021 to 30 June 2022.
The Group's capital adequacy ratio has been bolstered by the issuance by each of NBAD and FGB of AED 4.0 billion of Tier 1 capital notes in February 2009 and FAB's issuance of U.S.\$750 million perpetual additional Tier 1 capital securities in October 2020, which are accounted for as equity in accordance with IAS 32 "Financial Instruments – Presentation". The Group also maintains a strong liquidity position with a LCR of 132.4 per cent. and loan to deposit ratio of 65.4 per cent. as at 31 March 2025. As at 31 March 2025, the Group had cash and balances with central banks of AED 265.5 billion.
The LCR requires that banks have sufficient HQLAs in their liquidity buffer to cover the difference between expected cash outflows and expected capped cash inflows over a 30-day stressed period. Basel III requires that the minimum value of the ratio is 100 per cent. (i.e., an institution's stock of HQLAs should at least equal total net cash outflows). The UAE Central Bank introduced this requirement for UAE banks. As at 31 March 2025, the Group held a portfolio of net HQLAs valued at AED 413.9 billion and had a LCR of 132.4 per cent. FAB believes that its adherence to the LCR criteria will ensure that it is well equipped to absorb any unanticipated systemic shocks to the UAE or MENA economies or banking sectors. See also "Risk Factors – Factors that may affect FAB's ability to fulfil its obligations in respect of the Notes – Liquidity risks – The Group's cash flow from its operations may not be sufficient at all times to meet its contractual and contingent payment obligations".
FAB believes that the benefits of its strong capital and liquidity profile will, principally, be two-fold; with its sound capital base and a well-diversified business mix and funding profile better positioning the Group to meet increasing regulatory demands, while the Group's larger capital base and increased underwriting capacity will enable it to better serve UAE corporates with international ambitions and to better support international companies operating in the UAE.
As at the date of this Base Prospectus, FAB's principal shareholder was the Government, which indirectly held approximately 37.9 per cent. of the issued and outstanding shares of FAB through MIC.3
The Government was instrumental in the founding of NBAD and in supporting the Merger, with each of NBAD and FGB maintaining very strong working relationships with the Government, a situation which has continued post-Merger. Government support for the Group (and, historically, for NBAD and FGB) has typically manifested itself in many ways such as Government controlled entities engaging the Group (and, formerly, NBAD and FGB) in new business opportunities and remaining as longstanding clients of each institution. Furthermore, in common with other regional governments, the Government provided financial support to its local banks, including each of NBAD and FGB, during the 2008 global financial crisis which helped domestic banks to maintain liquidity and achieve a high capital adequacy ratio, well above the UAE Central Bank guidelines. The historic financial support and continued strong business relationships with the Government has, historically, helped to stabilise the
3 With effect from September 2021, MIC holds FAB's shares through One Hundred and Fifteenth Investment Company – Sole Proprietorship L.L.C. (which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of MIC). Prior to September 2021, MIC held FAB's shares through ADIC PJSC and Mamoura Diversified Global Holding PJSC (formerly known as Mubadala Development Company PJSC) (each of which was a wholly-owned subsidiary of MIC).
performance of each of NBAD and FGB in turbulent economic periods and to enhance customer and market confidence in these institutions.
Although there can be no assurance that the Government will continue to support the Group in the same manner as it has done historically (including, prior to the Merger, each of NBAD and FGB), the Group's management believes that the Group's relationship with the Government remains strong and is unlikely to change in the foreseeable future.
The Group provides a comprehensive range of both conventional and Islamic banking products and services to its customer base, therefore diversifying income sources as well as offering the Group the opportunity to grow its balance sheet and strengthen its position in its core UAE market. As a fullservice bank, the Group has wider access to a more diverse customer base than its domestic competitor banks that offer either purely conventional products or, as the case may be, purely Islamic products. This product flexibility provides the Group with a greater ability to cross-sell an enhanced product and service offering than many of its domestic competitors, providing a strong platform from which the Group can continue to drive revenue growth and increased profitability.
FAB believes that it has a strong and experienced Board (as defined in "Management") and an executive team with a proven track record in the UAE and international banking sectors.
The Group's strategy is supported by the executive management team's broad expertise in the region, proven record for implementing industry leading initiatives, and by its focus on best practices and customer service. See further "Description of the Group – Strategy". Details of the Board and executive management are set out under "Management".
The Group has a well-diversified loan portfolio and limited foreign exchange risk. It has invested, and continues to invest, significantly in improving its risk management procedures. Post-Merger, and as a function of the size and financial strength of the Group, the Group's management plans to commit even greater resources and investment to the internal risk management, compliance and control functions. As at 31 March 2025, the Group had NPLs of AED 18.3 billion and, for the three months ended 31 March 2025, carried impairment allowances of AED 18 billion4 . As at 31 March 2025, the Group's NPL ratio was 3.3 per cent.
The group's management believes that the levels of impairment allowances for impaired loans as at 31 March 2025 were sufficient to cover the Group's potential credit losses as at that date. As at 31 March 2025, the Group's provision coverage ratio was 98 per cent.
As the largest full-service bank in the UAE by total assets, customer loans, advances and deposits (according to the Interim Financial Information and FAB's evaluation of publicly available financial statements of the Group's main domestic and regional competitors for the three months ended 31 March 2025), the Group offers an extensive range of products and services to meet the banking needs of its wholesale and retail banking customers.
4 The Group carries impairment allowance in the statement of financial position included in its Interim Financial Statements.
As part of its overarching strategic goal, FAB aims to defend and grow its dominant position in the UAE market as well as continue to strengthen its international network. It aims to offer diversified product solutions to be able to fulfil the financial needs of all its customer segments. Further, in order to future proof its growth ambitions, FAB is focused on digital transformation as part of its long-term development plans. In addition, FAB wants to partner with its clients and play a pivotal role in driving the transition to a safe and sustainable future.
During the first quarter of 2025, the Group reorganised its operating segments in line with its customercentric strategy, resulting in changes to the composition and reporting of the Bank's operating segments.
The Group's operating structure consists of four key operating segments across geographic regions, driving strategy, customer value propositions, product and channel development, and customer relationships, while supporting the Group's financial performance. The Group has three distinctive business lines to create a differentiated and distinct experience for its customers:
As at the date of this Base Prospectus, all Shari'a compliant activities and business of the Group are offered through the Group's Islamic banking window which operates under the "FAB Islamic" brand.
The Group will continue to operate FAB Islamic and offer Islamic banking products and services across FAB's business segments. As at 31 March 2025, FAB Islamic was one of the largest Islamic banking windows in the UAE in terms of asset size.
The Group believes that FAB Islamic is well positioned and will enable the Group to capitalise on opportunities arising from the growth in the domestic and regional Islamic banking sector.
FAB's principal subsidiary entities operate across real estate investment, brokerage and fund management, and include the following subsidiaries: Mismak, FAB Securities, FGLB and FABMISR.
The Group's real estate investment and development activities are contained within Mismak Properties Co. LLC ("Mismak"). Mismak and First Merchant International LLC are legacy FGB subsidiaries and are wholly-owned subsidiaries of FAB.
Mismak provides asset management and advisory services in circumstances where a client is in default and the Group's real estate subsidiaries (including Mismak) take over the management of real estate assets which have been pledged as collateral.
FAB Securities Sole Proprietorship LLC ("FAB Securities") is the Group's securities brokerage firm, licensed by SCA. FAB Securities is one of the leading brokerage service providers in the UAE operating through two active branches across the UAE in addition to its own dedicated e-trading platform. FAB Securities trades across the ADX, the Dubai Financial Market, selected markets in the GCC and other international markets. FAB Securities offers clients access to various asset classes including equities and fixed income. In addition to securities trade execution, FAB Securities provides market research and coverage for its institutional and qualified individual clients.
First Gulf Libyan Bank ("FGLB") is a fully fledged commercial bank in Tripoli, Libya and was established following the signing of a memorandum of understanding between FAB and the Economic & Social Development Fund Libya, on 4 September 2007. FGLB is owned equally by FAB and Alenmaa for Financial Investment Holding Company ("AFIHC"), Libya with each holding 50 per cent. of FGLB's shares. The paid-up capital of FGLB is 260 million Libyan Dinar. The FGLB board consists of a total of seven members with a majority (four members) from FAB, and FGLB is fully managed by FAB as per the agreement signed between FAB and AFIHC. Therefore, FGLB is classified as a subsidiary of FAB.
First Abu Dhabi Bank Misr S.A.E. ("FABMISR") is a subsidiary of the Group and one of the largest foreign banks operating in Egypt. Its local network operates through 72 branches, as at 31 March 2025, where it provides banking products and services that cater to all customer segments. In April 2021, FAB acquired 100 per cent. of Bank Audi sae (Egypt), which was an Egyptian subsidiary of Lebanon-based Bank Audi. Post-acquisition, Bank Audi sae (Egypt) was merged with FAB's existing Egyptian operations, with the legal merger completed in June 2022 and the resultant entity rebranded as 'FABMISR'. The integration process was completed in October 2022.
FAB's share capital is listed on the ADX and, as at 31 March 2025, had a market capitalisation of U.S.\$41.57 billion. As at 31 March 2025, FAB's authorised, issued and paid-up share capital comprised 11,047,612,688 shares with a nominal value of AED 1 each.
As at the date of this Base Prospectus, FAB's principal shareholder was the Government, which indirectly held approximately 37.9 per cent. of the issued and outstanding shares of FAB through MIC.5
5 With effect from September 2021, MIC holds FAB's shares through One Hundred and Fifteenth Investment Company – Sole Proprietorship L.L.C. (which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of MIC). Prior to September 2021, MIC held FAB's shares through ADIC PJSC and Mamoura Diversified Global Holding PJSC (formerly known as Mubadala Development Company PJSC) (each of which was a wholly-owned subsidiary of MIC).
The Group reported net profit for the period of AED 5.1 billion for the three months ended 31 March 2025, while total net interest income and income from Islamic financing and investing products was AED 5.0 billion for the same period. Net fee and commission income was AED 1.2 billion for the three months ended 31 March 2025, with operating income of AED 8.8 billion and general, administration and other operating expenses of AED 2.0 billion for the same period. Annualised return on tangible equity for the three months ended 31 March 2025 was 20.4 per cent. and the cost to income ratio for the three months ended 31 March 2025 was 22.3 per cent.6
The following table shows the breakdown, by the division indicated, of FAB's profit before taxation for the three month period ended 31 March 2025:
| Profit before taxation for the three months ended 31 March 2025 |
|
|---|---|
| (AED millions) | |
| Investment Banking & Markets | 2,653 |
| Wholesale Banking |
1,014 |
| Personal, Business, Wealth, and Privileged Client Banking Group | 1,899 |
| Head Office | 599 |
| Total | 6,125 |
The Group's loans, advances and Islamic financing was AED 548.3 billion as at 31 March 2025. The distribution of the Group's financing portfolio across economic sectors is oriented towards real estate, energy, other financial institutions, transport and communication, and trading, which is in line with the domestic economy.
The following table provides a breakdown of the Group's gross loans, advances and Islamic financing by counterparty as at 31 March 2025:
| As at 31 March 2025 |
|
|---|---|
| (AED millions) | |
| Government sector | 75,206 |
| Public sector | 79,410 |
| Banking sector |
24,456 |
| Corporate/private sector | 304,710 |
| Personal/retail sector | 86,718 |
| Gross loans, advances and Islamic financing | 570,500 |
| Less: interest in suspense |
(8,159) |
| Less: expected credit losses |
(14,076) |
| Net loans, advances and Islamic financing | 548,265 |
The Group's loans, advances and Islamic financing contains a high proportion of loans, advances and Islamic financing to the government and public sector entities. As at 31 March 2025, 27.1 per cent. of gross loans, advances and Islamic financing were to government and public sector entities. This
6 Cost-to-income ratio excluding Magnati-related gains.
concentration of lending reflects the historically close relationship between each of NBAD and FGB and government and public sector entities.
Approximately 12.2. per cent. of the Group's loans and advances was denominated in foreign currency (excluding U.S. dollars) as at 31 March 2025. The Group has implemented risk management methods to mitigate and control these foreign currency risks along with other market risks to which the Group is exposed. See further "Risk Management".
The Group maintains a securities portfolio (both trading and investment) of high credit quality. The Group has a Board approved comprehensive risk appetite for these portfolios and they are managed and limited by value-at-risk ("VaR"), notional exposure, credit spread and interest rate sensitivities, geographic and single name exposure concentrations. See further "Risk Management".
The Group has no direct exposure to collateralised debt obligations, structured investment vehicles and other sub-prime related issues. The securities portfolios are concentrated in the European and MENA markets. The trading portfolio mainly comprises debt instruments and a managed portfolio of funds and equities. The held-to-maturity portfolio comprises of debt issuances by sovereigns, corporates and financial institutions.
The following table provides a breakdown of the Group's securities portfolio as at 31 March 2025:
| As at 31 March 2025 |
|
|---|---|
| (AED millions) | |
| Investments at fair value through profit or loss | 66,092 |
| Non-trading investment securities | |
| Fair value through other comprehensive income |
187,628 |
| Amortised cost |
3,667 |
| Expected credit loss on amortised cost securities |
(1) |
| Investments in associates | 5,120 |
| Total Group's securities portfolio | 262,506 |
See "Description of the Group – Strengths – Strong capital base and liquidity" for a description of the capital requirements applicable to the Group and the Group's capital ratios.
The Group's management of its capital is aimed at maintaining an optimum level of capital to enable it to pursue strategies that build long-term shareholder value, whilst always meeting minimum regulatory capital adequacy ratio requirements. The principal difference between the UAE Central Bank's guidelines and Bank of International Settlements requirements is that, under the UAE Central Bank's guidelines, GCC government exposure denominated in their respective domestic currencies is risk weighted at zero per cent. whereas, under Bank of International Settlements guidelines, GCC government exposure is risk weighted according to the relevant country's credit rating. However, GCC government exposure denominated in their respective domestic currencies can be assigned a lower risk weight under Bank of International Settlements guidelines, provided that the local regulator applies such risk weight. Details of the Group's risk weighted assets as at 31 March 2025, calculated in accordance with UAE Central Bank guidelines, are set out in the table below.
As at 31 March 2025 (AED millions)
Tier 1 capital: CET 1 capital
| As at 31 March 2025 |
|
|---|---|
| (AED millions) | |
| Share capital | 11,048 |
| Share premium | 53,583 |
| Statutory and special reserves | 13,084 |
| Retained earnings | 42,587 |
| Other reserves |
(3,976) |
| Non-controlling interest | 135 |
| Total CET 1 capital prior to deduction (A) | 116,461 |
| Goodwill and intangible assets |
20,931 |
| Other deductions from CET 1 capital |
969 |
| Total CET 1 capital after deductions | 92,059 |
| Additional Tier 1 capital: | 10,755 |
| Eligible AT1 capital (after grandfathering) | 10,755 |
| Total Tier 1 capital (B) | 102,813 |
| Tier 2 capital: | |
| Qualifying subordinated liabilities | 6,580 |
| Allowance for collective impairment | 7,347 |
| Total Tier 2 capital (C) | 13,927 |
| Total capital base (B + C) | 116,740 |
| Risk weighted assets: | |
| Credit risk | 587,727 |
| Market risk | 42,666 |
| Operational risk | 49,401 |
| Total risk weighted assets | 679,794 |
| As at 31 March 2025 |
| (%) | |
|---|---|
| CET 1 ratio | 13.5% |
| Tier 1 capital adequacy ratio | 15.1% |
| Total capital adequacy ratio | 17.1% |
The Group's total equity (which comprises, amongst other things, its issued share capital of AED 11.0 billion as at 31 March 2025 and its retained earnings of AED 42.6 billion as at 31 March 2025) amounted to AED 127.5 billion as at 31 March 2025.
Of the Group's reserves, the most significant are the statutory reserve and the special reserve into which, under the CCL and FAB's articles of association, 10.0 per cent. of net profit each year must be contributed until each reserve reaches 50.0 per cent. of the nominal value of FAB's paid up share capital. Eligible reserves also include accumulated other comprehensive income and other disclosed reserves. These statutory and special reserves on a combined basis amounted to AED 13.1 billion as at 31 March 2025.
As at 31 March 2025, shareholders' equity includes AED 8.0 billion of Government of Abu Dhabi Tier 1 capital notes (comprising AED 4.0 billion Tier 1 capital notes issued by FGB in February 2009 to the Government and AED 4.0 billion Tier 1 capital notes issued by NBAD in March 2009 to the Government), which are accounted for as equity in accordance with IAS 32 (Financial Instruments –
Presentation). On 17 June 2020, FAB called its U.S.\$750 million perpetual Tier 1 capital securities and replaced it with its U.S.\$750 million perpetual additional Tier 1 capital securities on 5 October 2020.
As at 31 March 2025, the Group had customer accounts and other deposits which totalled AED 838.7 billion. The Group's customer accounts and other deposits contain a high proportion of deposits from government and public sector entities, again reflecting the linkage between NBAD, FGB and these governmental and government-related entities. As at 31 March 2025, 18.5 per cent. of the Group's customer accounts and other deposits were from government entities and a further 10.6 per cent. were from public sector entities. The Group's funding needs are also met by equity reserves and retained earnings, interbank lines of credit and repurchase agreements. Additionally, and prior to the Merger, the legacy NBAD and FGB entities accessed wholesale funding markets (through bilateral or syndicated loans and international bond markets) in order to diversify and increase the maturity of their funding sources. The Group intends to continue to utilise the following debt capital markets funding platforms as a key source of funding:
As at the date of this Base Prospectus, FAB also has the following outstanding standalone debt capital markets instruments:
The following table shows the sources of the Group's funding as at 31 March 2025:
| As at 31 March 2025 |
|
|---|---|
| (AED millions) | |
| Due to banks and financial institutions | 100,532 |
| Repurchase agreements | 35,762 |
| Commercial paper | 18,649 |
| Derivative financial instruments | 47,939 |
| Customer accounts and other deposits | 838,681 |
| Other liabilities | 61,872 |
| Term borrowings | 68,715 |
| Subordinated notes | 6,952 |
| Total equity |
127,466 |
| Total Group Asset | 1,306,568 |
As at 31 March 2025, the UAE banking sector comprised 61 commercial banks, including branches or subsidiaries of 38 foreign commercial banks (source: UAE Central Bank, Monthly Statistical Bulletin – Banking & Monetary Statistics – February 2025) and eight standalone Islamic banks (15 Islamic windows of conventional banks) (source: UAE Central Bank website accessed in July 2025). The licensed foreign bank branches and subsidiaries focus mainly on consumer banking, trade finance, foreign currency operations and government-related business. Foreign bank participation in public sector financing has had a significant downward effect on margins in this area. The UAE banking market is becoming increasingly competitive and challenging, with the consummation of the Merger stimulating further movement towards greater consolidation amongst UAE banks.
With effect from 1 January 2018, certain of the GCC states have implemented a VAT regime (with the UAE implementing this at a rate of 5 per cent.). On 11 May 2020, the UAE Ministry of Finance stated that there were no immediate plans to increase the rate of VAT in the UAE. On 31 January 2022, the UAE Ministry of Finance announced the introduction of CIT on business profits. The first accounting period that the CIT is applicable to FAB commenced on 1 January 2024. The CIT applies on the taxable net profits of a business. It does not apply to taxable profits up to AED 375,000 and applies at a standard statutory tax rate of nine per cent. on taxable profits in excess thereof. See also "Risk Factors – Factors that may affect FAB's ability to fulfil its obligations in respect of the Notes – Risks relating to the UAE and the Middle East – Tax changes in the GCC may have an adverse effect on the Group" and "Taxation – United Arab Emirates".
As at 31 March 2025, the Group employed 7,611 staff. These staff members do not include the 3,775 members of the Group's outsourced workforce (who principally work within the consumer areas of sales, collections, call centre operations and credit card processing).
The Group's human resources policy is aligned to its strategic vision and ambitious growth plans and is designed to attract, retain and motivate high-calibre, professional, skilled and knowledgeable employees. The Group strives to foster a transparent working environment and invests significant resource in the provision of employee training and development schemes, in addition to providing a competitive remuneration and compensation structure.
From 2022, UAE banks have been instructed by the UAE Central Bank to increase the representation of UAE nationals in their organisations with a focus on the representation of UAE nationals in critical roles and senior management. The UAE Central Bank has also mandated banks to hire graduating UAE nationals each year to support the employment of university graduates. The representation of UAE nationals and graduate hire requirements ("Emiratisation") are set by the UAE Central Bank for each organisation and are based on a number of factors. If a bank is unable to achieve their targets for recruiting or progressing UAE nationals through the organisation, they will be subject to penalties.
As at 31 March 2025, FAB's Emiratisation percentage stood at 46 per cent. of its workforce in the UAE, equating to 1,961 UAE nationals employed in positions at different levels across FAB.
In line with the UAE Central Bank's Emiratisation requirements, FAB has made a commitment to employing and training UAE nationals. FAB's Emiratisation strategy supports FAB's position as a nationalisation leader across the UAE.
The Group's principal fixed assets include its head office building in Abu Dhabi and its other branch buildings and offices. Such property and equipment had a net book value of AED 5.0 billion as at 31 March 2025.
As at 31 March 2025, the value of the Group's investment properties, stated at fair value and representing the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, was AED 8.2 billion.
The fair value of the Group's investment properties is based on valuations performed by third party valuers. The valuers are accredited with recognised and relevant professional qualification and with recent experience in the location and category of investment properties being valued. The fair values have been determined based on varying valuation models depending on the intended use of the investment properties in accordance with the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors Valuation Standards. The property rental income earned by the Group from its investment properties that are leased out under operating leases, amounted to AED 44.7 million for the three months ended 31 March 2025.
The Group Technology department manages the Group's information assets and technology services and is focused on utilising modern IT systems and processes to serve the Group's customers and ensure that all systems operate within strict service level agreements and customers' data is well protected and secured.
The Group Technology business systems allow the Group to offer innovative digital services to its customers across all geographies in which the Group operates. As part of the Group's investment in its technology systems, it has invested in the public cloud, big data and a modern set of core banking platforms and in its state-of-the-art owned data centres. It continuously reviews and aligns its technology strategy to its business strategy, ensuring its digital innovation and investments fit with its architectural blueprint and security standards.
In March 2018, the Qatar Financial Centre Regulatory Authority (the "QFCRA") began an investigation into the alleged manipulation of the Qatari riyal, Qatari government backed securities and associated derivatives by FAB (the "QFCRA Investigation"). In April 2019, the State of Qatar commenced a lawsuit in New York state court based on a similar allegation (the "NY Litigation"). The State of Qatar's claims against FAB in the NY Litigation were dismissed with prejudice in March 2022.
FAB considers the QFCRA Investigation to be baseless and it has made good faith efforts to resolve the matter with the QFCRA. However, in August 2019, the QFCRA announced that it had fined FAB QAR200 million (approximately U.S.\$55 million) for allegedly obstructing the QFCRA Investigation and, in February 2020, the Qatar Financial Centre Court ordered this fine payable by FAB as a judgment debt. In November 2020, the QFCRA commenced legal proceedings in New York state court to enforce the Qatar Financial Centre Court's order for the payment of this fine, and in December 2023, the New York state court dismissed these enforcement proceedings.
As at the date of this Base Prospectus, FAB is not involved in any pending or, to the best of FAB's knowledge, threatened litigation or arbitration proceedings which would have a material adverse effect on the Group's financial position. Therefore, no material provision has been made as at 31 March 2025 regarding any outstanding legal proceedings. Pending legal proceedings are reviewed on an ongoing basis and, where required, provisions are made at the end of each fiscal quarter subject to appropriate internal approvals.
The Group has various insurance policies in place, including a banker's blanket bond insurance policy. The Group's insurance covers, among other risks, loss of its property whilst on the Group's premises and whilst in transit; forgery of cheques, securities and other documents; and employee frauds, errors and negligence. The Group believes that these insurance policies provide it with adequate insurance coverage against the various risks to which the Group is exposed.
FAB recognises that sustainability requires doing business with responsibility, and a responsible business is designed to cultivate economic growth, social prosperity and environmental integrity. As a leading bank in the UAE, FAB believes that it has a responsibility to be a good corporate citizen, while striving to support a more a resilient sustainable economy in line with the UAE's Net Zero 2050 Strategy. The Group ESG Policy outlines the approach of FAB to ESG and responsible banking and sets out FAB's environmental, social and governance aspirations, as well as the governance processes adopted by FAB to deliver on them.
To facilitate the transition to a sustainable economy, FAB strives to continuously develop as an organisation and prioritise ambitions across its key ESG impact areas:
addition, FAB seeks to adhere to the principles of the Group and make progress on its social commitments.
(c) Governance: FAB aims to model responsible business through proactive and ongoing measures to align with global and national ESG commitments and regulatory compliance, in managing ESG related risks and opportunities.
The Group's ESG policy underpins FAB's objective to integrate sustainability principles into its operations and decision-making processes involving all internal and external stakeholders of FAB including customers, employees, investors, regulators, business partners and the communities in which it operates. The following sections delineate FAB's prioritised responsible banking and sustainability/ESG impact areas guiding FAB's everyday decision-making and incorporating how FAB conducts business with all stakeholders.
The Group is committed to creating long-term value for its stakeholders, while supporting the UAE's net zero clean energy transition journey and empowering communities for a sustainable future.
The Group is an active participant and contributor to the following national frameworks, goals, and commitments:
The Group's sustainability agenda is developed, consistently reviewed against and aligned with a number of global frameworks, including:
The Group aligns its reporting with best practices, striving to provide clear, credible, and data-driven insights into its ESG performance.
FAB aims to integrate sustainability as part of its corporate strategy priorities to reflect its importance for the overall resilience of the Group's business model. 'Sustainability Leadership' is one of the four pillars of the Group's corporate strategy, reflecting FAB's stance on continuously embedding ESG factors within its culture and operations.
To deliver on its Sustainability Leadership, the Group has a dedicated ESG Strategy set around three focus areas:
The priorities and key performance indicators defined under these focus areas are aligned with national and international sustainability agendas.
The Group discloses its alignment with the most widely adopted and accepted international sustainability frameworks and guidelines via dedicated reports. These reports are available on FAB's website and include:
(a) ESG Reports: disclosures on FAB's ESG achievements and progress against ESG strategy implementation and targets for the reporting year. These reports are prepared in line with the six main Principles for Responsible Banking, the Global Reporting Initiative Standards, and the ADX ESG Disclosure Guidance requirements for Listed Companies in the UAE. The ESG reports are subject to limited independent assurance on the greenhouse gas emissions metrics.
In 2024, FAB was elected as the Chair of the United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative's NZBA Steering Group after having become the first bank in the UAE and the GCC to join the NZBA in 2021 and committing to become net zero by 2050. Further, in 2024, FAB was appointed as Co-Chair of Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials' MENA chapter. FAB also became the first bank in MENA to publish a TNFD-aligned report.
FAB's commitment to net zero by 2050 supports the UAE's national net zero agenda through a range of targeted initiatives within FAB's portfolio and own operations. FAB believes that its sustainable finance target to lend, invest and facilitate U.S.\$136 billion by 2030 in sustainable and transition financing serves as a guidepost to accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy and drives lending, investments and the facilitation of funds towards green and transition initiatives. In 2024, FAB facilitated AED 140.4 billion in sustainable finance, reaching 53 per cent. of our AED 500 billion target for 2030. 70 per cent. of its sustainable financing and facilitation in 2024 supported counterparties in the Global South. Recognising the Group's role in contributing to the nation's sustainable transformation, the Group leverages its financial expertise to support a green and equitable social transition, in line with the UAE's Net Zero by 2050 agenda. In 2024, the Bank maintained its leading position in the region in the green and social bond and sukuk markets. FAB issued three social bonds and one green bond with a value of AED 3.2 billion (USD 0.9 billion) in 2024. Moreover, as of the end of 2024, its outstanding issuances included 14 green bonds, one green sukuk and three social bonds, valued at AED 15 billion (USD 4.1 billion) spanning six different currencies. All the proceeds from the green and social bonds and sukuks were fully allocated as of 31 December 2024.
The Group is working to deliver on the emissions intensity reduction targets it set in 2023 until 2030 (against a 2021 baseline) across eight priority sectors, which account for approximately 86 per cent. of FAB's financed emissions and 62 per cent. of FAB's corporate exposure and the commitment to decarbonise its operations by 2030. For financed emissions, FAB is developing a comprehensive transition strategy that places client engagement at its core, evaluating progress and readiness for decarbonisation. In 2024, FAB assessed transition maturity across more than 95 per cent. of its financed emissions within the eight priority sectors.
FAB's environmental and social ("E&S") risks are embedded within its overall business resilience strategies and addressed through an integrated risk management framework. The Group's E&S Risk Policy ("ESRP") and E&S Risk Framework provide insight into the Bank's risk management processes, guiding FAB's appetite for E&S risk and setting the criteria for ESG assessment requisites for obligors and deals. These frameworks also establish key risk indicators and set out an E&S risk governance structure. In 2024, key updates to the ESPR were made, including the prioritisation of environmental and social risks, the introduction of the ESG risk driver analysis, the setting of the E&S risk appetite, and the update of the E&S risk assessment tool.
Further, the Group Climate Risk Framework ("CRF") and Climate Risk Policy ("CRP") were introduced in 2024, in line with the UAE Central Bank's ESG guidance. The CRF has been designed to be integrated smoothly into the Bank's existing ESRP, helping to embed climate risk considerations within the Bank's overall business, governance, and risk management structures. The CRP provides a principles-based approach to addressing climate-related risks.
In its lending, FAB is a signatory to the EP, a risk management framework adopted by financial institutions for determining, assessing and managing environmental and social risks in projects intended to support responsible risk decision-making. The EP is a core part of FAB's credit processes and is embedded in its internal policies, procedures and practices for financing projects. In 2024, FAB conducted enhanced due diligence on 15 project finance or project-related corporate loan deals and assessed 15 projects.
The Group's approach to corporate social responsibility reflects what the Group does to voluntarily contribute to the communities in which it operates. It is designed to inspire its staff while building rewarding relationships with its communities beyond its core business activities. The Group works on strengthening its relationship with non-profits and non-governmental organisations and acting based on their needs. In 2024, the Group demonstrated a strong commitment to social responsibility, with FAB staff contributing over 28,000 hours of voluntary service to the community.
Some of the key CSR initiatives conducted in 2024 include:
(d) Sports: Aligned with the National Sports Strategy, FAB is seeking to advance the UAE's vision of increased participation in sports and physical activity. FAB's efforts focus on expanding access to diverse sports, developing skilled professionals, nurturing young talent and enhancing the UAE's presence regionally and internationally.
From a social perspective, SME lending continues to be a priority for the Group, having set the target of doubling the Group's SME customer base by 2028 from a 2024 baseline. In 2024, the Group supported SMEs with AED 4.3 billion of new lending, a 30 per cent. increase from the previous year. As part of this commitment, the Bank offers sustainability-linked supply chain finance programmes to SMEs in the UAE, designed to incentivise and enable meaningful ESG improvements. FAB works with partners to assess and assign ESG ratings to SMEs, providing them with detailed reports that highlight strengths and areas for sustainability performance enhancement.
Beyond financing, FAB supports initiatives aimed at providing SMEs with the skills and knowledge needed to build resilient businesses for the future. FAB has been an active supporter of the SME Climate Hub, launched in 2020 by the FAB Mean Business Coalition. The Hub is the only UN-backed SME platform accrediting SMEs as Race to Zero members. It is designed specifically to support SMEs in accelerating their climate action efforts, in order to enhance business resilience in the face of climaterelated challenges and a net-zero future.
FAB and Archireef, in collaboration with the Environment Agency – Abu Dhabi, formed a three-year strategic partnership, which successfully deployed 100 sqm of reef tiles, engaging employees and educating youth on nature-based solutions to mitigate climate change and its impacts on marine life in the home waters around Abu Dhabi. Based on previous deployments, the reef tiles deployed are expected to improve biodiversity.
As part of the Group's commitment to scale up the financing for sustainable development, the Group decided to expand its Green Bond Framework to create a Sustainable Finance Framework in 2022, that was further updated in 2023 to reflect the latest market standards in relation to green, social and sustainability bonds and sukuk. The Sustainable Finance Framework applies to any type of sustainable financing transaction that will be used to fund activities and products aimed at addressing environmental and socially responsible issues.
From time to time and pursuant to the Programme, FAB intends to issue Notes of each Tranche identified as Sustainable Notes in the applicable Final Terms (or applicable Pricing Supplement in the case of Exempt Notes) ("Sustainable Notes") or as Transition Finance Notes in the applicable Final Terms (or applicable Pricing Supplement in the case of the Exempt Notes) ("Transition Finance Notes"). An amount equivalent to the net proceeds of any Sustainable Notes or as the case may be, Transition Finance Notes issued would be used to fund or refinance, in whole or in part, eligible projects (the "Eligible Projects") within eligible categories set out under (a) the "Dedicated Purpose Financing" section in the Sustainable Finance Framework in respect of Sustainable Notes and (b) the "Transition Finance" section in the Sustainable Finance Framework in respect of Transition Finance Notes. For the avoidance of doubt, finance provided to any business or project that is not eligible under the criteria set out in the Sustainable Finance Framework will not be considered as the use of proceeds.
The Sustainable Finance Framework was developed in alignment with market best practice standards reflected in ICMA's Green Bond Principles, Social Bond Principles and the Sustainability Bond Guidelines (collectively the "ICMA Principles").
Sustainable Notes issued under the Programme are intended to comply with one or more of the ICMA Principles as relevant.
The Group has broadly defined the eligible categories in accordance with the Green Bond Principles and Social Bond Principles publicised by ICMA. Eligible categories include:
Transition Finance Notes are not within the scope of the ICMA Principles. While FAB is of the view that its approach to transition financing is aligned with its long-term net-zero commitment to position lending and investment portfolios with net-zero emissions by 2050, based upon EU Taxonomy, ICMA Principles and the CBI Transition Finance White Paper, any Transition Finance Notes issued under the Programme are not issued in compliance with any particular external ESG or transition certification. As of the date of this Base Prospectus, ICMA has not pubished a standalone set of principles (equivalent to the ICMA Principles) that would apply to an issuance of such Transition Finance Notes, other than pursuant to the CTFH.
FAB has determined that eligible categories in respect of Transition Finance Notes include:
Where feasible and possible, the Group will endeavour to allocate the use of proceeds to new Eligible Projects within the categories above (for Sustainable Notes and Transition Finance Notes respectively). Up to 100 per cent. of the proceeds of any issue of Sustainable Notes, or, as the case may be, Transition Finance Notes may be applied to refinance existing Eligible Projects within the categories above (for Sustainable Notes and Transition Finance Notes respectively). Proceeds used for refinancing Eligible Projects will be substituted out of any Sustainable Notes, or, as the case may be, Transition Finance Notes in favour of funding new Eligible Projects as and when these become funded by the Group.
FAB expects that the proceeds of each Tranche of Sustainable Notes and Transition Finance Notes will be allocated within 24 months of each issue to Eligible Projects within the Middle East region. However, given the global nature of the Group's business and the international operations of many of the Group's clients, the proceeds of any Sustainable Notes, or, as the case may be, Transition Finance Notes may be applied globally without geographical restriction. Unallocated proceeds from Sustainable Notes, or, as the case may be, Transition Finance Notes will be temporarily invested in sustainable notes and/or Transition Finance Notes as applicable, issued by non-financial entities in domestic or international markets, money market instruments with a solid credit rating and market liquidity held in cash or cash equivalents until qualifying Eligible Projects (of the relevant type) are available. See also "Risk Factors – Factors which are material for the purpose of assessing the market risks associated with Notes issued under the Programme – Risks related to the structure of a particular issue of Notes – The use of proceeds of the Notes of any Tranche identified as Sustainable Notes or Transition Finance Notes in the relevant Final Terms may not meet investor expectations or requirements or otherwise may not be suitable for an investor's investment criteria."
The following information has been extracted from, and should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, the Financial Statements. See also "Presentation of Information – Presentation of Financial Information".
The following tables set out certain condensed consolidated interim statement of financial position and condensed consolidated interim statement of profit or loss of the Group as at and for the three months ended 31 March 2025 and 31 March 2024 (as extracted from the unaudited comparative financial information for the three months ended 31 March 2024 included in the Interim Financial Information) and the consolidated statement of financial position and consolidated statement of profit or loss as at and for the financial years ended 31 December 2024 and 31 December 2023.
| As at 31 March 2025 |
As at 31 December 2024 |
As at 31 December 2023 |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| (AED millions) | |||
| Assets | |||
| Cash and balances with central banks | 265,462 | 214,404 | 233,390 |
| Investments at fair value through profit or loss |
66,092 | 56,028 | 45,209 |
| Due from banks and financial institutions |
27,031 | 23,724 | 25,266 |
| Reverse repurchase agreements | 79,702 | 69,661 | 78,504 |
| Derivative financial instruments | 39,481 | 45,893 | 46,421 |
| Loans, advances and Islamic financing | 548,265 | 528,897 | 483,954 |
| Non trading investment securities |
191,294 | 187,446 | 179,643 |
| Investment in associates | 5,120 | 4,963 | 1,501 |
| Investment properties | 8,170 | 8,169 | 8,162 |
| Property and equipment |
5,012 | 4,683 | 5,115 |
| Intangibles | 19,890 | 19,939 | 20,136 |
| Other assets | 51,049 | 49,440 | 41,332 |
| Total assets | 1,306,568 | 1,213,247 | 1,168,633 |
| Liabilities | |||
| Due to banks and financial institutions | 100,532 | 71,896 | 71,528 |
| Repurchase agreements | 35,762 | 32,329 | 26,096 |
| Commercial paper | 18,649 | 17,888 | 19,659 |
| Derivative financial instruments | 47,939 | 53,758 | 51,002 |
| Customer accounts and other deposits | 838,681 | 782,379 | 759,863 |
| Term borrowings | 68,715 | 64,788 | 63,939 |
| Subordinated notes | 6,952 | 6,861 | 4,191 |
| Other liabilities | 61,872 | 52,473 | 46,932 |
| Total liabilities | 1,179,102 | 1,082,372 | 1,043,210 |
| Equity | |||
| Share capital | 11,048 | 11,048 | 11,048 |
| Share premium | 53,583 | 53,583 | 53,558 |
| Treasury shares |
- | - | (7) |
| Statutory and special reserves | 13,084 | 13,084 | 13,084 |
| Other reserves |
(3,976) | (3,997) | 208 |
| Tier 1 capital notes | 10,755 | 10,755 | 10,755 |
| Share based payment | 250 | 250 | 250 |
| Retained earnings | 42,587 | 46,029 | 36,417 |
| Total equity attributable to shareholders of the Group . | 127,331 | 130,752 | 125,313 |
| As at 31 March 2025 |
As at 31 December 2024 |
As at 31 December 2023 |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| (AED millions) | |||
| Non-controlling interest | 135 | 123 | 110 |
| Total equity | 127,466 | 130,875 | 125,423 |
| Total liabilities and equity | 1,306,568 | 1,213,247 | 1,168,633 |
____________________
| Three months ended 31 March 2025 |
Three months ended 31 March 2024 |
Year ended 31 December 2024 |
Year ended 31 December 2023 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (AED millions) | ||||
| Interest income(1) | 13,606 | 15,089 | 59,574 | 55,848 |
| Interest expense(1) | (9,139) | (10,768) | (42,100) | (39,313) |
| Net interest income(1) | 4,467 | 4,321 | 17,474 | 16,535 |
| Income from Islamic financing and investing | ||||
| products | 896 | 858 | 3,474 | 2,910 |
| Distribution on Islamic deposits(1) | (357) | (320) | (1,336) | (1,306) |
| Net income from Islamic financing and | ||||
| investing products(1) | 539 | 538 | 2,138 | 1,604 |
| Total net interest income and income from | ||||
| Islamic financing and investing products(1) | 5,006 | 4,859 | 19,612 | 18,139 |
| Fee and commission income |
1,667 | 1,349 | 5,520 | 4,283 |
| Fee and commission expense | (464) | (368) | (1,762) | (1,275) |
| Net fee and commission income | 1,203 | 981 | 3,758 | 3,008 |
| Net foreign exchange (loss)/gain |
(299) | 1,050 | 1,832 | 2,597 |
| and derivatives(1)(2) Net gain on investments |
2,642 | 999 | 5,399 | 3,704 |
| Other operating income | 262 | 82 | 1,024 | 23 |
| Operating income | 8,814 | 7,971 | 31,625 | 27,471 |
| Gain on disposal of stake in subsidiary and | ||||
| fair value gain on retained interest | - | - | - | 284 |
| Total income including gain on disposal of | ||||
| stake in subsidiary and fair value gain on | ||||
| retained interest | - | - | 31,625 | 27,755 |
| General, administration and other operating | ||||
| expenses | (1,965) | (1,916) | (7,787) | (7,125) |
| Profit before net impairment charge and | ||||
| taxation | 6,849 | 6,055 | 23,838 | 20,630 |
| Net impairment charge | (724) | (1,024) | (3,924) | (3,078) |
| Profit before taxation | 6,125 | 5,031 | 19,914 | 17,552 |
| Income tax expense | (990) | (870) | (2,818) | (1,042) |
| Net profit for the period/year | 5,135 | 4,161 | 17,096 | 16,510 |
(1) The balances for the year ended 31 December 2024 for "interest income", "interest expense", "net interest income", "distribution on Islamic deposits", "net income from Islamic financing and investing products", "total net interest income and income from Islamic financing and investing products" and "net gain on investments and derivatives" have been extracted from the unaudited comparative financial information for the year ended 31 December 2023 included in the 2024 Financial Statements following the reclassification of these balances as set out in Note 51 (Comparative figures) to the 2024 Financial Statements.
(2) The balance for the three month period ended 31 March 2024 for "net gain on investments and derivatives" has been extracted from the unaudited comparative financial information for the three months ended 31 March 2024 included in the Interim Financial
Information following the reclassification of this balance as set out in Note 32 (Comparative figures) to the Interim Financial Information.
Certain related parties (principally the major shareholders, associated companies, directors and executive management of the Group and companies of which they are principal owners) are customers of the Group in the ordinary course of business. The transactions with these parties were made on substantially the same terms, including interest and commission rates and the requirements for collateral, as those prevailing at the same time for comparable transactions with unrelated parties and did not involve an amount of risk which was more than the amount of risk relating to such comparable transactions. All loans, advances and Islamic financing to related parties are performing advances and are free of any provision for impaired loans, advances and Islamic financing.
As at 31 March 2025, the Group had financial liabilities to related parties totalling AED 24,431 million and financial assets to related parties totalling AED 38,311 million. The Group also had contingent liabilities with related parties in the amount of AED 12,118 million as at 31 March 2025. See Note 29 (Related parties) to the Interim Financial Information.
In common with other financial institutions, the Group faces a range of risks in its business and operations including: (a) credit risk; (b) market risk (including interest rate risk in the trading book, currency risk, equity risk in the trading book); (c) liquidity risk; (d) interest rate risk in the banking book; (e) operational risk (including risk of fraud); (f) legal and compliance risk; and (g) ESG risks.
Efficient and timely management of the risks involved in the Group's activities is critical to its financial soundness and profitability. Risk management involves identifying, measuring, monitoring, controlling and reporting these risks on a regular basis. The objective of risk management is to protect the Group's capital and achieve a return on capital that is commensurate with the risks assumed.
The overall responsibility for risk management lies with the Board. The principal role of the Board is to oversee implementation of the Group's strategic initiatives and its functioning within the agreed framework in accordance with relevant statutory and regulatory guidelines. Several Board level committees and management level committees form part of the overall risk management structure within the Group. The Board level committees include:
The Group Executive Committee (the "EXCO") is the Group's most senior management level committee and it operates under a delegated authority from the Board. The EXCO has established management committees to help execute the agreed objectives and to assist in running, controlling and monitoring the business of the Group efficiently and effectively.
Other management committees include:
The Group Chief Risk Officer is responsible for risk management for the Group's centralised risk management function.
The Group has also established an independent risk management unit, responsible for continuous monitoring identification, measurement, control, mitigation and reporting of risks arising out of the Group's activities. The risk management unit also monitors compliance with regulatory policies and procedures. The Group Chief Risk Officer is responsible for day-to-day risk management for the Group. The risk management unit has separate sub-units responsible for management of enterprise risk, credit risk, capital risk, market and liquidity risk, model risk, operational and fraud risk, legal risk, corporate governance, technology risk, information security and data privacy, business continuity, credit recovery, Shari'a compliance risk and ESG within the Group.
The Group's treasury, under the strategic direction of the Group Asset and Liability Committee, is responsible for managing the Group's assets and liabilities and its overall financial structure. It is also primarily responsible for managing the funding and liquidity risks of the Group. Risk management processes throughout the Group are audited on an annual basis by internal auditors who examine both the adequacy of the processes and compliance with regulatory requirements. The results of each internal audit are reported directly to the BAC.
FAB has established a Group risk management framework to support the Group's risk management objectives.
The aim of the framework is to support the Group in being a world-class organisation maximising its risk adjusted returns for all stakeholders by establishing a risk management framework across the Group. The core objective of the Group risk management framework is to provide a reasonable degree of assurance to the Board that the risks threatening the Group's achievement of its core values and purpose are being identified, measured, monitored and controlled through an effective integrated risk management system. The framework consists of specific policy documents covering all material risks across the Group that include enterprise risk management policy, risk appetite policy, reputational risk management policy, strategic risk management policy, ESG related framework and policies, capital management policy, corporate governance related policies and framework, credit risk related policies, market and liquidity risk related policies, operational risk management policy, fraud risk policy, outsourcing risk policy, dormant account policy, compliance risk related policies, information security risk related policies, business continuity management policy, internal capital adequacy assessment process policy, Pillar III disclosure policy, new products approval policy, model risk management policy and Shari'a governance framework. In addition to these risk management policies, the Group has also put in place detailed operational policies, procedures and programs wherever needed.
As a part of the Group risk management framework, FAB has established a formal risk appetite structure in the form of a top-down approach that incorporates requirements of various stakeholders, including shareholders, holders of its debt securities and regulators through a dialogue process between risk taking functions after a careful consideration of the risk-return trade-off.
Risk monitoring and control is primarily based on limits established by the Group's executive management. These limits reflect the Group's business strategy and the market environment in which it operates as well as the risk appetite of the Group. Information from all parts of the Group is collected, examined and processed in order to identify, analyse and control risks. This information is presented to the BRESGC and the Group Risk Committee on a quarterly basis. The information covers enterprisewide risks and is designed to enable the Board and executive management to receive all necessary information so as to independently assess the possible impact of these risks on the Group's businesses. The Group uses a range of measures to mitigate and control risks including the use of credit risk mitigation techniques (collaterals, guarantees, netting, etc.) to reduce exposure to credit risk and the use of derivative instruments to hedge exposure to certain interest and currency exchange rate risks. The risk profile of all major transactions is assessed and authorised by appropriate management representatives before the transactions are concluded and the effectiveness of all risk mitigation measures is closely monitored by the risk management unit.
Credit risk is the risk of a customer or counterparty to a financial asset failing to meet its obligations in accordance with the agreed terms and, as a result, causing the Group to incur a financial loss. The Group is exposed to credit risk through its lending, trading, hedging and investing activities as well as through activities in which it acts as an intermediary on behalf of customers/other third parties or issues guarantees. The Group is also exposed to credit concentration risk. Various forms of credit risk concentrations can be distinguished in this context including large exposures to individual clients or groups of connected clients, large exposures to clients of poor credit quality, large exposures to clients in certain countries and large exposures to clients belonging to specific industries, amongst others. Indirect credit risk concentrations can also arise as a result of certain credit risk mitigation techniques.
The Group's primary exposure to credit risk arises through its loans, advances and Islamic financing extended to customers, as well as through its interbank lending operations. The amount of credit exposure in this regard is a function of assets being carried on the consolidated balance sheet. In addition, the Group is exposed to off-balance sheet credit risk through the contingent liabilities it assumes. The Group is also exposed to credit risk on various other financial assets, including derivative instruments and debt investments.
The Group has established an independent credit risk team within the risk management unit to track the magnitude of credit risk.
The table below sets out the Group's maximum exposure to credit risk for the different components of the balance sheet, including derivatives as at 31 March 2025. This exposure does not take into account netting and collateral agreements that serve as credit risk mitigants. Where financial instruments are recorded at fair value, the amounts shown in the table represent the then current credit risk exposure but not the maximum credit risk exposure that could arise in the future as a result of changes in values.
| As at 31 March 2025 |
|
|---|---|
| (AED millions) | |
| Balances with central banks | 263,388 |
| Due from banks and financial institutions |
27,083 |
| Reverse repurchase agreements | 79,801 |
| Loans, advances and Islamic financing(gross)(1) | 570,500 |
| Non-trading investment securities | |
| Amortised cost securities | 3,667 |
| FVOCI debt securities(2) | 182,813 |
| Other assets(3) | 24,188 |
| Unfunded exposure |
276,194 |
| 1,427,634 |
(1) The exposure represents gross loans, advances and Islamic financing, including interest in suspense of AED 8,159 million primarily on Stage 3 and purchased or originally credit impaired assets ("POCI").
(2) The provision against financial instruments classified as FVOCI is included in the fair value reserve under equity.
(3) On certain assets included as part of other assets, ECL is computed based on simplified approach.
____________________
The Group controls credit risk by monitoring credit limits and exposures, limiting transactions with specific counterparties, continually assessing the creditworthiness of counterparties, diversification of lending activities, compliance with internal lending limits to avoid undue concentrations of risks and by obtaining security as appropriate.
The Group's credit policy is reviewed and approved by the Board on an ongoing basis. The Group's credit policy allows for a certain degree of flexibility if circumstances warrant deviations from standard practice. All such exceptions are clearly documented and ratified by the Board.
The Group's credit risk limits are set in line with its credit criteria and reviewed at least on an annual basis. Credit exposure to individual customers or groups of customers is controlled through a tiered hierarchy of delegated approval authorities and is based on several factors including, but not limited to, country risk rating, industry risk rating, counterparty risk rating and assessment of facility risk.
Significant counterparty credit exposures, industry exposures and sector exposures are reviewed by executive management on a regular basis.
The table below sets out the Group's gross loans, advances and Islamic financing by counterparty and industry sector, in each case as at 31 March 2025.
| As at 31 March 2025 |
|
|---|---|
| (AED millions) | |
| Counterparty | |
| Government sector | 75,206 |
| Public sector | 79,410 |
| Banking sector |
24,456 |
| Corporate/private sector | 304,710 |
| Personal/retail sector | 86,718 |
| Gross loans, advances and Islamic financing | 570,500 |
| As at 31 March 2025 |
||
|---|---|---|
| (AED millions) | ||
| Industry | ||
| Agriculture |
3,412 | |
| Energy | 42,887 | |
| Manufacturing | 28,375 | |
| Construction | 12,009 | |
| Real estate |
93,739 | |
| Trading | 28,081 | |
| Transport and communication |
39,517 | |
| Banks | 24,456 | |
| Other financial institutions | 88,404 | |
| Services | 47,696 | |
| Government | 75,206 | |
| Personal – loans and credit cards |
50,088 | |
| Personal – retail mortgage |
36,630 | |
| Gross loans, advances and Islamic financing | 570,500 |
The table below sets out the Group's credit concentration in respect of its non-trading investment securities by counterparty and by external credit ratings, in each case as at 31 March 2025.
| As at 31 March 2025 |
|
|---|---|
| (AED millions) | |
| Counterparty type | |
| Government sector | 142,678 |
| Supranational |
734 |
| Public sector | 10,747 |
| Banking sector |
19,051 |
| Corporate/private sector | 18,085 |
| Less: expected credit loss on amortised cost securities |
(1) |
| Total non-trading investment securities | 191,294 |
| As at 31 March 2025 |
|
|---|---|
| (AED millions) | |
| External credit rating | |
| AAA | 36,940 |
| AA to A | 117,586 |
| BBB and below | 29,739 |
| CCC and below | 565 |
| Unrated | 6,465 |
| Less: expected credit loss on amortised cost securities |
(1) |
| Total non-trading investment securities | 191,294 |
The Group operates a system of approval limits for its corporate lending, which is reviewed on a regular basis.
In line with the Group's credit policy, various types of credit risk mitigants – such as collaterals, guarantees, netting agreements and credit derivatives – are being used to mitigate risks. The mitigants are usually in the form of cash collateral or securities, legal charges over customer's assets, third party guarantees or assignments over receivables. As per the Group's internal policies, all of the mitigants are valued and monitored at regular intervals. Responsibility for day-to-day management of existing credit exposure is delegated to credit officers who comply with the regular credit review requirements set out in the Group's credit manual. Credits are assessed using an internal credit risk evaluation system based on detailed qualitative and quantitative criteria.
In assessing its credit exposure, the Group's corporate customers are classified into 11 rating categories ranging from 1 (highest rating) to 11 (default rating). For regulatory reporting purposes, the Group reports its loans to the UAE Central Bank as per five grade scale.
The table below sets out the Group's categorisation by credit quality of its exposure based on IFRS 9 to the following asset classes as at 31 March 2025.
| As at 31 March 2025 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Purchased or originally credit impaired(4) |
Total | |
| (AED millions) | |||||
| Balances with central banks | 262,141 | 1,247 | - | - | 263,388 |
| Due from banks and financial | 24,899 | 2,183 | 1 | - | 27,083 |
| institutions | |||||
| Reverse repurchase agreements | 79,801 | - | - | - | 79,801 |
| Gross loans, advances and Islamic | 533,369 | 10,570 | 22,844 | 3,717 | 570,500 |
| financing(1) | |||||
| Non-trading investment securities Amortised cost securities |
3,667 | - | - | - | 3,667 |
| FVOCI debt securities(2) | 182,721 | - | 92 | - | 182,813 |
| Other assets(3) | 24,063 | 3 | 122 | - | 24,188 |
| Unfunded exposures | 270,533 | 3,428 | 2,232 | 1 | 276,194 |
| 1,381,194 | 17,431 | 25,291 | 3,718 | 1,427,634 |
____________________ (1) The exposure represents gross loans, advances and Islamic financing, including interest in suspense of AED 8,159 million primarily on Stage 3 and POCI).
(2) The provision against financial instruments classified as FVOCI is included in the fair value reserve under equity.
(3) On certain assets included as part of other assets, expected credit loss ("ECL") is computed based on simplified approach.
(4) The Group, from an internal credit quality point of view, considers AED 3,662 million as par to non-performing loans, advances and Islamic financing.
The Group recognises loss allowances for ECL on the following financial instruments that are not measured at fair value through profit or loss:
• bank guarantee contracts, acceptances, letter of credits issued.
No impairment loss is recognised on equity investments. The Group measures loss allowances at an amount equal to lifetime ECL, except for the following, for which are measured as 12-month ECL:
Credit loss allowances are measured using a three-stage approach based on the extent of credit deterioration since origination:
The key inputs into the measurement of ECL are the term structure of the following variables:
These parameters are generally derived from internally developed statistical models and other historical data. They are adjusted to reflect forward-looking information.
The Group ceases to accrue income on any loan wherein a reasonable doubt, with respect to collection of unpaid interest or fees, exists or where a loan is classified as a non-performing asset. As at 31 March 2025, interest in suspense amounted to AED 8.2 billion (equal to 1.4 per cent. of gross loans, advances and Islamic financing as at 31 March 2025).
As at 31 March 2025, total provisions amounted to AED 18 billion representing 98 per cent. of all NPLs. The NPL ratio was 3.3 per cent. as at 31 March 2025.
It is the Group's policy to write-off impaired assets only after all reasonable restructuring and collection efforts have been undertaken and where the possibility of any further recovery is considered remote. For the three months ended 31 March 2025, the Group's write-off of impaired financial assets amounted to AED 467 million.
As part of the UAE Central Bank's stimulus package in response to COVID- 19, banks are able to apply a prudential filter to IFRS 9 expected loss provisions. The prudential filter will allow any increase in IFRS 9 provisioning compared to 31 December 2019 to be partially added back to regulatory capital. This will allow IFRS 9 provisions to be gradually phased-in over a five-year period until 31 December 2024.
Credit risk in respect of derivative financial instruments arises from the potential for a counterparty to default on its contractual obligations and is limited to the positive market value of instruments that are favourable to the Group. The positive market value is also referred to as the "replacement cost" since it is an estimate of what it would cost to replace transactions at prevailing market rates if a counterparty defaults. Derivatives are used by the Group to help manage its balance sheet risks in an efficient manner and are also offered to the Group's clients with back-to-back transactions executed with other financial institutions. The majority of the Group's derivative contracts are entered into with other financial institutions with investment grade credit ratings from the main credit rating agencies.
Market risk is defined as the risk of losses in the Group's on or off-balance sheet positions arising from movements in interest rates, credit spreads, foreign exchange rates and the prices of its debt, equity and commodity investments.
The Group has established an independent market risk management team which, in addition to its oversight role, tracks the magnitude of market risk on a daily basis, models and validates market data and develops quantitative risk management techniques. The Group has established policies and guidelines for managing trading activities and investments that are subject to market risk. These policies and guidelines are reviewed and approved by the Group Risk Committee and further ratified by Board level committees on an annual basis. These guidelines stipulate inter-alia the risk appetite for market risk through a comprehensive limit structure covering exposure, sensitivities, concentration and VaR and lay down the investment criteria for each asset class.
Positions in the Group's trading and investment book portfolio are created subject to compliance with the investment policies and guidelines. The Group has established an independent market risk team within the risk management unit to track the magnitude of market risk on a daily basis, in addition to its role of oversight, model and market data validation and development of quantitative techniques for risk management. The middle office reports this risk to executive management on a daily basis.
The Group's market risk unit also carries out regular scenario analysis and stress testing exercises to ascertain the level of risk in the event of unforeseen movements in the Group's key risk factors.
Interest rate risk arises from the possibility that changes in interest rates will affect future profitability or the value of financial instruments. The Group is exposed to interest rate risk as a result of mismatches or gaps in the amounts of assets and liabilities and off-balance sheet instruments that mature or re-price in a given period. The Group manages this risk through hedging and by reviewing the re-pricing of assets and liabilities through risk management strategies. The asset and liability management risk team monitors the gaps and reports both interest rate risk and liquidity risk to the Group Asset and Liability Committee on a monthly basis. The Group's sensitivity to interest rate changes is reduced by the fact that a very significant part of its loans, advances and Islamic financing can be re-priced on either a monthly or quarterly basis.
Currency risk is the risk that the value of a financial instrument will fluctuate due to changes in foreign exchange rates. The Group's functional currency is the UAE dirham. As the UAE dirham has been pegged to the U.S. dollar since 1980, positions in U.S. dollars have not generally been considered as a significant currency risk, although this assessment has been re-evaluated in recent years given increased market speculation concerning the possible abolition of the currency peg in a number of GCC countries in response to the volatile oil price environment. The Group's foreign exchange positions are monitored on a regular basis to ensure that they are maintained within established limits set by the Group Risk Committee. The Group uses forward foreign exchange contracts and currency swaps to hedge against specifically identified currency risks.
Equity price risk is the risk that the fair values of equity securities decrease as a result of changes in the levels of equity indices and the values of individual securities. The Group invests in international equities and also acts as a broker for trading in local and international equities. The Group manages its equity price risk through limits for each product and limits by country, currency, sector and dealer where appropriate in order to ensure diversification of its equity investments in terms of both geographical distribution and industry concentration. All outstanding own-account open positions are monitored daily and appropriate limits are in place.
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will be unable to meet its funding requirements. Liquidity risk can be caused by market disruptions or deterioration in the Group's credit quality which may adversely impact certain sources of funding. Liquidity risk management seeks to ensure that, even under adverse conditions, the Group has access to the funds necessary to cover customer needs, maturing liabilities and the capital requirements of its operations. In accordance with Basel III guidelines, the Group monitors its LCR and maintains a portfolio of HQLAs as part of its LCR monitoring and reporting obligations to the UAE Central Bank. As at 31 March 2025, the Group held a portfolio of net HQLAs valued at AED 413.9 billion and had a LCR of 132.4 per cent.
Liquidity risk arises in the general funding of the Group's financing, trading and investment activities and in the management of liquidity positions. This risk involves the risk of unexpected increases in the cost of funding the portfolio of assets at appropriate maturities and rates, the risk of being unable to liquidate a position in a timely manner on reasonable terms and the risk that depositors could withdraw their funds at a rate faster than the rate at which borrowers repay their loans, thus causing liquidity strain.
The Group seeks to maintain liquid assets at prudent levels to ensure that cash can be made available quickly to honour its obligations, even under adverse conditions. To further address liquidity risk, the Group's management has established liquidity monitoring procedures and is diversifying the Group's funding sources in terms of origin and tenor. In addition, the Group maintains a statutory deposit with the UAE Central Bank and has a range of credit lines from banks and financial institutions.
The following table sets out the Group's cash and balances with central banks, repurchase agreements and due from financial institutions compared to total assets as at 31 March 2025.
| As at 31 March 2025 |
|
|---|---|
| AED million | |
| Cash and balances with central banks, reverse repurchase agreements and | |
| due from banks and financial institutions | 372,195 |
| As at 31 March 2025 |
|
|---|---|
| AED million | |
| Loans, advances and Islamic financing | 548,265 |
| Investments at fair value through profit or loss, Derivative financial | |
| instruments, Non-trading investment securities, Investments in associates | |
| and Investment properties | 310,157 |
| Property and equipment, intangibles and other assets |
75,951 |
| Total assets | 1,306,568 |
The day-to-day management of liquidity within the framework of the Group's liquidity risk policy is the responsibility of the asset and liability management desk with global markets which is overseen in this regard by the Group Asset and Liability Committee. The Group uses a maturity ladder (time bucket) approach for managing its liquidity.
The Group's liabilities, in particular its customer deposits, are principally short-term in nature whereas its assets, in particular its loans, advances and Islamic financing, are generally of a longer term. The Group believes that this apparent maturity gap is mitigated by the fact that a large part of its customer deposits, although contractually of a short-term nature, as is customary practice in the UAE, historically have been maintained for longer periods. The Group believes that this reflects the strength of its relationship with its principal depositors. Other mitigants include the Group's liquid asset balances, including a part of its investment portfolio and the fact that a number of its loans repay on an instalment basis. Notwithstanding these mitigants, there remains a risk that the Group could be exposed to liquidity risks should there be a significant downturn in market conditions allied with a significant removal of deposits from the Group.
With respect to liquidity risk related ratios, the UAE Central Bank made it mandatory for all UAE based banks to comply with the Eligible Liquid Assets Ratio ("ELAR") and an Advances to Stable Resources Ratio ("ASRR") as of 1 January 2016, while giving an option for banks to apply for compliance with the Basel III LCR and NSFR in accordance with the timelines set by FAB for International Settlements. All the aforementioned liquidity ratios are monitored and reviewed by the Group Asset and Liability Committee.
In the ordinary course of its business, the Group enters into a range of transactions that involve derivative instruments. In these transactions, the Group assists its customers and counterparties (typically other financial institutions) in altering their risk profile in a particular area by structuring transactions to meet the particular needs of the customer or counterparty. The positions accumulated from such activity are typically passed on to others in the market but may also be managed as open positions with a view to a limited profit. The Group manages the risks involved in this activity through appropriate limits and stop loss parameters established and monitored by the risk management division.
The Group also enters into derivative transactions to hedge its currency, interest rate and cash flow risks as part of its asset and liability management activities. This hedging may be in respect of specific financial instruments, forecasted transactions or strategic hedging against overall balance sheet exposures.
The total derivatives book by notional value as at 31 March 2025 was AED 2,907.9 billion (with a net mark-to-market of negative AED 8.5 billion).
Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes/people/systems or from external events, including fraud. The Group has set up an independent operational risk team within the risk management unit for development and automation of an operational risk framework, for monitoring of operational losses on a regular basis and for necessary reporting to executive management. The Group has a dedicated team for the purposes of investigating suspected incidents of fraud.
Detailed operational manuals, internal control mechanisms (including segregation of duties, access, authorisation and reconciliation procedures, staff education and assessment processes), periodic reviews and internal and external audits are tools employed for sound assessment, monitoring and management of operational risk in the Group's business. The Group has in place an enterprise fraud risk monitoring system to monitor suspicious transactions.
Legal risk is the risk of losses due to legal or regulatory action that invalidates or otherwise precludes performance by the Group or any of its counterparties under the terms of its contractual agreements. The Group seeks to mitigate this risk through the use of properly reviewed standardised documentation and obtaining appropriate legal advice in relation to its non-standard documentation.
The Group operates under the direction of the Board of Directors (the "Board"), which is the principal decision-making forum with overall responsibility for the Group's strategy and for monitoring the performance of the Group's businesses and executive management. As at the date of this Base Prospectus, the Board comprises 11 non-executive members. Each member of the Board is elected at a shareholders' general assembly meeting for a period of three years. All elected directors seeking to serve an additional term are required to seek re-election by the shareholders every three years.
The primary mandate of the Board is to align the Group's strategic objectives, risk appetite and overall corporate governance framework with the best interests of the Group and thereby maximise value for shareholders. This mandate is coupled with responsibility for monitoring and maintaining the Group's financial and economic stability and safeguarding the rights and benefits of all of the Group's stakeholders. Decisions of the Board are, with limited exceptions, made by majority votes of those present (in person or by proxy) at the meeting. The Board and the Group's executive management have delegated certain powers to committees, as described below.
The roles of the Chairman of the Board and the Group Chief Executive Officer are separate and independent of one another and there is a clear segregation of their respective duties and responsibilities. The Chairman's main responsibility is to lead the Board and ensure the effective engagement and contribution of all directors, so that the Board may fully discharge its legal and regulatory responsibilities.
The Board appoints the Group Chief Executive Officer and specifies their powers and authority. The day-to-day management of the Group's business has been delegated by the Board to the Group Chief Executive Officer, who is assisted by the other members of executive management. The Group Chief Executive Officer, assisted by the other members of executive management, is responsible for controlling and monitoring the Group's business on a day-to-day basis, recommending strategy to the Board, leading executive management and implementing the Board's strategic and operational decisions.
Any candidate for appointment as a director must be considered and approved by the Board's Remuneration and Nomination Committee, the UAE Central Bank and the Group's shareholders at its general assembly.
The table below shows the names of the members of the Board as at the date of this Base Prospectus.
| Name | Position |
|---|---|
| H.H. Sheikh Tahnoon Bin Zayed Al Nahyan |
Chairman |
| H.E. Sheikh Mohamed Bin Saif Al Nahyan |
Vice-Chairman |
| H.E. Jassem Mohammed Bu Ataba Al Zaabi |
Board Member |
| H.E. Dr. Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber | Board Member |
| H.E. Mariam Bint Mohammed Saeed Hareb Almheiri | Board Member |
| H.E. Sheikh Ahmed Mohammed Sultan S. Al Dhaheri | Board Member |
| H.E. Mohammed Thani Murshed Ghannam Al rumaithi |
Board Member |
| H.E. Mohammed Saif Al Suwaidi |
Board Member |
| H.E. Waleed Al Mokarrab Al Muhairi |
Board Member |
| H.E. Homaid Abdulla Al Shimmari | Board Member |
| H.E. Khalifa Ateeq Al Mazrouei |
Board Member |
Detailed below is brief biographical information about each member of the Board as at the date of this Base Prospectus.
His Highness Sheikh Tahnoon bin Zayed Al Nahyan has been the Chairman since March 2017.
In addition, H.H. Sheikh Tahnoon chairs several leading business groups in Abu Dhabi. These include International Holding Company PJSC ("IHC"), the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority ("ADIA"), one of the world's largest sovereign wealth funds, which manages over \$800 billion in assets, Abu Dhabi Holding Company ("ADQ") (formerly, Abu Dhabi Developmental Holding Company PJSC) and G42, a leading group in artificial intelligence and cloud computing.
H.H. Sheikh Tahnoon was appointed Deputy Ruler of Abu Dhabi on 29 March 2023 by the President of the UAE, H.H. Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan. He also serves as the National Security Adviser of the UAE, a position he has held since 14 February 2016. In December 2020, H.H. Sheikh Tahnoon was announced as a member of the board of the Supreme Council for Financial and Economic Affairs. This council was established to oversee Abu Dhabi's financial, investment, and economic affairs, including the management of natural resources.
His Excellency Sheikh Mohamed bin Saif Al Nahyan has served as Vice Chairman of the Board since March 2017. He also chairs the BMC and the REMCO.
An experienced business professional with more than 20 years' experience in family business, real estate and investment, H.E. Sheikh Mohamed manages several projects across the UAE.
H.E Sheikh Mohamed is the Chairman of Abu Dhabi National Insurance Company PJSC and is a member of its BRESGC.
H.E. Sheikh Mohamed holds a degree in international economics and history from the American University of Paris, France.
His Excellency Jassem Mohammed Bu Ataba Al Zaabi was appointed to the Board in February 2020 and chairs the BAC.
H.E. Al Zaabi is the Chairman of the Department of Finance – Abu Dhabi, Secretary General of Abu Dhabi's Supreme Council for Financial and Economic Affairs and is a member of the Abu Dhabi Executive Council.
H.E. Al Zaabi is the Secretary General of Artificial Intelligence & Advanced Technology Council and the Chairman of Abu Dhabi Pension Fund, Q Holding PJSC, Modon Properties PJSC, and e& PJSC.
He also serves as the Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors of the UAE Central Bank and ADQ.
He is a board member of ADIA, Abu Dhabi National Oil Company ("ADNOC"), Tawazun Economic Council, as well as a member of the Education and Human Resources Council.
H.E. Al Zaabi holds a master's degree in business administration from the London Business School.
His Excellency Dr. Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber was appointed to the Board in February 2020 and chairs the BRESGC.
H.E Dr. Al Jaber is a member of the UAE Cabinet, Minister of Industry and Advanced Technology, and is the UAE's Special Envoy for Climate Change. He was the President for COP28, which was held in the UAE. He is also the Managing Director and Group CEO of ADNOC, a member of the Abu Dhabi Supreme Council for Financial and Economic Affairs, Chairman of the Emirates Development Bank and Chairman of Masdar, Abu Dhabi's renewable energy initiative. He is also a board member of the Emirates Investment Authority, Emirates Global Aluminium, Mubadala Investment Company, Advanced Technology Research Council and chairs the board of trustees of the Mohammed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence.
H.E Dr. Al Jaber previously served as founding Chief Executive Officer of Masdar, Chief Executive Officer of the Energy platform at Mubadala and Chairman of the Abu Dhabi Ports Company.
H.E. Dr. Al Jaber holds a Ph.D. in Business and Economics from Coventry University in the United Kingdom, a master's degree in business administration from California State University and a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering from the University of Southern California.
Her Excellency Mariam Bint Mohammed Saeed Hareb Almheiri was appointed to the Board in February 2023 and is a member of the BRESGC.
H.E. Almheiri is the Head of the International Affairs Office at the Presidential Court of the UAE and is the Chief Executive Officer of 2PointZero, a subsidiary of IHC.
H.E. Almheiri previously served as the UAE Minister of Climate Change and Environment spearheading the UAE's drive to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change, protect the country's ecosystems, and enhance its food and water security through developing and implementing effective measures, policies and initiatives. She also represented the UAE in the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organisation and prior to this appointment was the Minister of State for Food and Water Security.
H.E. Almheiri is a board member of Q Holding, Abu Dhabi Fund for Development and the International Humanitarian and Philanthropic Council.
H.E. Almheiri holds master's and bachelor's degrees in mechanical engineering, each from the Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule in Aachen, Germany.
His Excellency Sheikh Ahmed Mohammed Sultan Al Dhaheri was appointed to the Board in March 2017 and is a member of the BRESGC and the BAC.
H.E. Sheikh Ahmed also serves as Vice Chairman of the board for Abu Dhabi Aviation and the Vice Chairman and Managing Director of Abu Dhabi National Hotels Company, a board member for e& PJSC, Al Dhafra Insurance PSC, the Al Dhaheri Group and as board member and Managing Director of Abu Dhabi Refreshments Company (Pepsi Cola).
H.E. Sheikh Ahmed holds a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the UAE University.
His Excellency Mohammed Thani Murshed Ghannam Al Rumaithi was appointed to the Board in March 2017 and is a member of the BRESGC and the REMCO.
H.E. Al Rumaithi's contributions to Abu Dhabi's business growth are manifold. He has served in several government and regional positions dedicated to boosting economic development and trade, including multiple years as Chairman of the Abu Dhabi Chamber of Commerce and Industry, President of the Federation of Chambers of the Gulf Cooperation Council, Vice President of the US-UAE Business Council and board member of the UK-UAE Business Council.
H.E. Al Rumaithi also serves as Chairman of Alpha Dhabi Holding PJSC and the National Marine Dredging Company.
H.E. Al Rumaithi holds a bachelor's degree in business administration.
His Excellency Mohamed Saif Al Suwaidi was appointed to the Board in March 2017 and is a member of the BMC and BAC.
H.E. Al Suwaidi is the Director General of the Abu Dhabi Fund for Development, an autonomous funding institution established by the Government of Abu Dhabi in 1971 to offer development aid and programmes to developing nations to advance their economic and social objectives. Since 2008, H.E. Al Suwaidi has led the Abu Dhabi Fund for Development in disbursing development assistance in excess of AED 190 billion, benefiting over 100 countries worldwide, in addition to managing the fund's resources.
With more than 30 years of experience in finance, business management, infrastructure development and institutional administration, H.E. Al Suwaidi is also involved in several regional, national and international organisations. He serves as Vice Chairman of the Arab Bank for Investment and Foreign Trade (Al Masraf), and Deputy Governor of the Board of Governors of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. He is also a board member of the Emirates Development Bank, DP World and the Al Jazira Sports and Cultural Club, as well as being Head of the Abu Dhabi Tourism Investments Company (ADTIC Egypt) and Abu Dhabi Uzbekistan Investment.
H.E Al Suwaidi holds a bachelor's degree in business administration from California Baptist University, United States.
His Excellency Waleed Al Mokarrab Al Muhairi was appointed to the Board in February 2020 and is a member of the BMC and the REMCO.
As Deputy Group Chief Executive Officer of Mubadala Investment Company, a sovereign investor owned by the government of Abu Dhabi, H.E. Al Muhairi has strategic oversight of the company's broad investment portfolio and special projects at the group level. He is also a member of Mubadala's Investment Committee, and Chairman of its new Investment and Business Planning Committee. Furthermore, he has oversight of the real estate and infrastructure, and diversified business platforms within Mubadala.
H.E. Al Muhairi was one of the principal architects of the Abu Dhabi 2030 Economic Vision. He is also Chairman of Waha Capital, Mubadala Capital, the Global Institute for Disease Elimination, and the US-UAE Business Council. In addition, he is the Vice Chairman of Aldar, and a member of the board of trustees of Cleveland Clinic, United States.
H.E. Al Muhairi also serves as a board member of Hub71, Ellipses Pharma Limited, Abu Dhabi Investment Council, Investcorp Holdings Bahrain, and M42.
H.E. Al Muhairi holds a master's degree in public policy from Harvard, and a Bachelor of Science degree in foreign service from Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.
His Excellency Homaid Abdulla Al Shimmari was appointed to the Board in February 2023 and is a member of the BRESGC and BAC.
H.E. Al Shimmari is the Deputy Group Chief Executive Officer and Chief Corporate and Human Capital Officer in Mubadala Investment Company. He was previously Chief Executive Officer of Mubadala Investment Company's Aerospace and Engineering Services platform, focused on the strategic vision and plans for developing technologically advanced industries within Abu Dhabi and the UAE.
H.E. Al Shimmari also serves as Chairman of Maximus Air Cargo and Solutions Plus and is a board member of Abu Dhabi Aviation and Waha Capital. He is also Vice Chairman of the board of trustees for UAE University and Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research.
H.E. Al Shimmari holds a bachelor's degree in Aeronautical Engineering from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University and holds a Black Belt in Six Sigma from General Electric.
His Excellency Khalifa Ateeq Al Mazrouei was appointed to the Board in February 2023 and is a member of the BAC.
H.E. Al Mazrouei is also the Group Chief Investment Officer at Abu Dhabi Capital Group. He also served as a Senior Manager at the Internal Equities Department - Active Europe at ADIA and has held leading positions in Internal Equities Department and Internal Audit since he joined ADIA in 2008.
H.E. Al Mazrouei holds a bachelor's degree from the Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi. He is a Certified Internal Auditor and a Chartered Financial Analyst.
The business address of each member of the Board is First Abu Dhabi Bank PJSC, FAB Building, Khalifa Business Park – Al Qurm District, P.O. Box 6316, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Certain members of the Board, their families and companies of which they, or members of their families, are principal owners, or of which they are employees, are customers of the Group in the ordinary course of business. The transactions with these parties are made at arm's length and on substantially the same terms, including interest rates, as those prevailing at the same time for comparable transactions with unrelated parties. See further "Selected Financial Information – Related Party Transactions" and Note 29 (Related parties) to the Interim Financial Information.
Except as disclosed in the next paragraph, no member of the Board named in the table above has any actual or potential conflict of interest between his duties to the Group and his private interests and/or other duties.
Each of the directors of the Group named in the table above has outside interests in entities other than the Group, including employment and/or directorships with third parties (as set out in their respective biographies). Given the wide scope of the Group's operations, such entities have banking and/or other commercial relationships with the Group. Some Board members also have personal banking relationships with the Group. As the directors are involved in the Group's decision-making process and have knowledge of the Group's products and services, including the commercial terms thereof, a potential conflict of interest may arise. However, the Group has established robust internal procedures to deal with any such potential conflict, including the relevant director being excluded from voting at board meetings on issues which relate to the relevant director's and/or other connected entity's dealings with the Group.
The Group is committed to managing all related party transactions and potential conflicts of interest which may arise and to meet the Group's obligations to maintain and operate effective organisational and administrative arrangements with a view to taking all reasonable steps to identify, monitor and manage related party transactions and conflicts of interest.
The Group's code of conduct covers the conduct of members of the Board. The code binds signatories to the highest standards of professionalism and due diligence in the performance of their duties. It also covers conflicts of interest, disclosure and the confidentiality of insider information. Members of the Board are bound by specific regulations relating to insider trading and are required to disclose details of their shareholdings in the Group.
The Group maintains a register for all conflict of interest cases.
The Board has established the following four Board-level committees which are described below. The roles and authorities of each Board committee are defined and delegated by the Board and are described in each committee's charter. Each Board committee reviews its charter on a periodic basis and submits any recommendations for amendments or updates to the Board for approval. The Board committees also submit reports to the Board's Chairman each quarter regarding their respective duties.
The REMCO recommends and oversees the appointment of and termination of the Group's Board and succession planning for the Group Executive Committee members. This includes an assessment of the skills, knowledge and expertise needed to ensure they are positioned to discharge their responsibilities in the interests of the shareholders and the Group. The REMCO also reviews and recommends to the Board the Group's reward policy framework, approves and oversees reward design and ensures that it is appropriate and consistent with the Group's culture, values, business, performance and risk strategy. The REMCO meets at least twice a year or more frequently as deemed necessary.
As at the date of this Base Prospectus, the members of the REMCO were: H.E. Sheikh Mohammed Bin Saif Al Nahyan – Chairman, H.E Waleed Al Mokarrab Al Muhairi, and H.E Mohammed Thani Murshed Ghannam Al Rumaithi.
A quorum of a majority of the members is required to convene a meeting of the REMCO. Only members of the REMCO are entitled to attend the committee's meetings. With the Chair's approval, the Group Chief Executive Officer may act as a permanent invitee along with the Group Chief Human Resources Officer who is a permanent attendee at the REMCO. Other senior members of staff at FAB or external advisers may be invited as deemed necessary to facilitate the duties and objectives of the committee.
The BMC approves and oversees execution of the Group's business plan as per the strategy approved by the Board, and oversees and reviews material aspects of the business of the Group. The BMC meets quarterly or more frequently as deemed necessary.
As at the date of this Base Prospectus, the members of the BMC were: H.E. Sheikh Mohamed Bin Saif Al Nahyan – Chairman, H.E Mohammed Saif Al Suwaidi and H.E. Waleed Al Mokarrab Al Muhairi.
A quorum of a majority of the members is required to convene a meeting of the BMC and only members of the BMC are entitled to attend the committee's meetings. With the Chair's approval, the Group Chief Executive Officer will act as a permanent invitee. Other senior management or external advisers may be invited as and when deemed necessary to facilitate the duties and objectives of the committee.
The BRESGC provides oversight and advice to the Board in relation to current and potential future risk. It also considers and helps direct future risk and ESG strategies, including determination of risk appetite and tolerance as well as promote a risk and ESG awareness culture within the Group. The BRESGC meets quarterly or more frequently as deemed necessary.
As at the date of this Base Prospectus, the members of the BRESGC were: H.E. Dr. Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber – Chairman, H.E. Sheikh Ahmed Mohammed Sultan Al Dhaheri, H.E Homaid Abdulla Al Shimmari, H.E Mariam Bint Mohammed Saeed Hareb Almheiri and H.E Mohammed Thani Murshed Ghannam Al Rumaithi.
A quorum of a majority of the members is required to convene a meeting of the BRESGC. Only members of the BRESGC are entitled to attend the committee's meetings. Subject to the Chair's approval, the Group Chief Executive Officer and the Group Chief Risk Officer will act as permanent invitees. Other senior members of staff or external advisers may be invited as and when deemed necessary to facilitate the duties and objectives of the committee.
The BAC ensures quality and integrity of financial statements and financial reporting. It also ensures the effectiveness of the Group's: (i) internal control, risk management, and governance systems; (ii) compliance functions; (iii) internal audit function; and (iv) the Islamic financial institution's governance systems and policies. The BAC also seeks to ensure the Group's general compliance with applicable laws and regulations. The BAC meets quarterly or more frequently as deemed necessary.
As at the date of this Base Prospectus, the members of the BAC were: H.E. Jassem Mohammed Bu Ataba Al Zaabi – Chairman, H.E. Mohammed Saif Al Suwaidi, H.E. Homaid Abdulla Al Shimmari, H.E. Sheikh Ahmed Mohammed Sultan Al Dhaheri and H.E. Khalifa Ateeq Al Mazrouei.
A quorum of at least three members (inclusive of the Chairman) is required to convene a meeting of the BAC. The Committee may invite any director, members of senior management or other person to attend any meeting of the BAC, as it may from time to time consider desirable to assist it in the attainment of its objectives.
The Group has an experienced executive management team which is responsible for day-to-day supervision and control of the Group's business, particularly with respect to ensuring functionality of compliance and risk control, independence of functions, and separation of duties. Business policies, accounting policies and operations procedures and controls are documented and communicated through policies and standard operating procedures manuals which cover all areas and activities of the Group. All significant policies are reviewed and approved by the Board.
| Name | Position |
|---|---|
| Ms. Hana Al Rostamani | Group Chief Executive Officer |
| Mr. Lars Kramer |
Group Chief Financial Officer |
| Mr. Keith Macdonald | Group Chief Operations Officer |
| Name | Position |
|---|---|
| Mr. Chris Jaques |
Group Chief Risk Officer |
| Mr. Simon Thorn |
Group Chief Compliance Officer |
| Ms. Futoon AlMazrouei | Group Head of Personal, Business, Wealth and Privileged Client |
| Banking | |
| Mr. Noora Al Reyasi | Group Chief Human Resources Officer |
| Mr. Martin Tricaud |
Group Head of Wholesale Banking |
| Mr. Pantelis (Linos) D. Lekkas | Group Head of Investment Banking & Markets |
| Mr. Omar Hafeez |
Group Head of International Banking |
| Mr. Divyesh Vithlani |
Group Chief Technology & Transformation Officer |
| Mr. Nurendra Perera |
Group Chief Audit Officer |
| Mr. Antoine Sokhn | Acting Group Chief Credit Officer – Personal, Business, Wealth |
| and Privileged Client Banking Group | |
| Mr. Harsimrat Singh | Acting Group Chief Credit Officer – IB & Markets, Wholesale |
| Banking, International Banking and Portfolio Management |
Detailed below is brief biographical information about each member of the Group's executive management team as at the date of this Base Prospectus.
Hana Al Rostamani has more than 25 years of experience in banking and financial services and, on being appointed in January 2021, was the first female Chief Executive Officer of a UAE-based bank. Hana was highest-ranked female Chief Executive Officer in the MENA region in Forbes Middle East's "Top CEOs" in 2023, and was among the top 15 global women finance leaders.
Hana was previously Deputy Group Chief Executive Officer and Group Head of Personal Banking at FAB. Prior to joining FAB, Hana held various roles at First Gulf Bank, Citibank and AW Rostamani Group. She is also a board member of several entities, including: Buna, the Arab Monetary Fund's crossborder payment system aimed at strengthening investment ties among Arab economies; the Institute of International Finance (IIF), the financial industry's global association; the IMD, a renowned academic institution consistently ranked among the leading management and executive education centres globally; and the US-UAE Business Council.
Hana also served as Chair of the Global Council on the Sustainable Development Goals and retains a keen interest in development goal seven, "Affordable and Clean Energy".
Hana holds a bachelor's degree in business administration and a master's degree in information managements, each from George Washington University, United States.
Lars Kramer joined FAB from Netherlands-based ABN AMRO where he was Chief Financial Officer from June 2021. He has extensive banking industry experience across several senior leadership positions including as Chief Financial Officer at Hellenic Bank. Lars worked at ING for almost 20 years, where he was Chief Financial Officer for ING Direct, ING Retail Banking Direct and International, and ING Commercial Bank.
Lars is a Chartered Accountant and holds a Bachelor of Science in Accounting from the University of South Africa and a Master of Business Administration from the University of Cape Town, specialising in finance, markets, and strategy.
Keith Macdonald has over 25 years of experience in banking, technology and financial services and has led operations and business teams across the US, Europe and Asia during his career.
Prior to joining FAB, Keith was the Global Chief Operating Officer for Corporate, Commercial & Institutional Banking and the Europe & Americas region at Standard Chartered Bank. He also held a senior leadership role at Bear Stearns, working on structured equity products as Senior Managing Director for technology.
In addition to his executive roles, Keith was a Non-Executive Director and Chair of the Remuneration Committee at SMBC Bank International in the UK and is an Advisory Board Member at Fenergo Group. He has founded a volunteer coaching network that mentors over 500 women annually.
Keith holds a First-Class Honours degree in Mathematics from Heriot-Watt University, with a specialisation in Fluid Mechanics and Computer Science.
Chris Jaques has more than 30 years of experience across global financial markets and has held various leadership roles in fixed income derivatives trading, multi-asset fund management, and risk management. Before joining FAB, Chris was based in London, where he served as the Chief Risk Officer for the UK and Ireland and Global Head of Enterprise Risk Management at Deutsche Bank.
Chris holds a master's of business administration from the Cranfield School of Management, UK.
Simon Thorn has over three decades of experience in the compliance sector and has held a number of international leadership roles, most recently as Chief Compliance Officer at Barclays Bank PLC in the United Kingdom. He held various senior leadership positions at Barclays including Deputy Group Compliance Officer and Head of Barclays Compliance Services. Prior to this, he held senior leadership positions in compliance in several high-profile organisations, including Merrill Lynch, Nomura, and UK financial services regulators.
Simon holds a bachelor's degree in economics from the University of Wales.
Futoon AlMazrouei has over 15 years of experience in the banking sector and has held a number of leadership positions within FAB's consumer banking business, including Head of Elite Banking.
Futoon is the Council Member for Visa and Member for Mastercard MENA Executive Council (MMEC). She also sits on the boards of several prominent companies in the GCC and North Africa such as FAB Islamic, WIO Bank, Bank FABMISR. She is a board member of the Sheikha Fatima Fund for Women Refugees.
Futoon has been named one of the Middle East's Top Women in Banking by Global Money Monitor in 2023 and is the first woman to sit on the board of the Abu Dhabi National Insurance Company (ADNIC).
Futoon holds a Bachelor of Science and Mathematics degree from UAE University, Al Ain and graduated from the Executive Program in International Management at Stanford Graduate School of Management in Singapore.
Noora Al Reyasi has over 24 years of experience in the banking and telecom industries. Noora also chairs several key committees, including the Recognition Committee and the Nationalisation Taskforce, and is a member of ESG and customer protection governance bodies.
Prior to joining FAB in 2010, Noora held senior HR roles at First Gulf Bank and Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (Etisalat).
Noora holds a bachelor's degree in business administration and has completed executive education at London Business School and advanced human resource programmes at Michigan Ross.
Martin Tricaud has over 30 years of banking and corporate finance experience across institutional businesses. Prior to joining FAB, Martin held several senior positions with HSBC group, including Deputy Chairman and as the Chief Executive Officer for the Middle East, North Africa and Turkey, and was Group General Manager at HSBC. He was also the Chief Executive Officer for HSBC Australia and for HSBC Korea and held senior leadership positions over two decades at HSBC Global Banking and Markets across the Middle East, the UK and Europe.
In addition, Martin is the Chairman of FAB's Suisse subsidiary and Vice Chairman of FAB Capital Saudi Arabia. He is also a trustee of the Universite Paris II Assas, Sorbonne, and was appointed by French Prime Minister decree a Conseiller du Commerce Exterieur de la France in 2001.
Martin is a graduate of the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris, holds a master's in law from La Sorbonne University, Paris, and a bachelor's degree in history from Paris Nanterre University.
Pantelis (Linos) D. Lekkas has three decades of experience in advisory and capital markets. Prior to joining FAB, Linos held senior leadership roles at Citi, including Vice Chairman of Investment Banking for Europe and the Middle East, and Head of Corporate Banking and Investment Banking for Citibank Europe Plc (CEP). During his tenure, he had responsibility for corporate and investment banking activities across key regions such as Continental Europe, the Middle East and Africa, significantly contributing to the firm's banking, capital markets and advisory operations.
Earlier in his career, Linos held investment banking leadership roles at Bank of America Merrill Lynch, covering Greece and Cyprus and Southeast Europe. He began his banking career at Credit Suisse, starting in Telecoms before moving to Country Coverage.
Linos holds a BSc (First Class Honours) in Business Economics from Queen Mary & Westfield College, University of London, and an MPhil (Merit) in Finance from Robinson College, Cambridge University.
Omar Hafeez has worked in various countries including Pakistan, Tanzania, Nigeria, USA, Japan and the UAE in executive roles. Prior to joining FAB, Omar held several senior leadership roles at Citibank over three decades focused on both emerging and developing markets. Most recently, he served as Citibank's CEO and Banking Head for the North Africa, Levant, and Central Asia cluster, overseeing operations in 9 countries including Egypt, Turkey, and Kazakhstan.
Omar is a Fellow of both the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England & Wales (ICAEW) and the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Pakistan (ICAP) and holds a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) from the University of London.
Divyesh Vithlani has nearly 30 years of experience in technology, transformation, and operations. Prior to joining FAB, he served as Group Chief Transformation Officer at Standard Chartered Bank.
Before his tenure at Standard Chartered, Divyesh spent 11 years at Accenture in London and Singapore, focusing on technology consulting and digital transformation. He also spent 17 years at Credit Suisse in Singapore and Switzerland, where he held leadership roles in technology and operations.
Divyesh holds a bachelor's degree in computing science from Aston University in the UK.
Nurendra Perera has more than 30 years of banking experience and has held senior positions in governance, risk management, compliance and internal audit in prominent UAE and international banks.
Nurendra holds a Master's Degree in Business Administration, having majored in Finance Honours from University of Leicester (UK), a Post Graduate Diploma in Consortium Executive Leadership & Organisation Design from University of INSEAD, including the following internationally accredited qualifications: CIA, CFSA and CRMA from the Institute of Internal Auditors (USA), CISA and CRISC from ISACA (USA), CIB from The Chartered Institute of Bankers (UK).
The business address of each member of the executive management is First Abu Dhabi Bank PJSC, FAB Building, Khalifa Business Park – Al Qurm District, P.O. Box 6316, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Antoine Sokhn has over 30 years of experience in the Banking sector, and has held several leadership positions in Credit and Risk management in the UAE, Kuwait, UK and France.
Prior to joining FAB, Antoine held senior roles at National Bank of Kuwait and Kuwait International Bank where he led the Risk Management function and had worked on the strategic conversion of the Bank from conventional to Islamic banking. Antoine has experience in complex credit structuring across multiple products, various industries and jurisdictions, wealth management and consumer lending.
Antoine holds a Master's degree in Banking and Finance and Bachelor's degree in International Economics and Finance from Sorbonne University, Paris.
Harsimrat has 22 years of experience in Coverage, Product, and Credit, having worked in international banking institutions including Deutsche Bank, ANZ Bank, and Standard Chartered Bank. His experience spans Singapore, Dubai, the Philippines and India. Harsimrat joined FAB in May 2023 from the Asian Development Bank (ADB), where he was a Principal Risk Management Specialist, working on the approval and underwriting of structured project financing transactions across markets such as Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Georgia, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka.
He holds an MBA degree from XLRI Jamshedpur and an Engineering degree from Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur.
No member of the Group's executive management has any actual or potential conflict of interest between his duties to the Group and his private interests and/or other duties.
Brief descriptions of the Group's Tier 1 management committees are set out below.
The EXCO is the Group's most senior management level committee and it operates under a delegated authority from the Board. The EXCO supports the Group Chief Executive Officer to determine and implement the Group's strategy as approved by the Board.
As at the date of this Base Prospectus, the EXCO had 13 voting members with one non-voting member (the Group Chief Audit Officer).
The Group Risk Committee operates under a delegated authority from the EXCO and also assists the BRESGC. The primary objectives of the Group Risk Committee are to define, develop and periodically monitor the Group's risk appetite along with its related methodology, parameters, targets, and tolerances taking into account the Group's strategy and business planning. In addition, the committee is accountable to highlight, discuss and monitor key regulations, both local and international and as they apply to all businesses where the Group operates. The committee will report relevant matters to the EXCO and, as appropriate, the BRESGC, advising and informing them as required on the Group's risk appetite and framework and on key compliance and other regulatory risk matters.
As at the date of this Base Prospectus, the Group Risk Committee had 14 voting members.
For further information on the Group's risk management processes, see "Risk Management".
The Group Compliance Committee operates under a delegated authority from the EXCO. It also assists the BAC in fulfilling its objective of overseeing the Group's regulatory responsibilities as well as ensuring the Group's compliance with the applicable laws and regulations issued by various regulatory authorities.
As at the date of this Base Prospectus, the Group Compliance Committee had 11 voting members, with the Group Chief Executive Officer serving as chair of the committee.
The Group Credit Committee operates under a delegated authority from the EXCO and supports the work of the BMC (and the BRESGC) in assisting in the development and implementation of the Group's credit strategy and related policies and procedures.
As at the date of this Base Prospectus, the Group Credit Committee had eight voting members, with the Group Chief Credit Officer serving as the chair of the committee.
The Group Asset and Liability Committee operates under a delegated authority from the EXCO and is the driving force and key decision maker behind the structure and quality of the balance sheet. The committee is directly accountable to the BRESGC for ensuring that the risks within the Group's asset and liability position are prudently managed by way of strong Group policy and procedures and an appropriate risk framework.
As at the date of this Base Prospectus, the Group Asset and Liability Committee had 11 voting members.
The principal role of the Human Resources Steering Committee is to assist the EXCO and the REMCO in fulfilling their respective duties with regard to implementing strategic as well as operational human resources initiatives. The committee's role is also to approve human resource initiatives and policies to ensure that the Group's requirements from an employee perspective are considered and changes, as necessary, are approved or are submitted for approval to the relevant governance body. The committee is the formal sponsor of all material human resources initiatives across the Group in line with the Group's employee value proposition.
As at the date of this Base Prospectus, the Human Resources Steering Committee had nine voting members.
The Group Technology Steering Committee operates under a delegated authority from the EXCO. It assists in fulfilling EXCO's governance and oversight responsibilities of all technology and information systems across the Group and supports the BRESGC in its oversight of the Group's IT governance framework. The Group Technology Steering Committee makes recommendations to EXCO regarding significant technology investments in support of the Group's strategy. The Group Technology Steering Committee ensures alignment of business strategies with technology priorities and acts to protect and enhance the shareholders' investment in technology.
As at date of this Base Prospectus, the Group Technology Steering Committee had eight voting members.
The Group Operational and Fraud Risk Committee operates under a delegated authority from the EXCO to assist the EXCO in fulfilling its objective of overseeing the Group's operational risk management, business continuity and information security responsibilities. The Group Operational and Fraud Risk Committee is responsible for managing and reporting the Group's operational risk profile, ratifying the Group's procedures and integrating the Group's business continuity management policy and business recovery strategy.
As at date of this Base Prospectus, the Group Operational and Fraud Risk Committee had 10 voting members.
The Group Technology Risk and Information Security Committee operates under a delegated authority from the EXCO to assist the BRESGC and the Group Risk Committee. The main objectives of the Group Technology Risk and Information Security Committee are to oversee, review and take decisions in respect of the implementation of the Group's IT security controls to ensure that information assets of the Group are adequately protected and in order to enhance the Group's capabilities in information security matters (including information security risk management, security governance, policy management, security programme management, security architecture, security awareness, security monitoring, cybersecurity, international security compliance and identity access management) in alignment with the principles of the ERMP.
As at the date of this Base Prospectus, the Group Technology Risk and Information Security Committee had 12 voting members.
The Group ESG Committee is the senior authority at management level for decision making on all ESG related matters in the Group. The primary objective of the Group ESG Committee is to oversee the Group's ESG strategy and culture and to promote awareness.
As at the date of this Base Prospectus, the Group ESG Committee had eight voting members.
According to data published by the UAE Central Bank, as at 31 December 2024, there were a total of 48 commercial banks (21 locally incorporated commercial banks and 27 foreign commercial banks) licensed to operate in the UAE (source: UAE Central Bank Annual Report 2024). As a result, the UAE could be, and has historically been, viewed as an over-banked market, even by regional standards and there has traditionally been little impetus for consolidation. However, the consummation of the Merger stimulated further movement towards greater consolidation amongst UAE banks (see "Characteristics of the Banking System – Historic lack of consolidation " below).
According to preliminary estimates published by the Statistics Centre (source: Statistics Centre – Abu Dhabi (SCAD) press release dated 28 March 2025), the financial and insurance sectors in Abu Dhabi contributed approximately AED 77.8 billion (or 6.6 per cent.) to Abu Dhabi's nominal GDP in 2024. Within the UAE as a whole, the financial and insurance sector was estimated to have contributed approximately 8.8 per cent. of GDP (at current prices) in the first half of 2024 (source: FCSC National Accounts GDP H1, 2024).
As a banking regulator, the UAE Central Bank, established in 1980, has grown in stature over the years and is the governing body that regulates and supervises all banks operating in the UAE. The UAE Central Bank monitors banks through its Banking Supervision and Examination Department. It conducts reviews of banks periodically based on the risk profile of each bank. It also reviews all of the returns submitted by banks to the UAE Central Bank.
Historically, the UAE Central Bank does not act as a "lender of last resort", instead this role tends to fall on the individual Emirs of each Emirate. However, the marginal lending facility ("Marginal Lending Facility") allows non-Islamic UAE banks to use certain rated or UAE federal government entity issued assets as collateral to access UAE Central Bank liquidity overnight in order to help their liquidity management (see "– Recent Trends in Banking – Liquidity " below).
The UAE may be, and has historically been, seen as being over-banked with 48 banks (comprising 21 locally incorporated banks and 27 foreign banks) licensed to operate inside the UAE as at 31 December 2024 (source: UAE Central Bank Annual Report 2024), serving a population estimated to be in the region of approximately 9.7 million people at the end of 2023 (source: OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin 2024).
Traditionally there has been little impetus for consolidation, with the federal structure of the UAE encouraging, to some extent, the fragmented nature of the banking sector, with the individual Emirates wishing to retain their own national banks. Rivalries between large local business families and a desire not to dilute shareholdings have also historically hampered the process of consolidation. As a result, during the period between the October 2007 merger of Emirates Bank International P.J.S.C. and National Bank of Dubai P.J.S.C. which created Emirates NBD and 2017 there was very limited merger activity domestically in the sector. However, following the Merger and the acquisition of Noor Bank P.J.S.C by Dubai Islamic Bank P.J.S.C in January 2020, commentators have suggested that the UAE may see more consolidation of the banking sector in order to improve profitability and reduce inefficiencies.
While the anticipated attempts at consolidation would further reduce the level of concentration in the domestic banking sector, they would also likely lead to a significant alteration of the competitive environment with fewer, larger locally incorporated banks competing for the larger financing transactions in the region with the foreign banks, which have tended to have comparatively larger franchises, with greater infrastructure and resources with which to absorb capital costs, such as IT system development.
The UAE incorporated banks are predominantly focused on the UAE market but a number have small operations overseas and are showing growing interest in cross-border business, a trend which is likely to continue in the event of further merger activity in the sector.
With a large number of banks, competing for a limited number of wholesale lending opportunities, most banks historically turned to retail banking, a previously untapped market. However, increasing competition in this area has gradually eroded margins and encouraged a relaxation of lending criteria. Expansion of retail operations has also required heavy investment in distribution channels. As a consequence, IT costs have been a prominent feature of many UAE banks' expenses in addition to employee costs.
In 1987, the UAE federal government placed a freeze on new foreign banks opening operations in the UAE. As a result, international banks have largely established their presence in the UAE banking market through the DIFC (established in 2002) and the ADGM (established in 2013). UAE banks are subject to a requirement that a certain percentage of its shareholding must be held by UAE nationals, limiting foreign ownership of domestic banks. In 2018, this minimum permissible shareholding by UAE nationals in UAE banks was increased to 60 per cent. (Federal Law No. 14 of 2018).
As a member of major indices such as the MSCI Emerging Markets and FTSE Emerging Markets, FAB decided to increase its foreign ownership limit from 25 per cent. to 40 per cent. in order to access greater stock liquidity in 2019. FAB received shareholder approval for this increase in February 2019 and other required regulatory approvals in April 2019.
With much of the economy directly or indirectly dependent on the oil sector, UAE banks are potentially vulnerable to business erosion during long periods of low oil prices (see "Risk Factors – Factors that may affect FAB's ability to fulfil its obligations in respect of the Notes – Risks relating to the UAE and the Middle East – The UAE's economy is highly dependent upon its oil revenue"). In particular, oil revenues tend to drive levels of liquidity and government infrastructure investment. Gradually, however, private non-oil sectors are gaining ground and the UAE economy is becoming less susceptible to oil price movements. For example, oil related GDP continues to dominate Abu Dhabi's economy and contributed approximately 38.5 per cent. to Abu Dhabi's nominal GDP in 2024 (based on preliminary data) compared to approximately 40.8 per cent. in 2023 and approximately 48.0 per cent. in 2022 (source: Abu Dhabi Statistics Center website, 'Key Statistical Indicators', accessed 5 June 2025).
Shari'a (Islamic) law forbids the charging of interest on any financial transaction as one of the key Islamic transaction laws ("Shari'a Principles"). A number of banks have developed in the Islamic world to serve customers who wish to observe such Shari'a Principles. These institutions offer a range of products which, whilst broadly corresponding with conventional banking transactions, are structured in a way which avoids the application of interest and adhere to Shari'a Principles. The UAE is home to numerous institutions offering Islamic banking and financial products. Such institutions include: Dubai Islamic Bank PJSC, Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank PJSC, Emirates Islamic Bank PJSC, Ajman Bank, Sharjah Islamic Bank PJSC, Dubai Islamic Insurance & Reinsurance Company (AMAN), Islamic Arab Insurance Co. (PSC) (Salama), Tamweel and Amlak Finance. In addition, the majority of local and international conventional financial institutions that operate in the UAE offer Shari'a compliant products through their Islamic windows. The number of Islamic banks continues to increase, with both new entrants to the market and existing conventional banks recasting themselves as Islamic banks.
There are three primary sources of law in the UAE: (i) federal laws and decrees; (ii) local laws; and (iii) Shari'a (Islamic) law. In addition, Emiri decrees can be issued by the Rulers of each of the Emirates which, when issued, have full legal effect and operation in such Emirates. The secondary form of law is trade custom or practice. In the absence of federal legislation on areas specifically reserved to federal authority, the Ruler of a given Emirate or local government will apply his or its own rules, regulations and practices.
The main piece of legislation applicable to the banking system is the 2018 Federal Law. The UAE Central Bank's primary roles are to formulate and implement banking, credit, monetary and fiscal policy and to be responsible for ensuring price and currency stability with free convertibility to foreign currencies. It is also the "bank for banks" within the UAE, although it is not the "lender of last resort". In the event of a bank experiencing financial difficulties or a solvency crisis, rescue funds – such as long-term liquidity or equity support – have historically come from the Emirate in which the institution is based. However, in the event of a run on the currency or a major banking crisis, it is likely that the UAE federal government would ultimately stand as de facto defender of the currency and the "lender of last resort".
The 2018 Federal Law grants the UAE Central Bank powers to:
Historically, income from overseas investments has been used to fund fiscal deficits, obviating the need for the UAE Central Bank to issue UAE federal government debt. However, the UAE Central Bank does issue Monetary Bills ("M-Bills") to UAE banks via auction, denominated in UAE dirhams, in order to absorb excess liquidity rather than to meet a specific funding need. The M-Bills programme was launched in January 2021 to replace UAE Central Bank Certificates of Deposit. The secondary market in M-Bills is currently developing but they can be used as collateral for UAE dirham funding from the UAE Central Bank at any time.
The UAE dirham is linked to the IMF's Special Drawing Right. However, the U.S. dollar is the intervention currency and, in practice, the UAE dirham is pegged to the U.S. dollar. This pegged exchange rate has been in place since the 1980s and has proved to be resilient both to political tensions in the region and to fluctuations in oil prices. However, see "Risk Factors – Factors that may affect FAB's ability to fulfil its obligations in respect of the Notes – Risks relating to the UAE and the Middle East – Any alteration to, or abolition of, the foreign exchange "peg" of the UAE dirham or other regional currencies at a fixed exchange rate to the U.S. dollar will expose FAB to U.S. dollar foreign exchange movements against the UAE dirham or other such currencies".
The UAE Central Bank is also responsible for regulating financial institutions in relation to money laundering controls and enforcing Federal Law No. 20 of 2018 regarding the procedures for Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism and Illicit Organisations. Pursuant to this, the UAE has established the National Committee to Counter Money Laundering, Combating the Financing of Terrorism and Financing of Illegal Organisations which is responsible for co-ordinating policy and systems on anti-money laundering and the combating of terrorism financing and assessing the effectiveness of such policies and systems and the representation of the UAE in international forums on these matters. Federal Law No. 20 of 2018 also recommends the establishment of an independent "Financial Information Unit" within the UAE Central Bank to receive and investigate reports submitted by financial institutions and corporate entities regarding suspected illicit financial activity.
Although the UAE Central Bank is responsible for regulating all banks, exchange houses, investment companies and other financial institutions in the UAE, the Dubai Financial Services Authority regulates all banking and financial services activities in the DIFC, while the ADGM Financial Services Regulatory Authority regulates activity in the financial services sector in the ADGM. The UAE Central Bank has also been growing in stature as a banking supervisor. However, it is hampered in its role by the level of legal autonomy afforded to the individual Emirates, which at times makes it difficult to enforce directives uniformly across the banking sector.
The absence of mature bond or equity markets in the UAE means that banks have often shouldered the burden of long-term financing. This has tended to create a maturity mismatch in their balance sheets, as most of their liabilities are short-term customer deposits. Although the two stock markets, the Dubai Financial Market and the ADX (both of which were established in 2000), have grown over recent years and have benefitted from the inclusion of the UAE in the MSCI Emerging Markets Index since 2014, they continue to experience bouts of volatility.
Nasdaq Dubai (formerly known as the Dubai International Financial Exchange) is a securities exchange located in the DIFC which commenced operations on 26 September 2005. In December 2009, the Dubai Financial Market announced its intention to acquire Nasdaq Dubai, with completion of the acquisition having occurred in July 2010. The Dubai Financial Market and the ADX were upgraded to the MSCI Emerging Markets Index with effect from 1 June 2014 which led to an increase in interest and investment from international institutional investors in the UAE.
There is a high degree of state involvement in the UAE banking sector. Most of the larger banks have some degree of government ownership. Privatisation, though advocated in principle, has been slow to manifest in practice. The state and its related entities are together the banking sector's largest customers, in terms of both deposits and project financing.
An unusual feature of the UAE economy is its reliance on overseas labour, with expatriates making up approximately 83.3 per cent. of the workforce (source: FCSA Labour Force Survey 2019). The banking sector is no exception to this and expatriates are employed in the senior management of most of the major banks. This has brought expertise from more developed markets to the sector. However, the high level of expatriates in the UAE has been an increasing concern for the UAE federal government and as part of a policy of "Emiratisation", organisations in the UAE are subject to a scoring system which takes into account the employment and progression of Emirati employees at the organisation. The minimum threshold for Emirati employees for each organisation is dependent on a number of factors. UAE Cabinet Decree number 3/10/267 of 2015 dated 25 October 2015 (the "Emiratisation Circular") does not set any upper limit at which the policy would no longer be applicable. If UAE banks are not able to achieve their targets for recruiting and progressing UAE nationals through their organisation, they will be subject to penalties to be computed in accordance with a specific formula set out in the Emiratisation Circular.
Since 1 January 1999, all UAE banks have been required to prepare their financial statements in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards (formerly International Accounting Standards (IAS)).
Banking institutions in the UAE fall into a number of categories. Domestic commercial banks, also known as "national" banks, of which there were 21 as at 31 December 2024 (source: UAE Central Bank Annual Report 2024), are required to be public shareholding companies with a minimum share capital of AED 40 million and must be majority owned by UAE nationals. Licensed foreign banks, of which there were 38 as at 31 December 2024 (comprising 27 commercial banks and 11 wholesale banks) (source: UAE Central Bank Annual Report 2024), need to demonstrate that at least AED 40 million has been allocated as capital funds for their operations in the UAE. "Financial institutions" (institutions whose principal functions are to extend credit, carry out financial transactions, invest in moveable property and other activities, but which are not permitted to accept funds by way of deposits) and financial and monetary intermediaries (money and stockbrokers) may also be licensed to operate within the UAE.
The performance of the UAE economy is influenced by oil prices, which directly affect fiscal revenues and hence determine the level of investment in government projects (both federal and within each Emirate) in the country (see further "Risk Factors – Factors that may affect FAB's ability to fulfil its obligations in respect of the Notes – Difficult macro-economic and financial market conditions have affected and could continue to materially adversely affect the Group's business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects"). In addition to strong oil revenues, the UAE has seen an inflow of funds from expatriates supporting domestic demand after the COVID-19 pandemic and UAE banks have benefited from rising interest rates. According to Fitch, the average net interest margin of the banking sector in the UAE in the first nine-months of 2024 was 3.1 per cent. compared to 3.2 per cent. in 2023 and 2.8 per cent. in 2022.
The UAE Central Bank closely monitors the level of liquidity in the banking system. It also requires that banks have in place adequate systems and controls to manage their liquidity positions, as well as contingency funding plans to cope with periods of liquidity stress. UAE banks are mostly funded through on demand- or time-based customer deposits made by private individuals or private sector companies.
Banks must also adhere to a maximum loan to deposit ratio of 100 per cent. set by the UAE Central Bank. In this context, loans comprise loans, advances and Islamic financing to customers and interbank assets maturing after three months.
As at 31 March 2025, according to preliminary data made available by the UAE Central Bank:
(source: UAE Central Bank Monthly Statistical Bulletin March 2025).
Since September 2008, the UAE Central Bank has made available an AED 50 billion liquidity facility which banks can draw upon subject to posting eligible debt securities as collateral. The liquidity facility is available only for the purpose of funding existing commitments. New lending is required to be based on growth in the customer deposit base. The UAE Central Bank also established a M-Bill repo facility under which banks can use M-Bills as collateral for UAE dirham funding from the UAE Central Bank.
In line with Basel III requirements, the UAE Central Bank has issued the UAE Central Bank Notice No. 33/2015 on liquidity requirements (which was issued by the UAE Central Bank on 27 May 2015 and which entered into force in 1 July 2015) (the "Liquidity Notice") and which includes a set of qualitative and quantitative liquidity requirements for UAE banks. The qualitative requirements set out in the Liquidity Notice elaborate on the responsibilities of a UAE bank's board of directors and senior management as well as the overall liquidity risk framework. The new regulations are intended to ensure that liquidity risks are well managed at banks operating in the UAE and are in line with the Basel Committee's recommendations and international best practices. These requirements include the following:
• to bear ultimate responsibility for liquidity risk management within the relevant UAE bank;
The Liquidity Notice requires each UAE bank to have a robust liquidity risk framework which comprises the following elements:
The quantitative requirements set out in the Liquidity Notice are intended to ensure that each UAE bank holds a minimum level of liquid assets which allow it to sustain a short-term liquidity stress (in circumstances both specific to that bank and market wide) as per the below.
| Ratio | Applicability Period | |
|---|---|---|
| Basel III ratios | LCR (LCR > = 100%) | 1 January 2019 onwards |
| NSFR (NSFR > = 100%) | 1 January 2018 onwards |
The LCR represents a 30 days stress scenario with combined assumptions covering both bank-specific and market-wide stresses. These assumptions are applied to contractual data representing the main liquidity risk drivers at banks to determine cash outflows within the 30 days stress scenario. The LCR requires that UAE banks should always be able to cover the net cash outflow with HQLAs at the minimum LCR determined by the UAE Central Bank. The Basel III accord requires that this minimum is 100 per cent. The Liquidity Notice describes in detail eligible HQLAs for this purpose. See "Risk Factors – Factors that may affect FAB's ability to fulfil its obligations in respect of the Notes – Liquidity risks – The Group's cash flow from its operations may not be sufficient at all times to meet its contractual and contingent payment obligations" and "Risk Management" for more information.
NSFR is a structural ratio that aims to ensure that banks have adequate stable funding to fund the assets on their balance sheets. It also requires an amount of stable funding to cover a portion of the relevant UAE banks contingent liabilities. The NSFR in the UAE mirrors the Basel III standards. The NSFR identifies the key uses of funds and the different types of funding sources used by the UAE banks. It assigns available stable funding ("ASF") factors to the sources of funds and required stable funding ("RSF") (usage) factors to asset classes and off-balance sheet contingent exposures. The assigned RSF factor depends on the terms of funding and the perceived stability of the funding sources. The assigned ASF factor will depend on the liquidity of the asset being funded under a market-wide stress. Both factors will follow the Basel III standards. The NSFR minimum is 100 per cent.
On 15 April 2014, the UAE Central Bank introduced an Interim Marginal Lending Facility which allowed non-Islamic UAE banks to use certain assets as collateral to access UAE Central Bank liquidity overnight in order to help their liquidity management during times of market stress. On 1 March 2022, this was replaced with the Marginal Lending Facility, which performs the same function.
The UAE Central Bank accepts a range of tradeable securities and foreign exchange as eligible collateral for the purposes of accessing the Marginal Lending Facility, including securities issued by sovereigns (originating in the UAE and outside the UAE) and securities issued by corporates and financials or supranational, municipal, or public sector issuers. In order to be eligible, collateral must meet minimum credit rating requirements specified in the terms and conditions of the Marginal Lending Facility. Banks accessing the Marginal Lending Facility must borrow a minimum of AED 10 million.
As at the date of this Base Prospectus, no bank in the UAE has been permitted to fail. However, there is no formal deposit protection scheme in the UAE.
The UAE Central Bank has supervisory responsibility for banking institutions in the UAE. Supervision is carried out through on-site inspections and review of periodic submissions from the banks. The frequency of inspection depends on the perceived risk of the bank, but inspections are carried out in all banks at least once every 18 months. Prudential returns are made monthly, quarterly, semi-annually or annually, depending on the nature of the information they contain. An improved risk management framework has been implemented, aimed at providing the UAE Central Bank with more up to date information on credit, market and operational risks within the banking sector.
All banks are required to follow the principles of the Basel Accord in calculating their capital adequacy ratios. Basel II was introduced effective 17 November 2009 by way of UAE Central Bank Circular Number 27/2009. Since 1993, the UAE Central Bank had imposed a 10 per cent. minimum total capital ratio on all UAE banks. In a circular dated 30 August 2009, the UAE Central Bank announced amendments to its capital adequacy requirements, such that UAE banks were required to have a total capital adequacy ratio of at least 11 per cent., with a Tier 1 ratio of not less than 7 per cent., by 30 September 2009. Furthermore, the UAE Central Bank required banks operating in the UAE to increase their Tier 1 capital adequacy ratio to at least 8 per cent., with a minimum total capital adequacy ratio of at least 12 per cent., by 30 June 2010. Thereafter, through its circular dated 17 November 2009 introducing Basel II, the UAE Central Bank stated that it was expected that the main banks in the UAE would move to the Foundation Internal Rating Based approach under Basel II in due course. Through this circular, the UAE Central Bank reiterated that all banks operating in the UAE were required to maintain a minimum capital adequacy ratio of 11 per cent. at all times, increasing to 12 per cent. by 30 June 2010 and also laid out its expectations in relation to Pillar II and Pillar III of the Basel II framework. Profits for the current period, goodwill, other intangibles, unrealised gains on investments and any shortfall in loan loss provisions were deducted from regulatory capital.
As at the date of this Base Prospectus, pursuant to the February 2017 Regulations and the Capital Standards, FAB is required by the UAE Central Bank to maintain a minimum total capital adequacy ratio of 14.5 per cent., effective from 1 January 2019. Included within this UAE Central Bank prescribed minimum total capital adequacy ratio, FAB, as a D-SIB, is required from 1 January 2019 to maintain a Common Equity Tier 1 buffer of 1.50 per cent.
Whilst the calculation of capital adequacy ratios in the UAE follows the Bank of International Settlements guidelines, claims on or guaranteed by GCC central governments and central banks denominated in their respective domestic currencies are risk-weighted at zero per cent. Under the 2018 Federal Law, the UAE Central Bank may determine reserve requirements for UAE banks. All dividends paid by UAE banks have to be authorised in advance by the UAE Central Bank.
The Basel Committee has put forward a number of fundamental reforms to the regulatory capital framework for internationally active banks. On 16 December 2010 and on 13 January 2011, the Basel Committee issued Basel III, constituting guidance on the eligibility criteria for Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital instruments as part of a package of new capital and liquidity requirements intended to reinforce capital standards and to establish minimum liquidity standards for credit institutions. The implementation of the Basel III reforms began on 1 January 2013. However, the requirements are subject to a series of transitional arrangements and will be phased in over a period of time. The Basel Committee's press release dated 13 January 2011 entitled "Minimum requirements to ensure loss absorbency at the point of non-viability" (the "January 2011 Press Release") included an additional Basel III requirement (the "Non-Viability Requirement") as follows:
"The terms and conditions of all non-common Tier 1 and Tier 2 instruments issued by an internationally active bank must have a provision that requires such instruments, at the option of the relevant authority, to either be written off or converted into common equity upon the occurrence of the trigger event unless:
The trigger event is the earlier of: (1) a decision that a write-off, without which the firm would become non-viable, is necessary, as determined by the relevant authority; and (2) the decision to make a public sector injection of capital, or equivalent support, without which the firm would have become non-viable, as determined by the relevant authority."
The January 2011 Press Release states that instruments issued after 1 January 2013 must meet the Non-Viability Requirement in order to be recognised as Tier 1 or Tier 2 instruments for regulatory capital purposes. The recognition of instruments issued before 1 January 2013 which do not meet these requirements will be phased out from 1 January 2013.
The Basel III Regulations and the Accompanying Standards (as defined below) confirm that the Non-Viability Requirement is a pre-requisite for any capital instruments issued by UAE banks to achieve Regulatory Capital (as defined below) classification from the UAE Central Bank. The Non-Viability Requirement must be provided for contractually in the absence of a statutory loss absorption framework in the UAE as at the date of this Base Prospectus.
In May 2016, the UAE Central Bank published a draft consultation document entitled "Capital Adequacy Regulation" (the "Consultation Document"), detailing the Basel III requirements expected to be followed by banks operating in the UAE, once the applicable legislation has been implemented in the UAE. In particular, the Consultation Document outlines the general quantitative requirements expected to be followed by UAE banks, with regards to Common Equity Tier 1 capital, Additional Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital (together, "Regulatory Capital"). It also outlines, amongst other things, the Regulatory Capital ratios that UAE banks will be expected to follow and adhere to, the individual UAE bank minimum capital conservation standards and the required disclosure standards expected to be made available by UAE banks with respect to Regulatory Capital.
On 23 February 2017, the UAE Central Bank published the "Regulations re Capital Adequacy" (the "Basel III Regulations") in the Official Gazette issue 612, which were effective from 1 February 2017. The February 2017 Regulations are intended to ensure that the capital adequacy of all banks operating in the UAE is in line with the Basel III requirements, whilst implementing the measures contained in the Consultation Document. The Basel III Regulations are supported by the accompanying standards entitled "Standards for Capital Adequacy of Banks in the UAE" which were published by the UAE Central Bank on 12 November 2020 by virtue of Notice No. CBUAE/BSD/N/2020/4980 (the "Accompanying Standards"). The Accompanying Standards elaborate on the supervisory expectations of the UAE Central Bank with respect to the relevant Basel III capital adequacy requirements. Banks which are classified as D-SIBs by the UAE Central Bank will be required to hold additional capital buffers as notified to it by the UAE Central Bank. In addition, a bank may also be subject to additional capital add-on requirements following a supervisory review and evaluation process of the UAE Central Bank (see "Risk Factors – Factors that may affect FAB's ability to fulfil its obligations in respect of the Notes – Regulatory risks – FAB is a highly regulated entity and changes to applicable laws or regulations, the interpretation or enforcement of such laws or regulations or the failure to comply with such laws or regulations could have an adverse impact on FAB's business").
As part of the UAE Central Bank's stimulus package in response to COVID-19, banks are able to apply a prudential filter to IFRS 9 expected loss provisions. The prudential filter allows any increase in IFRS 9 provisioning compared to 31 December 2019 to be partially added back to regulatory capital and the gradual introduction of IFRS 9 provisions over a five-year period until (and including) 31 December 2024.
Reserve requirements are used by the UAE Central Bank as a means of prudential supervision and to control credit expansion. The reserve requirements are 1 per cent. for term deposits and 14 per cent. for all other customer balances. As part of the UAE Central Bank's stimulus package in response to COVID-19, the minimum reserve requirement for all current, call and savings deposits was decreased from 14 per cent. to 7 per cent. This requirement was then raised to 11 per cent. by the UAE Central Bank in 2023.
Banks are required by the UAE Central Bank to establish credit policies and procedures commensurate with their size and activities. They must also have a proper credit assessment and approval process and adequate controls in place to monitor credit concentrations to, among others, individual borrowers, economic sectors and foreign countries.
The UAE Central Bank circular dated 23 February 2011 on retail banking and Notice No. 31/2013 dated 28 October 2013 (which was published in the Official Gazette on 28 November 2013 and entered into force on 28 December 2013) (the "Mortgage Regulations"), introduced regulations regarding bank loans and other services offered to individual customers. These regulations, among other things, impose maximum loan/income and loan to value ratios for retail products.
The UAE Central Bank defines large exposures as any funded or unfunded exposures (less provisions, cash collaterals and deposits under lien) to a single borrower or group of related borrowers exceeding prescribed limits.
On 22 May 2023, the UAE Central Bank published Circular No. 01/2023 on large exposures (the "Large Exposures Regulation") superseding the large exposure circular No. 32/2013. The Large Exposures Regulations list down the large exposure limit for various types of counterparties. Violation of any provision of the Large Exposures Regulations shall be subject to supervisory action, administrative and financial sanctions, as deemed appropriate by the UAE Central Bank. Set out below is a table showing a summary of the limits introduced by the Large Exposures Regulations (defined as a percentage of FAB's Tier 1 capital base calculated under Basel II):
| Cap as percentage of Tier 1 capital base | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Aggregate percentage |
Individual percentage |
||
| UAE federal government and their non commercial public sector entities treated as sovereign |
Not applicable | Not applicable | |
| Foreign Sovereign rated AA- or above |
Not applicable | Not applicable | |
| UAE local governments and their non commercial entities |
150% | No cap for UAE local governments; 25% for each non-commercial entity |
|
| Commercial entities of UAE federal government and UAE local governments (excluding self-sustainable government related entities below) |
100% | 25% | |
| Self-Sustainable commercial entities of UAE federal and local governments |
Not applicable | 25% |
| A single borrower or a group of related borrowers |
Not applicable | 25% |
|---|---|---|
| Shareholders who own 5 per cent. or more of FAB's capital and their related entities |
50% | 20% |
| Global systemically important bank (G-SIB) exposure to another G-SIB |
Not applicable | 15% |
| UAE incorporated bank's exposure to its foreign branches |
30% | Not applicable |
| Bank's non-bank subsidiaries and affiliates | 25% | 10% |
| Board members | 25% | 5% |
| Bank's external auditors | Prohibited | Prohibited |
For UAE banks, in 2024 the CBUAE introduced Credit Risk Management Standards (the "CRMS") which replaced the guideline issued in 2018 relating to IFRS 9. The CRMS mandates that financial institutions establish a comprehensive framework to manage credit risk effectively. This framework should align with the institution's risk appetite, risk profile, and capital strength. It requires robust policies, procedures, and systems for identifying, measuring, monitoring, and mitigating credit risk, including concentration risk and potential credit losses.
As part of the UAE Central Bank's stimulus package in response to COVID-19, banks are able to apply a prudential filter to IFRS 9 expected loss provisions. The prudential filter will allow any increase in IFRS 9 provisioning compared to 31 December 2019 to be partially added back to regulatory capital. This will allow IFRS 9 provisions to be gradually phased-in over a five-year period until 31 December 2024.
Al Etihad Credit Bureau ("AECB") is a public joint stock company wholly owned by the UAE federal government. As per UAE Federal law No. (6) of 2010 concerning credit information and amendments, the AECB is mandated to regularly collect credit information from financial and non-financial institutions in the UAE. The AECB aggregates and analyses this data to calculate credit scores and produce credit reports. FAB has entered into a data and credit information supply agreement with the AECB. The availability of credit reports reduces the risk involved in the origination of customer lending and banking business generally.
UAE law requires financial institutions licensed by the UAE Central Bank to operate their Islamic banking business activities in compliance with the rules, standards and general principles established by the Higher Shari'a Authority and, in certain circumstances, requires such financial institutions to obtain the consent of the Higher Shari'a Authority before undertaking certain licensed financial activities.
Banks in the UAE are subject to the Corporate Governance Regulations and the Corporate Governance Standards which were issued by the UAE Central Bank in 2019 with a view to ensuring banks have a comprehensive approach to corporate governance.
The following is a general description of certain United Arab Emirates and European Union tax considerations relating to the Notes. It does not purport to be a complete analysis of all tax considerations relating to the Notes, whether in those countries or elsewhere. Prospective purchasers of Notes should consult their own tax advisers as to which countries' tax laws could be relevant to acquiring, holding and disposing of Notes and receiving payments of interest, principal and/or other amounts under the Notes and the consequences of such actions under the tax laws of those countries. This summary is based upon the law as in effect on the date of this Base Prospectus and is subject to any change in law that may take effect after such date.
The following summary of the anticipated tax treatment in the UAE in relation to payments on the Notes is based on the taxation law in force at the date of this Base Prospectus, and does not constitute legal or tax advice. Prospective investors should be aware that the relevant fiscal rules and practice and their interpretation may change.
Under current legislation, there is no requirement for withholding or deduction for or on account of UAE or Abu Dhabi taxation in respect of payments made by the Bank under the Notes. In the event of the imposition of any such withholding or deduction, the Bank has undertaken to gross-up any payments subject to certain limited exceptions.
Pursuant to certain provisions of FATCA, a "foreign financial institution" (as defined by FATCA) may be required to withhold on certain payments it makes ("foreign passthru payments") to persons that fail to meet certain certification, reporting or related requirements. The Bank is a foreign financial institution for these purposes. A number of jurisdictions (including the UAE) have entered into, or have agreed in substance to, intergovernmental agreements with the United States to implement FATCA ("IGAs"), which modify the way in which FATCA applies in their jurisdictions. Under the provisions of IGAs as currently in effect, a foreign financial institution in an IGA jurisdiction would generally not be required to withhold under FATCA or an IGA from payments that it makes. Certain aspects of the application of the FATCA provisions and IGAs to instruments such as Notes, including whether withholding would ever be required pursuant to FATCA or an IGA with respect to payments on instruments such as Notes, are uncertain and may be subject to change. Even if withholding would be required pursuant to FATCA or an IGA with respect to payments on instruments such as Notes, such withholding would not apply prior to the date that is two years after the date on which final regulations defining foreign passthru payments are published in the U.S. Federal Register and Notes issued on or prior to the date that is six months after the date on which final regulations defining foreign passthru payments are published generally would be grandfathered for purposes of FATCA withholding unless materially modified after such date. However, if additional Notes (as described under "Terms and Conditions of the Notes—Further Issues") that are not distinguishable from previously issued Notes are issued after the expiration of the grandfathering period and are subject to withholding under FATCA, then withholding agents may treat all Notes, including the Notes offered prior to the expiration of the grandfathering period, as subject to withholding under FATCA. Noteholders should consult their own tax advisers regarding how these rules may apply to their investment in Notes.
On 14 February 2013, the European Commission published a proposal (the "Commission's proposal") for a Directive for a common FTT in Belgium, Germany, Estonia, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Austria, Portugal, Slovenia and Slovakia (the "participating Member States"). However, Estonia has since stated that it will not participate.
The Commission's proposal has very broad scope and could, if introduced, apply to certain dealings in Notes (including secondary market transactions) in certain circumstances. Primary market transactions referred to in Article 5(c) of Regulation (EC) No 1287/2006 are expected to be exempt.
Under the Commission's proposal, FTT could apply in certain circumstances to persons both within and outside of the participating Member States. Generally, it would apply to certain dealings in Notes where at least one party is a financial institution, and at least one party is established in a participating Member State. A financial institution may be, or be deemed to be, "established" in a participating Member State in a broad range of circumstances, including: (i) by transacting with a person established in a participating Member State; or (ii) where the financial instrument which is subject to the dealings is issued in a participating Member State.
However, the FTT proposal remains subject to negotiation between participating Member States. It may therefore be altered prior to any implementation, the timing of which remains unclear. Additional EU Member States may decide to participate.
Prospective holders of the Notes are advised to seek their own professional advice in relation to the FTT.
Notes may be sold from time to time by the Bank to any one or more of Barclays Bank PLC, Citigroup Global Markets Limited, Crédit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank, First Abu Dhabi Bank PJSC, HSBC Bank plc, J.P. Morgan Securities plc, Mizuho International plc and Standard Chartered Bank (the "Dealers"). The arrangements under which Notes may from time to time be agreed to be sold by the Bank to, and purchased by, Dealers are set out in an amended and restated Dealer Agreement dated 10 July 2025 (the "Dealer Agreement") and made between, amongst others, the Bank and the Dealers. Any such agreement will, inter alia, make provision for the form and terms and conditions of the relevant Notes, the price at which such Notes will be purchased by the Dealers and the commissions or other agreed deductibles (if any) payable or allowable by the Bank in respect of such purchase. The Dealer Agreement makes provision for the resignation or termination of appointment of existing Dealers and for the appointment of additional or other Dealers either generally in respect of the Programme or in relation to a particular Tranche of Notes.
Each Dealer has represented, warranted and agreed, and each further Dealer appointed under the Programme will be required to represent, warrant and agree, that it has (to the best of its knowledge and belief) complied and will comply with all applicable laws and regulations in each country or jurisdiction in or from which it purchases, offers, sells or delivers Notes or possesses, distributes or publishes this Base Prospectus, any Final Terms or any Pricing Supplement or any related offering material, in all cases at its own expense. Other persons into whose hands this Base Prospectus, any Final Terms or any Pricing Supplement comes are required by the Bank and the Dealers to comply with all applicable laws and regulations in each country or jurisdiction in or from which they purchase, offer, sell or deliver Notes or possess, distribute or publish this Base Prospectus, any Final Terms or any Pricing Supplement or any related offering material, in all cases at their own expense.
The Dealer Agreement provides that the Dealers shall not be bound by any of the restrictions relating to any specific jurisdiction (set out above) to the extent that such restrictions shall, as a result of change(s) or change(s) in official interpretation, after the date hereof, of applicable laws and regulations, no longer be applicable but without prejudice to the obligations of the Dealers described in the paragraph above.
Selling restrictions may be supplemented or modified with the agreement of the Bank. Any such supplement or modification may be set out in a supplement to this Base Prospectus.
With regard to each Tranche, the relevant Dealer will be required to comply with such other restrictions as the Bank and the relevant Dealer shall agree and as shall be set out in the applicable subscription agreement, Dealer accession letter or a Dealer confirmation, as the case may be, or, in the case of Exempt Notes or Notes which are the subject of a Pricing Supplement or Drawdown Prospectus, the relevant Pricing Supplement or Drawdown Prospectus.
The Notes have not been and will not be registered under the Securities Act or the securities laws of any state or other jurisdiction of the United States and may not be offered or sold within the United States or to, or for the account or benefit of, U.S. persons (as defined in Regulation S under the Securities Act) except in certain transactions exempt from, or not subject to, the registration requirements of the Securities Act.
The Notes are subject to U.S. tax law requirements and may not be offered, sold or delivered within the United States or its possessions or to a U.S. person, except in certain transactions permitted by U.S. Treasury regulations. Terms used in this paragraph have the meanings given to them by the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder. The relevant Final Terms (or, as applicable, the relevant Pricing Supplement) will identify whether TEFRA C rules or TEFRA D rules apply or whether TEFRA rules are not applicable.
Each Dealer has represented, warranted and agreed, and each further Dealer appointed under the Programme will be required to represent, warrant and agree that, except as permitted by the Dealer Agreement, it will not offer, sell or deliver Notes: (i) as part of their distribution at any time; or (ii) otherwise until 40 days after the completion of the distribution of the Notes comprising the relevant Tranche within the United States or to, or for the account or benefit of, U.S. persons, except in accordance with Regulation S or pursuant to an available exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, registration under the Securities Act, and such Dealer will have sent to each dealer to which it sells Notes during the distribution compliance period relating thereto a confirmation or other notice setting forth the restrictions on offers and sales of the Notes within the United States or to, or for the account or benefit of, U.S. persons.
In addition, until 40 days after the completion of the distribution of the Notes comprising the relevant Tranche, as described above, any offer or sale of Notes within the United States by any dealer (whether or not participating in the offering) may violate the registration requirements of the Securities Act if such offer or sale is made otherwise than in accordance with an available exemption from registration under the Securities Act.
Terms used in this paragraph have the meanings given to them by Regulation S.
Unless the relevant Final Terms in respect of any Notes (or the relevant Pricing Supplement, in the case of Exempt Notes) specifies "Prohibition of Sales to EEA Retail Investors" as "Not Applicable", each Dealer has represented, warranted and agreed, and each further Dealer appointed under the Programme will be required to represent, warrant and agree, that it has not offered, sold or otherwise made available and will not offer, sell or otherwise make available any Notes which are the subject of the offering contemplated by this Base Prospectus as completed by the relevant Final Terms (or Pricing Supplement, as the case may be) in relation thereto to any retail investor in the EEA. For the purposes of this provision:
If the relevant Final Terms in respect of any Notes (or the relevant Pricing Supplement, in the case of Exempt Notes) specifies "Prohibition of Sales to EEA Retail Investors" as "Not Applicable", in relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area, each Dealer has represented, warranted and agreed, and each further Dealer appointed under the Programme will be required to represent, warrant and agree, that it has not made and will not make an offer of Notes which are the subject of the offering contemplated by this Base Prospectus as completed by the relevant Final Terms (or the relevant Pricing Supplement, in the case of Exempt Notes) in relation thereto to the public in that Member State except that it may make an offer of such Notes to the public in that Member State:
provided that no such offer of Notes referred to in (a) to (c) above shall require the Bank or any Dealer to publish a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Regulation, or supplement a prospectus pursuant to Article 23 of the Prospectus Regulation.
For the purposes of this provision, the expression an "offer of Notes to the public" in relation to any Notes in any Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the Notes to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe the Notes and the expression "Prospectus Regulation" means Regulation (EU) 2017/1129.
Unless the relevant Final Terms in respect of any Notes (or the relevant Pricing Supplement, in the case of Exempt Notes) specifies "Prohibition of Sales to UK Retail Investors" as "Not Applicable", each Dealer has represented, warranted and agreed, and each further Dealer appointed under the Programme will be required to represent, warrant and agree, that it has not offered, sold or otherwise made available and will not offer, sell or otherwise make available any Notes which are the subject of the offering contemplated by this Base Prospectus as completed by the relevant Final Terms (or Pricing Supplement, as the case may be) in relation thereto to any retail investor in the United Kingdom. For the purposes of this provision:
If the relevant Final Terms in respect of any Notes (or the relevant Pricing Supplement, in the case of Exempt Notes) specifies "Prohibition of Sales to UK Retail Investors" as "Not Applicable", each Dealer has represented, warranted and agreed, and each further Dealer appointed under the Programme will be required to represent, warrant and agree, that it has not made and will not make an offer of Notes which are the subject of the offering contemplated by this Base Prospectus as completed by the relevant Final Terms (or the relevant Pricing Supplement, in the case of Exempt Notes) in relation thereto to the public in the United Kingdom except that it may make an offer of such Notes to the public in the United Kingdom:
provided that, no such offer of Notes referred to above shall require the Bank or any Dealer to publish a prospectus pursuant to section 85 of the FSMA or supplement a prospectus pursuant to Article 23 of the UK Prospectus Regulation.
For the purposes of this provision, the expression "an offer of Notes to the public" in relation to any Notes means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the Notes to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe for Notes and the expression "UK Prospectus Regulation" for the purposes of this paragraph means Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the EUWA.
Each Dealer has represented, warranted and agreed, and each further Dealer appointed under the Programme will be required to represent, warrant and agree, that:
Each Dealer has represented, warranted and agreed, and each further Dealer appointed under the Programme will be required to represent, warrant and agree, that: (i) the Notes may not be publicly offered, sold or advertised, directly or indirectly, in or from Switzerland within the meaning of the Swiss Financial Services Act ("FINSA") and no application has or will be made by it to admit any Notes to trading on any trading venue (exchange or multilateral trading facility) in Switzerland; (ii) neither this Base Prospectus nor any other offering or marketing material relating to the Notes constitutes a prospectus as such term is understood pursuant to FINSA; and (iii) neither this Base Prospectus nor any other offering or marketing material relating to the Notes may be publicly distributed or otherwise made publicly available in Switzerland.
Each Dealer has represented, warranted and agreed, and each further Dealer appointed under the Programme will be required to represent, warrant and agree, that:
The Notes have not been and will not be registered under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act of Japan (Act No. 25 of 1948, as amended) (the "FIEA").Accordingly, each Dealer has represented, warranted and agreed, and each further Dealer appointed under the Programme will be required to represent, warrant and agree, that it will not, directly or indirectly, offer or sell any Notes in Japan or to, or for the benefit of, any resident of Japan (as defined under Item 5, Paragraph 1, Article 6 of the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Act (Act No. 228 of 1949, as amended)), or to others for re-offering or resale, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to, or for the benefit of, any resident of Japan, except pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of, and otherwise in compliance with, the FIEA and any other applicable laws, regulations and ministerial guidelines of Japan.
Each Dealer has represented, warranted and agreed, and each further Dealer appointed under the Programme will be required to represent, warrant and agree, that neither it nor any of its affiliates has offered or sold or will offer or sell any of the Notes in the PRC (excluding the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the PRC, the Macau Special Administrative Region of the PRC and Taiwan) or to residents of the PRC unless such offer or sale is made in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations of the PRC.
This Base Prospectus has not been registered as a prospectus with the Securities Commission of Malaysia under the Capital Markets and Services Act 2007 of Malaysia (the "CMSA"). Accordingly, each Dealer has represented, warranted and agreed, and each further Dealer appointed under the Programme will be required to represent, warrant and agree, that the Notes have not been and will not be offered or sold by it and no invitation to subscribe for or purchase the Notes has been or will be made, directly or indirectly by it, nor may any document or other material in connection therewith be distributed by it in Malaysia, other than to persons or falling within any one of the categories of persons specified under Schedule 6 (or Section 229(1)(b)), Schedule 7 (or Section 230(1)(b)), and Schedule 8 (or Section 257(3)), read together with Schedule 9 (or Section 257(3)) of the CMSA, subject to any law, order, regulation or official directive of the Central Bank of Malaysia, the Securities Commission of Malaysia and/or any other regulatory authority from time to time.
Residents of Malaysia may be required to obtain relevant regulatory approvals including approval from the Controller of Foreign Exchange to purchase the Notes. The onus is on the Malaysian residents concerned to obtain such regulatory approvals and none of the Dealers is responsible for any invitation, offer, sale or purchase of the Notes as aforesaid without the necessary approvals being in place.
Each Dealer has acknowledged, and each further Dealer appointed under the Programme will be required to acknowledge that this Base Prospectus has not been registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of Singapore. Accordingly, each Dealer has represented, warranted and agreed, and each further Dealer appointed under the Programme will be required to represent, warrant and agree, that it has not offered or sold any Notes or caused the Notes to be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase and will not offer or sell any Notes or cause the Notes to be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase, and has not circulated or distributed, nor will it circulate or distribute, this Base Prospectus or any other document or material in connection with the offer or sale or invitation for subscription or purchase of the Notes, whether directly or indirectly, to any person in Singapore other than: (i) to an institutional investor (as defined in Section 4A of the Securities and Futures Act 2001 of Singapore, as modified or amended from time to time (the "SFA")) pursuant to Section 274 of the SFA, or (ii) to an accredited investor (as defined in Section 4A of the SFA) pursuant to and in accordance with, the conditions specified in Section 275 of the SFA.
Each Dealer has represented, warranted and agreed, and each further Dealer appointed under the Programme will be required to represent, warrant and agree, that the Notes to be issued under the Programme have not been and will not be offered, sold or publicly promoted or advertised by it in the UAE (excluding the Abu Dhabi Global Market and the Dubai International Financial Centre) other than in compliance with any laws applicable in the UAE (excluding the Abu Dhabi Global Market and the Dubai International Financial Centre) governing the issue, offering and sale of securities.
Each Dealer has represented, warranted and agreed, and each further Dealer appointed under the Programme will be required to represent, warrant and agree, that it has not offered and will not offer the Notes to be issued under the Programme to any person in the Abu Dhabi Global Market unless such offer is:
Each Dealer has represented, warranted and agreed, and each further Dealer appointed under the Programme will be required to represent, warrant and agree, that it has not offered and will not offer the Notes to be issued under the Programme to any person in the Dubai International Financial Centre unless such offer is:
No action has been or will be taken in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia that would permit a public offering of the Notes. Any investor in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia or who is a Saudi person (a "Saudi Investor") who acquires any Notes pursuant to an offering should note that the offer of Notes is a private placement under the Rules on the Offer of Securities and Continuing Obligations as issued by the Board of the Capital Market Authority (the "CMA") pursuant to resolution number 3-123-2017 dated 27 December 2017, as amended (the "KSA Regulations"), made through a capital market institution licensed by the CMA, in each case, in accordance with the KSA Regulations.
The Notes to be issued under the Programme may thus not be advertised, offered or sold to any person in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia other than to "institutional and qualified clients" under Article 8(a)(1) of the KSA Regulations or by way of a limited offer under Article 9 of, or as otherwise required or permitted by, the KSA Regulations. Each Dealer has represented, warranted and agreed, and each further Dealer appointed under the Programme will be required to represent, warrant and agree, that any offer of Notes made by it to a Saudi Investor will be made in compliance with Article 10 and either Article 8(a)(1) or Article 9 of the KSA Regulations.
Each offer of Notes shall not therefore constitute a "public offer", an "exempt offer" or a "parallel market offer" pursuant to the KSA Regulations, but is subject to the restrictions on secondary market activity under Article 14 of the KSA Regulations.
Although HSBC Bank plc is appointed as a Dealer pursuant to the Dealer Agreement, HSBC Saudi Arabia, which is a Capital Market Institution licensed by the Capital Market Authority, will be the relevant legal entity for all regulated activities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia relating to the issuance of any Notes under the Programme, including offerings and related applications to the Capital Market Authority.
Each Dealer has represented, warranted and agreed, and each further Dealer appointed under the Programme will be required to represent, warrant and agree, that it has not offered or sold, and will not offer or sell, any Notes except on a private placement basis to persons in the Kingdom of Bahrain who are "accredited investors".
For this purpose, an "accredited investor" means:
Each Dealer has represented, warranted and agreed, and each further Dealer appointed under the Programme will be required to represent, warrant and agree, that it has not offered, sold or delivered, and will not offer, sell or deliver at any time, directly or indirectly, any Notes in the State of Qatar (including the Qatar Financial Centre), except: (a) in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations of the State of Qatar; and (b) through persons or corporate entities authorised and licensed to provide investment advice and/or engage in brokerage activity and/or trade in respect of foreign securities in the State of Qatar (including the Qatar Financial Centre). This Base Prospectus (i) has not been, and will not be, registered with or approved by the Qatar Central Bank, the Qatar Exchange, the Qatar Financial Centre Regulatory Authority or the Qatar Financial Markets Authority and may not be publicly distributed in the State of Qatar (including the Qatar Financial Centre); (ii) is intended for the original recipient only and must not be provided to any other person; and (iii) is not for general circulation in the State of Qatar (including the Qatar Financial Centre) and may not be reproduced or used for any other purpose.
The establishment of the Programme was authorised by resolutions of the extraordinary general meeting of the shareholders of the Bank and the Board of Directors, in each case passed on 22 November 2005. The update of the Programme and issue of Notes thereunder were authorised by resolutions of the board of directors of the Bank passed on 31 January 2017, 5 December 2021 and 28 April 2025, respectively, and a resolution of the shareholders of the Bank passed on 11 March 2025. The Bank has obtained or will obtain from time to time all necessary consents, approvals and authorisations in connection with the issue and performance of the Notes.
It is expected that each Tranche of Notes which is to be admitted to the Official List and to trading on the London Stock Exchange's main market will be admitted separately as and when issued, subject only to the issue of a Global Note or Notes initially representing the Notes of such Tranche.
Application has been made to the FCA for Notes issued under the Programme to be admitted to the Official List and to the London Stock Exchange for such Notes to be admitted to trading on the London Stock Exchange's main market. The listing of the Programme in respect of Notes is expected to be granted on or around 15 July 2025. Prior to the official listing and admission to trading however, dealings will be permitted by the London Stock Exchange in accordance with its rules. Transactions on the London Stock Exchange's main market will normally be effected for delivery on the third working day after the day of the transaction. However, Exempt Notes may be issued pursuant to the Programme.
There are no governmental, legal or arbitration proceedings (including any such proceedings which are pending or threatened, of which the Bank is aware) which may have, or have had during the twelve months prior to the date of this Base Prospectus, a significant effect on the financial position or profitability of the Bank and its Subsidiaries.
Since 31 December 2024, there has been no material adverse change in the prospects of the Bank or the Bank and its Subsidiaries.
Since 31 March 2025, there has not been any significant change in the financial performance or financial position of the Bank or the Bank and its Subsidiaries.
The independent auditor of the Group is PricewaterhouseCoopers Limited Partnership – Abu Dhabi (authorised and regulated under the Register of Practicing Accountants at the UAE Ministry of Economy and Planning as required by UAE Federal Law No. 22 of 1995) of 25th Floor, Al Khatem Tower, Abu Dhabi Global Market, P.O. Box 45263, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
PricewaterhouseCoopers Limited Partnership – Abu Dhabi have reviewed the Interim Financial Information incorporated by reference in this Base Prospectus in accordance with the International Standard on Review Engagements 2410, "Review of interim financial information performed by the independent auditor of the entity". However, their review report, incorporated by reference in this Base Prospectus, states that they did not audit and they do not express an opinion on that unaudited financial information. Accordingly, the degree of reliance on their report on such information should be restricted in light of the limited nature of the review procedures applied.
The Annual Financial Statements incorporated by reference in this Base Prospectus, have been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers Limited Partnership – Abu Dhabi, independent accountants, as stated in their audit reports, incorporated by reference in this Base Prospectus.
For the period of 12 months following the date of this Base Prospectus, copies of the following documents will, when published, be available for inspection during normal business hours at the specified offices of the Paying Agent and, in the case of (a) and (b) below, from https://www.bankfab.ae/:
Neither the Bank nor any of its Subsidiaries has entered into any material contracts outside the ordinary course of business which could result in its being under an obligation or entitlement which is, or may be, material to the ability of the Bank to meet its obligations in respect of the Notes.
The Notes have been accepted for clearance through Euroclear and Clearstream, Luxembourg.
The appropriate common code and the International Securities Identification Number in relation to the Notes of each Tranche will be specified in the relevant Final Terms (or, as applicable, the relevant Pricing Supplement).
The price and amount of Notes to be issued under the Programme will be determined by the Bank and each relevant Dealer at the time of issue in accordance with prevailing market conditions. In the case of different Tranches of a Series of Notes, the issue price may include accrued interest in respect of the period from the interest commencement date of the relevant Tranche (which may be the issue date of the first Tranche of the Series or, if interest payment dates have already passed, the most recent interest payment date in respect of the Series) to the issue date of the relevant Tranche.
The yield of each Tranche of Notes will be calculated on an annual or semi-annual basis using the relevant issue price at the relevant issue date. It is not an indication of future yield.
Certain of the Dealers and their affiliates have engaged, and may in the future engage, in investment banking and/or commercial banking transactions with, and may perform services to the Bank and its Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business for which they have received, and for which they may in the future receive, fees.
In addition, in the ordinary course of their business activities, the Dealers and their affiliates may make or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (including bank loans) for their own account and for the accounts of their customers. Such investments and securities activities may involve securities and/or instruments of the Bank or the Bank's affiliates. Certain of the Dealers or their affiliates that have a lending relationship with the Bank routinely hedge their credit exposure to the Bank consistent with their customary risk management policies. Typically, such Dealers and their affiliates would hedge such exposure by entering into transactions which consist of either the purchase of credit default swaps or the creation of short positions in securities, including potentially the Notes issued under the Programme. Any such short positions could adversely affect future trading prices of Notes issued under the Programme. The Dealers and their affiliates may also make investment recommendations and/or publish or express independent research views in respect of such securities or financial instruments and may hold, or recommend to clients that they acquire, long and/or short positions in such securities and instruments.
In connection with an offering of Notes issued under the Programme, each Dealer and/or its affiliate(s) may act as an investor for its own account and may take up Notes in the offering and in that capacity may retain, purchase or sell for its own account such Notes and any securities of the Bank or related investments and may offer or sell such securities or other investments otherwise than in connection with an offering. Accordingly, references herein to the Notes being offered should be read as including any offering of the Notes to the Dealers and/or their affiliates acting in such capacity. Such persons do not intend to disclose the extent of any such investment or transactions otherwise than in accordance with any legal or regulatory obligation to do so.
First Abu Dhabi Bank PJSC
FAB Building Khalifa Business Park – Al Qurm District P.O. Box 6316 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
FISCAL AGENT Citibank N.A., London Branch Agency and Trust Services Citigroup Centre Canada Square Canary Wharf London E14 5LB United Kingdom
REGISTRAR Citibank Europe plc, Germany Branch Boersenplatz 9 60313 Frankfurt am Main Federal Republic of Germany
PAYING AGENT Citibank N.A., London Branch
Agency and Trust Services Citigroup Centre Canada Square Canary Wharf London E14 5LB United Kingdom
To the Bank as to English law To the Bank as to United Arab Emirates law
One Fleet Place London EC4M 7WS United Kingdom
Dentons & Co. Level 18, Boulevard Plaza 2 Burj Khalifa District P.O. Box 1756 Dubai United Arab Emirates
To the Arrangers and the Dealers as to English law and United Arab Emirates law
11th Floor Burj Daman Building Al Mustaqbal Street Dubai International Financial Centre P.O. Box 506678 Dubai United Arab Emirates
25th Floor, P.O. Box 45263 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
Citigroup Centre Canada Square Canary Wharf London E14 5LB United Kingdom
FAB Building Khalifa Business Park – Al Qurm District P.O. Box 6316 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
7th Floor Building One, Gate Precinct Dubai International Financial Centre P.O. Box 999 Dubai United Arab Emirates
1 Churchill Place London E14 5HP United Kingdom
Citigroup Centre Canada Square Canary Wharf London E14 5LB United Kingdom
12 place des Etats-Unis CS 70052 92547 Montrouge Cedex France
8 Canada Square London E14 5HQ United Kingdom
FAB Building Khalifa Business Park – Al Qurm District P.O. Box 6316 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
25 Bank Street Canary Wharf London E14 5JP United Kingdom
7th Floor Building One, Gate Precinct Dubai International Financial Centre P.O. Box 999 Dubai United Arab Emirates
30 Old Bailey London, EC4M 7AU United Kingdom
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