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EVOLUTION MINING LIMITED — Regulatory Filings 2023
Aug 16, 2023
64885_rns_2023-08-16_7381e44d-8f52-4da5-a39b-cfc6f2f322d8.pdf
Regulatory Filings
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ABN 74 084 669 036
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Sydney Office P +61 2 9696 2900 F +61 2 9696 2901 Level 24 175 Liverpool Street Sydney NSW 2000
ASX Announcement
www.evolutionmining.com.au
17 August 2023
FURTHER INCREASE IN ERNEST HENRY MINERAL RESOURCE
Evolution Mining Limited (ASX:EVN) (“Evolution”) is pleased to release an updated Mineral Resource estimate at Ernest Henry as at 30 June 2023.
Key Highlights
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Ernest Henry Mineral Resource at 30 June 2023 is estimated at 101.5 million tonnes at 1.25% copper and 0.73g/t gold for 1.3 million tonnes of contained copper and 2.4 million ounces of contained gold net of mining depletion
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Increase of 6.7 million tonnes (7%), 76,000 ounces (3%) of contained gold and 63,000 tonnes (5%) of contained copper net of mining depletion compared to 31 December 2022 Mineral Resource estimate
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Increase of 120,000 ounces of contained gold and 89,000 tonnes of contained copper prior to mining depletion
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Resource growth driven by additions connecting Ernie Junior to the lower lenses of the Main ore body and expansion of the Main ore body below the 775mRL
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Mineral Resource estimate informed by results from only 26 new drill holes completed from 1 January up to the 8 March 2023 weather event
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Significant growth opportunities exist beyond currently interpreted mineralisation domains:
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Depth extensions below the Main orebody and between the Main orebody and Ernie Junior
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Mineralisation at Bert is open with potential for a new orebody to be developed parallel to and stratigraphically beneath
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Fourth Mineral Resource declaration since full ownership by Evolution adding a total aggregate of 700,000 ounces of contained gold and 390,000 tonnes of contained copper (net of mining depletion1) over an 18month period
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Surface drilling now commenced at Bert and two diamond drill rigs are expected to restart underground in September
1 See ASX release titled “Annual Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves Statement as at 31 December 2021” dated 16 February 2022 for information on the first Ernest Henry Mineral Resource estimate reported by Evolution
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The update includes all drilling results to 30 June 2023 and the model is depleted for mining to 30 June 2023. The new Mineral Resource estimate is being used to inform the Mine Extension Feasibility Study engineering work following the results of the Mine Extension Pre-feasibility Study[2] which demonstrated a compelling opportunity to extend the Ernest Henry sub-level cave operation, extending the mine life by 17 years to 2040.
Commenting on the results of the Mineral Resource update, Evolution’s Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director, Lawrie Conway said:
“Ernest Henry continues to demonstrate its world class status with additional Mineral Resource growth since the previous estimate with the addition of only 26 new holes. This is the fourth increase in the first 18 months of 100% ownership, with a net increase of 41-44% in contained metal over this period. Resource increases outside the Mine Extension Feasibility Study footprint highlights the excellent potential for further resource growth and the potential to operate the plant at full capacity over the full 17-year mine life extension to 2040.”
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Figure 1: North-South view looking west, showing December 2022 Mineral Resource model (grey) and June 2023 Mineral Resource model (orange)
2 See ASX release titled “Ernest Henry Mine Life Extended to 2040 – Ore Reserves Doubled” dated 5 June 2023 for details
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Overview – Ernest Henry Mineral Resource Statement
The 30 June 2023 Mineral Resource estimate increased to 101.5 million tonnes at 1.25% copper and 0.73g/t gold for 1.3 million tonnes of contained copper and 2.4 million ounces of contained gold (inclusive of mining depletion and sterilisation up to 30 June 2023). This compares to the December 2022 estimate of 94.8 million tonnes at 1.27% copper and 0.75g/t gold for 1.2 million tonnes of contained copper and 2.3 million ounces of contained gold (inclusive of mining depletion and sterilisation up to 31 December 2022) (see Table 1).
A total of 1.8 million tonnes of Mineral Resources (2.1 million tonnes of material in total) were mined and processed between 1 January 2023 and 30 June 2023 which resulted in mining depletion of 44,000 ounces of gold and 26,000 tonnes of copper.
New drilling results between 1 January 2023 and 7 March 2023 together with prior drilling have informed this updated Mineral Resource estimate. The new model includes 32,331 metres of new drilling from 26 drillholes for a total aggregate increase to the Mineral Resource of 7% in tonnes, 5% in contained copper and 3% in contained gold, along with upgrades to the Mineral Resource classifications (see Tables 2 – 4). Due to the weather event at Ernest Henry on 8 March 2023, underground drilling was only carried out for two months in the first half of 2023. Surface drilling has now commenced at Bert and underground drilling is expected to restart in September.
The connection of mineralisation between Ernie Junior and the Lower Lens of the Main ore body and expansion of the Main ore body below the 775mRL drove most of the growth in this Mineral Resource update (Figure 1). Importantly, the addition of metal outside the Feasibility Study footprint between the 1,125mRL and 775mRL has the potential to become a source of future production that could complement the 17-year mine life extension.
Commodity price assumptions used to report the Ernest Henry 30 June 2023 Mineral Resource are: $2,200/oz for gold; $10,000/t for copper.
The sub-level caving mining method precludes the ability to selectively mine blocks below a given cut-off grade. Consequently, the reported Mineral Resource includes all material within the interpreted 0.7% copper grade shell including any internal low grade or waste material.
The reported Mineral Resource is considered by the Competent Person (CP) to meet reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction and importantly takes into account the proposed mining technique and historical metallurgical recoveries. The Mineral Resource update is current as of 30 June 2023 and accounts for all mining activities undertaken to this date.
Table 1: Ernest Henry – Total Mineral Resource at 30 June 2023
| Measured | Measured | Indicated | Inferred | Total Resource Dec 2022 Resource |
Total Resource Dec 2022 Resource |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tonnes(Mt) | 35.0 | 35.0 | 31.5 | 101.5 | 94.8 |
| Coppergrade(%) | 1.31 | 1.29 | 1.15 | 1.25 | 1.27 |
| Copper tonnes(kt) | 458 | 450 | 363 | 1,271 | 1,207 |
| Goldgrade(g/t) | 0.75 | 0.76 | 0.66 | 0.73 | 0.75 |
| Gold ounces (koz) | 847 | 852 | 668 | 2,368 | 2,292 |
Note: Ernest Henry Mineral Resource is reported within an interpreted 0.7% Cu mineralised envelope Data is reported to significant figures to reflect appropriate precision and may not sum precisely due to rounding Mineral Resources are reported inclusive of Ore Reserves Ernest Henry Mineral Resource Competent Person is Phillip Micale
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Figure 2: Waterfall chart demonstrating the change in Mineral Resource tonnes from December 2022 to June 2023
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Figure 3: Waterfall chart demonstrating the change in Mineral Resource contained copper by category from December 2022 to June 2023
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Figure 3: Waterfall chart demonstrating the change in Mineral Resource contained gold by category from December 2022 to June 2023
Note: The Ernest Henry Mineral Resource is reported within an interpreted 0.7% Cu mineralised envelope and is depleted until 30 June 2023. The reported Mineral Resource meets reasonable prospects of economic extraction taking into account both the copper and gold component of the reported Mineral Resource. The copper and gold charts listed above are for presentation purposes only. The copper chart represents the amount of insitu copper contained within the reported Mineral Resource and the gold chart represents the amount of insitu gold contained within the reported Mineral Resource
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JORC 2012 and ASX Listing Rules Requirements
The Ernest Henry Mineral Resource estimate has been reported in accordance with the 2012 Edition of the “Australasian Code for reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves” (the JORC Code 2012) and the ASX Listing Rules.
This Material Information summary has been provided for the Ernest Henry Mineral Resource pursuant to ASX Listing Rules 5.8 and 5.9 and the Assessment and Reporting Criteria in accordance with JORC Code 2012 requirements. The Assessment and Reporting Criteria in accordance with JORC Code 2012 – Table 1 is presented in Appendix A.
Competent Person’s Statement
The information in this Mineral Resource statement that relates to the 30 June 2023 reported Ernest Henry Mineral Resource is based on information compiled by Phillip Micale who is a full-time employee of Evolution Mining. Mr Micale is a Member of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (member number 301942) and has sufficient experience that is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity which he has undertaken to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of the “Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves”. Mr Micale consents to the inclusion in this report of the matters based on his information in the form and context in which it appears.
Evolution employees acting as a Competent Person may hold equity in Evolution Mining Limited and may be entitled to participate in Evolution’s executive equity long-term incentive plan, details of which are included in Evolution’s annual Remuneration Report. Annual replacement of depleted Ore Reserves is one of the performance measures of Evolution’s long-term incentive plans.
Approval
This release has been approved by the Evolution Board of Directors.
Forward looking statements
This report prepared by Evolution Mining Limited (or “the Company”) includes forward looking statements. Often, but not always, forward looking statements can generally be identified by the use of forward-looking words such as “may”, “will”, “expect”, “intend”, “plan”, “estimate”, “anticipate”, “continue”, and “guidance”, or other similar words and may include, without limitation, statements regarding plans, strategies and objectives of management, anticipated production or construction commencement dates and expected costs or production outputs. Forward looking statements inherently involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the Company’s actual results, performance and achievements to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements. Relevant factors may include, but are not limited to, changes in commodity prices, foreign exchange fluctuations and general economic conditions, increased costs and demand for production inputs, the speculative nature of exploration and project development, including the risks of obtaining necessary licenses and permits and diminishing quantities or grades of reserves, political and social risks, changes to the regulatory framework within which the Company operates or may in the future operate, environmental conditions including extreme weather conditions, recruitment and retention of personnel, industrial relations issues and litigation. Forward looking statements are based on the Company and its management’s good faith assumptions relating to the financial, market, regulatory and other relevant environments that will exist and affect the Company’s business and operations in the future. The Company does not give any assurance that the assumptions on which forward looking statements are based will prove to be correct, or that the Company’s business or operations will not be affected in any material manner by these or other factors not foreseen or foreseeable by the Company or management or beyond the Company’s control. Although the Company attempts and has attempted to identify factors that would cause actual actions, events or results to differ materially from those disclosed in forward looking statements, there may be other factors that could cause actual results, performance, achievements or events not to be as anticipated, estimated or intended, and many events are beyond the reasonable control of the Company. Accordingly, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward looking statements. Forward looking statements in these materials speak only at the date of issue. Subject to any continuing obligations under applicable law or any relevant stock exchange listing rules, in providing this information the Company does not undertake any obligation to publicly update or
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revise any of the forward-looking statements or to advise of any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based.
For further information please contact:
Investor Enquiries
Peter O’Connor General Manager Investor Relations Evolution Mining Limited Tel: +61 (0)2 9696 2900
Media Contact
Michael Vaughan Media Relations Fivemark Partners Tel: +61 (0)422 602 720
About Evolution Mining
Evolution Mining is a leading, globally relevant gold miner. Evolution operates five wholly-owned mines – Cowal in New South Wales, Ernest Henry and Mt Rawdon in Queensland, Mungari in Western Australia, and Red Lake in Ontario, Canada. Financial Year 2024 gold production outlook is 770,000 ounces +/- 5% at an All-in Sustaining Cost of A$1,370 per ounce (+/- 5%).
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Ernest Henry Mineral Resource Material Information Summary
A Material Information Summary is provided for the Mineral Resource at Ernest Henry Operation (EHO) pursuant to ASX Listing Rules 5.8 and 5.9 and the Assessment and Reporting Criteria in accordance with JORC Code 2012 requirements. The Assessment and Reporting Criteria in accordance with JORC Code 2012 is presented in Appendix 2.
1.1 EHO Mineral Resource Material Information Summary
1.1.1 Material Assumptions for Mineral Resources
The Ernest Henry Mineral Resource estimate is defined within an interpreted 0.7% Cu grade shell. Assigned mining and processing costs and metallurgical recoveries used in the development of underground Mineral Resource reporting shapes are supported by current mining data and metallurgical recoveries. The EHO underground mine uses a sub-level caving (SLC) mining technique.
1.1.2 Geology and Geological Interpretation
The Ernest Henry copper-gold deposit is hosted in a hydrothermal breccia pipe plunging at roughly 45 degrees to the south, bounded between two shear zones. At depth, the orientation of shearing appears to be having a greater effect on the orebody and the primary mineralised lenses are becoming more elongate north-south, separating into discrete pods and lenses.
The Ernest Henry deposit is hosted entirely in felsic intermediate metavolcanic rocks, within a unit of the Mount Fort Constantine Volcanics, circa 1800 to 1750 million years. Regionally these lithologies lie adjacent to a large meta-diorite body which traverses the deposit from the south-west to the north-east. Timing of mineralisation at the Ernest Henry deposit is commonly accepted by many workers as occurring between regional D3 through to D4 deformation events circa 1530 to 1500 million years.
Mineralisation is associated with a matrix supported hydrothermal breccia that is enveloped by crackle veined potassium feldspar altered meta-volcanic rocks. The matrix is largely composed of magnetite, quartz, biotite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, fluorite, gold, molybdenite, uraniferous minerals and potassic feldspar. Other gangue minerals in the matrix consist of chlorite, calcite, dolomite, barite, apatite, muscovite, garnet, scapolite, sphene, rutile and tourmaline.
Chalcopyrite, the only copper mineral observed within the primary orebody, and pyrite are the only significant sulphide minerals within the orebody. Chalcopyrite is fine to medium grained, anhedral and commonly occurs as disseminated grains attached to magnetite and/or pyrite. Chalcopyrite and pyrite are contained mostly within the breccia matrix, comprising 1% to 20% of the matrix volume.
Gold occurs about 98% of the time in the form of native gold-electrum (65-95wt % Au), other minor contributions come from sylvanite, auriferous cobaltite, pyrite and chalcopyrite. It is believed that gold precipitation was closely associated with, but preceded some of the chalcopyrite deposition, as indicated by the lower gold and copper ratios of late-stage chalcopyrite rich veins. Although the Ernest Henry orebody contains arsenic, fluorine and uranium minerals, they typically fall below product thresholds, and aren’t considered deleterious.
Both clast and matrix supported breccias typically coincide with copper grades above 0.7% Cu. Felsic altered, clast supported hydrothermal breccia exists as a halo around the main +0.7% Cu zone which also typically hosts gold grades > 0.5 g/t Au. Zones of elevated gold grades (>1 g/t, Au) are coincident with a magnetite / carbonate rich structure or structural zone logged as secondary generation breccia which are constrained within the interpreted 0.7% Cu zone.
A total of five copper mineralisation domains and six gold mineralisation domains were developed for the Ernest Henry deposit.
1.1.3 Drilling and Survey Techniques
Drilling at Ernest Henry has been completed between 1980 and 2023. Diamond drill holes (HQ, NQ2 and NQ size) are the primary source of geological and grade data informing the grade estimate. Reverse Circulation
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(RC) and Air Core (AC) drilling was also used to delineate oxide areas of the resource which are now depleted. Core has been oriented using a variety of techniques in line with standard industry practice of the time. Core recovery through the deposit is excellent (>99.5%).
Collar coordinates were picked up by site surveyors using a Leica total station survey instrument and reported in MGA94 Zone 54 grid. A variety of downhole survey methods have been utilised in the underground resource, however 95% of the diamond drill holes have been surveyed using a recognised high quality gyroscopic instrument recording down hole survey data in 3m intervals.
1.1.4 Data, Data spacing and distribution
A total of 1,195 drill holes with 117,101 intervals containing assays were extracted from acQuire for the June 2023 Mineral Resource estimate. Of these, 945 drill holes contain copper assays and 941 contain gold assays. This is an increase of 109 new drill holes used for geological interpretation and grade estimation in the June 2023 model compared to the December 2022 model. A total of 20 drill holes have been excluded from use in both domain generation and grade estimation in the June 2023 resource model update due to issues associated with the quality of either assay or survey data.
An additional 15,822 samples are included in the updated 30 June 2023 Mineral Resource estimate compared to the previous Mineral Resource estimate reported as at 31 December 2022. Of the 103 new drillholes, 36 were drilled inside the FS area (below 1125 mRL) and the remaining 67 holes were targeting the current ‘Life of Mine’ (LOM) area above 1125mRL.
Initial resource definition drillhole programs are designed to achieve a nominal mineralisation intersection spacing of 60 m centres. Drillholes are designed and drilled to intersect perpendicular to mineralisation and shear zones bounding mineralisation wherever possible. Subsequent to the initial phase of resource definition drilling, infill drilling is completed to nominal mineralisation intersection spacing of between 30m and 40m centres.
1.1.5 Sampling and Sub-sampling
Following logging to a standardised geological legend, each core sample is sawn in half with a diamond saw. One half is placed back in the core tray with the other submitted to ALS laboratory in Brisbane.
Samples undergo further preparation and analysis by an external laboratory, involving crushing to 2 mm, riffle splitting and pulverising using an LM5 mill to 85% passing 75 microns. Crushing and grinding equipment are cleaned using compressed air and brushes between each sample and blanks are inserted at a rate of 1:15 samples in mineralised core and 1:30 samples in waste zones to ensure sample contamination is not occurring. Following the pulverisation of the sample a 0.4g sub-sample is prepared for base metal analysis via aqua regia digestion and a 120g sub-sample is taken for submission to OSLS in Bendigo, where a 25g sub-sample is taken for analysis via fire assay.
1.1.6 Sample Analysis Methods
Following sample preparation, a 25g sub-sample is analysed for gold (Au) using a fire assay method at OSLS in Bendigo. Multi-element analysis for copper (Cu), silver (Ag), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), phosphorous (P), sulphur (S), uranium (U) and arsenic (As) is completed on a 0.4g sample using aqua regia digestion with an AES finish at ALS Brisbane’s laboratory. Drill core samples are not routinely analysed for fluorite. Concentrate samples however are analysed for all potentially deleterious elements.
Historic quality assurance (QA) procedures include the use of six certified standards as well as field duplicates inserted at 1:25 ratio for all sample batches sent to the ALS laboratory. Pulverised blank samples have been used by Ernest Henry for QA from 2017. A coarse crush blank sample has been used from April 2022.
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1.1.7 Density
The method of density determination in the current model follows the same process outlined in the 2018/19, 2020 and 2021 models. Since the discovery of Ernest Henry, an extensive database of in-situ density measurements has been collected using the Archimedes water displacement principal formula from wet and dry sample weights.
Density measurements are used in conjunction with an elemental assay analysis to generate a stoichiometric regression formula that is applied to every sample and subsequently used in resource estimation.
1.1.8 Quality Assurance and Quality Control
EHO currently uses eight matrix matched CRMs and a pulverised blank and coarse crush blank sample to monitor preparation and assaying processes. CRMs were inserted at a rate of 1 in every 15 samples while blanks were inserted at 1 in every 15 samples within mineralised samples and 1 in every 30 samples in waste zones. Field duplicates inserted at 1 in every 15 samples and crush and pulp duplicates inserted at 1 in every 25 samples were used to monitor the deposit variability and analytical precision. Historic field duplicates were inserted at 1 in every 25 samples. ALS laboratory and OSLS laboratory insert QA samples during the analytical process in line with their internal protocols.
The Competent Person has completed a review of the quality control (QC) results received between December 2022 and June 2023 and considers that the new data utilised to complete the estimate is accurate and precise and has been collected and stored using industry standard practices. The site also has a long history of production and reconciliation against Mineral Resource models which provides further confidence in the quality of analytical data.
1.1.9 Estimation Methodology
Downhole composites are completed in Datamine within each of the interpreted domains. Samples are composited to a 2 m sample length.
Variograms for Cu, Au, Ag and density were completed in Snowden’s Supervisor software and validated in 3D against the sample dataset.
Ordinary kriging (OK) was used to estimate Cu%, Au g/t, Ag g/t and density (t/m[3] ) into 10 mE by 10 mN by 10 mRL parent blocks. The block size was selected based on drillhole spacing, the geometry of the mineralisation and the selective mining method. Results of the Quantitative Kriging Neighbourhood Analysis (QKNA) also substantiated the block size selection and sample neighbourhood for estimation. Parent blocks were reduced (sub-blocked) as low as 2 mE by 2 mN by 2 mRL along domain boundaries to honour interpreted domain volumes.
1.1.10 Estimation Validation
The grade estimates were validated by comparing mean composited grades to mean estimated grades (estimation search pass 1 only), grade trends in easting, northing and elevation slices (swath plots), visual check of estimated grades against composited grades, and debugging the estimation process. Statistical comparisons between mean estimated grades and mean composited grades for each domain are within ±5%. Swath plots of mean estimated grades against mean composite grades within 25 m wide easting, northing and elevation slices shows composite grade trends have been closely replicated in the model. Mine to mill reconciliation data gathered over the past 10 years indicates that estimated tonnes and grade fall within a ±5% tolerance against what is produced in practice.
1.1.11 Resource Classification
The classifications have been made in accordance with the JORC 2012 guidelines and are based upon average distance to nearest samples, kriging output metrics (kriging efficiency and slope of regression), confidence in defined mineralisation boundaries, the number of holes used during interpolation, grade variations between holes and hole orientation. Robust classification wireframes were constructed by the Competent Person to
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delineate the Mineral Resource Classification codes assigned to the block model. The Ernest Henry Mineral Resource has been classified using the following general criteria:
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Measured: Drill data used for estimation not exceeding 30-40m spacing and including full drill coverage on adjacent sections to the north and south. Estimated with a full complement of composites selected in the kriging process (32).
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Indicated: Drill data used for estimation between 40–60m, estimated with a full complement of composites selected in the kriging process (32).
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Inferred: Drill data used for estimation between 60-100m.
Other general conditions taken into consideration in the classification are as follows:
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Kriging Efficiency (KE).
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Continuity of grades between drill holes.
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Confidence in the geological interpretation of mineralisation boundary.
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Proximity of blocks to the edge of the domain boundaries.
The Mineral Resource estimate and Mineral Resource classification categories appropriately reflect the views of the Competent Person and have been reported in accordance with the JORC Code (2012). Mineral Resource classification solids have been developed into the surrounding 0.1% Cu grade shell to appropriately account for the confidence in the grade and tonnage estimate of this material. A component of this material will be mined as part of the sub-level cave and is included within the reported Ore Reserve.
Mineral Resource Reporting and assigned Cut-off criteria
Whilst no cut-off grade has been explicitly applied for reporting the June 2023 Mineral Resource, only blocks within the interpreted 0.7% Cu grade shell (Domain 7 and Domain 77) were reported. The sub-level caving mining method mines all material including any internal waste material within the designed sub-level cave boundary. This mining method does not allow blocks to be selectively mined. Consequently, all material within the interpreted 0.7% Cu grade shell including any zones of internal waste have been included and reported within the Mineral Resource estimate. This reporting process ensures all material reported within the Mineral Resource meets reasonable prospect of economic extraction and international reporting code standards. Prior to the reporting of the Mineral Resource, account was made for mining depletion and sterilisation as detailed below.
Depletion
Previously mined areas are omitted from the reported Mineral Resource. Underground development drives are accurately surveyed, with associated tonnes and grade removed from the reported Mineral Resource. In areas where accurate surveys have yet to be taken of underground development, the planned extraction is used to deplete the reported Mineral Resource. Depletion resulting from production activities is estimated using the calibrated cave flow model. The model includes actual cave extraction to the end of September 2022 and forecast production to the end of June 2023.
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Sterilisation
With respect to Mineral Resource reporting, account is also made for sterilisation (ore loss whereby Mineral Resource material is deemed unrecoverable due to previous mining activities). As sterilisation is not able to be directly calculated, the quantity of ‘external’ material (originating from outside of Domain 7 – interpreted 0.7% Cu shell) recovered through production activities is used as a proxy for sterilisation. The quantity of external material (waste) reporting to draw points is considered to have displaced (sterilised) a comparable quantity of the Mineral Resource from within Domain 7. This sterilised Domain 7 material is classified into Measured, Indicated and Inferred components by interrogating the blasted production volume and subsequently removing the reported percentages to each resource category. This method is appropriate where the total drawn tonnes are comparable to the total blasted tonnes, as is the case for Ernest Henry to date.
The Mineral Resource has been reported within the 0.7% Cu grade shell after exclusion of depletion and accounting for sterilisation as described above. The 0.7% Cu grade is roughly aligned with a $50 net smelter return (NSR) value and meets the reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction requirement for reporting a Mineral Resource in accordance with the JORC Code.
1.1.12 Audits or reviews
Evolution Mining has a standard validation process which includes internal technical peer review and external audits. Internal peer reviews of the reported Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve are undertaken annually by Evolution’s Transformation & Effectiveness / Technical Services team. Internal corporate governance systems and processes are in place to ensure all required supporting data and documentation is securely stored for future reference.
In addition to the internal peer review process undertaken by Evolution an external audit of the reported Mineral Resource & Ore Reserve is undertaken on a 3-year rolling basis across all of Evolution’s assets. The most recent review of the EHM Mineral Resource estimate was completed by CSA Global in July 2021. This review endorsed the estimate while also recommending minor potential improvements for the next estimate. The 30 June 2023 Mineral Resource is scheduled to be audited in August 2023.
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APPENDIX 1 – JORC CODE 2012 ASSESSMENT AND REPORTING CRITERIA
APPENDIX A: JORC CODE 2012 ASSESMENT AND REPORTING CRITERIA
The following information is provided in accordance with Table 1 of Appendix 5A of the JORC Code 2012 - Section 1 (Sampling Techniques and Data), Section 2 (Reporting of Exploration Results), Section 3 (Estimation and Reporting of Mineral Resources).
Ernest Henry Mineral Resource Estimate
JORC Code 2012 Edition – Table 1
Section 1: Ernest Henry Sampling Techniques and Data
(Criteria in this section apply to all succeeding sections)
| Criteria | JORC Code Explanation | Commentary | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sampling | Nature and quality of sampling (eg cut channels, random | ▪ | Diamond core drill holes are the primary source of geological and grade information |
| techniques | chips, or specific specialised industry standard measurement | for the resource at Ernest Henry Mine. Drilling has been completed between 1980 and | |
| tools appropriate to the minerals under investigation, such as | 2023. A total of 1,195 holes were extracted from the acQuire database of which 945 | ||
| down hole gamma sondes, or handheld XRF instruments, | drill holes containing Cu assays and 941 holes containing Au assays were used in the | ||
| etc). These examples should not be taken as limiting the broad | Mineral Resource estimate. | ||
| meaning of sampling. | ▪ | Reverse circulation (RC) drilling was completed to base of oxidation with some holes | |
| Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample | hosting diamond tails. | ||
| representivity and the appropriate calibration of any | ▪ | The diamond core is routinely sampled to geological contacts and predominantly 2m | |
| measurement tools or systems used. | intervals from ½ core over the entire length of the drill hole, producing approximately | ||
| Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are | 5kg samples. Holes drilled from the surface and underground are oriented | ||
| Material to the Public Report. | perpendicular to orebody mineralisation where possible. | ||
| In cases where ‘industry standard’ work has been done this | ▪ | UG channel samples taken from chip sampling of development drives at 2m intervals | |
| would be relatively simple (eg ‘reverse circulation drilling was | are also used to help define mineralogical domains. Whilst they are not used directly | ||
| used to obtain 1 m samples from which 3 kg was pulverised to | in estimation, chip samples typically yield 4kg – 5kg masses. | ||
| produce a 30 g charge for fire assay’). In other cases more | ▪ | Samples undergo further preparation and analysis by ALS Brisbane laboratory (and | |
| explanation may be required, such as where there is coarse | OSLS Bendigo for gold analysis), involving crushing to 2mm, riffle splitting and | ||
| gold that has inherent sampling problems. Unusual | pulverising to 85% passing 75 microns. Of this material a 0.4g sample is prepared for | ||
| commodities or mineralisation types (eg submarine nodules) | analysis via aqua regia digestion and 25g for analysis via fire assay. | ||
| may warrant disclosure of detailed information | |||
| Drilling techniques | Drill type (eg core, reverse circulation, open-hole hammer, | ▪ | Drill types utilised in grade estimation are diamond core including HQ, NQ2 & NQ |
| rotary air blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and details (eg core diameter, triple or standard tube, depth of diamond tails, face- |
sizes yielding core diameters of 63.5mm, 50.6mm & 47.6mm respectively. Drill core is collected with a 3m barrel and standard tubing. |
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| sampling bit or other type, whether core is oriented and if so, | ▪ | Only selected drill holes have been oriented using an ezi mark orientation system for | |
| by what method, etc). | structural and geotechnical requirements. |
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APPENDIX 1 – JORC CODE 2012 ASSESSMENT AND REPORTING CRITERIA
| Criteria | JORC Code Explanation | Commentary | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Drill sample | Method of recording and assessing core and chip sample | ▪ | Current practice ensures all diamond core intervals are measured and recorded for |
| recovery | recoveries and results assessed. | rock quality designation (RQD) and core loss. | |
| Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and ensure | ▪ | Core recovery through the ore portion of the deposit is high (>99.5%). | |
| representative nature of the samples. | ▪ | No bias is observed due to core loss. | |
| Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery and | |||
| grade and whether sample bias may have occurred due to | |||
| preferential loss/gain of fine/coarse material. | |||
| Logging | Whether core and chip samples have been geologically and | ▪ | All diamond core has been logged, geologically and geotechnically. The geologic and |
| geotechnically logged to a level of detail to support appropriate Mineral Resource estimation, mining studies and metallurgical |
geotechnical records are considered qualitative and quantitative with the following items being captured |
||
| studies. | ▪ Lithology |
||
| Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. Core | ▪ Texture |
||
| (or costean, channel, etc) photography. | ▪ Alteration |
||
| The total length and percentage of the relevant intersections | ▪ Mineralisation |
||
| logged. | ▪ Structures – including veining & faults |
||
| ▪ Weathering ▪ RQD |
|||
| ▪ Photography of diamond core has captured approximately 60% of the data set. |
|||
| Sub-sampling | If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or all | ▪ | Drill core is cut in half to produce an approximate 5kg sample using an automatic core |
| techniques and | core taken. | saw, with one half submitted for assay, and the other half retained on site. Where core | |
| sample preparation | If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc and | is oriented, it is cut on the core orientation line. | |
| whether sampled wet or dry. For all sample types, the nature, quality and appropriateness |
▪ | Diamond core and channel samples are predominantly sampled to geological contacts and at 2m intervals. Samples are sent to ALS Brisbane for crushing and |
|
| of the sample preparation technique. | pulverisation. Samples are crushed to 2mm, split via a riffle or rotary splitter and then | ||
| Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling | pulverised using an LM5 mill to a nominal 85% passing 75 microns. A 0.4g sub- | ||
| stages to maximise representivity of samples. | sample of pulverised material is taken for ICP analysis via aqua regia digestion and a | ||
| Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is representative | 25g sub-sample is taken for analysis via fire assay at OSLS. The remaining pulverised | ||
| of the in situ material collected, including for instance results | sample is returned to site and stored for future reference. | ||
| for field duplicate/second-half sampling. | ▪ | Sub-sampling is performed during the sample preparation stage in line with ALS | |
| Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of the | internal protocol. | ||
| material being sampled | ▪ | Field duplicates are collected for all diamond core at a rate of one in every 15 samples | |
| and for channel sample at a rate of one in every 10 samples. | |||
| ▪ | Comparison of field duplicates is performed routinely to ensure a representative | ||
| sample is being obtained and that the sample size captures an adequate sample | |||
| volume to represent the grain size and inherent mineralogical variability within the | |||
| sampled material. |
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APPENDIX 1 – JORC CODE 2012 ASSESSMENT AND REPORTING CRITERIA
| Criteria | JORC Code Explanation | Commentary | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Quality of assay | The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying and | ▪ |
Samples are assayed at ALS Brisbane for a multi element suite using ME-ICP41, Cu- |
| data and laboratory | laboratory procedures used and whether the technique is | OG46 & MEOG46 methods, which analyses a 0.4g sample in aqua-regia digestion | |
| tests | considered partial or total. | with an ICP-AES finish. Gold analysis is completed at OSLS Bendigo by fire assay on | |
| For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF instruments, etc, the parameters used in determining the |
a 25g sample with an AA instrument finish. Analytical methods are deemed appropriate for this style of mineralisation. |
||
| analysis including instrument make and model, reading times, | ▪ |
Historic quality control procedures include the use of six certified standards (CRMs) | |
| calibrations factors applied and their derivation, etc. | which cover the expected grade range of mineralisation encountered within the | ||
| Nature of quality control procedures adopted (eg standards, | deposit. In addition, field duplicates are inserted at 1:25 ratio for all sample batches | ||
| blanks, duplicates, external laboratory checks) and whether | sent to the ALS laboratory. | ||
| acceptable levels of accuracy (ie lack of bias) and precision | ▪ |
The quality assurance program includes repeat and check assays from an | |
| have been established. | independent third-party laboratory as deemed necessary. | ||
| ▪ | There have been no blanks used on the diamond core historic data set. Both ALS and | ||
| OSLS laboratories provide their own quality control data, which includes laboratory | |||
| standards and duplicates. | |||
| ▪ | EHO currently uses eight CRMs, pulverised and coarse blanks, field, crush and pulp | ||
| duplicates to monitor sample preparation and analytical processes. The rate of | |||
| insertion was 1:15 for CRMs, 1:15 for blanks within mineralised units and 1:30 in | |||
| waste zones, Field duplicates were inserted at 1:15 while crush and pulp duplicates | |||
| were at 1:25 samples. | |||
| ▪ | Analysis of quality control sample assays indicate the accuracy and precision is within | ||
| acceptable limits and suitable for inclusion in the underground resource estimate. | |||
| Verification of | The verification of significant intersections by either | ▪ |
All diamond drill holes are logged remotely on a laptop utilising AcQuire software and |
| sampling and | independent or alternative company personnel. | stored digitally in an AcQuire database on a network server. | |
| assaying | The use of twinned holes. | ▪ | Drill holes are visually logged for copper content prior to sampling and assay. This |
| Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, data verification, data storage (physical and electronic) protocols. |
▪ |
visual assessment is used to verify assay data. The strong correlation between copper and gold enables additional quality control |
|
| Discuss any adjustment to assay data. | checks to be enacted on returned assays. | ||
| ▪ | Procedures have been developed to ensure a repeatable process is in place for transferring, maintaining & storing all drilling, logging and sampling data on the |
||
| network server, which has a live upload to a local device and daily back up to an offsite | |||
| device. | |||
| ▪ | Following review of the historical dataset, no adjustments have been made to any | ||
| assay data. All files are reported digitally from ALS laboratories in CSV format, which | |||
| are then imported directly into the AcQuire database. Checks of the assay results in | |||
| AcQuire and results returned from the laboratory are performed at the completion of | |||
| each drilling & sampling campaign. Laboratory certificates for returned assays are | |||
| stored for future reference and checks against values contained within the AcQuire | |||
| database. |
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APPENDIX 1 – JORC CODE 2012 ASSESSMENT AND REPORTING CRITERIA
| Criteria | JORC Code Explanation | Commentary | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Location of data | Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes | ▪ |
Collar coordinates are picked up by EHO site surveyors using a Leica total station |
| points | (collar and down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings and | survey instrument. All underground excavations are monitored using the same | |
| other locations used in Mineral Resource estimation. | instrument. | ||
| Specification of the grid system used. | ▪ | The topography was generated from a LIDAR survey completed over EHM mining | |
| Quality and adequacy of topographic control. | leases in 2018 with outputs in GDA94 coordinate system. | ||
| ▪ | A variety of downhole survey methods have been utilised in the underground resource, however 93% of the diamond drill holes have been surveyed using a |
||
| gyroscopic instrument recording down hole survey data in 3m intervals. | |||
| ▪ | All data points are reported in MGA94 zone 54. | ||
| Data spacing and | Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results. | ▪ | Drill holes are variably spaced with the following broad resource classifications |
| distribution | Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient to | applied: | |
| establish the degree of geological and grade continuity appropriate for the Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve |
oBetween 30m x 30m and 40m x 40m for Measured o60m x 60m for Indicated |
||
| estimation procedure(s) and classifications applied. | o100m x 100m Inferred. |
||
| Whether sample compositing has been applied. | ▪ | This drill hole spacing is considered sufficient given the deposit grade and geological | |
| continuity and Mineral Resource classification definitions as outlined in the 2012 JORC Code, which is also supported by historic reconciliation data from the mill. |
|||
| ▪ | Samples are weighted by length and density when composited to 2m in length for use | ||
| in the estimation. | |||
| Orientation of data | Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased | ▪ |
Holes drilled from the surface and underground are oriented perpendicular to orebody |
| in relation to | sampling of possible structures and the extent to which this is | mineralisation and orebody bounding shear zones wherever possible. UG channel | |
| geological | known, considering the deposit type. | samples are oriented along the strike of orebody mineralisation and are conducted on | |
| structure | If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the | a lateral 25m spacing, in line with sub-level mine excavations. | |
| orientation of key mineralised structures is considered to have introduced a sampling bias, this should be assessed and |
▪ |
There has been no orientation bias recognised within the data used for the underground Resource estimate. |
|
| reported if material. | |||
| Sample security | The measures taken to ensure sample security | ▪ | Diamond core samples are securely stored onsite prior to being despatched to the |
| ALS laboratory in Brisbane. | |||
| Audits or reviews | The results of any audits or reviews of sampling techniques and data. |
▪ |
An external audit was conducted in 2014 on the data management & QAQC procedures including drilling & sampling. These were found to be in line with industry |
| standards. CSA Global completed a fatal flaw analysis of the Ernest Henry Mineral | |||
| Resource estimate in July 2021 and only minor areas of improvement were identified. |
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APPENDIX 1 – JORC CODE 2012 ASSESSMENT AND REPORTING CRITERIA
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Section 2: Reporting of Exploration Results
(Criteria listed in the preceding section also apply to this section)
| Criteria | JORC Code Explanation | Commentary | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mineral tenement and land tenure status |
Type, reference name/number, location and ownership including agreements or material issues with third parties such as joint ventures, partnerships, overriding royalties, native title interests, historical sites, wilderness or national park and environmental settings. The security of the tenure held at the time of reporting along with any known impediments to obtaining a licence to operate in the area. |
▪ The EHO is located 38km north-east of Cloncurry, 150km east of Mount Isa and 750km west of Townsville, in north-west Queensland, Australia. The EHM operations extend across 8 current mining leases all owned by Ernest Henry Mining Pty Ltd, the details of these leases are summarized in the following table: Lease Ownership Expiry ML2671 Ernest Henry Mining Pty Ltd 100% 30/11/25 ML90041 Ernest Henry Mining Pty Ltd 100% 30/11/2037 ML90072 Ernest Henry Mining Pty Ltd 100% 30/11/2025 ML90085 Ernest Henry Mining Pty Ltd 100% 31/03/26 ML90100 Ernest Henry Mining Pty Ltd 100% 31/5/2026 ML90107 Ernest Henry Mining Pty Ltd 100% 31/08/2026 ML90116 Ernest Henry Mining Pty Ltd 100% 30/09/2026 ML90075 Ernest Henry Mining Pty Ltd 100% 30/11/2025 ▪ As of 06 January 2022, Evolution Mining Limited has 100% ownership of the EHO. |
Exploration done by Acknowledgment and appraisal of exploration by other parties. other parties
-
The EHM orebody was discovered by Western Mining Corporation Limited in 1991. The size and potential of the discovery became obvious with further drill definition following soon after, leading to a Feasibility Study and subsequently the open pit mine and mill. In 2006 a deep drilling campaign was initiated to explore the down dip extension of the deposit ultimately leading to the development of the current underground mining project.
-
Data used in the current estimate is a compilation of several phases of exploration completed since the early 1990s. This data has been assessed for quality as outlined in ‘Section 1’ and deemed suitable for use as the basis of the Mineral Resource estimate.
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APPENDIX 1 – JORC CODE 2012 ASSESSMENT AND REPORTING CRITERIA
| Criteria | JORC Code Explanation | Commentary | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Geology | Deposit type, geological setting and style of mineralisation. | ▪ | The Ernest Henry Deposit is an Iron Oxide Copper Gold (IOCG) hosted within a sequence of moderately SSE-dipping, intensely altered Paleoproterozoic intermediate metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks of the Mt Isa group. Copper |
| occurs as chalcopyrite within the magnetite-biotite-calcite-pyrite matrix of a 250 m x | |||
| 300 m pipe like breccia body. The breccia pipe dips approximately 40 degrees to the | |||
| South and is bounded on both the footwall and hanging wall by shear zones. The main | |||
| orebody starts to split from the 1575 level into a South-East lens, and from the 1275 | |||
| level into the South-West lens. Both lenses are separated from the main orebody by | |||
| waste zones, termed the Inter-lens and South-West Shear Zone, respectively. The | |||
| orebody is open at depth. | |||
| Drill hole | A summary of all information material to the understanding of | ▪ | No exploration has been reported in this release, therefore no drill hole information to |
| Information | the exploration results including a tabulation of the following | report. This section is not relevant to this report on Mineral Resources and Ore | |
| information for all Material drill holes: | Reserves | ||
| easting and northing of the drill hole collar | |||
| elevation or RL (Reduced Level – elevation above sea level in | |||
| metres) of the drill hole collar | |||
| dip and azimuth of the hole | |||
| down hole length and interception depth | |||
| hole length. | |||
| If the exclusion of this information is justified on the basis that | |||
| the information is not Material and this exclusion does not | |||
| detract from the understanding of the report, the Competent | |||
| Person should clearly explain why this is the case. | |||
| Data aggregation | In reporting Exploration Results, weighting averaging | ▪ | No exploration has been reported in this release, therefore no drill hole information to |
| methods | techniques, maximum and/or minimum grade truncations (eg | report. This section is not relevant to this report on Mineral Resources and Ore | |
| cutting of high grades) and cut-off grades are usually Material | Reserves | ||
| and should be stated. | |||
| Where aggregate intercepts incorporate short lengths of high | |||
| grade results and longer lengths of low grade results, the | |||
| procedure used for such aggregation should be stated and | |||
| some typical examples of such aggregations should be shown | |||
| in detail. | |||
| The assumptions used for any reporting of metal equivalent | |||
| values should be clearly stated. | |||
| Relationship | These relationships are particularly important in the reporting | ▪ | No exploration has been reported in this release, therefore no drill hole information to |
| between | of Exploration Results. | report. This section is not relevant to this report on Mineral Resources and Ore | |
| mineralisation | If the geometry of the mineralisation with respect to the drill | Reserves |
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APPENDIX 1 – JORC CODE 2012 ASSESSMENT AND REPORTING CRITERIA
| Criteria | JORC Code Explanation | Commentary | |
|---|---|---|---|
| widths and intercept | hole angle is known, its nature should be reported. |
||
| lengths | If it is not known and only the down hole lengths are reported, | ||
| there should be a clear statement to this effect (eg ‘down hole | |||
| length, true width not known’). | |||
| Diagrams | Appropriate maps and sections (with scales) and tabulations | ▪ | No exploration has been reported in this release, therefore no drill hole information to |
| of intercepts should be included for any significant discovery being reported These should include, but not be limited to a |
report. This section is not relevant to this report on Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves |
||
| plan view of drill hole collar locations and appropriate sectional | |||
| views | |||
| Balanced reporting | No exploration has been reported in this release, therefore no | ▪ | No exploration has been reported in this release, therefore no drill hole information to |
| drill hole information to report. This section is not relevant to | report. This section is not relevant to this report on Mineral Resources and Ore | ||
| this report on Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves | Reserves | ||
| Other substantive | No exploration has been reported in this release, therefore no | ▪ | No exploration has been reported in this release, therefore no drill hole information to |
| exploration data | drill hole information to report. This section is not relevant to | report. This section is not relevant to this report on Mineral Resources and Ore | |
| this report on Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves | Reserves | ||
| Further work | Ernest Henry has significant potential to extend the resource | ▪ | The Ernest Henry deposit has significant potential to extend the resource at depth. An |
| at depth. An underground drilling program is in progress to assist in defining this potential. |
underground drilling program is planned to assist in defining this potential. |
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APPENDIX 1 – JORC CODE 2012 ASSESSMENT AND REPORTING CRITERIA
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Section 3 Estimation and Reporting of Mineral Resources
(Criteria listed in Section 1, and where relevant in Section 2, also apply to this section)
| Criteria | JORC Code Explanation | Commentary | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Database | Measures taken to ensure that data has not been corrupted by, | ▪ | All drill hole data is securely stored and backed up daily in an AcQuire database on a |
| integrity | for example, transcription or keying errors, between its initial | single server located on site at EHO. Assay data is quality controlled upon receipt and | |
| collection and its use for Mineral Resource estimation purposes. | imported directly into the database via import templates. User access to the database is | ||
| Data validation procedures used. | controlled by a hierarchy of permissions as defined by the database administrator. | ||
| Site visits | Comment on any site visits undertaken by the Competent Person | ▪ | The Competent Person has reviewed and observed data collection, sampling and |
| and the outcome of those visits. If no site visits have been undertaken indicate why this is the case. |
geological modelling practices and associated procedures on site which could impact the Mineral Resource estimation process. It is the Competent Persons opinion that the |
||
| collection, quality and interpretation of data on site is completed to an appropriate | |||
| standard for use in Mineral Resource estimation and reporting. | |||
| Geological | Confidence in (or conversely, the uncertainty of the geological | ▪ | The distribution of copper and gold at Ernest Henry is directly proportional to the degree |
| interpretation | interpretation of the mineral deposit. | of brecciation occurring, with chalcopyrite, magnetite and associated gold occupying the | |
| Nature of the data used and of any assumptions made. The effect, if any, of alternative interpretations on Mineral |
matrix within the breccia. Deformation porosity is therefore considered the primary control on the mineralisation. The domains used to constrain mineralisation for estimation are |
||
| Resource estimation. | largely grade driven, constructed using Seequent’s Leapfrog implicit modelling software. | ||
| The use of geology in guiding and controlling Mineral Resource | Statistically there are two grade populations existing within the deposit; a high-grade core | ||
| estimation. | domain above 0.7% Cu and a surrounding lower grade halo (>0.1% Cu) domain sharply | ||
| The factors affecting continuity both of grade and geology. | in places and gradual in other areas. Where the grade transition is gradual, a 0.5% Cu | ||
| domain has been developed. Contact analyses of each element between mineralised and unmineralised domains has been completed with results indicating a hard boundary |
|||
| estimation approach is most appropriate between the interpreted domains. | |||
| ▪ | Six high grade gold domains were developed internal to the 0.7% Cu domain. These | ||
| gold domains were developed taking into account geological logging and using a nominal | |||
| lower grade threshold of 1.0 g/t Au. The lower grade threshold was selected based on | |||
| observations of Au assays downhole and the inflection point on the log-probability plot | |||
| of Au, which indicates the grade at which a higher-grade population exists within the total | |||
| Au distribution. | |||
| Dimensions | The extent and variability of the Mineral Resource expressed as | ▪ | Looking east to west, the Ernest Henry deposit extends 1800m along strike (north-south) |
| length (along strike or otherwise), plan width, and depth below surface to the upper and lower limits of the Mineral Resource. |
and 1700m below the surface. The width of mineralisation varies as the deposit becomes elongated below 1300mRL. Above 1300mRL, mineralisation is approximately 340m wide |
||
| (east to west) and approximately 250m wide below 1300mRL. The deposit dips at 40 | |||
| degrees to the south, extending from 60m under a sedimentary blanket to beyond 1700m | |||
| in depth. Below 1575mRL a secondary lens is partitioned to the southeast appearing to | |||
| be strongly influenced by the shearing. The current EHO resource estimate reports |
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APPENDIX 1 – JORC CODE 2012 ASSESSMENT AND REPORTING CRITERIA
| Criteria | JORC Code Explanation | Commentary | |
|---|---|---|---|
| blocks below the final pit surface (approximately 1705mRL) that form a contiguous | |||
| mineable entity within the 0.7 % Cu grade shell. | |||
| Estimation | The nature and appropriateness of the estimation technique(s) | ▪ | Grade estimations for copper (Cu), gold (Au), silver (Ag), arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), iron |
| and modelling | applied and key assumptions, including treatment of extreme |
(Fe), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), sulphur (S), uranium (U) and density were completed | |
| techniques | grade values, domaining, interpolation parameters and maximum | using ordinary kriging in Datamine Studio RM software. Block dimensions (XYZ | |
| distance of extrapolation from data points. If a computer assisted estimation method was chosen include a description of computer |
=10x10x10) used are reflective of the selective mining unit and the geometry of the mineralisation. Sub-cells of 2mE by 2mN by 2mRL were used to accurately reflect |
||
| software and parameters used. | domain volumes. Samples were composited to 2m in length within five Cu domains and | ||
| The availability of check estimates, previous estimates and/or | six Au domains. No top cuts were applied to Cu, Au or density. Top cuts for Ag within | ||
| mine production records and whether the Mineral Resource | Domain 7 were applied to minimise grade smearing. Top cuts to Au and Cu were applied | ||
| estimate takes appropriate account of such data. | to the lower grade (Domain 1) and surrounding waste domain (Domain 0) to minimise | ||
| The assumptions made regarding recovery of by-products. | grade smearing during estimation. | ||
| Estimation of deleterious elements or other non-grade variables | ▪ | A multi-pass search strategy using dynamic anisotropy was utilised to adjust the search | |
| of economic significance (eg sulphur for acid mine drainage | ellipse when estimating grades. True dip and dip direction was estimated into each block | ||
| characterisation). | using the interpreted fold surface developed during domain generation. A high | ||
| In the case of block model interpolation, the block size in relation | confidence, 1stsearch pass used a minimum of 12 samples and maximum of 32 samples | ||
| to the average sample spacing and the search employed. | with a minimum number of 3 octants required. The range of the search ellipse was set | ||
| Any assumptions behind modelling of selective mining units. | at approximately one quarter of the range of the modelled Cu variogram. The search | ||
| Any assumptions about correlation between variables. | neighbourhood criteria were selected based on test estimates using differing versions of | ||
| Description of how the geological interpretation was used to | search criteria and supported by kriging neighbourhood analysis. | ||
| control the resource estimates. | ▪ | Most blocks have been estimated in the first estimation pass (~96% of blocks), which | |
| Discussion of basis for using or not using grade cutting or capping. | used a 210m search. A second, lower confidence estimation pass, which used a 420m | ||
| The process of validation, the checking process used, the | search (approximately half the variogram range of Cu and Au) was used to incorporate | ||
| comparison of model data to drill hole data, and use of | samples further from the block being estimated. | ||
| reconciliation data if available | ▪ | Copper and gold mineralisation are intimately associated throughout the deposit with a | |
| Cu to Au ratio of 2:1 common throughout the deposit. This ratio changes notably in the Au domains where an increase in gold mineralisation is present and the Au to Cu ratio |
|||
| is ≥ 1. | |||
| ▪ | Deleterious elements occurring in the deposit include arsenic and uranium. Both are in | ||
| low abundance and do not present an issue at the mill or in the concentrate. Sulfur is | |||
| estimated into the model and can be used to characterise waste rock. All production from | |||
| underground however is considered acid forming and is treated as such. All other | |||
| deleterious elements fall well below penalty thresholds. | |||
| ▪ | Validation tools employed to scrutinize the model include: | ||
| ▪ Statistical summary of block values to check outlying values and confirm all blocks |
|||
| were estimated. | |||
| ▪ Statistical comparisons between mean estimated grades and mean composited |
|||
| grades for each domain are within ±5%. |
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APPENDIX 1 – JORC CODE 2012 ASSESSMENT AND REPORTING CRITERIA
| Criteria | JORC Code Explanation | Commentary | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ▪ Swath plots of mean estimated grades against mean composite grades within 25 m |
|||
| wide easting, northing and elevation slices shows composite grade trends have been | |||
| closely replicated in the model. | |||
| ▪ Visual comparison in section between block grades and composite grades indicate |
|||
| the estimated grades closely reflect the surrounding composite grades and grade | |||
| smearing has been controlled. | |||
| ▪ Visual comparison of estimated Cu and Au between the June 2023 and December |
|||
| 2022 models shows trends are consistently replicated. | |||
| ▪ Mine to mill reconciliation data gathered over the past 10 years indicates the |
|||
| estimate to be accurate ±5%. | |||
| Moisture | Whether the tonnages are estimated on a dry basis or with natural | ▪ | Tonnage estimates for the purpose of estimating in-situ ore resources are determined |
| moisture, and the method of determination of the moisture content. |
based on dry bulk density. | ||
| Cut-off | The basis of the adopted cut-off grade(s) or quality parameters | ▪ | The resource cut-off at EHO since 2018 has used a $50 Net Smelter Return (NSR), |
| parameters | applied. | which roughly aligned with the 0.7% Cu wireframe. The sub-level caving mining method | |
| precludes the ability to selectively mine blocks below a given cut-off grade. Consequently, the Mineral Resource has been reported within the interpreted 0.7% Cu |
|||
| grade shell without using a cut-off grade. Approximately 0.1% of reported tonnes are | |||
| below 0.7% Cu. This material is considered by the Competent Person (CP) to meet | |||
| reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction, considering the proposed mining | |||
| technique and historical metallurgical recoveries. | |||
| Mining factors | Assumptions made regarding possible mining methods, minimum |
▪ | The Ernest Henry deposit lends itself to a low-cost high production mass mining |
| or | mining dimensions and internal (or, if applicable, external) mining | technique such as sub level caving. It is anticipated the successful extraction of the | |
| assumptions | dilution. It is always necessary as part of the process of | deposit as demonstrated through the underground mine since 2012 using the sub level | |
| determining reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction to consider potential mining methods, but the |
▪ | caving technique will continue. Depletion and sterilization due to mining is estimated using a Power Geotechnical |
|
| assumptions made regarding mining methods and parameters | Cellular Automata (PGCA) flow model. The flow model estimates the relative proportions | ||
| when estimating Mineral Resources may not always be rigorous. | of resource category reporting to draw points for extraction with production actual tonnes | ||
| Where this is the case, this should be reported with an explanation | and grade to September 2022 used for calibration of the model | ||
| of the basis of the mining assumptions made. | |||
| Metallurgical | The basis for assumptions or predictions regarding metallurgical | ▪ | The ore at Ernest Henry has been successfully milled since the open cut started in 1997. |
| factors or | amenability. It is always necessary as part of the process of | Historical mill recoveries for copper and gold in the primary sulfide ore are approximately | |
| assumptions | determining reasonable prospects for eventual economic | 95% and 83% respectively. | |
| extraction to consider potential metallurgical methods, but the assumptions regarding metallurgical treatment processes and |
▪ | Metallurgical test work has been completed as part of the current FS. Whilst the results indicate minimal change in metallurgical assumptions, the metallurgical tests have |
|
| parameters made when reporting Mineral Resources may not | highlighted a minor increase in ore hardness for material within the FS area. | ||
| always be rigorous. Where this is the case, this should be reported | |||
| with an explanation of the basis of the metallurgical assumptions |
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APPENDIX 1 – JORC CODE 2012 ASSESSMENT AND REPORTING CRITERIA
| Criteria | JORC Code Explanation | Commentary | |
|---|---|---|---|
| made. | |||
| Environmental | Assumptions made regarding possible waste and process residue |
▪ | All the relevant environmental licenses are in place for the current mining operation, |
| factors or | disposal options. It is always necessary as part of the process of | including tails storage facility capacity for all reserves. A number of the mining leases will | |
| assumptions | determining reasonable prospects for eventual economic | require renewal to extract all of the Ore Reserve. | |
| extraction to consider the potential environmental impacts of the | |||
| mining and processing operation. While at this stage the | |||
| determination of potential environmental impacts, particularly for | |||
| a greenfields project, may not always be well advanced, the status | |||
| of early consideration of these potential environmental impacts | |||
| should be reported. Where these aspects have not been | |||
| considered this should be reported with an explanation of the | |||
| environmental assumptions made. | |||
| Bulk density | Whether assumed or determined. If assumed, the basis for the | ▪ | An extensive database of Dry Bulk Density measurements has been collected since |
| assumptions. If determined, the method used, whether wet or dry, the frequency of the measurements, the nature, size and |
deposit discovery using the Archimedes water displacement principal on core samples every 20m downhole. These measurements are used in conjunction with an elemental |
||
| representativeness of the samples. | assay analysis to generate a stoichiometric regression formula that is applied to every | ||
| The bulk density for bulk material must have been measured by | sample. Dry bulk density is then estimated into the block model using ordinary kriging. | ||
| methods that adequately account for void spaces (vugs, porosity, | ▪ | Samples are dried in an oven prior to density measurements. | |
| etc), moisture and differences between rock and alteration zones | ▪ | There are very few open voids in the EHO orebody and the crystal structure of the rock | |
| within the deposit. | exhibits minimal porosity. These factors are considered to have little influence on the | ||
| Discuss assumptions for bulk density estimates used in the | estimated global density. | ||
| evaluation process of the different materials. | ▪ | The variability of density across the width of mineralisation is low. | |
| Classification | The basis for the classification of the Mineral Resources into | ▪ | The EHO Mineral Resource (including material in the 0.1% Cu grade shell) has been |
| varying confidence categories. Whether appropriate account has been taken of all relevant |
classified using the following general criteria: ▪ Measured: Drill data used for estimation not exceeding 30m-40m spacing and |
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| factors (ie relative confidence in tonnage/grade estimations, | including full drill coverage on adjacent sections to the north and south. Estimated | ||
| reliability of input data, confidence in continuity of geology and | with a full compliment of composites selected in the kriging process (32). | ||
| metal values, quality, quantity and distribution of the data). | ▪ Indicated: Drill data used for estimation between 40m–60m, estimated with a full |
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| Whether the result appropriately reflects the Competent Person’s | complement of composites selected in the kriging process (32). | ||
| view of the deposit | ▪ Inferred: Drill data used for estimation between 60m-100m |
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| ▪ | Other general conditions taken into consideration in the classification are as follows; ▪ Kriging Efficiency (KE); |
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| ▪ Continuity of grades between drill holes; |
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| ▪ Confidence in the geological interpretation of structures and interpretation of |
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| mineralisation boundary; | |||
| ▪ The mining cut-off at EHO since 2018 has used a $50 Net Smelter Return (NSR), |
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| which roughly aligned with the 0.7% Cu wireframe. Blocks outside this wireframe are |
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APPENDIX 1 – JORC CODE 2012 ASSESSMENT AND REPORTING CRITERIA
| Criteria | JORC Code Explanation | Commentary | |
|---|---|---|---|
| considered “External” for the purposes of the flow model. The Mineral Resource is | |||
| depleted through the flow modelling process, utilising PGCA software. | |||
| Audits or | The results of any audits or reviews of Mineral Resource | ▪ | Resource estimates have been reviewed several times since the 2011 underground |
| reviews | estimates. | ▪ | feasibility study by external geostatistical consultants. The most recent review of the Mineral resource estimate was completed by CSA Global in July 2021. Each review has endorsed the estimate while also recommending minor potential |
| improvements for the next estimate. | |||
| ▪ | The 30 June 2023 Mineral Resource has been internally peer reviewed by Evolution’s | ||
| Transformation & Effectiveness (T&E) team who undertake technical reviews and | |||
| manage corporate governance activities. | |||
| ▪ | An external audit of the 30 June 2023 Mineral Resource will be completed in August | ||
| 2023 | |||
| Discussion of | Where appropriate a statement of the relative accuracy and | ▪ | The Mineral Resource accuracy is communicated through the classification assigned to |
| relative | confidence level in the Mineral Resource estimate using an | this Mineral Resource. | |
| accuracy/ | approach or procedure deemed appropriate by the Competent | ▪ | The Mineral Resource estimate has been classified in accordance with the JORC Code, |
| confidence | Person. For example, the application of statistical or geostatistical | 2012 Edition using a qualitative approach. All factors that have been considered have | |
| procedures to quantify the relative accuracy of the resource within stated confidence limits, or, if such an approach is not deemed |
▪ | been adequately communicated in Section 1 and Section 3 of this Table. Reconciliation data from Mine to Mill since the beginning of the underground operation |
|
| appropriate, a qualitative discussion of the factors that could affect | has ultimately validated the global accuracy of the resource estimate with total received | ||
| the relative accuracy and confidence of the estimate. | metal within ±5%. | ||
| The statement should specify whether it relates to global or local | ▪ | The nature of a caving operation means there is a lag between reserves and ore | |
| estimates, and, if local, state the relevant tonnages, which should | delivered to the mill over short time frames reflecting the challenges of accurately | ||
| be relevant to technical and economic evaluation. Documentation | predicting flow within a cave. | ||
| should include assumptions made and the procedures used. | ▪ | Mine production for the life of mine is estimated using Power Geotechnical Cellular | |
| These statements of relative accuracy and confidence of the | automata (PGCA) flow modelling software. The June 2023 resource model appears to | ||
| estimate should be compared with production data, where | enable a satisfactory correlation with historical reconciled production data when | ||
| available. | calibrations are applied to the flow model. |
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