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ENERGY METALS LTD — Capital/Financing Update 2015
Oct 26, 2015
64845_rns_2015-10-26_4f217fd9-5aa9-435b-b43a-cf3ee2ebe965.pdf
Capital/Financing Update
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ABN 63 111 306 533
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ASX ANNOUNCEMENT
27[th] October 2015
ASX Code - EME
For further information, contact:
Dr Weidong Xiang Energy Metals Limited
Telephone: 61 8 9322 6904 Facsimile: 61 8 9321 5240 Email:[email protected] Level 2, 8 Colin Street West Perth WA 6005
PO Box 1323 West Perth WA 6872
This report and further information are available on Energy Metals’ website at:
www.energymetals.net
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7,456 TONNES U3O8 MAIDEN JORC RESOURCE WALBIRI & SATELLITE DEPOSITS (NT)
HIGHLIGHTS
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Inferred resources of 7,037 tonnes eU3O8 at 641ppm (200ppm cut-off) obtained for the Walbiri uranium deposit confirming Walbiri as the third largest uranium deposit in Central Australia after Angela and Bigrlyi.
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Inferred resources of 260 tonnes eU3O8 at 259ppm and 159 tonnes eU3O8 at 321ppm for the Sundberg and Hill One deposits (200ppm cut-off).
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Uranium potential of the Ngalia Basin (NT) further demonstrated, supporting EME’s strategy of ongoing review of historical deposits in the region.
Significant drill hole intercepts include:
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7.5m at 1,098ppm eU3O8 from 187.1m in WPH07
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3.0m at 1,740ppm eU3O8 from 139.9m in NGDD18
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6.8m at 646ppm eU3O8 from 139.5m in NGRH37A
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1.0m at 5,340ppm eU3O8 from 171.7m in WPD15
Energy Metals Limited (ASX: EME) is pleased to advise that uranium resource estimates have been obtained for the historical Walbiri deposit and two satellite deposits, Sundberg and Hill One, located 75km by road from the Bigrlyi Deposit in the Ngalia Basin, Central Australia (Figure 1). The deposits lie on granted tenements EL24463, ELR45 and EL30145.
The Walbiri Range area was recognised as prospective for sandstone-hosted uranium following the discovery of outcropping carnotite mineralisation by Central Pacific Minerals (CPM) in late 1971. Subsequent exploration work, including the drilling of 57 exploration holes, was carried out by CPM in the period 1972 to 1976. EME acquired CPM’s interest in the project in 2005, including all the historical exploration records which are now held in EME’s archives.
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The Ngalia Basin, which is some 12,600 km[2] in size, is recognised as one of the Northern Territory’s significant and most prospective uranium provinces (JSU Ngalia Basin Uranium Mineral System Project, Northern Territory Geological Survey, Record 2012-003) . In 2014, EME began a program of systematic documentation and evaluation of historical uranium deposits and prospects located on its Ngalia Basin tenure. Because of the thoroughly and meticulously kept CPM exploration records for Walbiri and adjacent satellite deposits, it was recognised that these data would be of sufficient quality to proceed with JORC-compliant resource estimation provided geological criteria such as continuity of mineralisation and appropriate drill hole density could be demonstrated. A review by EME’s resource consultants CSA Global Ltd confirmed that appropriate criteria were met for Walbiri and its satellite deposits, and EME elected to proceed with the resource estimation.
The latest available historical resource estimate for the Walbiri deposit (non-JORC) was undertaken by the Australian Mineral Development Laboratories (AMDEL) in November 1976 using chemical assay data and employing geostatistical constraints. An estimate of 4,789 tonnes U3O8 was obtained for an average grade of 1,140 ppm U3O8 (cut-off grade not specified). An earlier, widely quoted historical “resource” for the Walbiri deposit of 690 tonnes U3O8 at a grade of 1,620 ppm was actually derived from a preliminary resource calculation for a single lens of mineralisation of 743m length and 113m width using a 1,000 ppm cut-off grade. Although this estimated tonnage is not indicative of the deposit as a whole, the estimate has been variously quoted as such over the intervening 40 years giving the impression that Walbiri was not a uranium deposit of significance.
Exploration Results
Walbiri and its satellite deposits are a tabular, sandstone-hosted, uranium-vanadium style of deposit similar to the nearby Bigrlyi deposit. Mineralisation is hosted in the Mt Eclipse sandstone which is comprised dominantly of arkose, sub-arkosic sandstone and shale deposited in an ancient fluvial channel and alluvial fan system. Mineralisation is stratiform in nature and occurs within a number of semi-continuous lenses confined by shale bands; the dominant lens occurs immediately above a shale marker band termed the ‘C-shale’. Mineralisation is hosted in reduced, grey-green coloured, pyrite-bearing rocks typically near the interface with oxidised mottled or red-coloured rock units. Uranium tends to be variably distributed along strike and at depth probably due to both primary depositional features, including the abundance of detrital clay clasts and channel morphology, and the effects of later uranium remobilisation.
The dimensions of the main Walbiri mineralised domain are approximately 3.6 km along strike with an average plan width of 300 m and maximum modelled plan width of 1,100 m. The total combined strike length of the Walbiri deposit and its two satellite deposits (Sundberg and Hill One) is 8.7 km. Stratigraphy and mineralisation dips between 10° and 18° to the SW and the width of the mineralised interval varies from 0.2m to 7.5m, averaging 1.3m thickness. Mineralisation extends from surface and plunges toward the SE with the deepest drill intercept being 230m below surface. Drill hole collar locations and other drilling details are provided in Annexure 1.
Uraninite and coffinite are the dominant uranium minerals in the sub-surface and they occur in close association with pyrite, ferroselite, and detrital-origin phyllosilicate minerals including biotite, clays and chromium-bearing chlorite. Walbiri and the satellite deposits are characterised by low levels of carbonate cement.
All CPM’s drill holes were logged open-hole, by independent geophysical contractors, using downhole gamma probe tools (for further details see the comments with regard to JORC reporting
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below). The downhole gamma probe was used as the primary analytical tool to measure eU3O8 grade. Drill core samples were assayed for uranium, however, these data are not considered to be sufficiently robust nor representative to be used in the resource estimation. Historically a number of samples were assayed to determine the extent of possible radiometric disequilibrium; although the data are somewhat variable it was concluded that significantly mineralised zones are most likely in equilibrium. This view is supported by a comparison of assay and gamma log U3O8 data, and therefore application of a disequilibrium correction is not considered to be warranted at this stage (i.e. radioactive equilibrium factor or REF has been assigned a value of 1).
Drill hole information and gamma log data for all drill holes, including associated metadata and probe calibration records, were compiled from EME’s archives. Historical gamma logs were archived as a compilation of analogue printouts on paper charts; these were scanned at high resolution, digitised and converted to counts per second (cps) data at 10cm intervals downhole. Using the calibration data and hole information the cps data were reprocessed to yield deconvolved eU3O8 values according to well established methods. Significant intercepts (minimum width 0.3m, maximum internal dilution 0.3m, cut-off grade 100ppm eU3O8, and grade x thickness value >100) are detailed in Annexure 2. All relevant drilling data, gamma logging data and geological data including lithological logs have been converted to digital format, verified and loaded into EME’s database (a summary of the information is provided in Table 1 below).
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Figure 1. Map showing the location of the Walbiri deposit and the Sundberg and Hill One satellite deposits in relation to the Ngalia Basin (in green), EME tenement boundaries and various deposits and prospects (significant deposits on EME tenure are identified).
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Table 1. Database Summary used in the Resource Estimation
| Category | Total |
|---|---|
| Number of drill holes | 66* |
| Total metres drilled | 10,018.71 |
| Number of downhole surveyrecords | 66 |
| Number ofgamma logged intervals(at 10 cm) | 79,505 |
| Number of mineralised intervals based on 10 cm gamma-logging |
94 |
| Number of assays | 395 |
| Number of assays used for REF estimatepurposes | 58 |
| Number of intervals with lithological data | 4,573 |
*57 CPM drill holes and 9 Alcoa drill holes. The latter holes, drilled mainly to the west of Sundberg, do not have available gamma logs and were used to constrain lithological continuity and the extent of mineralisation only.
Land tenure
Just over one half of the Walbiri deposit and most of the Sundberg and Hill One satellite deposits are located within granted tenement EL24463, which is 100% EME owned. The remainder of the Walbiri deposit and a portion of the Hill One deposit are located on granted joint venture tenement ELR45, which is a joint venture between EME (41.9%) and Paladin Energy Ltd (PDN: 58.1%) with EME as the operator of the joint venture. About one third of the Sundberg deposit is located on granted tenement EL30145 which is a joint venture between EME (53.3%), Paladin Energy Ltd (PDN: 41.7%) and Southern Cross Exploration (SXX: 5%) with EME as the operator of the joint venture.
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Figure 2. Map showing the location of Walbiri, Sundberg and Hill One deposits in relation to tenement boundaries (green), outcropping sandstone (grey), surface mineralisation (red lines), bedding planes and syncline/anticline axes. Northern boundary of Ngalia Basin (dot-dash line) and drainages (blue) are shown.
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The deposits are all located on the Mt Doreen pastoral lease over which a Native Title claim was determined by consent in 2013. Currently, resource areas of the Walbiri, Sundberg and Hill One deposits are affected by Aboriginal heritage zones which restrict access and limit ground disturbing activities within the area.
Resource Estimation Procedure
Mineralised envelopes at a 100ppm eU3O8 cut-off grade were interpreted and wireframed (Figures 3 & 4). The wireframes were constrained by surface outcrops and constructed on the basis of a sectional interpretation in which the boundaries were extrapolated to half the nominal section spacing beyond the extents of current drilling. For profiles containing only one drill hole, an average bedding dip was assumed. Using the digital lithological logs, digital models were also generated for the three shale horizons (A, B & C-shales) which bound internal sandstone sub-units (Figure 3).
The downhole eU3O8 data were composited over mineralised intervals using the following parameters: minimum thickness 0.3m, 100ppm eU3O8 cut-off grade, 0.3m maximum width of internal waste, no external dilution, and minimum grade-thickness of 30 ppm · m. A REF value of 1 was applied (U3O8/eU3O8 = 1) and statistical and geostatistical analyses were then performed. The block model was created and filled following application of a coordinate transformation to provide a constant orientation of mineralisation for interpolation purposes. Because the distribution of uranium grades consists of several populations the Multiple Indicator Kriging (MIK) method was used for interpolation of grades in the block model. The dimensions of the parent blocks were set at 10х10х0.5 m with sub-celling applied at the boundaries of the model. An average bulk density of 2.56 t/m[3] , as measured from Walbiri core samples held in EME’s core facility, was used. The distribution of U3O8 grade x thickness values obtained is shown in Figure 5 and the resulting resource estimate, which is classified as inferred, is provided in Annexure 3 for various cut-off grades as well as splits for both deposit and joint venture interest.
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Figure 3. A SW-NE cross-section through the Walbiri Deposit showing wireframe models of lithological domains (brown: A-shale; blue: B-shale and green: C-shale) and mineralised bodies (red). Topographic surface and drill hole traces also shown.
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Figure 4. Wireframe models of the mineralised bodies. Outcropping mineralisation shown in red.
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Figure 5. Distribution of U3O8 grade x thickness (GT) for the Walbiri and satellite deposits.
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Summary
The Mineral Resources are summarised in Table 2 for a 200ppm U3O8 cut-off grade:
Table 2: Estimate of Mineral Resources for the Walbiri and Satellite Deposits (Ngalia Basin)
| Category | Deposit | Volume '000 m3 |
Tonnes '000 t |
Grade | Grade | Mineral Resources | Mineral Resources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U3O8 ppm |
U % |
U3O8 Mlb |
U3O8 tonnes |
||||
| Inferred | Hill One | 192 | 494 | 321 | 0.027 | 0.350 | 159 |
| Inferred | Walbiri | 4,274 | 10,983 | 641 | 0.054 | 15.514 | 7,037 |
| Inferred | Sundberg | 391 | 1,005 | 259 | 0.022 | 0.574 | 260 |
| Inferred | Total | 4,857 | 12,482 | 597 | 0.051 | 16.438 | 7,456 |
Notes:
1. The Mineral Resources are for a 100% interest in the associated joint ventures and not the Mineral Resources attributable to the individual joint venture partners.
2. Mineral Resources are based on 200 ppm cut-off grade per resource block.
3. Mineral Resources that are not Mineral Reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability.
4. Mineral Resources are based on JORC-2012 definitions.
5. Mineral Resources are based on a bulk density of 2.56 t/m[3] .
6. Rows and columns may not add up exactly due to rounding.
The Mineral Resources have been classified and reported in accordance with JORC (2012) requirements. The resource classification is based on the assessed level of confidence in sample methods used, geological interpretation, drill spacing and geostatistical measures.
With the mineral resources defined here, the Walbiri deposit is confirmed as the third largest uranium deposit in the southern Northern Territory after Angela and Bigrlyi, and is the second largest deposit in the Ngalia Basin (Table 3). These results affirm the standing of the Ngalia Basin as one of Australia’s significant uranium provinces.
Table 3: Mineral Resources of the three largest uranium deposits in the Alice Springs region
| Deposit | Basin | Energy Metals’ Interest (%) |
No. Resource Drill Holes |
Cut-Off U3O8 Grade (ppm) |
Average U3O8 Grade (ppm) |
U3O8 tonnes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angela1 | Amadeus | 0 | 794 | 300 | 1,310 | 13,980 |
| Bigrlyi | Ngalia | 53.3 | 1,057 | 250 | 818 | 12,230 |
| Walbiri | Ngalia | 73.4 | 47 | 200 | 641 | 7,037 |
1 Paladin Energy Ltd (100%)
Because the resource is based on a relatively small number of drill holes compared with the other deposits, Energy Metals believes there is considerable scope for expansion of the resource by both in-fill and along strike extensional drilling. In particular, mineralisation is open to the SE and is likely
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to be repeated in folded strata of the Mt Eclipse syncline and anticline to the south of the current resource area. In fact, an Induced Polarisation geophysical survey completed in 2013 has delineated a chargeable unit (i.e. prospective reduced sandstone) in the predicted stratigraphic position for Walbiri mineralisation folded around the southern limb of the Mt Eclipse syncline some 2 km south of the resource area; this represents a prime target for future drill testing.
Due to the proximity of the Walbiri and Bigrlyi deposits (Figure 1), EME considers that a combined future mining development would have a positive impact on project economics through both shared capital costs and increased project mine life. Although mineralisation at Walbiri is known to have certain favourable metallurgical characteristics such as low carbonate content, little work has been done on Walbiri since 1976; modern investigations of deposit metallurgy, hydrology, rock properties and uranium series equilibrium, in addition to drill test work, will be required to advance the project in the medium term. Energy Metals remains committed to its strategy of data compilation, resource evaluation and drill testing of historical uranium deposits on its Ngalia Basin tenure.
For and on behalf of the Board.
Weidong Xiang Managing Director 27[th] October 2015
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Competent Persons Statement
The information in this report that relates to Mineral Resource estimation is based on information compiled by Mr Dmitry Pertel, Principal Consultant Geologist, CSA Global Ltd and Dr Maxim Seredkin, Principal Consultant Geologist, CSA Global Ltd. Information in this report relating to the interpretation and determination of gamma probe results is based on information compiled by Mr Evgeny Sirotenko, consultant geophysicist, under supervision of Dr Maxim Seredkin, Principal Consultant Geologist, CSA Global Ltd. Mr Pertel is a member of the Australian Institute of Geoscientists (MAIG) and is an employee of CSA Global. Dr Seredkin is a Fellow of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (FAusIMM), a member of the Australian Institute of Geoscientists (MAIG), and is an employee of CSA Global. Mr Pertel and Dr Seredkin have sufficient experience which is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity which they are undertaking to qualify as Competent Persons as defined by the “Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves – The JORC Code (2012)”, and Mr Pertel and Dr Seredkin both consent to the inclusion in this report of the matters based on the information in the form and context in which it appears.
Information in this report relating to exploration results, data, cut-off grades and QAQC analysis is based on information compiled by Dr Wayne Taylor and Mr Lindsay Dudfield. Mr Dudfield is a member of the AusIMM and the AIG. Dr Taylor is a member of the AIG and is a full time employee of Energy Metals; Mr Dudfield is a consultant to Energy Metals. They both have sufficient experience which is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity which they are undertaking to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the “Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves – The JORC Code (2012)”. Dr Taylor and Mr Dudfield both consent to the inclusion of the information in the report in the form and context in which it appears.
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Annexure 1. Collar coordinates for historical drilling at the Walbiri deposit and satellite deposits, GDA94 datum, Zone 52.
| HOLE NUMBER |
DEPOSIT | EASTING (m) |
NORTHING (m) |
ELEV- ATION(m) |
DRILL TYPE* |
DIP (deg- rees) |
TRUE AZI- MUTH (deg- rees) |
TOTAL DEPTH (m) |
Hole Completion Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NGDD07 | Walbiri | 765595 | 7531202 | 718.2 | DD | -90 | 5 | 53.63 | 20/09/1972 |
| NGDD08 | Walbiri | 765659 | 7531123 | 705.8 | DD | -90 | 5 | 64.64 | 29/09/1972 |
| NGDD09 | Walbiri | 765501 | 7531296 | 731.2 | DD | -90 | 5 | 55.8 | 1/10/1972 |
| NGDD10 | Walbiri | 765031 | 7531324 | 725.4 | DD | -90 | 5 | 91.44 | 5/10/1972 |
| NGDD11 | Walbiri | 765483 | 7531140 | 738.7 | DD | -90 | 5 | 104.24 | 10/10/1972 |
| NGDD12 | Walbiri | 765173 | 7530807 | 671.5 | DD | -90 | 5 | 216.4 | 24/10/1972 |
| NGDD13 | Walbiri | 765678 | 7530779 | 669.5 | DD | -90 | 5 | 100.89 | 11/11/1972 |
| NGDD14 | Walbiri | 766184 | 7530745 | 729.9 | DD | -90 | 5 | 100.58 | 17/11/1972 |
| NGDD15 | Walbiri | 764900 | 7531580 | 772.1 | DD | -90 | 5 | 102.7 | 27/11/1972 |
| NGDD17 | Walbiri | 765439 | 7530624 | 666.2 | DD | -90 | 5 | 165.2 | 1/12/1972 |
| NGDD18 | Walbiri | 765926 | 7530411 | 678.7 | DD | -90 | 5 | 165.2 | 10/12/1972 |
| NGDD19 | Walbiri | 764699 | 7531199 | 707.9 | DD | -90 | 5 | 170.7 | 20/12/1972 |
| NGRH01 | Walbiri | 764476 | 7531588 | 698.7 | PH | -90 | 5 | 82.6 | 19/08/1973 |
| NGRH02 | Walbiri | 764290 | 7531371 | 687.6 | PH | -90 | 5 | 109 | 27/09/1973 |
| NGRH03 | Walbiri | 766475 | 7530368 | 670.9 | PH | -90 | 5 | 26 | 11/08/1973 |
| NGRH03A | Walbiri | 766472 | 7530367 | 670.8 | PH | -90 | 5 | 97.25 | 17/08/1973 |
| NGRH04 | Walbiri | 766287 | 7530113 | 663.1 | PH | -90 | 5 | 169 | 26/08/1973 |
| NGRH05 | Walbiri | 766975 | 7530284 | 710.9 | PH | -90 | 5 | 106 | 21/09/1973 |
| NGRH11 | Walbiri | 764189 | 7531989 | 776.1 | PH | -90 | 5 | 85 | 14/10/1973 |
| NGRH12 | Walbiri | 763713 | 7532197 | 757.9 | PH | -90 | 5 | 92 | 17/10/1973 |
| NGRH36 | Walbiri | 765793 | 7530472 | 673.8 | PH | -90 | 5 | 161 | 18/11/1973 |
| NGRH37A | Walbiri | 766139 | 7530288 | 676.4 | PH | -90 | 5 | 166 | 15/11/1973 |
| NGRH38 | Walbiri | 765214 | 7531179 | 697.9 | PH | -90 | 5 | 29 | not specified |
| NGRH50 | Walbiri | 765457 | 7530839 | 681.5 | PH | -90 | 5 | 128 | 5/11/1973 |
| WPH01 | Walbiri | 765690 | 7530220 | 662.1 | PH | -90 | 5 | 218.5 | 2/02/1975 |
| WPH02 | Walbiri | 765865 | 7530129 | 660.1 | PH | -90 | 5 | 208.04 | 13/02/1975 |
| WPH03 | Walbiri | 765459 | 7530335 | 666.5 | PH | -90 | 5 | 216.08 | 15/03/1975 |
| WPH04 | Walbiri | 766146 | 7529989 | 660.8 | PH | -90 | 5 | 191.83 | 24/03/1975 |
| WPH05 | Walbiri | 766196 | 7529919 | 662.1 | PH | -90 | 5 | 94 | 13/03/1975 |
| WPH06 | Walbiri | 764951 | 7530395 | 679.3 | PH | -90 | 5 | 113.04 | 21/03/1975 |
| WPH07 | Walbiri | 766359 | 7529878 | 664.9 | PH | -90 | 5 | 207.84 | 26/04/1975 |
| WPH08 | Walbiri | 766541 | 7529754 | 666.5 | PH | -90 | 5 | 212.55 | 17/09/1975 |
| WPH09 | Walbiri | 766752 | 7529606 | 668.6 | PH | -90 | 5 | 220.7 | 14/10/1975 |
| WPH10 | Walbiri | 766218 | 7529711 | 663.1 | PH | -90 | 5 | 253 | 27/10/1975 |
| WPD11 | Walbiri | 766389 | 7529664 | 664.5 | PD | -90 | 5 | 247.42 | 21/04/1976 |
| WPD12 | Walbiri | 766507 | 7529526 | 663.8 | PD | -90 | 5 | 256.25 | 29/04/1976 |
| WPD13 | Walbiri | 766028 | 7529854 | 660.4 | PD | -90 | 5 | 259.44 | 5/05/1976 |
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| WPD14 | Walbiri | 766103 | 7530016 | 660.9 | PD | -90 | 5 | 187.3 | 11/05/1976 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WPD15 | Walbiri | 766195 | 7530055 | 661.7 | PD | -90 | 5 | 187.12 | 15/05/1976 |
| WPD16 | Walbiri | 766219 | 7530382 | 672.5 | PD | -90 | 5 | 125.75 | 29/05/1976 |
| WPD17 | Walbiri | 765833 | 7530611 | 684.6 | PD | -90 | 5 | 133.47 | 1/06/1976 |
| WPD18 | Walbiri | 766392 | 7529963 | 669.5 | PD | -90 | 5 | 189.34 | 5/06/1976 |
| WPD19 | Walbiri | 766307 | 7529798 | 663.7 | PD | -90 | 5 | 226.92 | 12/06/1976 |
| WPD20 | Walbiri | 766279 | 7529933 | 663.8 | PD | -90 | 5 | 205.62 | 18/06/1976 |
| WPD21 | Walbiri | 766441 | 7529810 | 665.1 | PD | -90 | 5 | 208.69 | 23/06/1976 |
| WPD22 | Walbiri | 766014 | 7530157 | 666.2 | PD | -90 | 5 | 187.57 | 27/06/1976 |
| WPD23 | Walbiri | 766694 | 7530109 | 674.8 | PD | -90 | 5 | 181.67 | 2/07/1976 |
| NGRH06 | Hill One | 767530 | 7530183 | 752.6 | PH | -90 | 5 | 144.6 | 10/11/1973 |
| NGRH07 | Hill One | 767773 | 7529851 | 720.0 | PH | -90 | 5 | 123 | 9/11/1973 |
| NGRH08 | Hill One | 768214 | 7529497 | 687.5 | PH | -90 | 5 | 151 | 7/11/1973 |
| NGRH09 | Hill One | 768545 | 7529199 | 662.8 | PH | -90 | 5 | 112 | 8/11/1973 |
| NGRH10 | Hill One | 768880 | 7528801 | 659.1 | PH | -90 | 5 | 100 | 11/11/1973 |
| NGRH13 | Sundberg | 763327 | 7532516 | 780.3 | PH | -90 | 5 | 94 | 21/10/1973 |
| NGRH14 | Sundberg | 762911 | 7532637 | 745.8 | PH | -90 | 5 | 92 | 23/10/1973 |
| NGRH15 | Sundberg | 761997 | 7533148 | 738.7 | PH | -90 | 5 | 99 | 25/10/1973 |
| NGRH45 | Sundberg | 762483 | 7532891 | 726.1 | PH | -90 | 5 | 97.5 | 27/10/1973 |
| NGRH46 | Sundberg | 761493 | 7533314 | 672.2 | PH | -90 | 5 | 105 | 3/11/1973 |
| MD007 | Sundberg | 761456 | 7534413 | 673.0 | PH | -60 | 25 | 100 | 4/07/1978 |
| MD008 | Sundberg | 762153 | 7534207 | 679.0 | PH | -60 | 205 | 152 | 15/07/1978 |
| MD013 | Sundberg | 760108 | 7532421 | 654.1 | PH | -60 | 27 | 200 | 19/08/1978 |
| MD014 | Sundberg | 760492 | 7532535 | 659.9 | PH | -60 | 27 | 149 | 21/08/1978 |
| MD015 | Sundberg | 760951 | 7533431 | 671.1 | PH | -60 | 40 | 200 | 23/08/1978 |
| MD016 | Sundberg | 761192 | 7534039 | 673.0 | PH | -60 | 35 | 200 | 25/08/1978 |
| MD025 | Sundberg | 760829 | 7533106 | 659.7 | PD | -60 | 140 | 325.2 | 26/03/1980 |
| MD019 | Other | 761260 | 7529206 | 637.2 | PH | -90 | 5 | 200 | 2/08/1979 |
| MD020 | Other | 760035 | 7529280 | 636.1 | PH | -90 | 5 | 200 | 3/08/1979 |
*PH = Percussion Hole; DD = Diamond Drill Core; PD = Diamond Tail
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Annexure 2. Significant eU3O8 (Deconvolved Gamma Log) intercepts from the Walbiri and satellite deposits based on the criteria: Minimum width 0.3m, maximum internal dilution 0.3m, 100ppm eU3O8 cut-off grade; Grade x Thickness >100. Grade x Thickness (GxT) values >1000 are highlighted in bold italics.
| Hole Number |
From (m) |
To (m) |
Width (m) |
eU3O8 (ppm) |
G×T (ppm·m) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NGDD10 | 45.2 | 45.8 | 0.6 | 324 | 194 |
| NGDD11 | 67.6 | 68.5 | 0.9 | 2210 | 1989 |
| 72.0 | 73.3 | 1.3 | 1269 | 1650 | |
| 73.9 | 75.4 | 1.5 | 1181 | 1772 | |
| NGDD12 | 144.1 | 144.9 | 0.8 | 192 | 154 |
| NGDD13 | 76.8 | 77.3 | 0.5 | 369 | 185 |
| NGDD14 | 82.2 | 84.1 | 1.9 | 150 | 285 |
| 87.0 | 89.1 | 2.1 | 603 | 1266 | |
| 89.5 | 91.0 | 1.5 | 372 | 558 | |
| NGDD15 | 39.3 | 41.8 | 2.5 | 820 | 2050 |
| 82.7 | 85.3 | 2.6 | 644 | 1674 | |
| NGDD18 | 139.9 | 142.9 | 3.0 | 1740 | 5220 |
| NGDD07 | 10.0 | 16.1 | 6.1 | 433 | 2641 |
| 16.9 | 21.1 | 4.2 | 583 | 2449 | |
| 22.1 | 25.1 | 3.0 | 198 | 594 | |
| NGRH15 | 63.5 | 64.1 | 0.6 | 305 | 183 |
| 96.3 | 96.8 | 0.5 | 207 | 104 | |
| 68.0 | 68.6 | 0.6 | 201 | 121 | |
| NGRH37A | 138.6 | 139.1 | 0.5 | 406 | 203 |
| 139.5 | 146.3 | 6.8 | 646 | 4393 | |
| 88.1 | 88.7 | 0.6 | 511 | 307 | |
| NGRH03A | 90.0 | 91.6 | 1.6 | 455 | 728 |
| 93.0 | 95.1 | 2.1 | 265 | 557 | |
| NGRH46 | 48.3 | 50.8 | 2.5 | 202 | 505 |
| NGRH09 | 43.7 | 44.1 | 0.4 | 395 | 158 |
| 46.2 | 46.8 | 0.6 | 273 | 164 | |
| WPD11 | 162.6 | 163.0 | 0.4 | 718 | 287 |
| 200.8 | 201.3 | 0.5 | 339 | 170 | |
| 211.2 | 212.6 | 1.4 | 416 | 582 | |
| WPD12 | 169.1 | 171.1 | 2.0 | 244 | 488 |
| 175.0 | 175.6 | 0.6 | 214 | 128 | |
| 225.9 | 227.5 | 1.6 | 678 | 1085 | |
| WPD14 | 98.8 | 99.4 | 0.6 | 213 | 128 |
| 166.8 | 170.6 | 3.8 | 484 | 1839 | |
| WPD15 | 144.6 | 145.1 | 0.5 | 296 | 148 |
| 169.0 | 170.7 | 1.7 | 365 | 621 | |
| 171.7 | 172.7 | 1.0 | 5340 | 5340 | |
| WPD16 | 106.8 | 109.4 | 2.6 | 513 | 1334 |
| WPD18 | 172.3 | 174.6 | 2.3 | 393 | 904 |
12
| WPD19 | 199.6 | 204.0 | 4.4 | 523 | 2301 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 204.5 | 204.9 | 0.4 | 2554 | 1022 | |
| WPD20 | 179.8 | 181.4 | 1.6 | 586 | 938 |
| WPD21 | 190.3 | 193.4 | 3.1 | 555 | 1721 |
| WPD22 | 170.7 | 171.4 | 0.7 | 159 | 111 |
| 172.3 | 174.0 | 1.7 | 904 | 1537 | |
| WPH01 | 194.2 | 194.9 | 0.7 | 234 | 164 |
| 195.4 | 200.5 | 5.1 | 372 | 1897 | |
| WPH10 | 215.3 | 216.3 | 1.0 | 485 | 485 |
| 218.1 | 219.4 | 1.3 | 364 | 473 | |
| 220.5 | 221.1 | 0.6 | 1825 | 1095 | |
| WPH02 | 186.5 | 188.0 | 1.5 | 276 | 414 |
| 189.6 | 192.1 | 2.5 | 348 | 870 | |
| 193.4 | 195.9 | 2.5 | 835 | 2088 | |
| WPH04 | 177.0 | 181.6 | 4.6 | 993 | 4568 |
| 182.1 | 183.1 | 1.0 | 353 | 353 | |
| WPH07 | 187.1 | 194.6 | 7.5 | 1098 | 8235 |
| WPH08 | 187.7 | 190.1 | 2.4 | 916 | 2198 |
| WPH09 | 124.6 | 125.7 | 1.1 | 251 | 276 |
| NGDD08 | 29.6 | 30.5 | 0.9 | 250 | 225 |
13
Annexure 3. Walbiri deposit and Satellite deposits Resource Report.
| Cut-off U3O8ppm |
Volume ‘000 m3 |
‘000 tonnes | Average Grade U3O8 ppm |
U3O8 Mlb |
U3O8 tonnes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hill One Deposit | |||||
| 100% EnergyMetals | |||||
| 1,000 | 0 | 0 | - | 0.000 | 0 |
| 750 | 0 | 0 | - | 0.000 | 0 |
| 500 | 2 | 6 | 550 | 0.007 | 4 |
| 400 | 8 | 19 | 452 | 0.019 | 8 |
| 300 | 81 | 208 | 362 | 0.166 | 75 |
| 200 | 189 | 486 | 323 | 0.346 | 157 |
| 100 | 487 | 1,252 | 201 | 0.555 | 252 |
| 0 | 487 | 1,252 | 201 | 0.555 | 252 |
| JV Paladin and EnergyMetals(ELR45) | |||||
| 1,000 | 0 | 0 | - | 0.000 | 0 |
| 750 | 0 | 0 | - | 0.000 | 0 |
| 500 | 0 | 0 | - | 0.000 | 0 |
| 400 | 0 | 0 | - | 0.000 | 0 |
| 300 | 0 | 0 | - | 0.000 | 0 |
| 200 | 3 | 8 | 208 | 0.004 | 2 |
| 100 | 295 | 759 | 122 | 0.205 | 93 |
| 0 | 295 | 759 | 122 | 0.205 | 93 |
| Total,Hill One Deposit | |||||
| 1,000 | 0 | 0 | - | 0.000 | 0 |
| 750 | 0 | 0 | - | 0.000 | 0 |
| 500 | 2 | 6 | 550 | 0.007 | 3 |
| 400 | 8 | 19 | 452 | 0.019 | 9 |
| 300 | 81 | 208 | 362 | 0.166 | 75 |
| 200 | 192 | 494 | 321 | 0.350 | 159 |
| 100 | 782 | 2,011 | 171 | 0.759 | 344 |
| 0 | 782 | 2,011 | 171 | 0.759 | 344 |
| Walbiri Deposit | |||||
| 100% EnergyMetals | |||||
| 1,000 | 341 | 877 | 1,598 | 3.090 | 1402 |
| 750 | 744 | 1,911 | 1,167 | 4.915 | 2229 |
| 500 | 1,063 | 2,732 | 998 | 6.011 | 2727 |
| 400 | 1,367 | 3,512 | 876 | 6.786 | 3078 |
| 300 | 1,886 | 4,847 | 730 | 7.798 | 3537 |
| 200 | 2,301 | 5,913 | 644 | 8.402 | 3811 |
| 100 | 3,119 | 8,015 | 516 | 9.119 | 4136 |
| 0 | 3,330 | 8,559 | 486 | 9.178 | 4163 |
| JV Paladin and EnergyMetals(ELR45) |
14
| 1,000 | 284 | 730 | 1,920 | 3.090 | 1402 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 750 | 429 | 1,102 | 1,554 | 3.775 | 1712 |
| 500 | 750 | 1,927 | 1,147 | 4.872 | 2210 |
| 400 | 1,014 | 2,607 | 965 | 5.545 | 2515 |
| 300 | 1,441 | 3,703 | 781 | 6.374 | 2891 |
| 200 | 1,973 | 5,070 | 636 | 7.112 | 3226 |
| 100 | 2,310 | 5,936 | 565 | 7.394 | 3354 |
| 0 | 2,325 | 5,975 | 562 | 7.400 | 3357 |
| Total,Walbiri Deposit | |||||
| 1,000 | 625 | 1,607 | 1,744 | 6.180 | 2803 |
| 750 | 1,172 | 3,013 | 1,308 | 8.691 | 3942 |
| 500 | 1,813 | 4,659 | 1,059 | 10.883 | 4936 |
| 400 | 2,381 | 6,119 | 914 | 12.331 | 5593 |
| 300 | 3,327 | 8,551 | 752 | 14.172 | 6428 |
| 200 | 4,274 | 10,983 | 641 | 15.514 | 7037 |
| 100 | 5,428 | 13,951 | 537 | 16.513 | 7490 |
| 0 | 5,655 | 14,534 | 517 | 16.578 | 7520 |
| SundbergDeposit | |||||
| 100% EnergyMetals | |||||
| 1,000 | 0 | 0 | - | 0.000 | 0 |
| 750 | 0 | 0 | - | 0.000 | 0 |
| 500 | 0 | 0 | - | 0.000 | 0 |
| 400 | 3 | 7 | 410 | 0.006 | 3 |
| 300 | 52 | 133 | 322 | 0.095 | 43 |
| 200 | 292 | 750 | 252 | 0.416 | 189 |
| 100 | 550 | 1,413 | 203 | 0.633 | 287 |
| 0 | 550 | 1,413 | 203 | 0.633 | 287 |
| JV Paladin,EnergyMetals & Southern Cross(EL30145) | |||||
| 1,000 | 0 | 0 | - | 0.000 | 0 |
| 750 | 0 | 0 | - | 0.000 | 0 |
| 500 | 0 | 0 | - | 0.000 | 0 |
| 400 | 2 | 5 | 410 | 0.004 | 2 |
| 300 | 54 | 139 | 325 | 0.100 | 45 |
| 200 | 99 | 255 | 281 | 0.158 | 72 |
| 100 | 161 | 414 | 246 | 0.224 | 102 |
| 0 | 161 | 414 | 246 | 0.224 | 102 |
| Total,SundbergDeposit | |||||
| 1,000 | 0 | 0 | - | 0.000 | 0 |
| 750 | 0 | 0 | - | 0.000 | 0 |
| 500 | 0 | 0 | - | 0.000 | 0 |
| 400 | 5 | 12 | 410 | 0.010 | 5 |
| 300 | 106 | 273 | 323 | 0.194 | 88 |
| 200 | 391 | 1,005 | 259 | 0.574 | 260 |
| 100 | 711 | 1,827 | 213 | 0.857 | 389 |
| 0 | 711 | 1,827 | 213 | 0.857 | 389 |
15
| Combined Deposits | Combined Deposits | Combined Deposits | Combined Deposits | Combined Deposits | Combined Deposits |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,000 | 625 | 1,607 | 1,744 | 6.180 | 2803 |
| 750 | 1,172 | 3,013 | 1,308 | 8.691 | 3942 |
| 500 | 1,815 | 4,665 | 1,059 | 10.890 | 4940 |
| 400 | 2,393 | 6,150 | 912 | 12.361 | 5607 |
| 300 | 3,514 | 9,031 | 730 | 14.532 | 6592 |
| 200 | 4,857 | 12,482 | 597 | 16.438 | 7456 |
| 100 | 6,922 | 17,789 | 462 | 18.130 | 8224 |
| 0 | 7,149 | 18,372 | 449 | 18.195 | 8253 |
Note: All figures in the tables are rounded, and therefore the total sums might not be the direct sum of the input figures
16
The following commentary is provided to ensure compliance with the JORC (2012) requirements for the reporting of Mineral Resource Estimates as discussed above for the Walbiri, Sundberg and Hill One Deposits located on tenements EL24463, ELR45 and EL30145.
Section 1: Sampling Techniques and Data
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sampling | | Nature and quality of sampling (eg cut channels, | | The primary sampling instrument at the Walbiri and satellite deposits was the |
| techniques | random chips, or specific specialised industry standard | downhole gamma tool (or ‘probe’) which was used to obtain a total gamma count | ||
| measurement tools appropriate to the minerals under | reading down each drill hole. Drilling was by rotary percussion (PH) and diamond | |||
| investigation, such as down hole gamma sondes, or | core drilling (DD) methods with NE-SW oriented drill lines on 100 - 150 m spacing | |||
| handheld XRF instruments, etc). These examples | and closer 50 m spacing within the primary mineralised zones. Away from the | |||
| should not be taken as limiting the broad meaning of | primary zones the spacing varied from 250 m to 500 m. Drill holes were mostly | |||
| sampling. | vertical to optimally intersect shallow-dipping mineralisation. Original analogue | |||
| | Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample | gamma log data was digitised at 10 cm intervals downhole and converted to | ||
| representivity and the appropriate calibration of any | standard format LAS files followed by calculation of equivalent U3O8(eU3O8) | |||
| measurement tools or systems used. | grades (see below for further information on gamma log processing procedures). | |||
| | Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are | | The total count gamma logging method used here is a common method used to | |
| Material to the Public Report. | estimate uranium grade where the radiation contribution from thorium and | |||
| | In cases where ‘industry standard’ work has been done | potassium is small (as is the case for sandstone-hosted deposits of the Bigrlyi- | ||
| this would be relatively simple (eg ‘reverse circulation | type considered here). Gamma radiation is measured from a volume surrounding | |||
| drilling was used to obtain 1 m samples from which 3 | the drill hole that has a radius of approximately 35 cm. Therefore the gamma | |||
| kg was pulverised to produce a 30 g charge for fire | probe samples a much larger volume than drill spoil or drill core samples | |||
| assay’). In other cases more explanation may be | recovered from a drill hole of normal diameter; gamma logging is considered to | |||
| required, such as where there is coarse gold that has | provide a more representative sample of the mineralised body and is preferred | |||
| inherent sampling problems. Unusual commodities or | over geochemical assay of drill samples for resource estimation purposes. | |||
| mineralisation types (eg submarine nodules) may | | Estimates of uranium concentration determined from gamma ray measurements | ||
| warrant disclosure of detailed information. | are based on the commonly accepted initial assumption that the uranium is in | |||
| secular equilibrium with its daughter products (radionuclides), which are the | ||||
| principal gamma ray emitters along the U-series decay chain. If uranium is in | ||||
| disequilibrium as a result of the redistribution (depletion or enhancement) of | ||||
| uranium relative to its daughter radionuclides, then the true uranium concentration | ||||
| in the holes logged using the gamma probe will be higher or lower than those | ||||
| reported. For the present resource estimation at Walbiri no disequilibrium | ||||
| correction has been applied, i.e. the Radioactive Equilibrium Factor (REF) = | ||||
| U3O8/eU3O8has been set to 1 (see below for further explanation). This is consistent | ||||
| with current knowledge of other Ngalia Basin uranium deposits such as Bigrlyi. | ||||
| Drilling | | Drill type (eg core, reverse circulation, open-hole | | Rotary percussion and diamond drilling methods were used by Central Pacific |
| hammer, rotary air blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) | Minerals(CPM)between theyears 1972 – 1976 and byAlcoa in theperiod 1978 - |
17
| techniques | and details (eg core diameter, triple or standard tube, | 1980. The 1972 program primarily consisted of NQ diamond drilling from surface | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| depth of diamond tails, face-sampling bit or other type, | with a reduction in diameter to BQ at depth. The later programs included rotary | |||
| whether core is oriented and if so, by what method, | percussion pre-collars between 50 - 100m depth with NQ diamond tails and also | |||
| etc). | pure rotary percussion from surface to target depth. Rotary percussion drilling | |||
| used 6 - 6 1/8” tri-cone roller bits and 11 – 12 cm diameter air-hammer. Hole sizes | ||||
| ranged from 7.6 to 16.5 cm and were primarily cased with NQ and NW casing to | ||||
| the pre-collar depths. | ||||
| Drill sample | | Method of recording and assessing core and chip | | Drill spoil recovery is not relevant to the sampling method used (i.e. downhole |
| recovery | sample recoveries and results assessed. | gamma logging). | ||
| | Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and | | Drill core from CPM exploration programs in the period 1972-1976 is archived in | |
| ensure representative nature of the samples. | Energy Metals core storage facility and at the NTGS Alice Springs core library. | |||
| | Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery | | Core recoveries at the time of drilling were noted by CPM to be better than 94%. | |
| and grade and whether sample bias may have | ||||
| occurred due to preferential loss/gain of fine/coarse | ||||
| material. | ||||
| Logging | | Whether core and chip samples have been geologically | | Twenty-two historical diamond core holes were re-logged by EME geologists for |
| and geotechnically logged to a level of detail to support | lithology, colour, grain-size, stratigraphic unit, oxidation state, alteration, | |||
| appropriate Mineral Resource estimation, mining | cementation, weathering and other features; data was recorded digitally and core | |||
| studies and metallurgical studies. | was photographed. Scintillometer and Niton portable XRF measurements were | |||
| | Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. | undertaken at 20 cm intervals through mineralised zones to confirm the width of | ||
| Core (or costean, channel, etc) photography. | mineralisation. The coded data was verified according to EME’s standard logging | |||
| | The total length and percentage of the relevant | look-up tables. The re-logs were found to be in good agreement with previous | ||
| intersections logged. | logging records, which provided confidence in the quality of original CPM logging, | |||
| and permitted EME to proceed with digitisation of the remaining CPM historical | ||||
| drill core logs. | ||||
| | Rotary percussion drill chip samples were logged at the time of drilling by CPM | |||
| geologists and the hard copy lithological logs were converted to digital format by | ||||
| EME geologists using EME’s standard codes. |
18
| Sub- | | If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half | | Core was originally split into samples of half core for assay work. Half core was |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| sampling | or all core taken. | quartered for duplicate checks. Historically, CPM assayed for uranium and | ||
| techniques | | If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, | vanadium. The assay data were not used for the resource estimation work as they | |
| and sample | etc and whether sampled wet or dry. | are not considered sufficiently robust nor representative in comparison with the | ||
| preparation | | For all sample types, the nature, quality and | gamma logging measurements. However, assay data has been used to evaluate | |
| appropriateness of the sample preparation technique. | the Radioactive Equilibrium Factor. | |||
| | Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling | |||
| stages to maximise representivity of samples. | ||||
| | Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is | |||
| representative of the in situ material collected, including | ||||
| for instance results for field duplicate/second-half | ||||
| sampling. | ||||
| | Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size | |||
| of the material being sampled. | ||||
| Quality of | | The nature, quality and appropriateness of the | | The gamma tools used for downhole gamma ray measurements were calibrated |
| assay data | assaying and laboratory procedures used and whether | and operated by geophysical contractors Austral United Geophysical (AUG) | ||
| and | the technique is considered partial or total. | during the period 1972 – 1973 then McPhar Geophysics Pty Ltd until 1975 and | ||
| laboratory | | For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF | after this time by Geoex Pty Ltd of South Australia who acquired the assets of | |
| tests | instruments, etc, the parameters used in determining | McPhar. Calibration information including k-factors and deadtime corrections and | ||
| the analysis including instrument make and model, | hole information including hole diameter, casing depths/type and fluid levels/type | |||
| reading times, calibrations factors applied and their | were recorded for each hole. The accuracy and reproducibility of the probe data | |||
| derivation, etc. | were monitored using two on-site standard radioactive sources (a low-level and a | |||
| | Nature of quality control procedures adopted (eg | high-level source) and the monitoring data was included on each paper log and | ||
| standards, blanks, duplicates, external laboratory | deemed satisfactory. | |||
| checks) and whether acceptable levels of accuracy (ie | | In 1972 holes were probed by AUG using a combination tool #326E (S.P., | ||
| lack of bias) and precision have been established. | resistivity and gamma); which included a Sodium Iodide (NaI) 1 x ¾ inch detector | |||
| crystal. In 1973 AUG switched to a different NaI probe of the same make and size | ||||
| detector (#223). A primary run was undertaken for each hole and if warranted a | ||||
| separate run over mineralised intervals was completed. Post-1975, drill holes | ||||
| were probed with the L1 or lithology gamma probe which employed a sensitive 4 x | ||||
| 1 inch NaI detector crystal. Intervals of significant mineralisation (off-scale on the | ||||
| L1 probe) were re-probed with the O1 or ‘ore’ gamma probe which employed the | ||||
| less sensitive 1 x ¾ inch NaI detector crystal. No gamma log data was available | ||||
| for holes drilled by Alcoa (western margin of the Sundberg prospect). | ||||
| | Approximately 75% of the drill holes (those with a standing water level) were | |||
| logged electrically to provide downhole electric potential and resistivity data. This | ||||
| data has not been digitised or used for resource estimation purposes. | ||||
| | The counts per second (cps) downhole gamma data were recorded on paper | |||
| charts with an analogue pen recorder; for some 1975 - 1976 holes (WPH) the cps | ||||
| data was also recorded in digital printout form for the O1 probe. | ||||
| | Logging parameters includingthe time constant,loggingspeed and chart scale |
19
| were recorded. Both L1 and O1 paper logs were digitised by EME’s geophysical | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| contractor and converted into digital standard- format LAS files. | ||||
| | LAS file data were converted to equivalent U3O8values (eU3O8in ppm) using the | |||
| specified probe calibration factors and taking into account drill hole size, fluid | ||||
| levels and other parameters. The eU3O8data was filtered (deconvolved) to correct | ||||
| for smearing of the gamma signal at mineralised interfaces so that true grades | ||||
| and thicknesses more closely reproduce actual grade. The eU3O8grades were | ||||
| calculated by consultant geophysicist Mr Evgeny Sirotenko under the supervision | ||||
| of Dr Maxim Seredkin using the well-established methodology of Khaikovich and | ||||
| Shashkin, widely tested and upheld in the evaluation of uranium deposits in | ||||
| Kazakhstan and the former USSR. | ||||
| Verification | | The verification of significant intersections by either | | LAS files from four holes with significant uranium intersections were independently |
| of sampling | independent or alternative company personnel. | reprocessed and deconvolved by consultant geophysicist Mr David Wilson of 3D | ||
| and | | The use of twinned holes. | Exploration Pty Ltd. Comparison of eU3O8grade composites between the Wilson | |
| assaying | | Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, | and Sirotenko datasets indicates that agreement is within 4% which is deemed | |
| data verification, data storage (physical and electronic) | satisfactory. | |||
| protocols. | | No twinned holes are available from the historical dataset. | ||
| | Discuss any adjustment to assay data. | | Historical data including paper gamma logs, assay certificates and lithological logs | |
| were stored in archive boxes in EME’s library. The data is a complete record of | ||||
| CPM’s exploration works conducted from 1972 through 1976. | ||||
| | Historically, CPM undertook ‘closed can’ eU3O8and uranium assay measurements | |||
| at The Australian Mineral Development Laboratories (AMDEL), Adelaide, on 103 core | ||||
| samples in order to evaluate possible uranium series disequilibrium and determine a | ||||
| REF value applicable to the deposit. A scattered distribution with an average | ||||
| U3O8/eU3O8value of 1.12 +/- 0.36 (1) was obtained, however, AMDEL commented | ||||
| that “primary ore grade mineralisation was in equilibrium”. As an additional check, a | ||||
| comparison was made between available chemical assay and gamma log eU3O8data | ||||
| from 58 separate intervals (this report). Excluding outliers a U3O8/eU3O8value of 0.98 | ||||
| was obtained and with outliers a value of 0.89 was obtained. Because these various | ||||
| measurements provide no corroborating evidence for a systematic deviation from 1 | ||||
| within statistical error, the REF for resource estimation purposes at Walbiri at this | ||||
| stage is best assigned a value of 1. This is consistent with the REF used for the | ||||
| nearby Bigrlyi deposit. However, further detailed investigations and verification of | ||||
| historical data may in the future lead to refinement of the REF applied at Walbiri. | ||||
| | No adjustments were made to eU3O8assay data other than the standard | |||
| reprocessing (deconvolution) discussed above. | ||||
| Location of | | Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill | | Hole collar locations were determined using three independent datasets. The |
| data points | holes (collar and down-hole surveys), trenches, mine | primary dataset comprised CPM’s original exploration drill hole plans, which were | ||
| workings and other locations used in Mineral Resource | scanned at high resolution and carefully georeferenced to allow extraction of hole | |||
| estimation. | coordinates. The drill collars locations were compared with drill sites identifiable |
20
| | Specification of the grid system used. | from high resolution digital aerial photographic images and with the same drill | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| | Quality and adequacy of topographic control. | sites converted from CPM’s original local coordinate grid. Agreement between the | ||
| three data-sets was found to be excellent and the accuracy of the collar | ||||
| coordinates is judged to be better than +/-10 m in the horizontal plane. | ||||
| | The coordinates are located on the MGA94 grid, Zone 52 using the GDA94 datum | |||
| (refer Annexure 2). | ||||
| | In the vertical plane topographic control was provided by a Digital Elevation Model | |||
| (DEM) generated from a high resolution aerial photographic survey flown in 2011. | ||||
| Accuracy is judged to be at least +/- 0.5 m in the vertical plane. | ||||
| | All CPM holes were drilled vertically and as no surveys were undertaken, were | |||
| assumed to have remained vertical to the end of hole. A number of Alcoa drill | ||||
| holes were angle holes; as no downhole surveys were undertaken the starting dip | ||||
| and azimuth were assumed until end of hole. | ||||
| Data | | Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results. | | The Walbiri deposit was drilled on NE-SW panels spaced at 100 - 150 m. Within |
| spacing and | | Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient | strongly mineralised zones infill drilling was conducted on 50 m spaced panels | |
| distribution | to establish the degree of geological and grade | with 100 – 200 m step-outs (depending on topography and access) to test down | ||
| continuity appropriate for the Mineral Resource and | dip continuity. Away from the main zone limited down-dip drilling has been | |||
| Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and | completed and the spacing between holes is 450 - 500 m. | |||
| classifications applied. | | EME and CSA Global consider the spacing sufficient to establish continuity of | ||
| | Whether sample compositing has been applied. | geology and grade for the purposes of estimation of an inferred mineral resource. | ||
| | Downhole gamma logs were digitised at 10 cm intervals and were composited | |||
| (refer EME database) for resource reporting purposes. | ||||
| Orientation | | Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased | | Several investigations have shown that Bigrlyi-style (tabular stratiform sandstone- |
| of data in | sampling of possible structures and the extent to which | hosted) uranium mineralisation as found at Walbiri exhibit no significant structural | ||
| relation to | this is known, considering the deposit type. | control. Mineralisation is controlled by physical and chemical characteristics of the | ||
| geological | | If the relationship between the drilling orientation and | host rock such as permeability and redox state and is influenced by primary | |
| structure | the orientation of key mineralised structures is | depositional and sedimentological features. | ||
| considered to have introduced a sampling bias, this | | The deposit occurs in shallowly dipping beds and was sampled by vertical drill | ||
| should be assessed and reported if material. | holes. The downhole gamma probe data was subsequently corrected for | |||
| mineralised zone boundary effects by deconvolution. There is therefore no bias of | ||||
| sampling related to orientation of the mineralised zones. | ||||
| Sample | | The measures taken to ensure sample security. | | Not applicable. |
| security | ||||
| Audits or | | The results of any audits or reviews of sampling | | No audits or reviews of sampling techniques were undertaken. |
| reviews | techniques and data. |
21
Section 2: Reporting of Exploration Results
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mineral | | Type, reference name/number, location and ownership | | Approx. 54% of the Walbiri deposit and most of the Sundberg and Hill One |
| tenement and | including agreements or material issues with third | satellite deposits are located within granted tenement EL24463, which is 100% | ||
| land tenure | parties such as joint ventures, partnerships, overriding | EME owned. | ||
| status | royalties, native title interests, historical sites, | | Granted joint venture tenement ELR45 covers 46% of the Walbiri resource which | |
| wilderness or national park and environmental settings. | is a joint venture between EME (41.9%) and Paladin Energy Ltd (PDN: 58.1%). | |||
| | The security of the tenure held at the time of reporting | EME is the operator of the joint venture. | ||
| along with any known impediments to obtaining a | | Granted joint venture tenement EL30145 covers 28% of the Sundberg resource | ||
| licence to operate in the area. | which is a joint venture between EME (53.3%), Paladin Energy Ltd (PDN: 41.7%) | |||
| and Southern Cross Exploration (SXX: 5%). EME is the operator of the joint | ||||
| venture. | ||||
| | A Native Title Claim covering the Mt Doreen pastoral lease on which the Walbiri | |||
| and satellite deposits are located, was granted by consent on 2-July-2013. The | ||||
| Ngalyia Aboriginal Corporation is the relevant Registered Native Title Body | ||||
| Corporate and holds the native title interests of the traditional owners. | ||||
| | Currently, resource areas of the Walbiri, Sundberg and Hill One deposits are | |||
| affected by Aboriginal heritage zones which restrict access and limit ground | ||||
| disturbing activities within the area. | ||||
| Exploration | | Acknowledgment and appraisal of exploration by other | | All the exploration data reported here is the result of drilling programs undertaken |
| done by other | parties. | by CPM over the period 1972 to 1976 and Alcoa over the period 1978 to 1980. | ||
| parties | EME acquired CPM’s interest in the project in 2005 including all historical data | |||
| and archived drill core. | ||||
| Geology | | Deposit type, geological setting and style of | | Walbiri and its satellite deposits are Bigrlyi–style, tabular, stratiform, sandstone- |
| mineralisation. | hosted uranium deposits of Carboniferous age located on the northern margin of | |||
| the Ngalia Basin in the Northern Territory. | ||||
| Drill hole | | A summary of all information material to the | | Refer to Annexure 1. |
| Information | understanding of the exploration results including a | |||
| tabulation of the following information for all Material | ||||
| drill holes: | ||||
| o easting and northing of the drill hole collar |
||||
| o elevation or RL (Reduced Level – elevation above |
||||
| sea level in metres) of the drill hole collar | ||||
| o dip and azimuth of the hole |
||||
| o down hole length and interception depth |
||||
| o hole length. |
||||
| | If the exclusion of this information isjustified on the |
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| basis that the information is not Material and this | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| exclusion does not detract from the understanding of | ||||
| the report, the Competent Person should clearly | ||||
| explain why this is the case. | ||||
| Data | | In reporting Exploration Results, weighting averaging | | Exploration results, i.e. mineralised intercepts, are reported as equivalent U3O8 |
| aggregation | techniques, maximum and/or minimum grade | values (eU3O8) from processed gamma logs. For reporting purposes (see | ||
| methods | truncations (eg cutting of high grades) and cut-off | Annexure 2) significant gamma log intersections have been composited from | ||
| grades are usually Material and should be stated. | 10 cm deconvolved eU3O8values using the following criteria: a cut-off grade of | |||
| | Where aggregate intercepts incorporate short lengths | 100 ppm U3O8, a minimum thickness of 0.3 m, a maximum internal dilution of | ||
| of high grade results and longer lengths of low grade | 0.3 m, no external dilution and a grade x thickness value of >100. A Radioactive | |||
| results, the procedure used for such aggregation | Equilibrium Factor (REF) value of 1 was applied, i.e. U3O8/ eU3O8= 1. | |||
| should be stated and some typical examples of such | ||||
| aggregations should be shown in detail. | ||||
| | The assumptions used for any reporting of metal | |||
| equivalent values should be clearly stated. | ||||
| Relationship | | These relationships are particularly important in the | | Based on geological mapping work by CPM geologists and structural |
| between | reporting of Exploration Results. | measurements of drill core, sandstone beds hosting mineralisation are shallowly | ||
| mineralisation | | If the geometry of the mineralisation with respect to the | dipping (broadly between 10 and 20 degrees). All CPM holes have been drilled | |
| widths and | drill hole angle is known, its nature should be reported. | vertically and true widths of intersections are approximately 95% of the reported | ||
| intercept | | If it is not known and only the down hole lengths are | downhole widths. | |
| lengths | reported, there should be a clear statement to this | |||
| effect(eg ‘down hole length, true width not known’). | ||||
| Diagrams | | Appropriate maps and sections (with scales) and | | Refer to figures in the body of the text. |
| tabulations of intercepts should be included for any | ||||
| significant discovery being reported These should | ||||
| include, but not be limited to a plan view of drill hole | ||||
| collar locations and appropriate sectional views. | ||||
| Balanced | | Where comprehensive reporting of all Exploration | | All significant results have been reported (see Annexure 2). Historical results have |
| reporting | Results is not practicable, representative reporting of | previously been reported and are available as open file reports from the NTGS. | ||
| both low and high grades and/or widths should be | ||||
| practiced to avoid misleading reporting of Exploration | ||||
| Results. | ||||
| Other | | Other exploration data, if meaningful and material, | | Preliminary metallurgical test work involving acid and alkaline leach tests on |
| substantive | should be reported including (but not limited to): | composite mineralised samples were undertaken by AMDEL in March 1976. | ||
| exploration | geological observations; geophysical survey results; | AMDEL reported high levels of extraction with a best result of 99% using a pH 1.5 | ||
| data | geochemical survey results; bulk samples – size and | leachate over 24 hours; acid consumption was low (3 to 5 kg/tonne). | ||
| method of treatment; metallurgical test results; bulk | | Petrographic studies were undertaken by AMDEL in 1973-1976 who reported | ||
| density, groundwater, geotechnical and rock | uraninite and coffinite as the dominant uranium minerals in association with pyrite | |||
| characteristics; potential deleterious or contaminating | and ferroselite. More recently (2014) petrographic work conducted by the CSIRO | |||
| substances. | has shown a close association between uranium and detrital-originphyllosilicate |
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| minerals including biotite, clays and chromium-bearing chlorite; Walbiri and | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| satellite deposits are characterised by low levels of carbonate cement. | ||||
| Further work | | The nature and scale of planned further work (eg tests | | Future exploration activities are planned to test extensions and stratigraphic |
| for lateral extensions or depth extensions or large- | repeats of Walbiri mineralisation in folded strata of the Mt Eclipse syncline and | |||
| scale step-out drilling). | anticline to the south of the currently known extent of the Walbiri resource. | |||
| | Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas of possible | | Additional work is planned to rigorously assess the nature and extent of possible | |
| extensions, including the main geological | uranium series disequilibrium within various mineralised domains to provide a | |||
| interpretations and future drilling areas, provided this | better estimate of the Radioactive Equilibrium Factor (REF). | |||
| information is not commercially sensitive. |
Section 3: Estimation and Reporting of Mineral Resources
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Database | | Measures taken to ensure that data has not been | | Data used in the Mineral Resource estimate was sourced from the original |
| integrity | corrupted by, for example, transcription or keying errors, | hardcopy. Hardcopy data was converted to digital format and collated, tabulated | ||
| between its initial collection and its use for Mineral | and verified before being validated upon importation into EME’s Geobank | |||
| Resource estimation purposes. | database. CSA Global were provided with a validated Micromine database by | |||
| | Data validation procedures used. | EME. Relevant tables from the database were exported to Micromine .DAT format | ||
| for import into Micromine 2014 software prior to use in the Mineral Resource | ||||
| estimation. | ||||
| | Validation of the imported data included checks for missing, duplicated and/or | |||
| incorrectly recorded collar locations, survey data, sample data, gamma log data and | ||||
| lithological log data. | ||||
| | Original historical gamma logs were reprocessed and deconvolved to yield eU3O8 | |||
| (ppm) values which correlated well with the historical information stored in EME’s | ||||
| archives. | ||||
| Site visits | | Comment on any site visits undertaken by the | | No site visits were undertaken by the Competent Person (Mineral Resource |
| Competent Person and the outcome of those visits. | Estimation) or CSA Global staff. | |||
| | If no site visits have been undertaken indicate why this is | | CSA has relied on EME for all data regarding the deposits, and given the current | |
| the case. | stage of theproject,considers this appropriate. | |||
| Geological | | Confidence in (or conversely, the uncertainty of the | | There is a reasonable level of confidence in the geological interpretation of Walbiri |
| interpretation | geological interpretation of the mineral deposit. | and the adjacent satellite deposits. The geology is traceable and reasonably | ||
| | Nature of the data used and of any assumptions made. | continuous between drill holes and sections. Geological controls such as the dip of | ||
| | The effect, if any, of alternative interpretations on | the sedimentary rocks and the definable shale marker beds have been used to | ||
| Mineral Resource estimation. | constrain the extrapolation of mineralisation within stratigraphic bounds. It is | |||
| | The use of geology in guiding and controlling Mineral | recommended in future exploration programs that several holes are ‘twinned’ to | ||
| Resource estimation. | validate the historical data and a more detailed estimation of the Radioactive | |||
| | The factors affecting continuity both ofgrade and | Equilibrium Factor (REF) be undertaken. |
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| geology. | | Geological structure and gamma logging have formed the basis for the geological | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| interpretation. The REF is assumed to be 1 based on comparison of gamma and | ||||
| assays measurements in drill holes (58 pairs) and historical closed can eU3O8and | ||||
| assay measurements (103 samples). | ||||
| | Further work may be required to better define the limits of the mineralisation, | |||
| particularly with depth, but no significant downside changes to the currently | ||||
| interpreted mineralised volume are anticipated. | ||||
| | Mineralisation is primarily concentrated within sandstones between | |||
| siltstone/claystone (‘shale’) lenses and interlayers that form lower and upper | ||||
| confining layers. | ||||
| | Grade continuity is controlled by a reduced zone within partially oxidised sandstones | |||
| and siltstones; regionally the deposits are hosted along the northern margin of the | ||||
| Ngalia Basin, which is an elongate intracratonic depression about 300 km long | ||||
| (east-west) and 40 km wide (north- south) on average. This basin is filled with late | ||||
| Proterozoic to Palaeozoic aged sedimentary rocks, predominantly continental- | ||||
| marine arkosic sandstone,and Neoproterozoicglacigene deposits andquartzite. | ||||
| Dimensions | | The extent and variability of the Mineral Resource | | Mineralisation is stratiform in nature but is variably distributed along strike and |
| expressed as length (along strike or otherwise), plan | at depth due to probable epigenetic modification of the deposit. The dimensions | |||
| width, and depth below surface to the upper and lower | of the Walbiri mineralised domain is approximately 3.6 km along-strike with an | |||
| limits of the Mineral Resource. | average plan width of 300 m and maximum modelled plan width of 1,100 m. The | |||
| total combined strike length of the Walbiri deposit and its two satellite deposits | ||||
| (Sundberg and Hill One) is 8.7 km overall. Stratigraphy and mineralisation dips | ||||
| between 10 and 18 degrees to the SW. The mineralised interval varies from 0.2 m to | ||||
| 7.5 m,averaging1.3 m. The model extends from surface to 230 m below surface. | ||||
| Estimation | | The nature and appropriateness of the estimation | | Gamma logging has been used for the definition of mineralised intervals and |
| and | technique(s) applied and key assumptions, including | interpretation (wireframing) of mineralisation. The REF is assumed to be 1. The | ||
| modelling | treatment of extreme grade values, domaining, | model consists of 35 mineralised domains defined by wireframe models. | ||
| techniques | interpolation parameters and maximum distance of | Grade estimation was carried out using the Multiple Indicator Kriging (MIK) | ||
| extrapolation from data points. If a computer assisted | method using Micromine 2014 software. Downhole and directional indicator | |||
| estimation method was chosen include a description of | semivariograms have been used for to define the distance of interpolation. No top | |||
| computer software and parameters used. | cutting of extreme grade values was undertaken. | |||
| | The availability of check estimates, previous estimates | | Several in-house, non-JORC, historical resource estimates were undertaken for | |
| and/or mine production records and whether the Mineral | the Walbiri deposit. In the latest available estimate (November 1976), Australian | |||
| Resource estimate takes appropriate account of such | Mineral Development Laboratories (AMDEL) obtained an estimate of 4,789 | |||
| data. | tonnes U3O8for an average grade of 1,140 ppm U3O8(cut-off grade not | |||
| | The assumptions made regarding recovery of by- | specified) using chemical assay data and employing geostatistical methods. No | ||
| products. | mining has taken place. | |||
| | Estimation of deleterious elements or other non-grade | | No assumptions have been made regarding recovery of by-products. | |
| variables of economic significance (eg sulphur for acid | | No other elements were estimated. | ||
| mine drainage characterisation). | | The block model was constructed using a 10 m E by 10 m N by 0.5 m RL | ||
| | In the case of block model interpolation, the block size in | parent block size,with sub-cellingto 2 m E by2 m N by0.1 m RL for domain |
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| relation to the average sample spacing and the search | volume resolution. The parent cell size was chosen on the basis of the | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| employed. | morphology of mineralised lenses and in order to avoid the generation of | |||
| | Any assumptions behind modelling of selective mining | unrealistically large blocks. The sub-celling size was chosen to maintain the | ||
| units. | resolution of the mineralised bodies. The sub-cells were optimised in the | |||
| | Any assumptions about correlation between variables. | models where possible to form larger cells. | ||
| | Description of how the geological interpretation was | | The search ellipse radii were determined from the ranges of semivariograms: | |
| used to control the resource estimates. | the main direction being along strike of mineralised bodies (range 90 m), the | |||
| | Discussion of basis for using or not using grade cutting or capping. |
second direction being down dip of mineralised bodies (range 188.7 m) and the range of the third direction was set at 2.5 m. The first radial dimensions |
||
| | The process of validation, the checking process used, the comparison of model data to drill hole data, and use of reconciliation data if available. |
were 10 x 10 x 0.3 m, the second 60 x 127 x 0.3 m, and the third 90 x 188.7 x 0.5 m. The model cells that did not receive grades from the first runs were then estimated using radii incremented by the 90 x 188.7 x 0.5 m (2.5 m). |
||
| | No selective mining units were assumed in this estimate. | |||
| | Geological boundaries were used to guide the interpretation of mineralised | |||
| lenses. Specifically, mineralisation occur within the shallow dipping 10-18° Mt | ||||
| Eclipse Sandstone. For the satellite deposits, the sections contain one drill hole | ||||
| only. Grade envelopes at 100 ppm eU3O8were defined for interpretative | ||||
| purposes. | ||||
| | A 200 ppm eU3O8cut-off grade was applied to mineralisation inside envelopes. | |||
| No top cuts have been applied at this stage. | ||||
| | Validation of the block model consisted of a comparison between the block model | |||
| volume and the wireframed volumes. Grade estimates were validated by visual | ||||
| comparison with the drill data. Grade estimation was verified by IDW2 and | ||||
| Ordinary Kriging without a top cut applied and with a top cut of 4,100 ppm U3O8 | ||||
| applied. The block model compared favourably with grade composites for a | ||||
| series of sections in different directions (north, east). | ||||
| | Noreconciliationdatais available at this early stage of the project. | |||
| Moisture | | Whether the tonnages are estimated on a dry basis or | | The tonnages are estimated on a dry basis. |
| with natural moisture, and the method of determination | ||||
| of the moisture content. | ||||
| Cut-off | | The basis of the adopted cut-off grade(s) or quality | | A cut-off grade of 100 ppm U3O8has been used for interpretation and a cut-off |
| parameters | parameters applied. | grade of 200 ppm U3O8has been used for resource reporting. Based on CSA’s | ||
| experience with this type of deposit, this is considered a reasonable cut-off grade | ||||
| which could result in eventual economic extraction. | ||||
| Mining | | Assumptions made regarding possible mining methods, | | At this stage of resource development it is assumed that mining would be by open |
| factors or | minimum mining dimensions and internal (or, if | pit and/or underground methods. Future hydrogeological investigations and | ||
| assumptions | applicable, external) mining dilution. It is always | leaching tests would be useful in determining whether solution mining may be | ||
| necessary as part of the process of determining | possible. | |||
| reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction | ||||
| to consider potential mining methods, but the | ||||
| assumptions made regarding mining methods and |
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| parameters when estimating Mineral Resources may not | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| always be rigorous. Where this is the case, this should | ||||
| be reported with an explanation of the basis of the | ||||
| mining assumptions made. | ||||
| Metallurgical | | The basis for assumptions or predictions regarding | | Metallurgical and hydrological test work is required to determine if the deposit is |
| factors or | metallurgical amenability. It is always necessary as part | amenable to solution mining and/or heap leaching. There is a requirement for a | ||
| assumptions | of the process of determining reasonable prospects for | certain level of natural permeability and for mineralisation to occur below the water | ||
| eventual economic extraction to consider potential | table if in-situ recovery is to be considered. Hydrological pumping cluster tests | |||
| metallurgical methods, but the assumptions regarding | would need to be undertaken if the deposit is found to be amenable to in-situ | |||
| metallurgical treatment processes and parameters made | extraction processes. | |||
| when reporting Mineral Resources may not always be | ||||
| rigorous. Where this is the case, this should be reported | ||||
| with an explanation of the basis of the metallurgical | ||||
| assumptions made. | ||||
| Environmen- | | Assumptions made regarding possible waste and | | No detailed assumptions regarding possible waste and process residue options |
| tal factors or | process residue disposal options. It is always necessary | have been made at this early stage. | ||
| assumptions | as part of the process of determining reasonable | |||
| prospects for eventual economic extraction to consider | ||||
| the potential environmental impacts of the mining and | ||||
| processing operation. While at this stage the | ||||
| determination of potential environmental impacts, | ||||
| particularly for a greenfields project, may not always be | ||||
| well advanced, the status of early consideration of these | ||||
| potential environmental impacts should be reported. | ||||
| Where these aspects have not been considered this | ||||
| should be reported with an explanation of the | ||||
| environmental assumptions made. | ||||
| Bulk density | | Whether assumed or determined. If assumed, the basis | | Bulk density testing was carried out on both mineralised and un-mineralised drill |
| for the assumptions. If determined, the method used, | core. EME supplied CSA Global with a table comprising 144 bulk density | |||
| whether wet or dry, the frequency of the measurements, | determinations from 11 drill holes. The rock types found at Walbiri include arkose, | |||
| the nature, size and representativeness of the samples. | sub-arkosic sandstone and shale. | |||
| | The bulk density for bulk material must have been | | Density estimates were obtained using the Archimedes method on the selected | |
| measured by methods that adequately account for void | core samples. The balance was calibrated using two standard weights. Hairspray | |||
| spaces (vugs, porosity, etc), moisture and differences | was used to seal the exterior to account for natural porosity (voids) when | |||
| between rock and alteration zones within the deposit. | necessary. Test work to date has shown that there are no significant density | |||
| | Discuss assumptions for bulk density estimates used in | differences due to sample porosity or alteration type. | ||
| the evaluation process of the different materials. | | An average bulk density of 2.56 t/m3 has been applied to all material in the | ||
| models. | ||||
| Classification | | The basis for the classification of the Mineral Resources | | CSA Global has considered several factors in the classification of the Mineral |
| into varying confidence categories. | Resources such as search ellipse dimensions, geological data and exploration | |||
| | Whether appropriate account has been taken of all | drill holegrids. The Walbiri deposit has been classified as Inferred due to: the |
27
| relevant factors (i.e. relative confidence in | limited data available for REF definition, the need to verify historical gamma | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| tonnage/grade estimations, reliability of input data, | logging by drilling twin holes, and the fact that some exploration sections are | |||
| confidence in continuity of geology and metal values, | based on single drill holes (Sundberg and Hill One deposits). | |||
| quality, quantity and distribution of the data). | | The Inferred classification has taken into account all available geological and | ||
| | Whether the result appropriately reflects the Competent | sampling information, and the classification level is considered appropriate. | ||
| Person’s view of the deposit. | | The Mineral Resource estimate appropriately reflects the views of the Competent | ||
| Persons. | ||||
| Audits or | | The results of any audits or reviews of Mineral Resource | | No audits of the Mineral Resource estimate has been undertaken at this time. |
| reviews | estimates. | |||
| Discussion | | Where appropriate a statement of the relative accuracy | | The relative accuracy of the Mineral Resource estimate is reflected in the |
| of relative | and confidence level in the Mineral Resource estimate | reporting of the Mineral Resource as Inferred as per the guidelines contained in | ||
| accuracy/ | using an approach or procedure deemed appropriate by | the 2012 JORC Code. | ||
| confidence | the Competent Person. For example, the application of | | The resource statement refers to global estimation of tonnes and grade. | |
| statistical or geostatistical procedures to quantify the | | No production data is available for comparison. | ||
| relative accuracy of the resource within stated | ||||
| confidence limits, or, if such an approach is not deemed | ||||
| appropriate, a qualitative discussion of the factors that | ||||
| could affect the relative accuracy and confidence of the | ||||
| estimate. | ||||
| | The statement should specify whether it relates to global | |||
| or local estimates, and, if local, state the relevant | ||||
| tonnages, which should be relevant to technical and | ||||
| economic evaluation. Documentation should include | ||||
| assumptions made and the procedures used. | ||||
| | These statements of relative accuracy and confidence of | |||
| the estimate should be compared with production data, | ||||
| where available. |
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