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ELEMENT 25 LIMITED Regulatory Filings 2017

Oct 16, 2017

64810_rns_2017-10-16_d8e3072d-92b2-46c3-a04a-d8f07dbd3df7.pdf

Regulatory Filings

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ABOUT MONTEZUMA MINING

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Listed in 2006, Montezuma Mining Company Ltd (ASX: MZM) is a diversified explorer primarily focused on manganese, cobalt and gold. The Company’s primary objective is to achieve returns for shareholders through selected strategic acquisitions and targeted exploration.

1 7 OCTOBER 2017

BUTCHERBIRD MANGANESE PROJECT UPGRADED MINERAL RESOURCE ESTIMATE

HIGHLIGHTS

  • Ø Butcherbird Manganese Project global resource upgraded to JORC 2012 from JORC 2004.

Montezuma has 100% interests in the Butcherbird Manganese Project which hosts Australia’s largest onshore manganese deposit, in addition to the Pinnacles Cobalt Project and the Holleton Gold Project, all located in Western Australia.

MARKET DATA

  • Ø Global resource including all deposits drilled to date now stands at 180 million tonnes at 10.8% Mn.

  • Ø Includes a Maiden Indicated Resource at Yanneri Ridge of 22.4 million tonnes at 12.0% Mn .

  • Ø Indicated Resources at Yanneri Ridge to be the focus of initial scoping studies on completion of metallurgical flowsheet design programme being conducted by CSIRO.

  • Ø Represents an 2.7% increase in total contained manganese as against the previous estimate[1] .

ASX code: MZM Share price: $0.195 Shares on issue: 83.5M Market capitalisation: $16.3M Cash (at 30 June): ~$4.2M Listed Investments (at 30 June): ~$7.1M

BOARD AND MANAGEMENT

Chairman Seamus Cornelius Executive Director Justin Brown Non-Executive Director John Ribbons Exploration Manager Dave O’Neill

Montezuma Mining Company Ltd (“Montezuma” or “Company”) is pleased to provide further information regarding its completed Mineral Resource Estimate upgradefor the manganese mineralisation at the Company’s 100% owned Butcherbird Project as announced on 12 October 2017 .

Importantly the conversion of Inferred Resources to the Indicated classification over more densely drilled portions of the Yanneri Ridge deposit will form the basis for commercial studies to commence on completion of the hydrometallurgical flowsheet design work that is currently being undertaken by the CSIRO.

Executive Director Justin Brown commented;

Upgrading the Butcherbird manganese resource to JORC 2012 and the conversion of parts of Yanneri Ridge from Inferred to Indicated categories adds to our confidence that this is a technically robust mineral desposit with simple geology, low strip ratios and significant potential to underpin the Company’s transition from explorer to developer in the medium term .”

Company information, ASX announcements, investor presentations, corporate videos and other investor material on the Company’s projects can be viewed at www.montezuma.com.au

1 See Company ASX Release dated 7 December 2011.

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Figure 1: Butcherbird Manganese Project location

REGIONAL GEOLOGY

The Butcherbird Manganese Project is located approximately 120km south of Newman, 40km north of Kumarina Roadhouse, and accessed via the Great Northern Highway. The project is situated on exploration lease E52/2350, and on portions of Bulloo Down and Kumarina Pastoral Leases.

Manganese mineralisation is hosted within the supergene weathered portions of the Ilgarari Formation, which consist of grey/whitish shales (red/brownish weathered), manganiferous shales, mudrocks and minor siltstone layers and dolerite sills. Its stratigraphic thickness is considered to be in excess of 650 metres. The Ilgarari Formation is part of the Collier Subgroup which was deposited on a platform domain in the eastern part of the Bangemall Basin (Bullen Platform).

Prospect Tonnes
(Mt)
Mn
(%)

SiO2
(%)
Fe (%) P2O5
(%)
Al2O3
(%)
Yanneri Ridge
Inferred 48.0 10.7 43.0 11.1 0.262 10.7
Indicated 22.5 12.0 43.8 11.6 0.297 10.6
Richies Find 22.7 10.9 44.8 11.6 0.24 11.2
Coodamudgi 16.5 11.0 42.9 12.5 0.28 11.0
Mundawindi 16.3 11.9 40.3 11.7 0.30 9.9
Ilgarrarie Ridge 35.6 9.94 46.0 12.5 0.31 11.1
Bindi Bindi Hill 14.4 10.4 45.5 10.1 0.22 11.9
Bugdie Hill 4.50 9.34 45.4 13.2 0.35 11.2
Cadgies Flat 0.291 10.0 46.2 11.1 0.29 12.3
Total 180.8 10.8 43.9 11.7 0.3 10.9

Table 1. Butcherbird Manganese project Mineral Resource Classification

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Figure 2: Butcherbird Manganese Project Resource outlines and location

RESOURCE ESTIMATION

The existing Snowden December 2011 JORC 2004 Butcherbird Manganese Deposit Resource was reviewed and re-reported updating the existing resource to JORC 2012 as the resource confidence category. The 2011 Resource reported a total inferred resource of 70.2 Mt @ 11.4 % Mn at a cut off of 10% Mn and 110.3 Mt @ 10.6 % Mn at a cut off of 8 % Mn.

Drill samples used in the resource are from Reverse Circulation (RC) Drilling with Drill-Rig mounted riffle splitters and collected at one-meter intervals. All drilling is vertical with the average depth of 30m. The manganese ore zones are close to flat lying and therefore drillhole intersections approximate true width. All drilling is dry and above the water table. Diamond holes are drilled primarily for metallurgy and have been used to aid interpretation.

All data is captured electronically and has to pass extensive quality assurance and quality control (QAQC) procedures to be used. QAQC processes include validation of hole coordinates, field standards, lab standards, field duplicates. This estimation incorporates all of the validated RC holes drilled at Butcherbird Manganese Deposit by Montezuma from 2010 to 2011. All data is stored in the company’s GBIS database, now GEOBANK.

Density has been calculated from down hole gamma gamma geophysical density. Average densities have been applied globally to the model. No account has been made for moisture and reported tonnes are wet tonnes.

The main mineralised units, cut to the regolith boundaries the base of hard capping and the base of oxidisation, were modelled in 3D by Montezuma. These were passed on to Snowden and validated for the resources.

KNA, variography and detailed statistics was performed on the mineralised domains. This KNA and variography was used to determine the block size and estimation parameters for grade modelling.

Block models were constructed for use in grade estimation with block dimensions based on the KNA. Blocks ranged from 10 to 100 metres in x and y, and 2 to 4 metres in z, with sub blocking down to 12.5m by 12.5m by 0.625m x y z.

The deposit was estimated using ordinary kriging (“OK”) grade interpolation of 1m composited data within domained boundaries. Grades were estimated for Mn, Fe, SiO2, Al2O3 and P2O5.

Interpolation parameters were based on the geometry of geology and geostatistical parameters determined by variography and KNA.

A detailed validation of the block models was completed, which included both visual and statistical reviews. The models are considered to be globally robust.

The resource has been categorised Inferred in accordance with JORC requirements (2012). The resource has been classified as inferred and has been drilled at nominal spacing of 400 x 100 metres, with some areas drilled down to 20 x 40m, and up to 800 x 100m. Good geological and statistical continuity is seen at all drill spacing’s.

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Figure 3: Butcherbird Manganese Project drill collar and Mn orebody outlines overlaying local geology

YANNERI RIDGE RESOURCE ESTIMATION

A new resource estimation has been produced for the Yanneri Ridge Manganese Deposit. This estimation was completed with the intention of updating the existing resource to JORC 2012 as the resource confidence category.

This resource is an update from the 2011 Yanneri Ridge Resource, classified as inferred. The 2011 Resource reported a total resource of 48.8 Mt @ 11.8 % Mn at a cut off of 10% Mn and 64.7 Mt @ 11.2 % Mn at a cut off of 8 % Mn.

Drill samples used in the resource are from Reverse Circulation (RC) Drilling with Drill-Rig mounted riffle splitters and collected at one-meter intervals. All drilling is vertical with the average depth of 30m. The manganese ore zones are close to flat lying and therefore drillhole intersections approximate true width. All drilling is dry and above the water table. Additional Diamond holes are drilled primarily for metallurgy and have been used to aid interpretation.

All data is captured electronically and has to pass extensive quality assurance and quality control (QAQC) procedures to be used. QAQC processes include validation of hole coordinates, field standards, lab standards, field duplicates. This estimation incorporates all of the validated RC holes drilled in the Yanneri Ridge by Montezuma from 2010 to 2011. All data is stored in the company’s GBIS database.

Density has been calculated from down hole gamma gamma geophysical density. Average densities by geological unit and mineralisation have been applied globally to the model. No account has been made for moisture and reported tonnes are wet tonnes.

The main mineralised shale unit along with regolith boundaries for the base of hard capping and the base of oxidisation were modelled in 3D using Micromine.

Variography and detailed statistics were performed on the modelled domains. This variography was used to determine the estimation parameters for the grade modelling.

A block model was constructed for use in grade estimation with block dimensions of 50m NS by 50m EW and 2.5m in the vertically with sub blocking 12.5m by 12.5m by 0.625m. The deposit was estimated using ordinary kriging (“OK”) grade interpolation of 1m composited data within domained hard boundaries. Grades were estimated are Mn, Fe, SiO2, Al2O3, P2O5, MgO, CaO, TiO2, Na2O, CaO, S, K2O, LOI total, Cr2O3, Ba, Cu, Pb and Zn.

Interpolation parameters were based on the geometry of geology and geostatistical parameters determined by variography.

A detailed validation of the block model was completed, which included both visual and statistical reviews. The model is considered to be globally robust.

The resource has been categorised as Indicated, and Inferred in accordance with JORC requirements (2012). The portion of the resource drilled at a spacing of 100 x 100 or better displayed good continuity of mineralisation and was classified as indicated. The remaining areas have been classified as inferred and have been drilled at 200 x 100 and at 400 x 100m, showing good geological and statistical continuity.

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Figure 4: N-S Section through the Yanneri Ridge resource area (773,500E) showing Manganese Resoruce Blocks (Note – vertical exaggeration 5:1)

FOR MORE INFORMATION…

Justin Brown

Executive Director

Phone: +61 8 6315 1400

Email: [email protected] Company information, ASX announcements, investor presentations, corporate videos and other investor material on the Company’s projects can be viewed at: http://www.montezuma.com.au.

The information in this report that relates to Exploration Results and Exploration Targets is based on information compiled by Mr David O’Neill who is a member of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. At the time that the Exploration Results and Exploration Targets were compiled, Mr O’Neill was an employee of Montezuma Mining Company Ltd. Mr O’Neill is a geologist and has sufficient experience which is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity which he is undertaking to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 edition of the ‘Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves’. Mr O’Neill consents to the inclusion of this information in the form and context in which it appears in this report.

The information in this report that relates to Mineral Resources is based on information compiled by Mr Mark Glassock who is a member of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. At the time that the Mineral Resources were compiled, Mr Glassock was a consultant to Montezuma Mining Company Ltd. Mr Glassock is a geologist and has sufficient experience which is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity which he is undertaking to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 edition of the ‘Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves’. Mr Glassock consents to the inclusion of this information in the form and context in which it appears in this report

Please note with regard to exploration targets, the potential quantity and grade is conceptual in nature, that there has been insufficient exploration to define a Mineral Resource and that it is uncertain if further exploration will result in the determination of a Mineral Resource.

JORC Code, 2012 Edition – Table 1 report (Yanneri Ridge)

SECTION 1 SAMPLING TECHNIQUES AND DATA

(Criteria in this section apply to all succeeding sections.)

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary Commentary
Sampling Nature and quality of sampling (eg cut channels, random chips, or Sampling intervals for all RC holes were 1m from the rig mounted splitter.
techniques specific specialised industry standard measurement tools The samples were split into approximately 2-3kgs into pre-numbered
appropriate to the minerals under investigation, such as down hole calico bags. The splitter was inspected at the end of each drill rod, and
gamma sondes, or handheld XRF instruments, etc). These examples cleaned with compressed air as routine.
_should not be taken as limiting the broad meaning of sampling. _
Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample representivity Certified Reference Material (CRM) was inserted into the samples on the
and the appropriate calibration of any measurement tools or basis of 1/40. Analysis was by standard XRF technique at Nagrom and
systems used. SGS Laboratories in Perth Australia.
Standard QA/QC analysis was carried out on the assay data to confirm
the validity of both the sampling method and laboratory analysis. In
addition, Nagrom and SGS laboratories have internal QA processes which
includes both duplicates and standards in the analysis.
An examination of the QAQC sample data indicates satisfactory
performance of the duplicate samples and the laboratory has acceptable
precision with no bias.
Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are Material to Samples were dried crushed and pulverised at the Company’s sample
the Public Report. preparation laboratory to get 90% of the sample <160µm to provide a
150g gram sample which was then assayed via industry standard XRF at
Nagrom and SGS Perth.
In cases where ‘industry standard’ work has been done this would Additional size fraction analysis was carried out on the trench colluvium
be relatively simple (eg ‘reverse circulation drilling was used to samples to assist with the determination of clay fractions and to assist
obtain 1 m samples from which 3 kg was pulverised to produce a 30 with defining metallurgical characteristics.
g charge for fire assay’). In other cases more explanation may be
required, such as where there is coarse gold that has inherent
sampling problems. .

9

Criteria JORC Code explanation JORC Code explanation Commentary Commentary
Drilling Drill type (eg core, reverse circulation, open-hole hammer, rotary air Drilling was carried out predominantly with RC with a small volume of
techniques blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and details (eg core diameter, triple Diamond Drilling. The RC holes were completed using a 140mm diameter
or standard tube, depth of diamond tails, face-sampling bit or other face sampling hammer (10 metallurgical holes were drilled using PQ3
type, whether core is oriented and if so, by what method, etc). rods).
Drill sample Method of recording and assessing core and chip sample recoveries RC recoveries were estimated and reported by the supervising geologist.
recovery and results assessed. Measures were taken to maximise sample recovery and ensure
representative nature of the samples. Nominal 2-3kg calico bag sample
weight was desired feed from rig mounted cyclone and riffle splitter.
Riffles were inspected at the end of each rod, and routinely cleaned with
compressed air from rig.
Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and ensure RC drilling was the preferred drill technique in order to maximise sample
representative nature of the samples. recoveries. Care was taken in keeping sample dry.
Ø
Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery and grade Twin RC/Diamond drill hole data has shown that some bias in grade may
and whether sample bias may have occurred due to preferential exist where sample recoveries are less than 50%, this generally only
loss/gain of fine/coarse material. occurs within the top 10m of the ore-body. Recoveries of diamond core
near surface were poor in places and to minimize this effect, trenching
was conducted where 100% of the sample could be collected.
Logging Whether core and chip samples have been geologically and All diamond drill core and RC chips have been geologically logged by
geotechnically logged to a level of detail to support appropriate suitably qualified geological staff. Lithologies, colour, texture, alteration,
Mineral Resource estimation, mining studies and metallurgical texture, RQD, structural density and magnetic susceptibility were
studies. recorded to add to the MRE interpretation and metallurgy.
Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. Core (or Logging is qualitative in nature, with the exception of density and
costean, channel, etc) photography. magnetic susceptibility.
The total length and percentage of the relevant intersections Every RC Sample has been geologically logged on nominal 1m intervals.
logged.
Sub-sampling If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or all core Where PQ3Diamond Drilling has been used, 100% of the core was used
techniques taken. for assaying and metallurgical purposes.

10

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary Commentary
and sample
preparation
If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc and The majority of RC samples were sampled dry via a riffle splitter.
whether sampled wet or dry. All Diamond Core samples were dried prior to sampling.
For all sample types, the nature, quality and appropriateness of the Sample preparation for all samples was carried out by Nagrom and SGS
sample preparation technique. Laboratories (accredited).
XRF sample material is dried in an oven at 105 degrees Celsius. A sample
disk is produced using 0.8000 grams of dried sample with 8.000 grams of
12:22 lithium tetra borate and metaborate flux containing 5% lithium
nitrate. The flux and sample are mixed and heated to 1000 degrees
Celsius in a platinum crucible for 15 minutes. The resulting borate-glass
melt is poured into a platinum mold to form a fusion disk. The disk is then
analysed by a Panaytical Axios XRF to determine element concentrations
in the sample.
Loss on Ignition (LOI) analysis utilized a dried sample is heated to 1000
degrees Celsius for four hours. The mass loss due to heating is
determined using an electronic balance capable of weighing to +/- 0.0001
grams.
Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling stages to Sizing analysis of the laboratories crushing and pulverizing is monitored
maximise representivity of samples. daily, no issues on the particle sizing has been discovered.
Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is representative of the All RC duplicate samples were re-split for the bulk residue sample.
in situ material collected, including for instance results for field Analysis of the QA/QC data has shown the primary versus duplicate
duplicate/second-half sampling. samples have excellent correlation and no sampling bias has been
detected.
Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of the Samples were collected on nominal 1m intervals within the entire drill
material being sampled. hole.
RC samples were split with a final sample size of 2-3kg. These are
industry standard and are appropriate for this type of mineralisation.
Quality of The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying and All samples were analyzed at Nagrom and SGS Laboratories in Perth,
assay data laboratory procedures used and whether the technique is Australia using XRF analysis which is an industry standard analysis of
and considered partial or total. manganese ore.

11

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary Commentary
laboratory Elements assayed using XRF include Mn, Fe, Al2O3, CaO, Cr2O3, P2O5,
tests SiO2, Ba, K2O, MgO, Na2O, S, TiO2LOI, Cu, Pb, Zn.
For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF instruments, Specific Gravity (SG) data was captured using gamma gamma logging at
etc, the parameters used in determining the analysis including 2cm intervals.
instrument make and model, reading times, calibrations factors
applied and their derivation, etc.
Nature of quality control procedures adopted (eg standards, blanks, Quality Assurance was conducted with 1 duplicate sample being
duplicates, external laboratory checks) and whether acceptable collected every 40 samples. The duplicate samples and standard
levels of accuracy (ie lack of bias) and precision have been references material were analysed at Nagron and SGS Laboratories using
established. identical methods.
All duplicate samples returned acceptable analysis with samples
achieving acceptable correlation with no sample bias. The majority of
Standard references (CRM) results returned analysis within 3 standard
deviations of the expected grade.
Sample analysis is routinely checked via pulp round robin tests with
other certified laboratories. No bias or analytical issues have been
detected to date.
Verification of The verification of significant intersections by either independent or All data has been checked for accuracy by senior MZM and Contractor
sampling and alternative company personnel geological staff.
assaying
The use of twinned holes. Twinned Diamond/RC holes have shown no significant bias between the
drill techniques where sample recovery is greater than 50%.
Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, data All data is logged digital into Excel data entry templates. The data entry
verification, data storage (physical and electronic) protocols. templates are checked by the Data Manager and input into the
companies GBIS sequel geological database. Data is input into temporary
database tables where it passes through verification testing, once
verified it is input into the database. All assay data is supplied in csv
format from the laboratory and input directly into the data base assay
tables. A QA/QC package is linked to the database which checks both
duplicate and standard assay results to track sampling and analysis
accuracy.

12

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
Discuss any adjustment to assay data. • No adjustments have been made to assay data returned from the
laboratory.
Location of Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes (collar and • All drill holes have been surveyed by Down Under Surveys using an
data points down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings and other locations Ashtec DGPS +/- 39cm.
used in Mineral Resource estimation.
Specification of the grid system used. • The license is located entirely within Universal Transverse Mercator Zone
50 South with all co-ordinates recorded using the World Geodetic
System 94 datum and UTM Zone 50 projection.
Quality and adequacy of topographic control. • The topographic data was captured via an AS350BA Squirrel Helicopter
using Opti-Logic RS800 Laser Altimeter and Novatel Superstar II GPS
systems.
Data spacing Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results. • Drilling is nominally on 200m by 100m spacing with variation dependent
and upon orientation of the ore-body. The drill spacing is within acceptable
distribution industry standards for this style of ore body.
• The indicated portion of the resource has been drilled at 100 x 100
metres or better.
Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient to establish • The drill spacing is sufficient to establish the degree of geological and
the degree of geological and grade continuity appropriate for the grade continuity appropriate for the Mineral Resource.
Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and
classifications applied.
Whether sample compositing has been applied. • No sample compositing has been applied for the purposes of the MRE.
Orientation of Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased sampling of • 234 RC and 10 diamond drill holes were used in the resource estimate for
data in possible structures and the extent to which this is known, a total of 6800.4 metres of drilling. All holes were drilled vertically. The
relation to considering the deposit type. averge hole depth is 30 m. The manganese ore zones are close to flat
geological
structure
lying and therefore drillhole intersections approximate true width.
• The geology and mimeralision is flat lysing dipping between 5 and 7
degress to the north, north east.
• The orientation of the drilling is close to a perpendicular orientation to
the geology and minerlaistion and is considered unbiased.

13

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary Commentary
If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the No orientation based sampling bias has been identified in the data to
orientation of key mineralised structures is considered to have date.
introduced a sampling bias, this should be assessed and reported if
material.
Sample The measures taken to ensure sample security. All sample data was recorded digitally. Samples were packed in
security numbered polyweaves and send via a courier company to laboratory in
Perth with connote.
Audits or The results of any audits or reviews of sampling techniques and Snowden visited the site for the 2011 resources and found all aspects of
reviews data. exportation to be satisfactory.

SECTION 2 REPORTING OF EXPLORATION RESULTS

(Criteria listed in the preceding section also apply to this section.)

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
Mineral Type, reference name/number, location and ownership including • The Butcherbird Project consists of a single granted exploration license –
tenement and agreements or material issues with third parties such as joint E52/2350.
land tenure
status
ventures, partnerships, overriding royalties, native title interests,
historical sites, wilderness or national park and environmental
• The tenure is 100% owned by Montezuma Mining Corporation Ltd.
settings
The security of the tenure held at the time of reporting along with • The permit is considered secure.
any known impediments to obtaining a licence to operate in the
area.
Exploration Acknowledgment and appraisal of exploration by other parties. • The historical exploration data has been collected by various parties and
done by other has been reported to high standards.
parties • The methods of exploration and techniques used are considered

14

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary Commentary
appropriate for the deposit types sought (Mn)
Geology Deposit type, geological setting and style of mineralisation. Butcherbird is a stratiform sedimentary manganese deposit.
The deposits are hosted within the Ilgarari Formation which is generally
flat lying with gentle open folding in places.
The manganese mineralisation within the ore zones is divided into three
distinctive units – a high grade manganiferous cap, supergene enriched
manganiferous laterite and basal shale.
Drill hole A summary of all information material to the understanding of the No individual exploration results are listed within this announcement as
Information exploration results including a tabulation of the following the announcement covers a MRE (Mineral Resource Estimate).
information for all Material drill holes:
o easting and northing of the drill hole collar
o elevation or RL of the drill hole collar
o dip and azimuth of the hole
o down hole length and interception depth
o hole length.
If the exclusion of this information is justified on the basis that the No information has been excluded.
information is not Material and this exclusion does not detract from
the understanding of the report, the Competent Person should
clearly explain why this is the case.
Data In reporting Exploration Results, weighting averaging techniques, No grade cutting has taken place. The MRE is reported at a Manganese
aggregation maximum and/or minimum grade truncations (e.g. cutting of high cutoff grades of 8 %.
methods grades) and cut-off grades are usually Material and should be stated.
Where aggregate intercepts incorporate short lengths of high grade No sample length bias was identified. The majority of the samples are 1
results and longer lengths of low grade results, the procedure used metre with some material outside the mineralised areas composited to
for such aggregation should be stated and some typical examples of 4 m via spear.
such aggregations should be shown in detail.
The assumptions used for any reporting of metal equivalent values No metal equivalents have been used.
should be clearly stated.
Relationship These relationships are particularly important in the reporting of All grade is reported on a weighted average.
between Exploration Results.
mineralisatio
n widths and

15

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary Commentary
intercept
lengths
If the geometry of the mineralisation with respect to the drill hole The mineralisation is strata bound and flat lying, striking at 80 degrees
angle is known, its nature should be reported. and dipping at around 7 degrees to the North (some local variation) and
all drilling is shallow vertical, intersecting the mineralisation
perpendicular to strike and dip.
If it is not known and only the down hole lengths are reported, there No individual exploration results are listed within this announcement as
should be a clear statement to this effect (eg ‘down hole length, true the announcement covers a MRE (Mineral Resource Estimate).
_width not known’). _
Diagrams Appropriate maps and sections (with scales) and tabulations of Refer to body of the report.
intercepts should be included for any significant discovery being
reported These should include, but not be limited to a plan view of
drill hole collar locations and appropriate sectional views.
Balanced Where comprehensive reporting of all Exploration Results is not The thickness of the modelled minerlaisation 5 m up to 26 m. with a
reporting practicable, representative reporting of both low and high grades average with of appoximatly 18m. Mn grades within the
and/or widths should be practiced to avoid misleading reporting of mineralisation range from 0.4 to 33.3 % Mn with a mean grade of
Exploration Results. 12.02 % Mn
Other Other exploration data, if meaningful and material, should be NA
substantive reported including (but not limited to): geological observations;
exploration geophysical survey results; geochemical survey results; bulk samples
data – size and method of treatment; metallurgical test results; bulk
density, groundwater, geotechnical and rock characteristics;
potential deleterious or contaminating substances.
Further work The nature and scale of planned further work (eg tests for lateral Future in-fill drilling will be targeted at upgrading the resource classes
extensions or depth extensions or large-scale step-out drilling). of the ore body and providing further metallurgical samples.
Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas of possible extensions, Metallurgical work is continuing along with discussion around the
including the main geological interpretations and future drilling commercialization of the project.
areas, provided this information is not commercially sensitive.

16

SECTION 3 ESTIMATION AND REPORTING OF MINERAL RESOURCES

(Criteria listed in section 1, and where relevant in section 2, also apply to this section.)

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
Database Measures taken to ensure that data has not been corrupted by, for • Data is supplied from site via spreadsheet, this data in input directly into
integrity example, transcription or keying errors, between its initial collection the Company GBIS database where routine validation checks are run.
and its use for Mineral Resource estimation purposes. Assay data is received in csv format from the laboratory and merged
directly into the Database.
Data validation procedures used. • All Data is re-run through a Validation program to define any errors.
Data is plotted and validated by geologist as a final measure of
validation. QA/QC analysis of all assay data is routinely run to check for
any laboratory errors.
Site visits Comment on any site visits undertaken by the Competent Person and • As drilling ceased in 2011 the Competent Person has not carried out a
the outcome of those visits. site visit. Diamond core, bulk samples, coarse rejects, chip trays and
If no site visits have been undertaken indicate why this is the case. pulps have been seen the Component person. Satellite imagery
confirming the position of the drill hole. Snowden carried out a site trip
and observed all aspects of the Exploration Program finding everything
satisfactory. All exploration methodologies have been checked for their
validity.
Geological Confidence in (or conversely, the uncertainty of) the geological • The geological of the deposits geology and mineralisation controls are
interpretation interpretation of the mineral deposit. relatively simple and the interpretation is grossly correct, infill drilling in
some places has assisted with refinements to that interpretation.
Nature of the data used and of any assumptions made. • Mineralisation has been identified by using a combination of geology,
geochemistry. Stratigraphy and regolith boundaries have been
identified from logging and geochemistry, and this has been domained
as the favourable mineralised unit.
The effect, if any, of alternative interpretations on Mineral Resource • The stratigraphy has been interpreted as a flatly dipping unit, striking at
estimation. 80 degrees and dipping at around 7 degrees to the North. This
interpretation is robust and confirmed bysatellite imageryand surface

17

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary Commentary
outcrop. There may be some slight local variation to the interpretation
with infill data but these changes would only be minor.
The use of geology in guiding and controlling Mineral Resource As the mineralisation is strata bound the resource estimate used the
estimation. geology to domain the resource and control the grade distribution.
Regolith boundaries for the hard-cap and base of oxidisation with the
Geological boundary were hard grade boundaries. A search ellipse
striking at 80 degrees dipping at 7 degrees towards 350 degrees was
used in the estimation
The factors affecting continuity both of grade and geology. The continuity of the geology and grade is reasonably well understood
but is affected by local variation in folding, faulting and thinning or
broadening of bedding is typical with this style of mineralisation. At the
base of oxidization there is a spike in Sulphur, crossing lithologies, which
would be due to localized gypsum. And would wash out with processing.
Dimensions The extent and variability of the Mineral Resource expressed as The block model extends from 7292750 N to 7298750 E, 771550 E
length (along strike or otherwise), plan width, and depth below to776100 E and 580 to 650 m in RL. The topography surface is
surface to the upper and lower limits of the Mineral Resource. approximately 630 m RL. The model was cut-off at the base of drilling.
Estimation The nature and appropriateness of the estimation technique(s) The MRE was calculated in Surpac 6.51 using ordinary kriging (OK) as
and applied and key assumptions, including treatment of extreme grade the estimation technique. This is a standard technique used for
modelling values, domaining, interpolation parameters and maximum distance manganese resource estimations and was used in the maiden resource
techniques of extrapolation from data points. If a computer assisted estimation
method was chosen include a description of computer software and
in January 2011 by Snowden.
parameters used.
The availability of check estimates, previous estimates and/or mine The current resource is an update on the January 2011 resource which
production records and whether the Mineral Resource estimate takes was estimated by Snowden according to JORC 2004. All data used in the
appropriate account of such data. January 2011 resource has been included in the current resource.
The assumptions made regarding recovery of by-products. No assumptions have been made
Estimation of deleterious elements or other non-grade variables of Mn, Fe, SiO2, Al2O3, P205, LOI, S, MgO, K2O, CaO, TiO2, Na2O, Cr2O3, MgO,
economic significance (e.g. sulphur for acid mine drainage Cu, Ba, Zn and Pb were all estimated in the resource.
_characterisation). _
In the case of block model interpolation, the block size in relation to The search geometry was determined from the orientation of the
the average sample spacing and the search employed. geologyand mineralisation. With the first estimationpass havinga strike

18

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary Commentary
of 120m. the across strike distance was 60m and the down dip distances
was 15m.
Ordinary kriging (OK) was used to interpolate the grade with search
parameters derived from variography.
A minimum of 5 samples from a minimum of 2 drill holes and maximum
of 30 samples was required to estimate a block
For estimation passes two and three, the search ellipses were expanded
by a factor of 1.4 and 4.2 respectively.
Any assumptions behind modelling of selective mining units. Na
Any assumptions about correlation between variables. No assumptions were made about the correlation between variables.
Description of how the geological interpretation was used to control Geological boundaries and domains were treated as hard boundaries
the resource estimates. and only samples within the geological domains were used to estimate
that domain. Interpolation of the orientation was based on the
geological units geometry.
Discussion of basis for using or not using grade cutting or capping. Statistical analysis of the all geological domains was performed and
model elements. High grade top cuts were applied to elements who’s
coefficient of variation (CV) was greater than 1.2, top cuts were applied
at the change of slope of the frequency histogram. This effected CaO, S,
Cu.
The process of validation, the checking process used, the comparison The resource model was validated against the estimation data visually
of model data to drill hole data, and use of reconciliation data if and statistically. Visual investigations again geology and estimated
available. grade were carried out. Swath plots by north east and RL were used to
compare grade of the model to the estimation data.
Moisture Whether the tonnages are estimated on a dry basis or with natural No account has been taken for moisture. The tonnages are wet.
moisture, and the method of determination of the moisture content. There is no current test work to determine the moisture content.
Cut-off The basis of the adopted cut-off grade(s) or quality parameters A cutoff grade of 8% Mn was applied as this reflected the economic cut-
parameters applied. off for the metallurgical test work.

19

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary Commentary
Mining Assumptions made regarding possible mining methods, minimum The mineralisation is stratabound oxide material around 20 metres in
factors or mining dimensions and internal (or, if applicable, external) mining thickness easily ably to be mined with limited stripping.
assumptions dilution. It is always necessary as part of the process of determining Coventional truck and shovel mining is evisiaged. Trucked to a centrally
reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction to consider located processing facility.
potential mining methods, but the assumptions made regarding No mining assumptions used in the MRE
mining methods and parameters when estimating Mineral Resources No account has been taken for mining dilution in the MRE.
may not always be rigorous. Where this is the case, this should be
reported with an explanation of the basis of the mining assumptions
made.
Metallurgical The basis for assumptions or predictions regarding metallurgical Detailed metallurgical test work has shown the manganese
factors or amenability. It is always necessary as part of the process of mineralisation is easily upgradable to a low-grade product with a typical
assumptions determining reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction scrubbing, wet screening and then two stages of gravity separation.
to consider potential metallurgical methods, but the assumptions This low-grade product would, if sold currently, have a discounted sale
regarding metallurgical treatment processes and parameters made prices as reflected by the Manganese product grade.
when reporting Mineral Resources may not always be rigorous. Recent bench top studies have shown this can then be upgraded to a
Where this is the case, this should be reported with an explanation of premium saleable product with hydro-metallurgical processing. This
the basis of the metallurgical assumptions made. test work is continuing.
Environmen- Assumptions made regarding possible waste and process residue Environmental baseline studies for both Terrestrial Fauna and Flora have
tal factors or disposal options. It is always necessary as part of the process of been completed as part of the Prefeasibility Studies.
assumptions determining reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction No current or potential environmental issues were identified in the
to consider the potential environmental impacts of the mining and studies.
processing operation. While at this stage the determination of
potential environmental impacts, particularly for a greenfields
project, may not always be well advanced, the status of early
consideration of these potential environmental impacts should be
reported. Where these aspects have not been considered this should
be reported with an explanation of the environmental assumptions
made.
Bulk density Whether assumed or determined. If assumed, the basis for the Specific Gravity (SG) data was captured using gamma logging at 2cm
assumptions. If determined, the method used, whether wet or dry, intervals.
the frequency of the measurements, the nature, size and 9 drill holes were surveyed, with the average density of these being used
representativeness of the samples. to determine the deposit average.
Ø

20

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary Commentary
The bulk density for bulk material must have been measured by The gamma gamma logging measures the all in specific gravity and is a
methods that adequately account for void spaces (vugs, porosity, wet density. No account has been taken for moisture.
etc), moisture and differences between rock and alteration zones Trenching dug across the orebody provided physical samples of surface
within the deposit. material for analysis
Discuss assumptions for bulk density estimates used in the evaluation Statistical analysis shows that bulk densities are sensitive to depth with
process of the different materials. low variability within lithological units. There is no correlation evident
with the density and grade. There was insufficient information to
calculate a regression curve for the density vs depth so the average
density was applied.
Classification The basis for the classification of the Mineral Resources into varying Resource classifications were determined by a combination of OK
confidence categories. estimation confidence (determined from the regression slope value),
sample search pass number combined with geological confidence and
drill hole spacing.
Whether appropriate account has been taken of all relevant factors Appropriate account has been taken of all relevant factors.
(ie relative confidence in tonnage/grade estimations, reliability of
input data, confidence in continuity of geology and metal values,
_quality, quantity and distribution of the data). _
Whether the result appropriately reflects the Competent Person’s Yes, these results were what was expected from the knowledge of the
view of the deposit. deposit.
Audits or The results of any audits or reviews of Mineral Resource estimates. There have been no audits or reviews of this mineral resource. This is an
reviews updated resource from the resource estimated by Snowden in January
2011 (JORC 2004) with addition metallurgical data.
Discussion of Where appropriate a statement of the relative accuracy and The relative accuracy of the Mineral Resource estimate is reflected in
relative confidence level in the Mineral Resource estimate using an approach the reporting of the Mineral Resource as per the guidelines of the 2012
accuracy/ or procedure deemed appropriate by the Competent Person. For JORC code.
confidence example, the application of statistical or geostatistical procedures to
quantify the relative accuracy of the resource within stated
confidence limits, or, if such an approach is not deemed appropriate,
a qualitative discussion of the factors that could affect the relative
accuracy and confidence of the estimate.

21

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
The statement should specify whether it relates to global or local • The statement relates to global estimate of tonnes and grade for an
estimates, and, if local, state the relevant tonnages, which should be inferred and indicated resource.
relevant to technical and economic evaluation. Documentation
should include assumptions made and the procedures used.
These statements of relative accuracy and confidence of the estimate • No production data is available.
should be compared withproduction data, where available.

JORC Code, 2012 Edition – Table 1 report (Resources outside Yanneri Ridge)

SECTION 1 SAMPLING TECHNIQUES AND DATA

(Criteria in this section apply to all succeeding sections.)

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary Commentary
Sampling Nature and quality of sampling (eg cut channels, random chips, or Sampling intervals for all RC holes were 1m from the rig mounted
techniques specific specialised industry standard measurement tools appropriate to splitter.
the minerals under investigation, such as down hole gamma sondes, or The samples were split into approximately 2-3kgs into pre-numbered
handheld XRF instruments, etc). These examples should not be taken as calico bags. The splitter was inspected at the end of each drill rod, and
limiting the broad meaning of sampling. cleaned with compressed air as routine.
Some samples were composited to 4 m in areas away from the
mineralization. This was done with the use of a sample spear.
Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample representivity and Certified Reference Material (CRM) was inserted into the samples on the
the appropriate calibration of any measurement tools or systems used. basis of 1/40. Analysis was by standard XRF technique at Nagrom and
SGS Laboratories in Perth Australia.
Standard QA/QC analysis was carried out on the assay data to confirm
the validity of both the sampling method and laboratory analysis. In
addition, Nagrom and SGS laboratories have internal QA processes which
includes both duplicates and standards in the analysis.

22

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary Commentary
An examination of the QAQC sample data indicates satisfactory
performance of the duplicate samples and the laboratory has acceptable
precision with no bias.
Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are Material to the Samples were dried crushed and pulverised at the Company’s sample
Public Report. preparation laboratory to get 90% of the sample <160µm to provide a
150g gram sample which was then assayed via industry standard XRF at
Nagrom and SGS Perth.
In cases where ‘industry standard’ work has been done this would be Additional size fraction analysis was carried out on the trench colluvium
relatively simple (eg ‘reverse circulation drilling was used to obtain 1 m samples to assist with the determination of clay fractions and to assist
samples from which 3 kg was pulverised to produce a 30 g charge for with defining metallurgical characteristics.
fire assay’). In other cases more explanation may be required, such as
where there is coarse gold that has inherent sampling problems.
Unusual commodities or mineralisation types (eg submarine nodules)
may warrant disclosure of detailed information.
Drilling Drill type (eg core, reverse circulation, open-hole hammer, rotary air Drilling was carried out predominantly with RC with a small volume of
techniques blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and details (eg core diameter, triple or Diamond Drilling. The RC holes were completed using a 140mm diameter
standard tube, depth of diamond tails, face-sampling bit or other type, face sampling hammer (10 metallurgical holes were drilled using PQ3
whether core is oriented and if so, by what method, etc). rods).
Drill sample Method of recording and assessing core and chip sample recoveries and RC recoveries were estimated and reported by the supervising geologist.
recovery results assessed. Measures were taken to maximise sample recovery and ensure
representative nature of the samples. Nominal 2-3kg calico bag sample
weight was desired feed from rig mounted cyclone and riffle splitter.
Riffles were inspected at the end of each rod, and routinely cleaned with
compressed air from rig.
Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and ensure representative RC drilling was the preferred drill technique in order to maximise sample
nature of the samples. recoveries. Care was taken in keeping sample dry.
Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery and grade and Twin RC/Diamond drill hole data has shown that some bias in grade may
whether sample bias may have occurred due to preferential loss/gain of exist where sample recoveries are less than 50%, this generally only
fine/coarse material. occurs within the top 10m of the ore-body.

23

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary Commentary
Recoveries of diamond core near surface were poor in places and to
minimize this effect, trenching was conducted where 100% of the
sample could be collected.
Logging Whether core and chip samples have been geologically and All diamond drill core and RC chips have been geologically logged by
geotechnically logged to a level of detail to support appropriate Mineral suitably qualified geological staff.
Resource estimation, mining studies and metallurgical studies. Lithologies, colour, texture, alteration, texture, RQD, structural density
and magnetic susceptibility were recorded to add to the MRE
interpretation and metallurgy.
Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. Core (or Logging is qualitative in nature, with the exception of density and
costean, channel, etc) photography. magnetic susceptibility.
The total length and percentage of the relevant intersections logged. Every RC Sample has been geologically logged on nominal 1m intervals.
Sub-sampling If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or all core taken. Where PQ3Diamond Drilling has been used, 100% of the core was used
techniques and for assaying and metallurgical purposes.
sample
preparation
If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc and whether The majority of RC samples were sampled dry via a riffle splitter.
sampled wet or dry. All Diamond Core samples were dried prior to sampling.
For all sample types, the nature, quality and appropriateness of the Sample preparation for all samples was carried out by Nagrom and SGS
sample preparation technique. Laboratories (accredited).
XRF sample material is dried in an oven at 105 degrees Celsius. A sample
disk is produced using 8.000 grams of dried sample with 8.000 grams of
12:22 lithium tetra borate and metaborate flux containing 5% lithium
nitrate. The flux and sample are mixed and heated to 1000 degrees
Celsius in a platinum crucible for 15 minutes. The resulting borate-glass
melt is poured into a platinum mold to form a fusion disk. The disk is
then analysed by a Panaytical Axios XRF to determine element
concentrations in the sample.

24

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary Commentary
Loss on Ignition (LOI) analysis utilized a dried sample is heated to 1000
degrees Celsius for four hours. The mass loss due to heating is
determined using an electronic balance capable of weighing to +/-
0.0001 grams.
Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling stages to Sizing analysis of the laboratories crushing and pulverizing is monitored
maximise representivity of samples. daily, no issues on the particle sizing has been discovered.
Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is representative of the in All RC duplicate samples were re-split for the bulk residue sample.
situ material collected, including for instance results for field Analysis of the QA/QC data has shown the primary versus duplicate
duplicate/second-half sampling. samples have excellent correlation and no sampling bias has been
detected.
Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of the material Samples were collected on nominal 1m intervals within the entire drill
being sampled. hole.
RC samples were split with a final sample size of 2-3kg. These are
industry standard and are appropriate for this type of mineralisation.
Quality of The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying and laboratory All samples were analyzed at Nagrom and SGS Laboratories in Perth,
assay data and procedures used and whether the technique is considered partial or Australia using XRF analysis which is an industry standard analysis of
laboratory total. manganese ore.
tests Elements assayed using XRF include Mn, Fe, Al2O3, CaO, Cr2O3, P2O5,
SiO2, Ba, K2O, MgO, Na2O, S, TiO2LOI, Cu, Pb, Zn.
For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF instruments, etc, the Specific Gravity (SG) data was captured using gamma gamma downhole
parameters used in determining the analysis including instrument make logging at 2cm intervals.
and model, reading times, calibrations factors applied and their
derivation, etc.
Nature of quality control procedures adopted (eg standards, blanks, Quality Assurance was conducted with 1 duplicate sample being
duplicates, external laboratory checks) and whether acceptable levels of collected every 40 samples. The duplicate samples and standard
accuracy (ie lack of bias) and precision have been established. references material were analysed at Nagron and SGS Laboratories using
identical methods.
All duplicate samples returned acceptable analysis with samples
achieving acceptable correlation with no sample bias. The majority of
Standard references (CRM) results returned analysis within 3 standard
deviations of the expectedgrade.

25

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary Commentary
Sample analysis is routinely checked via pulp round robin tests with
other certified laboratories. No bias or analytical issues have been
detected to date.
Verification of The verification of significant intersections by either independent or All data has been checked for accuracy by senior MZM and
sampling and alternative company personnel Contractor geological staff.
assaying
The use of twinned holes. Twinned Diamond/RC holes have shown no significant bias between the
drill techniques where sample recovery is greater than 50%.
Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, data All data is logged digital into Excel data entry templates. The data entry
verification, data storage (physical and electronic) protocols. templates are checked by the Data Manager and input into the
companies GBIS sequel geological database. Data is input into temporary
database tables where it passes through verification testing, once
verified it is input into the database. All assay data is supplied in csv
format from the laboratory and input directly into the data base assay
tables. A QA/QC package is linked to the database which checks both
duplicate and standard assay results to track sampling and analysis
accuracy.
Discuss any adjustment to assay data. No adjustments have been made to assay data returned from the
laboratory.
Location of Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes (collar and All drill holes have been surveyed by Down Under Surveys using an
data points down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings and other locations used in Ashtec DGPS.
Mineral Resource estimation.
Specification of the grid system used. The license is located entirely within Universal Transverse Mercator Zone
50 South with all co-ordinates recorded using the World Geodetic
System 94 datum and UTM Zone 50 projection.
Quality and adequacy of topographic control. All drill holes were surveyed with a DGPS. This data was used to create
topography surfaces for the resource.

26

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary Commentary
Data spacing Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results. Richies Find, Coodamudgi and Munawindi– 400 m by 100 m.
and Ilgarrarie Ridge– 800 m by 100 m
distribution
Budgie Hill– 100 m by 200 m in the north and 100 x 100 m in the
south
Bindi Bindi Hill– 100 m by 100 m in two drill lines (parallel and
perpendicular to the strike). Some infill drilling down to 50 m by 50 m
spacing around where the drill lines cross.
Cadgies Flat– 20 m by 40 m in two drill lines (parallel and
perpendicular to the strike).
Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient to establish the The drill spacing is sufficient to establish the degree of geological and
degree of geological and grade continuity appropriate for the Mineral grade continuity appropriate for the Mineral Resource.
Resource and Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and classifications
applied.
Whether sample compositing has been applied. No sample compositing has been applied for the purposes of the MRE.
Sample that were composited to 4 metres were in areas away from the
mineralisation. These samples were composites to 1 m for the resource
estimate.
Orientation of Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased sampling of 636 RC and 10 diamond drill holes were used in the resource estimate for
data in relation possible structures and the extent to which this is known, considering a total of 19,353.2 metres of drilling. 629 of these holes were drilled
to geological the deposit type. vertically. The averge hole depth is 30 m. The manganese ore zones are
structure close to flat lying and therefore drillhole intersections approximate true
width.
The geology and mimeralision is flat lying dipping between 5 and 7 degress
to the north, north east.
The orientation of of the drilling is close to a perpendicular orientation to
the geology and minerlaistion and is considered unbiased.
If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the orientation of No orientation based sampling bias has been identified in the data to
key mineralised structures is considered to have introduced a sampling date.
bias, this should be assessed and reported if material.

27

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary Commentary
Sample The measures taken to ensure sample security. All sample data was recorded digitally. Samples were packed in
security numbered polyweaves and send via courier company to laboratory in
Perth with connote.
Audits or The results of any audits or reviews of sampling techniques and data. Snowden visited the site for the 2011 resources and found all aspects of
reviews exploration to be satisfactory.

SECTION 2 REPORTING OF EXPLORATION RESULTS

(Criteria listed in the preceding section also apply to this section.)

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary Commentary
Mineral tenement Type, reference name/number, location and ownership including The Butcherbird Project consists of a single granted exploration
and land tenure
status
agreements or material issues with third parties such as joint
ventures, partnerships, overriding royalties, native title interests,
historical sites, wilderness or national park and environmental
license – E52/2350.
The tenure is 100% owned by Montezuma Mining Corporation Ltd.
settings
The security of the tenure held at the time of reporting along with The permit is considered secure.
any known impediments to obtaining a licence to operate in the
area.
Exploration done Acknowledgment and appraisal of exploration by other parties. The historical exploration data has been collected by various parties
by other parties and has been reported to high standards.
The methods of exploration and techniques used are considered
appropriate for the deposit types sought (Mn)
Geology Deposit type, geological setting and style of mineralisation. Butcherbird is a stratiform sedimentary manganese deposit.
The deposits are hosted within the Ilgarari Formation which is
generally flat lying with gentle open folding in places.
The manganese mineralisation within the ore zones is divided into
three distinctive units – a high grade manganiferous cap, supergene

28

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary Commentary
enriched manganiferous laterite and basal shale.
Drill hole A summary of all information material to the understanding of No individual exploration results are listed within this announcement as
Information the exploration results including a tabulation of the following the announcement covers a MRE (Mineral Resource Estimate).
information for all Material drill holes:
easting and northing of the drill hole collar
elevation or RL (Reduced Level – elevation above sea level in
metres) of the drill hole collar
dip and azimuth of the hole
down hole length and interception depth
hole length.
If the exclusion of this information is justified on the basis that the No information has been excluded.
information is not Material and this exclusion does not detract
from the understanding of the report, the Competent Person
should clearly explain why this is the case.
Data aggregation In reporting Exploration Results, weighting averaging techniques, No grade cutting has taken place. The MRE is reported at a Manganese
methods maximum and/or minimum grade truncations (e.g. cutting of high cutoff grades of 8 %.
grades) and cut-off grades are usually Material and should be
stated.
Where aggregate intercepts incorporate short lengths of high No sample length bias was identified. The majority of the samples are 1
grade results and longer lengths of low grade results, the meter with some material outside the mineralised areas composited to 4
procedure used for such aggregation should be stated and some m via spear.
typical examples of such aggregations should be shown in detail.
The assumptions used for any reporting of metal equivalent No metal equivalents have been used.
values should be clearly stated.
Relationship These relationships are particularly important in the reporting of All grade is reported on a weighted average.
between Exploration Results.
mineralisation
widths and
intercept lengths

29

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary Commentary
If the geometry of the mineralisation with respect to the drill hole The mineralisation is strata bound and flat lying dipping at around 5
angle is known, its nature should be reported. degrees to the North (some local variation) and all drilling is shallow
vertical, intersecting the mineralisation perpendicular to strike and dip.
If it is not known and only the down hole lengths are reported, No individual exploration results are listed within this announcement as
there should be a clear statement to this effect (eg ‘down hole the announcement covers a MRE (Mineral Resource Estimate).
_length, true width not known’). _
Diagrams Appropriate maps and sections (with scales) and tabulations of Refer to body of the report.
intercepts should be included for any significant discovery being
reported These should include, but not be limited to a plan view of
drill hole collar locations and appropriate sectional views.
Balanced reporting Where comprehensive reporting of all Exploration Results is not Richies Find- The thickness of the modelled lodes range from 1 m up
practicable, representative reporting of both low and high grades to 15 m. with a average with of appoximatly 8.5m. Mn grades within
and/or widths should be practiced to avoid misleading reporting these mineralised lodes range from 0.22 to 23 % Mn with a mean
of Exploration Results. grade of 10.9 % Mn
Coodamudgi– The thickness of the modelled lodes range from 2 m
up to 18 m. with a average with of appoximatly 11m . Mn grades
within these mineralised lodes range from 2.5 to 28.6 % Mn with a
mean grade of 11.1 % Mn
Munawindi– The thickness of the modelled lodes range from 1 m
up to 22 m. with a average with of appoximatly 11m. Mn grades
within these mineralised lodes range from 1 to 33 % Mn with a mean
grade of 12.04 % Mn
Ilgarrarie Ridge– The thickness of the modelled lodes range from 1
m up to 21 m. with a average with of appoximatly 10m. Mn grades
within these mineralised lodes range from 0.4 to 25.1 % Mn with a
mean grade of 10.4 % Mn
Budgie Hill- The thickness of the modelled lodes range from 1 m up
to 12 m. with a average with of appoximatly 5m. Mn grades within
these mineralised lodes range from 0.2 to 17.5 % Mn with a mean
grade of 9.0 % Mn

30

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary Commentary
Bindi Bindi Hill–The thickness of the modelled lodes range from 4 m
up to 21 m. with a average with of appoximatly 11.8 m. Mn grades
within these mineralised lodes range from 1.5 to 24.6 % Mn with a
mean grade of 10.8 % Mn
Cadgies Flat –The thickness of the modelled lodes range from 1 m
up to 9 m. with a average with of appoximatly 5m. Mn grades within
these mineralised lodes range from 0.2 to 18.5 % Mn with a mean
grade of 9.6 % Mn
Other substantive Other exploration data, if meaningful and material, should be NA
exploration data reported including (but not limited to): geological observations;
geophysical survey results; geochemical survey results; bulk
samples – size and method of treatment; metallurgical test
results; bulk density, groundwater, geotechnical and rock
characteristics; potential deleterious or contaminating
substances.
Further work The nature and scale of planned further work (eg tests for lateral Future in-fill and step out drilling will be targeted at upgrading the
extensions or depth extensions or large-scale step-out drilling). resource and classes of the ore body.
Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas of possible extensions, Metallurgical work is continuing along with discussions around
including the main geological interpretations and future drilling commercialising the project.
areas, provided this information is not commercially sensitive.

31

SECTION 3 ESTIMATION AND REPORTING OF MINERAL RESOURCES

(Criteria listed in section 1, and where relevant in section 2, also apply to this section.)

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary Commentary
Database Measures taken to ensure that data has not been corrupted by, for Data is supplied from site via spreadsheet, this data in input directly into
integrity example, transcription or keying errors, between its initial collection the Company GBIS database where routine validation checks are run.
and its use for Mineral Resource estimation purposes. Assay data is received in csv format from the laboratory and merged
directly into the Database
Data validation procedures used. All Data is re-run through a Validation program to define any errors. Data
is plotted and validated by geologist as a final measure of validation.
QA/QC analysis of all assay data is routinely run to check for any
laboratory errors.
Site visits Comment on any site visits undertaken by the Competent Person As drilling ceased in 2011 this Competent Person has not carried out a
and the outcome of those visits. site visit. Diamond core, bulk samples, coarse rejects, chip trays and
If no site visits have been undertaken indicate why this is the case. pulps have been seen the Component person. Satellite imagery
confirming the position of the drill hole. Snowden personal carried out a
site trip and observed all aspects of the Exploration Program finding
everything satisfactory. All exploration methodologies have been
checked for their validity.
Geological Confidence in (or conversely, the uncertainty of) the geological The geological of the deposits geology and mineralisation controls are
interpretation interpretation of the mineral deposit. relatively simple and the interpretation is grossly correct, infill drilling in
some places has assisted with refinements to that interpretation.
Nature of the data used and of any assumptions made. Mineralisation has been identified by using a combination of geology and
geochemistry. Stratigraphy and Regolith boundaries has been identified
from logging and geochemistry and these have been domained as the
favourable mineralised unit.
The effect, if any, of alternative interpretations on Mineral The stratigraphy has been interpreted as a flatly dipping unit, dipping to
Resource estimation. the striking East West and dipping at around 5 degrees to the North, with
some local variation. This interpretation is robust and confirmed by
satellite imageryand surface outcrop. There maybe some slight local

32

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary Commentary
variation to the interpretation with infill data but these changes would
only be minor.
The use of geology in guiding and controlling Mineral Resource As the mineralisation is strata bound, the resource estimate used the
estimation. geology to domain the resource and control the grade distribution.
Geological boundary were hard grade boundaries. Search ellipses were
determined by the strike of the geology and the results of the
variography.
The factors affecting continuity both of grade and geology. The continuity of the geology and grade is reasonably well understood
but is affected by local variation in folding, faulting and thinning or
broadening of bedding is typical with this style of mineralisation. At the
base of oxidization there is a spike in Sulphur, crossing lithologies, which
would be due to localized gypsum. And would wash out with processing.
Dimensions The extent and variability of the Mineral Resource expressed as Richies Find- The area of mineralisation occurs within a series of lodes
length (along strike or otherwise), plan width, and depth below which extend over a 2.3 km strike length and average approximately 550
surface to the upper and lower limits of the Mineral Resource. m in width. This area is extended to a known depth of around 9m from
surface. The thickness of the individual zones ranges from less than 1 m
up to 15 m.
Coodamudgi– The mineralisation extends over a 1.3km strike length and
average approximately 600 m in width. Mineralisation extends from 5m
below the surface to a depth of 25 m. The thickness of the individual
zones ranges from 2 m up to 25 m.
Munawindi- The area of mineralisation occurs within a series of lodes
which extend over a strike length of 2.7 km and a width of 550 m. This
area is extended to a known depth of around 33 m from surface. The
thickness of the individual zones ranges from 1 m up to 22 m.
Ilgarrarie Ridge– Mineralisation occurs within a series of lodes which
extend over a 3.7 km strike length and average approximately 600 m in
width. Mineralisation starts approximately 8m below the surface and
extends down to a depth of around 28 m from surface. The thickness of
the individual zones ranges from less than 1 m up to 15 m.
Budgie Hill- The area of mineralisation occurs within a series of lodes
which extend over a 1.3km strike length and average approximately260

33

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary Commentary
m in width. This area is extended to a known depth of around 32 m from
surface. The thickness of the individual zones ranges from 1 m up to 12
m.
Bindi Bindi Hill- The area of mineralisation occurs within a series of
lodes which extend over a 1.3km strike length and average
approximately 1.3km in width. This area is extended to a known depth
of around 40 m from surface. The thickness of the individual zones
ranges from 1 m up to 15 m.
Cadgies Flat -Mineralisation occurs within a series of lodes which extend
over a 740m strike length and average approximately 170m in width.
This area is extended to a known depth of around 11m from surface.
The thickness of the individual zones ranges from 1m up to 9m.
Estimation and The nature and appropriateness of the estimation technique(s) The MRE was calculated in Surpac 6.5 using ordinary kriging (OK) as the
modelling applied and key assumptions, including treatment of extreme grade estimation technique. This is a standard technique used for this type of
techniques values, domaining, interpolation parameters and maximum
distance of extrapolation from data points. If a computer assisted
manganese resource in estimations.
estimation method was chosen include a description of computer
software andparameters used.
The availability of check estimates, previous estimates and/or mine This is an update of the current resource which was estimated by
production records and whether the Mineral Resource estimate Snowden according to JORC 2004.
takes appropriate account of such data.
The assumptions made regarding recovery of by-products. No assumptions have been made
Estimation of deleterious elements or other non-grade variables of Grades for Mn, Fe, Al2O3, SiO2, and P2O5were estimated using ordinary
economic significance (e.g. sulphur for acid mine drainage block kriging into parent cells.
_characterisation). _
In the case of block model interpolation, the block size in relation to The search geometry was determined from the orientation of the
the average sample spacing and the search employed. geology and mineralisation. With the first estimation pass having the
range determined by variography.
Ordinary kriging (OK) was used to interpolate the grade with search
parameters derived from variography.
For estimation pass two, the minimum number of samples was cut by
half, The third pass extending the range to double the variography with a
minimum of one sample to fill the remaining block.

34

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary Commentary
Any assumptions behind modelling of selective mining units. NA
Any assumptions about correlation between variables. No assumptions were made about the correlation between variables.
Description of how the geological interpretation was used to Geological boundaries and domains were treated as hard boundaries and
control the resource estimates. only samples within the geological domains were used to estimate that
domain.
Interpolation of the orientation was based on the geological units
geometry and variography.
Discussion of basis for using or not using grade cutting or capping. Statistical analysis of the all geological domains was performed and
model elements. High grade top cuts were applied to elements who’s
coefficient of variation (CV) was greater than 1.2, top cuts were applied
at the change of slope of the frequency histogram. This did not affect
the estimated elements.
The process of validation, the checking process used, the The resource model was validated against the estimation data visually
comparison of model data to drill hole data, and use of and statistically. Visual investigations against geology and estimated
reconciliation data if available. grade were carried out. Swath plots by north east and RL were used to
compare grade of the model to the estimation data.
Moisture Whether the tonnages are estimated on a dry basis or with natural No account has been taken for moisture. The tonnages are wet. There is
moisture, and the method of determination of the moisture no current test work on the moisture content.
content.
Cut-off The basis of the adopted cut-off grade(s) or quality parameters Resource estimate reported at a grade ≥8 % Mn. A grade cut-off grade of
parameters applied. 8% Mn was applied as this reflected the economic cut-off from the
metallurgical test work.
Mining factors or Assumptions made regarding possible mining methods, minimum The mineralisation is stratabound oxide material around 5 to 20 metres in
assumptions mining dimensions and internal (or, if applicable, external) mining thickness easily ably to be mined with limited stripping.
dilution. It is always necessary as part of the process of determining Coventional truck and shovel mining is evisiaged. Trucked to a centrally
reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction to consider located processing facility.
potential mining methods, but the assumptions made regarding
mining methods and parameters when estimating Mineral
Resources may not always be rigorous. Where this is the case, this

No mining assumptions used in the MRE
No account has been taken for mining dilution in the MRE.
should be reported with an explanation of the basis of the mining
assumptions made.

35

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary Commentary
Metallurgical The basis for assumptions or predictions regarding metallurgical Detailed metallurgical test work has shown the manganese
factors or amenability. It is always necessary as part of the process of mineralisation is easily upgradable to a low-grade product with typical
assumptions determining reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction
to consider potential metallurgical methods, but the assumptions
scrubbing, wet screening and two staged gravity separation.
This low-grade product would, if sold currently, have a discounted sale
regarding metallurgical treatment processes and parameters made prices as reflected by the Manganese product grade.
when reporting Mineral Resources may not always be rigorous.
Where this is the case, this should be reported with an explanation
of the basis of the metallurgical assumptions made.
Recent bench top studies have shown this can then be upgraded to a
premium saleable product with hydro-metallurgical processing. This test
work is continuing,
Environmen-tal Assumptions made regarding possible waste and process residue Environmental baseline studies for both Terrestrial Fauna and Flora have
factors or disposal options. It is always necessary as part of the process of been completed as part of the initial scoping studies.
assumptions determining reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction
to consider the potential environmental impacts of the mining and
No current or potential environmental issues were identified in the
studies.
processing operation. While at this stage the determination of
potential environmental impacts, particularly for a greenfields
project, may not always be well advanced, the status of early
consideration of these potential environmental impacts should be
reported. Where these aspects have not been considered this
should be reported with an explanation of the environmental
assumptions made.
Bulk density Whether assumed or determined. If assumed, the basis for the Specific Gravity (SG) data was captured using gamma gamma logging at
assumptions. If determined, the method used, whether wet or dry, 2cm intervals.
the frequency of the measurements, the nature, size and 9 drill holes were surveyed, with the average density of these being used
representativeness of the samples. to determine the deposit average.
The bulk density for bulk material must have been measured by The gamma gamma logging measures the total specific gravity and is the
methods that adequately account for void spaces (vugs, porosity, wet density. No account has been taken for moisture.
etc), moisture and differences between rock and alteration zones Trenching across the orebody provided physical samples for analyses.
within the deposit.
Discuss assumptions for bulk density estimates used in the Statistical analysis shows that bulk densities are sensitive to depth with
evaluation process of the different materials. low variability within lithological units. There is no correlation evident
with the density and grade. There was insufficient information to
calculate a regression curve for the density vs depth so the average
density was applied.
Classification The basis for the classification of the Mineral Resources into varying The estimates have been classified as Inferred Mineral Resources based
confidence categories. ongeological confidence,the integrityof the data,the spatial continuity

36

Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary Commentary
of the mineralisation as demonstrated by variography, and the quality of
the estimation.
Whether appropriate account has been taken of all relevant factors Appropriate account has been taken of all relevant factors.
(ie relative confidence in tonnage/grade estimations, reliability of
input data, confidence in continuity of geology and metal values,
_quality, quantity and distribution of _ _the data). _
Whether the result appropriately reflects the Competent Person’s Yes, these results were what was expected from the knowledge of the
view of the deposit. deposit.
Audits or reviews The results of any audits or reviews of Mineral Resource estimates. There have been no audits or reviews of the mineral resource. This is a
review of the existing resources estimated by Snowden in December
reclassifying the JORC 2004 resource as JORC 2012
Discussion of Where appropriate a statement of the relative accuracy and The relative accuracy of the Mineral Resource estimate is reflected in the
relative accuracy/ confidence level in the Mineral Resource estimate using an reporting of the Mineral Resource as per the guidelines of the 2012 JORC
confidence approach or procedure deemed appropriate by the Competent
Person. For example, the application of statistical or geostatistical
code. Appropriated techniques and checks have taken place to reclassify
the resource as JORC 2012.
procedures to quantify the relative accuracy of the resource within
stated confidence limits, or, if such an approach is not deemed
appropriate, a qualitative discussion of the factors that could affect
the relative accuracy and confidence of the estimate.
The statement should specify whether it relates to global or local The statement relates to global estimate of tonnes and grade for an
estimates, and, if local, state the relevant tonnages, which should inferred resource.
be relevant to technical and economic evaluation. Documentation
should include assumptions made and the procedures used.
These statements of relative accuracy and confidence of the No production data is available.
estimate should be compared with production data, where
available.

37