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EASTERN RESOURCES LIMITED — Capital/Financing Update 2014
Jan 23, 2014
64824_rns_2014-01-23_77b72101-db75-4cb8-9f14-09407857e62e.pdf
Capital/Financing Update
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ASX Announcement – 24 January 2014
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NOWA NOWA IRON PROJECT - FEASIBILITY STUDY RESULTS
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Feasibility Study nears completion
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Results confirm scoping study outcomes indicating low capital cost
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Robust operating margins over the projected life of the mine
Eastern Iron (ASX:EFE) is pleased to announce the results to date of its feasibility study into a potential mining development at its 100% owned Nowa Nowa Iron Project. This follows results of the mine scoping study which were announced on 6 December 2012.
Mining studies completed as part of the feasibility study have indicated that parts of the Inferred Resource at the Five Mile will be mined early in the life of the operation. Consistent with the requirements of JORC 2012, a short program of confirmatory drilling will be required to upgrade the confidence level in the Inferred Resource areas before production and financial forecasts completed as part of the feasibility study can be released.
The feasibility study was undertaken on Eastern Iron’s behalf by project delivery specialist, Engenium with input from specialist sub-consultants in the areas of:
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Mining – mine design, scheduling, waste rock and tailings storage (McCracken Mining Services/Mining One Consultants Pty Ltd)
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Resource estimation – H&S Consultants Pty Ltd
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Geotechnical investigations – Mining One Consultants Pty Ltd
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Hydrology/hydrogeology – AECOM Ltd, Earth Systems Pty Ltd
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Port and Transport studies – Engenium, Innovative Shipping Pty Ltd
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Marketing – Fundmax Pty Ltd
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Process testwork and design – Resource Engineering Pty Ltd, Engenium
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Environmental Studies – Earth Systems Pty Ltd
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Waste rock management and storage – Earth Systems Pty Ltd, Mining One Consultants Pty Ltd
The Nowa Nowa Iron project is based in East Gippsland, Victoria approximately 250 kilometres from Melbourne and close to the Princes Highway which provides access to several nearby towns and an existing export port facility at Eden in southern NSW.
Eastern Iron has completed resource drilling at the Five Mile deposit outlining 9.6Mt averaging 50% Fe (at a lower cutoff of 40% Fe) of magnetite iron (see Company announcement dated 12 June 2013).
| Measured | Measured | Indicated | Indicated | Inferred | Inferred | Total | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prospect | Mt | Fe% | Mt | Fe % | Mt | Fe% | Mt | Fe% |
| Five Mile | 2.1 | 52 | 3.7 | 50 | 3.9 | 50 | 9.6 | 50 |
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ABN 70 126 678 037
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Figure 1: Nowa Nowa Locality Plan
The workforce for the operation will live in the surrounding towns of which there are several within a 50km radius including Nowa Nowa, Bairnsdale, Lakes Entrance and Orbost. Although a 22kVA power line runs by the site power requirements will be provided by site diesel operated gensets due to the doubtful load capacity of the existing line. Other options are being investigated as power costs are a large component of the total operating costs.
In the current study 1 Mtpa of ore will be mined by contract mining in a single open pit and hauled to a three stage crushing plant close to the pit where ore is crushed to -10mm before dry magnetic separation to a final upgraded magnetic iron product. Average magnetic yield to product is over 80% and yield has been estimated for individual ore blocks in the mine production schedule.
The product grade is expected to be 56% Fe which represents the average grade achieved from metallurgical testwork completed to date using laboratory scale separation equipment available at the ALS Global testing laboratory in WA. Eastern Iron will be carrying out further process optimisation over the coming months using larger commercial scale units with an aim to further improve the upgrade of the ROM ore to at least +58%Fe.
Upgraded ore is stockpiled at site and loaded into 42 tonne capacity B-double trucks for haulage via a short 1 km new mine access road to an existing sealed road and then onto the Princes Highway to the SEFE (South East Fibre Exporters Pty Ltd) port south of Eden in southern NSW. The haulage is some 234 km and quotes have been obtained from haulage operators for input in the feasibility study.
SEFE have indicated that one of its two existing stockpile areas (Stockpile No2) at the port may be available for use by Eastern Iron. The stockpile area has its own reclaim system and feeds directly to the wharf conveyor and ship loader. Use of Stockpile No2 will require minimal capital cost with some minor upgrade to the conveyor transfer points and wind protection screens. SEFE have proposed to provide a “full service operation” including truck weighing and load management, stockpile
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management and shiploading. The two companies have established commercial terms for the use of the site which will require sign off from the Japanese owners of SEFE.
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Figure 2: Nowa Nowa Project – site layout
Capital Costs
The feasibility study has confirmed capital and operating estimates broadly in line with those previously quoted for the scoping study completed in late 2012 as follows:
Capital Cost Estimate
| Capital Cost Summary | A$ (millions) |
|---|---|
| Mine | $3.8M |
| ProcessingPlant | $11.3M |
| Site Works | $10.7M |
| Port | $0.7M |
| Owners Cost/Contingency/EPCM | $9.7M |
| Total | $36.1M |
Note: Working capital is not included. Contingency has been included at 10% of Capex.
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The capital cost shown in the table above has been estimated to an accuracy of +/- 15% and assumes all new equipment purchased. It also includes the capital cost of a processing plant which in the scoping study was assumed to be provided by a contractor.
Site works include the cost of a major water management system to ensure no discharge from the site during the life of the operation. This includes three water management dams around the site including an operations dam which will contain water from pit dewatering and runoff from the waste rock stockpile. It is anticipated that cost of this system can be reduced by better utilisation of waste rock from the initial pit development in dam construction.
Overall the Company expects the total capital cost to be reduced further by focussing on fit-forpurpose equipment and structures for the site facilities and a continued focus on reducing the cost of preliminary earthworks.
Operating Costs
The operating costs shown in the table are similar to those from the scoping study. Again the company is of the view that further reductions will be made through a process of detailed design prior to development. The mining cost is a large component of the site base operating costs and it is anticipated that with further optimisation of the mine layout and actual quotes from mining contractors this can be reduced.
Operating Cost Estimates
| A$ | |
|---|---|
| MiningCost | $4.42/t ore mined(waste and ore) |
| Processing | $3.78/t ROM oreprocessed |
| Admin | $3.36/t ore mined |
| Haulage and Port Costs | $39.4/t product |
| Total(FOB Eden) | $75.76/dry tonne exportproduct |
Note: Operating cost contingency is yet to be estimated.
Revenue
Revenue assumptions are based on the index price for iron ore less a discount for contained iron and contaminants. The formula has been provided by marketing consultant, Fundmax Pty Ltd and is based on extensive discussions with potential offtake groups. For the purpose of the feasibility study the product is assumed to achieve an FOB(Eden) price of US$88/t. The feasibility study has used an exchange rate of US$0.9 to the A$. It is anticipated that the sale price can be improved by delivering an enhanced +58% product which is the focus of the ongoing metallurgical optimisation program.
INVESTOR INFORMATION
Eastern Iron is investigating the potential for development of a high grade magnetite resource at Nowa Nowa in Eastern Victoria as well as a magnetite processing operation based on magnetite deposits it holds under permit in Central Queensland.
Further information, previous Eastern Iron announcements and exploration updates are available at the News and Reports tab on the Company’s website – www.easterniron.com.au
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Mr Greg De Ross Managing Director Mob: 0417 711 274
ASX: EFE
For enquiries on your shareholding or change of address please contact:
Boardroom Limited GPO Box 3993, Sydney NSW 2001, Phone: (02) 9290 9600
The information in this report that relates to Exploration Results is based on information compiled by Greg De Ross, BSc, who is a Fellow of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. Greg De Ross is Managing Director and a full-time employee of Eastern Iron Limited and has sufficient experience which is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity which he is undertaking to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of the “Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves”.
The information in this report that relates to Mineral Resources is based on information compiled by Rupert Osborn MSc BSc, who is a Member of the Australasian Institute of Geoscientists. Mr Osborn is a full-time employee of H&S Consultants Pty Ltd and has sufficient experience which is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity which he is undertaking to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of the “Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves”.
Both Messrs Osborn and De Ross consent to the inclusion in the report of the matters based on his information in the form and context in which it appears.
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JORC Code, 2012 Edition – Table 1 report for Nowa Nowa Project
Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data
| Criteria | Commentary |
|---|---|
| Sampling | Reverse circulation (RC) percussion drillholes were sampled over 2 metre downhole |
| techniques | depth intervals via a sealed collar dust diverter and cyclone. Diamond core was sampled nominally at 2 metre composite intervals at the |
| boundaries of lithological contacts. | |
| Both RC and diamond core drill samples were 3-4kg in weight and pulverised in the | |
| ALS Adelaide laboratory to produce a fused disk for ME-XRF21 spectrometry | |
| analysis. | |
| Diamond core from the 1950’s Victorian Geological Survey (GSV) drillholes was | |
| nominally sampled by the GSV at both 5ft and 10ft intervals at the boundaries of | |
| lithological contacts and is reported in Bell, 1959 GSV Bulletin 57. EFE considers that | |
| there are no detrimental issues in the sampling procedure with regard to the resource | |
| estimation. | |
| Drilling | RC percussion drillholes were drilled using a 5 ½ inch (140mm) RC face-sampling |
| techniques | buttoned drill bit. Diamond core drilling was drilled using triple-tube conventional wireline HQ (96mm) |
| and PQ (122.5mm) diameter techniques. | |
| All EFE drillholes were drilled vertically and consequently diamond core was not | |
| orientated. | |
| All GSV drillholes were drilled vertically using conventional NQ (47.5mm) diameter | |
| diamond drilling methods. There is no record of the core being oriented. | |
| Drill sample | The sample recovery for all the Eastern Iron Ltd (EFE) drillholes was excellent. RC |
| recovery | drillhole sample recovery was determined by visual inspection of 1metre bulk samples in the field by an experienced supervising geologist. All assay samples submitted as |
| two metre composites were weighed upon receipt at the laboratory. The consistency | |
| of these weights is monitored as part of Eastern Iron’s sample QAQC programme. | |
| Company protocol is that if any RC percussion drillhole returns less than 70% by | |
| volume of the drill cuttings over a 10metre interval, the drillhole will be re-drilled. | |
| Full core recovery was achieved in the EFE diamond drillholes except in minor | |
| instances where friable zones were intersected downhole resulting in core losses, | |
| typically occurring at the start of a new drill run. These losses were considered to be | |
| insignificant. | |
| Recovery rates of drill core from diamond drilling are closely monitored by the | |
| supervising geologist. Should the integrity of the drillhole or representivity of the | |
| sample become compromised, the drillhole is abandoned at the supervising | |
| geologist’s discretion. | |
| Recovery details for the GSV drillholes are not known. Historical geology logs do not | |
| document any significant core losses and EFE considers that there are no detrimental | |
| issues in this with regard to the resource estimation. | |
| Logging | All EFE drillholes have been geotechnically and geologically logged by an |
| experienced geologist for their entirety with a uniform set of company specific codes. | |
| Geological drillhole data is collected based on geological intervals as opposed to a | |
| metre interval basis. | |
| All data was digitally captured into purposed designed spreadsheet templates. All data | |
| is uploaded, validated and stored in the Eastern Iron company database. | |
| GSV drillholes were logged by Victorian government geologists. EFE has no | |
| knowledge of their qualifications or given levels of experience. As a result of twinning | |
| several of these drillholes,where there was excellent loggingcorrelation,EFE has |
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| Criteria | Commentary |
|---|---|
| assumed that the data from these drillholes is valid for the resource estimation. | |
| Sub-sampling | RC drillhole samples were split using a 75/25 riffle splitter mounted to the cyclone. A |
| techniques and sample |
3-4kg composite sub-sample was produced, with the split samples sent to ALS laboratories Brisbane and Perth for analysis. The bulk reject fraction of the sample was bagged and retained on site for storage. |
| preparation | Diamond core was cut using a core saw for composite sampling. Half-core for HQ |
| diameter drillholes and quarter-core PQ diameter drillholes were sampled | |
| respectively. The retained fraction of drill core has been securely stored and archived | |
| on site. | |
| Upon receipt at the lab, both EFE percussion rock chip and drill core samples were | |
| dried and crushed to a 70% passing at -6mm. The entire sample is then pulverised to | |
| an 85% passing at -75µm. | |
| Diamond core from the GSV drillholes was split using a core saw and half-core was | |
| composited for assay analysis. | |
| EFE have limited knowledge of the laboratory methods used for the GSV samples | |
| except as reported in Bell, 1959 GSV Bulletin 57 but it appears that samples were | |
| crushed, split and pulverised during their preparation. It is reasonable to assume that, | |
| as the samples were prepared by a certified independent laboratory, that industry-best | |
| analytical practices were employed at the time. As a result of twinning several of these | |
| holes, where there was excellent assay correlation, EFE has assumed that the data | |
| from these drillholes is valid. | |
| Quality of | EFE samples were assayed by ALS Global Laboratories Brisbane and Perth. |
| assay data and |
Assay samples were cast using a 12:22 flux to form a glass disk. The resultant disk is in turn analysed for the industry standard iron oxide suite of elements by XRF spectrometry. LOI values were determined using a thermogravimetric analyser |
| laboratory | system. |
| tests | EFE collected field duplicate samples at a ratio of 1 in 15 samples throughout all |
| drillholes. RC duplicate samples are taken in the field using a riffle splitter mounted | |
| onto the drill rigs cyclone. Diamond core duplicate samples are prepared by the laboratory every 15thcrushed sample and inserted sequentially into the sample |
|
| sequence for each drillhole. | |
| Duplicate samples were analysed by ALS Global and triplicate QAQC samples by | |
| Bureau Veritas Mineral Laboratories Perth. | |
| Certified reference materials are inserted nominally every 15thsample using | |
| internationally accredited standards. | |
| Blanks are inserted at regular intervals within each batch of RC drilling samples and | |
| one per diamond drillhole to verify the cleanliness of laboratory sample preparation | |
| machinery. | |
| Good reproducibility was obtained in the comparison of results from the umpire quality | |
| control programme. A minor high bias for total SiO2and Al2O3(~0.15%) and | |
| corresponding low bias for Fe (~0.15%) was present in the assay standards. These | |
| biases are considered insignificant. | |
| EFE have no knowledge on the method of chemical method used by the GSV for | |
| assay analysis but it is reasonable to assume that best-practice industry standards | |
| were used. | |
| Verification | Six of the historical GSV drillholes have been twinned by EFE drilling, comprising one |
| of sampling and assaying |
RC and five diamond drillholes. Twinned drillholes were used to verify the geological interpretation, confirm the assay tenor and to provide sample for metallurgical testwork. All drillhole data and assays are consistent with those from the earlier |
| independent GSV drilling. | |
| Data is captured in hardcopy format in the field before being transposed digitally into | |
| spreadsheets. Data entry self-audits are made routinely during this process. | |
| All data is validatedprior to and upon uploadingto the companydatabase by purpose |
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| Criteria | Commentary |
|---|---|
| built in-house software applications. EFE’s database is compatible for use with | |
| MapInfo and Micromine software applications. | |
| All EFE drillhole assay data was received from the laboratory in excel spreadsheet | |
| and pdf formats. | |
| Victorian Geological Survey data was obtained from historical reports and digitised | |
| manually, before being uploaded to the company database. | |
| Digital data for the project is stored on two separate remote computers as well as the | |
| Sydney office server which is backed up daily. | |
| Hard copies of drillhole & assay data, including report estimations, are kept secure in | |
| the Sydney office. | |
| Location of | EFE drillholes collar co-ordinates and elevations were located in the field using a |
| data points | handheld Garmin Map60 GPS, with an accuracy of +/- 3-5m. Following the completion of resource drilling, all drill collars were surveyed using a Trimble Differential GPS |
| system with an accuracy of +/- 0.5m. DGPS drill collar data has been incorporated | |
| into the company database and is used for the resource estimation. | |
| All data is georeferenced and projected through the Map Grid of Australia (MGA) 1994 | |
| geodatum within Zone 55. | |
| All GSV drillhole collars were surveyed and documented on a local grid. Drilled in the | |
| 1950’s, the location of these drill collars were reprojected and georeferenced into | |
| MGA 1994 using MapInfo software. The comparability of data between historical and | |
| current twinned drillholes is excellent. | |
| EFE has produced a digital terrain model (DTM) and surface contour map from | |
| accurate levelling data that was recorded by geophysical contractors who carried out | |
| an airborne LIDAR over the prospect for Eastern Iron. The accuracy of this survey is | |
| within +/- 0.5m. | |
| All EFE drillholes were vertical and as drillholes are relatively short (<150m), it is | |
| assumed that any deviation would be negligible and have minimal impact on the | |
| resource estimation. No downhole surveys of drillholes were carried out.. | |
| EFE is not aware of any downhole surveying on the vertical GSV drillholes and | |
| assumes any effect on the resource estimation is negligible. | |
| Data spacing | At the Five and Seven Mile prospects, nineteen and eight EFE drillholes were sited |
| and distribution |
on the main magnetic anomalies respectively. Staggered drill-centres were nominally spaced at 25 metres across east-west cross-sections and 25 metres between drill profiles. The drill layout was designed to provide the best possible integration and |
| validation of the historical GSV drillholes. | |
| At the Five Mile prospect, six of the previously drilled GSV drillholes were twinned by | |
| EFE drilling to confirm their results. | |
| EFE considers the density of drilling is sufficient to establish the degree of geological | |
| and grade continuity appropriate for the Mineral Resource Estimation and | |
| Classifications applied. Continuity of the mineralisation is strongly supported by the | |
| ground-based geophysical survey data. | |
| EFE RC and diamond core samples were composited nominally into 2 metre intervals | |
| for head assay analysis. | |
| Orientation of | The main body of mineralisation at Five Mile is almost horizontal. Drilling carried out |
| data in | by the GSV and subsequently by Eastern Iron was vertical to give close to true width intersections of the mineralisation. |
| relation to | |
| geological | |
| structure | |
| Sample | All EFE drilling samples were collected in securely tied calico mining bags. RC and |
| security | diamond samples were placed in clearly labelled polyweave and green plastic bags respectively, five at a time and secured with metal twist ties. Samples were |
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| Criteria | Commentary |
|---|---|
| transported, loaded onto pallets and despatched from a freight depot in Lakes | |
| Entrance to Adelaide for sample preparation. No samples were stored overnight in | |
| unsecured storage facilities. | |
| Company sample despatch documentation was verified against laboratory arrival | |
| documentation upon the receipt of samples to the facility to ensure all samples were | |
| received. | |
| Drill core was archived in plastic core trays on site - stacked, covered with lids and | |
| secured to pallets with metal strapping. | |
| RC percussion drilling chip trays, with representative geological material from each | |
| metre interval, are archived and securely stored in a lock-up facility on site. | |
| Drill core from the GSV drilling is stored in the departmental core store in Melbourne | |
| however it has been reported that there is little of the original core remaining. | |
| Audits or | Eastern Iron have not sought external audits or reviews of sampling techniques used |
| reviews | during the drilling campaigns. |
| EFE data capture protocol, sampling techniques and drilling datasets have been | |
| reviewed by H&S Consultants for the resource estimation. They have all been found | |
| to be satisfactory for the resource estimation. |
Section 2 Reporting of Exploration Results
| Criteria | Commentary |
|---|---|
| Mineral | The Five and Seven Mile Resources are contained within the Victorian EL4509. |
| tenement and land tenure status |
EL4509 was granted on August 23rd2006 over 95 graticule units for a period of 5 years. Renewal of EL4509 over an area of 50units for three years until August 22nd 2014 was completed in November 2011. Transfer of the licence from Waygara Mines Pty Ltd to Eastern Iron Ltd was completed on February 2nd2012. |
| EL4509 is located within the Crown Land of the Colquhoun State Forest. No access | |
| agreements with landholder are required, however, notification and approval of | |
| proposed exploration activities is sought from the Department of State Development, | |
| Business and Innovation. | |
| EFE recognises the GurnaiKurnai people as the traditional custodians of the land | |
| situated on and immediately surrounding EL4509 and they are the Registered | |
| Aboriginal Party. A Project consent Deed was negotiated with the GunaiKurnai and | |
| has been assigned to EFE. All cultural heritage requirements have been met. | |
| Exploration | Previous exploration at the Nowa Nowa Project was carried out by the Victorian |
| done by other | Geological Survey (GSV), Pickhands Mather, Australian Coal & Gold and by Gulf Mines Ltd. |
| parties | To the best of EFE’s knowledge this exploration that led to the discovery of the Nowa |
| Nowa deposit was conducted in a professional manner using recognised and widely | |
| accepted exploration and mining industry standards employed at that time. | |
| Historical reports and results of the GSV exploration and previous explorers are | |
| available on open file in the Department of Primary Resources database. | |
| Geology | The Nowa Nowa Project is situated in the Lachlan Orogen, which extends from |
| eastern Tasmania, through central and eastern Victoria, into New South Wales and | |
| Queensland. | |
| The Silurian Yalmy Group and Devonian Snowy River Volcanics host the Nowa Nowa | |
| iron ore mineralisation. They are considered to be replacement deposits of the Iron | |
| Ore Copper Gold (IOCG) style of mineralisation. | |
| The mineralisation is characterised by massive magnetite-hematite with lesser | |
| chlorite,talc/carbonates, pyrite, quartz and chalcopyrite. |
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| Criteria | Commentary |
|---|---|
| Mineralisation at the Five Mile prospect occurs in a zone that is up to 500m in length, | |
| 150m in width and 100m in thickness. At the Seven Mile prospect, mineralisation | |
| occurs in a discrete zone approximately 100m in length, 50m in width and up to 65m | |
| in thickness. | |
| Drill hole | A tabulation of the drillhole information was presented in the_Nowa Nowa Resource_ |
| Information | _Upgrade_announcement to the ASX on 12/06/2013. No additional exploration results have since been reported. |
| Data | A lower cut-off grade of 40% Fe has been used in the resource estimate for the Five |
| aggregation | and Seven Mile deposits. No top cuts have been applied. |
| methods | |
| Relationship | Iron mineralisation at the Five Mile prospect replaces sediments and volcanic units |
| between mineralisatio |
which appear to be sub-horizontal or dip moderately to the southeast. Drillholes are drilled vertically and are assumed to be close to the true width intersection of the mineralisation. The geometry and attitude of the mineralisation is well constrained by |
| n widths and | close-spaced drilling which has also defined a bounding fault on the western side of |
| intercept lengths |
the mineralisation. Mineralisation at Seven Mile is constrained by the current extents of drilling information. |
| Diagrams | Diagrams and schematics of the drilling information were presented in the_Nowa_ |
| _Nowa Resource Upgrade_announcement to the ASX on 12/06/2013. | |
| Balanced | All exploration results are reported. |
| reporting | |
| Other | Ground magnetic surveys have clearly defined the limits of mineralisation at Five Mile |
| substantive | and are used to guide drillhole targeting. |
| exploration | A ground magnetics survey was conducted by Gulf Mines in 2008, using two Geometrics 856 magnetometers. Lines were run east - west with a 100m line-spacing |
| data | between traverses. Infill lines at 50m spacing were used over the strongest anomalies |
| at the Five and Seven Mile prospects. Measurements were recorded every five | |
| metres along each profile. Computer modelling and reporting of the ground magnetics | |
| dataset was conducted by geophysical consultant Steve Webster. A single tabular | |
| body was modelled to simulate the main anomaly at Five Mile. Strong magnetic field | |
| gradients at Seven Mile resulted in a complex modelled anomaly. | |
| Geophysical consultants Planetary Geophysics were contracted by Gulf Mines in | |
| 2009 to conduct a gravity survey at the Nowa Nowa Project. Carried out using a | |
| LaCoste & Romberg Model-G gravity meter, a total of 210 stations were recorded. | |
| Computer modelling and reporting of the gravity dataset was conducted by | |
| geophysical consultant Steve Webster. The gravity models display an excellent fit with | |
| the observed data and are in agreement with the known geology and magnetic data | |
| acquired in the area. | |
| Metallurgical testwork has been carried out investigating appropriate methods of | |
| beneficiating the iron mineralisation. | |
| Further work | Further work at the Nowa Nowa Project is dependent on the results of the feasibility |
| study currently being undertaken by EFE and in consideration of other commercial | |
| aspects. |
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Section 3 Estimation and Reporting of Mineral Resources
| Criteria | Commentary |
|---|---|
| Database | Limited validation was conducted by H&S Consultants to ensure drillhole database is |
| integrity | internally consistent. Validation included checking that no assays, density measurements or geological logs occur beyond the end of hole and that all drilled |
| intervals have been geologically logged. The minimum and maximum values of | |
| assays and density measurements were checked to ensure values are within | |
| expected ranges. | |
| H&S Consultants has not performed detailed database validation and Eastern Iron | |
| personnel take responsibility for the accuracy and reliability of the data used to | |
| estimate the Mineral Resources. | |
| Site visits | Site visits have been carried out by G De Ross and C Hosie both employees of |
| Eastern Iron and Competent Persons for the reporting of exploration results. | |
| No site visit has been undertaken by Rupert Osborn of H&S Consultants, Competent | |
| Person for the reporting of the resource estimate due to time and cost constraints. | |
| Geological | Lithological units were identified with the use of geological logs from drillholes. The |
| interpretation | geological model of the Five Mile deposit is reasonably simple and integral to the resource estimation procedure with the Fe mineralisation interpreted to be replacing |
| the limestone unit. It is however complicated by the presence of at least two faults that | |
| truncate mineralisation to the west and south of the deposit. The eastern edge of | |
| mineralisation, where it is in contact with unmineralised limestone, is assumed to be | |
| irregular and gradational. The geometry of sedimentary units and mineralisation in the | |
| northern part of Five mile is variable between sections and has therefore been | |
| classified at a lower confidence level. It is possible that unidentified faults or folds may | |
| occur in this region. | |
| At Seven Mile the link between the mineralisation and the limestone unit is less | |
| convincing and mineralisation appears to be replacing volcanics. The geometry of the | |
| mineralisation is also not entirely clear although estimated resources are confined | |
| almost entirely to volumes within the bounds of drill tested material. | |
| Although other interpretations are possible, the effect of alternative interpretations is | |
| unlikely to unduly alter the global resource estimates. The wireframes constraining | |
| mineralisation, external waste, and, in the case of Five Mile, the limestone unit, were | |
| used to define assays used for estimation of blocks in corresponding units. | |
| A base of oxidation surface was constructed from the geological logs. The densities of | |
| blocks above this surface, which are derived from the estimated iron grades, were | |
| reduced by 7%. | |
| Dimensions | Dimensions of the estimated resources of Five Mile at a lower cut-off grade of 40% Fe |
| are 160 to 620 m long and 7.5 to 210 m wide. The thickness of the mineralisation | |
| ranges from 2.5 to 110 m. Average dimensions are around 500 m long, 120 m wide | |
| and 40 m thick. The depth below surface to the upper limit of the resource varies from | |
| 2.5 to 140 m and the lower limit of the resource varies in depth from 65 to 200 m. | |
| Mineralisation remains open and currently untested to the east, north and south due | |
| to access restrictions for drilling equipment. | |
| Dimensions of the estimated resources of Seven Mile at a lower cut-off of 40% Fe are | |
| 90 m long and 7.5 to 80 m wide. The thickness of the mineralisation ranges from 15 to | |
| 70 m. Average dimensions are around 70 m long, 65 m wide and 30 m thick. The | |
| depth below surface to the upper limit of the resource varies from 0 to 22 m and the | |
| lower limit of the resource varies in depth from 15 to 75 m. Mineralisation currently | |
| remains open in all directions until further drilling is completed at the Seven Mile | |
| prospect. | |
| Estimation | The resources at Nowa Nowa were estimated using Ordinary Kriging in the Micromine |
| and | software. H&S Consultants considers Oridinary Kriging to be an appropriate estimation technique for the type of mineralisation and extent of data available at |
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| Criteria | Commentary |
|---|---|
| modelling | Nowa Nowa. At Five Mile the mineralisation is interpreted to occur as a replacement |
| techniques | of the limestone unit. Wireframes representing the mineralised and limestone units were created. At Seven Mile a wireframe was created to represent the extents of |
| mineralisation. | |
| No check estimates were conducted in this round of estimation. H&S Consultants | |
| estimated the resources of Five Mile in August 2012 and the resources of both Five | |
| Mile and Seven Mile were estimated in February 2012. The resource estimates are | |
| consistent with previous estimates but a slight reduction in tonnes at a lower cut-off of | |
| 40% Fe has occurred due to the drilling of several new holes altering the interpreted | |
| location of a fault. | |
| Concentrations of Fe, SiO2, Al2O3, P, S and Cu were included in the resource | |
| estimation. No assumptions were made regarding the recovery of by-products as | |
| estimated grades are unlikely to result in economic by-products. | |
| Block dimensions at both Five Mile and Seven Mile deposits are 10 x 10 x 5 m (E, N, | |
| RL respectively). Both deposits have been drilled on an irregular nominal grid of | |
| around 25 x 25 m. The average sample interval is two metres. Three progressively | |
| larger estimation search passes were employed, the first with radii of 40 x 40 x 15 m, | |
| the second with 60 x 60 x 20 m and the final pass with radii 90 x 90 x 30 m (along | |
| strike, down dip and across mineralisation respectively). Pass one used a four sector | |
| search requiring a minimum of 16 composites from at least three drill holes. Pass two | |
| used a four sector search requiring a minimum of 8 composites from at least two drill | |
| holes. Pass three used a two sector search requiring a minimum of 8 composites from | |
| at least one drill hole. Each pass used a maximum of 32 composites for estimation. | |
| Each element was estimated separately by Ordinary Kriging. A small percentage of | |
| the blocks were estimated for Fe grade but not the other elements as more intervals | |
| have been assayed for Fe. The SiO2and Al2O3grades for these blocks were derived | |
| from the estimated Fe grade using regressions based on the negative correlations | |
| found between Fe and SiO2or Al2O3grades. No significant correlation was found to | |
| occur between Fe and P, S or Cu grades. Blocks estimated for Fe that were not | |
| estimated for either P, S or Cu were therefore assigned average grades for the | |
| particular domain (mineralised, limestone or external waste). | |
| At Five Mile, assays from both the mineralised unit and the limestone unit were used | |
| to estimate blocks inside the mineralised wireframe. Assays from the limestone unit | |
| (only) were used to estimate blocks in the limestone wireframe and assays outside the | |
| wireframes (only) were used to estimate blocks outside the wireframes. | |
| At Seven Mile, the wireframe representing mineralisation was used as a hard | |
| boundary to estimate corresponding blocks. | |
| No top cutting was applied as extreme values were not significant. | |
| The block model was validated visually against drill hole data and compared against | |
| block models produced from previous resource estimates. | |
| Moisture | Tonnages of the Mineral Resource are estimated on a dry weight basis. |
| Cut-off | The lower cut-off of 40% Fe was used to maximise average grade and minimise |
| parameters | internal waste. |
| Mining | The Nowa Nowa deposits were estimated on the assumption that the material will be |
| factors or assumptions |
mined by open cut methods. Minimum mining dimensions are envisioned to be around 5 x 5 x 5 m (E, N, RL respectively). The resource estimation includes internal mining dilution. |
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| Criteria | Commentary |
|---|---|
| Metallurgical | Metallurgical testwork completed so far including dry and wet LIMS has shown that |
| factors or assumptions |
the Nowa Nowa iron mineralisation is amenable to a range of magnetic separation and beneficiation techniques to produce an upgraded and saleable iron ore product. Levels of deleterious elements SiO2 and S are relatively high but can probably be |
| reduced to acceptable levels during beneficiation. | |
| Environmen- | During beneficiation the non-magnetic tailings are enriched in sulphur with respect to |
| tal factors or assumptions |
the ore and magnetic product. These tailings may be further processed to recover sulphide concentrate and hematite however the sulphide bearing tailings are potentially acid generating and if they remain on site they will need to be stored in an |
| appropriately designed tailings storage facility (TSF). | |
| Bulk density | The density of the rock was measured for eight drill holes in Five Mile and one drill |
| hole at Seven Mile. Density measurements were made, on average, every 1.6 m | |
| down hole on pieces of core averaging 25 cm in length. Efforts were made at the time | |
| of sample selection to ensure sample representivity and the high frequency of | |
| sampling reduces the impact of potential local biases. Core was air dried prior to | |
| weighing and the volume was measured using calipers to measure the length and | |
| diameter at three different locations for each sample. This technique takes into | |
| account void spaces. The fact that the samples were not oven dried prior to weighing | |
| may have the effect of overstating the density but the effect of this is likely to be | |
| negligible. | |
| The measured densities were compared against Fe assays and a regression | |
| calculated. The assay interval averages 2 m whereas density samples average | |
| around 25 cm in length so it was assumed that the density samples are representative | |
| of the assayed interval. The densities of the block models were then calculated using | |
| the estimated Fe grade and the regression between Fe grade and density. The | |
| densities of blocks above the base of oxidation surface were reduced by 7% following | |
| assessment of the relative densities of weathered rock from Nowa Nowa. | |
| Classification | The Mineral Resource estimates at Five Mile deposit have been classified according |
| to the search pass so that blocks populated in pass one are classified as Measured, | |
| blocks populated in pass two have been classified as Indicated and blocks populated | |
| in pass three are classified as Inferred. The resources in the northern part of Five Mile | |
| and the entire Seven Mile deposit are classified as Inferred due uncertainties in the | |
| geometry of mineralisation. | |
| H&S Consultants believes the confidence in tonnage and grade estimates, the | |
| continuity of geology and grade, and the distribution of the data reflect the Measured, | |
| Indicated and Inferred categorisation. The estimates appropriately reflect the | |
| Competent Person’s view of the deposit. H&S Consultants has not assessed the | |
| reliability of input data and Eastern Iron personnel take responsibility for the accuracy | |
| and reliability of the data used to estimate the Mineral Resources. | |
| Audits or | The estimation procedure was reviewed as part of an internal H&S Consultants peer |
| reviews | review and the block model was reviewed visually by Eastern Iron geologists. No audits of the Mineral Resource estimates have been completed. |
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| Criteria | Commentary |
|---|---|
| Discussion of | No statistical or geostatistical procedures were used to quantify the relative accuracy |
| relative accuracy/ |
of the resource. The global Mineral Resource estimates of the Five Mile and Seven Mile deposits are moderately sensitive to the cut-off grade applied. The cut-off grade applied makes tentative assumptions on the relative amounts of magnetic and non- |
| confidence | magnetically recoverable Fe and may change following metallurgical and/or Davis |
| Tube test work. The grades of the concentrate produced from any form of | |
| beneficiation have not been estimated as this data has not yet been produced. The | |
| global Mineral Resource estimates may also be inaccurate due to local uncertainties | |
| in the exact locations of the boundaries of mineralisation (+/-~10 m). Several of the | |
| boundaries are interpreted to be fault surfaces, the locations of which are moderately | |
| well defined. Additional drilling may alter the geometries of these fault surfaces. | |
| No production data is available for comparison to the resource estimate |
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