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DUKETON MINING LIMITED — Capital/Financing Update 2021
Mar 3, 2021
64774_rns_2021-03-03_579beb81-2a09-466c-b999-effe55f36ccc.pdf
Capital/Financing Update
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ASX Announcement
4[th] March 2021
Increase to Nickel Equivalent Grade – Rosie Resource
HIGHLIGHTS
Rosie Project (100% DKM)
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Rosie Nickel Resource increases to 2.56 Mt @ 3.14% NiEq
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Which equates to 49,100 tonnes contained nickel, 10,600 tonnes contained copper and 205,000 ounces of contained PGEs
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66% of the Rosie Mineral Resource is in the Indicated category
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Total combined JORC resource for Rosie & C2 is 87,100 nickel tonnes, 12,900 copper tonnes and 231,500 ounces PGE’s
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Mineralisation remains open in all directions
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Updated Rosie Mineral Resource Estimate completed using January Spot Prices
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The updated NiEq number from this resource will be iterated through the mining model used in the Scoping Study, due for completion in Q1, 2021
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Planning underway for a drill program at Rosie to further expand Rosie resource and infill where required
Duketon Mining Ltd (DKM) is pleased to announce an update to the JORC 2012 Indicated and Inferred Mineral Resource Estimate (MRE) for the Rosie Nickel Deposit in the Duketon Belt, 120km north of Laverton. This update is recalculated using the January spot prices and reflects the increase in commodity prices since the previous resource update (see ASX announcement 3 August 2020). The previous model had used conservative long term forecast price compiled from several publicly available sources.
Duketon Mining Limited ACN 159 084 107 Level 2 45 Richardson Street West Perth WA 6005 T: +61(0) 8 6315 1490
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The Indicated and Inferred Mineral Resource Estimate for Rosie of 2.56 million tonnes at 3.14% nickel equivalent is reported in accordance with the 2012 JORC Code. The resource estimate is reported at >1% NiEq. Over 66% of the Resource has been classified as Indicated and the mineralisation is open in all directions.
The Mineral Resource contained metal stands at 49,100 tonnes of nickel, 10,600 tonnes of copper, 1,400 tonnes of cobalt and over 205,000 oz of total PGEs (Table 3).
Table 1: Rosie Mineral Resource Statement (February 2021) >1.0% NiEq
| Resource Category | Tonnes (kt) | Ni% | NiEq_%(1) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Indicated Inferred TOTAL |
1,707 850 2,557 |
2.01 1.74 1.92 |
3.21 3.01 3.14 |
(1) Assumptions for the nickel equivalent are: Prices (in USD) $8.00/lb Ni, $3.65/lb Cu, $15.30/lb Co, $1,100/oz Pt, $2,300/oz Pd and $15,500/oz Rh. Recovery assumptions from metallurgical test work are: Pentlandite domain 96.9% Ni, 99.5% Cu, 95.1% Co, 78.2% Pt, 97.6% Pd and 83.4% Rh. Violarite domain 88.7% Ni, 94.5% Cu, 88.5% Co, 57.6% Pt, 87.3% Pd and 64.8% Rh.
The resource includes a reportable nickel equivalent number based on metallurgical work completed to determine recoveries (see ASX announcement 8[th] July 2020 & 10[th] July 2020). It is the opinion of DKM that all the elements included in the metal equivalents calculation have a reasonable potential to be recovered and sold.
Rosie and C2
The total JORC compliant nickel resource for the Bulge Area (Rosie & C2) now stands at 87,100 tonnes of nickel, 12,900 tonnes of copper and 231,500 ounces of PGE’s (Tables 2-6). There is a scoping study underway looking at the Rosie mineral resource as a standalone mining operation due for completion in March 2021.
Duketon Mining Limited ACN 159 084 107 Level 2 45 Richardson Street West Perth WA 6005 T: +61(0) 8 6315 1490
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Table 2: Rosie Mineral Resource Grade
| Rosie Nickel Resource >1% NiEq | Rosie Nickel Resource >1% NiEq | Rosie Nickel Resource >1% NiEq | Rosie Nickel Resource >1% NiEq | Rosie Nickel Resource >1% NiEq | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Classification | Sulphide | Tonnes | Ni (%) |
Cu (%) |
Co (ppm) |
Total PGEs (g/t) |
NiEq (%) |
| Indicated | Pentlandite | 960,893 | 2.3 | 0.41 | 610 | 2.6 | 3.60 |
| Violarite | 745,813 | 1.7 | 0.36 | 490 | 2.5 | 2.70 | |
| Sub-Total | 1,706,706 | 2.0 | 0.39 | 560 | 2.5 | 3.21 | |
| Inferred | Pentlandite | 751,559 | 1.8 | 0.47 | 570 | 2.5 | 3.08 |
| Violarite | 98,676 | 1.5 | 0.43 | 460 | 2.2 | 2.51 | |
| Sub-Total | 850,234 | 1.7 | 0.47 | 560 | 2.5 | 3.01 | |
| Total | All | 2,556,940 | 1.9 | 0.42 | 560 | 2.5 | 3.14 |
Table 3: Rosie Mineral Resource Contained Metal
| Contained Metal | Contained Metal | Contained Metal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Classification | **Ore Type ** | Ni(t) | Cu(t) | Co(t) | Total PGEs(oz) |
| Indicated | Pentlandite | 21,973 | 3,987 | 588 | 79,041 |
| Violarite | 12,336 | 2,679 | 363 | 59,014 | |
| Sub-Total | 34,309 | 6,666 | 951 | 138,056 | |
| Inferred | Pentlandite | 13,354 | 3,537 | 428 | 60,331 |
| Violarite | 1,452 | 421 | 45 | 6,937 | |
| Sub-Total | 14,806 | 3,958 | 473 | 67,268 | |
| Total | 49,115 | 10,624 | 1,423 | 205,324 |
The following equations were used to calculate nickel equivalent – Cu and Co measured in ppm and PGEs measured in ppb – all converted to percentages for NiEq calculation:
Pentlandite domain: NiEq = Ni% +(Cu% * 0.995 (3.65/8)) + (Co% * 0.951 (15.3/8)) + (Pt% * 0.976 * (1100 14.583/8)) + (Pd% * 0.976 * (2300 * 14.583/8)) + (Rh% * 0.834 (15500 * 14.583/8))
Violarite domain: NiEq = Ni% +(Cu% * 0.945 (3.65/8)) + (Co% * 0.885 (15.3/8)) + (Pt% * 0.576 * (1100 14.583/8)) + (Pd% * 0.873 * (2300 * 14.583/8)) + (Rh% * 0.648 (15500 * 14.583/8)) where 14.583 is the amount of troy ounces per pound.
Duketon Mining Limited ACN 159 084 107 Level 2 45 Richardson Street West Perth WA 6005 T: +61(0) 8 6315 1490
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Table 4: C2 Nickel Resource > 0.5% Ni (see ASX Announcement 29 January 2015)
| C2 Nickel Resource >0.5%Ni | C2 Nickel Resource >0.5%Ni | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Classification | Oxidation | Tonnes | Ni (%) | Ni (t) |
| Inferred | Fresh | 5,100,000 | 0.7 | 34,200 |
| Transitional | 600,000 | 0.6 | 3,800 | |
| Total | 5,700,000 | 0.7 | 38,000 |
Table 5: C2 Resource > 0.5% Ni with Auxiliary Attributes (see ASX Announcement 29 January 2015)
| C2 Nickel Resource >0.5%Ni | C2 Nickel Resource >0.5%Ni | C2 Nickel Resource >0.5%Ni | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Classification | Oxidation | Tonnes | Ni (%) | Cu (%) | Pt (ppb) | Pd (ppb) | S (%) |
| Inferred | Fresh | 5,100,000 | 0.7 | 0.04 | 60 | 79 | 3.3 |
| Transitional | 600,000 | 0.6 | 0.04 | 72 | 105 | 0.9 | |
| Total | 5,700,000 | 0.7 | 0.04 | 61 | 82 | 3.1 |
Table 6: Combined Metal Inventory, The Bulge Area
| Deposit | Ni tonnes |
Cu tonnes |
PGE oz |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rosie | 49,115 | 10,624 | 205,324 |
| C2 | 38,000 | 2,280 | 26,206 |
| TOTAL | 87,115 | 12,904 | 231,530 |
Duketon Mining Limited ACN 159 084 107 Level 2 45 Richardson Street West Perth WA 6005 T: +61(0) 8 6315 1490
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Figure 1: Plan of DKM Tenements showing Ultramafic, Nickel Resources and Prospects
Duketon Mining Limited ACN 159 084 107 Level 2 45 Richardson Street West Perth WA 6005 T: +61(0) 8 6315 1490
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Figure 2: Plan of The Bulge Complex
Duketon Mining Limited ACN 159 084 107 Level 2 45 Richardson Street West Perth WA 6005 T: +61(0) 8 6315 1490
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Figure 3: Rosie Cross Section, looking NW
Duketon Mining Limited ACN 159 084 107 Level 2 45 Richardson Street West Perth WA 6005 T: +61(0) 8 6315 1490
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Figure 4: Rosie Long section, looking NE
Duketon Mining Limited ACN 159 084 107 Level 2 45 Richardson Street West Perth WA 6005 T: +61(0) 8 6315 1490
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Rosie Technical Summary – Mineral Resource Estimation and Data
The updated Rosie Nickel Mineral Resource was estimated by independent consultants from Cube Consulting Pty Ltd.
Geology and Geological Interpretation
The Rosie Nickel Deposit is located within the Duketon Greenstone Belt, approximately 120km north of Laverton in Western Australia. The host unit of the nickel sulphide mineralisation is locally termed the Bulge Ultramafic Complex, this can be traced over 10km of strike and is also host to the C2 disseminated Nickel Sulphide Deposit (5.7Mt @ 0.7% Ni for 38,000 Ni tonnes) (Tables 4- 5).
The Bulge Ultramafic Complex has been a focus for nickel exploration for a number of workers over the last ten years, most significantly at the Rosie Prospect by Independence Group NL. During this time, a JORC 2004 compliant resource of 1.9Mt @ 1.7% Ni (32,700 Ni t), 0.38% Cu and 1.9 g/t Pt + Pd was defined (see ASX announcement 24[th] July 2014).
The Rosie deposit is a komatiite-hosted nickel sulphide deposit. The mineralisation is characterised by accumulations of massive, matrix, breccia and disseminated Ni-Cu-PGE magmatic sulphides at the basal contact of a komatiite ultramafic rock, overlying a mafic pillow basalt footwall +/- fine grained siltstone sediments which also contain sulphides in varying amounts. The deposit has been drilled with a combination of Aircore, RC and Diamond drilling (NQ2) from surface to a vertical depth of approximately 600m over a strike length of ~1500m, however mineralisation has been intersected over a strike length of ~1km.
Duketon Mining Ltd discovered a second prospect within The Bulge called Nariz in 2014. The best intercept at Nariz to date is 5.65m @ 7.1% Ni, 0.5% copper and 3.8 g/t Pt + Pd within massive sulphides in hole DKMD0005 (see ASX announcement 2[nd] December 2014). Subsequent drilling returned a further intercept of 3.7m @ 2.04% Ni, 0.5% Cu and 1.9 g/t Pt + Pd (see ASX announcement 15[th] January 2015).
Further drilling at Nariz has intersected significant areas of disseminated, blebby and stringer nickel bearing sulphide but is yet to produce an interval as significant as that encountered in DKMD-0005.
Duketon Mining Limited ACN 159 084 107 Level 2 45 Richardson Street West Perth WA 6005 T: +61(0) 8 6315 1490
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Drilling Techniques
The Rosie/Nariz deposit has been drilled by a combination of diamond and RC drilling. The majority of drilling has been NQ2 diamond drilling. A total of 82 drillholes have intersected the contact mineralised surface and were used in this resource estimate.
Sampling and Subsampling Techniques
RC drillholes were sampled initially as 4m composites and subsequently 1m samples using a riffle splitter. Diamond core was sampled as half core across the mineralised intervals with a 5m buffer either side. Samples were generally 1m in length however can be less than 20cm in places based on geology and mineralisation.
Sample Analysis Method
All samples were analysed at Bureau Veritas in Canning Vale, WA. Samples were dried, split then pulverised to 90% passing 75um. A sub-sample was digested by 4-acid and analysed by ICP-OES for Ag, As, Bi, Co, Cr, Cu, Me, Mg, Ni, S, Ti and Zn. A 40g sub-sample was analysed for Au, Pt and Pd using a Fire Assay Charge with ICP-OES finish. High sulphide content diamond core samples were also analysed for the full suite of Platinum Group Elements (Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Os and Ir) using the Fire Assay Nickel Sulphide Collection – a 25g charge with ICP-MS finish, to 1ppb detection limit.
Estimation Methodology
Estimates for nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), gold (Au), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), sulphur (S), iridium (Ir), osmium (Os), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru) and density (‘SG’) were made using ordinary kriging (OK) via a two-dimensional (2D) estimation methodology. The 2D method utilises full-seam grade composites multiplied by horizontal thickness and density to create an additive variable known as an ‘accumulation’.
Kriging is then run in the 2D plane for the thickness, ‘tonnage’ (thickness x density) and grade accumulation variables. Grades are calculated by dividing the estimated accumulation by the estimated tonnage, and density is derived by dividing the estimated tonnage by the estimated thickness. These estimated variables were then translated back into the original 3D space.
Duketon Mining Limited ACN 159 084 107 Level 2 45 Richardson Street West Perth WA 6005 T: +61(0) 8 6315 1490
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Cut Off Grade
Cut-off grade for reporting is 1% NiEq. The cut-off grade of 1% NiEq represents a stratigraphic cutoff as all of the material within the contact sulphide domain is above this cut-off.
Prospects for Economic Extraction
The grade and geometry of the Rosie nickel deposit is amenable to small scale underground mining, like many “Kambalda-style” nickel deposits. The deposit is located on a mining lease. There is no apparent reason the Rosie nickel deposit could not be mined, but a desktop mining and processing study needs to be completed.
Mining Methods and Parameters
Grades and geometry are amenable to small-scale underground mining, like many ‘Kambaldastyle’ nickel deposits. Given the narrow width of the basal contact zone (average 2 – 3m thickness), some mining dilution would occur.
Metallurgical Methods and Parameters
Metallurgical testwork was completed on two composite samples, representing both the massive (pentlandite dominant) and upper (violarite dominant) domain. Samples were assessed by flotation to determine the possibility of recovering nickel and copper to concentrates at a saleable grade and to determine the deportment of platinum group elements prevalent in the ore. Sixteen (16) flotation tests were conducted, nine on the massive sample and seven on the upper. Separate saleable nickel concentrates and or bulk copper nickel concentrates can be generated in a conventional flotation circuit.
Resource Classification Criteria
Indicated Mineral Resource has a drill spacing of 50 mN x 50 mRL or closer, and search pass 1 in violarite and pentlandite sulphide domains.
Inferred Mineral Resource has a drill spacing greater than 50 mN x 50 mRL, less than 100 mN x 100 mRL, and search passes 1 or 2 in violarite and pentlandite sulphide domains.
Not Classified – oxide domain.
Duketon Mining Limited ACN 159 084 107 Level 2 45 Richardson Street West Perth WA 6005 T: +61(0) 8 6315 1490
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Authorised for release by:
Stuart Fogarty Duketon Mining Limited - Managing Director +61 8 6315 1490
The information in this report that relates to Mineral Resources for the Rosie Nickel Deposit is based on, and fairly represents, information and supporting documentation prepared by Mr Michael Job who is a Fellow of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. At the time that the Mineral Resources were compiled, Mr Job was a full-time employee of Cube Consulting Pty Ltd, an independent mining consultancy. Mr Job has sufficient experience which is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity which he is undertaking to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 edition of the ‘Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves’. Mr Job has provided his written consent to the inclusion in the report of the matters based on his information in the form and context in which it appears.
PREVIOUSLY REPORTED INFORMATION
The information in the announcement that relates to Mineral Resources for the C2 resource is extracted from the Company’s ASX announcement dated 29[th] January 2015 and is available to view on the Company’s website (www.duketonmining.com.au). The Company confirms that it is not aware of any new information or data that materially affects the information included in the original market announcement and that all material assumptions and technical parameters underpinning the estimates in the relevant market announcement continue to apply and have not materially changed. The Company confirms that the form and context in which the Competent Person’s findings are presented have not been materially modified from the original market announcement.
This report includes information that relates to exploration results which were prepared and first disclosed under the JORC Code 2012. The information was extracted from the Company’s previous ASX announcements as follows:
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3 August 2020.
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11[th] February 2020.
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15[th] January 2015.
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2[nd] December 2014.
The Company confirms that it is not aware of any new information or data that materially affects the information included in the original market announcements. The Company confirms that the form and context in which any Competent Person’s findings are presented have not been materially modified from the original market announcements.
Duketon Mining Limited ACN 159 084 107 Level 2 45 Richardson Street West Perth WA 6005 T: +61(0) 8 6315 1490
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JORC Table 1
JORC Code, 2012 Edition – Table 1 report – Duketon Project
Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data – Rosie MRE 2021
(Criteria in this section apply to all succeeding sections.)
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Sampling | • Nature and quality of sampling (eg cut channels, random chips, or | • RC drillholes have been sampled initially as 4m composites, and subsequently 1m |
| techniques | specific specialised industry standard measurement tools appropriate | samples. RC 1m samples were split with a riffle splitter into calico bags where |
| to the minerals under investigation, such as down hole gamma | mineralisation has been encountered. | |
| sondes, or handheld XRF instruments, etc). These examples should not be taken as limiting the broad meaning of sampling. • Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample representivity and the appropriate calibration of any measurement tools or systems used. • Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are Material to the Public Report. |
• Diamond core (NQ2) has been sampled as half core in areas of mineralisation with a 5m buffer sampled at either side of the mineralised zone. The samples are generally 1m intervals, however they can be less than 20cm in places based on geology and mineralisation styles. Geological boundaries are deemed sample boundaries, in order to gain multi-element analysis of the complete suite of rock-types observed, and not to contaminate one rock type with another, and/or mineralisation. |
|
| • In cases where ‘industry standard’ work has been done this would be | ||
| relatively simple (eg ‘reverse circulation drilling was used to obtain 1 | ||
| m samples from which 3 kg was pulverised to produce a 30 g charge | ||
| for fire assay’). In other cases more explanation may be required, | ||
| such as where there is coarse gold that has inherent sampling | ||
| problems. Unusual commodities or mineralisation types (eg | ||
| submarine nodules) may warrant disclosure of detailed information. | ||
| Drilling | • Drill type (eg core, reverse circulation, open-hole hammer, rotary air | • The Rosie/Nariz deposit has been drilled with a combination of Aircore, RC and |
| techniques | blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and details (eg core diameter, triple | Diamond drilling (NQ2). The primary method of drilling has been oriented diamond |
| or standard tube, depth of diamond tails, face-sampling bit or other | core (NQ2) using the Ace and EziMark orientation tools from surface to a vertical | |
| type, whether core is oriented and if so, by what method, etc). | depth of approximately 600m over a strike length of ~1,500m, however mineralisation | |
| has been intersected over a strike length of ~1km and is still open to the east and | ||
| down-dip. |
Duketon Mining Limited ACN 159 084 107 Level 2 45 Richardson Street West Perth WA 6005 T: +61(0) 8 6315 1490
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Drill sample | • Method of recording and assessing core and chip sample recoveries | • The majority of the resource drilling to date has been diamond core and sample quality |
| recovery | and results assessed. | on the whole was excellent. Wet samples have been recorded for RC drilling, however |
| • Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and ensure | the wet samples were not used in the resource estimate. At Rosie, RC sample weights | |
| representative nature of the samples. | (total for 1m) were noticeably variable through each 6m rod run, tending to increase | |
| • Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery and grade and whether sample bias may have occurred due to preferential loss/gain of fine/coarse material. |
with penetration depth per rod. In addition, individual sample weights per 1m drilled also varied considerably. The cone splitter was swapped for a riffle splitter which alleviated some of the blockage and contamination issues seen in the cone split samples. An area of concern was that there might be a grade/weight bias in the RC |
|
| 1m samples. Statistical analysis for the riffle splitter has shown that although there | ||
| was a weight bias, it did not necessarily affect the grades. The cone split sample | ||
| weights have not been able to be statistically analysed due to mixed methods of | ||
| primary vs field duplicate sample selection in the field, an issue which was rectified | ||
| later in the program. RC samples only make up 20% of the samples in the mineralised | ||
| zone, so will have little impact. | ||
| Logging | • Whether core and chip samples have been geologically and | • Logging has been completed in detail for diamond core including rock type, grain size, |
| geotechnically logged to a level of detail to support appropriate | texture, colour, foliation, mineralogy, alteration and a detailed description written for | |
| Mineral Resource estimation, mining studies and metallurgical | every interval. In sections of oriented diamond core structural measurements of | |
| studies. | fractures, foliation, veins and shearing have been measured systematically using the | |
| • Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. Core (or | Kenometer, with Alpha and Beta measurements taken for each feature where possible. | |
| costean, channel, etc) photography. | If the core is not orientated only an Alpha reading has been taken. RC chip samples | |
| • The total length and percentage of the relevant intersections logged. | have been logged with a detailed geological description. All logging is of a level sufficient in detail to support resource estimation. |
|
| • All diamond holes are logged on paper logs using the company geological codes library | ||
| and a detailed written description is recorded for each interval. The logs are then data | ||
| entered into an excel spreadsheet before being uploaded to the database. | ||
| • RC chip samples have been logged with a detailed geological description. All logging | ||
| is of a level sufficient in detail to support resource estimation. | ||
| • Core photography has been completed both wet and dry for the majority of the | ||
| diamond drilling over the entire length of the hole. The photographs are labelled and | ||
| stored on the Perth server. Geotechnical logging has been completed for 30m either | ||
| side of the footwall contact/mineralisation – and involved measuring fracture | ||
| frequency,depth,hardness,fracture type,alpha,beta angle, profile of the fracture,the |
Duketon Mining Limited ACN 159 084 107 Level 2 45 Richardson Street West Perth WA 6005 T: +61(0) 8 6315 1490
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| roughness of the joint surface, the infill type and characteristics. This data is recorded | ||
| on paper logs, entered into an excel spreadsheet which is then loaded into the SQL | ||
| database by the database administrator. | ||
| Sub-sampling | • If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or all core |
• RC samples split with a riffle splitter. |
| techniques and sample |
taken. • If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc and |
• Diamond core samples are half core, cut with an Almonte core saw. |
| preparation | whether sampled wet or dry. | • Where field duplicates are taken the core is cut into two quarters. Field duplicates for |
| • For all sample types, the nature, quality and appropriateness of the | RC samples are taken as riffle splits. | |
| sample preparation technique. • Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling stages to maximise representivity of samples. • Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is representative of the in situ material collected, including for instance results for field duplicate/second-half sampling. • Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of the material being sampled. |
• All samples were sorted and dried in ovens for up to 24 hours (approx. +/-) at 105°C. Primary sample preparation has been by crushing the whole sample. For RC samples, the whole sample was crushed to a nominal 3mm. For diamond core the whole sample was crushed to a nominal 10mm (primary crush) and then further crushed to a nominal 3mm. All samples were then split with a riffle splitter to obtain a sub-fraction, a nominal 2.4 kg sample where possible. All material was retained after splitting. Samples were then milled using a robotic preparation system to 90% passing -75um. |
|
| • Laboratory standards taken at the pulverizing stage and selective repeats conducted | ||
| at the laboratory’s discretion. | ||
| • Sample size considered appropriate for the grainsize of the material supplied | ||
| Quality of | • The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying and | • 1m split RC samples and all diamond core samples have been analysed for: |
| assay data | laboratory procedures used and whether the technique is considered | • Au (1ppb), Pt (5ppb), Pd(5ppb) – the samples have been analysed by firing a 40g |
| and | partial or total. | portion of the sample. Lower sample weights may be employed for samples with |
| laboratory | • For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF instruments, etc, | very high sulphide and metal contents. This is the classical fire assay process and |
| tests | the parameters used in determining the analysis including instrument | will give total separation of gold, platinum and palladium in the sample. Au (FA), |
| make and model, reading times, calibrations factors applied and their | Pt(FA), Pd(FA) have been determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical | |
| derivation, etc. | Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). | |
| • Nature of quality control procedures adopted (eg standards, blanks, | • As(1ppm), Co(5ppm), Cu(2ppm), Cr(10ppm), Fe(0.01%), Ti(50ppm), Ni(2ppm), | |
| duplicates, external laboratory checks) and whether acceptable levels | Zn(2ppm), Mg(0.01%) and S(0.01%) –digested and refluxed with a mixture of acids |
|
| of accuracy (ie lack of bias) and precision have been established. | including Hydrofluoric, Nitric, Hydrochloric and Perchloric Acids. This extended | |
| digest approaches a total digest for many elements however some refractory | ||
| minerals are not completely attacked. The mixed acid digest (0.15g sample weight) | ||
| ismodified to preventlosses ofsulphur from highsulphide samples. The samples |
Duketon Mining Limited ACN 159 084 107 Level 2 45 Richardson Street West Perth WA 6005 T: +61(0) 8 6315 1490
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| are peroxidised using an oxidant that converts the sulphides present to sulphates. | ||
| • As has been determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP- | ||
| MS). | ||
| • Co, Cu, Cr, Ti, Fe, Ni, Zn, Mg, S have been determined by Inductively Coupled | ||
| Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). | ||
| • High Sulphide content Diamond Core samples have also been analysed for 6 PGEs: | ||
| Pt(1ppb), Pd(1ppb), Rh(1ppb), Ru(1ppb), Os(1ppb), Ir(1ppb) – the samples have | ||
| been analysed by Fire Assay using Nickel sulphide as the collecting medium. Here a | ||
| nominal 25g sample is mixed with a Nickel Carbonate / Sulphur based flux and fused | ||
| at 1,120°C for 1.25 hours. The resultant Nickel Sulphide button is pulverised and a | ||
| portion is digested to remove the Nickel Sulphide base. | ||
| • Inter-laboratory (Umpire) Checks on pulps from the Rosie deposit were completed at | ||
| Genalysis, Maddington, WA. The pulps were analysed by a comparative method and | ||
| for the same suite of elements as those completed at Ultra Trace (detailed above). | ||
| • Standards were submitted with a minimum 3/100 samples, blanks minimum 2/100 | ||
| samples, duplicates minimum 2/100 samples, in Aircore and RC drilling. In 2012 the | ||
| standard insertion rate was increased to 5/100 samples. With diamond drillholes, | ||
| every zone of mineralisation generally had 2 or more standards,1 or more blanks and | ||
| 1 or more duplicates spread throughout the zone of mineralisation. | ||
| • Various Geostats Pty Ltd Certified Reference Materials standards have been used | ||
| from 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3% Nickel, up to 11.65% Nickel for high grade massive sulphide. | ||
| A Gold, Platinum and Palladium standard has also been used where Nickel Sulphide | ||
| Fire Assays have been completed for the PGE suite of elements. Standards were | ||
| submitted within mineralised intervals in a suitable location based on the expected | ||
| grade of the zone being sampled and using a comparable grade standard, i.e., | ||
| disseminated mineralisation would have a ~0.5% Ni standard inserted into the sample | ||
| run, whereas matrix sulphide mineralisation may have a 3% Ni standard inserted and | ||
| so on. | ||
| Verification of | • The verification of significant intersections by either independent or |
• All data has been checked internally for correctness by senior DKM geological and |
| sampling and | alternative company personnel. | corporate staff. |
| assaying | • The use of twinned holes. | • No adjustments have been made to assay data. |
| • Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, data |
Duketon Mining Limited ACN 159 084 107 Level 2 45 Richardson Street West Perth WA 6005 T: +61(0) 8 6315 1490
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| verification, data storage (physical and electronic) protocols. | • There have been no twinned holes drilled at this point. | |
| • Discuss any adjustment to assay data. | • Field Marshall was used for RC logging and the files are loaded directly into the | |
| Datashed database. | ||
| • All diamond holes were logged onto paper logs using the company geological codes | ||
| library and a detailed written description is recorded for each interval. The logs are | ||
| then data entered into an excel spreadsheet before being uploaded to the SQL | ||
| database. | ||
| Location of | • Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes (collar and | • For drilling completed prior to 2012 collars were surveyed using DGPS equipment to |
| data points | down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings and other locations | sub 0.5m accuracy. Co-ordinates were surveyed in the MGA94 grid system. |
| used in Mineral Resource estimation. • Specification of the grid system used. • Quality and adequacy of topographic control. |
• For drilling completed after 2012 collars were surveyed using a handheld GPS to an accuracy of +/-5m. Co-ordinates were surveyed in the MGA94 system. |
|
| • Dip and azimuth readings have been completed using DHA SEG Target INS– North | ||
| Seeking Gyroscope for all diamond holes where possible. All gyro downhole surveys | ||
| have to pass DHS internal audit by cross referencing the in-run and out-run which | ||
| equates to <10m misclosure between IN and OUT run over 1,000m (1%). RC drilling | ||
| has been surveyed approximately every 50m down hole with a Reflex EZ single shot | ||
| digital camera. | ||
| Data spacing | • Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results. | • For the Rosie resource the contact domain was reviewed in longitudinal projection |
| and | • Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient to establish the | showing the drill intercept locations. The drill spacing was variable with some well- |
| distribution | degree of geological and grade continuity appropriate for the Mineral | informed areas where drill spacing was approximately 30 x 30m and some areas where |
| Resource and Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and | the drilling spacing was in excess of 50 x 50m, to 100 x 100m in parts. The data | |
| classifications applied. | spacing and distribution is sufficient to establish geological and grade continuity | |
| • Whether sample compositing has been applied. | appropriate for the Mineral Resource estimation procedure and classification applied. | |
| • All sample/intercept composites have been length and density-weighted. Most | ||
| diamond core samples have measured density values assigned to them. All RC | ||
| assay results were assigned a density based on a regression formula calculated from | ||
| the measured density and Ni, Cu, Co and S content of the diamond core samples. | ||
| Where S values were not present, a modified regression formula calculated from the | ||
| measured density and Ni, Cu and Co was used. |
Duketon Mining Limited ACN 159 084 107 Level 2 45 Richardson Street West Perth WA 6005 T: +61(0) 8 6315 1490
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Orientation of | • Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased sampling of | • The contact mineralisation intersected to date is sub-vertical in orientation and forms |
| data in | possible structures and the extent to which this is known, considering | a semi-continuous sheet of mineralisation approximately 1m true width with an |
| relation to | the deposit type. | average grade of ~2% Ni (plus Cu, Co and PGE), with thicker accumulations in |
| geological | • If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the orientation | places. The mineralisation is syn-genetic and as such is not primarily structurally- |
| structure | of key mineralised structures is considered to have introduced a | controlled, however structural modification is apparent with the formation of breccia- |
| sampling bias, this should be assessed and reported if material. | ore. The deposit could be classified as a moderately deformed magmatic sulphide | |
| deposit. The details of the structural modification and extent of over-printing | ||
| relationships are a work in progress and not well understood at this stage. The | ||
| drillholes were orientated to pierce the mineralisation approximately perpendicular to | ||
| the strike, at an angle of approximately 60 degrees dip, this may vary from time to | ||
| time depending on the depth and amount of deviation encountered within the | ||
| drillhole. Drillhole intersections through the mineralisation are suitable for resource | ||
| estimation and do not introduce sampling bias. | ||
| Sample | • The measures taken to ensure sample security. | • Chain of custody was managed by company representatives and is considered |
| security | appropriate. | |
| Audits or | • The results of any audits or reviews of sampling techniques and data. | • No external audits or reviews have been conducted apart from internal company |
| reviews | review. |
Section 2 Reporting of Exploration Results
(Criteria listed in the preceding section also apply to this section.)
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Mineral | • Type, reference name/number, location and ownership including | • The tenement (M38/1252) is 100% owned by Duketon Mining Limited and is in good |
| tenement and | agreements or material issues with third parties such as joint |
standing and there are no known impediments to obtaining a licence to operate in the |
| land tenure | ventures, partnerships, overriding royalties, native title interests, | area. |
| status | historical sites, wilderness or national park and environmental | |
| settings. | ||
| • The security of the tenure held at the time of reporting along with any | ||
| _known impediments to obtaining a licence to operate inthe area. _ |
Duketon Mining Limited ACN 159 084 107 Level 2 45 Richardson Street West Perth WA 6005 T: +61(0) 8 6315 1490
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Exploration | • Acknowledgment and appraisal of exploration by other parties. | • Cominco explored the area for nickel in 1966 and found nickel sulphide veinlets in |
| done by other | ultrabasic rocks and gossanous material. INSEL explored the area between 1969 | |
| parties | and 1973 later followed by Kennecott and Shell Minerals between 1973 and 1974 | |
| who identified high magnesium (+34%MgO) and low aluminium dunites. There was | ||
| no further activity until Independence Group commenced exploration in the mid 2000 | ||
| culminating in the discovery of the C2 and Rosie mineralisation. South Boulder Mines | ||
| discovered the Terminator gold deposit during 2009 and further delineated the | ||
| Thompson Bore area following up preliminary work by Wiluna Mines. | ||
| Geology | • Deposit type, geological setting and style of mineralisation. | • The Rosie/Nariz Nickel Deposit is a komatiite-hosted nickel sulphide deposit. The |
| mineralisation is characterised by accumulations of massive, matrix, breccia and | ||
| disseminated Ni-Cu-PGE magmatic sulphides at the basal contact of a komatiite | ||
| ultramafic rock, overlying a mafic pillow basalt footwall +/- fine grained siltstone | ||
| sediments which may also contain sulphides in varying amounts. | ||
| Drill hole | • A summary of all information material to the understanding of the | • All significant intersections for Rosie have been previously reported. |
| Information | exploration results including a tabulation of the following information | |
| for all Material drill holes: | ||
o easting and northing of the drill hole collar |
||
o elevation or RL (Reduced Level – elevation above sea level in |
||
| metres) of the drill hole collar | ||
o dip and azimuth of the hole |
||
o down hole length and interception depth |
||
o hole length. |
||
| • If the exclusion of this information is justified on the basis that the | ||
| information is not Material and this exclusion does not detract from | ||
| the understanding of the report, the Competent Person should clearly | ||
| _explain why this is the case. _ | ||
| Data | • In reporting Exploration Results, weighting averaging techniques, | • No top-cuts have been applied. |
| aggregation | maximum and/or minimum grade truncations (eg cutting of high | • Aggregated sample assays calculated using a length weighted average. |
| methods | grades) and cut-off grades are usually Material and should be stated. | • Nickel equivalent values have not been used for reporting exploration results, but are |
| • Where aggregate intercepts incorporate short lengths of high grade | used for eventual mineral resource estimate reporting – these values appear in the | |
| results and longer lengths of low grade results, the procedure used | appropriate part of Section 3 below. | |
| _for such aggregation should be stated and some typical examples of _ |
Duketon Mining Limited ACN 159 084 107 Level 2 45 Richardson Street West Perth WA 6005 T: +61(0) 8 6315 1490
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| such aggregations should be shown in detail. | ||
| • The assumptions used for any reporting of metal equivalent values | ||
| _should be clearly stated. _ | ||
| Relationship | • These relationships are particularly important in the reporting of | • Mineralisation is very steep to sub-vertical and strikes approximately east-west. |
| between mineralisation |
Exploration Results. • If the geometry of the mineralisation with respect to the drill hole |
• All significant intercepts are down hole lengths and true width are not calculated. |
| widths and | angle is known, its nature should be reported. | |
| intercept | • If it is not known and only the down hole lengths are reported, there | |
| lengths | should be a clear statement to this effect (eg ‘down hole length, true | |
| width not known’). | ||
| Diagrams | • Appropriate maps and sections (with scales) and tabulations of | • Refer to figures in document. |
| intercepts should be included for any significant discovery being | ||
| reported These should include, but not be limited to a plan view of | ||
| _drill hole collar locations and appropriate sectional views. _ | ||
| Balanced | • Where comprehensive reporting of all Exploration Results is not | • All significant results above the stated reporting criteria have been reported |
| reporting | practicable, representative reporting of both low and high grades | regardless of the width or grade. |
| and/or widths should be practiced to avoid misleading reporting of | ||
| _Exploration Results. _ | ||
| Other | • Other exploration data, if meaningful and material, should be reported | • N/A |
| substantive | including (but not limited to): geological observations; geophysical | |
| exploration | survey results; geochemical survey results; bulk samples – size and | |
| data | method of treatment; metallurgical test results; bulk density, | |
| groundwater, geotechnical and rock characteristics; potential | ||
| _deleterious or contaminating substances. _ | ||
| Further work | • The nature and scale of planned further work (eg tests for lateral | • Further work includes a Scoping Study and infill drilling. |
| extensions or depth extensions or large-scale step-out drilling). | ||
| • Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas of possible extensions, | ||
| including the main geological interpretations and future drilling areas, | ||
| _provided this information is not commercially sensitive. _ |
Duketon Mining Limited ACN 159 084 107 Level 2 45 Richardson Street West Perth WA 6005 T: +61(0) 8 6315 1490
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Section 3 Estimation and Reporting of Mineral Resources
(Criteria listed in section 1, and where relevant in section 2, also apply to this section.)
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Database | • Measures taken to ensure that data has not been corrupted by, for | • All data is managed by Maxwell Geoservices and stored in a SQL database. Data is |
| integrity | example, transcription or keying errors, between its initial collection | logged using paper logs and Field Marshall or Expedio Ocris software with inbuilt |
| and its use for Mineral Resource estimation purposes. | validation and sent to Maxwell for uploading into the database. Assay files are sent | |
| • Data validation procedures used. | directly from the laboratory to Maxwell for merging with the database. | |
| • All drill core has been photographed both dry and wet and available for viewing from | ||
| the company database. | ||
| Site visits | • Comment on any site visits undertaken by the Competent Person and | • The Competent Person for Sections 1 and 2 of this report, Kirsty Culver of Duketon |
| the outcome of those visits. | Mining has visited site frequently in 2018 – 2020. No site visit has been conducted by | |
| • If no site visits have been undertaken indicate why this is the case. | the Competent Person for Section 3 of this report (Michael Job of Cube Consulting) at | |
| this stage due to travel restrictions. | ||
| Geological | • Confidence in (or conversely, the uncertainty of ) the geological | • There is high confidence level in the geological interpretation and that of the |
| interpretation | interpretation of the mineral deposit. | mineralisation. The resource estimate has been guided by the geology as the |
| • Nature of the data used and of any assumptions made. | mineralisation is syn-genetic and directly linked to the basal contact horizon of the base | |
| • The effect, if any, of alternative interpretations on Mineral Resource | of the ultramafic rock unit in which it resides. The grade distribution of the | |
| estimation. | mineralisation has been used as a controlling guide for the wireframes for the | |
| • The use of geology in guiding and controlling Mineral Resource estimation. |
estimation, the rock type of the mineralised envelope will vary in places but is in general restricted to ultramafic rocks and minor zones of the footwall sediments and basalts. |
|
| • The factors affecting continuity both of grade and geology. | The grades are highest in the ultramafic rocks and weakest within the sediments and basalts of the footwall units. The main factors affecting continuity of grade are rock |
|
| type and amount of structural deformation within the zone of mineralisation. Some | ||
| minor remobilisation into the footwall units has been observed. | ||
| • The deposit is similar in style to many komatiitic nickel-copper deposits. | ||
| • The basal contact mineralised zone, and the lower-grade hanging wall and footwall | ||
| units were modelled using the vein-modelling tool in Leapfrog software. | ||
| Dimensions | • The extent and variability of the Mineral Resource expressed as | • The drilling used for the estimate of the Mineral Resource to date spans a vertical |
| length (along strike or otherwise), plan width, and depth below | depth of approximately 650m over a strike length of ~1,500m, however mineralisation | |
| surface to the upper and lower limits of the Mineral Resource. | has been intersected over a strike length of ~1.2 km and is still open to the east and | |
| down-dip. The main basal contact mineralised zone is approximately0.2m-4.5m |
Duketon Mining Limited ACN 159 084 107 Level 2 45 Richardson Street West Perth WA 6005 T: +61(0) 8 6315 1490
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|
| wide (true width) and sub-vertical in a sheet like orientation striking approximately | |||
| north-west to south-east. The mineralisation projects to the surface, however it is | |||
| obscured from direct detection by a thin veneer of transported overburden (~10-20m | |||
| thick). | |||
| • | There are also lower-grade hanging wall (HW) and footwall (FW) disseminated | ||
| sulphide zones. These can extend up to 20 m from the contact mineralised zone and | |||
| are defined by an approximate 0.2 % Ni boundary. | |||
| Estimation | • The nature and appropriateness of the estimation technique(s) | • | Estimation of nickel, cobalt, copper, arsenic, gold, platinum, palladium, iridium, |
| and modelling | applied and key assumptions, including treatment of extreme grade |
osmium, rhodium, ruthenium, sulphur and bulk density was by two-dimensional | |
| techniques | values, domaining, interpolation parameters and maximum distance | Ordinary Kriging within the basal contact mineralised zone, using Datamine | |
| of extrapolation from data points. If a computer assisted estimation | software. The 2D method utilises full-seam grade composites multiplied by | ||
| method was chosen include a description of computer software and | horizontal thickness and density to create an additive variable known as an | ||
| parameters used. | ‘accumulation’. | ||
| • The availability of check estimates, previous estimates and/or mine | • | These accumulations are then projected to a 2D plane – as the contact mineralised | |
| production records and whether the Mineral Resource estimate takes | zone is sub-vertical, the projected plane was vertical. | ||
| appropriate account of such data. | • | Kriging is then run in the 2D plane for the thickness, ‘tonnage’ (thickness x density) | |
| • The assumptions made regarding recovery of by-products. | and grade accumulation variables. Grades are calculated by dividing the estimated | ||
| • Estimation of deleterious elements or other non-grade variables of economic significance (eg sulphur for acid mine drainage characterisation). |
accumulation by the estimated tonnage, and density is derived by dividing the estimated tonnage by the estimated thickness. These estimated variables were then translated back into the original 3D space. |
||
| • In the case of block model interpolation, the block size in relation to the average sample spacing and the search employed. • Any assumptions behind modelling of selective mining units. • Any assumptions about correlation between variables. • Description of how the geological interpretation was used to control the resource estimates. |
• • • |
Grade caps were not used for nickel, as there were no extreme outlier values, but grade capping was used for all the other variables. These caps were applied to the raw data before the accumulation calculations. Variography was performed using Snowden Supervisor software for the twelve grade accumulations, plus the thickness and ‘tonnage’ variables. The minimum number of accumulation/thickness samples required was two, with a |
|
| • Discussion of basis for using or not using grade cutting or capping. • The process of validation, the checking process used, the comparison of model data to drill hole data, and use of reconciliation data if available. |
• |
maximum of ten. There are 95 full seam accumulations available for most variables, but only 58 for the less-sampled minor PGEs (Ir, OS, Rh, Ru). First pass search ellipse radii were similar to the variogram ranges, with similar anisotropy as the variogram models; 200m down plunge (40° to the south in the 2D projected plane) and 100m across plunge. |
|
| • | If a block was not estimated with this first search pass, a second pass twice the size | ||
| ofthefirstwas used, and a third passfive times the originalsearch was usedif |
Duketon Mining Limited ACN 159 084 107 Level 2 45 Richardson Street West Perth WA 6005 T: +61(0) 8 6315 1490
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|
| required. Over 95% of the blocks were informed on the first or second pass. | |||
| • | The 2D parent block size was 32 mN and 32 mRL, with the 3D parent block size 16 | ||
| mE x 16 mN x 16 mRL. The final 3D block model was not rotated, but rotation of the | |||
| 2D model and grade accumulations was required to project to the 2D plane (the | |||
| contact mineralised zone trends towards 315°). Average drill hole spacing through | |||
| the basal contact zone is 50m N x 50m RL, with some infill to 25 x 25. | |||
| • | Hard boundaries were used for grade estimation, with each mineralised zone | ||
| estimated separately (i.e., no data sharing between zones). | |||
| • | The block model was validated for all variables by checking tonnage-weighted | ||
| grade estimates against input sample data per shoot, semi-local comparisons of | |||
| model and sample accumulations and estimated grades by using swath plots, and | |||
| by extensive visual inspection of the block grades and input data on screen. All | |||
| these methods show that the grade estimates honour the input data satisfactorily. | |||
| • | The model was also coded for the pentlandite dominant (massive) zone and | ||
| violarite dominant (upper) zone as used for the metallurgical studies (see below). It | |||
| is assumed that oxidised areas above the violarite zone will have no metallurgical | |||
| recovery and have been excluded from the mineral resource. | |||
| • | The low-grade hanging wall and footwall zones were estimated by conventional 3D | ||
| ordinary kriging, but are not part of the stated mineral resource, and are only | |||
| required for dilution for future mine planning studies. | |||
| • | There has been no mining at the Rosie deposit. This mineral resource estimate | ||
| supersedes the previous estimate from 2012. There is a significant increase in | |||
| tonnage (+28%) and Ni grade (+15%) compared to the previous estimate due to | |||
| additional drilling that has extended the deposit to the south and at depth. | |||
| • | A conventional 3D ordinary kriged check estimate model was run in parallel to the | ||
| 2D estimate, with the results within 1% for tonnage and 4% for Ni grade. | |||
| Moisture | • Whether the tonnages are estimated on a dry basis or with natural | • | Tonnages are estimated on a dry basis. |
| _moisture, and the method of determination of the moisture content. _ | |||
| Cut-off | • The basis of the adopted cut-off grade(s) or quality parameters | • | The mineralised shoots have been defined stratigraphically. A cut-off grade of 1% |
| parameters | applied. | nickel equivalent (NiEq) has been used for reporting, but this represents the entire | |
| basal contact mineralised zone. | |||
| • | NiEq has been calculated with the following prices (US $) and recoveries for | ||
| (Pentlandite (P) andViolarite (V): |
Duketon Mining Limited ACN 159 084 107 Level 2 45 Richardson Street West Perth WA 6005 T: +61(0) 8 6315 1490
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| • Ni $8.00/lb., P = 96.9%, V = 88.7% | ||
| • Cu $3.65/lb., P = 99.5%, V = 94.5% | ||
| • Co $15.30/lb., P = 95.1%, V = 88.5% | ||
| • Pt $1,100/oz., P = 78.2%, V = 57.6% | ||
| • Pd $2,300/oz., P = 97.6%, V = 87.3% | ||
| • Rh $15,500/oz., P = 83.4%, V = 64.8% | ||
| • The calculation for the pentlandite domain is: NiEq = Ni% + (Cu% * 0.995 * | ||
| (3.65/8.00)) + (Co% * 0.951 * (15.30/8.00)) + (Pt% * 0.782 * (1100 * 14.583/8.00)) + | ||
| (Pd% * 0.976 * (2300 * 14.583/8.00)) + (Rh% * 0.834 * (15500 * 14.583/8.00)) | ||
| • The calculation for the violarite domain is: NiEq = Ni% + (Cu% * 0.945 * (3.65/8.00)) | ||
| + (Co% * 0.885 * (15.30/8.00)) + (Pt% * 0.576 * (1100 * 14.583/8.00)) + (Pd% * | ||
| 0.873 * (2300 * 14.583/8.00)) + (Rh% * 0.648 * (15500 * 14.583/8.00)) | ||
| Mining factors | • Assumptions made regarding possible mining methods, minimum |
• Grades and geometry are amenable to small-scale underground mining (most likely |
| or | mining dimensions and internal (or, if applicable, external) mining | long-hole stoping), like many ‘Kambalda-style’ nickel deposits. |
| assumptions | dilution. It is always necessary as part of the process of determining | • Given the narrow width of the basal contact zone (average 2 – 3m thickness), some |
| reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction to consider | mining dilution would occur. | |
| potential mining methods, but the assumptions made regarding | • At an US$8/lb nickel price, and average NiEq grade of 3.1% for the Indicated and | |
| mining methods and parameters when estimating Mineral Resources | Inferred resource, then average revenue per tonne would be in the order of AUD | |
| may not always be rigorous. Where this is the case, this should be | $700, assuming a USD to AUD exchange rate of 0.76 and the prices used to | |
| reported with an explanation of the basis of the mining assumptions | calculate the NiEq grade did not change substantially. Mining and processing costs | |
| made. | for similar operations are in the range AUD $250 to $500 per tonne, so it is | |
| reasonable to expect eventual economic extraction. | ||
| Metallurgical | • The basis for assumptions or predictions regarding metallurgical | • Metallurgical testwork was completed on two composite samples, representing both |
| factors or | amenability. It is always necessary as part of the process of | the massive (pentlandite dominant) and upper (violarite dominant) domain. Samples |
| assumptions | determining reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction to | were assessed by flotation to determine the possibility of recovering nickel and |
| consider potential metallurgical methods, but the assumptions | copper to concentrates at a saleable grade. The secondary objective was to | |
| regarding metallurgical treatment processes and parameters made | determine the deportment of platinum group elements prevalent in the ore. | |
| when reporting Mineral Resources may not always be rigorous. | • Sixteen (16) flotation tests were conducted, nine on the massive sample and seven | |
| Where this is the case, this should be reported with an explanation of | on the upper. | |
| the basis of the metallurgical assumptions made. | • Separate saleable nickel concentrates and or bulk copper nickel concentrates can be | |
| generated in a conventional flotation circuit. |
Duketon Mining Limited ACN 159 084 107 Level 2 45 Richardson Street West Perth WA 6005 T: +61(0) 8 6315 1490
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|
| Environmenta | • Assumptions made regarding possible waste and process residue | • | As any potential mine would be relatively small-scale underground mining, haulage of |
| l factors or | disposal options. It is always necessary as part of the process of | waste rock to surface would be minimal, and any potentially acid forming material | |
| assumptions | determining reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction to | would be encapsulated in the waste rock dump. Surface disturbance would be | |
| consider the potential environmental impacts of the mining and | minimal, given the scale of the project. | ||
| processing operation. While at this stage the determination of | • | The deposit is in an area of Western Australia that has numerous mining operations, | |
| potential environmental impacts, particularly for a greenfields project, | both underground and open-cut, and any proposed mine would comply with the well- | ||
| may not always be well advanced, the status of early consideration of | established environmental laws and protocols in the Goldfields area of WA. | ||
| these potential environmental impacts should be reported. Where | |||
| these aspects have not been considered this should be reported with | |||
| _an explanation of the environmental assumptions made. _ | |||
| Bulk density | • Whether assumed or determined. If assumed, the basis for the | • | Bulk densities were determined by Bureau Veritas and field staff for the majority of |
| assumptions. If determined, the method used, whether wet or dry, the | significant interval diamond core samples from the Rosie deposit. The water | ||
| frequency of the measurements, the nature, size and | displacement method was used. The samples were weighed in air (DryWt) and then | ||
| representativeness of the samples. | submerged in water and the water displacement measured (WetWt) and the formula | ||
| • The bulk density for bulk material must have been measured by | Density=DryWt/(DryWt-WetWt) was applied. | ||
| methods that adequately account for void spaces (vugs, porosity, | • | For the RC samples, there were no measured densities, hence the sample intervals | |
| etc), moisture and differences between rock and alteration zones | were assigned a density based on a regression formula calculated from the | ||
| within the deposit. | measured density and Ni and Fe content of the diamond core samples. Note that RC | ||
| • Discuss assumptions for bulk density estimates used in the | drilling represents less than 20% of the data available within the mineralised zone. | ||
| evaluation process of the different materials. | Densities were used for all downhole compositing and metal accumulation variables. Density was interpolated into the resource model as with the grade (metal |
||
| accumulation) attributes. | |||
| Classification | • The basis for the classification of the Mineral Resources into varying | • | Indicated Mineral Resource has a nominal drill spacing of 50 mN x 50 mRL and |
| confidence categories. | used search pass 1. Inferred Mineral Resource has a nominal drill spacing of | ||
| • Whether appropriate account has been taken of all relevant factors (ie | greater than Indicated but below 100 mN x 100 mRL and using search pass 1 or 2. | ||
| relative confidence in tonnage/grade estimations, reliability of input | • | There is high confidence in the geological interpretation, and the input data has | |
| data, confidence in continuity of geology and metal values, quality, | been thoroughly checked and is reliable. The geometry and consistency of the | ||
| quantity and distribution of the data). | mineralised shoots is similar to many ‘Kambalda-style’ nickel deposits. | ||
| • Whether the result appropriately reflects the Competent Person’s | • | The results reflect the Competent Person’s view of the deposit. | |
| _view of the deposit. _ | |||
| Audits or | • The results of any audits or reviews of Mineral Resource estimates. | • | No independent external audits have occurred, but the work has been internally peer |
| reviews | reviewed by Cube Consulting. |
Duketon Mining Limited ACN 159 084 107 Level 2 45 Richardson Street West Perth WA 6005 T: +61(0) 8 6315 1490
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|
| Discussion of | • Where appropriate a statement of the relative accuracy and | • | Confidence in the estimate is reflected in the Mineral Resource Classification. |
| relative | confidence level in the Mineral Resource estimate using an approach | Geostatistical metrics (e.g., kriging variances) have been used to assist with | |
| accuracy/ | or procedure deemed appropriate by the Competent Person. For | classification but are not the only measure of confidence. | |
| confidence | example, the application of statistical or geostatistical procedures to | • | The Mineral Resource relates to global tonnage and grade estimates. |
| quantify the relative accuracy of the resource within stated confidence | • |
No mining production has occurred at the Rosie nickel deposit. | |
| limits, or, if such an approach is not deemed appropriate, a qualitative | |||
| discussion of the factors that could affect the relative accuracy and | |||
| confidence of the estimate. | |||
| • The statement should specify whether it relates to global or local | |||
| estimates, and, if local, state the relevant tonnages, which should be | |||
| relevant to technical and economic evaluation. Documentation should | |||
| include assumptions made and the procedures used. | |||
| • These statements of relative accuracy and confidence of the estimate | |||
| _should be compared with production data, where available. _ |
Duketon Mining Limited ACN 159 084 107 Level 2 45 Richardson Street West Perth WA 6005 T: +61(0) 8 6315 1490