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DEXUS Annual Report 2018

Aug 14, 2018

64807_rns_2018-08-14_0f74e896-4ec5-4630-9706-0a5ca6f1b684.pdf

Annual Report

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Dexus (ASX: DXS)

ASX release

15 August 2018

2018 Financial Statements

In addition to Dexus's 2018 Annual Report, which includes the Financial Statements for Dexus Diversified Trust, we provide the 2018 Financial Statements for Dexus Industrial Trust, Dexus Office Trust and Dexus Operations Trust.

For further information please contact:

Investor Relations Rowena Causley +61 2 9017 1390 +61 416 122 383 [email protected] Media Relations Louise Murray +61 2 9017 1446 +61 403 260 754 [email protected]

About Dexus

Dexus is one of Australia's leading real estate groups, proudly managing a high quality Australian property portfolio valued at \$27.2 billion. We believe that the strength and quality of our relationships will always be central to our success, and are deeply committed to working with our customers to provide spaces that engage and inspire. We invest only in Australia, and directly own \$13.3 billion of office and industrial properties. We manage a further \$13.9 billion of office, retail, industrial and healthcare properties for third party clients. The group's \$4.2 billion development pipeline provides the opportunity to grow both portfolios and enhance future returns. With 1.7 million square metres of office workspace across 53 properties, we are Australia's preferred office partner. Dexus is a Top 50 entity by market capitalisation listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (trading code: DXS) and is supported by 27,000 investors from 20 countries. With more than 30 years of expertise in property investment, development and asset management, we have a proven track record in capital and risk management, providing service excellence to tenants and delivering superior risk-adjusted returns for investors. www.dexus.com

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Dexus Funds Management Ltd ABN 24 060 920 783, AFSL 238163, as Responsible Entity for Dexus (ASX: DXS)

Dexus Industrial Trust Financial Report 30 June 2018

Directors' Report 1
Auditor's Independence Declaration 7
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 8
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 9
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 10
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 11
About This Report 12
Notes to the Financial Statements 15
Trust performance 16
Note 1 Operating segments 16
Note 2 Property revenue and expenses 16
Note 3 Finance costs 16
Note 4 Earnings per unit 17
Note 5 Distributions paid and payable 17
Property portfolio assets 18
Note 6 Investment properties 18
Capital and financial risk management and working capital 21
Note 7 Capital and financial risk management 21
Note 8 Commitments and contingencies 26
Note 9 Contributed equity 27
Note 10 Working capital 28
Other disclosures 30
Note 11 Audit, taxation and transaction service fees 30
Note 12 Cash flow information 30
Note 13 Related parties 31
Note 14 Parent entity disclosures 32
Note 15 Subsequent events 32
Directors' Declaration 33
Independent Auditor's Report 34

Directors' Report

The Directors of Dexus Funds Management Limited (DXFM) as Responsible Entity of Dexus Industrial Trust (DIT or the Trust) present their Directors' Report together with the consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2018. The consolidated Financial Statements represents DIT and its consolidated entities.

The Trust together with Dexus Diversified Trust (DDF), Dexus Operations Trust (DXO) and Dexus Office Trust (DOT) form the Dexus (DXS or the Group) stapled security.

Directors and Secretaries

Directors

The following persons were Directors of DXFM at all times during the year and to the date of this Directors' Report, unless otherwise stated:

Directors Appointed Resigned
W Richard Sheppard, BEc (Hons), FAICD 1 January 2012
Elizabeth A Alexander, AM, BComm, FCA, FAICD, FCPA 1 January 2005 24 October 2017
Penny Bingham-Hall, BA (Industrial Design), FAICD, SF (Fin) 10 June 2014
John C Conde, AO, BSc, BE (Hons), MBA, FAICD 29 April 2009
Tonianne Dwyer, BJuris (Hons), LLB (Hons) 24 August 2011
Mark Ford, Dip. Tech (Commerce), CA, FAICD 1 November 2016
The Hon. Nicola L Roxon, BA/LLB (Hons), GAICD 1 September 2017
Darren J Steinberg, BEc, FRICS, FAPI, FAICD 1 March 2012
Peter B St George, CA(SA), MBA 29 April 2009

Company Secretaries

The names and details of the Company Secretaries of DXFM as at 30 June 2018 are as follows:

Brett D Cameron LLB/BA (Science and Technology), GAICD, FGIA

Appointed: 31 October 2014

Brett is the General Counsel and Company Secretary of Dexus companies and is responsible for the legal function, company secretarial services and compliance, risk and governance systems and practices across the Group.

Prior to joining Dexus, Brett was Head of Legal for Macquarie Real Estate (Asia) and has held senior legal positions at Macquarie Capital Funds in Hong Kong and Minter Ellison in Sydney and Hong Kong. Brett has 22 years' experience as in-house counsel and in private practice in Australia and in Asia, where he worked on real estate structuring and operations, funds management, mergers and acquisitions, private equity and corporate finance across a number of industries.

Brett graduated from The University of New South Wales and holds a Bachelor of Laws and a Bachelor of Arts (Science and Technology) and is a member of the Law Societies of New South Wales and Hong Kong. Brett is also a graduate of the Australian Institute of Company Directors and a Fellow of the Governance Institute of Australia.

Rachel Caralis LLB/B Com (Acc), M Com (Property Development), Grad Dip (Applied Corporate Governance) AGIA, AAPI

Appointed: 17 February 2016

Rachel is Senior Legal Counsel and Company Secretary of Dexus.

Rachel joined Dexus in 2008 after five years at King and Wood Mallesons where she worked in the real estate and projects team. Rachel has 15 years' experience as in-house counsel and in private practice working on real estate and corporate transactions, funds management and corporate finance for wholesale and listed clients.

Rachel graduated from the University of Canberra with a Bachelor of Laws and Bachelor of Commerce (Accounting), has completed a Masters of Commerce (Property Development) at the University of Western Sydney and a Graduate Diploma in Applied Corporate Governance at the Governance Institute of Australia. Rachel is a member of the Law Society of New South Wales, an associate of the Australian Property Institute and an associate of the Governance Institute of Australia.

Attendance of Directors at Board Meetings and Board Committee Meetings

The number of Directors' meetings held during the year and each Director's attendance at those meetings is set out in the table below. The Directors met 13 times during the year. Ten Board meetings were main meetings and three meetings were held to consider specific business.

Main meetings
held
Main meetings
attended
Specific meetings
held
Specific meetings
attended
W Richard Sheppard 10 10 3 3
Elizabeth A Alexander, AM 1 4 4 - -
Penny Bingham-Hall 10 10 3 3
John C Conde, AO 10 10 3 3
Tonianne Dwyer 10 10 3 3
Mark Ford 10 9 3 3
The Hon. Nicola L Roxon 2 8 8 3 3
Darren J Steinberg 10 10 3 3
Peter B St George 10 10 3 3

1 Ceased directorship 24 October 2017.

2 Commenced directorship on 1 September 2017.

Special meetings are held at a time to enable the maximum number of Directors to attend and are generally held to consider specific items that cannot be held over to the next scheduled main meeting.

The table below shows non-executive Directors' attendances at Board Committee meetings of which they were a member during the year ended 30 June 2018.

Board Audit
Committee
Board Risk
Committee
Board Nomination
Committee
Board People and
Remuneration
Committee
Held Attended Held Attended Held Attended Held Attended
W Richard Sheppard - - - - 4 4 5 5
Elizabeth A Alexander,AM1 1 1 - - - - - -
Penny Bingham-Hall - - 4 4 4 4 5 5
John C Conde, AO 3 3 - - 4 4 1 1
Tonianne Dwyer 4 4 4 4 - - - -
The Hon. Nicola L Roxon2 - - 3 3 - - 4 4
Mark Ford 4 4 4 4 - - - -
Peter B St George 4 4 4 4 - - - -

1 Ceased directorship 24 October 2017.

2 Commenced directorship on 1 September 2017.

Elizabeth A Alexander and Tonianne Dwyer were also Directors of Dexus Wholesale Property Limited (DWPL) and attended DWPL Board meetings during the year ended 30 June 2018. John Conde joined as a Director of Dexus Wholesale Property Limited (DWPL) on 25 October 2017.

Directors' relevant interests

The relevant interests of each Director in DXS stapled securities as at the date of this Directors' Report are shown below:

Directors No. of securities
W Richard Sheppard 70,090
Penny Bingham-Hall 16,534
John C Conde, AO 16,667
Tonianne Dwyer 16,667
Mark Ford 1,667
The Hon. Nicola L Roxon Nil
Darren J Steinberg 1,219,571
Peter B St George 17,333

Operating and financial review

The relevant financial information for the year ended 30 June 2018 were:

  • profit attributable to unitholders was \$94.2 million (2017: \$110.0 million)
  • total assets were \$980.5 million (2017: \$1,113.1 million)
  • net assets were \$943.4 million (2017: \$1,067.2 million)

A review of the results, financial position and operations of the Group, of which the Trust forms part thereof, is set out in the Operating and Financial Review of the Dexus Financial Report and forms part of this Directors' Report.

Directors' directorships in other listed entities

The following table sets out directorships of other ASX listed entities (unless otherwise stated), not including DXFM, held by the Directors at any time in the three years immediately prior to the end of the year, and the period for which each directorship was held.

Director Company Date Appointed
W Richard Sheppard Star Entertainment Group 21 November 2012
Penny Bingham-Hall BlueScope Steel Limited 29 March 2011
Fortescue Metals Group Ltd 16 November 2016
John C Conde, AO Whitehaven Coal Limited 3 May 2007
Cooper Energy Limited 25 February 2013
Tonianne Dwyer Cardno Limited3 25 June 2012
Metcash Limited 24 June 2014
ALS Limited 1 July 2016
OZ Minerals Limited 21 March 2017
The Hon. Nicola L Roxon Lifestyle Communities Limited 1 September 2017
Peter B St George First Quantum Minerals Limited1 20 October 2003
Mark Ford Kiwi Property Group Limited2 May 2011

1 Listed for trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange in Canada.

2 Listed for trading on the New Zealand Stock Exchange since 22 December 2014.

3 Directorship ceased 27 January 2016.

Principal activities

During the year the principal activity of the Trust was to own, manage and develop high quality real estate assets for future use as investment properties. There were no significant changes in the nature of the Trust's activities during the year.

Total value of Trust assets

The total value of the assets of the Trust as at 30 June 2018 was \$980.5 million (2017: \$1,113.1 million). Details of the basis of this valuation are outlined in the Notes to the Financial Statements and form part of this Directors' Report.

Likely developments and expected results of operations

In the opinion of the Directors, disclosure of any further information regarding business strategies and future developments or results of the Trust, other than the information already outlined in this Directors' Report or the Financial Statements accompanying this Directors' Report would be unreasonably prejudicial to the Trust.

Significant changes in the state of affairs

The Directors are not aware of any matter or circumstance not otherwise dealt with in this Directors' Report or the Financial Statements that has significantly or may significantly affect the operations of the Trust, the results of those operations, or the state of the Trust's affairs in future financial years.

Matters subsequent to the end of the financial year

Since the end of the financial year the Directors are not aware of any matter or circumstance not otherwise dealt with in this Directors' Report or the Financial Statements that has significantly or may significantly affect the operations of the Trust, the results of those operations, or the state of the Trust's affairs in future financial years.

Distributions

Distributions paid or payable by the Trust for the year ended 30 June 2018 are outlined in note 5 of the Notes to the Financial Statements and form part of this Directors' Report..

DXFM fees

Details of fees paid or payable by the Trust for the year ended 30 June 2018 are outlined in note 13 of the Notes to the Financial Statements and form part of this Directors' Report.

Units on Issue

The movement in units on issue in the Trust during the year and the number of units on issue as at 30 June 2018 are detailed in note 9 of the Notes to the Financial Statements and form part of this Directors' Report.

Environmental regulation

DXS senior management, through its Board Risk Committee, oversees the policies, procedures and systems that have been implemented to ensure the adequacy of its environmental risk management practices. It is the opinion of this Committee that adequate systems are in place for the management of its environmental responsibilities and compliance with its various licence requirements and regulations. Further, the Committee is not aware of any material breaches of these requirements.

Indemnification and insurance

The insurance premium for a policy of insurance indemnifying Directors, officers and others (as defined in the relevant policy of insurance) is paid by Dexus Holdings Pty Limited (DXH).

PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC or the Auditor), is indemnified out of the assets of the Trust pursuant to the Dexus Specific Terms of Business agreed for all engagements with PwC, to the extent that the Trust inappropriately uses or discloses a report prepared by PwC. The Auditor, PwC, is not indemnified for the provision of services where such an indemnification is prohibited by the Corporations Act 2001.

Directors' Report (continued)

Audit

Auditor

PricewaterhouseCoopers continues in office in accordance with section 327 of the Corporations Act 2001.

Non-audit services

The Trust may decide to employ the Auditor on assignments, in addition to its statutory audit duties, where the Auditor's expertise and experience with the Trust and/or DXS are important.

Details of the amounts paid or payable to the Auditor for audit and non-audit services provided during the year are set out in note 11 of the Notes to the Financial Statements.

The Board Audit Committee is satisfied that the provision of non-audit services provided during the year by the Auditor (or by another person or firm on the Auditor's behalf) is compatible with the standard of independence for auditors imposed by the Corporations Act 2001.

The reasons for the Directors being satisfied are:

  • All non-audit services have been reviewed by the Board Audit Committee to ensure that they do not impact the impartiality and objectivity of the auditor
  • None of the services undermine the general principles relating to auditor independence as set out in APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants.

The above Directors' statements are in accordance with the advice received from the Board Audit Committee.

Auditor's Independence Declaration

A copy of the Auditor's Independence Declaration as required under section 307C of the Corporations Act 2001 is set out on page 7 and forms part of this Directors' Report.

Corporate governance

DXFM's Corporate Governance Statement is available at: www.dexus.com/corporategovernance

Rounding of amounts and currency

As the Trust is an entity of the kind referred to in ASIC Corporations (Rounding in Financial/Directors' Reports) Instrument 2016/191, the Directors have chosen to round amounts in this Directors' Report and the accompanying Financial Report to the nearest thousand dollars, unless otherwise indicated. The Trust is an entity to which the Instrument applies. All figures in this Directors' Report and the Financial Statements, except where otherwise stated, are expressed in Australian dollars.

Auditor's Independence Declaration

As lead auditor for the audit of Dexus Industrial Trust for the year ended 3o June zor8, I declare that to the best of my knowledge and belief, there have been:

  • (a) no contraventions of the auditor independence requirements of the Corporations Act 2oo1in relation to the audit; and
  • (b) no contraventions ofanyapplicable code ofprofessional conductin relationto the audit.

This declaration is in respect of Dexus Industrial Trust and the entities it controlled during the period.

Matthew Lunn Partner PricewaterhouseCoopers

Sydney 14 August 2018

PriceuqtqhouseCoopers, ABN gc 78o 4gg 757 OnelnternationalTowersSydney,WatermansQuay,Barangaroo,GPOBOXz6go,smNEy NSW zoot T: +6t z 8266 oooo, F: +6t z 8266 9999,www.pwc.com.au Leuel n, ;?SQ, t6g Macquarie Street, Parramatta NSW zt5o, PO Box ttgg Parramatta NSW ztz4 T: +6t z 9699 2476, F: +6t z 8266 9999,uutD.pwc.com.au

Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation.

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

For the year ended 30 June 2018

2018 2017
Note \$'000 \$'000
Revenue from ordinary activities
Property revenue 2 52,848 57,848
Interest revenue 13,088 11,764
Total revenue from ordinary activities 65,936 69,612
Net fair value gain of investment properties 43,232 53,686
Net gain on sale of investment properties 6 -
Net fair value gain of derivatives - 328
Net foreign exchange gain - 1,440
Total income 109,174 125,066
Expenses
Property expenses 2 (11,517) (12,373)
Management fee expense (2,126) (2,067)
Finance costs 3 (793) (140)
Management operations, corporate and administration expenses (499) (468)
Total expenses (14,935) (15,048)
Profit/(loss) before tax 94,239 110,018
Profit/(loss) for the year 94,239 110,018
Other comprehensive income/(loss):
Other comprehensive income/(loss) - -
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year 94,239 110,018
Cents Cents
Earnings per unit on profit/(loss) attributable to unitholders of the parent entity
Basic earnings per unit 4 9.26 11.34
Diluted earnings per unit 4 9.26 11.34

The above Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

As at 30 June 2018

2018 2017
Note \$'000 \$'000
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents 10(a) 963 1,246
Receivables 10(b) 3,804 2,064
Other current assets 965 1,085
Total current assets 5,732 4,395
Non-current assets
Investment properties 6 744,150 734,211
Loans with related parties 13 230,376 374,016
Derivative financial instruments 7(c) 179 434
Other 25 -
Total non-current assets 974,730 1,108,661
Total assets 980,462 1,113,056
Current liabilities
Payables 10(c) 11,545 6,059
Provisions 10(d) 15,975 26,237
Derivative financial instruments 7(c) 911 358
Total current liabilities 28,431 32,654
Non-current liabilities
Derivative financial instruments 7(c) 8,633 13,165
Other non-current liabilities - 2
Total non-current liabilities 8,633 13,167
Total liabilities 37,064 45,821
Net assets 943,398 1,067,235
Equity
Contributed equity 9 1,139,628 1,314,430
Retained profits/(accumulated losses) (196,230) (247,195)
Total equity 943,398 1,067,235

The above Consolidated Statement of Financial Position should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

For the year ended 30 June 2018

Retained
Contributed profits/
equity (losses) Reserves Total equity
\$'000 \$'000 \$'000 \$'000
Opening balance as at 1 July 2016 1,255,798 (308,625) - 947,173
Profit/(loss) for the period - 110,018 - 110,018
Other comprehensive income/(loss) for the year - - - -
Total comprehensive income for the year - 110,018 - 110,018
Transactions with owners in their capacity as unitholders:
Issue of additional equity, net of transaction costs 58,632 - - 58,632
Distributions paid or provided for - (48,588) - (48,588)
Total transactions with owners in their capacity as owners 58,632 (48,588) - 10,044
Closing balance as at 30 June 2017 1,314,430 (247,195) - 1,067,235
Opening balance as at 1 July 2017 1,314,430 (247,195) - 1,067,235
Profit/(loss) for the period - 94,239 - 94,239
Other comprehensive income/(loss) for the period - - - -
Total comprehensive income for the period - 94,239 - 94,239
Transactions with owners in their capacity as unitholders:
Issue of additional equity, net of transaction costs 475 - - 475
Capital return1 (175,095) - - (175,095)
Buy-back of contributed equity, net of transaction costs (182) - - (182)
Distributions paid or provided for - (43,274) - (43,274)
Total transactions with owners in their capacity as owners (174,802) (43,274) - (218,076)
Closing balance as at 30 June 2018 1,139,628 (196,230) - 943,398

1 DXFM as Responsible Entity of DIT made a capital return of 17.21 cents per unit to the existing unitholders of the capital reallocation process that was approved at the Annual General Meeting on 19 September 2017.

The above Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

Dexus Industrial Trust | Consolidated Statement of Changed in Equity For the year ended 30 June 2018 dexus.com 10

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

For the year ended 30 June 2018

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Cash flows from operating activities
Receipts in the course of operations (inclusive of GST) 67,610 66,724
Payments in the course of operations (inclusive of GST) (21,367) (22,111)
Interest received 18 16
Interest received/(paid) on derivatives (4,387) 5,720
Net cash inflow/(outflow) from operating activities 41,874 50,349
Cash flows from investing activities
Proceeds from sale of investment properties 45,200 -
Payments for capital expenditure on investment properties (15,808) (8,286)
Net cash inflow/(outflow) from investing activities 29,392 (8,286)
Cash flows from financing activities
Borrowings provided to related parties (122,101) (156,269)
Borrowings received from related parties 103,795 102,351
Proceeds from issue of additional equity, net of transactions costs 293 58,632
Distributions paid to unit holders (53,536) (47,972)
Net cash inflow/(outflow) from financing activities (71,549) (43,258)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (283) (1,195)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 1,246 2,441
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 963 1,246

The above Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

About This Report

In this section

This section sets out the basis upon which the Trust's Financial Statements are prepared.

Specific accounting policies are described in their respective notes to the Financial Statements. This section also shows information on new or amended accounting standards and their impact on the financial position and performance of the Trust.

Basis of preparation

The financial statements are general purpose financial reports which have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Constitutions of the entities within the Trust, the Corporations Act 2001, AASB's issued by the Australian Accounting Standards Board and International Financial Reporting Standards adopted by the International Accounting Standard Board.

Unless otherwise stated the financial statements have been prepared using consistent accounting policies in line with those of the previous financial year and corresponding interim reporting period.

The financial statements are presented in Australian dollars, with all values rounded in the nearest thousand dollars in accordance with ASIC Corporations (Rounding in Financial/Directors' Reports) Instrument 2016/191, unless otherwise stated.

The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis using historical cost conventions, except for investment properties, investment properties within the equity accounted investments, derivative financial instruments, and other financial liabilities which are stated at their fair value.

Dexus stapled securities are quoted on the Australian Securities Exchange under the "DXS" code and comprise one unit in each of DDF, DIT, DOT and DXO. Each entity forming part of DXS continues as a separate legal entity in its own right under the Corporations Act 2001 and is therefore required to comply with reporting and disclosure requirements under the Corporations Act 2001 and Australian Accounting Standards.

Working capital deficiency

As at 30 June 2018, the Trust had a net current asset deficiency of \$22.7 million (2017: \$28.3 million). This is primarily due to the provision for distribution of \$16.0 million due to be paid in August 2018.

The capital risk management is not managed at the Trust level, but rather holistically as part of the Group. This is done through a centralised treasury function which ensures that entities within the Group (including DIT) will be able to continue as a going concern.

The Group has in place both external and internal funding arrangements to support the cash flow requirements of the Trust, including undrawn facilities of \$886.6 million [refer to note 13 Interest bearing liabilities in the DXS financial statements].

In the event that the entity requires additional funding to meet current liabilities in the 12 months succeeding the date of this financial report, the Group will make adequate funds available to the Trust.

In determining the basis of preparation of the financial report, the directors of the responsible entity of the Trust, have taken into consideration the unutilised facilities available to the group. As such the Trust is a going concern and the Financial Statements have been prepared on that basis.

Critical accounting estimates

In the process of applying the Group's accounting policies, management has made a number of judgements and applied estimates of future events. Judgements and estimates which are material to the financial report are discussed in the following notes:

Note 6 Investment properties Page 18
Note 7(c) Derivative financials instruments Page 26

Principles of consolidation

These consolidated Financial Statements incorporate the assets, liabilities and results of all subsidiaries as at 30 June 2018.

(a) Controlled entities

Subsidiaries are all entities over which the Trust has control. The Trust controls an entity when the Trust is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power to direct the activities of the entity. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Trust. They are deconsolidated from the date that control ceases.

(b) Joint arrangements

Investments in joint arrangements are classified as either joint operations or joint ventures depending on the contractual rights and obligations each investor has, rather than the legal structure of the joint arrangement.

Joint operations

Where assets are held directly as tenants in common, the Trust's proportionate share of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities are included in their respective items of the Statement of Financial Position and Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Foreign currency

The Financial Statements are presented in Australian dollars.

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the Australian dollars functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at period end exchange rates of financial assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income.

As at 30 June 2018, the Trust had no investments in foreign operations.

Goods and services tax

Revenues, expenses and capital assets are recognised net of any amount of Australian Goods and Services Tax (GST), except where the amount of GST incurred is not recoverable. In these circumstances the GST is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense. Cash flows are included in the Statement of Cash Flows on a gross basis. The GST component of cash flows arising from investing and financing activities that is recoverable from or payable to the Australian Taxation Office is classified as cash flows from operating activities.

New accounting standards and interpretations

Certain new accounting standards and interpretations have been published that are not mandatory for the 30 June 2018 reporting period. The Trust's assessment of the impact of these new standards and interpretations is set out below:

AASB 9 Financial Instruments (effective application for the Trust is 1 July 2018)

AASB 9 addresses the classification, measurement and de-recognition of financial assets and financial liabilities and introduces new rules for hedge accounting and impairment of financial assets. The following areas have specifically been considered.

Impairment of financial assets – The current impairment assessment model is an 'incurred loss' model requiring the Trust to consider whether or not the financial asset is impaired at the date of performing the assessment. Under AASB 9 this model has changed to an 'expected credit loss' model. Under this model, the Trust is required to consider the historical actual write off rates for a type of financial asset, and forward looking indicators that might impact the recoverability of similar financial assets currently recognised. Management is currently working through the model to quantify the impact but does not expect a material impact on the provision for doubtful debts.

The Trust intends to adopt the new standard from 1 July 2018 and will not restate comparative information.

AASB 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (effective application for the Trust is 1 July 2018)

AASB 15 provides new guidance for determining when the Trust should recognise revenue. The new revenue recognition model is based on the principle that revenue is recognised when control of a good or service is transferred to a customer either at a point in time or over time. The model features a contract–based five-step analysis of transactions to determine whether, how much and when revenue is recognised. The Trust's revenue is largely comprised of income under leases (see below), sales of inventory, management fees and development services.

Management has substantially completed its assessment of the impact of transition to the new standard and does not expect there to be an impact on the recognition and measurement of revenue although additional disclosures will be required.

The following specific revenue streams have been assessed:

Income under leases - Within its lease arrangements, the Trust provides certain services to tenants (such as utilities, cleaning, maintenance and certain parking arrangements) which will be accounted for within AASB 15. A portion of the consideration within the lease arrangement will be allocated to revenue for the provision of services. The service revenue will be recognised over time as the services are provided and as such, the timing of recognition of income is not expected to change. Such revenue will, however, be disclosed separately.

The Trust will adopt the new standard from 1 July 2018 using the modified retrospective approach whereby comparatives for the year ended 30 June 2018 will not be restated.

AASB 16 Leases (effective application for the Trust is 1 July 2019)

AASB 16 sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases. In 2018, revenue recognised from leases was approximately \$57.7 million (2017: \$60.8 million). The accounting for this lease income is not expected to change with the adoption of the new standard other than the separation of service income from lease income for disclosure purposes as a result of the application of AASB 15 described above.

With respect to leases where the Trust is lessee, all leases, including ground lease, will be required to be recognised on balance sheet with the exception of short term or low value leases. An asset (the right to use the leased item) and a financial liability to pay rentals will be recognised with associated depreciation expense and finance cost. This differs to the current operating lease treatment where lease payments are recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Trust intends to apply the standard from 1 July 2019.

Notes to the Financial Statements

The notes include information which is required to understand the Financial Statements and is material and relevant to the operations, financial position and performance of the Trust.

The notes are organised into the following sections:

Group performance Property portfolio assets Capital and financial risk
management and working
capital
Other disclosures
1. Operating segments 6. Investment
properties
7. Capital and financial risk
management
11. Audit, taxation and
transaction service
fees
2. Property revenue and
expenses
8. Commitments and
contingencies
12. Cash flow
information
3. Finance costs 9. Contributed equity 13. Related parties
4. Earnings per unit 10. Working capital 14. Parent entity
disclosures
5. Distributions paid and
payable
15. Subsequent events

Trust performance

In this section

This section explains the results and performance of the Trust.

It provides additional information about those individual line items in the Financial Statements that the Directors consider most relevant in the context of the operations of the Trust, including: results by operating segment, property revenue and expenses, management operations, corporate and administration expenses, finance costs, taxation, earnings per unit and distributions paid and payable.

Note 1 Operating segments

Description of segments

The Group's operating segments have been identified based on the sectors analysed within the management reports reviewed in order to monitor performance across the Group and to appropriately allocate resources.

The operating segments within DXS are reviewed on a consolidated basis and are not monitored at an individual trust level.

Disclosures concerning DXS's operating segments are presented in the Dexus Financial Report.

Note 2 Property revenue and expenses

The Trust's main revenue stream is property rental revenue and is derived from holding properties as investment properties and earning rental yields over time. Rental revenue is recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term for leases with fixed rent review clauses.

Prospective tenants may be offered incentives as an inducement to enter into operating leases. The costs of incentives are recognised as a reduction of rental revenue on a straight-line basis from the lease commencement date to the end of the lease term. The carrying amount of the lease incentives is reflected in the fair value of investment properties.

Property revenue is recognised as the service is delivered, in accordance with the terms of the relevant contracts.

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Rent and recoverable outgoings 57,686 60,756
Incentive amortisation (10,192) (6,575)
Other revenue 5,354 3,667
Total property revenue 52,848 57,848

Property expenses of \$11.5 million (2017: \$12.4 million) includes rates, taxes and other property outgoings incurred in relation to investment properties.

Note 3 Finance costs

Borrowing costs include interest, amortisation or other costs incurred in connection with arrangement of borrowings and net fair value movements of interest rate swaps. Borrowing costs are expensed as incurred unless they relate to qualifying assets.

A qualifying asset is an asset under development which takes a substantial period of time, where the works being carried out to bring it to its intended use or sale are expected to exceed 12 months in duration. Finance costs incurred for the acquisition and construction of a qualifying asset are capitalised to the cost of the asset for the period of time that is required to complete the asset. To the extent that funds are borrowed generally to fund development, the amount of borrowing costs to be capitalised to qualifying assets must be determined by using an appropriate capitalisation rate.

Note 3 Finance costs (continued)

2018
\$'000
2017
\$'000
Interest paid/payable - 80
Net fair value (gain)/loss of interest rate swaps 663 -
Amount capitalised (89) -
Other finance costs 219 60
Total finance costs 793 140

The average capitalisation rate used to determine the amount of borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation if 5.75%.

Note 4 Earnings per unit

Earnings per unit are determined by dividing the net profit attributable to unitholders by the weighted average number of ordinary units outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per unit are adjusted from the basic earnings per unit by taking into account the impact of dilutive potential units.

a) Net profit used in calculating basic and diluted earnings per unit

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Profit attributable to unitholders of the parent entity 94,239 109,849

b) Weighted average number of units used as a denominator

2018 2017
No. of units No. of units
Weighted average number of units outstanding used in calculation of basic
and diluted earnings per unit 1,017,299,246 968,484,893

Note 5 Distributions paid and payable

Distributions are recognised when declared.

a) Distribution to security holders

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
31 December (paid 28 February 2018) 27,299 22,351
30 June (payable 30 August 2018) 15,975 26,237
Total distribution to unitholders 43,274 48,588

b) Distribution rate

2018 2017
Cents per unit Cents per unit
31 December (paid 28 February 2018) 2.68 2.31
30 June (payable 30 August 2018) 1.57 2.58
Total distributions 4.25 4.89

Property portfolio assets

Note 6 Investment properties

The Trust's investment properties consist of properties held for long-term rental yields and/or capital appreciation and property that is being constructed or developed for future use as investment property. Investment properties are initially recognised at cost including transaction costs. Investment properties are subsequently carried at fair value.

The basis of valuations of investment properties is fair value, being the price that would be received to sell the asset in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

Changes in fair values are recorded in the Statement of Comprehensive Income. The gain or loss on disposal of an investment property is calculated as the difference between the carrying amount of the asset at the date of disposal and the net proceeds from disposal and is included in the Statement of Comprehensive Income in the year of disposal.

Subsequent redevelopment and refurbishment costs (other than repairs and maintenance) are capitalised to the investment property where they result in an enhancement in the future economic benefits of the property.

Leasing fees incurred and incentives provided are capitalised and amortised over the lease periods to which they relate.

a) Reconciliation

Office Industrial Development 2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000 \$'000 \$'000 \$'000
Opening balance at the beginning of the year 196,000 528,007 10,204 734,211 674,321
Additions 10,423 6,160 420 17,003 8,089
Lease incentives 2,421 4,473 - 6,894 4,811
Amortisation of lease incentives (4,496) (5,696) - (10,192) (6,575)
Rent straightlining (1,267) (531) - (1,798) (121)
Disposals - (45,200) - (45,200) -
Net fair value gain/(loss) of investment properties 19,919 23,577 (264) 43,232 53,686
Closing balance at the end of the year 223,000 510,790 10,360 744,150 734,211

b) Valuations process

Independent valuations are carried out for each individual property at least once every three years by a member of the Australian Property Institute of valuers. Each valuation firm and its signatory valuer are appointed on the basis that they are engaged for no more than three consecutive valuations except properties under development and co-owned properties. Independent valuations may be undertaken earlier where the Responsible Entity believes there is potential for a change in the fair value of the property being the greater of 5% of the asset value, or \$5.0 million. At 30 June 2018, all investment properties were independently externally valued.

The Trust's investment properties are required to be internally valued at least every six months at each reporting period (interim and full-year) unless they have been independently externally valued. Internal valuations are compared to the carrying value of investment properties at the reporting date. Where the Directors determine that the internal valuations present a more reliable estimate of fair value the internal valuation is adopted as book value. Internal valuations are performed by the Trust's internal valuers who hold recognised relevant professional qualifications and have previous experience as property valuers from major real estate valuation firms.

An appropriate valuation methodology is utilised according to asset class. In relation to office and industrial assets this includes the capitalisation approach (market approach) and the discounted cash flow approach (income approach). The valuation is also compared to, and supported by, direct comparison to recent market transactions. The adopted capitalisation rates and discount rates are determined based on industry expertise and knowledge and, where possible, a direct comparison to third party rates for similar assets in a comparable location. Rental revenue from current leases and assumptions about future leases, as well as any expected operational cash outflows in relation to the property, are also built into each asset assessment of fair value.

In relation to development properties under construction for future use as investment property, where reliably measurable, fair value is determined based on the market value of the property on the assumption it had already been completed at the valuation date (using the methodology as outlined above) less costs still required to complete the project, including an appropriate adjustment for industry benchmarked profit and development risk.

Note 6 Investment properties (continued)

c) Fair value measurement, valuation techniques and inputs

The following table represents the level of the fair value hierarchy and the associated unobservable inputs utilised in the fair value measurement for each class of investment property.

Fair value Range of unobservable inputs
Class of property hierarchy Inputs used to measure fair value 2018 2017
Office1 Level 3 Adopted capitalisation rate 6.25% 6.50%
Adopted discount rate 7.00% 7.50%
Adopted terminal yield 6.50% 6.75%
Current net market rental (per sqm) \$429 \$388
Industrial Level 3 Adopted capitalisation rate 5.75% - 11.00% 6.25% - 11.00%
Adopted discount rate 7.00% - 11.00% 7.25% - 11.25%
Adopted terminal yield 6.00% - 11.00% 6.50% - 11.25%
Current net market rental (per sqm) \$38 - \$338 \$38 - \$335
Development Land rate (per sqm) \$425 \$415

1 Excludes car parks.

Key estimates: inputs used to measure fair value of investment properties

Judgement is required in determining the following key assumptions:

  • Adopted capitalisation rate: The rate at which net market rental revenue is capitalised to determine the value of a property. The rate is determined with regard to market evidence and the prior external valuation.
  • Adopted discount rate: The rate of return used to convert cash flows, payable or receivable in the future, into present value. It reflects the opportunity cost of capital, that is, the rate of return the cash can earn if put to other uses having similar risk. The rate is determined with regard to market evidence and the prior external valuation.
  • Adopted terminal yield: The capitalisation rate used to convert the future net market rental revenue into an indication of the anticipated value of the property at the end of the holding period when carrying out a discounted cash flow calculation. The rate is determined with regard to market evidence and the prior external valuation.
  • Net market rental (per sqm): The net market rent is the estimated amount for which a property should lease between a lessor and a lessee on appropriate lease terms in an arm's length transaction.
  • Land rate (per sqm): The land rate is the market land value per sqm.

d) Sensitivity information

Significant movement in any one of the inputs listed in the table above may result in a change in the fair value of the Trust's investment properties as shown below.

Significant inputs Fair value measurement sensitivity to
significant increase in input
Fair value measurement sensitivity
to significant decrease in input
Adopted capitalisation rate
Adopted discount rate Decrease Increase
Adopted terminal yield
Net market rental (per sqm)
Land rate (per sqm) Increase Decrease

Generally, a change in the assumption made for the adopted capitalisation rate is often accompanied by a directionally similar change in the adopted terminal yield. The adopted capitalisation rate forms part of the capitalisation approach whilst the adopted terminal yield forms part of the discounted cash flow approach.

Property portfolio assets (continued)

Note 6 Investment properties (continued)

d) Sensitivity information (continued)

Under the capitalisation approach, the net market rental has a strong interrelationship with the adopted capitalisation rate as the fair value of the investment property is derived by capitalising, in perpetuity, the total net market rent receivable. An increase (softening) in the adopted capitalisation rate may offset the impact to fair value of an increase in the total net market rent. A decrease (tightening) in the adopted capitalisation rate may also offset the impact to fair value of a decrease in the total net market rent. A directionally opposite change in the total net market rent and the adopted capitalisation rate may increase the impact to fair value.

The discounted cash flow is primarily made up of the discounted cash flow of net income over the cash flow period and the discounted terminal value (which is largely based upon market rents grown at forecast market rental growth rates capitalised at an adopted terminal yield). An increase (softening) in the adopted discount rate may offset the impact to fair value of a decrease (tightening) in the adopted terminal yield. A decrease (tightening) in the discount rate may offset the impact to fair value of an increase (softening) in the adopted terminal yield. A directionally similar change in the adopted discount rate and the adopted terminal yield may increase the impact to fair value.

A decrease (softening) in the forecast rental growth rate may result in a negative impact on the discounted cash flow approach value whilst a strengthening may have a positive impact on the value under the same approach.

Capital and financial risk management and working capital

In this section

The Trust's overall risk management program focuses on reducing volatility from impacts of movements in financial markets and seeks to minimise potential adverse effects on the financial performance of the Trust.

Note 7 Capital and financial risk management outlines how the Trust manages its exposure to a variety of financial risks (interest rate risk, foreign currency risk, liquidity risk and credit risk) and details the various derivative financial instruments entered into by the Trust.

The Board determines the appropriate capital structure of the Group, how much is borrowed from financial institutions and capital markets (debt), and how much is raised from security holders (equity) in order to finance the Trust's activities both now and in the future. This capital structure is detailed in the following notes:

  • Debt: Commitments and contingencies in note 8;
  • Equity: Contributed equity in note 9.

Note 10 provides a breakdown of the working capital balances held in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

Note 7 Capital and financial risk management

Capital and financial risk management is carried out through a centralised treasury function which is governed by a Board approved Treasury Policy. The Group has an established governance structure which consists of the Group Management Committee and Capital Markets Committee.

The Board of the Responsible Entity has appointed a Group Management Committee responsible for achieving Dexus's goals and objectives, including the prudent financial and risk management of the Group. A Capital Markets Committee has been established to advise the Group Management Committee.

The Capital Markets Committee is a management committee that is accountable to the Board. It convenes at least quarterly and conducts a review of financial risk management exposures including liquidity, funding strategies and hedging. It is also responsible for the development of financial risk management policies and funding strategies for recommendation to the Board, and the approval of treasury transactions within delegated limits and powers.

a) Capital risk management

The Group manages its capital to ensure that entities within the Group will be able to continue as a going concern while maximising the return to owners through the optimisation of the debt and equity balance.

The capital structure of the DXS Group consists of debt, cash and cash equivalents and equity attributable to security holders. The Group continuously monitors its capital structure and it is managed in consideration of the following factors:

  • the cost of capital and the financial risks associated with each class of capital;
  • gearing levels and other debt covenants;
  • potential impacts on net tangible assets and security holders' equity;
  • potential impacts on the Group's credit rating; and
  • other market factors.

The Trust is not rated by ratings agencies, however DXS has been rated A- by Standard and Poor's (S&P) and A3 by Moody's. Gearing levels and bank debt covenants are managed holistically as part of the DXS Group.

DXFM, the Responsible Entity for the Trust, has been issued with an Australian Financial Services Licence (AFSL). The licence is subject to certain capital requirements including the requirement to maintain liquidity above specified limits. DXFM must also prepare rolling cash projections over at least the next 12 months and demonstrate it will have access to sufficient financial resources to meet its liabilities that are expected to be payable over that period. Cash projections and assumptions are approved, at least quarterly, by the Board of the Responsible Entity.

b) Financial risk management

The Trust's overall risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimise potential adverse effects on the financial performance of the Trust. The Trust's principal financial instruments, other than derivatives, comprise cash, bank loans and capital markets issuance. The main purpose of financial instruments is to manage liquidity and hedge the Trust's exposure to financial risks namely:

  • interest rate risk;
  • liquidity risk; and
  • credit risk.

The Trust uses derivatives to reduce the Trust's exposure to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign exchange rates. These derivatives create an obligation or a right that effectively transfers one or more of the risks associated with an underlying financial instrument, asset or obligation. Derivative financial instruments that the Trust may use to hedge its risks include:

  • interest rate swaps;
  • interest rate options.

The Trust does not trade in derivative instruments for speculative purposes. The Trust uses different methods to measure the different types of risks to which it is exposed, including monitoring the current and forecast levels of exposure and conducting sensitivity analysis.

i) Market risk

Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk arises from interest bearing financial assets and liabilities that the Trust utilises. Non-derivative interest bearing financial instruments are predominantly short term liquid assets and long term debt issued at fixed rates which expose the Trust to fair value interest rate risk as the Trust may pay higher interest costs than if it were at variable rates. The Trust's borrowings which have a variable interest rate give rise to cash flow interest rate risk due to movements in variable interest rates.

The Trust's risk management policy for interest rate risk seeks to minimise the effects of interest rate movements on its asset and liability portfolio through active management of the exposures.

The Trust primarily enters into interest rate derivatives to manage the associated interest rate risk. The derivative contracts are recorded at fair value in the Statement of Financial Position, being the market value as quoted in an active market.

Interest rate derivatives require settlement of net interest receivable or payable generally each 90 or 180 days. The settlement dates coincide with the dates on which the interest is payable on the underlying debt. The receivable and payable legs on interest rate derivative contracts are settled on a net basis.

b) Financial risk management (continued)

i) Market risk (continued)

Interest rate risk (continued)
June 2019 June 2020 June 2021 June 2022 June 2023
\$'000 \$'000 \$'000 \$'000 \$'000
A\$ hedged 120,000 40,000 - - -
A\$ hedged rate (%) 6.04% 6.04% - - -

Sensitivity analysis on interest expense

The table below shows the impact on the Trust's net interest expense of a 50 basis point movement in market interest rates. The sensitivity on cash flow arises due to the impact that a change in interest rates will have on the Trust's floating rate debt and derivative cash flows on average during the financial year. Net interest expense is only sensitive to movements in market rates to the extent that floating rate debt is not hedged.

2018 2017
(+/-) \$'000 (+/-) \$'000
+/- 0.50% (50 basis points) A\$ 1,752 1,870
Total A\$ equivalent 1,752 1,870

The movement in interest expense is proportional to the movement in interest rates.

Sensitivity analysis on fair value of interest rate derivatives

The sensitivity analysis on interest rate derivatives below shows the effect on net profit or loss of changes in the fair value of interest rate derivatives for a 50 basis point movement in short-term and long-term market interest rates. The sensitivity on fair value arises from the impact that changes in market rates will have on the valuation of the interest rate derivatives.

The fair value of interest rate derivatives is calculated as the present value of estimated future cash flows on the instruments. Although interest rate derivatives are transacted for the purpose of providing the Trust with an economic hedge, the Trust has elected not to apply hedge accounting to these instruments. Accordingly, gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value are reflected in the profit or loss.

2018 2017
(+/-) \$'000 (+/-) \$'000
+/- 0.50% (50 basis points) A\$ 770 1,255
Total A\$ equivalent 770 1,255

ii) Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is associated with ensuring that there are sufficient funds available to meet the Trust's financial commitments as and when they fall due and planning for any unforeseen events which may curtail cash flows. The Trust identifies and manages liquidity risk across the following categories:

  • short-term liquidity management covering the month ahead on a rolling basis with continuous monitoring of forecast and actual cash flows;
  • medium-term liquidity management of liquid assets, working capital and standby facilities to cover Trust cash requirements over the next 1-24 month period. The Trust maintains a level of committed borrowing facilities above the forecast committed debt requirements (liquidity headroom buffer). Committed debt includes future
  • expenditure that has been approved by the Board or Investment Committee (as required within delegated limits); and
  • long-term liquidity management through ensuring an adequate spread of maturities of borrowing facilities so that refinancing risk is not concentrated in certain time periods and ensuring an adequate diversification of funding sources where possible, subject to market conditions.

Refinancing risk

Refinancing risk is the risk that the Trust:

  • will be unable to refinance its debt facilities as they mature; and/or
  • will only be able to refinance its debt facilities at unfavourable interest rates and credit market conditions (margin price risk).

The Group's key risk management strategy for margin price risk on refinancing is to spread the maturities of debt facilities over different time periods to reduce the volume of facilities to be refinanced and the exposure to market conditions in any one period. An analysis of the contractual maturities of the Trust's interest-bearing liabilities and derivative financial instruments is shown in the table below. The amounts in the table represent undiscounted cash flows.

2018 2017
Within one
year
\$'000
Between one
and two years
\$'000
Between two
and five years
\$'000
After five
years
\$'000
Within one
year
\$'000
Between one
and two years
\$'000
Between two
\$'000
and five years After five years
\$'000
Payables (11,545) (6,059)
Interest bearing liabilities & interest
Loans receivable/(payable) with related parties and
interest
9,843 240,300 - - 15,746 16,517 390,899
Total interest bearing liabilities & interest1 9,843 240,300 - - 15,746 16,517 390,899 -
Derivative financial instruments
Derivative liabilities
(6,244) (1,373) - - (4,909) (5,925) (1,232) -
Total net derivative financial instruments2 (6,244) (1,373) - - (4,909) (5,925) (1,232) -

1 Includes estimated interest and fees.

2 For interest rate swaps, only the net interest cash flows (not the notional principal) are included. Refer to note 7(c) for fair value of derivatives Refer to note 8(b) for financial guarantees.

iii) Credit risk

The Trust is exposed to credit risk on cash balances and on derivative financial instruments with financial institutions. The Trust has a policy that sets limits as to the amount of credit exposure to each financial institution. New derivatives and cash transactions are limited to financial institutions that meet minimum credit rating criteria in accordance with the Trust's policy requirements.

Financial instrument transactions are spread among a number of approved financial institutions within specified credit limits to minimise the Trust's exposure to any one counterparty. As a result, there is no significant concentration of credit risk for financial instruments. The maximum exposure to credit risk at 30 June 2018 is the carrying amounts of financial assets recognised on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

The Trust is exposed to credit risk on trade receivable balances. The Trust has a policy to continuously assess and monitor the credit quality of trade debtors on an ongoing basis. Given the historical profile and exposure of the trade receivables, it has been determined that no significant concentrations of credit risk exists for trade receivables balances. The maximum exposure to credit risk at 30 June 2018 is the carrying amounts of the trade receivables recognised on the Statement of Financial Position.

iv) Fair value

As at 30 June 2018 and 30 June 2017, the carrying amounts of financial assets and liabilities are held at fair value. The Trust uses the following methods in the determination and disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments:

Level 1: The fair value is calculated using quoted prices in active markets.

Level 2: The fair value is determined using inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

Level 3: The fair value is estimated using inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable data.

All financial instruments, excluding cash, were measured at Level 2 for the periods presented in this report. During the year, there were no transfers between Level 1, 2 and 3 fair value measurements.

Key assumptions: fair value of derivatives

The fair value of derivatives has been determined based on observable market inputs (interest rates) and applying a credit or debit value adjustment based on the current credit worthiness of counterparties and the Trust.

v) Offsetting financial assets and financial liabilities

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the Statement of Financial Position where there is a legally enforceable right to set-off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. No financial assets and liabilities are currently held under netting arrangements.

Master Netting arrangements – not currently enforceable

Agreements with derivative counterparties are based on an ISDA Master Agreement. Under the terms of these arrangements, where certain credit events occur (such as default), the net position owing/receivable to a single counterparty in the same currency will be taken as owing and all the relevant arrangements terminated. As the Trust does not presently have a legally enforceable right of set-off, these amounts have not been offset in the Statement of Financial Position.

c) Derivative financial instruments

A derivative is a type of financial instrument typically used to manage risk. A derivative's value changes over time in response to underlying variables including interest rates or exchange rates and is entered into for a fixed period. A hedge is where a derivative is used to manage an underlying exposure and the Group uses derivatives to manage its exposure to interest rates and foreign exchange risk accordingly.

Written policies and limits are approved by the Board of Directors of the Responsible Entity, in relation to the use of financial instruments to manage financial risks. The Responsible Entity regularly reviews the Trust's exposures and updates its treasury policies and procedures. The Trust does not trade in derivative instruments for speculative purposes.

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Non-current assets
Interest rate swap contracts 179 434
Total non-current assets - derivative financial instruments 179 434
Current liabilities
Interest rate swap contracts
Total current liabilities - derivative financial instruments
911
911
358
358
Non-current liabilities
Interest rate swap contracts
8,633 13,165
Total non-current liabilities - derivative financial instruments 8,633 13,165
Net derivative financial instruments (9,365) (13,089)

Note 8 Commitments and contingencies

a) Commitments

Capital commitments

The following amounts represent remaining capital expenditure on investment properties and inventories contracted at the end of each reporting period but not recognised as liabilities payable:

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Investment properties 12,640 2,166
Total capital commitments 12,640 2,166

Note 8 Commitments and contingencies (continued)

a) Commitments (continued)

Lease receivable commitments

The future minimum lease payments receivable by the Trust are:

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Within one year 49,194 40,439
Later than one year but not later than five years 192,032 133,890
Later than five years 39,645 48,675
Total lease receivable commitments 280,871 223,004

Payments made under operating leases are expensed on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, except where an alternative basis is more representative of the pattern of benefits to be derived from the leased property.

b) Contingencies

The Trust, together with DXO, DOT and DDF, is a guarantor of A\$4,358.9 million of interest bearing liabilities (refer to note 13 of the Dexus Financial Report). The guarantees have been given in support of debt outstanding and drawn against these facilities, and may be called upon in the event that a borrowing entity has not complied with certain requirements such as failure to pay interest or repay a borrowing, whichever is earlier. During the period no guarantees were called.

The above guarantees are issued in respect of the Trust and do not constitute an additional liability to those already existing in interest bearing liabilities on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

The Directors of the Responsible Entity are not aware of any other contingent liabilities in relation to the Trust, other than those disclosed in the Financial Statements, which should be brought to the attention of unit holders as at the date of completion of this report.

Note 9 Contributed equity

Number of units on issue

2018 2017
No. of units No. of units
Opening balance at the beginning of the year 1,016,967,300 967,947,692
Issue of additional equity 437,242 49,019,608
Buy-back of contributed equity (207,665) -
Closing balance at the end of the year 1,017,196,877 1,016,967,300

Each stapled security ranks equally with all other stapled securities for the purposes of distributions and on termination of the Trust.

Each stapled security entitles the holder to vote in accordance with the provisions of the Constitutions and the Corporations Act 2001.

Transaction costs arising on the issue of equity instruments are recognised directly in equity (net of tax) as a reduction of the proceeds of the equity instruments to which the costs relate. Transaction costs are the costs that are incurred directly in connection with the issue of those equity instruments and which would not have been incurred had those instruments not been issued.

Capital and financial risk management and working capital (continued)

Note 10 Working capital

a) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions and other short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

b) Receivables

Rental, management fees and interest revenue are brought to account on an accruals basis. Dividends and distributions are recognised when declared and, if not received at the end of the reporting period, reflected in the Statement of Financial Position as a receivable.

Trade and other receivables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method, less provision for doubtful debts. Trade receivables are required to be settled within 30 days and are assessed on an ongoing basis for impairment. Receivables which are known to be uncollectable are written off by reducing the carrying amount directly. A provision for doubtful debts is established when there is objective evidence that the Trust will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the original terms of the receivables.

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Rent receivable 1,568 735
Total rental receivables 1,568 735
Interest receivable 966 1,045
Other receivables 1,270 284
Total other receivables 2,236 1,329
Total receivables 3,804 2,064

c) Payables

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Trade creditors 836 897
Accruals 1,386 1,384
Accrued capital expenditure 6,113 2,412
Prepaid income 2,820 1,043
Management fee payable 186 184
Other payables 204 139
Total payables 11,545 6,059

Note 10 Working capital (continued)

d) Provisions

A provision is recognised when an obligation exists as a result of a past event and it is probable that a future outflow of cash or other benefit will be required to settle the obligation.

In accordance with the Trust's Constitution, the Trust distributes its distributable income to unitholders by cash or reinvestment. Distributions are provided for when they are approved by the Board of Directors and declared.

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Provision for distribution 15,975 26,237
Total current provisions 15,975 26,237

Movements in each class of provision during the financial year, other than employee benefits, are set out below:

2018
\$'000
2017
\$'000
Provision for distribution
Opening balance at the beginning of the year 26,237 25,621
Additional provisions 43,274 48,588
Payment of distributions (53,536) (47,972)
Closing balance at the end of the year 15,975 26,237

A provision for distribution has been raised for the period ended 30 June 2018. This distribution is to be paid on 30 August 2018.

Other disclosures

In this section

This section includes other information that must be disclosed to comply with the Accounting Standards, the Corporations Act 2001 or the Corporations Regulations, but which are not considered critical in understanding the financial performance or position of the Trust.

Note 11 Audit, taxation and transaction service fees

During the year, the Auditor and its related practices earned the following remuneration:

2018 2017
\$ \$
Audit fees
PwC Australia - audit and review of Financial Statements
266,264
269,280
PwC fees paid in relation to outgoings audits
8,500
6,426
PwC Australia - regulatory audit and compliance services
9,078
9,180
Audit fees paid to PwC
283,842
284,886

Note 12 Cash flow information

a) Reconciliation of cash flows from operating activities

Reconciliation of net profit after income tax to net cash inflows from operating activities:

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Net profit/(loss) for the year 94,239 110,018
Capitalised interest (89) -
Net fair value (gain)/loss of investment properties (43,232) (53,686)
Net fair value (gain)/loss of interest rate swaps - (675)
Net (gain)/loss on sale of investment properties (6) -
Net foreign exchange (gain)/loss - (1,623)
Provision for doubtful debts - (296)
Change in operating assets and liabilities
(Increase)/decrease in receivables (1,819) 1,195
(Increase)/decrease in other current assets 120 (14)
(Increase)/decrease in derivative financial instruments - 8,675
(Increase)/decrease in other non-current assets (5,144) (7,641)
Increase/(decrease) in payables 1,786 (2,758)
Increase/(decrease) in current liabilities 553 (17)
Increase/(decrease) in other non-current liabilities (4,534) (2,828)
Net cash inflow/(outflow) from operating activities 41,874 50,350

Note 13 Related parties

Responsible Entity

DXFM is the Responsibility Entity of the Trust.

Management Fees

Under the terms of the Trust's Constitutions, the Responsible Entity is entitled to receive fees in relation to the management of the Trust. DXFM's parent entity, DXH, is entitled to be reimbursed for administration expenses incurred on behalf of the Trust. Dexus Property Services Pty Limited (DXPS), a wholly owned subsidiary of DXH, is entitled to property management fees from the Trust.

Related party transactions

Responsible Entity fees in relation to the Trust assets are on a cost recovery basis.

Transactions with related parties

There were a number of transactions and balances between the Trust and the Responsible Entity and its related entities, as detailed below:

2018 2017
\$ \$
2,126,429 2,066,916
1,338,909 1,404,971
186,038 183,553
125,235 109,874
29,746 7,631

Entities within DXS

Aggregate amounts included in the determination of profit that resulted from transactions with each class of other related parties:

2018 2017
\$ \$
Interest revenue 13,087,776 11,748,744
Interest bearing loans advanced from entities within DXS 278,708,594 102,350,486
Interest bearing loans advanced to entities within DXS 135,068,302 156,268,846

Loans with related parties

Non-current loans with related parties are interest bearing loans with Dexus Finance Pty Limited (DXF). These loan balances eliminate on consolidation within DXS.

Key management personnel compensation

2018
\$'000
2017
\$'000
Compensation
Short-term employee benefits 9,275 8,967
Post employment benefits 350 717
Security-based payments 3,725 3,011
Total key management personnel compensation 13,350 12,695

Note 14 Parent entity disclosures

The financial information for the parent entity of Dexus Industrial Trust has been prepared on the same basis as the Consolidated Financial Statements except as set out below.

Distributions received from associates are recognised in the parent entity's Statement of Comprehensive Income, rather than being deducted from the carrying amount of these investments.

Interests held by the parent entity in controlled entities are measured at fair value through profit and loss to reduce a measurement or recognition inconsistency.

a) Summary financial information

The individual Financial Statements for the parent entity show the following aggregate amounts:

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Total current assets 3,344 4,288
Total assets 966,610 1,058,399
Total current liabilities 20,906 37,909
Total liabilities 29,538 51,076
Equity
Contributed equity 1,139,628 1,314,430
Reserves - -
Retained profits (202,556) (307,106)
Total equity 937,072 1,007,324
Net profit/(loss) for the year 147,824 52,398
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year 147,824 52,398

b) Guarantees entered into by the parent entity

Refer to note 8 for details of guarantees entered into by the parent entity.

c) Contingent liabilities

The parent entity had no contingent liabilities as at 30 June 2018 (2017: nil)

d) Capital commitments

The following amounts represent capital expenditure of the parent entity on investment properties contracted at the end of the reporting period but not recognised as liabilities payable:

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Investment properties 467 203
Total capital commitments 467 203

Note 15 Subsequent events

Since the end of the year, the Directors are not aware of any matter or circumstance not otherwise dealt with in their Directors' Report or the Financial Statements that has significantly or may significantly affect the operations of the Trust, the results of those operations, or state of the Trust's affairs in future financial periods.

Indep endent quditor's r ep ort

To the stapled security holders of Dexus Industrial Trust

Report on the audit of thefinancial report

Our optnion

In our opinion:

The accompanylng financial report of Dexus Industrial Trust (the Registered Scheme) and its controlled entities (together the Group) is in accordance with the Corporations Act 2oor, including:

  • (a) giving a true and fair view of the Group's financial position as at 30 June zorS and of its financial performance for the year then ended
  • (b) complying with Australian Accounting Standards and the Corporations Regulations zoot.

I'Vhat toe hanse qudited.

The Group financial report comprises:

  • o the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as at 30 June zor8
  • r the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the year then ended
  • . the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity for the year then ended
  • o the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year then ended
  • o the Notes to the Financial Statements, which include significant accounting policies
  • o the Directors' Declaration.

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with Australian Auditing Standards. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Audrto r's responsibilities for the audit of the financial report section ofour report.

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Independence

We are independent of the Group in accordance with the auditor independence requirements of the Corporations Act eoot and the ethical requirements of the Accounting Professional and Ethical Standards Board's APES rro Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (the Code) that are relevant to our audit of the financial report in Australia. We have also fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with the Code.

PricewaterhouseCoopers, ABN gz 78o 4Sg 757 One International Towers Sydney, Watermans Quay, Barangqroo, GPO BOX z6So, SIDNEY NSW zoot T: +6t z 8266 oooo, F: +6t z 8266 9999,wwwpwucom.au Leuel tt, IPSQ, t69 Macquarie Street, Parramatta NSW zt5o, PO Box ttg5 Parramqtta NSW ztz4 T: +6t z 9699 2476, F: +6t z 8266 9999,www.pwc.com.au

Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation.

Our audit approach

An audit is designed to provide reasonable assurance about whether the financial report is free from material misstatement. Misstatements may arise due to fraud or error. They are considered material if individually or in aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis ofthe financial report.

We tailored the scope of our audit to ensure that we performed enough work to be able to give an opinion on the financial report as a whole, taking into account the geographic and management structure of the Group, its accounting processes and controls and the industry in which it operates.

For the purpose ofour audit we used overall materiality of \$3.o million, which represents approximately S% of the Group's adjusted profit before tax (Funds From Operations or FFO).

  • We applied this threshold, together with qualitative considerations, to determine the scope ofour audit and the nature, timing and extent of our audit procedures and to evaluate the effect of misstatements on the financial report as a whole.
  • We chose FFO because, in our view, it is the key perforrnance measure of the Group. An explanation of what is included in FFO is outlined in Note r, Operating segments of the Dexus Annual Report. a
  • We utlised a 5% threshold based on our professional judgement, noting it is within the range of commonly acceptable profi t related thresholds.

The Group is a consolidated entity with operations in Australia. The scope ofour audit included the parent entity Dexus Industrial Trust and its controlled entities.

Our audit focused on where the Group made subjective judgements; for example, significant accounting estimates involving assumptions and inherently uncertain future events.

a

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  • Amongst other relevant topics, we communicated the following key audit matter to the Board Audit Committee:
  • Valuation of investment properties
  • This is further described in the Key audit matters section of our report.

Key audit mltters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the financial report for the current period. The key audit matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial report as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. Further, any commentary on the outcomes of a particular audit procedure is made in that context.

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Vc.luc,tion of inu esftnent properties (Refer to Note 6)

The Group's investment property portfolio comprises \$Z++l million (zotzl gzg+.2 million) of industrial properties directly held in Australia.

Investment properties are carried at fair value at reporting date using the Group's policy as described in Note 6. The valuation of investment properties is dependent on a number ofassumptions and inputs including, tenant information, property age and location, expected future rental profiles, and prevailing market conditions. Amongst others, the following assumptions are key in establishing fair value:

  • . The capitalisation rate
  • . The adopted discount rate.

We considered the valuation of investment properties to be a key audit matter due to the:

  • o Financial significance of investment properties in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
  • o Potential for changes in the fair value of investment properties to have a significant effect on the Group's comprehensive income.
  • o Inherently subjective nature of investment property valuations arising from the use of assumptions in the valuation methodology.
  • o Sensitivity ofvaluations to key input assumptions, including capitalisation rates, and discount rates.

To assess properties we performed the following procedures amongst others

  • We considered the valuation methodology adopted bythe Group and found it to be consistent with commonly accepted valuation approaches used for investment properties in the industry and the Group's valuation policy.
  • We obtained recent independent property market reports to develop an understanding ofthe prevailing market conditions in which the Group invests. We leveraged this knowledge to form independent expectations for movements in investment property values and underlying key assumptions such as capitalisation rates and discount rates. a
  • a We compared the capitalisation rates and discount rates used by the Group to ranges we determined were reasonable based on benchmark market data. Where capitalisation rates, discount rates and/or movements in individual property valuations fell outside of our anticipated ranges, we performed the following procedures, amongst others:
  • Met with the Group's Senior Valuation Manager and discussed the specifics ofthe selected individual properties including, amongst other things, any new leases entered into during the year, lease expiries, capital expenditure and vacancy rates.
  • Agreed significant changes in inputs to supporting documentation such as new lease agreements.

We found that typicallythe variances related to the relative age, or size/location ofthe individual property in comparison to the market. In the context of the specific properties identified, we found the reasons for variances appropriate.

As the Group engaged external experts to determine the fair value of investment properties, we considered the independence, experience and competency of the Group's independent experts as well as the results oftheir procedures. a

Other information

The Directors of the responsible entity of the Group, Dexus Funds Management Limited (the Directors), are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the financial report for the year ended 30 June zor8, including the Directors' Report, but does not include the financial statements and related note disclosures and our auditor's report thereon.

Our opinion on the financial report does not cover the other information and accordingly we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit of the financial report, our responsibility is to read the other information identified above and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial report or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.

If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard.

Responsibilities of the Directors for the financial report

The Directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial report that gives a true and fair view in accordance with Australian Accounting Standards and the Corporations Act zoot and for such internal control as the Directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of the financial report that gives a true and fair view and is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial report, the Directors are responsible for assessing the ability of the Group to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the Directors either intend to liquidate the Group or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial report

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial report as a whole is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level ofassurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with the Australian Auditing Standards will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions ofusers taken on the basis ofthe financial report.

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial report is located at the Auditing and Assurance Standards Board website at:

http://www.auasb.gov.au/auditors_responsibilities/arr.pdf. This description forms part of our auditor's report.

PricewaterhouseCoopers

Matthew Lunn Partner

Sydney 4 August 2018

Dexus Office Trust Financial Report 30 June 2018

Directors' Report 1
Auditor's Independence Declaration 7
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 8
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 9
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 10
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 11
About This Report 12
Notes to the Financial Statements 15
Trust performance 16
Note 1 Operating segments 16
Note 2 Property revenue and expenses 16
Note 3 Finance costs 17
Note 4 Earnings per unit 17
Note 5 Distributions paid and payable 18
Property portfolio assets 19
Note 6 Investment properties 19
Note 7 Investments accounted for using the equity method 22
Note 8 Non-current assets classified as held for sale 24
Capital and financial risk management and working capital 25
Note 9 Capital and financial risk management 25
Note 10 Commitments and contingencies 31
Note 11 Loans with related parties 31
Note 12 Contributed equity 32
Note 13 Working capital 32
Other disclosures 34
Note 14 Audit, taxation and transaction service fees 34
Note 15 Cash flow information 34
Note 16 Related parties 35
Note 17 Parent entity disclosures 36
Note 18 Subsequent events 37
Directors' Declaration 38
Independent Auditor's Report 39

John C Conde, AO, BSc, BE (Hons), MBA, FAICD 29 April 2009 Tonianne Dwyer, BJuris (Hons), LLB (Hons) 24 August 2011 Mark Ford, Dip. Tech (Commerce), CA, FAICD 1 November 2016

unless otherwise stated:

Directors

Directors' Report

form the Dexus (DXS or the Group) stapled security.

Directors and Secretaries

Peter B St George, CA(SA), MBA 29 April 2009

Company Secretaries

The names and details of the Company Secretaries of DXFM as at 30 June 2018 are as follows:

W Richard Sheppard, BEc (Hons), FAICD 1 January 2012

Penny Bingham-Hall, BA (Industrial Design), FAICD, SF (Fin) 10 June 2014

The Hon. Nicola L Roxon, BA/LLB (Hons), GAICD 1 September 2017 Darren J Steinberg, BEc, FRICS, FAPI, FAICD 1 March 2012

Brett D Cameron LLB/BA (Science and Technology), GAICD, FGIA

Appointed: 31 October 2014

Brett is the General Counsel and Company Secretary of Dexus companies and is responsible for the legal function, company secretarial services and compliance, risk and governance systems and practices across the Group.

The Directors of Dexus Funds Management Limited (DXFM) as Responsible Entity of Dexus Office Trust (DOT or the Trust) present their Directors' Report together with the consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June

The Trust together with Dexus Diversified Trust (DDF), Dexus Industrial Trust (DIT) and Dexus Operations Trust (DXO)

The following persons were Directors of DXFM at all times during the year and to the date of this Directors' Report,

Directors Appointed Resigned

Elizabeth A Alexander, AM, BComm, FCA, FAICD, FCPA 1 January 2005 24 October 2017

  1. The consolidated Financial Statements represents Dexus Office Trust and its consolidated entities.

Prior to joining Dexus, Brett was Head of Legal for Macquarie Real Estate (Asia) and has held senior legal positions at Macquarie Capital Funds in Hong Kong and Minter Ellison in Sydney and Hong Kong. Brett has 22 years' experience as in-house counsel and in private practice in Australia and in Asia, where he worked on real estate structuring and operations, funds management, mergers and acquisitions, private equity and corporate finance across a number of industries.

Brett graduated from The University of New South Wales and holds a Bachelor of Laws and a Bachelor of Arts (Science and Technology) and is a member of the Law Societies of New South Wales and Hong Kong. Brett is also a graduate of the Australian Institute of Company Directors and a Fellow of the Governance Institute of Australia.

Rachel Caralis LLB/B Com (Acc), M Com (Property Development), Grad Dip (Applied Corporate Governance) AGIA, AAPI

Appointed: 17 February 2016

Rachel is Senior Legal Counsel and Company Secretary of Dexus.

Rachel joined Dexus in 2008 after five years at King and Wood Mallesons where she worked in the real estate and projects team. Rachel has 15 years' experience as in-house counsel and in private practice working on real estate and corporate transactions, funds management and corporate finance for wholesale and listed clients.

Rachel graduated from the University of Canberra with a Bachelor of Laws and Bachelor of Commerce (Accounting), has completed a Masters of Commerce (Property Development) at the University of Western Sydney and a Graduate Diploma in Applied Corporate Governance at the Governance Institute of Australia. Rachel is a member of the Law Society of New South Wales, an associate of the Australian Property Institute and an associate of the Governance Institute of Australia.

Attendance of Directors at Board Meetings and Board Committee Meetings

The number of Directors' meetings held during the year and each Director's attendance at those meetings is set out in the table below. The Directors met 13 times during the year. Ten Board meetings were main meetings and three meetings were held to consider specific business.

Main meetings
held
Main meetings
attended
Specific meetings
held
Specific meetings
attended
W Richard Sheppard 10 10 3 3
Elizabeth A Alexander, AM 1 4 4 - -
Penny Bingham-Hall 10 10 3 3
John C Conde, AO 10 10 3 3
Tonianne Dwyer 10 10 3 3
Mark Ford 10 9 3 3
The Hon. Nicola L Roxon 2 8 8 3 3
Darren J Steinberg 10 10 3 3
Peter B St George 10 10 3 3

1 Ceased directorship 24 October 2017.

2 Commenced directorship on 1 September 2017.

Special meetings are held at a time to enable the maximum number of Directors to attend and are generally held to consider specific items that cannot be held over to the next scheduled main meeting.

The table below shows non-executive Directors' attendances at Board Committee meetings of which they were a member during the year ended 30 June 2018.

Board Audit
Board Risk
Committee
Committee
Board Nomination
Committee
Board People and
Remuneration
Committee
Held Attended Held Attended Held Attended Held Attended
W Richard Sheppard - - - - 4 4 5 5
Elizabeth A Alexander,AM1 1 1 - - - - - -
Penny Bingham-Hall - - 4 4 4 4 5 5
John C Conde, AO 3 3 - - 4 4 1 1
Tonianne Dwyer 4 4 4 4 - - - -
The Hon. Nicola L Roxon2 - - 3 3 - - 4 4
Mark Ford 4 4 4 4 - - - -
Peter B St George 4 4 4 4 - - - -

1 Ceased directorship 24 October 2017.

2 Commenced directorship on 1 September 2017.

Elizabeth A Alexander and Tonianne Dwyer were also Directors of Dexus Wholesale Property Limited (DWPL) and attended DWPL Board meetings during the year ended 30 June 2018. John Conde joined as a Director of Dexus Wholesale Property Limited (DWPL) on 25 October 2017.

Directors' relevant interests

The relevant interests of each Director in DXS stapled securities as at the date of this Directors' Report are shown below:

Directors No. of securities
W Richard Sheppard 70,090
Penny Bingham-Hall 16,534
John C Conde, AO 16,667
Tonianne Dwyer 16,667
Mark Ford 1,667
The Hon. Nicola L Roxon Nil
Darren J Steinberg1 1,219,571
Peter B St George 17,333

1 Includes interests held directly and through performance rights.

Operating and financial review

The relevant financial information for the trust for the year ended 30 June 2018 is as follows:

  • profit attributable to unitholders was \$1,069.8 million (2017: \$858.2 million)
  • total assets were \$9,090.8 million (2017: \$7,911.7 million)
  • net assets were \$5,986.4 million (2017: \$4,851.0 million)

A review of the results, financial position and operations of the Group, of which the Trust forms part thereof, is set out in the Operating and Financial Review of the Dexus Financial Report and forms part of this Directors' Report.

Directors' directorships in other listed entities

The following table sets out directorships of other ASX listed entities (unless otherwise stated), not including DXFM, held by the Directors at any time in the three years immediately prior to the end of the year, and the period for which each directorship was held.

Director Company Date Appointed
W Richard Sheppard Star Entertainment Group 21 November 2012
Penny Bingham-Hall BlueScope Steel Limited 29 March 2011
Fortescue Metals Group Ltd 16 November 2016
John C Conde, AO Whitehaven Coal Limited 3 May 2007
Cooper Energy Limited 25 February 2013
Tonianne Dwyer Carndo Limited3 25 June 2012
Metcash Limited 24 June 2014
ALS Limited 1 July 2016
OZ Minerals Limited 21 March 2017
The Hon. Nicola L Roxon Lifestyle Communities Limited 1 September 2017
Peter B St George First Quantum Minerals Limited2 20 October 2003
Mark Ford Kiwi Property Group Limited2 16 May 2011

1 Listed for trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange in Canada.

2 Listed for trading on the New Zealand Stock Exchange since 22 December 2014.

3 Directorship ceased 27 January 2016.

Principal activities

During the year the principal activity of the Trust was to own, manage and develop high quality real estate assets for future use as investment properties. There were no significant changes in the nature of the Trust's activities during the year.

Total value of Trust assets

The total value of the assets of the Trust as at 30 June 2018 was \$9,090.5 million (2017: \$7,911.7 million). Details of the basis of this valuation are outlined in the Notes to the Financial Statements and form part of this Directors' Report.

Likely developments and expected results of operations

In the opinion of the Directors, disclosure of any further information regarding business strategies and future developments or results of the Trust, other than the information already outlined in this Directors' Report or the Financial Statements accompanying this Directors' Report would be unreasonably prejudicial to the Trust.

Significant changes in the state of affairs

The Directors are not aware of any matter or circumstance not otherwise dealt with in this Directors' Report or the Financial Statements that has significantly or may significantly affect the operations of the Trust, the results of those operations, or the state of the Trust's affairs in future financial years.

Matters subsequent to the end of the financial year

Since the end of the financial year the Directors are not aware of any matter or circumstance not otherwise dealt with in this Directors' Report or the Financial Statements that has significantly or may significantly affect the operations of the Trust, the results of those operations, or the state of the Trust's affairs in future financial years.

Distributions

Distributions paid or payable by the Trust for the year ended 30 June 2018 are outlined in note 5 of the Notes to the Financial Statements and form part of this Director's report.

DXFM fees

Details of fees paid or payable by the Trust for the year ended 30 June 2018 are outlined in note 16 of the Notes to the Financial Statements and form part of this Directors' Report.

Units on Issue

The movement in units on issue in the Trust during the year and the number of units on issue as at 30 June 2018 are detailed in note 12 of the Notes to the Financial Statements and form part of this Directors' Report.

Environmental regulation

DXS senior management, through its Board Risk Committee, oversees the policies, procedures and systems that have been implemented to ensure the adequacy of its environmental risk management practices. It is the opinion of this Committee that adequate systems are in place for the management of its environmental responsibilities and compliance with its various licence requirements and regulations. Further, the Committee is not aware of any material breaches of these requirements.

Indemnification and insurance

The insurance premium for a policy of insurance indemnifying Directors, officers and others (as defined in the relevant policy of insurance) is paid by Dexus Holdings Pty Limited (DXH).

PricewaterhouseCoopers ("PwC" or "the Auditor"), is indemnified out of the assets of the Trust pursuant to the Dexus Specific Terms of Business agreed for all engagements with PwC, to the extent that the Trust inappropriately uses or discloses a report prepared by PwC. The Auditor, PwC, is not indemnified for the provision of services where such an indemnification is prohibited by the Corporations Act 2001.

Directors' Report (continued)

Audit

Auditor

PricewaterhouseCoopers continues in office in accordance with section 327 of the Corporations Act 2001.

Non-audit services

The Trust may decide to employ the Auditor on assignments, in addition to its statutory audit duties, where the Auditor's expertise and experience with the Group are important.

Details of the amounts paid or payable to the Auditor for audit and non-audit services provided during the year are set out in note 14 of the Notes to the Financial Statements.

The Board Audit Committee is satisfied that the provision of non-audit services provided during the year by the Auditor (or by another person or firm on the Auditor's behalf) is compatible with the standard of independence for auditors imposed by the Corporations Act 2001.

The reasons for the Directors being satisfied are:

  • All non-audit services have been reviewed by the Board Audit Committee to ensure that they do not impact the impartiality and objectivity of the auditor
  • None of the services undermine the general principles relating to auditor independence as set out in APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants.

The above Directors' statements are in accordance with the advice received from the Board Audit Committee.

Auditor's Independence Declaration

A copy of the Auditor's Independence Declaration as required under section 307C of the Corporations Act 2001 is set out on page 7 and forms part of this Directors' Report.

Corporate governance

DXFM's Corporate Governance Statement is available at: www.dexus.com/corporategovernance

Rounding of amounts and currency

As the Trust is an entity of the kind referred to in ASIC Corporations (Rounding in Financial/Directors' Reports) Instrument 2016/191, the Directors have chosen to round amounts in this Directors' Report and the accompanying Financial Report to the nearest tenth of a million dollars, unless otherwise indicated. The Trust is an entity to which the Instrument applies. All figures in this Directors' Report and the Financial Statements, except where otherwise stated, are expressed in Australian dollars.

Auditor's Independence Declar ation

As lead auditor for the audit of Dexus Office Trust for the year ended 3o June zor8, I declare that to the best of my knowledge and belief, there have been:

  • (a) no contraventions of the auditor independence requirements of the Corporations Act 2ool in relation to the audit; and
  • (b) no contraventions ofanyapplicable code ofprofessional conductin relation to the audit.

This declaration is in respect of Dexus Office Trust and the entities it controlled during the period.

Matthew Lunn Partner PricewaterhouseCoopers

Sydney 4 August 2018

PricewqtsrhouseCoopers, ABN g,z 78o 4SS 757 One InternationalTowers Sydney,Watermans Quay, Barangaroo, GPO BOX z6So, SYDNEY NSW zoot T: +6t z 8266 oooo, F: +6t z 8266 9g99,wwwpwocom.au l,euel u, IPSQ, t69 Macquarie Street, Parramatta NSW zt5o, PO Box ttgg Parramatta NSW ztz4 T: +6t 2 9659 2476, F: +6t z 8266 9gg9,ww1D.pwc.com.au

Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

For the year ended 30 June 2018

2018 2017
Note \$m \$m
Revenue from ordinary activities
Property revenue 2 294.8 278.9
Interest revenue 0.3 0.2
Total revenue from ordinary activities 295.1 279.1
Net fair value gain of investment properties 487.3 314.7
Share of net profit of investments accounted for using the equity method 7 516.3 458.7
Net gain on sale of investment properties 1.9 23.4
Net fair value gain of derivatives 6.6 -
Other income 2.4 -
Total income 1,309.6 1,075.9
Expenses
Property expenses 2 (78.9) (78.8)
Management fee expense (14.6) (12.6)
Finance costs 3 (144.9) (125.6)
Management operations, corporate and administration expenses (1.4) (0.7)
Total expenses (239.8) (217.7)
Profit/(loss) before tax 1,069.8 858.2
Income tax expense - -
Profit/(loss) for the year 1,069.8 858.2
Other comprehensive income/(loss):
Other comprehensive income/(loss) - -
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year 1,069.8 858.2
Cents Cents
Earnings per unit on profit/(loss) attributable to unitholders of the parent entity
Basic earnings per unit 4 105.16 88.61
Diluted earnings per unit 4 105.16 88.61

The above Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

As at 30 June 2018

2018 2017
Note \$m \$m
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents 13(a) 7.2 5.8
Receivables 13(b) 26.9 36.9
Non-current assets classified as held for sale 8 - 283.7
Derivative financial instruments 9(c) 6.7 -
Other 13(c) 17.1 3.4
Total current assets 57.9 329.8
Non-current assets
Investment properties 6 4,810.5 3,883.2
Investments accounted for using the equity method 7 4,218.5 3,690.5
Derivative financial instruments 9(c) 2.7 6.3
Other 1.2 1.9
Total non-current assets 9,032.9 7,581.9
Total assets 9,090.8 7,911.7
Current liabilities
Payables 13(d) 70.0 68.3
Provisions 13(e) 149.9 119.6
Derivative financial instruments
Loans with related parties
9(c)
11
4.5
-
5.3
149.0
Total current liabilities 224.4 342.2
Non-current liabilities
Loans with related parties 2,867.0 2,696.6
Derivative financial instruments 9(c) 12.9 21.8
Other 0.1 0.1
Total non-current liabilities 2,880.0 2,718.5
Total liabilities 3,104.4 3,060.7
Net assets 5,986.4 4,851.0
Equity
Contributed equity 12 3,050.8 2,699.7
Retained profits 2,935.6 2,151.3
Parent entity unitholders' interest 5,986.4 4,851.0
Total equity 5,986.4 4,851.0

The above Consolidated Statement of Financial Position should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

For the year ended 30 June 2018

Retained
Contributed profits/
Note equity (losses) Reserves Total equity
Opening balance as at 1 July 2016 \$m
2,432.4
\$m
1,534.3
\$m
-
\$m
3,966.7
Profit/(loss) for the year - 858.2 - -
858.2
Other comprehensive income/(loss) for the year - - - -
Total comprehensive income for the year - 858.2 - 858.2
Transactions with owners in their capacity as unitholders:
Issue of additional equity, net of transaction costs 267.3 - - 267.3
Distributions paid or provided for 5 - (241.2) - (241.2)
Total transactions with owners in their capacity as owners 267.3 (241.2) - 26.1
Closing balance as at 30 June 2017 2,699.7 2,151.3 - 4,851.0
Opening balance as at 1 July 2017 2,699.7 2,151.3 - 4,851.0
Profit/(loss) for the year - 1,069.8 - -
1,069.8
Other comprehensive income/(loss) for the year - - - -
Total comprehensive income for the year - 1,069.8 - 1,069.8
Transactions with owners in their capacity as unitholders:
Issue of additional equity, net of transaction costs 12 2.1 - - 2.1
Buy-back of contributed equity, net of transaction costs 12 (1.1) - - (1.1)
Distributions paid or provided for 5 - (285.5) - (285.5)
Capital contribution1 350.1 - - 350.1
Total transactions with owners in their capacity as owners 351.1 (285.5) - 65.6
Closing balance as at 30 June 2018 3,050.8 2,935.6 - 5,986.4

1 DXFM as Responsible Entity of DOT made a capital contribution of 34.42 cents per unit to the existing unitholders as part of the reallocation process that was approved at the Annual General Meeting 19 September 2017.

The above Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity should be read in conjunction with the accompanying note

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

For the year ended 30 June 2018

2018 2017
\$m \$m
Cash flows from operating activities
Receipts in the course of operations (inclusive of GST) 339.5 321.8
Payments in the course of operations (inclusive of GST) (126.4) (118.6)
Interest received 0.3 0.2
Finance costs paid to financial institutions (12.4) (68.1)
Distributions received from investments accounted for using the equity method 315.1 235.9
Net cash inflow/(outflow) from operating activities 15 516.1 371.2
Cash flows from investing activities
Proceeds from sale of investment properties 288.9 422.9
Payments for capital expenditure on investment properties (102.3) (84.8)
Payments for acquisition of investment properties (345.7) (21.4)
Payments for investments accounted for using the equity method (322.7) (50.7)
Net cash inflow/(outflow) from investing activities (481.8) 266.0
Cash flows from financing activities
Borrowings provided to related parties (2,270.2) (1,656.6)
Borrowings received from related parties 2,499.7 963.3
Payments for buy-back of contributed equity (1.1) -
Proceeds from issue of additional equity, net of transaction costs 2.1 267.3
Distributions paid to unit holders (263.4) (212.6)
Net cash inflow/(outflow) from financing activities (32.9) (638.6)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 1.4 (1.4)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 5.8 7.2
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 7.2 5.8

The above Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

About This Report

In this section

This section sets out the basis upon which the Trust's Financial Statements are prepared.

Specific accounting policies are described in their respective notes to the Financial Statements. This section also shows information on new or amended accounting standards and their impact on the financial position and performance of the Trust.

Basis of preparation

The financial statements are general purpose financial reports which have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Constitutions of the entities within the Trust, the Corporations Act 2001, AASB's issued by the Australian Accounting Standards Board and International Financial Reporting Standards adopted by the International Accounting Standard Board.

Unless otherwise stated the financial statements have been prepared using consistent accounting policies in line with those of the previous financial year and corresponding interim reporting period.

The financial statements are presented in Australian dollars, with all values rounded to the nearest tenth of a million dollars in accordance with ASIC Corporations (Rounding in Financial/Directors' Reports) Instrument 2016/191, unless otherwise stated.

The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis using historical cost conventions, except for investment properties, investment properties within the equity accounted investments, derivative financial instruments, and other financial liabilities which are stated at their fair value.

Dexus stapled securities are quoted on the Australian Securities Exchange under the "DXS" code and comprise one unit in each of DDF, DIT, DOT and DXO. Each entity forming part of DXS continues as a separate legal entity in its own right under the Corporations Act 2001 and is therefore required to comply with reporting and disclosure requirements under the Corporations Act 2001 and Australian Accounting Standards.

Working Capital Deficiency

As at 30 June 2018, the Trust had a net current asset deficiency of \$166.5 million (2017: \$12.4 million). This is primarily due to the provision of distribution for \$149.9 million due to be paid in August 2018.

The capital risk management is not managed at the Trust level, but rather holistically as part of the Group. This is done through a centralised treasury function which ensures that entities within the Group (including DOT) will be able to continue as a going concern.

The Group has in place both external and internal funding arrangements to support the cash flow requirements of the Trust, including undrawn facilities of \$886.6 million (2017: \$1,060.5 million) [refer to note 13 Interest bearing liabilities in the DXS financial statements].

In the event that the entity requires additional funding to meet current liabilities in the 12 months succeeding the date of this financial report, the Group will make adequate funds available to the Trust.

In determining the basis of preparation of the financial report, the directors of the responsible entity of the Trust, have taken into consideration the unutilised facilities available to the group. As such the Trust is a going concern and the Financial Statements have been prepared on that basis.

Critical accounting estimates

In the process of applying the Trust's accounting policies, management has made a number of judgements and applied estimates of future events. Judgements and estimates which are material to the financial report are discussed in the following notes:

Note 6 Investment properties Page 19

Principles of consolidation

These consolidated Financial Statements incorporate the assets, liabilities and results of all subsidiaries as at 30 June 2018.

(a) Controlled entities

Subsidiaries are all entities over which the Trust has control. The Trust controls an entity when the Trust is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power to direct the activities of the entity. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Trust. They are deconsolidated from the date that control ceases.

(b) Joint arrangements

Investments in joint arrangements are classified as either joint operations or joint ventures depending on the contractual rights and obligations each investor has, rather than the legal structure of the joint arrangement.

Joint operations

Where assets are held directly as tenants in common, the Trust's proportionate share of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities are included in their respective items of the Statement of Financial Position and Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Joint ventures

Investments in joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method. Under this method, the Trust's share of the joint ventures' post-acquisition profits or losses is recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income and distributions received from joint ventures are recognised as a reduction of the carrying amount of the investment.

Foreign currency

The Financial Statements are presented in Australian dollars.

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the Australian dollars functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at period end exchange rates of financial assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income.

As at 30 June 2018, the Trust had no investments in foreign operations.

Goods and services tax

Revenues, expenses and capital assets are recognised net of any amount of Australian Goods and Services Tax (GST), except where the amount of GST incurred is not recoverable. In these circumstances the GST is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense. Cash flows are included in the Statement of Cash Flows on a gross basis. The GST component of cash flows arising from investing and financing activities that is recoverable from or payable to the Australian Taxation Office is classified as cash flows from operating activities.

New accounting standards and interpretations

Certain new accounting standards and interpretations have been published that are not mandatory for the 30 June 2018 reporting period. The Trust's assessment of the impact of these new standards and interpretations is set out below:

AASB 9 Financial Instruments (effective application date is 1 July 2018)

AASB 9 addresses the classification, measurement and de-recognition of financial assets and financial liabilities and introduces new rules for hedge accounting and impairment of financial assets. The following areas have specifically been considered.

Impairment of financial assets – The current impairment assessment model is an 'incurred loss' model requiring the Trust to consider whether or not the financial asset is impaired at the date of performing the assessment. Under AASB 9 this model has changed to an 'expected credit loss' model. Under this model, the Trust is required to consider the historical actual write off rates for a type of financial asset, and forward looking indicators that might impact the recoverability of similar financial assets currently recognised. Management is currently working through the model to quantify the impact but does not expect a material impact on the provision for doubtful debts.

The Trust intends to adopt the new standard from 1 July 2018 and will not restate comparative information.

AASB 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (effective application for the trust is 1 July 2018)

AASB 15 provides new guidance for determining when the Trust should recognise revenue. The new revenue recognition model is based on the principle that revenue is recognised when control of a good or service is transferred to a customer - either at a point in time or over time. The model features a contract–based five-step analysis of transactions to determine whether, how much and when revenue is recognised. The Trust's revenue is largely comprised of income under leases (see below).

Management has substantially completed its assessment of the impact of transition to the new standard and does not expect there to be an impact on the recognition and measurement of revenue although additional disclosures will be required.

The following specific revenue streams have been assessed:

Income under leases - Within its lease arrangements, the Trust provides certain services to tenants (such as utilities, cleaning, maintenance and certain parking arrangements) which will be accounted for within AASB 15. A portion of the consideration within the lease arrangement will be allocated to revenue for the provision of services. The service revenue will be recognised over time as the services are provided and as such, the timing of recognition of income is not expected to change. Such revenue will, however, be disclosed separately.

The Trust will adopt the new standard from 1 July 2018 using the modified retrospective approach whereby comparatives for the year ended 30 June 2018 will not be restated.

AASB 16 Leases (effective application for the trust is 1 July 2019)

AASB 16 sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases. In 2018, revenue recognised from leases was approximately \$297.9 million (2017: \$267.6 million). The accounting for this lease income is not expected to change with the adoption of the new standard other than the separation of service income from lease income for disclosure purposes as a result of the application of AASB 15 described above.

With respect to leases where the Trust is lessee, all leases, including ground lease, will be required to be recognised on balance sheet with the exception of short term or low value leases. An asset (the right to use the leased item) and a financial liability to pay rentals will be recognised with associated depreciation expense and finance cost. This differs to the current operating lease treatment where lease payments are recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Trust intends to apply the standard from 1 July 2019.

Notes to the Financial Statements

The notes include information which is required to understand the Financial Statements and is material and relevant to the operations, financial position and performance of the Trust.

The notes are organised into the following sections:

Trust performance Property portfolio assets Capital and financial risk
management and working
capital
Other disclosures
1. Operating segments 6. Investment properties 9. Capital and financial risk
management
14. Audit, taxation and
transaction service fees
2. Property revenue and
expenses
7. Investments accounted
for using the equity
method
10. Commitments and
contingencies
15. Cash flow information
3. Finance costs 8. Non-current assets
classified as held for sale
11. Loans with related
parties
16. Related parties
4. Earnings per unit 12. Contributed equity 17. Parent entity
disclosures
5. Distributions paid and
payable
13. Working capital 18. Subsequent events

Trust performance

In this section

This section explains the results and performance of the Trust.

It provides additional information about those individual line items in the Financial Statements that the Directors consider most relevant in the context of the operations of the Trust, including: results by operating segment, property revenue and expenses, finance costs, earnings per unit and distributions paid and payable.

Note 1 Operating segments

Description of segments

The Group's operating segments have been identified based on the sectors analysed within the management reports reviewed in order to monitor performance across the Group and to appropriately allocate resources.

The operating segments within DXS are reviewed on a consolidated basis and are not monitored at an individual trust level.

Disclosures concerning DXS's operating segments are presented in the Dexus Financial Report.

Note 2 Property revenue and expenses

The Trust's main revenue stream is property rental revenue and is derived from holding properties as investment properties and earning rental yields over time. Property rental revenue is recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term for leases with fixed rent review clauses.

Prospective tenants may be offered incentives as an inducement to enter into operating leases. The costs of incentives are recognised as a reduction of rental revenue on a straight-line basis from the lease commencement date to the end of the lease term. The carrying amount of the lease incentives is reflected in the fair value of investment properties.

Property revenue is recognised as the service is delivered, in accordance with the terms of the relevant contracts.

2018 2017
\$m \$m
Rent and recoverable outgoings 297.9 267.6
Incentive amortisation (45.0) (41.8)
Other revenue 41.9 53.1
Total property revenue 294.8 278.9

Property expenses of \$78.9 million (2017: \$78.8 million) includes rates, taxes and other property outgoings incurred in relation to investment properties.

Note 3 Finance costs

Borrowing costs include interest, amortisation or other costs incurred in connection with arrangement of borrowings and net fair value movements of interest rate swaps. Borrowing costs are expensed as incurred unless they relate to qualifying assets.

A qualifying asset is an asset under development which takes a substantial period of time, where the works being carried out to bring it to its intended use or sale are expected to exceed 12 months in duration. Finance costs incurred for the acquisition and construction of a qualifying asset are capitalised to the cost of the asset for the period of time that is required to complete the asset. To the extent that funds are borrowed generally to fund development, the amount of borrowing costs to be capitalised to qualifying assets must be determined by using an appropriate capitalisation rate.

2018 2017
\$m \$m
Interest paid to related parties 140.9 130.0
Net fair value (gain)/loss of interest rate swaps 10.1 (0.5)
Amount capitalised (6.1) (3.9)
Total finance costs 144.9 125.6

The average capitalisation rate used to determine the amount of borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation is 5.75% (2017: 6.25%).

Note 4 Earnings per unit

Earnings per unit are determined by dividing the net profit attributable to unitholders by the weighted average number of ordinary units outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per unit are adjusted from the basic earnings per unit by taking into account the impact of dilutive potential units.

a) Net profit used in calculating basic and diluted earnings per unit

2018 2017
\$m \$m
Profit attributable to unitholders of the parent entity 1,069.8 858.2
b)
Weighted average number of units used as a denominator
2018 2017
No. of units No. of units
Weighted average number of units outstanding used in calculation of basic and 1,017,299,246 968,484,893
diluted earnings per unit

Note 5 Distributions paid and payable

Distributions are recognised when declared.

a) Distribution to security holders

2018 2017
\$m \$m
31 December (paid 28 February 2018) 135.6 121.6
30 June (payable 30 August 2018) 149.9 119.6
Total distribution to unitholders 285.5 241.2

b) Distribution rate

2018 2017
Cents Cents
per unit per unit
31 December (paid 28 February 2018) 13.33 12.56
30 June (payable 30 August 2018) 14.74 11.76
Total distributions 28.07 24.32

Property portfolio assets

In this section

Property portfolio assets are used to generate the Trust's performance and are considered to be the most relevant to the operations of the Trust. The assets are detailed in the following notes:

  • Investment properties: relates to investment properties, both stabilised and under development.
  • Investments accounted for using the equity method: provides summarised financial information on the material joint ventures and other joint ventures. The Trust's joint ventures comprise interests in property portfolio assets held through investments in trusts.
  • Non-current assets classified as held for sale: relates to investment properties which are expected to be sold within 12 months of the balance sheet date and are currently being marketed for sale.

Note 6 Investment properties

The Trust's investment properties consist of properties held for long-term rental yields and/or capital appreciation and property that is being constructed or developed for future use as investment property. Investment properties are initially recognised at cost including transaction costs. Investment properties are subsequently recognised at fair value.

The basis of valuations of investment properties is fair value, being the price that would be received to sell the asset in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

Changes in fair values are recorded in the Statement of Comprehensive Income. The gain or loss on disposal of an investment property is calculated as the difference between the carrying amount of the asset at the date of disposal and the net proceeds from disposal and is included in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income in the year of disposal.

Subsequent redevelopment and refurbishment costs (other than repairs and maintenance) are capitalised to the investment property where they result in an enhancement in the future economic benefits of the property.

Leasing fees incurred and incentives provided are capitalised and amortised over the lease periods to which they relate.

a) Reconciliation

Office Development 2018 2017
\$m \$m \$m \$m
Opening balance at the beginning of the year 3,803.1 80.1 3,883.2 3,482.8
Additions 38.0 57.4 95.4 61.9
Acquisitions 345.9 - 345.9 18.2
Lease incentives 35.2 - 35.2 48.1
Amortisation of lease incentives (43.2) - (43.2) (39.0)
Rent straightlining 10.3 - 10.3 4.7
Net fair value gain/(loss) of investment properties 418.7 65.0 483.7 306.5
Closing balance at the end of the year 4,608.0 202.5 4,810.5 3,883.2

Acquisitions

  • On 18 July 2017, settlement occurred for the acquisition of 100 Harris Street, Pyrmont for \$327.5 million excluding acquisition costs.

Note 6 Investment properties (continued)

b) Valuations process

Independent valuations are carried out for each individual property at least once every three years by a member of the Australian Property Institute of Valuers. Each valuation firm and its signatory valuer are appointed on the basis that they are engaged for no more than three consecutive valuations except properties under development and co-owned properties. Independent valuations may be undertaken earlier where the Responsible Entity believes there is potential for a change in the fair value of the property being the greater of 5% of the asset value, or \$5.0 million. At 30 June 2018, all investment properties were independently externally valued.

The Trust's investment properties are required to be internally valued at least every six months at each reporting period unless they have been independently externally valued. Internal valuations are compared to the carrying value of investment properties at the reporting date. Where the Directors determine the internal valuations present a more reliable estimate of fair value the internal valuation is adopted as book value. Internal valuations are performed by the Trust's internal valuers who hold recognised relevant professional qualifications and have previous experience as property valuers from major real estate valuation firms.

An appropriate valuation methodology is utilised according to asset class. In relation to office and industrial assets this includes the capitalisation approach (market approach) and the discounted cash flow approach (income approach). The valuation is also compared to, and supported by, direct comparison to recent market transactions. The adopted capitalisation rates and discount rates are determined based on industry expertise and knowledge and, where possible, a direct comparison to third party rates for similar assets in a comparable location. Rental revenue from current leases and assumptions about future leases, as well as any expected operational cash outflows in relation to the property, are also built into each asset assessment of fair value.

In relation to development properties under construction for future use as investment property, where reliably measurable, fair value is determined based on the market value of the property on the assumption it had already been completed at the valuation date (using the methodology as outlined above) less costs still required to complete the project, including an appropriate adjustment for industry benchmarked profit and development risk.

c) Fair value measurement, valuation techniques and inputs

The following table represents the level of the fair value hierarchy and the associated unobservable inputs utilised in the fair value measurement for each class of investment property.

Fair value Range of unobservable inputs
Class of property hierarchy Inputs used to measure fair value 2018 2017
Office1 Level 3 Adopted capitalisation rate 4.63% - 9.00% 4.75% - 9.50%
Adopted discount rate 6.25% - 10.50% 6.63% - 10.50%
Adopted terminal yield 5.00% - 9.75% 5.25% - 9.50%
Current net market rental (per sqm) \$346 - \$1,338 \$307 - \$1,319

1 Includes development and excludes car parks, retail and other.

Note 6 Investment properties (continued)

c) Fair value measurement, valuation techniques and inputs (continued)

Key estimates: inputs used to measure fair value of investment properties

Judgement is required in determining the following key assumptions:

  • Adopted capitalisation rate: The rate at which net market rental revenue is capitalised to determine the value of a property. The rate is determined with regard to market evidence and the prior external valuation.
  • Adopted discount rate: The rate of return used to convert cash flows, payable or receivable in the future, into present value. It reflects the opportunity cost of capital, that is, the rate of return the cash can earn if put to other uses having similar risk. The rate is determined with regard to market evidence and the prior external valuation.
  • Adopted terminal yield: The capitalisation rate used to convert the future net market rental revenue into an indication of the anticipated value of the property at the end of the holding period when carrying out a discounted cash flow calculation. The rate is determined with regard to market evidence and the prior external valuation.
  • Net market rental (per sqm): The net market rent is the estimated amount for which a property should lease between a lessor and a lessee on appropriate lease terms in an arm's length transaction.
  • Land rate (per sqm): The land rate is the market land value per sqm.

d) Sensitivity information

Significant movement in any one of the inputs listed in the table above may result in a change in the fair value of the Trust's investment properties as shown below.

Significant inputs Fair value measurement sensitivity to
significant increase in input
Fair value measurement sensitivity
to significant decrease in input
Adopted capitalisation rate
Adopted discount rate Decrease Increase
Adopted terminal yield
Net market rental (per sqm)
Land rate (per sqm) Increase Decrease

Generally, a change in the assumption made for the adopted capitalisation rate is often accompanied by a directionally similar change in the adopted terminal yield. The adopted capitalisation rate forms part of the capitalisation approach whilst the adopted terminal yield forms part of the discounted cash flow approach.

Under the capitalisation approach, the net market rental has a strong interrelationship with the adopted capitalisation rate as the fair value of the investment property is derived by capitalising, in perpetuity, the total net market rent receivable. An increase (softening) in the adopted capitalisation rate may offset the impact to fair value of an increase in the total net market rent. A decrease (tightening) in the adopted capitalisation rate may also offset the impact to fair value of a decrease in the total net market rent. A directionally opposite change in the total net market rent and the adopted capitalisation rate may increase the impact to fair value.

The discounted cash flow is primarily made up of the discounted cash flow of net income over the cash flow period and the discounted terminal value (which is largely based upon market rents grown at forecast market rental growth rates capitalised at an adopted terminal yield). An increase (softening) in the adopted discount rate may offset the impact to fair value of a decrease (tightening) in the adopted terminal yield. A decrease (tightening) in the discount rate may offset the impact to fair value of an increase (softening) in the adopted terminal yield. A directionally similar change in the adopted discount rate and the adopted terminal yield may increase the impact to fair value.

A decrease (softening) in the forecast rental growth rate may result in a negative impact on the discounted cash flow approach value whilst a strengthening may have a positive impact on the value under the same approach.

Note 7 Investments accounted for using the equity method

Investments are accounted for in the Financial Statements using the equity method of accounting (refer to the 'About this Report' section). Information relating to these entities is set out below.

2018 2017 2018 2017
Name of entity % % \$m \$m
Bent Street Trust 33.3 33.3 344.7 319.1
Dexus Creek Street Trust 50.0 50.0 161.8 143.9
Dexus Martin Place Trust1 50.0 50.0 376.9 166.3
Grosvenor Place Holding Trust2,3 50.0 50.0 452.3 385.5
Site 6 Homebush Bay Trust2 50.0 50.0 33.6 33.3
Site 7 Homebush Bay Trust2 50.0 50.0 47.2 44.9
Dexus 480 Q Holding Trust 50.0 50.0 380.5 366.7
Dexus Kings Square Trust 50.0 50.0 216.3 214.0
Dexus Office Trust Australia4,5 50.0 50.0 2,172.2 1,985.0
Dexus Eagle Street Pier Trust 50.0 50.0 33.0 31.8
Total investments accounted for using the equity method 4,218.5 3,690.5

1 On 19 July 2017, settlement occurred for the acquisition of MLC Centre, 19 Martin Place, Sydney for \$361.3 million excluding acquisition costs. This represents the Group's 25% interest. The Group's loan with related parties was subsequently repaid upon Dexus Martin Place Trust's settlement of MLC Centre.

2 These entities are 50% owned by DOTA. The Group's economic interest is therefore 75% when combined with the interest held by DOTA. These entities are classified as joint ventures and are accounted for using the equity method as a result of contractual arrangements requiring unanimous decisions on all relevant matters.

3 Grosvenor Place Holding Trust owns 50% of Grosvenor Place, at 225 George Street, Sydney, NSW. The Group's economic interest in this property is therefore 37.5%.

4 On 1 August 2017, settlement occurred on the disposal of 46 Colin Street, West Perth for \$16.8 million excluding disposal costs, representing the Group's 50% interest held through DOTA.

5 On 21 March 2018, settlement occurred for the disposal or 11 Waymouth Street, Adelaide for \$101.3 million excluding disposal costs, representing the Group's 50% interest held through DOTA.

The above entities were formed in Australia and their principal activity is property investment in Australia.

Property portfolio assets (continued)

Note 7 Investments accounted for using the equity method (continued)

Dexus Office Grosvenor Place Dexus 480Q Other joint
Trust Australia Holding Trust Holding Trust ventures Total
2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017
Summarised Statement of Financial Position \$m \$m \$m \$m \$m \$m \$m \$m \$m \$m
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents 20.3 15.9 0.1 2.1 2.3 0.2 20.2 5.5 42.9 23.7
Non-current assets classified as held for sale - - - - - - - 6.0 - 6.0
Loan to related party1 - - - - - - - 148.9 - 148.9
Other current assets 4.0 4.4 2.1 0.7 2.9 1.1 8.1 19.8 17.1 26.0
Total current assets 24.3 20.3 2.2 2.8 5.2 1.3 28.3 180.2 60.0 204.6
Non-current assets
Investment properties 2,008.4 1,865.8 452.5 385.0 384.2 366.5 1,215.5 798.9 4,060.6 3,416.2
Investments accounted for using the equity method 266.5 231.9 - - - - - - 266.5 231.9
Other non-current assets 0.4 0.3 - - 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.5
Total non-current assets 2,275.3 2,098.0 452.5 385.0 384.3 366.6 1,215.6 799.0 4,327.7 3,648.6
Current liabilities
Provision for distribution 17.1 21.3 - - - - 4.1 3.9 21.2 25.2
Borrowings 74.5 74.5 - - - - - - 74.5 74.5
Other current liabilities 24.7 26.5 2.4 2.3 9.1 1.2 26.2 22.0 62.4 52.0
Total current liabilities 116.3 122.3 2.4 2.3 9.1 1.2 30.3 25.9 158.1 151.7
Non-current liabilities
Borrowings 11.0 11.0 - - - - - - 11.0 11.0
Other non-current Liabilities 0.1 - - - - - - - 0.1 -
Total non-current liabilities 11.1 11.0 - - - - - - 11.1 11.0
Net assets 2,172.2 1,985.0 452.3 385.5 380.4 366.7 1,213.6 953.3 4,218.5 3,690.5
Reconciliation of carrying amounts:
Opening balance at the beginning of the year 1,985.0 1,844.8 385.5 352.9 366.7 344.1 953.3 876.8 3,690.5 3,418.6
Additions 82.4 24.4 1.9 9.9 3.8 5.0 234.7 11.5 322.8 50.8
Share of net profit/(loss) after tax 313.3 264.6 86.1 40.5 29.2 34.8 88.0 118.8 516.6 458.7
Distributions received/receivable (208.5) (148.8) (21.2) (17.8) (19.3) (17.2) (62.4) (53.8) (311.4) (237.6)
Closing balance at the end of the year 2,172.2 1,985.0 452.3 385.5 380.4 366.7 1,213.6 953.3 4,218.5 3,690.5
Summarised Statement of Comprehensive Income
Property revenue 154.5 151.9 25.2 21.0 26.9 24.1 71.6 57.0 278.2 254.0
Property revaluations 214.8 166.6 66.4 24.6 10.9 17.8 39.6 29.9 331.7 238.9
Gain on sale of investment properties (2.6) - - - - - - 47.2 (2.6) 47.2
Interest income 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 - - 0.2 - 0.6 0.5
Finance costs (4.8) (5.0) - - - - - - (4.8) (5.0)
Other expenses (48.9) (49.2) (5.6) (5.2) (8.6) (7.3) (23.7) (15.3) (86.8) (77.0)
Net profit/(loss) for the year 313.3 264.7 86.1 40.5 29.2 34.6 87.7 118.8 516.3 458.6
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year 313.3 264.7 86.1 40.5 29.2 34.6 87.7 118.8 516.3 458.6

1 Loan to related parties included a non-interest bearing loan payable on demand provided to the co-owners from the proceeds on sale of 39 Martin Place, Sydney, NSW. The loan was subsequently repaid upon the settlement of the MLC Centre, 19 Martin Place, Sydney.

Note 8 Non-current assets classified as held for sale

Non-current assets are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use, and a sale is considered highly probable.

Non-current assets classified as held for sale are presented separately from the other assets in the balance sheet. Non-current assets classified as held for sale relate to investment properties and are measured at fair value.

As at 30 June 2018, the Trust had no assets held for sale

Disposals

  • On 31 May 2018, settlement occurred on the Group's remaining 50% share of Southgate Complex at 3 Southgate Avenue, Melbourne for gross proceeds of \$289.0 million.

Capital and financial risk management and working capital

In this section

The Trust's overall risk management program focuses on reducing volatility from impacts in movements of financial markets and seeks to minimise potential adverse effects on the financial performance of the Trust.

Note 9 Capital and financial risk management outlines how the Trust manages its exposure to a variety of financial risks (interest rate risk, foreign currency risk, liquidity risk and credit risk) and details the various derivative financial instruments entered into by the Trust.

The Board determines the appropriate capital structure of the Trust, how much is borrowed from financial institutions and capital markets (debt), and how much is raised from unitholders (equity) in order to finance the Trust's activities both now and in the future. This capital structure is detailed in the following notes:

  • Debt: Commitments and contingencies in note 10;

  • Equity: Contributed equity in note 12.

Note 13 provides a breakdown of the working capital balances held in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

Note 9 Capital and financial risk management

Capital and financial risk management is carried out through a centralised treasury function which is governed by a Board approved Treasury Policy. The Group has an established governance structure which consists of the Group Management Committee and Capital Markets Committee.

The Board has appointed a Group Management Committee responsible for achieving Dexus's goals and objectives, including the prudent financial and risk management of the Group. A Capital Markets Committee has been established to advise the Group Management Committee.

The Capital Markets Committee is a management committee that is accountable to the Board. It convenes at least quarterly and conducts a review of financial risk management exposures including liquidity, funding strategies and hedging. It is also responsible for the development of financial risk management policies and funding strategies for recommendation to the Board, and the approval of treasury transactions within delegated limits and powers.

a) Capital risk management

The Trust manages its capital to ensure that entities within the Trust will be able to continue as a going concern while maximising the return to owners through the optimisation of the debt and equity balance.

The capital structure of the Trust consists of debt, cash and cash equivalents and equity attributable to unitholders. The Trust continuously monitors its capital structure and it is managed in consideration of the following factors:

  • the cost of capital and the financial risks associated with each class of capital;
  • gearing levels and other debt covenants;
  • potential impacts on net tangible assets and unitholders' equity;
  • potential impacts on the DXS Group's credit rating; and
  • other market factors.

The Trust is not rated by ratings agencies, however DXS has been rated A- by Standard and Poor's (S&P) and A3 by Moody's. Gearing levels and bank debt covenants are managed holistically as part of the DXS Group.

DXFM, the Responsible Entity for the Trust, has been issued with an Australian Financial Services Licence (AFSL). The licence is subject to certain capital requirements including the requirement to maintain liquidity above specified limits. DXFM must also prepare rolling cash projections over at least the next 12 months and demonstrate it will have access to sufficient financial resources to meet its liabilities that are expected to be payable over that period. Cash projections and assumptions are approved, at least quarterly, by the Board of the Responsible Entity.

b) Financial risk management

The Trust's overall risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimise potential adverse effects on the financial performance of the Trust. The Trust's principal financial instruments, other than derivatives, comprise cash, and related party loans. The main purpose of financial instruments is to manage liquidity and hedge the Trust's exposure to financial risks namely:

  • interest rate risk;
  • liquidity risk; and
  • credit risk.

The Trust uses derivatives to reduce the Trust's exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. These derivatives create an obligation or a right that effectively transfers one or more of the risks associated with an underlying financial instrument, asset or obligation. Derivative financial instruments that the Trust may use to hedge its risks include:

  • interest rate swaps; and
  • interest rate options.

The Trust does not trade in derivative instruments for speculative purposes. The Trust uses different methods to measure the different types of risks to which it is exposed, including monitoring the current and forecast levels of exposure and conducting sensitivity analysis.

i) Market risk

Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk arises from interest bearing financial assets and liabilities that the Trust utilises. Non-derivative interest bearing financial instruments are predominantly short term liquid assets and long term debt issued at fixed rates which expose the Trust to fair value interest rate risk as the Trust may pay higher interest costs than if it were at variable rates. The Trust's borrowings which have a variable interest rate give rise to cash flow interest rate risk due to movements in variable interest rates.

The Trust's risk management policy for interest rate risk seeks to minimise the effects of interest rate movements on its asset and liability portfolio through active management of the exposures.

The Trust primarily enters into interest rate derivatives to manage the associated interest rate risk. The derivative contracts are recorded at fair value in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, being the market value as quoted in an active market.

Interest rate derivatives require settlement of net interest receivable or payable generally each 90 or 180 days. The settlement dates coincide with the dates on which the interest is payable on the underlying debt. The receivable and payable legs on interest rate derivative contracts are settled on a net basis.

i) Market risk (continued)

Interest rate risk (continued)

June 2019
\$m
June 2020
\$m
June 2021
\$m
June 2022
\$m
June 2023
\$m
Interest rate derivatives
A\$ hedged (\$)1 1,426.9 1,630.8 1,438.3 856.7 266.7
A\$ hedge rate (%) 2.69% 2.66% 2.66% 2.65% 2.91%
1
Amounts do not include fixed rate debt that has been swapped to floating rate debt through cross currency swaps.

Sensitivity analysis on interest expense

The table below shows the impact on the Trust's net interest expense of a 50 basis point movement in market interest rates. The sensitivity on cash flow arises due to the impact that a change in interest rates will have on the Trust's floating rate debt and derivative cash flows on average during the financial year. Net interest expense is only sensitive to movements in market rates to the extent that floating rate debt is not hedged.

2018 2017
(+/-) \$m (+/-) \$m
+/- 0.50% (50 basis points)
A\$
7.7 9.5
Total A\$ equivalent 7.7 9.5

The movement in interest expense is proportional to the movement in interest rates.

Sensitivity analysis on fair value of interest rate derivatives

The sensitivity analysis on interest rate derivatives below shows the effect on net profit or loss for changes in the fair value of interest rate derivatives for a 50 basis point movement in short-term and long-term market interest rates. The sensitivity on fair value arises from the impact that changes in market rates will have on the valuation of the interest rate derivatives.

The fair value of interest rate derivatives is calculated as the present value of estimated future cash flows on the instruments. Although interest rate derivatives are transacted for the purpose of providing the Trust with an economic hedge, the Trust has elected not to apply hedge accounting to these instruments. Accordingly, gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value are reflected in the profit or loss.

2018 2017
(+/-) \$m (+/-) \$m
+/- 0.50% (50 basis points) A\$ 18.4 15.0
Total A\$ equivalent 18.4 15.0

b) Financial risk management (continued)

ii) Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is associated with ensuring that there are sufficient funds available to meet the Trust's financial commitments as and when they fall due and planning for any unforeseen events which may curtail cash flows. The Trust identifies and manages liquidity risk across the following categories:

  • short-term liquidity management covering the month ahead on a rolling basis with continuous monitoring of forecast and actual cash flows;
  • medium-term liquidity management of liquid assets, working capital and standby facilities to cover Trust cash requirements over the next 1-24 month period. The Trust maintains a level of committed borrowing facilities above the forecast committed debt requirements (liquidity headroom buffer). Committed debt includes future expenditure that has been approved by the Board or Investment Committee (as required within delegated limits); and
  • long-term liquidity management through ensuring an adequate spread of maturities of borrowing facilities so that refinancing risk is not concentrated in certain time periods, and ensuring an adequate diversification of funding sources where possible, subject to market conditions.

Refinancing risk

Refinancing risk is the risk that the Trust:

  • will be unable to refinance its debt facilities as they mature; and/or
  • will only be able to refinance its debt facilities at unfavourable interest rates and credit market conditions (margin price risk).

The Trust's key risk management strategy for margin price risk on refinancing is to spread the maturities of debt facilities over different time periods to reduce the volume of facilities to be refinanced and the exposure to market conditions in any one period. An analysis of the contractual maturities of the Trust's interest bearing liabilities and derivative financial instruments is shown in the table below. The amounts in the table represent undiscounted cash flows.

2018 2017
Between Between two Between Between
Within one and and five After five Within one one and two and five After five
one year two years years years year two years years years
\$m \$m \$m \$m \$m \$m \$m \$m
Payables (69.7) - - - (68.3) - - -
Loans with related parties and interest1 (122.5) (2,990.5) - - (113.5) (119.1) (2,818.3) -
Derivative financial instruments
Derivative assets - 1.2 13.9 0.1 - 0.7 12.9 -
Derivative liabilities (6.8) (0.7) - - (11.7) (5.0) - -
Total net derivative financial instruments2 (6.8) 0.5 13.9 0.1 (11.7) (4.3) 12.9 -

1 Includes estimated interest and fees.

2 For interest rate swaps and options, only the net interest cash flows (not the notional principal) are included. Refer to note 9(c) for fair value of derivatives and refer to note 10(b) for financial guarantees.

(b) Financial risk management (continued)

iii) Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk that the counterparty will not fulfil its obligations under the terms of a financial instrument and will cause financial loss to the Trust. The Trust has exposure to credit risk on all financial assets included in the Trust's Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

The Trust manages this risk by:

  • adopting a process for determining an approved counterparty, with consideration of qualitative factors as well as the counterparty's credit rating;
  • regularly monitoring counterparty exposure within approved credit limits that are based on the lower of a S&P, Moody's and Fitch credit rating. The exposure includes the current market value of in-the-money contracts and the potential exposure, which is measured with reference to credit conversion factors as per APRA guidelines;
  • entering into International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) Master Agreements once a financial institution counterparty is approved;
  • monitoring tenants exposure within approved credit limits;
  • for some trade receivables, obtaining collateral where necessary in the form of bank guarantees and tenant bonds; and
  • regularly monitoring loans and receivables on an ongoing basis.

A minimum S&P rating of A– (or Moody's or Fitch equivalent) is required to become or remain an approved counterparty unless otherwise approved by the Dexus Board.

The Trust is exposed to credit risk on cash balances and on derivative financial instruments with financial institutions. The Trust has a policy that sets limits as to the amount of credit exposure to each financial institution. New derivatives and cash transactions are limited to financial institutions that meet minimum credit rating criteria in accordance with the Trust's policy requirements.

Financial instrument transactions are spread among a number of approved financial institutions within specified credit limits to minimise the Trust's exposure to any one counterparty. As a result, there is no significant concentration of credit risk for financial instruments. The maximum exposure to credit risk at 30 June 2017 is the carrying amounts of financial assets recognised on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

The Trust is exposed to credit risk on trade receivable balances. The Trust has a policy to continuously assess and monitor the credit quality of trade debtors on an ongoing basis. Given the historical profile and exposure of the trade receivables, it has been is determined that no significant concentrations of credit risk exists for trade receivables balances. The maximum exposure to credit risk at 30 June 2017 is the carrying amounts of the trade receivables recognised on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

b) Financial risk management (continued)

iv) Fair value

As at 30 June 2018, the carrying amounts of financial assets and liabilities are held at fair value. The Trust uses the following methods in the determination and disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments:

Level 1: The fair value is calculated using quoted prices in active markets.

Level 2: The fair value is determined using inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

Level 3: The fair value is estimated using inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable data.

All financial instruments, excluding cash, were measured at Level 2 for the periods presented in this report. During the year, there were no transfers between Level 1, 2 and 3 fair value measurements.

Key assumptions: fair value of derivatives

The fair value of derivatives have been determined based on observable market inputs (interest rates) and applying a credit or debit value adjustment based on the current credit worthiness of counterparties and the Trust.

v) Offsetting financial assets and financial liabilities

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position where there is a legally enforceable right to set-off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. No financial assets and liabilities are currently held under netting arrangements.

Master Netting arrangements – not currently enforceable

Agreements with derivative counterparties are based on an ISDA Master Agreement. Under the terms of these arrangements, where certain credit events occur (such as default), the net position owing/receivable to a single counterparty in the same currency will be taken as owing and all the relevant arrangements terminated. As the Group does not presently have a legally enforceable right of set-off, these amounts have not been offset in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

c) Derivative financial instruments

A derivative is a type of financial instrument typically used to manage risk. A derivative's value changes over time in response to underlying variables including interest rates or exchange rates and is entered into for a fixed period. A hedge is where a derivative is used to manage an underlying exposure and the Trust uses derivatives to manage its exposure to interest rates.

Written policies and limits are approved by the Board of Directors of the Responsible Entity, in relation to the use of financial instruments to manage financial risks. The Responsible Entity regularly reviews the Trust's exposures and updates its treasury policies and procedures. The Trust does not trade in derivative instruments for speculative purposes.

Note 10 Commitments and contingencies

a) Commitments

Capital commitments

The following amounts represent remaining capital expenditure on investment properties and inventories contracted at the end of each reporting period but not recognised as liabilities payable:

2018 2017
\$m \$m
Investment properties 158.8 102.9
Investments accounted for using the equity method 33.8 37.5
Total capital commitments 192.6 140.4

Lease payable commitments

The future minimum lease payments receivable by the Trust are:

2018 2017
\$m \$m
Within one year 0.5 0.5
Later than one year but not later than five years 2.0 2.0
Later than five years 3.4 3.9
Total lease payable commitments 5.9 6.4

Lease receivable commitments

The future minimum lease payments receivable by the Trust are:

2018 2017
\$m \$m
Within one year 243.2 240.8
Later than one year but not later than five years 951.0 642.5
Later than five years 295.4 305.9
Total lease receivable commitments 1,489.6 1,189.2

b) Contingencies

The Trust, together with DDF, DIT and DXO, is a guarantor of A\$4,358.9 million of interest bearing liabilities (refer note 13 of the Dexus Financial Report). The guarantees have been given in support of debt outstanding and drawn against these facilities, and may be called upon in the event that a borrowing entity has not complied with certain requirements such as failure to pay interest or repay a borrowing, whichever is earlier. During the period no guarantees were called.

The above guarantees are issued in respect of the Trust and do not constitute an additional liability to those already existing in interest bearing liabilities on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

The Directors of the Responsible Entity are not aware of any other contingent liabilities in relation to the Trust, other than those disclosed in the Financial Statements, which should be brought to the attention of unitholders as at the date of completion of this report.

Note 11 Loans with related parties

The 30 June 2017 current loan with related parties balance represented a non-interest bearing loan provided by Dexus Martin Place Trust, which is co-owned by the Trust and DWPF. The balance of the loan represented the Trust's share of the proceeds from the disposal of 39 Martin Place, Sydney less the deposit paid for MLC Centre, 19 Martin Place, Sydney. This loan was subsequently repaid in on the 19 July 2017 upon Dexus Martin Place Trust's settlement of the acquisition of the MLC Centre.

Note 12 Contributed equity

Number of units on issue

2018 2017
No. of units No. of units
Opening balance at the beginning of the year 1,016,967,300 967,947,692
Issue of additional equity 437,242 49,019,608
Buy-back of contributed equity (207,665) -
Closing balance at the end of the year 1,017,196,877 1,016,967,300

Each stapled security ranks equally with all other stapled securities for the purposes of distributions and on termination of the Trust.

Each stapled security entitles the holder to vote in accordance with the provisions of the Constitutions and the Corporations Act 2001.

Transaction costs arising on the issue of equity instruments are recognised directly in equity (net of tax) as a reduction of the proceeds of the equity instruments to which the costs relate. Transaction costs are the costs that are incurred directly in connection with the issue of those equity instruments and which would not have been incurred had those instruments not been issued.

Note 13 Working capital

a) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions and other short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

b) Receivables

Rental, management fees and interest revenue are brought to account on an accruals basis. Dividends and distributions are recognised when declared and, if not received at the end of the reporting period, reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as a receivable.

Trade and other receivables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method, less provision for doubtful debts. Trade receivables are required to be settled within 30 days and are assessed on an ongoing basis for impairment. Receivables which are known to be uncollectable are written off by reducing the carrying amount directly. A provision for doubtful debts is established when there is objective evidence that the Trust will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the original terms of the receivables.

2018 2017
\$m \$m
Rent receivable 5.0 7.4
Total rental receivables 5.0 7.4
Distributions receivable 21.2 25.3
Other receivables 0.7 4.2
Total other receivables 21.9 29.5
Total receivables 26.9 36.9

c) Other current assets

2018 2017
\$m \$m
Prepayments 17.1 3.4
Total other current assets 17.1 3.4

Note 13 Working capital (continued)

d) Payables

2018
\$m
2017
\$m
Trade creditors 13.3 13.9
Accruals 1.2 1.2
Accrued capital expenditure 30.4 32.8
Prepaid income 11.8 9.0
Accrued interest 12.1 9.3
Other payables 1.2 2.1
Total payables 70.0 68.3

e) Provisions

A provision is recognised when an obligation exists as a result of a past event and it is probable that a future outflow of cash or other benefit will be required to settle the obligation.

In accordance with the Trust's Constitution, the Trust distributes its distributable income to unitholders by cash or reinvestment. Distributions are provided for when they are approved by the Board of Directors and declared.

2018 2017
\$m \$m
Provision for distribution 149.9 119.6
Total current provisions 149.9 119.6

Movements in each class of provision during the financial year, other than employee benefits, are set out below:

2018 2017
\$m \$m
Opening balance at the beginning of the year 119.6 91.0
Additional provisions 285.5 241.2
Payment of distributions (255.2) (212.6)
Closing balance at the end of the year 149.9 119.6

A provision for distribution has been raised for the period ended 30 June 2018. This distribution is to be paid on 30 August 2018.

Other disclosures

In this section

This section includes other information that must be disclosed to comply with the Accounting Standards, the Corporations Act 2001 or the Corporations Regulations, but which are not considered critical in understanding the financial performance or position of the Trust.

Note 14 Audit, taxation and transaction service fees

During the year, the Auditor and its related practices earned the following remuneration:

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Audit fees
PwC Australia - audit and review of Financial Statements 387 419
PwC fees paid in relation to outgoings audits 96 74
PwC Australia - regulatory audit and compliance services 5 5
Audit fees paid to PwC 488 498
Taxation fees
Fees paid to PwC Australia and New Zealand - 20
Taxation fees paid to PwC - 20

Total audit and taxation fees paid to PwC 488 518

Note 15 Cash flow information

a) Reconciliation of cash flows from operating activities

Reconciliation of net profit after income tax to net cash outflows from operating activities:

2018 2017
\$m \$m
Net profit/(loss) for the year 1,069.8 858.2
Capitalised interest (6.1) (3.9)
Net fair value (gain)/loss of investment properties (487.3) (314.7)
Share of net (profit)/loss of investments accounted for using the equity method (516.3) (458.7)
Net fair value (gain)/loss of derivatives (12.0) (70.3)
Net fair value (gain)/loss of interest rate swaps 3.7 3.8
Net (gain)/loss on sale of investment properties (1.9) (23.4)
Change in operating assets and liabilities
(Increase)/decrease in receivables 10.1 5.8
(Increase)/decrease in prepaid expenses (5.5) 1.3
(Increase)/decrease in other non-current assets - investments 319.8 248.5
(Increase)/decrease in other non-current assets 0.5 (0.6)
Increase/(decrease) in payables 1.0 (2.8)
Increase/(decrease) in current liabilities (0.5) (2.0)
Increase/(decrease) in other non-current liabilities 140.8 130.0
Net cash inflow/(outflow) from operating activities 516.1 371.2

Note 15 Cash flow information (continued)

b) Net debt reconciliation

Loans with
related
parties
\$m
Balance as at 1 July 2017 2,845.6
Changes from financing cash flows
Proceeds from loan with related party 2,499.7
Repayment of loan with related party (2,270.2)
Non cash changes
Swap interest accrued -
Capital reallocation (350.1)
Intercompany interest capitalised to loan 140.9
Changes in fair value 1.1
Balance as at 30 June 2018 2,867.0

Note 16 Related parties

Responsible Entity

DXFM is the Responsible Entity of the Trust.

Management Fees

Under the terms of the Trust's Constitution, the Responsible Entity is entitled to receive fees in relation to the management of the Trust. DXFM's parent entity, DXH, is entitled to be reimbursed for administration expenses incurred on behalf of the Trust. Dexus Property Services Pty Limited (DXPS), a wholly owned subsidiary of DXH, is entitled to property management fees from the Trust.

Related party transactions

Responsible Entity fees in relation to the Trust assets are on a cost recovery basis.

Transactions with related parties

There were a number of transactions and balances between the Trust and the Responsible Entity and its related entities, as detailed below:

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Responsible Entity fees paid and payable 16,346 13,869
Property management fees paid and payable to DXPS 6,924 6,467
Responsible Entity fees payable at the end of each reporting year (included above) 968 932
Property management fees payable at the end of each reporting year (included above) 570 504
Administration expenses payable at the end of each reporting year (included above) 104 1,063
Rent received 2,365 2,348

Note 16 Related parties (continued)

Entities within DXS

Aggregate amounts included in the determination of profit that resulted from transactions with each class of other related parties:

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Interest expense 144,527 133,749
Interest bearing loans advanced from entities within DXS 2,149,649 989,470
Interest bearing loans advanced to entities within DXS 1,979,292 1,638,554

Related party transactions

Responsible Entity fees in relation to the Trust assets are on a cost recovery basis.

There were a number of transactions and balances between the Trust and the Responsible Entity and its related entities, as detailed below:

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Responsible Entity fees paid and payable 16,346 13,869
Property management fees paid and payable to DXPS 6,924 6,467
Responsible Entity fees payable at the end of each reporting year (included above) 968 932
Property management fees payable at the end of each reporting year (included above) 570 504
Administration expenses payable at the end of each reporting year (included above) 104 1,063
Rent received 2,760 2,348

Key management personnel compensation

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Compensation
Short-term employee benefits 9,275 8,967
Post employment benefits 350 717
Security-based payments 3,725 3,011
Total key management personal compensation 13,350 12,695

Note 17 Parent entity disclosures

The financial information for the parent entity of Dexus Office Trust has been prepared on the same basis as the Consolidated Financial Statements except as set out below.

Distributions received from associates are recognised in the parent entity's Statement of Comprehensive Income, rather than being deducted from the carrying amount of these investments.

Interests held by the parent entity in controlled entities are measured at fair value through profit and loss to reduce a measurement or recognition inconsistency.

Note 17 Parent entity disclosures (continued)

a) Summary financial information

The individual Financial Statements for the parent entity show the following aggregate amounts:

2018 2017
\$m \$m
Total current assets 1,107.0 1,270.3
Total assets 9,057.6 7,865.3
Total current liabilities 213.3 168.8
Total liabilities 3,093.2 3,036.3
Equity
Contributed equity 3,050.8 2,699.7
Retained profits 2,913.6 2,129.4
Total equity 5,964.4 4,829.1
Net profit/(loss) for the year 1,069.7 858.1
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year 1,069.8 858.1

b) Guarantees entered into by the parent entity

Refer to note 10 for details of guarantees entered into by the parent entity.

c) Contingent liabilities

The parent entity had no contingent liabilities as at 30 June 2018 (2017: nil).

d) Capital commitments

The following amounts represent capital expenditure of the parent entity on investment properties contracted at the end of the reporting period but not recognised as liabilities payable:

2018 2017
\$m \$m
Investment properties 37.7 8.2
Total capital commitments 37.7 8.2

Note 18 Subsequent events

Since the end of the year, the Directors are not aware of any matter or circumstance not otherwise dealt with in their Directors' Report or the Financial Statements that has significantly or may significantly affect the operations of the Trust, the results of those operations, or state of the Trust's affairs in future financial periods.

Indep endent suditor's r ep ort

To the stapled security holders of Dexus Office Trust

Report on the audit of the financial report

Our opinion

In our opinion:

The accompanying financial report of Dexus Office Trust (the Registered Scheme) and its controlled entities (together the Group) is in accordance with the Corporations Act 2oor, including:

  • (a) giving a true and fair view of the Group's financial position as at 30 June zor8 and of its financial performance for the year then ended
  • (b) complying with Australian Accounting Standards and the Corporations Regulations zoot.

lVhsttoe hsue audited.

The Group financial report comprises:

  • r the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as at 30 June zor8
  • o the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the year then ended
  • . the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity for the year then ended
  • . the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year then ended
  • o the Notes to the Financial Statements, which include significant accounting policies
  • o the Directors' Declaration.

Basts for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with Australian Auditing Standards. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in theAuditor's responsibilitiesfor the audit of thefinancial report section of our report.

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Independ.ence

We are independent of the Group in accordance with the auditor independence requirements of the Corporations Act zoot and the ethical requirements of the Accounting Professional and Ethical Standards Board's APES rro Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (the Code) that are relevant to our audit of the financial report in Australia. We have also fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with the Code.

PricewoterhouseCoopers,ABN gz 7Ao 4Sg 757 One InternationqlTouers Sydney,Watermans Quay, Barangeroo, GPO BOX 265o, SYDNEY NSW zoot T: +6t z 8266 oooo, F: +6r z 8266 9999,www.pwc.com.au I'euel rt, tPSQ, t69 Macquarie Street, Parramatta NSW zt5o, PO Box tt55 Parramatta NSW ztz4 T: +6t z 9659 2476, F: +6t z 8266 9999,www.ptuccom.au

Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation.

a

report as a whole.

thresholds.

We chose FFO because, in our view, it is the key perforrnance measure of the Group. An explanation of what is included in FFO is outlined in Note r, Operating segments of the Dexus Annual Report. We utlised a S% threshold based on our professional judgement, noting it is within the range of commonly acceptable profi t related

a

Our audit approach

An audit is designed to provide reasonable assurance about whether the financial report is free from material misstatement. Misstatements may arise due to fraud or error. They are considered material if individually or in aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis ofthe financial report.

We tailored the scope of our audit to ensure that we performed enough work to be able to give an opinion on the financial report as a whole, taking into account the geographic and management structure of the Group, its accounting processes and controls and the industry in which it operates.

Jfi7'l*rfrfiEtt rEfr@& l@ffifitt'ttfiEtr1 a For the purpose ofour audit we used overall materiality of \$16.1 million, which represents approximately5% of the Group's adjusted profit before tax (Funds From Operations or FFO). We applied this threshold, together with qualitative considerations, to determine the scope ofour audit and the nature, timing and extent of our audit procedures and to evaluate the effect of misstatements on the financial The Group is a consolidated entity with operations in Australia. The scope ofour audit included the parent entity Dexus Office Trust and its controlled entities. Our audit focused on where the Group made subjective judgements; for example, significant accounting estimates involving assumptions and inherently uncertain future events. Amongst other relevant topics, we communicated the following key audit matter to the Board Audit Committee: - Valuation of investment properties, including those investment properties in investments accounted for under the equity method This is further described in the Key auditmaffers section of our report. a a a a

Key audit mltters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the financial report for the current period. The key audit matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial report as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. Further, any commentary on the outcomes of a particular audit procedure is made in that context.

@GttEfrrttttfi@
Vc,luation of inuesftnent properties, including
those inuestnent properties in inuestrnents
To assess the valuation of investment properties we
performed the following procedures amongst others:
occountedfor und.er the equitg rnethod
(Refer to Note 6 and 7)
We considered the valuation methodology adopted
a
by the Group and found it to be consistent with
The Group's investment property portfolio comprises: commonly accepted valuation approaches used for
investment properties in the industry and the
Group's valuation policy.
a Directly held properties included in the
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as
Inuestment Properhes valued at \$4,8ro.5 million
as at 30 June zor8 (zor7: \$3,889.2 million).
We obtained recent independent property market
a
reports to develop an understanding ofthe
prevailing market conditions in which the Group
invests. We leveraged this knowledge to form
a The Group's share of investment properties held
through equity accounted investments included in
the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
in Inuestments accountedfor using the equity
independent expectations for movements in
investment property values and underlying key
assumptions such as capitalisation rates and
discount rates.
methodvalued at \$4,327.r million as at 3o June
zotS (zot7: \$3,648.r million).
We compared the capitalisation rates and discount
a
rates used by the Group to ranges we determined
were reasonable based on benchmark market data.

Investment properties are carried at fair value at reporting date using the Group's policy as described in Note 6. The valuation of investment properties is dependent on a number ofassumptions and inputs including, tenant information, property age and location, expected future rental profiles, and prevailing market conditions. Amongst others, the following assumptions are key in establishing fair value:

  • . The capitalisation rate
  • . The adopted discount rate.

We considered the valuation of investment properties to be a key audit matter due to the:

  • r Financial significance of investment properties in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
  • o Potential for changes in the fair value of investment properties to have a significant effect on the Group's comprehensive income.

  • were reasonable based on benchmark market data. Where capitalisation rates, discount rates and/or movements in individual property valuations fell outside of our anticipated ranges, we performed the following procedures, amongst others:

  • Met with the Group's Senior Valuation Manager and discussed the specifics of the selected individual properties including, amongst other things, any new leases entered into during the year, lease expiries, capital expenditure and vacancy rates.
  • Agreed significant changes supporting documentation agreements. in inputs to such as new lease

We found that typically the variances related to the relative age, or size/location ofthe individual property in comparison to the market. In the context ofthe specific properties identified, we found the reasons for variances appropriate.

EE'ftiltrfi''iltfi''

  • a Inherently subjective nature of investment property valuations arising from the use of assumptions in the valuation methodology.
  • a Sensitivity of valuations to key input assumptions, including capitalisation rates, and discount rates.

As the Group engaged external experts to determine the fair value of investment properties, we considered the independence, experience and competency of the Group's independent experts as well as the results oftheir procedures.

Other information

The Directors of the responsible entity of the Group, Dexus Funds Management Limited (the Directors), are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the financial report for the year ended 30 June zor8, including the Directors' Report, but does not include the financial statements and related note disclosures and our auditor's report thereon.

a

Our opinion on the financial report does not cover the other information and accordingly we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit of the financial report, our responsibility is to read the other information identified above and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial report or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.

If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard.

Responsibilities of the Directors for thefinancial report

The Directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial report that gives a true and fair view in accordance with Australian Accounting Standards and the Corporations Act zoot and for such internal control as the Directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of the financial report that gives a true and fair view and is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial report, the Directors are responsible for assessing the ability of the Group to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the Directors either intend to liquidate the Group or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial report

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial report as a whole is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level ofassurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with the Australian Auditing Standards will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonablybe expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of the financial report.

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial report is located at the Auditing and Assurance Standards Board website at: http://www.auasb.gov.au/auditors_responsibilities/arr.pdf. This description forms part of our

PricewaterhouseCoopers

Matthew Lunn Partner

auditor's report.

Sydney 14 August 2o1B

Dexus Operations Trust Financial Report 30 June 2018

Directors' Report 1
Auditor's Independence Declaration 7
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 8
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 9
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 10
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 11
About This Report 12
Trust performance 16
Note 1 Operating segments 16
Note 2 Management fee revenue 16
Note 3 Property revenue and expenses 17
Note 4 Management operations, corporate and administration expenses 17
Note 5 Finance costs 17
Note 6 Taxation 18
Note 7 Earnings per unit 20
Note 8 Distributions paid and payable 20
Property portfolio assets 21
Note 9 Investment properties 21
Note 10 Inventories 24
Note 11 Non-current assets classified as held for sale 25
Capital and financial risk management and working capital 26
Note 12 Capital and financial risk management 26
Note 13 Commitments and contingencies 29
Note 14 Contributed equity 30
Note 15 Reserves 31
Note 16 Working capital 32
Other disclosures 34
Note 17 Plant and Equipment 34
Note 18 Intangible assets 34
Note 19 Available for sale financial assets 36
Note 20 Audit, taxation and transaction service fees 36
Note 21 Cash flow information 37
Note 22 Security-based payment 38
Note 23 Related parties 39
Note 24 Parent entity disclosures 40
Note 25 Subsequent events 40
Directors' Declaration 41
Independent Auditor's Report 42

Directors' Report

The Directors of Dexus Funds Management Limited (DXFM) as Responsible Entity of Dexus Operations Trust (DXO or the Trust) present their Directors' Report together with the consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended 30 June 2018. The consolidated Financial Statements represents DXO and its consolidated entities.

The Trust together with Dexus Diversified Trust (DDF), Dexus Industrial Trust (DIT) and Dexus Office Trust (DOT) form the Dexus (DXS or the Group) stapled security.

Directors and Secretaries

Directors

The following persons were Directors of DXFM at all times during the year and to the date of this Directors' Report, unless otherwise stated:

Directors Appointed Resigned
W Richard Sheppard, BEc (Hons), FAICD 1 January 2012
Elizabeth A Alexander, AM, BComm, FCA, FAICD, FCPA 1 January 2005 24 October 2017
Penny Bingham-Hall, BA (Industrial Design), FAICD, SF (Fin) 10 June 2014
John C Conde, AO, BSc, BE (Hons), MBA, FAICD 29 April 2009
Tonianne Dwyer, BJuris (Hons), LLB (Hons) 24 August 2011
Mark Ford, Dip. Tech (Commerce), CA, FAICD 1 November 2016
The Hon. Nicola L Roxon, BA/LLB (Hons), GAICD 1 September 2017
Darren J Steinberg, BEc, FRICS, FAPI, FAICD 1 March 2012
Peter B St George, CA(SA), MBA 29 April 2009

Company Secretaries

The names and details of the Company Secretaries of DXFM as at 30 June 2018 are as follows:

Brett D Cameron LLB/BA (Science and Technology), GAICD, FGIA

Appointed: 31 October 2014

Brett is the General Counsel and Company Secretary of Dexus companies and is responsible for the legal function, company secretarial services and compliance, risk and governance systems and practices across the Group.

Prior to joining Dexus, Brett was Head of Legal for Macquarie Real Estate (Asia) and has held senior legal positions at Macquarie Capital Funds in Hong Kong and Minter Ellison in Sydney and Hong Kong. Brett has 22 years' experience as in-house counsel and in private practice in Australia and in Asia, where he worked on real estate structuring and operations, funds management, mergers and acquisitions, private equity and corporate finance across a number of industries.

Brett graduated from The University of New South Wales and holds a Bachelor of Laws and a Bachelor of Arts (Science and Technology) and is a member of the Law Societies of New South Wales and Hong Kong. Brett is also a graduate of the Australian Institute of Company Directors and a Fellow of the Governance Institute of Australia.

Rachel Caralis LLB/B Com (Acc), M Com (Property Development), Grad Dip (Applied Corporate Governance) AGIA, AAPI

Appointed: 17 February 2016

Rachel is Senior Legal Counsel and Company Secretary of Dexus.

Rachel joined Dexus in 2008 after five years at King and Wood Mallesons where she worked in the real estate and projects team. Rachel has 15 years' experience as in-house counsel and in private practice working on real estate and corporate transactions, funds management and corporate finance for wholesale and listed clients.

Rachel graduated from the University of Canberra with a Bachelor of Laws and Bachelor of Commerce (Accounting), has completed a Masters of Commerce (Property Development) at the University of Western Sydney and a Graduate Diploma in Applied Corporate Governance at the Governance Institute of Australia. Rachel is a member of the Law Society of New South Wales, an associate of the Australian Property Institute and an associate of the Governance Institute of Australia.

Attendance of Directors at Board Meetings and Board Committee Meetings

The number of Directors' meetings held during the year and each Director's attendance at those meetings is set out in the table below. The Directors met 13 times during the year. Ten Board meetings were main meetings and three meetings were held to consider specific business.

Main meetings
held
Main meetings
attended
Specific meetings
held
Specific meetings
attended
W Richard Sheppard 10 10 3 3
Elizabeth A Alexander, AM 1 4 4 - -
Penny Bingham-Hall 10 10 3 3
John C Conde, AO 10 10 3 3
Tonianne Dwyer 10 10 3 3
Mark Ford 10 9 3 3
The Hon. Nicola L Roxon 2 8 8 3 3
Darren J Steinberg 10 10 3 3
Peter B St George 10 10 3 3

1 Ceased directorship 24 October 2017.

2 Commenced directorship on 1 September 2017.

Special meetings are held at a time to enable the maximum number of Directors to attend and are generally held to consider specific items that cannot be held over to the next scheduled main meeting.

The table below shows Non-Executive Directors' attendances at Board Committee meetings of which they were a member during the year ended 30 June 2018.

Board Audit
Committee
Board Risk
Committee
Board Nomination
Committee
Board People and
Remuneration
Committee
Held Attended Held Attended Held Attended Held Attended
W Richard Sheppard - - - - 4 4 5 5
Elizabeth A Alexander,AM1 1 1 - - - - - -
Penny Bingham-Hall - - 4 4 4 4 5 5
John C Conde, AO 3 3 - - 4 4 1 1
Tonianne Dwyer 4 4 4 4 - - - -
The Hon. Nicola L Roxon2 - - 3 3 - - 4 4
Mark Ford 4 4 4 4 - - - -
Peter B St George 4 4 4 4 - - - -

1 Ceased directorship 24 October 2017.

2 Commenced directorship on 1 September 2017.

Elizabeth A Alexander and Tonianne Dwyer were also Directors of Dexus Wholesale Property Limited (DWPL) and attended DWPL Board meetings during the year ended 30 June 2018. John Conde joined as a Director of Dexus Wholesale Property Limited (DWPL) on 25 October 2017.

Directors' relevant interests

The relevant interests of each Director in DXS stapled securities as at the date of this Directors' Report are shown below:

Directors No. of securities
W Richard Sheppard 70,090
Penny Bingham-Hall 16,534
John C Conde, AO 16,667
Tonianne Dwyer 16,667
Mark Ford 1,667
The Hon. Nicola L Roxon Nil
Darren J Steinberg1 1,219,571
Peter B St George 17,333

1 Includes interests held directly and through performance rights (refer note 22).

Operating and financial review

The results for the year ended 30 June 2018 were:

  • profit attributable to unitholders was \$90.6 million (2017: \$93.0 million);
  • total assets were \$921.4 million (2017: \$772.2 million); and
  • net assets were \$224.4 million (2017: \$359.4 million).

A review of the results, financial position and operations of the Group, of which the Trust forms part thereof, is set out in the Operating and Financial Review of the Dexus Financial Report and forms part of this Directors' Report.

Directors' directorships in other listed entities

The following table sets out directorships of other ASX listed entities (unless otherwise stated), not including DXFM, held by the Directors at any time in the three years immediately prior to the end of the year, and the period for which each directorship was held.

Director Company Date Appointed
W Richard Sheppard Star Entertainment Group 21 November 2012
Penny Bingham-Hall BlueScope Steel Limited 29 March 2011
Fortescue Metals Group Ltd 16 November 2016
John C Conde, AO Whitehaven Coal Limited 3 May 2007
Cooper Energy Limited 25 February 2013
Tonianne Dwyer Cardno Limited3 25 June 2012
Metcash Limited 24 June 2014
ALS Limited 1 July 2016
OZ Minerals Limited 21 March 2017
The Hon. Nicola L Roxon Lifestyle Communities Limited 1 September 2017
Peter B St George First Quantum Minerals Limited1 20 October 2003
Mark Ford Kiwi Property Group Limited2 16 May 2011

1 Listed for trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange in Canada.

2 Listed for trading on the New Zealand Stock Exchange since 22 December 2014.

3 Directorship ceased 27 January 2016.

Principal activities

During the year the principal activity of the Trust was to own, manage and develop high quality real estate assets and manage real estate funds on behalf of third party investors. There were no significant changes in the nature of the Trust's activities during the year.

Total value of Trust assets

The total value of the assets of the Trust as at 30 June 2018 was \$921.4 million (2017: \$772.2 million). Details of the basis of this valuation are outlined in the Notes to the Financial Statements and form part of this Directors' Report.

Likely developments and expected results of operations

In the opinion of the Directors, disclosure of any further information regarding business strategies and future developments or results of the Trust, other than the information already outlined in this Directors' Report or the Financial Statements accompanying this Directors' Report would be unreasonably prejudicial to the Trust.

Significant changes in the state of affairs

The Directors are not aware of any matter or circumstance not otherwise dealt with in this Directors' Report or the Financial Statements that has significantly or may significantly affect the operations of the Trust, the results of those operations, or the state of the Trust's affairs in future financial years.

Matters subsequent to the end of the financial year

Since the end of the financial year the Directors are not aware of any matter or circumstance not otherwise dealt with in this Directors' Report or the Financial Statements that has significantly or may significantly affect the operations of the Trust, the results of those operations, or the state of the Trust's affairs in future financial years.

Distributions

Distributions paid or payable by the Trust for the year ended 30 June 2018 are outlined in note 8 of the Notes to the Financial Statements and form part of this Directors' report.

DXFM fees

Details of fees paid or payable by the Trust to DXFM are eliminated on consolidation for the year ended 30 June 2018. Details are outlined in note 23 of the Notes to the Financial Statements and form part of this Directors' Report.

Units on Issue

The movement in units on issue in the Trust during the year and the number of units on issue as at 30 June 2018 are detailed in note 14 of the Notes to the Financial Statements and form part of this Directors' Report.

Environmental regulation

DXS senior management, through its Board Risk Committee, oversees the policies, procedures and systems that have been implemented to ensure the adequacy of its environmental risk management practices. It is the opinion of this Committee that adequate systems are in place for the management of its environmental responsibilities and compliance with its various licence requirements and regulations. Further, the Committee is not aware of any material breaches of these requirements.

Indemnification and insurance

The insurance premium for a policy of insurance indemnifying Directors, officers and others (as defined in the relevant policy of insurance) is paid by Dexus Holdings Pty Limited (DXH).

PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC or the Auditor), is indemnified out of the assets of the Trust pursuant to the Dexus Specific Terms of Business agreed for all engagements with PwC, to the extent that the Trust inappropriately uses or discloses a report prepared by PwC. The Auditor, PwC, is not indemnified for the provision of services where such an indemnification is prohibited by the Corporations Act 2001.

Directors' Report (continued)

Audit

Auditor

PricewaterhouseCoopers continues in office in accordance with section 327 of the Corporations Act 2001.

Non-audit services

The Trust may decide to employ the Auditor on assignments, in addition to its statutory audit duties, where the Auditor's expertise and experience with the Trust and/or DXS are important.

Details of the amounts paid or payable to the Auditor for audit and non-audit services provided during the year are set out in note 20 of the Notes to the Financial Statements.

The Board Audit Committee is satisfied that the provision of non-audit services provided during the year by the Auditor (or by another person or firm on the Auditor's behalf) is compatible with the standard of independence for auditors imposed by the Corporations Act 2001.

The reasons for the Directors being satisfied are:

  • All non-audit services have been reviewed by the Board Audit Committee to ensure that they do not impact the impartiality and objectivity of the auditor
  • None of the services undermine the general principles relating to auditor independence as set out in APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants.

The above Directors' statements are in accordance with the advice received from the Board Audit Committee.

Auditor's Independence Declaration

A copy of the Auditor's Independence Declaration as required under section 307C of the Corporations Act 2001 is set out on page 7 and forms part of this Directors' Report.

Corporate governance

DXFM's Corporate Governance Statement is available at: www.dexus.com/corporategovernance

Rounding of amounts and currency

As the Trust is an entity of the kind referred to in ASIC Corporations (Rounding in Financial/Directors' Reports) Instrument 2016/191, the Directors have chosen to round amounts in this Directors' Report and the accompanying Financial Report to the nearest thousand dollars, unless otherwise indicated. The Trust is an entity to which the Instrument applies. All figures in this Directors' Report and the Financial Statements, except where otherwise stated, are expressed in Australian dollars.

Auditor's Independence Declaration

As lead auditor for the audit of Dexus Operations Trust for the year ended 3o June zor8, I declare that to the best of my knowledge and belief, there have been:

  • (a) no contraventions of the auditor independence requirements of the Corporations Act 2ool in relation to the audit; and
  • (b) no contraventions ofanyapplicable code ofprofessional conduct in relationtothe audit.

This declaration is in respect of Dexus Operations Trust and the entities it controlled during the period.

MatthewLunn Partner PricewaterhouseCoopers

Sydney 4 August 2018

PriceutaterhouseCoopers, ABN ge 78o 4gg 757 OneInternationalTowersSydney,WatermansQuay,Barangaroo,GPOBOXz6go,SID.NEY NSW zoot T: +6t z 8266 oooo, F: +6t z 8266 9999,tDunulpwc.eom.au Leuel u, IPSQ, t69 Macquarie Street, Parramatta NSW zt5o, PO Box ttg5 Parramatta NSW ztz4 T: +6t z 9659 2476, F: +6t z 8266 9999, www.Wc.com.au

Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation.

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

For the year ended 30 June 2018

2018 2017
Note \$'000 \$'000
Revenue from ordinary activities
Property revenue 3 36,034 28,040
Development revenue 145,579 224,343
Distribution revenue 357 321
Interest revenue 97 101
Management fee revenue and other 2 176,661 160,641
Total revenue from ordinary activities 358,728 413,446
Net fair value gain of investment properties 9(a) 29,788 14,416
Other income 455 -
Total income 388,971 427,862
Expenses
Property expenses 3 (11,430) (9,683)
Development costs 10 (95,845) (146,860)
Finance costs 5 (16,190) (9,403)
Impairment of inventories (599) -
Impairment of goodwill 18 (99) (99)
Share of net loss of investments accounted for using the equity method (819) -
Transaction costs (1,132) -
Management operations, corporate and administration expenses 4 (135,996) (127,687)
Total expenses (262,110) (293,732)
Profit/(loss) before tax 126,861 134,130
Income tax expense 6(a) (36,260) (41,121)
Profit/(loss) for the year 90,601 93,009
Other comprehensive income/(loss):
Changes in fair value of available-for-sale financial assets 15 (456) (175)
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year 90,145 92,834
Cents Cents
Earnings per unit on profit attributable to unitholders of the parent entity
Basic earnings per unit 7 8.91 9.60
Diluted earnings per unit 7 8.91 9.60

The above Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

As at 30 June 2018

2018 2017
Note \$'000 \$'000
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents 16(a) 5,095 2,035
Receivables 16(b) 32,513 33,939
Non-current assets classified as held for sale 11 2,027 -
Inventories 10 37,573 -
Other current assets 3,851 3,871
Total current assets 81,059 39,845
Non-current assets
Investment properties 9 222,058 179,614
Plant and equipment 17 16,035 16,441
Inventories 10 268,826 211,315
Investments accounted for using the equity method 293 -
Intangible assets 18 314,639 309,450
Available for sale financial assets 19 15,529 13,425
Other non-current assets 2,913 2,106
Total non-current assets 840,293 732,351
Total assets 921,352 772,196
Current liabilities
Payables 16(c) 21,715 38,435
Current tax liabilities 6(c)
5,178 24,777
Provisions 16(d) 82,123 79,885
Other current liabilities 7 -
Total current liabilities 109,023 143,097
Non-current liabilities
Loans with related parties 479,801 172,105
Deferred tax liabilities 6(e) 93,740 82,912
Provisions 16(d) 10,763 9,656
Other non-current liabilities 3,579 5,064
Total non-current liabilities 587,883 269,737
Total liabilities 696,906 412,834
Net assets 224,446 359,362
Equity
Contributed equity 14 86,700 261,664
Reserves 15 43,637 44,190
Retained profits 94,109 53,508
Total equity 224,446 359,362

The above Consolidated Statement of Financial Position should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

For the year ended 30 June 2018

Contributed
equity
Asset
revaluation
reserve
Treasury
securities
reserve
Security
based
payments
reserve
Available
for-sale
financial
assets
Retained
profits/
(losses)
Total equity
Note \$'000 \$'000 \$'000 \$'000 \$'000 \$'000 \$'000
Opening balance as at 1 July 2016 237,985 42,738 (379) 305 1,761 10,499 292,909
Profit/(loss) for the year - - - - - 93,009 93,009
Other comprehensive income/(loss) for the year - - - - (175) - (175)
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year - - - - (175) 93,009 92,834
Transactions with owners in their capacity as unitholders:
Issue of additional equity, net of transaction costs 23,679 - - - - - 23,679
Purchase of securities, net of transaction costs 15 - - (200) - - - (200)
Security-based payments expense 15 - - - 140 - - 140
Distributions paid or provided for 8 - - - - - (50,000) (50,000)
Total transactions with owners in their capacity as owners 23,679 - (200) 140 - (50,000) (26,381)
Closing balance as at 30 June 2017 261,664 42,738 (579) 445 1,586 53,508 359,362
Opening balance as at 1 July 2017 261,664 42,738 (579) 445 1,586 53,508 359,362
Profit/(loss) for the year - - - - - 90,601 90,601
Other comprehensive income/(loss) for the year - - - - (456) - (456)
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year - - - - (456) 90,601 90,145
Transactions with owners in their capacity as unitholders:
Issue of additional equity, net of transaction costs 177 - 316 (221) - - 272
Buy-back of contributed equity, net of transaction costs (46) - - - - - (46)
Purchase of securities, net of transaction costs 15 - - (279) - - - (279)
Security-based payments expense 15 - - - 87 - - 87
Distributions paid or provided for 8 - - - - - (50,000) (50,000)
Capital return1 (175,095) - - - - - (175,095)
Total transactions with owners in their capacity as owners (174,964) - 37 (134) - (50,000) (225,061)
Closing balance as at 30 June 2018 86,700 42,738 (542) 311 1,130 94,109 224,446

1. DXFM, as Responsible Entity of DXO, made a capital return of 17.21 cents per unit to the existing unit holders as part of the capital reallocation process that was approved at the Annual General Meeting on 19 September 2017.

The above Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

For the year ended 30 June 2018

2018 2017
Note \$'000 \$'000
Cash flows from operating activities
Receipts in the course of operations (inclusive of GST) 234,692 213,118
Payments in the course of operations (inclusive of GST) (173,777) (125,894)
Interest received 97 101
Finance costs paid to financial institutions 1,546 (186)
Income and withholding taxes paid (45,031) (52,809)
Proceeds from sale of property classified as inventory 147,942 221,980
Payments for property classified as inventory (182,129) (73,106)
Net cash inflow/(outflow) from operating activities 21 (16,660) 183,204
Cash flows from investing activities
Proceeds from sale of investment properties - 912
Payments for capital expenditure on investment properties (21,749) (8,109)
Payments for acquisition of investments (1,000) -
Payments for investments accounted for using the equity method (1,112) -
Payments for plant and equipment (3,077) (3,048)
Payments for other intangible assets (10,983) (7,140)
Net cash inflow/(outflow) from investing activities (37,921) (17,385)
Cash flows from financing activities
Borrowings provided to related parties (458,180) (298,596)
Borrowings received from related parties 572,384 137,120
Payments for buy-back of contributed equity (46) -
Proceeds from issue of additional equity, net of transaction costs 177 23,679
Purchase of securities for security-based payments plans (7,051) (7,369)
Distributions received 357 321
Distributions paid to security holders (50,000) (25,000)
Net cash inflow/(outflow) from financing activities 57,641 (169,845)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 3,060 (4,026)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 2,035 6,061
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 5,095 2,035

The above Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.

About This Report

In this section

This section sets out the basis upon which the Trust's Financial Statements are prepared.

Specific accounting policies are described in their respective notes to the Financial Statements. This section also shows information on new or amended accounting standards and their impact on the financial position and performance of the Trust.

Basis of preparation

The financial statements are general purpose financial reports which have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Constitutions of the entities within the Trust, the Corporations Act 2001, AASB's issued by the Australian Accounting Standards Board and International Financial Reporting Standards adopted by the International Accounting Standard Board.

Unless otherwise stated the financial statements have been prepared using consistent accounting policies in line with those of the previous financial year and corresponding interim reporting period.

The financial statements are presented in Australian dollars, with all values rounded in the nearest thousand dollars in accordance with ASIC Corporations (Rounding in Financial/Directors' Reports) Instrument 2016/191, unless otherwise stated.

The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis using historical cost conventions, except for investment properties, investment properties within the equity accounted investments, derivative financial instruments, and other financial liabilities which are stated at their fair value.

Dexus stapled securities are quoted on the Australian Securities Exchange under the "DXS" code and comprise one unit in each of DDF, DIT, DOT and DXO. Each entity forming part of DXS continues as a separate legal entity in its own right under the Corporations Act 2001 and is therefore required to comply with reporting and disclosure requirements under the Corporations Act 2001 and Australian Accounting Standards.

Working capital deficiency

As at 30 June 2018, the Trust had a current net asset deficiency of \$28.0 million (2017: \$103.3 million). This is due to the provision of distribution of \$50.0 million due to be paid in August 2018.

The capital risk management is not managed at the Trust level, but rather holistically as part of the Group. This is done through a centralised treasury function which ensures that entities within the Group (including DXO) will be able to continue as a going concern.

The Group has in place both external and internal funding arrangements to support the cash flow requirements of the Trust, including undrawn facilities of \$886.6 million (2017: \$1,060.5 million) [refer to note 13 Interest bearing liabilities in the DXS financial statements].

In the event that the entity requires additional funding to meet current liabilities in the 12 months succeeding the date of this financial report, the Group will make adequate funds available to the Trust.

In determining the basis of preparation of the financial report, the directors of the responsible entity of the Trust, have taken into consideration the unutilised facilities available to the group. As such the Trust is a going concern and the Financial Statements have been prepared on that basis.

The Financial Statements are presented in Australian dollars.

As at 30 June 2018, the Trust had no investments in foreign operations.

Critical accounting estimates

In the process of applying the Trust's accounting policies, management has made a number of judgements and applied estimates of future events. Judgements and estimates which are material to the financial report are discussed in the following notes:

Note 9 Investment properties Page 21
Note 10 Inventories Page 24
Note 18 Intangible assets Page 34
Note 22 Security-based payment Page 38

Principles of consolidation

These consolidated Financial Statements incorporate the assets, liabilities and results of all subsidiaries as at 30 June 2018.

(a) Controlled entities

Subsidiaries are all entities over which the Trust has control. The Trust controls an entity when the Trust is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power to direct the activities of the entity. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Trust. They are deconsolidated from the date that control ceases.

(b) Joint arrangements

Investments in joint arrangements are classified as either joint operations or joint ventures depending on the contractual rights and obligations each investor has, rather than the legal structure of the joint arrangement.

Joint operations

Where assets are held directly as tenants in common, the Trust's proportionate share of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities are included in their respective items of the Statement of Financial Position and Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Joint ventures

Investments in joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method. Under this method, the Trust's share of the joint ventures' post-acquisition profits or losses is recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income and distributions received from joint ventures are recognised as a reduction of the carrying amount of the investment.

(c) Employee share trust

The Group has formed a trust to administer the Group's security-based employee benefits. The employee share trust is consolidated as the substance of the relationship is that the trust is controlled by the Group.

Goods and services tax

Revenues, expenses and capital assets are recognised net of any amount of Australian Goods and Services Tax (GST), except where the amount of GST incurred is not recoverable. In these circumstances the GST is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense. Cash flows are included in the Statement of Cash Flows on a gross basis. The GST component of cash flows arising from investing and financing activities that is recoverable from or payable to the Australian Taxation Office is classified as cash flows from operating activities.

New accounting standards and interpretations

Certain new accounting standards and interpretations have been published that are not mandatory for the 30 June 2018 reporting period. The Trust's assessment of the impact of these new standards and interpretations is set out below:

AASB 9 Financial Instruments (effective application for the Trust is 1 July 2018)

AASB 9 addresses the classification, measurement and de-recognition of financial assets and financial liabilities and introduces new rules for hedge accounting and impairment of financial assets. The following areas have specifically been considered.

Impairment of financial assets – The current impairment assessment model is an 'incurred loss' model requiring the Trust to consider whether or not the financial asset is impaired at the date of performing the assessment. Under AASB 9 this model has changed to an 'expected credit loss' model. Under this model, the Trust is required to consider the historical actual write off rates for a type of financial asset, and forward looking indicators that might impact the recoverability of similar financial assets currently recognised. Management is currently working through the model to quantify the impact but does not expect a material impact on the provision for doubtful debts.

Available for sale financial assets – The Trust has available-for-sale financial assets representing investments in equity securities which will remain being measured at fair value with fair value changes recognised through other comprehensive income. Under AASB 9, the gains and losses recognised in other comprehensive income will not be recycled to profit and loss on disposal of the equity instrument.

The Trust intends to adopt the new standard from 1 July 2018 and will not restate comparative information.

New accounting standards and interpretations (continued)

AASB 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (effective application for the Trust is 1 July 2018)

AASB 15 provides new guidance for determining when the Trust should recognise revenue. The new revenue recognition model is based on the principle that revenue is recognised when control of a good or service is transferred to a customer - either at a point in time or over time. The model features a contract–based five-step analysis of transactions to determine whether, how much and when revenue is recognised. The Trust's revenue is largely comprised of income under leases (see below), sales of inventory, management fees and development services.

Management has substantially completed its assessment of the impact of transition to the new standard and does not expect there to be an impact on the recognition and measurement of revenue although additional disclosures will be required.

The following specific revenue streams have been assessed:

Income under leases - Within its lease arrangements, the Trust provides certain services to tenants (such as utilities, cleaning, maintenance and certain parking arrangements) which will be accounted for within AASB 15. A portion of the consideration within the lease arrangement will be allocated to revenue for the provision of services. The service revenue will be recognised over time as the services are provided and as such, the timing of recognition of income is not expected to change. Such revenue will, however, be disclosed separately.

Investment management and property management fees - Where the Trust earns investment and property management fees, the fees will continue to be recognised monthly over the duration of the agreements. Management is still assessing any impact of the new guidance on property management contracts and whether these should be presented on a gross or net basis.

Sales of inventory and development services - AASB 15 provides an expedient whereby contracts that are completed as of the date of transition (1 July 2018) are not required to be re-assessed. Management expects to apply this expedient. There is no impact on existing sales of inventory and development services as the Trust has no uncompleted inventory or development contracts at 1 July 2018 which require re-assessment. All sales of inventory and development service contracts entered into post 1 July 2018 will be evaluated in accordance with the new model which will require management to assess: 1) whether there are multiple performance obligations in the contract and if so, whether the consideration is allocated based on relative stand-alone selling price; 2) whether the Trust's obligations are satisfied at a point in time or over time and 3) the appropriate timing and pattern of recognition.

The Trust will adopt the new standard from 1 July 2018 using the modified retrospective approach whereby comparatives for the year ended 30 June 2018 will not be restated.

AASB 16 Leases (effective application for the Trust is 1 July 2019)

AASB 16 sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases. In 2018, revenue recognised from leases was approximately \$32.5 million (2017: \$24.6 million). The accounting for this lease income is not expected to change with the adoption of the new standard other than the separation of service income from lease income for disclosure purposes as a result of the application of AASB 15 described above.

With respect to leases where the Trust is lessee, all leases, including ground lease, will be required to be recognised on balance sheet with the exception of short term or low value leases. An asset (the right to use the leased item) and a financial liability to pay rentals will be recognised with associated depreciation expense and finance cost. This differs to the current operating lease treatment where lease payments are recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Trust intends to apply the standard from 1 July 2019.

Notes to the Financial Statements

The notes include information which is required to understand the Financial Statements and is material and relevant to the operations, financial position and performance of the Trust.

The notes are organised into the following sections:

Trust performance Property portfolio
assets
Capital and financial risk
management and working capital
Other disclosures
1. Operating segments 9. Investment
properties
12. Capital and financial risk
management
17. Plant and Equipment
2. Management fee
revenue
10. Inventories 13. Commitments and
contingencies
18. Intangible assets
3. Property revenue and
expenses
11. Non-current assets
classified as held
for sale
14. Contributed equity 19. Available for sale
financial assets
4. Management
operations, corporate
and administration
expenses
15. Reserves 20. Audit, taxation and
transaction service
fees
5. Finance costs 16. Working capital 21. Cash flow information
6. Taxation 22. Security-based
payment
7. Earnings per unit 23. Related parties
8. Distributions paid and
payable
24. Parent entity
disclosures
25. Subsequent events

Trust performance

In this section

This section explains the results and performance of the Trust.

It provides additional information about those individual line items in the Financial Statements that the Directors consider most relevant in the context of the operations of the Trust, including: results by operating segment, management fee revenue, property revenue and expenses, management operations, corporate and administration expenses, finance costs, taxation, earnings per unit and distributions paid and payable.

Note 1 Operating segments

Description of segments

The Trust's operating segments have been identified based on the sectors analysed within the management reports reviewed in order to monitor performance across the Group and to appropriately allocate resources.

The operating segments within DXS are reviewed on a consolidated basis and are not monitored at an individual trust level.

Disclosures concerning DXS's operating segments are presented in the Dexus Financial Report.

Note 2 Management fee revenue

Management fees are brought to account on an accruals basis.

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Investment management & responsible entity fees 96,630 85,618
Rent and lease renewal fees 12,061 12,483
Property management fees 37,939 35,411
Capital works and development fees 8,111 10,122
Wages recovery and other fees 21,920 17,007
Total management fee revenue 176,661 160,641

Note 3 Property revenue and expenses

Property rental revenue is derived from holding properties as investment properties and earning rental yields over time. Rental revenue is recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term for leases with fixed rent review clauses.

Prospective tenants may be offered incentives as an inducement to enter into operating leases. The costs of incentives are recognised as a reduction of rental revenue on a straight-line basis from the lease commencement date to the end of the lease term. The carrying amount of the lease incentives is reflected in the fair value of investment properties.

Property, development and fund management fee revenue is recognised as the service is delivered, in accordance with the terms of the relevant contracts.

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Rent and recoverable outgoings 32,467 24,644
Incentive amortisation (4,353) (3,903)
Other revenue 7,920 7,299
Total property revenue 36,034 28,040

Property expenses of \$11.4 million (2017: \$9.7 million) includes rates, taxes and other property outgoings incurred in relation to investment properties.

Note 4 Management operations, corporate and administration expenses

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Audit, taxation, legal and other professional fees 4,099 5,010
Depreciation and amortisation 9,178 7,761
Employee benefits expense and other staff expenses 106,220 99,833
Administration and other expenses 16,499 15,083
Management operations, corporate and administration expenses 135,996 127,687

Note 5 Finance costs

Borrowing costs include interest, amortisation or other costs incurred in connection with arrangement of borrowings and net fair value movements of interest rate swaps. Borrowing costs are expensed as incurred unless they relate to qualifying assets.

A qualifying asset is an asset under development which takes a substantial period of time, where the works being carried out to bring it to its intended use or sale are expected to exceed 12 months in duration. Finance costs incurred for the acquisition and construction of a qualifying asset are capitalised to the cost of the asset for the period of time that is required to complete the asset. To the extent that funds are borrowed generally to fund development, the amount of borrowing costs to be capitalised to qualifying assets must be determined by using an appropriate capitalisation rate.

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Interest paid to related parties 19,945 11,799
Amount capitalised (3,959) (2,582)
Other finance costs 204 186
Total finance costs 16,190 9,403

The average capitalisation rate used to determine the amount of borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation is 5.75% (2017: 6.25%).

Trust Performance (continued)

Note 6 Taxation

DXO is liable for income tax and has formed a tax consolidated group with its wholly owned and controlled Australian entities. As a consequence, these entities are taxed as a single entity.

Income tax expense is comprised of current and deferred tax expense. Current and deferred tax is recognised in profit or loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case it is recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

Current tax expense represents the expense relating to the expected taxable income at the applicable rate of the financial year.

Deferred tax expense represents the tax expense in respect of the future tax consequences of recovering or settling the carrying amount of an asset or liability. Deferred income tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred income tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses, to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available to utilise them.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.

The carrying amount of deferred income tax assets is reviewed at balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to utilise them.

a) Income tax (expense)/benefit

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Current income tax expense (25,431) (37,486)
Deferred income tax expense (10,828) (3,635)
Total income tax expense (36,260) (41,121)

Deferred income tax expense included in income tax expense comprises:

Total deferred tax expense (10,828) (3,635)
Increase in deferred tax liabilities (12,942) (5,370)
Increase in deferred tax assets 2,114 1,735

b) Reconciliation of income tax (expense)/benefit to net profit

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Profit before income tax 126,861 134,130
Profit subject to income tax 126,861 134,130
Prima facie tax expense at the Australian tax rate of 30% (2017: 30%) (38,058) (40,239)
Tax effect of amounts which are not deductible/(taxable) in calculating taxable income:
(Non-assessable)/non-deductible items 1,010 (882)
Other timing differences 789 -
Income tax expense (36,260) (41,121)

c) Current Tax Liabilities

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Current tax liabilities 5,178 24,777
Total current tax liabilities 5,178 24,777

Trust Performance (continued)

Note 6 Taxation (continued)

d) Deferred tax assets

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
The balance comprises temporary differences attributable to:
Employee provisions 13,604 11,378
Other 1,805 1,917
Total non-current assets - deferred tax assets 15,409 13,295
Movements:
Opening balance at the beginning of the year 13,295 11,560
Movement in deferred tax asset arising from temporary differences 2,114 1,735
Credited to the Statement of Comprehensive Income 2,114 1,735
Closing balance at the end of the year 15,409 13,295
e)
Deferred tax liabilities
2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
The balance comprises temporary differences attributable to:
Intangible assets 74,812 74,911
Investment properties 34,184 20,893
Other 153 403
Total non-current liabilities - deferred tax liabilities 109,149 96,207
Movements
Opening balance at the beginning of the year 96,207 90,837
Movement in deferred tax liability arising from temporary differences 12,942 5,370
Charged/(credited) to the Statement of Comprehensive Income 12,942 5,370
Closing balance at the end of the year 109,149 96,207
Net deferred tax liabilities
2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Deferred tax assets 15,409 13,295
Deferred tax liabilities (109,149) (96,207)
Net deferred tax liabilities (93,740) (82,912)

Note 7 Earnings per unit

Earnings per unit are determined by dividing the net profit attributable to unitholders by the weighted average number of ordinary units outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per unit are adjusted from the basic earnings per unit by taking into account the impact of dilutive potential units.

a) Net profit used in calculating basic and diluted earnings per unit

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Profit attributable to unitholders of the parent entity 90,601 93,009

b) Weighted average number of units used as a denominator

2018 2017
No. of units No. of units
Weighted average number of units outstanding used in calculation of basic and diluted
earnings per unit 1,017,299,246 968,484,893

Note 8 Distributions paid and payable

Distributions are recognised when declared.

a) Distribution to unit holders

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
50,000 -
- 50,000
50,000 50,000

b) Distribution rate

2018 2017
Cents per unit Cents per unit
30 June (payable 30 August 2018) 4.92 -
30 June (paid 29 August 2017) - 4.92
Total distributions 4.92 4.92

c) Franked dividends

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Opening balance at the beginning of the year 33,298 1,910
Income tax paid during the year 45,030 52,817
Franking credits utilised for payment of distribution (21,429) (21,429)
Closing balance at the end of the year 56,899 33,298

As at 30 June 2018, the Trust had a current tax liability of \$5.2 million, which will be added to the franking account balance once payment is made.

Property portfolio assets

In this section

This section summarises the property portfolio assets.

Property portfolio assets are used to generate the Trust's performance and are considered to be the most relevant to the understanding of the operating performance of the Trust. The assets are detailed in the following notes:

  • Investment properties: relates to investment properties, both stabilised and under development.
  • Inventories: relates to the Trust's ownership of industrial and office assets or land held for repositioning, development and sale.
  • Non-current assets classified as held for sale: relates to investment properties which are expected to be sold within 12 months of the balance sheet date and are currently being marketed for sale.

Note 9 Investment properties

The Trust's investment properties consist of properties held for long-term rental yields and/or capital appreciation and property that is being constructed or developed for future use as investment property. Investment properties are initially recognised at cost including transaction costs. Investment properties are subsequently recognised at fair value.

The basis of valuations of investment properties is fair value, being the price that would be received to sell the asset in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

Changes in fair values are recorded in the Statement of Comprehensive Income. The gain or loss on disposal of an investment property is calculated as the difference between the carrying amount of the asset at the date of disposal and the net proceeds from disposal and is included in the Statement of Comprehensive Income in the year of disposal.

Subsequent redevelopment and refurbishment costs (other than repairs and maintenance) are capitalised to the investment property where they result in an enhancement in the future economic benefits of the property.

Leasing fees incurred and incentives provided are capitalised and amortised over the lease periods to which they relate.

a) Reconciliation

Office
\$'000
Industrial
\$'000
Development
\$'000
2018
\$'000
2017
\$'000
Opening balance at the beginning of the year 129,999 31,756 17,859 179,614 155,456
Additions 1,633 1,301 18,472 21,406 8,014
Lease incentives 2,910 521 - 3,431 4,405
Amortisation of lease incentives (1,742) (552) - (2,294) (2,241)
Rent straightlining 1,915 221 - 2,136 391
Disposals - - - - (827)
Transfer to non-current assets classified as held - (2,023) - (2,023) -
for sale
Transfer to inventories
(10,000) - - (10,000) -
Transfer from/(to) development properties - 28,484 (28,484) - -
Net fair value gain/(loss) of investment properties 19,284 6,511 3,993 29,788 14,416
Closing balance at the end of the year 143,999 66,219 11,840 222,058 179,614

Property portfolio assets (continued)

Note 9 Investment properties (continued)

b) Valuations process

Independent valuations are carried out for each individual property at least once every three years by a member of the Australian Property Institute of Valuers. Each valuation firm and its signatory valuer are appointed on the basis that they are engaged for no more than three consecutive valuations except properties under development and co-owned properties. Independent valuations may be undertaken earlier where the Responsible Entity believes there is potential for a change in the fair value of the property being the greater of 5% of the asset value, or \$5.0 million. At 30 June 2018, all investment properties were independently externally valued.

The Trust's investment properties are required to be internally valued at least every six months at each reporting period (interim and full-year) unless they have been independently externally valued. Internal valuations are compared to the carrying value of investment properties at the reporting date. Where the Directors determine that the internal valuations present a more reliable estimate of fair value the internal valuation is adopted as book value. Internal valuations are performed by the Trust's internal valuers who hold recognised relevant professional qualifications and have previous experience as property valuers from major real estate valuation firms.

An appropriate valuation methodology is utilised according to asset class. In relation to office and industrial assets this includes the capitalisation approach (market approach) and the discounted cash flow approach (income approach). The valuation is also compared to, and supported by, direct comparison to recent market transactions. The adopted capitalisation rates and discount rates are determined based on industry expertise and knowledge and, where possible, a direct comparison to third party rates for similar assets in a comparable location. Rental revenue from current leases and assumptions about future leases, as well as any expected operational cash outflows in relation to the property, are also built into each asset assessment of fair value.

In relation to development properties under construction for future use as investment property, where reliably measurable, fair value is determined based on the market value of the property on the assumption it had already been completed at the valuation date (using the methodology as outlined above) less costs still required to complete the project, including an appropriate adjustment for industry benchmarked profit and development risk.

c) Fair value measurement, valuation techniques and inputs

The following table represents the level of the fair value hierarchy and the associated unobservable inputs utilised in the fair value measurement for each class of investment property.

Fair value Range of unobservable inputs
Class of property hierarchy
Inputs used to measure fair value
2018 2017
Office1 Level 3 Adopted capitalisation rate 5.88% 6.25%
Adopted discount rate 7.25% 7.50%
Adopted terminal yield 6.25% 6.63%
Current net market rental (per sqm) \$462 \$449
Industrial Level 3 Adopted capitalisation rate 6.25% - 7.25%
Adopted discount rate 7.00% - 7.50% 7.25% - 7.50%
Adopted terminal yield 6.75% - 7.25%
Current net market rental (per sqm) \$69 - \$79 \$67 - \$77
Development Level 3 Land rate (per sqm) \$38 - \$677 \$35 - \$90
5.50% - 6.50%
6.25% - 7.00%

1 Excludes car parks, retail and other.

Property portfolio assets (continued)

Note 9 Investment properties (continued)

c) Fair value measurement, valuation techniques and inputs (continued)

Key estimates: inputs used to measure fair value of investment properties

Judgement is required in determining the following key assumptions:

  • Adopted capitalisation rate: The rate at which net market rental revenue is capitalised to determine the value of a property. The rate is determined with regard to market evidence and the prior external valuation.
  • Adopted discount rate: The rate of return used to convert cash flows, payable or receivable in the future, into present value. It reflects the opportunity cost of capital, that is, the rate of return the cash can earn if put to other uses having similar risk. The rate is determined with regard to market evidence and the prior external valuation.
  • Adopted terminal yield: The capitalisation rate used to convert the future net market rental revenue into an indication of the anticipated value of the property at the end of the holding period when carrying out a discounted cash flow calculation. The rate is determined with regard to market evidence and the prior external valuation.
  • Net market rental (per sqm): The net market rent is the estimated amount for which a property should lease between a lessor and a lessee on appropriate lease terms in an arm's length transaction.
  • Land rate (per sqm): The land rate is the market land value per sqm.

d) Sensitivity information

Significant movement in any one of the inputs listed in the table above may result in a change in the fair value of the Trust's investment properties as shown below.

Significant inputs Fair value measurement sensitivity to
significant increase in input
Fair value measurement sensitivity
to significant decrease in input
Adopted capitalisation rate
Adopted discount rate Decrease Increase
Adopted terminal yield
Net market rental (per sqm)
Land rate (per sqm) Increase Decrease

Generally, a change in the assumption made for the adopted capitalisation rate is often accompanied by a directionally similar change in the adopted terminal yield. The adopted capitalisation rate forms part of the capitalisation approach whilst the adopted terminal yield forms part of the discounted cash flow approach.

Under the capitalisation approach, the net market rental has a strong interrelationship with the adopted capitalisation rate as the fair value of the investment property is derived by capitalising, in perpetuity, the total net market rent receivable. An increase (softening) in the adopted capitalisation rate may offset the impact to fair value of an increase in the total net market rent. A decrease (tightening) in the adopted capitalisation rate may also offset the impact to fair value of a decrease in the total net market rent. A directionally opposite change in the total net market rent and the adopted capitalisation rate may increase the impact to fair value.

The discounted cash flow is primarily made up of the discounted cash flow of net income over the cash flow period and the discounted terminal value (which is largely based upon market rents grown at forecast market rental growth rates capitalised at an adopted terminal yield). An increase (softening) in the adopted discount rate may offset the impact to fair value of a decrease (tightening) in the adopted terminal yield. A decrease (tightening) in the discount rate may offset the impact to fair value of an increase (softening) in the adopted terminal yield. A directionally similar change in the adopted discount rate and the adopted terminal yield may increase the impact to fair value.

A decrease (softening) in the forecast rental growth rate may result in a negative impact on the discounted cash flow approach value whilst a strengthening may have a positive impact on the value under the same approach.

Note 10 Inventories

Development properties held for repositioning, construction and sale are recorded at the lower of cost or net realisable value. Cost is assigned by specific identification and includes the cost of acquisition, and development and holding costs such as borrowing costs, rates and taxes. Holding costs incurred after completion of development are expensed.

Development revenue includes proceeds on the sale of inventory and revenue earned through the provision of development services on assets sold as inventory. Revenue earned on the provision of development services is recognised using the percentage complete method. The stage of completion is measured by reference to costs incurred to date as a percentage of estimated total costs for each contract. Where the project result can be reliably estimated, development services revenue and associated expenses are recognised in profit or loss. Where the project result cannot be reliably estimated, profits are deferred and the difference between consideration received and expenses incurred is carried forward as either a receivable or payable. Development services revenue and expenses are recognised immediately when the project result can be reliably estimated.

Transfers from investment properties to inventories occur when there is a change in intention regarding the use of the property from an intention to hold for rental income or capital appreciation purposes to an intention to develop and sell. The transfer price is recorded as the fair value of the property as at the date of transfer. Development activities will commence immediately after they transfer.

Key estimate: net realisable value (NRV) of inventories

NRV is determined using the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs to bring inventories to their finished condition, including marketing and selling expenses. NRV is based on the most reliable evidence available at the time and the amount the inventories are expected to be realised. These key assumptions are reviewed annually or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist. Key estimates have been reviewed and no impairment provisions have been recognised.

a) Development properties held for sale

2018
\$'000
2017
\$'000
Current assets
Development properties held for resale 37,573 -
Total current assets - inventories 37,573 -
Non-current assets
Development properties held for resale 268,826 211,315
Total non-current assets - inventories 268,826 211,315
Total assets - inventories 306,399 211,315

b) Reconciliation

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Opening balance at the beginning of the year 211,315 276,084
Transfer from investment properties 10,000 -
Disposals (10,046) (148,321)
Impairment (599) -
Acquisitions and additions 95,729 83,552
Closing balance at the end of the year 306,399 211,315

Disposals

On the 22 June 2018, 140 George Street, Parramatta was sold to DOTA.

Note 11 Non-current assets classified as held for sale

Non-current assets are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use, and a sale is considered highly probable.

Non-current assets classified as held for sale are presented separately from the other assets in the balance sheet. Noncurrent assets classified as held for sale relate to investment properties and are measured at fair value.

As at 30 June 2018, the held for sale balance relates to Truganina land lots to be disposed of in the next 12 months.

Capital and financial risk management and working capital

In this section

The Trust's overall risk management program focuses on reducing volatility from impacts of movements in financial markets and seeks to minimise potential adverse effects on the financial performance of the Trust.

Note 12 Capital and financial risk management outlines how the Group manages its exposure to a variety of financial risks (interest rate risk, foreign currency risk, liquidity risk and credit risk).

The Board determines the appropriate capital structure of the Trust, how much is borrowed from financial institutions and capital markets (debt), and how much is raised from security holders (equity) in order to finance the Trust's activities both now and in the future. This capital structure is detailed in the following notes:

  • Debt: Interest bearing liabilities in note 12,
  • Equity: Contributed equity in note 14 and Reserves and retained profits in note 15
  • Note 16 provides a breakdown of the working capital balances held in the Statement of Financial Position.

Note 12 Capital and financial risk management

Capital and financial risk management is carried out through a centralised treasury function which is governed by a Board approved Treasury Policy. The Trust (as part of DXS) has an established governance structure which consists of the Group Management Committee and Capital Markets Committee.

The Board has appointed a Group Management Committee responsible for achieving Dexus's goals and objectives, including the prudent financial and risk management of the Group. A Capital Markets Committee has been established to advise the Group Management Committee.

The Capital Markets Committee is a management committee that is accountable to the Board. It convenes at least quarterly and conducts a review of financial risk management exposures including liquidity, funding strategies and hedging. It is also responsible for the development of financial risk management policies and funding strategies for recommendation to the Board, and the approval of treasury transactions within delegated limits and powers.

a) Capital risk management

The Group manages its capital to ensure that entities within the Trust will be able to continue as a going concern while maximising the return to owners through the optimisation of the debt and equity balance.

The capital structure of the Trust consists of debt, cash and cash equivalents and equity attributable to security holders. The Trust continuously monitors its capital structure and it is managed in consideration of the following factors:

  • the cost of capital and the financial risks associated with each class of capital;
  • gearing levels and other debt covenants;
  • potential impacts on net tangible assets and security holders' equity;
  • potential impacts on the Group's credit rating; and
  • other market factors.

The Trust is not rated by ratings agencies, however, DXS is rated A- by Standard and Poor's (S&P) and A3 by Moody's. Gearing levels and bank debt covenants are managed holistically as part of the DXS Group.

DXFM is the Responsible Entity for the Trust. DXFM has been issued with an Australian Financial Services Licence (AFSL). The licence is subject to certain capital requirements including the requirement to maintain liquidity above specified limits. DXFM must also prepare rolling cash projections over at least the next 12 months and demonstrate it will have access to sufficient financial resources to meet its liabilities that are expected to be payable over that period. Cash projections and assumptions are approved, at least quarterly, by the Board of the Responsible Entity.

DWPL, a wholly owned entity, has been issued with an AFSL as it is the Responsible Entity for Dexus Wholesale Property Fund (DWPF). Dexus Wholesale Management Limited (DWML), a wholly owned entity, has been issued with an AFSL as it is the trustee of third party managed funds. Dexus Wholesale Funds Limited (DWFL), a wholly owned entity, has been issued with an AFSL as it is the Responsible Entity for Dexus Wholesale Industrial Fund (DWIF). These entities are subject to the capital requirements described above.

b) Financial risk management

The Trust's overall risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimise potential adverse effects on the financial performance of the Trust. The Trust's principal financial instruments, other than derivatives, comprise cash, bank loans and capital markets issuance. The main purpose of financial instruments is to manage liquidity and hedge the Trust's exposure to financial risks namely:

  • interest rate risk;
  • liquidity risk; and
  • credit risk.

i) Market risk

Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk arises from interest bearing financial assets and liabilities that the Trust utilises. Non-derivative interest bearing financial instruments are predominantly short term liquid assets and long term debt issued at fixed rates which expose the Trust to fair value interest rate risk as the Trust may pay higher interest costs than if it were at variable rates. The Trust's borrowings which have a variable interest rate give rise to cash flow interest rate risk due to movements in variable interest rates.

The Trust's risk management policy for interest rate risk seeks to minimise the effects of interest rate movements on its asset and liability portfolio through active management of the exposures. The policy prescribes minimum and maximum hedging amounts for the Trust, which is managed on a portfolio basis.

Sensitivity analysis on interest expense

The table below shows the impact on the Trust's net interest expense of a 50 basis point movement in market interest rates. The sensitivity on cash flow arises due to the impact that a change in interest rates will have on the Trust's floating rate debt on average during the financial year.

2018 2017
(+/-) \$'000 (+/-) \$'000
+/- 0.50% (50 basis points) A\$ 2,399 861

The movement in interest expense is proportional to the movement in interest rates.

ii) Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is associated with ensuring that there are sufficient funds available to meet the Trust's financial commitments as and when they fall due and planning for any unforeseen events which may curtail cash flows. The Trust identifies and manages liquidity risk across the following categories:

  • short-term liquidity management covering the month ahead on a rolling basis with continuous monitoring of forecast and actual cash flows;
  • medium-term liquidity management of liquid assets, working capital and standby facilities to cover Trust cash requirements over the next 1-24 month period. The Trust maintains a level of committed borrowing facilities above the forecast committed debt requirements (liquidity headroom buffer). Committed debt includes future expenditure that has been approved by the Board or Investment Committee (as required within delegated limits); and
  • long-term liquidity management through ensuring an adequate spread of maturities of borrowing facilities so that refinancing risk is not concentrated in certain time periods, and ensuring an adequate diversification of funding sources where possible, subject to market conditions.

Refinancing risk

Refinancing risk is the risk that the Trust:

  • will be unable to refinance its debt facilities as they mature; and/or
  • will only be able to refinance its debt facilities at unfavourable interest rates and credit market conditions (margin price risk).

b) Financial risk management (continued)

ii) Liquidity risk (continued)

Refinancing risk (continued)

A minimum S&P rating of A– (or Moody's or Fitch equivalent) is required to become or remain an approved counterparty unless otherwise approved by the Dexus Board.

The Trust is exposed to credit risk on cash balances and on derivative financial instruments with financial institutions. The Trust has a policy that sets limits as to the amount of credit exposure to each financial institution. New derivatives and cash transactions are limited to financial institutions that meet minimum credit rating criteria in accordance with the Trust's policy requirements.

Financial instrument transactions are spread among a number of approved financial institutions within specified credit limits to minimise the Trust's exposure to any one counterparty. As a result, there is no significant concentration of credit risk for financial instruments. The maximum exposure to credit risk at 30 June 2018 is the carrying amounts of financial assets recognised on the Statement of Financial Position.

The Trust is exposed to credit risk on trade receivable balances. The Trust has a policy to continuously assess and monitor the credit quality of trade debtors on an ongoing basis. Given the historical profile and exposure of the trade receivables, it has been is determined that no significant concentrations of credit risk exists for trade receivables balances. The maximum exposure to credit risk at 30 June 2018 is the carrying amounts of the trade receivables recognised on the Statement of Financial Position.

The Group's key risk management strategy for margin price risk on refinancing is to spread the maturities of debt facilities over different time periods to reduce the volume of facilities to be refinanced and the exposure to market conditions in any one period. An analysis of the contractual maturities of the Trust's interest bearing liabilities and derivative financial instruments is shown in the table below. The amounts in the table represent undiscounted cash flows.

2018 2017
Between
Between
After
Between Between two
Within one one and two and five Within one one and two and five After five
year two years five years years year years years years
\$'000 \$'000 \$'000 \$'000 \$'000 \$'000 \$'000 \$'000
Payables (21,715) - - - (38,435) - - -
Interest bearing loans with related
parties and interest1
(20,500) (500,468) - - (7,246) (7,600) (179,874) -

1 Includes estimated interest.

iii) Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk that the counterparty will not fulfil its obligations under the terms of a financial instrument and will cause financial loss to the Trust. The Trust has exposure to credit risk on all financial assets included in the Trust's Statement of Financial Position.

The Trust manages this risk by:

  • adopting a process for determining an approved counterparty, with consideration of qualitative factors as well as the counterparty's credit rating;
  • regularly monitoring counterparty exposure within approved credit limits that are based on the lower of an S&P, Moody's and Fitch credit rating. The exposure includes the current market value of in-the-money contracts and the potential exposure, which is measured with reference to credit conversion factors as per APRA guidelines;
  • entering into International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) Master Agreements once a financial institution counterparty is approved;
  • monitoring tenants exposure within approved credit limits;
  • for some trade receivables, obtaining collateral where necessary in the form of bank guarantees and tenant bonds; and
  • regularly monitoring loans and receivables on an ongoing basis.

b) Financial risk management (continued)

iv) Fair value

As at 30 June 2018 and 30 June 2017, the carrying amounts of financial assets and liabilities are held at fair value. The Trust uses the following methods in the determination and disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments:

Level 1: The fair value is calculated using quoted prices in active markets.

Level 2: The fair value is determined using inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

Level 3: The fair value is estimated using inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable data.

All financial instruments, excluding cash, were measured at Level 2 for the periods presented in this report. During the year, there were no transfers between Level 1, 2 and 3 fair value measurements.

v) Offsetting financial assets and financial liabilities

Financial assets and liabilities are offset, and the net amount reported in the Statement of Financial Position where there is a legally enforceable right to set-off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. No financial assets and liabilities are currently held under netting arrangements.

Note 13 Commitments and contingencies

a) Commitments

Capital commitments

The following amounts represent remaining capital expenditure on investment properties and inventories contracted at the end of each reporting period but not recognised as liabilities payable:

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Investment properties 1,029 12,696
Inventories 1,998 24,646
Total capital commitments 3,027 37,342

Lease payable commitments

The future minimum lease payments payable by the Trust are:

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Within one year 7,402 5,827
Later than one year but not later than five years 19,871 20,008
Later than five years - 1,608
Total lease payable commitments 27,273 27,443

Payments made under operating leases are expensed on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, except where an alternative basis is more representative of the pattern of benefits to be derived from the leased property.

Note 13 Commitments and contingencies (continued)

a) Commitments (continued)

Lease receivable commitments

The future minimum lease payments receivable by the Trust are:

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Within one year 33,988 25,840
Later than one year but not later than five years 147,693 94,590
Later than five years 67,542 96,009
Total lease receivable commitments 249,223 216,439

b) Contingencies

DDF, together with DIT, DOT and DXO, is a guarantor of A\$4,358.9 million of interest bearing liabilities. The guarantees have been given in support of debt outstanding and drawn against these facilities and may be called upon in the event that a borrowing entity has not complied with certain requirements such as failure to pay interest or repay a borrowing, whichever is earlier. During the period no guarantees were called.

The Trust has bank guarantees of \$43.4 million, comprising \$42.2 million held to comply with the terms of the Australian Financial Services Licences (AFSL) and \$1.2 million largely in respect of developments.

The above guarantees are issued in respect of the Trust and represent an additional liability to those already existing in interest bearing liabilities on the Statement of Financial Position.

The Directors of the Responsible Entity are not aware of any other contingent liabilities in relation to the Trust, other than those disclosed in the Financial Statements, which should be brought to the attention of security holders as at the date of completion of this report.

Note 14 Contributed equity

Number of units on issue

2017
No. of units
967,947,692
49,019,608
-
1,016,967,300

Each stapled security ranks equally with all other stapled securities for the purposes of distributions and on termination of the Trust.

Each stapled security entitles the holder to vote in accordance with the provisions of the Constitutions and the Corporations Act 2001.

Transaction costs arising on the issue of equity instruments are recognised directly in equity (net of tax) as a reduction of the proceeds of the equity instruments to which the costs relate. Transaction costs are the costs that are incurred directly in connection with the issue of those equity instruments and which would not have been incurred had those instruments not been issued.

Capital and financial risk management and working capital (continued)

Note 15 Reserves

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Asset revaluation reserve 42,738 42,738
Security-based payment reserve 311 445
Available for sale financial assets 1,130 1,586
Treasury securities reserve (542) (579)
Total reserves 43,637 44,190
Movements:
Asset revaluation reserve
Opening balance at the beginning of the year 42,738 42,738
Closing balance at the end of the year 42,738 42,738
Security-based payments reserve
Opening balance at the beginning of the year 445 305
Issue of securities to employees (221) (185)
Security-based payment expense 87 325
Closing balance at the end of the year 311 445
Available for sale financial assets
Opening balance at the beginning of the year 1,586 1,761
Fair value (loss)/gain on securities (456) (175)
Closing balance at the end of the year 1,130 1,586
Treasury securities reserve
Opening balance at the beginning of the year (579) (379)
Issue of securities to employees 316 154
Purchase of securities (279) (354)
Closing balance at the end of the year (542) (579)

Nature and purpose of reserves

Asset revaluation reserve

The asset revaluation reserve is used to record the fair value adjustment arising on a business combination.

Security-based payment reserve

The security-based payment reserve is used to recognise the fair value of performance rights to be issued under the Deferred Short Term Incentive Plans (DSTI) and the Long Term Incentive Plans (LTI). Refer to note 22 for further details.

Available for sale financial assets

Changes in the fair value arising on valuation of investments, classified as available for sale financial assets, are recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in a separate reserve within equity. Amounts are reclassified to profit or loss when the associated assets are sold, transferred or impaired.

Treasury securities reserve

The treasury securities reserve is used to record the acquisition of securities purchased to fulfil the obligations of the Deferred Short Term Incentive Plans (DSTI) and the Long Term Incentive Plans (LTI). As at 30 June 2018, DXS held 1,645,469 stapled securities which includes acquisitions of 726,280 and unit vesting of 589,953 (2017: 1,509,142).

Note 16 Working capital

a) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions and other short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

b) Receivables

Rental, management fees and interest revenue are brought to account on an accruals basis. Dividends and distributions are recognised when declared and, if not received at the end of the reporting period, reflected in the Statement of Financial Position as a receivable.

Trade and other receivables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method, less provision for doubtful debts. Trade receivables are required to be settled within 30 days and are assessed on an ongoing basis for impairment. Receivables which are known to be uncollectable are written off by reducing the carrying amount directly. A provision for doubtful debts is established when there is objective evidence that the Trust will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the original terms of the receivables.

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Rent receivable 2,437 4,622
Total rental receivables 2,437 4,622
Fee Receivable 25,643 26,277
Receivables from related entities 4,115 2,386
Other receivables 318 654
Total other receivables 30,076 29,317
Total receivables 32,513 33,939

c) Payables

\$'000
\$'000
Trade creditors
17,220
4,862
Accruals
3,809
3,555
Accrued capital expenditure
12,545
8,040
GST payable
324
116
Other payables
4,537
5,142
Total payables
38,435
21,715
2018 2017

d) Provisions

A provision is recognised when an obligation exists as a result of a past event and it is probable that a future outflow of cash or other benefit will be required to settle the obligation.

In accordance with the Trust's Constitution, the Trust distributes its distributable income to unitholders by cash or reinvestment. Distributions are provided for when they are approved by the Board of Directors and declared.

Provision for employee benefits relates to the liabilities for wages, salaries, annual leave and long service leave.

Liabilities for employee benefits for wages, salaries and annual leave expected to be settled within 12 months represent present obligations resulting from employees' services provided to the end of the reporting period. They are measured based on remuneration wage and salary rates that the Trust expects to pay at the end of the reporting period including related on-costs, such as workers compensation, insurance and payroll tax.

The provision for employee benefits for long service leave represents the present value of the estimated future cash outflows, to be made resulting from employees' services provided to the end of the reporting period.

The provision is calculated using expected future increases in wage and salary rates including related on-costs and expected settlement dates based on turnover history and is discounted using the Australian Corporate Bond Index rates at the end of the reporting period that most closely matches the term of the maturity of the related liabilities. The provision for employee benefits also includes the employee incentives schemes which are shown separately in note 22.

Note 16 Working capital (continued)

d) Provisions (continued)

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Provision for distribution 50,000 50,000
Provision for employee benefits 32,123 29,885
Total current provisions 82,123 79,885

Non-current provisions relate to employee benefits.

Movements in each class of provision during the financial year, other than employee benefits, are set out below:

2018
\$'000
2017
\$'000
Provision for distribution
Opening balance at the beginning of the year 50,000 25,000
Additional provisions 50,000 50,000
Payment of distributions (50,000) (25,000)
Closing balance at the end of the year 50,000 50,000

A provision for distribution has been raised for the period ended 30 June 2018. This distribution is to be paid on 30 August 2018.

Other disclosures

In this section

This section includes other information that must be disclosed to comply with the Accounting Standards, the Corporations Act 2001 or the Corporations Regulations, but which are not considered critical in understanding the financial performance or position of the Trust.

Note 17 Plant and Equipment

Plant and equipment is stated at historical cost less depreciation and accumulated impairment. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to its acquisition. Subsequent costs are included in the asset's carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Trust and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the Statement of Comprehensive Income during the reporting period in which they are incurred.

Plant and equipment is tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts exceed their recoverable amounts.

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method so as to allocate their cost, net of their residual values, over their expected useful lives as follows:

  • Furniture and fittings 10-20 years
  • IT and office equipment 3-5 years
2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Opening balance at the beginning of the year 16,441 16,481
Additions 3,075 3,048
Depreciation charge (3,481) (3,088)
Closing balance at the end of the year 16,035 16,441
2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Cost 27,846 25,500
Accumulated depreciation (11,811) (9,059)
Cost - Fully depreciated assets written off (729) (3,599)
Accumulated depreciation - Fully depreciated assets written off 729 3,599
Net book value as at the end of the year 16,035 16,441

Note 18 Intangible assets

Management rights represent the asset management rights owned by Dexus Holdings Pty Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of DXO, which entitles it to management fee revenue from both finite life trusts and indefinite life trusts. Those rights that are deemed to have a finite useful life (held at a value of \$3.7 million (2017: \$4.1 million) are measured at cost and amortised using the straight-line method over their estimated remaining useful lives of 15 years. Management rights that are deemed to have an indefinite life are held at a value of \$286.0 million (2017: \$286.0 million).

Software is measured at cost and amortised using the straight-line method over its estimated useful life, expected to be three to five years.

Note 18 Intangible assets (continued)

2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Management rights
Opening balance at the beginning of the year 290,088 290,418
Amortisation charge (330) (330)
Closing balance at the end of the year 289,758 290,088
Cost 294,382 294,382
Accumulated amortisation (4,624) (4,294)
Total management rights 289,758 290,088
Goodwill
Opening balance at the beginning of the year 1,211 1,310
Impairment (99) (99)
Closing balance at the end of the year 1,112 1,211
Cost 2,998 2,998
Accumulated impairment (1,886) (1,787)
Total goodwill 1,112 1,211
Software
Opening balance at the beginning of the year 18,151 15,348
Additions 10,983 7,140
Amortisation charge (5,365) (4,337)
Closing balance at the end of the year 23,769 18,151
Cost 37,488 36,738
Accumulated amortisation (13,719) (18,587)
Cost - Fully amortised assets written off (2,790) (10,233)
Accumulated amortisation - Fully amortised assets written off 2,790 10,233
Total software 23,769 18,151
Total non-current intangible assets 314,639 309,450

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the Trust's share of the net identifiable assets of the acquired subsidiary at the date of acquisition.

Goodwill and management rights with an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortisation and are tested annually for impairment, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they might be impaired. An impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income for the amount by which the asset's carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's fair value less costs to sell and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash inflows, which are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets (cash-generating units).

During the year, management carried out a review of the recoverable amount of its management rights. There was no change in the carrying value of the management rights in the current year.

The value in use has been determined using Board approved long-term forecasts in a five year discounted cash flow model. Forecasts were based on projected returns of the business in light of current market conditions. The performance in year five has been used as a terminal value.

Note 18 Intangible assets (continued)

Key assumptions: value in use of management rights

Judgement is required in determining the following key assumptions used to calculate the value in use:

  • Terminal capitalisation rate range between 10.0%-20.0% (2017: 10.0%–20.0%) was used incorporating an appropriate risk premium for a management business.
  • Cash flows have been discounted at 9.0% (2017: 9.0%) based on externally published weighted average cost of capital for an appropriate peer group plus an appropriate premium for risk. A 1.0% (2017: 1.0%) decrease in the discount rate would increase the valuation by \$20.0 million (2017: \$18.6 million).

Note 19 Available for sale financial assets

Available for sale financial assets comprise DXS securities acquired on-market in order to fulfil the future requirements of the security-based payment plans.

They are included in non-current assets except for those securities that will be used to fulfil security based payment plans that vest within 12 months, which are classified as current assets. Changes in fair value arising on valuation of investments are recognised in other comprehensive income net of tax, in a separate reserve in equity. Amounts are reclassified to profit or loss when the associated assets are sold, transferred or impaired.

Note 20 Audit, taxation and transaction service fees

During the year, the Auditor and its related practices earned the following remuneration:

2018 2017
\$
\$
Audit fees
PwC Australia - audit and review of Financial Statements
263,360
262,803
PwC fees paid in relation to outgoings audits
5,000
3,856
PwC Australia - regulatory audit and compliance services
247,187
176,868
Audit fees paid to PwC
515,547
443,527

Transaction services fees

Fees paid to PwC Australia - other 30,000 25,000
Total transaction services fees paid to PwC 30,000 25,000
Total audit, taxation and transaction services fees paid to PwC 545,547 468,527

Note 21 Cash flow information

a) Reconciliation of cash flows from operating activities

Reconciliation of net profit after income tax to net cash inflows from operating activities:

\$'000
\$'000
Net profit/(loss) for the year
93,009
90,601
Capitalised interest
11,712
19,306
Depreciation and amortisation
9,178
7,761
Impairment of inventories
-
599
Impairment of goodwill
99
99
Net fair value (gain)/loss of investment properties
(29,788)
(14,416)
Share of net (profit)/loss of investments accounted for using the equity method
-
819
Lease incentives
(1,301)
(3,724)
Distribution revenue
(321)
(357)
Change in operating assets and liabilities
(Increase)/decrease in receivables
5,953
1,426
(Increase)/decrease in inventories
74,296
(37,573)
(Increase)/decrease in other current assets
20
(2,074)
(Increase)/decrease in other non-current assets
(6,306)
(44,389)
Increase/(decrease) in payables
18,097
(16,839)
Increase/(decrease) in current liabilities
(17,354)
(11,296)
Increase/(decrease) in other non-current liabilities
4,356
488
(Increase)/decrease in deferred tax liabilities
3,635
10,828
183,204
Net cash inflow/(outflow) from operating activities
(16,660)

b) Net debt reconciliation

Reconciliation of net debt movements:

Loans with
related
parties
\$'000
Balance as at 1 July 2017 172,105
Changes from financing cash flows
Proceeds from loan with related party 572,384
Repayment of loan with related party (458,180)
Non cash changes
Capital reallocation 175,095
Intercompany interest capitalised to loan 18,397
Balance as at 30 June 2018 479,801

Note 22 Security-based payment

The DXFM Board has approved a grant of performance rights to DXS stapled securities to eligible participants. Awards, via the Deferred Short Term Incentive Plans (DSTI) and Long Term Incentive Plans (LTI), will be in the form of performance rights awarded to eligible participants which convert to DXS stapled securities for nil consideration subject to satisfying specific service and performance conditions.

For each Plan, the eligible participants will be granted performance rights, based on performance against agreed key performance indicators, as a percentage of their remuneration mix. Participants must remain in employment for the vesting period in order for the performance rights to vest. The fair value of the performance rights is adjusted to reflect market vesting conditions. Non-market vesting conditions, including Funds from Operations (FFO), Return on Equity (ROE) and employment status at vesting, are included in assumptions about the number of performance rights that are expected to vest. When performance rights vest, the Trust will arrange for the allocation and delivery of the appropriate number of securities to the participant.

The fair value of performance rights granted is recognised as an employee benefit expense with a corresponding increase in the security-based payment reserve in equity. The total amount to be expensed is determined by reference to the fair value of the performance rights granted.

Key assumptions: fair value of performance rights granted

Judgement is required in determining the fair value of performance rights granted. In accordance with AASB 2 Sharebased Payment, fair value is determined independently using Binomial and Monte Carlo pricing models with reference to:

  • the expected life of the rights;
  • the security price at grant date;
  • the expected price volatility of the underlying security;
  • the expected distribution yield; and
  • the risk free interest rate for the term of the rights and expected total security-holder returns (where applicable).

The total expense is recognised over the vesting period, which is the period over which all of the specified vesting conditions are to be satisfied. At the end of each period, the Trust revises its estimates of the number of performance rights that are expected to vest based on the non-market vesting conditions. The impact of the revised estimates, if any, is recognised in profit or loss with a corresponding adjustment to equity.

a) Deferred Short Term Incentive Plan

25% of any award under the Short Term Incentive Plan (STI) for certain participants will be deferred and awarded in the form of performance rights to DXS securities.

50% of the performance rights awards will vest one year after grant and 50% of the awards will vest two years after grant, subject to participants satisfying employment service conditions. In accordance with AASB 2 Share-based Payment, the year of employment in which participants become eligible for the DSTI, the year preceding the grant, is included in the vesting period over which the fair value of the performance rights is amortised. Consequently, 50% of the fair value of the performance rights is amortised over two years and 50% of the award is amortised over three years.

The number of performance rights granted in respect of the year ended 30 June 2018 was 263,222 (2017: 274,801) and the fair value of these performance rights is \$9.88 (2017: \$10.00) per performance right. The total security-based payment expense recognised during the year ended 30 June 2018 was \$2,665,556 (2017: \$2,858,356).

b) Long Term Incentive Plan

50% of the awards will vest three years after grant and 50% of the awards will vest four years after grant, subject to participants satisfying employment service conditions and performance hurdles. In accordance with AASB 2 Sharebased Payment, the year of employment in which participants become eligible for the LTI, the year preceding the grant, is included in the vesting period over which the fair value of the performance rights is amortised. Consequently, 50% of the fair value of the performance rights is amortised over four years and 50% of the award is amortised over five years.

The number of performance rights granted in respect of the year ended 30 June 2018 was 465,701 (2017: 480,660). The weighted average fair value of these performance rights is \$9.02 (2017: \$8.04) per performance right. The total securitybased payment expense recognised during the year ended 30 June 2018 was \$3,805,708 (2017: \$5,123,989).

Note 23 Related parties

Responsible Entity and Investment Manager

DXH is the parent entity of DXFM, the Responsible Entity of DDF, DIT, DOT and DXO and the Trustee of DOTA and the investment manager for DITA.

DXH is also the parent entity of DWPL and DWFL, the Responsible Entities of DWPF and HWPF respectively.

DXH is the Investment Manager of DOTA.

Management Fees

Under the terms of the Constitutions of the entities within the Trust, the Responsible Entity and Investment Manager are entitled to receive fees in relation to the management of the Trust. DXFM's parent entity, DXH, is entitled to be reimbursed for administration expenses incurred on behalf of the Trust. Dexus Property Services Pty Limited (DXPS), a wholly owned subsidiary of DXH, is entitled to property management fees from the Trust.

Related party transactions

Transactions between the consolidated entity and related parties were made on commercial terms and conditions. All agreements with third party funds and joint ventures are conducted on normal commercial terms and conditions.

Transactions with related parties

2018 2017
\$ \$
Responsible Entity fee income 96,630,688 85,618,268
Property management fee income 37,938,614 35,411,201
Responsible Entity fees receivable at the end of each reporting year (included above) 8,181,859 7,491,622
Property management fees receivable at the end of each reporting year (included above) 3,801,771 3,288,957
Key management personnel compensation 2018 2017
\$
Compensation \$
Short-term employee benefits 9,275,046 8,967,303
Post employment benefits 349,530 717,454
Security-based payments 3,725,389 3,010,935
Total key management personnel compensation 13,349,965 12,695,692

Note 24 Parent entity disclosures

The financial information for the parent entity of Dexus Operations Trust has been prepared on the same basis as the Consolidated Financial Statements except as set out below.

Distributions received from associates are recognised in the parent entity's Statement of Comprehensive Income, rather than being deducted from the carrying amount of these investments.

Interests held by the parent entity in controlled entities are measured at fair value through profit and loss to reduce a measurement or recognition inconsistency.

a) Summary financial information

a)
Summary financial information
The individual Financial Statements for the parent entity show the following aggregate amounts:
2018 2017
\$'000 \$'000
Total current assets 442,413 258,118
Total assets 709,286 558,608
Total current liabilities 77,791 94,732
Total liabilities 557,591 267,184
Equity
Contributed equity 86,700 261,664
Retained profits 64,995 29,759
Total equity 151,695 291,423
Net profit/(loss) for the year 85,236 94,309
Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year 85,236 94,309

b) Guarantees entered into by the parent entity

Refer to note 13(b) for details of guarantees entered into by the parent entity.

c) Contingent liabilities

Refer to note 13(b) for details of the parent entity's contingent liabilities.

d) Capital commitments

The parent entity had no capital commitments as at 30 June 2018 (2017: nil)

Note 25 Subsequent events

Since the end of the year, other than the matters disclosed above, the Directors are not aware of any matter or circumstance not otherwise dealt with in their Directors' Report or the Financial Statements that has significantly or may significantly affect the operations of the Trust, the results of those operations, or state of the Trust's affairs in future financial periods.

Independent quditor's rep ort

To the stapled security holders of Dexus Operations Trust

Report on the audit of the financial report

Our opinion

In our opinion:

The accompanyrng financial report of Dexus Operations Trust (the Registered Scheme) and its controlled entities (together the Group) is in accordance with the Corporations Act 2oor, including:

  • (a) giving a true and fair view of the Group's financial position as at 30 June zor8 and of its financial performance for the year then ended
  • (b) complying with Australian Accounting Standards and the Corporations Regulations zoot.

Whstue hsue o:udited

The Group financial report comprises:

  • . the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as at 30 June zor8
  • o the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the year then ended
  • o the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity for the year then ended
  • . the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year then ended
  • o the Notes to the Financial Statements, which include significant accounting policies
  • . the Directors' Declaration.

Basisfor opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with Australian Auditing Standards. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in theAuditor's responsibilitiesfor the audit of thefinancial report section ofour report.

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Independ.ence

We are independent of the Group in accordance with the auditor independence requirements of the Corporations Act zoot and the ethical requirements of the Accounting Professional and Ethical Standards Board's APES rro Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (the Code) that are relevant to our audit of the financial report in Australia. We have also fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with the Code.

PricewqterhouseCoopers, ABN gz 78o 4gS 757

One InternqtionqlTowers Sydney,Watermans Quay, Barangaroo, GPO BOX z6go, SYDNEY NSW zoot T: +6t z 8266 oooo, F: +6t z 8266 9999,w1D1u.pwc.com.au

Leuel tt, IPSQ, t6g Macquarie Street, Parrqmqtta NSW ztgo, PO Box ttgg Parramatta NSW ztz4 T: +6t z 9659 2476, F: +6t z 8266 9999,uruw.p1Dc.com.au

Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation.

Our audit approach

An audit is designed to provide reasonable assurance about whether the financial report is free from material misstatement. Misstatements may arise due to fraud or error. They are considered material if individually or in aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis ofthe financial report.

We tailored the scope of our audit to ensure that we performed enough work to be able to give an opinion on the financial report as a whole, taking into account the geographic and management structure of the Group, its accounting processes and controls and the industry in which it operates.

Ml/Flr-ftrm EtftfiIlt tm W@

For the purpose ofour audit we used overall materiality of \$3.6 million, which represents approximately S% of the Group's adjusted profit before tax (Funds a

  • From Operations or FFO). We applied this threshold, together with qualitative considerations, to determine the scope ofour audit and the nature, timing and extent of our audit procedures and to evaluate the effect of misstatements on the financial report as a whole.
  • We chose FFO because, in our view, it is the key performance measure of the Group. An explanation of what is included in FFO is outlined in Note r, Operating segments of the Dexus Annual Report. a
  • We utlised a 5% threshold based on our professional judgement, noting it is within the range of commonly acceptable profi t related thresholds. a

The Group is a consolidated entity with operations in Australia. The scope ofour audit included the parent entity Dexus Operations Trust and its controlled entities.

Our audit focused on where the Group made subjective judgements; for example, significant accounting estimates involving assumptions and inherently uncertain future events.

a

  • o Amongst other relevant topics, we communicated the following key audit matters to the Board Audit Committee:
  • Valuation of investment properties
  • Carrying amount of inventory
  • Carrying amount of indefi nite life intangible assets
  • Development revenue
  • o These are further described in the Key audit matters section of our report.

Key audtt matters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the financial report for the current period. The key audit matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial report as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. Further, any commentary on the outcomes of a particular audit procedure is made in that context.

B@EME@TA
Va,lua.tion of inuesttnent properties
(Refer to Note 9)
To assess
we
performed the following procedures amongst others:
The Group's investment property portfolio comprises
\$zzz.o million (zot7: g:i79.6 million) of office and
industrial properties directly held in Australia.
We considered the valuation methodology
a
adopted bythe Group and found it to be
consistent with commonly accepted valuation
approaches used for investment properties in the
industry and the Group's valuation policy.
Investment properties are carried at fair value at
reporting date using the Group's policy as described in
Note 9. The valuation of investment properties is
dependent on a number of assumptions and inputs
including, tenant information, property age and
location, expected future rental profiles, and
prevailing market conditions. Amongst others, the
following assumptions are key in establishing fair
value:
We obtained recent independent property market
a
reports to develop an understanding ofthe
prevailing market conditions in which the Group
invests. We leveraged this knowledge to form
independent expectations for movements in
investment property values and underlying key
assumptions such as capitalisation rates and
discount rates.
The capitalisation rate
The adopted discount rate.
We considered the valuation of investment properties
We compared the capitalisation rates and
a
discount rates used by the Group to ranges we
determined were reasonable based on benchmark
market data. Where capitalisation rates, discount
to be a key audit matter due to the:
Financial significance of investment properties in
the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
rates and/or movements in individual property
valuations fell outside of our anticipated ranges,
we performed the following procedures, amongst
o
Potential for changes in the fair value of
investment properties to have a significant effect
on the Group's comprehensive income.
others:
- Met with the Group's Senior Valuation
Manager and discussed the specifics of the
o
Inherently subjective nature of investment
property valuations arising from the use of
assumptions in the valuation methodology.
selected individual properties including,
amongst other things, any new leases
entered into during the year, lease expiries,
capital expenditure and vacancy rates.
  • o Sensitivity ofvaluations to key input assumptions, including capitalisation rates, and discount rates.
  • Agreed significant changes in inputs to supporting documentation such as new lease agreements.

We found that
the vanances
to
the relative age, or size/location ofthe individual
property in comparison to the market. In the
context ofthe specific properties identified, we
found the reasons for variances appropriate.
As the Group engaged external experts to
a
determine the fair value of investment properties,
we considered the independence, experience and
competency of the Group's independent experts
as well as the results oftheir procedures.
To assess
carryrng amount
we
performed the following procedures amongst others
We used a risk based approach to select a sample
a
ofinventory assets on which to perform net
realisable value testing. For the selected assets we:
- Discussed with management the life cycle of
the project, key project risks, changes to
project strategy, current and future
estimated sales prices, construction progress
and costs and any new and previous
impairments.
- Tested a sample of costs capitalised to
inventory to ensure that the cost had been
capitalised in accordance with the Group's
policy/methodology and the requirements of
Australian Accounting Standards.
- Compared the market capitalisation rates
and net market income used by the Group to
calculate net realisable value to market
capitalisation rates and rental rates
published by external independent valuation
experts.
- Compared the carrying amount of inventory
against the Group's estimate of net realisable
value as at 30 June 2018.

WI@E@T@
Financial significance ofthe inventory balance in
a
the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
The subsequent impact to FFO from the disposal
a
of inventory where cost is determined by the fair
value at the date oftransfer.
For properties transferred from investment
a
properfy to inventory, we:
- Performed the procedures outlined in the
key audit matter: Valuation of inuestment
properties in assessing the appropriateness
ofthe fair value at the date oftransfer.
- Inspected the investment committee paper
and board approval to ensure that the
transfer was executed in accordance with the
approved terms.
Carrying rrlmount ofind.efinite life
tnantagetnent rights
(Refer to Note t8)
To assess the impairment model used to determine
the recoverable amount, we performed the following
audit procedures, amongst others:
At 3o June zor8 indefinite life management rights
(management rights) amounting to \$286 million
(zot7: \$286 million) were recognised by the Group
(included in the intangible assets balance). In
accordance with the requirements of Australian
Accounting Standards, indefi nite life management
rights are not amortised and are tested at least
Assessed whether the division of the Group's
management rights into cash generating units
(CGU), was in line with the Australian
Accounting Standards and consistent with our
knowledge of the Group's operations and
internal Group reporting.
o
Tested the mathematical accuracy of each
impairment model's calculations.
annually for impairment.
The Group performed impairment testing of the
management rights by comparing the recoverable
amount of the management rights to their carrying
e
Evaluated the Group's methodology and
selected inputs and assumptions in the
impairment model, such as discount rate,
revenue and expense growth rates by comparing
to observable market expectations.
amount. The Group concluded that management
rights were not impaired.
We considered the carrying amount of management
rights a key audit matter given the:
r
Financial significance of the balance in the
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
o
Tested that forecast cash flows used in the
impairment model were consistent with the
most up-to-date budgets approved by the Board.
For cash flows beyond year three not covered by
formal budgets, we assessed the growth rates
applied by comparing to observable market
expectations.
r
Significant judgement required by the Group in
estimating the recoverable amount of
management rights
r
Evaluated the Group's historical ability to
forecast future cash flows by comparing budgets
to reported actual results.
r
Sensitivity of the Group's assessment to changes
in key assumptions such as growth rates,
discount rates, and future cash flows.
Considered the Group's sensitivity analysis on
key assumptions used in the impairment model
to assess under which assumptions an
impairment would occur and whether this was
reasonably possible.
e
Together with PwC valuation experts we
considered whether the discount rate applied
was consistent with observable market
expectations.

8@@E@TE

Deuelopmentreuenue (Refer to Note to)

The Group recognised \$r+S.6 million of property development revenue for the year ended 30 June 2018 (zot7 : gzz4.3 million).

Property development revenue includes proceeds from the sale of inventory and revenue earned through the provision ofdevelopment services in relation to assets sold to third parties.

Revenue earned on the provision ofdevelopment services is recognised on a percentage of completion basis as described in Note ro. The percentage of completion is assessed by reference to the proportion of contract costs incurred and the estimated costs to complete the project.

We considered development revenue a key audit matter given the:

  • . Significance of development revenue to the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income and FFO.
  • . Significant judgement required by the Group in determining the costs to complete each project which impacts the timing of revenue and profit recognised over the life ofthe project.
  • . Complexity ofsales contracts related to the sale of inventory and the resulting timing of revenue recognition.

We performed the following audit procedures, amongst others, over revenue earned through the provision of development services:

  • r Inspectedthe development contractto assess whether the revenue recognised by the Group during the year is in accordance with the revenue recognition criteria set out in Australian Accounting Standards.
  • . Recalculated the revenue recognised by reference to the project's percentage of completion. We assessed the appropriateness ofthe percentage of completion ratio by agreeing a sample of the project's costs to third parly support.
  • . Agreed revenue recognised to the underlying contract and supporting evidence ofcash settlement.

We performed the following audit procedures, amongst others, over proceeds from the sale of inventory:

  • r Inspected the relevant terms ofthe sales contract to assess whether revenue from the sale of inventory was recognised in accordance with the contract and the requirements ofthe Australian Accounting Standards.
  • r Agreed the settlement proceeds to the bank statement.

Other information

The Directors of the responsible entity of the Group, Dexus Funds Management Limited (the Directors), are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the financial report for the year ended 30 June zor8, including the Directors' Report, but does not include the Financial Statements, related note disclosures and our auditor's report thereon.

Our opinion on the financial report does not cover the other information and accordingly we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit of the financial report, our responsibility is to read the other information identified above and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial report or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.

If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard.

Responsibilities of the Directors for the financial report

The Directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial report that gives a true and fair view in accordance with Australian Accounting Standards and the Corporations Act zoot and for such internal control as the Directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of the financial report that gives a true and fair view and is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial report, the Directors are responsible for assessing the ability of the Group to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Group or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial report

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial report as a whole is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level ofassurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with the Australian Auditing Standards will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions ofusers taken on the basis ofthe financial report.

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial report is located at the Auditing and Assurance Standards Board website at:

http://www.auasb.gov.au/auditors_responsibilities/arr.pdf. This description forms part of our auditor's report.

P@

PricewaterhouseCoopers

Matthew Lunn Partner

Sydney 14 August 2o1B