CHUN YU — Audit Report / Information 2023

Nov 13, 2023

CHUN YU WORKS & CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT

DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022

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CHUN YU WORKS & CO., LTD.

Declaration of Consolidated Financial Statements of Affiliated Enterprises

For the year ended December 31, 2023, pursuant to Criteria Governing Preparation of Affiliation Reports, Consolidated Business Reports and Consolidated Financial Statements of Affiliated Enterprises, the entities that are required to be included in the consolidated financial statements of affiliates, are the same as the entities required to be included in the consolidated financial statements under International Financial Reporting Standard No. 10. Also, if relevant information that should be disclosed in the consolidated financial statements of affiliates has all been disclosed in the consolidated financial statements of parent and subsidiary companies, it shall not be required to prepare consolidated financial statements of affiliates.

Hereby declare,

Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd.

March 7, 2024

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INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT TRANSLATED FROM CHINESE

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd.

Opinion

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd. and subsidiaries (the “Group”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, of changes in equity and of cash flows for the years then ended, and notes to the consolidated financial statements, including a summary of material accounting policies.

In our opinion, based on our audits and the reports of other auditors (refer to the Other matter section), the accompanying consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Group as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and its consolidated financial performance and its consolidated cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with the Regulations Governing the Preparation of Financial Reports by Securities Issuers and the International Financial Reporting Standards, International Accounting Standards, IFRIC Interpretations, and SIC Interpretations that came into effect as endorsed by the Financial Supervisory Commission.

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audits in accordance with the Regulations Governing Financial Statement Audit and Attestation Engagements of Certified Public Accountants and Standards on Auditing of the Republic of China. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors’ responsibilities for the audit of the consolidated financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the Norm of Professional Ethics for Certified Public Accountant of the Republic of China, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. Based on our audits and reports of other auditors, we believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

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Key audit matters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the Group’s 2023 consolidated financial statements. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the consolidated financial statements as a whole and, in forming our opinion thereon, we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.

Key audit matters for the Group’s 2023 consolidated financial statements are stated as follows:

Cut-off of revenue from export sales

Description

Refer to Note 4(29) for accounting policy on revenue recognition and Note 6(20) for details of operating revenue.

The Group derives its revenues from the sales of screws, nuts, wire rods and fastener forming machines, etc., and revenues from export sales account for a high percentage of total revenue. Export sales are recognized as revenues when control of the goods has been transferred according to the terms specified in the contracts. The revenue recognition requires that the products are delivered to the customer, the customer has full discretion over the products, and there is no unfulfilled obligation that could affect the customer’s acceptance over the products, but delivery time may vary for each sales transaction. The determination as to when products are transferred to customers involves manual process and judgement. Given that there is a risk of material misstatement from improper revenue recognition for transactions that occur near the balance sheet date and the transaction amounts are usually material to the financial statements, we considered the cut-off of revenue from export sales a key audit matter.

How our audit addressed the matter

We performed the following audit procedures on the above key audit matter:

1. Obtained an understanding and assessed the accounting policies of revenue recognition on export sales.

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1. Obtained an understanding and assessed the internal controls over revenue recognition on export sales, and tested the effectiveness of internal controls including the delivery process and the timing of revenue recognition.

2. Performed cut-off tests on export sales transactions that took place during a certain period before and after the balance sheet date to ascertain whether sales revenues were recognized when control of goods has been transferred to the customer and revenues were recorded in the proper period.

Valuation of inventories

Description

Refer to Note 4(10) for accounting policy on inventory valuation, Note 5(2) for uncertainty of accounting estimates and assumptions in relation to inventory valuation, and Note 6(4) for details of inventories. As of December 31, 2023, the inventories and allowance for inventory valuation losses amounted to NT$3,544,040 thousand and NT$188,458 thousand, respectively.

The Group is primarily engaged in the manufacture and sales of screws, nuts, wire rods and fastener forming machines, etc. Due to the market demand, technology innovation and other factors, there is a risk of inventories losing value or becoming obsolete. The inventories are measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value. For inventory over a certain age and individually identified as obsolete or slow-moving, the net realisable values are determined by management based on periodic inventory clearance information. Given that the net realisable value used when assessing the inventories individually identified as obsolete or slow-moving involves subjective judgement, we considered the valuation of inventories a key audit matter.

How our audit addressed the matter

We performed the following audit procedures on the above key audit matter:

1. Assessed the reasonableness of policies and procedures in relation to the provision of allowance for inventory valuation losses based on the accounting principles and our understanding of the nature of the business and the industry.

2. Obtained an understanding of the warehouse management processes, reviewed the annual physical inventory count plan and participated in the annual inventory count in order to evaluate the effectiveness of procedures used by the management to identify

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and control obsolete inventories.

1. Verified the appropriateness of net realisable value used in inventory valuation and the logic used in the inventory aging report to ascertain the adequacy of allowance for inventory valuation losses.

Other matter – Reference to the reports of other auditors

We did not audit the financial statements of consolidated subsidiaries, Chun Yu Works (USA) Inc. and Pt Moon Lion Industries Indonesia, which were audited by other auditors. Therefore, our opinion expressed herein, insofar as it relates to the amounts included in respect of these subsidiaries, is based solely on the reports of the other auditors. Total assets of these subsidiaries amounted to NT$1,827,557 thousand and NT$1,777,370 thousand, constituting 15% and 14% of the consolidated total assets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and the operating revenue amounted to NT$2,220,972 thousand and NT$2,190,541 thousand, constituting 26% and 20% of the consolidated total operating revenue for the years then ended, respectively.

Other matter – Parent company only financial reports

We have audited and expressed an unqualified opinion with an other matter paragraph on the parent company only financial statements of Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd. as of and for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Responsibilities of management and those charged with governance for the consolidated financial statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with the Regulations Governing the Preparation of Financial Reports by Securities Issuers and the International Financial Reporting Standards, International Accounting Standards, IFRIC Interpretations, and SIC Interpretations that came into effect as endorsed by the Financial Supervisory Commission, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

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In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Group or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.

Those charged with governance, including the audit committee, are responsible for overseeing the Group’s financial reporting process.

Auditors’ responsibilities for the audit of the consolidated financial statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditors’ report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with the Standards on Auditing of the Republic of China will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements. As part of an audit in accordance with the Standards on Auditing of the Republic of China, we exercise professional judgment and professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:

1. Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.

2. Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Group’s internal control.

3. Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of

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accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management.

1. Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditors’ report to the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditors’ report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Group to cease to continue as a going concern.

2. Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the consolidated financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.

3. Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business activities within the Group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion.

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.

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From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditors’ report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.

Tien, Chung-Yu Independent Accountants Hsu, Huei-Yu

PricewaterhouseCoopers, Taiwan Republic of China March 7, 2024

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The accompanying consolidated financial statements are not intended to present the financial position and results of operations and cash flows in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in countries and jurisdictions other than the Republic of China. The standards, procedures and practices in the Republic of China governing the audit of such financial statements may differ from those generally accepted in countries and jurisdictions other than the Republic of China. Accordingly, the accompanying consolidated financial statements and independent auditors’ report are not intended for use by those who are not informed about the accounting principles or auditing standards generally accepted in the Republic of China, and their applications in practice.

As the financial statements are the responsibility of the management, PricewaterhouseCoopers cannot accept any liability for the use of, or reliance on, the English translation or for any errors or misunderstandings that may derive from the translation.

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CHUN YU WORKS & CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022

(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars)

Assets	Notes 6(1) 6(2) 6(1) 6(3) and 7 6(3) and 7 7 6(27) 5(2), 6(4)(6) and 8 6(1) and 8 6(2) 6(5) 6(1) 6(6)(10), 7 and 8 6(7) and 8 6(8) 6(27) 6(6)(8) 6(9)	December 31, 2023 AMOUNT % $ 2,552,936 21 3,177 - 298,027 2 324,961 3 1,496,591 12 20,269 - 1,164 - 3,355,582 28 80,928 1 8,967 - 8,142,602 67 127,050 1 681,311 6 - - 2,879,339 24 123,068 1 7,747 - 168,233 1 11,959 - 24,763 - - - 2,264 - 4,025,734 33 $ 12,168,336 100	December 31, 2022	December 31, 2022
		AMOUNT $ 2,552,936 3,177 298,027 324,961 1,496,591 20,269 1,164 3,355,582 80,928 8,967 8,142,602 127,050 681,311 - 2,879,339 123,068 7,747 168,233 11,959 24,763 - 2,264 4,025,734 $ 12,168,336	AMOUNT $ 2,436,550 50,411 - 420,299 1,665,188 6,889 2,623 3,997,588 116,626 11,775 8,707,949 - 439,249 44,100 3,055,795 137,409 7,343 164,086 23,088 21,957 3,317 6,780 3,903,124 $ 12,611,073	%
Current assets 1100 Cash and cash equivalents 1110 Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss - current 1136 Financial assets at amortised cost - current 1150 Notes receivable, net 1170 Accounts receivable, net 1200 Other receivables 1220 Current income tax assets 130X Inventories 1410 Prepayments 1476 Other current financial assets 11XX Total current assets Non-current assets 1510 Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss - non-current 1517 Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income - non- current 1535 Financial assets at amortised cost - non-current 1600 Property, plant and equipment 1755 Right-of-use assets 1780 Intangible assets 1840 Deferred income tax assets 1915 Prepayments for equipment 1920 Guarantee deposits paid 1930 Long-term notes and accounts receivable 1990 Other non-current assets 15XX Total non-current assets 1XXX Total assets				19 1 - 3 13 - - 32 1 -
				69
				- 4 1 24 1 - 1 - - - -
				31
				100

(Continued)

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CHUN YU WORKS & CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022

(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars)

Liabilities and Equity

December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Notes AMOUNT % AMOUNT % 6(11) and 8 $ 478,186 4 $ 780,846 6 6(20) and 7 481,924 4 470,653 4 438 - 388 - 7 494,133 4 558,651 5 7 378,577 3 440,435 4 6(27) 40,973 - 45,169 - 6(13) 6,401 - 6,265 - 6(7) 13,114 - 24,728 - 6(14) and 8 6,583 - 16,121 - 1,900,329 15 2,343,256 19 6(12) and 8 4,578,558 38 4,563,605 36 6(14) and 8 23,123 - 22,915 - 6(27) 457,693 4 467,513 4 6(7) 30,310 - 27,534 - 6(15) 98,780 1 116,863 1 457 - 457 - 5,188,921 43 5,198,887 41 7,089,250 58 7,542,143 60 6(16) 3,021,627 25 3,021,627 24 6(12)(16)(17) 501,353 4 477,923 4 6(5)(16)(18) 336,485 3 302,397 2 430,610 4 430,610 3 649,496 5 653,326 5 6(5)(19) ( 394,640) ( 4) ( 331,076) ( 2 ) 6(16) ( 267,195) ( 2) ( 267,195) ( 2 ) 4,277,736 35 4,287,612 34 4(3) 801,350 7 781,318 6 5,079,086 42 5,068,930 40 9 11 $ 12,168,336 100 $ 12,611,073 100

Current liabilities 2100 Short-term borrowings 2130 Current contract liabilities 2150 Notes payable 2170 Accounts payable 2200 Other payables 2230 Current income tax liabilities 2250 Provisions for liabilities - current 2280 Current lease liabilities 2320 Long-term liabilities, current portion 21XX Total current liabilities Non-current liabilities 2530 Bonds payable 2540 Long-term borrowings 2570 Deferred income tax liabilities 2580 Non-current lease liabilities 2640 Net defined benefit liabilities - non- current 2645 Guarantee deposits received 25XX Total non-current liabilities 2XXX Total liabilities Equity attributable to owners of parent Share capital 3110 Common stock 3200 Capital surplus Retained earnings 3310 Legal reserve 3320 Special reserve 3350 Unappropriated retained earnings 3400 Other equity interest 3500 Treasury stocks 31XX Equity attributable to owners of the parent 36XX Non-controlling interest 3XXX Total equity Significant Contingent Liabilities and Unrecognized Contract Commitments Significant Events after the Balance Sheet Date 3X2X Total liabilities and equity

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CHUN YU WORKS & CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022

(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars, except for earnings per share amount)

Items

Year ended December 31 2023 2022 Notes AMOUNT % AMOUNT % 6(20) and 7 $ 8,460,641 100 $ 11,049,641 100 6(4)(7)(8)(15)(25 )(26) and 7 ( 7,141,577) ( 85) ( 9,247,148) ( 84) 1,319,064 15 1,802,493 16 6(7)(8)(15)(25)(2 6), 7 and 12 ( 289,537) ( 3) ( 357,854) ( 3) ( 506,152) ( 6) ( 516,002) ( 5) ( 62,903) ( 1) ( 66,419) - ( 4,184) - 1,521 - ( 862,776) ( 10) ( 938,754) ( 8) 456,288 5 863,739 8 6(3)(21) 36,475 1 15,975 - 6(2)(5)(22) and 7 32,300 - 42,635 - 6(2)(7)(23) and 12 115,955 1 80,383 1 6(7)(24) ( 121,464) ( 1) ( 121,531) ( 1) 63,266 1 17,462 - 519,554 6 881,201 8 6(27) ( 158,876) ( 2) ( 218,085) ( 2) $ 360,678 4 $ 663,116 6

4000 Operating revenue 5000 Operating costs 5900 Net operating margin Operating expenses 6100 Selling expenses 6200 General and administrative expenses 6300 Research and development expenses 6450 Expected credit (losses) gains 6000 Total operating expenses 6900 Operating profit Non-operating income and expenses 7100 Interest income 7010 Other income 7020 Other gains and losses 7050 Finance costs 7000 Total non-operating income and expenses 7900 Profit before income tax 7950 Income tax expense 8200 Profit for the year

(Continued)

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CHUN YU WORKS & CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022

(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars, except for earnings per share amount)

Items

Year ended December 31 2023 2022 Notes AMOUNT % AMOUNT % 6(15) $ 6,755 - $ 42,634 - 6(5)(19) 38,056 - ( 89,882) ( 1) 6(27) ( 1,279) - ( 8,476) - ( 35,166) - 58,903 1 6(27) 2,165 - ( 2,846) - $ 10,531 - $ 333 - $ 371,209 4 $ 663,449 6 $ 253,625 3 $ 537,503 5 107,053 1 125,613 1 $ 360,678 4 $ 663,116 6 $ 268,857 3 $ 527,170 5 102,352 1 136,279 1 $ 371,209 4 $ 663,449 6 6(28) $ 0.91 $ 1.93 $ 0.82 $ 1.81

Other comprehensive income (loss) Components of other comprehensive income (loss) that will not be reclassified to profit or loss 8311 Actuarial gains on defined benefit plans 8316 Unrealised gain (loss) on valuation of investments in equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income 8349 Income tax related to components of other comprehensive loss that will not be reclassified to profit or loss Components of other comprehensive income (loss) that will be reclassified to profit or loss 8361 Financial statements translation differences of foreign operations 8399 Aggregated income tax relating to components of other comprehensive income (loss) 8300 Total other comprehensive income for the year 8500 Total comprehensive income for the year Profit attributable to: 8610 Owners of the parent 8620 Non-controlling interest Comprehensive income attributable to: 8710 Owners of the parent 8720 Non-controlling interest Earnings per share (in dollars) 9750 Basic 9850 Diluted

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CHUN YU WORKS & CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022

(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars)

For the year ended December 31, 2022 Balance at January 1, 2022 Profit for the year Other comprehensive income (loss) for the year Total comprehensive income (loss) Distribution of second half of 2021 net income: Legal reserve Cash dividends Stock dividends Distribution of first half of 2022 net income: Legal reserve Cash dividends Disposal of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income Issuance of convertible bonds The Company's dividends received by subsidiaries Decrease in non-controlling interest Balance at December 31, 2022 For the year ended December 31, 2023 Balance at January 1, 2023 Profit for the year Other comprehensive income (loss) for the year Total comprehensive income (loss) Distribution of second half of 2022 net income: Legal reserve Cash dividends Disposal of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income The Company's dividends received by subsidiaries Decrease in non-controlling interest Balance at December 31, 2023	Notes								Equityat	tri	butable to owners of t	h	eparent	eparent	eparent						Non-controlling interest		Total equity
			Share capital - common stock		Treasury stock transactions				Retained Earnings				Other EquityInterest				Treasurystocks		Total
							Legal reserve		Special reserve		Unappropriated retained earnings	d	Financial statements translation ifferences of foreign operations		Unrealised losses from financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income
	6(5)(19) 6(18) 6(16)(18) 6(18) 6(5)(19) 6(12)(17) 6(16)(17) 6(5)(19) 6(18) 6(5)(19) 6(16)(17)		$ 2,877,740 - - - - - 143,887 - - - - - - $ 3,021,627 $ 3,021,627 - - - - - - - - $ 3,021,627		$ 222,103 - - - - - - - - - 221,790 34,030 - $ 477,923 $ 477,923 - - - - - - 23,430 - $ 501,353		$ 233,702 - - - 37,754 - - 30,941 - - - - - $ 302,397 $ 302,397 - - - 34,088 - - - - $ 336,485		$ 430,610 - - - - - - - - - - - - $ 430,610 $ 430,610 - - - - - - - - $ 430,610		$ 654,473 537,503 27,919 565,422 ( 37,754 ) ( 287,774 ) ( 143,887 ) ( 30,941 ) ( 151,081 ) 84,868 - - - $ 653,326 $ 653,326 253,625 5,666 259,291 ( 34,088 ) ( 302,163 ) 73,130 - - $ 649,496		($ 214,721 ) - 51,630 51,630 - - - - - - - - - ($ 163,091 ) ($ 163,091 ) - ( 28,490 ) ( 28,490 ) - - - - - ($ 191,581 )		$ 6,765 - ( 89,882 ) ( 89,882 ) - - - - - ( 84,868 ) - - - ($ 167,985 ) ($ 167,985 ) - 38,056 38,056 - - ( 73,130 ) - - ($ 203,059 )		($ 267,195 ) - - - - - - - - - - - - ($ 267,195 ) ($ 267,195 ) - - - - - - - - ($ 267,195 )		$ 3,943,477 537,503 ( 10,333 ) 527,170 - ( 287,774 ) - - ( 151,081 ) - 221,790 34,030 - $ 4,287,612 $ 4,287,612 253,625 15,232 268,857 - ( 302,163 ) - 23,430 - $ 4,277,736		$ 724,434 125,613 10,666 136,279 - - - - - - - - ( 79,395 ) $ 781,318 $ 781,318 107,053 ( 4,701 ) 102,352 - - - - ( 82,320 ) $ 801,350		$ 4,667,911 663,116 333 663,449 - ( 287,774 ) - - ( 151,081 ) - 221,790 34,030 ( 79,395 ) $ 5,068,930 $ 5,068,930 360,678 10,531 371,209 - ( 302,163 ) - 23,430 ( 82,320 ) $ 5,079,086

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CHUN YU WORKS & CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022

(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars)

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES Profit before tax Adjustments Adjustments to reconcile profit (loss) Net (gains) losses on financial assets at fair value through profit or loss Expected credit losses (gains) (Reversal of allowance) provision for inventory market price decline Depreciation (Gains) losses on disposal of property, plant and equipment Losses from lease modification Amortization Interest income Dividend income Interest expense Changes in operating assets and liabilities Changes in operating assets Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss - current Notes receivable Accounts receivable Other receivables Inventories Prepayments Long-term notes and accounts receivable Changes in operating liabilities Current contract liabilities Notes payable Accounts payable Other payables Provisions for liabilities - current Net defined benefit liabilities - non-current Cash inflow generated from operations Interest received Dividends received Interest paid Income tax paid Net cash flows from operating activities

Year ended December 31 Notes 2023 2022 $ 519,554 $ 881,201 ( 92,665 ) 18,258 12 4,184 ( 1,521 ) 6(4) ( 771 ) 42,381 6(6)(7)(25) 291,916 281,744 6(23) ( 587 ) 2,045 6(7)(23) - 182 6(8)(25) 3,470 3,784 6(21) ( 36,475 ) ( 15,975 ) 6(22) ( 7,688 ) ( 17,827 ) 6(24) 121,464 121,531 48,849 ( 13,816 ) 95,453 1,338 165,936 629,766 ( 13,380 ) 23,562 626,782 418,843 35,698 51,555 3,317 11,905 11,271 63,310 50 ( 2,899 ) ( 64,518 ) ( 471,586 ) ( 70,206 ) ( 126,161 ) 136 ( 2,010 ) ( 11,328 ) ( 10,728 ) 1,630,462 1,888,882 36,475 15,975 7,688 17,827 ( 104,463 ) ( 109,360 ) ( 174,694 ) ( 199,723 ) 1,395,468 1,613,601

(Continued)

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CHUN YU WORKS & CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022

(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars)

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES Increase in financial assets at amortized cost - current Acquisition of financial assets at fair value through income - non-current Decrease (increase) in other current financial assets Acquisition of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income - non-current Proceeds from disposal of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income Decrease in financial assets at amortized cost - non- current Cash paid for acquisition of property, plant and equipment Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment Acquisition of intangible assets Increase in prepayments for equipment Increase in guarantee deposits paid Decrease in other non-current financial assets Decrease in other non-current assets Net cash flows used in investing activities CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES Decrease in short-term borrowings Payments of lease liabilities Increase in convertible bonds Increase in long-term borrowings Decrease in long-term borrowings Payments of cash dividends Cash dividends paid to non-controlling interest Net cash flows used in financing activities Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents Net increase in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

Year ended December 31 Notes 2023 2022 ($ 298,027 ) $ - ( 36,000 ) - 2,808 ( 10,349 ) ( 290,398 ) ( 1,059 ) 6(5) 86,392 100,773 44,100 42,815 6(29) ( 54,153 ) ( 181,852 ) 1,393 3,899 6(8) ( 3,911 ) ( 2,926 ) ( 2,607 ) ( 25,651 ) ( 2,806 ) ( 3,374 ) - 7,361 4,516 1,807 ( 548,693 ) ( 68,556 ) 6(30) ( 302,660 ) ( 861,525 ) 6(30) ( 26,829 ) ( 25,026 ) 6(30) - 1,775,874 6(30) 8,500 27,207 6(30) ( 17,830 ) ( 612,997 ) 6(29) ( 278,733 ) ( 404,825 ) ( 82,320 ) ( 79,395 ) ( 699,872 ) ( 180,687 ) ( 30,517 ) 45,955 116,386 1,410,313 6(1) 2,436,550 1,026,237 6(1) $ 2,552,936 $ 2,436,550

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CHUN YU WORKS & CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022

(Expressed in thousands of New Taiwan dollars, except as otherwise indicated)

1. History and Organization

• (1) Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd. (the “Company”) was incorporated as a company limited by shares under the provisions of the Company Act of the Republic of China (R.O.C.) and other related regulations in March 1965. The Company is primarily engaged in the manufacture and heat treatment of screws, nuts and polished steel bars as well as design of pollution prevention equipment and undertaking related services. The information on main business activities of the Company’s subsidiaries is provided in Note 4(3).

• (2) The Company’s shares have been listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange since October 1991.

• The Date of Authorisation for Issuance of the Financial Statements and Procedures for Authorisation

• These consolidated financial statements were authorised for issuance by the Board of Directors on March 7, 2024.

3. Application of New Standards, Amendments and Interpretations

• (1) Effect of the adoption of new issuances of or amendments to International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS[®] ”) Accounting Standards that came into effect as endorsed by the Financial Supervisory Commission (“FSC”)

New standards, interpretations and amendments endorsed by the FSC and became effective from 2023 are as follows:

2023 are as follows:
New Standards,Interpretations andAmendments	Effective date by International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB")
Amendments to IAS 1, ‘Disclosure of accounting policies’ Amendments to IAS 8, ‘Definition of accounting estimates’ Amendments to IAS 12, ‘Deferred tax related to assets and liabilities arising from a single transaction’ Amendments to IAS 12, ‘International tax reform - pillar two model rules’	January 1, 2023 January 1, 2023 January 1, 2023 May 23, 2023

The above standards and interpretations have no significant impact to the Group’s financial condition and financial performance based on the Group’s assessment.

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(2) Effect of new issuances of or amendments to IFRS Accounting Standards as endorsed by the FSC but

not yet adopted by the Group

New standards, interpretations and amendments endorsed by the FSC and will become effective from 2024 are as follows:

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Effective date by
New Standards, Interpretations and Amendments IASB
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New Standards, Interpretations and Amendments	Effective date by IASB
Amendments to IFRS 16, ‘Lease liability in a sale and leaseback’	January 1, 2024
Amendments to IAS 1, ‘Classification of liabilities as	January 1, 2024
current or non-current’
Amendments to IAS 1, ‘Non-current liabilities with covenants’	January 1, 2024
Amendments to IAS 7 and IFRS 7, ‘Supplier finance arrangements’	January 1, 2024

The above standards and interpretations have no significant impact to the Group’s financial condition and financial performance based on the Group’s assessment.

(3) IFRS Accounting Standards issued by IASB but not yet endorsed by the FSC

New standards, interpretations and amendments issued by IASB but not yet included in the IFRS Accounting Standards as endorsed by the FSC are as follows:

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Effective date by
New Standards, Interpretations and Amendments IASB
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New Standards, Interpretations and Amendments	Effective date by IASB
Amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28, ‘Sale or contribution of assets	To be determined by
between an investor and its associate or joint venture’	IASB
IFRS 17, ‘Insurance contracts’	January 1, 2023
Amendments to IFRS 17, ‘Insurance contracts’	January 1, 2023
Amendment to IFRS 17, ‘Initial application of IFRS 17 and IFRS 9 –	January 1, 2023
comparative information’
Amendments to IAS 21, ‘Lack of exchangeability’	January 1, 2025

The above standards and interpretations have no significant impact to the Group’s financial condition and financial performance based on the Group’s assessment.

4. Summary of Material Accounting Policies

The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements

are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all the periods presented, unless otherwise stated.

(1) Compliance statement

The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with the Regulations Governing the Preparation of Financial Reports by Securities Issuers, International Financial Reporting Standards, International Accounting Standards, IFRIC[®] Interpretations, and SIC[®] Interpretations as endorsed by the FSC (collectively referred herein as the “IFRSs”).

(2) Basis of preparation

• A. Except for the following items, the consolidated financial statements have been prepared under

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the historical cost convention:

  - (a) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss.

  - (b) Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income.

  - (c) Defined benefit liabilities recognised based on the net amount of pension fund assets less present value of defined benefit obligation.

• B. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRSs requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial statements are disclosed in Note 5, ‘Critical accounting judgements, estimates and key sources of assumption uncertainty’.

• (3) Basis of consolidation

• A. Basis for preparation of consolidated financial statements:

  • (a) All subsidiaries are included in the Group’s consolidated financial statements. Subsidiaries are all entities (including structured entities) controlled by the Group. The Group controls an entity when the Group is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. Consolidation of subsidiaries begins from the date the Group obtains control of the subsidiaries and ceases when the Group loses control of the subsidiaries.

  • (b) Inter-company transactions, balances and unrealised gains or losses on transactions between companies within the Group are eliminated. Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been adjusted where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group.

  • (c) Profit or loss and each component of other comprehensive income are attributed to the owners of the parent and to the non-controlling interests. Total comprehensive income is attributed to the owners of the parent and to the non-controlling interests even if this results in the noncontrolling interests having a deficit balance.

  • (d) Changes in a parent’s ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in the parent losing control of the subsidiary (transactions with non-controlling interests) are accounted for as equity transactions, i.e. transactions with owners in their capacity as owners. Any difference between the amount by which the non-controlling interests are adjusted and the fair value of the consideration paid or received is recognised directly in equity.

  • (e) When the Group loses control of a subsidiary, the Group remeasures any investment retained in the former subsidiary at its fair value. That fair value is regarded as the fair value on initial recognition of a financial asset or the cost on initial recognition of the associate or joint venture. Any difference between fair value and carrying amount is recognised in profit or loss. All amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income in relation to the subsidiary are reclassified to profit or loss on the same basis as would be required if the related assets or liabilities were disposed of. That is, when the Group loses control of a subsidiary, all gains or

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losses previously recognised in other comprehensive income in relation to the subsidiary should be reclassified from equity to profit or loss, if such gains or losses would be reclassified to profit or loss when the related assets or liabilities are disposed of.

B. Subsidiaries included in the consolidated financial statements:

Name of investor	Name of subsidiary	Main business activities	Ownership (%)	Ownership (%)	Description
			December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd. Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd. Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd. Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd. Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd. Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd. Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd. Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd. Scholar Holdings Ltd. Sunny City International Limited Shanghai Uchee Hardware Products Ltd. Chun Zu Machinery Industry Co., Ltd. Lion City Management Ltd.	Chun Bang Precision Co., Ltd. Chun Yu Works (USA) Inc. Chun Yu Investment Co., Ltd. Chun Yu Bio-tech Corp. SCHOLAR HOLDINGS Ltd. SUNNY CITY INTERNATIONAL LIMITED Pt Moon Lion Industries Indonesia Chun Zu Machinery Industry Co., Ltd. Chun Yu (Dongguan) Metal Products Co., Ltd. Shanghai Uchee Hardware Products Ltd. Chunyu Group Shanghai Tongsheng Trade Co., Ltd. Lion City Management Ltd. Shanghai Chun Zu Machinery Industry Ltd.	Manufacture and sales of moulds Import and export of hardware products Professional investment Powder metallurgy Reinvestment and import and export sales Reinvestment and import and export sales Manufacture and sales of screws and nuts Manufacture and sales of machinery Manufacture and sales of screws and nuts Sales of screws and nuts Sales of screws and nuts Professional investment Manufacture and sales of machinery	100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 71.85 47.82 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00	100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 71.85 47.82 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00	－ － － － － － － (Note 1) (Note 2) － － － (Note 2) (Note 2)

(Note 1) It represents the consolidated ownership held by the Group.

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• (Note 2) A representative appointed by the Company was elected as the chairman of the investee, and the general manager of the investee had to report to the Board of Directors of the Company. Thus, the Company had substantial control over the investee and its subsidiaries.

• C. Subsidiaries not included in the consolidated financial statements: None.

• D. Adjustments for subsidiaries with different balance sheet dates: None.

• E. Significant restrictions: None.

• F. Subsidiaries that have non-controlling interests that are material to the Group:

• As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the non-controlling interest amounted to $801,350 and $781,318, respectively. The information on non-controlling interest and respective subsidiary is as follows:

as follows:
Name of subsidiary	Principal place ofbusiness Taiwan	Amount Ownership (%) Amount Ownership (%) 516,491 $ 52.18% 529,806 $ 52.18% December31,2023 December31,2022 Non-controllinginterest
		Amount 516,491 $
Chun Zu Machinery Industry Co., Ltd.			52.18%

Summarised financial information of the subsidiary:

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Consolidated balance sheet Chun Zu Machinery Industry Co., Ltd. and subsidiaries
December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022
Current assets $ 1,473,476 $ 1,408,949
Non-current assets 489,339 575,844
Current liabilities ( 759,523) ( 742,551)
Non-current liabilities ( 139,549) ( 154,418)
Total net assets $ 1,063,743 $ 1,087,824
For the years ended December 31,
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income 2023 2022
Revenue $ 1,172,342 $ 1,270,675
Profit for the year $ 74,265 $ 110,989
Other comprehensive (loss) income ( 7,911) 17,142
Total comprehensive income $ 66,354 $ 128,131
Comprehensive income attributable to
non-controlling interest $ 33,874 $ 66,154
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest $ 47,189 $ 34,605
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For the years ended December 31,
Consolidated statements of cash flows 2023 2022
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 300,512 $ 44,226
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities ( 41,534) 10,589
Net cash used in financing activities ( 100,079) ( 147,890)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and
cash equivalents ( 6,975) 10,132
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 151,924 ( 82,943)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 214,542 297,485
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $ 366,466 $ 214,542
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(4) Foreign currency translation

Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the “functional currency”). The consolidated financial statements are presented in New Taiwan dollars, which is the Company’s functional and the Group’s presentation currency.

• A. Foreign currency transactions and balances

• (a) Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions or valuation where items are remeasured. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they arise.

• (b) Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the period end are retranslated at the exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date. Exchange differences arising upon re-translation at the balance sheet date are recognised in profit or loss.

• (c) Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies held at fair value through profit or loss are re-translated at the exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date; their translation differences are recognised in profit or loss. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies held at fair value through other comprehensive income are re-translated at the exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date; their translation differences are recognised in other comprehensive income. However, nonmonetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are not measured at fair value are translated using the historical exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions.

• (d) All foreign exchange gains and losses are presented in the statement of comprehensive income within ‘other gains and losses’.

• B. Translation of foreign operations

• (a) The operating results and financial position of all the group entities and associates that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows:

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• i. Assets and liabilities for each balance sheet presented are translated at the closing exchange rate at the date of that balance sheet;

• ii. Income and expenses for each statement of comprehensive income are translated at average exchange rates of that period; and

• iii. All resulting exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income.

• (b) When the foreign operation partially disposed of or sold is a subsidiary, cumulative exchange differences that were recorded in other comprehensive income are proportionately transferred to the non-controlling interest in this foreign operation. In addition, even when the Group retains partial interest in the former foreign subsidiary after losing control of the former foreign subsidiary, such transactions should be accounted for as disposal of all interest in the foreign operation.

(5) Classification of current and non-current items

• A. Assets that meet one of the following criteria are classified as current assets; otherwise they are classified as non-current assets:

• (a) Assets arising from operating activities that are expected to be realised, or are intended to be sold or consumed within the normal operating cycle;

• (b) Assets held mainly for trading purposes;

• (c) Assets that are expected to be realised within twelve months from the balance sheet date;

• (d) Cash and cash equivalents, excluding restricted cash and cash equivalents and those that are to be exchanged or used to settle liabilities more than twelve months after the balance sheet date.

• B. Liabilities that meet one of the following criteria are classified as current liabilities; otherwise they are classified as non-current liabilities:

• (a) Liabilities that are expected to be settled within the normal operating cycle;

• (b) Liabilities arising mainly from trading activities;

• (c) Liabilities that are to be settled within twelve months from the balance sheet date;

• (d) Liabilities for which the repayment date cannot be extended unconditionally to more than twelve months after the balance sheet date. Terms of a liability that could, at the option of the counterparty, result in its settlement by the issue of equity instruments do not affect its classification.

(6) Cash equivalents

• A. Cash equivalents refer to short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

• B. Time deposits and short-term notes and bills that meet the definition above and are held for the purpose of meeting short-term cash commitments in operations are classified as cash equivalents.

• (7) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

• A. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are financial assets that are not measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income.

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• B. On a regular way purchase or sale basis, financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are recognised and derecognised using trade date accounting.

• C. At initial recognition, the Group measures the financial assets at fair value and recognises the transaction costs in profit or loss. The Group subsequently measures the financial assets at fair value, and recognises the gain or loss in profit or loss.

• D. The Group recognises the dividend income when the right to receive payment is established, future economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably.

• (8) Financial assets at amortised cost

• A. Financial assets at amortised cost are those that meet all of the following criteria:

• (a) The objective of the Group’s business model is achieved by collecting contractual cash flows.

• (b) The assets’ contractual cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest.

• B. The Group’s time deposits which do not fall under cash equivalents are those with a short maturity period and are measured at initial investment amount as the effect of discounting is immaterial.

• (9) Accounts and notes receivable

• A. Accounts and notes receivable entitle the Group a legal right to receive consideration in exchange for transferred goods or rendered services.

• B. The Group initially measures accounts and notes receivable at fair value and subsequently recognises the amortised interest income over the period of circulation using the effective interest method and the impairment loss. A gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss.

• (10) Inventories

• Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined using the weighted-average method. The cost of finished goods and work in progress comprises raw materials, direct labour, other direct costs and related production overheads (allocated based on normal operating capacity). It excludes borrowing costs. The item by item approach is used in applying the lower of cost and net realisable value. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated cost of completion and applicable variable selling expenses.

• (11) Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

• A. Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income comprise equity securities which are not held for trading, and for which the Group has made an irrevocable election at initial recognition to recognise changes in fair value in other comprehensive income.

• B. On a regular way purchase or sale basis, financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income are recognised and derecognised using trade date accounting.

• C. At initial recognition, the Group measures the financial assets at fair value plus transaction costs. The Group subsequently measures the financial assets at fair value: The changes in fair value of equity investments that were recognised in other comprehensive income are reclassified to retained earnings and are not reclassified to profit or loss following the

~24~

derecognition of the investment. Dividends are recognised as revenue when the right to receive payment is established, future economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the Group and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably.

(12) Impairment of financial assets

For debt instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income and financial assets at amortised cost, at each reporting date, the Group recognises the impairment provision for 12 months expected credit losses if there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition or recognises the impairment provision for the lifetime expected credit losses (ECLs) if such credit risk has increased since initial recognition after taking into consideration all reasonable and verifiable information that includes forecasts. On the other hand, for accounts receivable or contract assets that do not contain a significant financing component, the Group recognises the impairment provision for lifetime ECLs.

(13) Derecognition of financial assets

The Group derecognises a financial asset when one of the following conditions is met:

• A. The contractual rights to receive the cash flows from the financial asset expire.

• B. The contractual rights to receive cash flows of the financial asset have been transferred and the Group has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset.

• C. The contractual rights to receive cash flows of the financial asset have been transferred; however, the Group has not retained control of the financial asset.

(14) Property, plant and equipment

• A. Property, plant and equipment are initially recorded at cost. Borrowing costs incurred during the construction period are capitalised.

• B. Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to profit or loss during the financial period in which they are incurred.

• C. Land is not depreciated. Other property, plant and equipment apply cost model and are depreciated using the straight-line method to allocate their cost over their estimated useful lives. Each part of an item of property, plant, and equipment with a cost that is significant in relation to the total cost of the item must be depreciated separately.

• D. The assets’ residual values, useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each financial year-end. If expectations for the assets’ residual values and useful lives differ from previous estimates or the patterns of consumption of the assets’ future economic benefits embodied in the assets have changed significantly, any change is accounted for as a change in estimate under IAS 8, ‘Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors’, from the date of the change. The estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment are as follows:

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Assets Useful lives
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Assets	Useful lives
Buildings:
Main building of plant (including accessory equipments)	3 ~ 51 years
Others (including accessory equipments)	3 ~ 36 years
Machinery and equipment	2 ~ 23 years
Utilities equipment	3 ~ 20 years
Transportation equipment	2 ~ 9 years
Office equipment	2 ~ 13 years
Other equipment	2 ~ 20 years

(15) Leasing arrangements (lessee) - right-of-use assets / lease liabilities

• A. Leases are recognised as a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability at the date at which the leased asset is available for use by the Group. For short-term leases or leases of lowvalue assets, lease payments are recognised as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

• B. Lease liabilities include the net present value of the remaining lease payments at the commencement date, discounted using the incremental borrowing interest rate. Lease payments are comprised of the following:

• (a) Fixed payments, less any lease incentives receivable; and

• (b) Payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the lessee exercising that option.

The Group subsequently measures the lease liability at amortised cost using the interest method and recognises interest expense over the lease term. The lease liability is remeasured and the amount of remeasurement is recognised as an adjustment to the right-of-use asset when there are changes in the lease term or lease payments and such changes do not arise from contract modifications.

• C. At the commencement date, the right-of-use asset is stated at cost comprising the following:

• (a) The amount of the initial measurement of lease liability;

• (b) Any lease payments made at or before the commencement date; and

• (c) Any initial direct costs incurred by the lessee.

The right-of-use asset is measured subsequently using the cost model and is depreciated from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the asset’s useful life or the end of the lease term. When the lease liability is remeasured, the amount of remeasurement is recognised as an adjustment to the right-of-use asset.

• D. For lease modifications that decrease the scope of the lease, the lessee shall decrease the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset and remeasure the lease liability to reflect the partial or full termination of the lease, and recognise the difference in profit or loss.

(16) Intangible assets

Computer software is stated at cost and amortised on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life of 3 to 10 years.

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(17) Impairment of non-financial assets

The Group assesses at each balance sheet date the recoverable amounts of those assets where there is an indication that they are impaired. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell or value in use. When the circumstances or reasons for recognising impairment loss for an asset in prior years no longer exist or diminish, the impairment loss is reversed. The increased carrying amount due to reversal should not be more than what the depreciated or amortised historical cost would have been if the impairment had not been recognised.

(18) Borrowings

• A. Borrowings comprise long-term and short-term bank borrowings. Borrowings are recognised initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently stated at amortised cost; any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is recognised in profit or loss over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method.

• B. Fees paid on the establishment of loan facilities are recognised as transaction costs of the loan to the extent that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down. In this case, the fee is deferred until the draw-down occurs. To the extent there is no evidence that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down, the fee is capitalised as a pre-payment for liquidity services and amortised over the period of the facility to which it relates.

(19) Notes and accounts payable

• A. Accounts payable are liabilities for purchases of raw materials, goods or services and notes payable are those resulting from operating and non-operating activities.

• B. The short-term notes and accounts payable without bearing interest are subsequently measured at initial invoice amount as the effect of discounting is immaterial.

(20) Bonds payable

• Ordinary corporate bonds issued by the Group are initially recognised at fair value less transaction costs. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is presented as an addition to or deduction from bonds payable, which is amortised to profit or loss over the period of bond circulation using the effective interest method as an adjustment to ‘finance costs’.

(21) Convertible bonds payable

• Convertible bonds issued by the Group contain conversion options (that is, the bondholders have the right to convert the bonds into the Group’s common shares by exchanging a fixed amount of cash for a fixed number of common shares), call options and put options. The Group classifies the bonds payable upon issuance as a financial asset, a financial liability or an equity instrument in accordance with the contract terms. They are accounted for as follows:

• A. The embedded call options and put options are recognised initially at net fair value as ‘financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss’. They are subsequently

~27~

remeasured and stated at fair value on each balance sheet date; the gain or loss is recognised as ‘gain or loss on valuation of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss’.

• B. The host contracts of bonds are initially recognised at fair value. Any difference between the initial recognition and the redemption value is accounted for as the premium or discount on bonds payable and subsequently is amortised in profit or loss as an adjustment to ‘finance costs’ over the period of circulation using the effective interest method.

• C. The embedded conversion options which meet the definition of an equity instrument are initially recognised in ‘capital surplus-share options’ at the residual amount of total issue price less the amount of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss and bonds payable das stated above. Conversion options are not subsequently remeasured.

• D. Any transaction costs directly attributable to the issuance are allocated to each liability or equity component in proportion to the initial carrying amount of each abovementioned item.

• E. When bondholders exercise conversion options, the liability component of the bonds (including bonds payable and ‘financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss’) shall be remeasured on the conversion date. The issuance cost of converted common shares is the total book value of the abovementioned liability component and ‘capital surplus-share options’.

(22) Derecognition of financial liabilities

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation specified in the contract is either discharged or cancelled or expires.

(23) Offsetting financial instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and reported in the net amount in the balance sheet when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

• (24) Provisions

• Provisions (the estimated warranties) are recognised when the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, and it is probable that an outflow of economic resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount of the obligation can be reliably estimated. Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation on the balance sheet date, which is discounted using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects the current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to passage of time is recognised as interest expense. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.

(25) Employee benefits

• A. Short-term employee benefits

• Short-term employee benefits are measured at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in respect of service rendered by employees in a period and should be recognised as

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expense in that period when the employees render service.

• B. Pensions

• (a) Defined contribution plans

For defined contribution plans, the contributions are recognised as pension expense when they are due on an accrual basis. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent of a cash refund or a reduction in the future payments.

  - (b) Defined benefit plans

     - i. Net obligation under a defined benefit plan is defined as the present value of an amount of pension benefits that employees will receive on retirement for their services with the Group in current period or prior periods. The liability recognised in the balance sheet in respect of defined benefit pension plans is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date less the fair value of plan assets. The net defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method. The rate used to discount is determined by using interest rates of highquality corporate bonds that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits will be paid, and that have terms to maturity approximating to the terms of the related pension liability; when there is no deep market in high-quality corporate bonds, the Group uses interest rates of government bonds (at the balance sheet date) instead.

     - ii. Remeasurements arising on defined benefit plans are recognised in other comprehensive income in the period in which they arise and are recorded as retained earnings.

• C. Termination benefits

  • Termination benefits are employee benefits provided in exchange for the termination of employment as a result from either the Group’s decision to terminate an employee’s employment before the normal retirement date, or an employee’s decision to accept an offer of redundancy benefits in exchange for the termination of employment. The Group recognises expense when it can no longer withdraw an offer of termination benefits or when it recognises related restructuring costs, whichever is earlier. Benefits that are expected to be due more than 12 months after the balance sheet date shall be discounted to their present value.

• D. Employees’ compensation and directors’ remuneration Employees’ compensation and directors’ remuneration are recognised as expense and liability, provided that such recognition is required under legal or constructive obligation and those amounts can be reliably estimated. Any difference between the resolved amounts and the subsequently actual distributed amounts is accounted for as changes in estimates. If employee compensation is paid by shares, the Group calculates the number of shares based on the closing price at the previous day of the board meeting resolution.

• (26) Income tax

• A. The tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in profit or loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or

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items recognised directly in equity, in which cases the tax is recognised in other comprehensive income or equity.

• B. The current income tax expense is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Company and its subsidiaries operate and generate taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in accordance with applicable tax regulations. It establishes provisions where appropriate based on the amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities. An additional tax is levied on the unappropriated retained earnings of the Company and its domestic subsidiaries and is recorded as income tax expense in the year the stockholders resolve to retain the earnings.

• C. Deferred tax is recognised, using the balance sheet liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated balance sheet. However, the deferred tax is not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss and does not give to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences. Deferred tax is provided on temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries, except where the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference is controlled by the Group and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply when the related deferred tax asset is realised or the deferred tax liability is settled.

• D. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised. At each balance sheet date, unrecognised and recognised deferred tax assets are reassessed.

• E. Current income tax assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the balance sheet when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset on the balance sheet when the entity has the legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and they are levied by the same taxation authority on either the same entity or different entities that intend to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

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(27) Share capital

• A. Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or stock options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds.

• B. Where the Company repurchases the Company’s equity share capital that has been issued, the consideration paid, including any directly attributable incremental costs (net of income taxes) is deducted from equity attributable to the Company’s equity holders. Where such shares are subsequently reissued, the difference between their book value and any consideration received, net of any directly attributable incremental transaction costs and the related income tax effects, is included in equity attributable to the Company’s equity holders.

(28) Dividends

Cash dividends are recorded as liabilities in the Company’s financial statements in the period in which they are resolved by the Company’s the Board of Directors. Stock dividends are recorded as stock dividends to be distributed after they are approved by the Company’s shareholders and are reclassified to ordinary shares on the effective date of new shares issuance.

(29) Revenue recognition

Sales of goods

• A. Sales are recognised when control of the products has transferred, being when the products are delivered to the customer, the customer has full discretion over the products, and there is no unfulfilled obligation that could affect the customer’s acceptance of the products.

• B. Revenue from these sales is recognised based on the price specified in the contract, net of the estimated output tax as well as sales returns and allowances, and revenue is only recognised to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal will not occur. The estimation is subject to an assessment at each reporting date. The credit terms for general sales are 2 months, for machinery equipment sales are based on the terms specified in the contracts, some of which are sold on installment over a period of 1 ~ 3 years, and for spare parts sales are 3 ~ 4 months.

• C. A receivable is recognised when the goods are delivered as this is the point in time that the consideration is unconditional because only the passage of time is required before the payment is due.

(30) Government grants

Government grants are recognised at their fair value only when there is reasonable assurance that the Group will comply with any conditions attached to the grants and the grants will be received. Government grants are recognised in profit or loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the Group recognises expenses for the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.

(31) Operating segments

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker. The Group’s chief operating decision maker, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments.

~31~

5. Critical Accounting Judgements, Estimates and Key Sources of Assumption Uncertainty

The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management to make critical judgements in applying the Group’s accounting policies and make critical assumptions and estimates concerning future events. Assumptions and estimates may differ from the actual results and are continually evaluated and adjusted based on historical experience and other factors. Such assumptions and estimates have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year; and the related information is addressed below:

(1) Critical judgements in applying the Group’s accounting policies

• None.

(2) Critical accounting estimates and assumptions

• Valuation of inventories

• A. As inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value, the Group must determine the net realisable value of inventories on balance sheet date using judgements and estimates. Due to the market demand and technology innovation, the Group evaluates the amounts of normal inventory consumption, obsolete inventories or inventories without market selling value on balance sheet date, and writes down the cost of inventories to the net realisable value. Such valuation of inventories is principally based on the demand for the products within the specified period in the future. Therefore, there might be material changes to the valuation.

• B. As of December 31, 2023, the carrying amount of inventories was $3,355,582.

6. Details Of Significant Accounts

(1) Cash and cash equivalents

tails Of Significant Accounts Cash and cash equivalents
Cash: Cash on hand Checking accounts Demand deposits Cash equivalents: Time deposits Short-term notes and bills	December31,2023 1,498 $ 227,096 567,461 796,055 1,696,967 59,914 1,756,881 2,552,936 $	December31,2022
		1,005 $ 107,114 992,024
		1,100,143
		1,336,407 -
		1,336,407
		2,436,550 $

• A. The Group transacts with a variety of financial institutions all with high credit quality to disperse credit risk, so it expects that the probability of counterparty default is remote.

• B. The Group’s time deposits maturing in excess of three months amounting to $298,027 as of December 31, 2023, were classified as financial assets at amortized cost - current. There were no such events as of December 31, 2022. The Group’s time deposits maturing in excess of one year amounting to $44,100 as of December 31, 2022, were classified as financial assets at amortized

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cost - non-current. There were no such events as of December 31, 2023.

• C. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Group’s demand deposits amounting to $8,967 and $11,775, respectively, were pledged to others as collateral (listed as ‘Other current financial assets’ and ‘Other non-current financial assets’). Details are provided in Note 8, ‘Pledged assets’.

• (2) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

Items Current items: Financial assets mandatorily measured at fair value through profit or loss Listed stocks Beneficiary certificates Valuation adjustment Non-current items: Financial assets mandatorily measured at fair value through profit or loss Listed stocks-private placement Right of resell of corporate bonds Valuation adjustment	December31,2023 December31,2022 170 $ 39,019 $ 3,000 13,000 3,170 52,019 7 1,608) ( 3,177 $ 50,411 $ 36,000 $ - $ 3,349 3,349 39,349 3,349 87,701 3,349) ( 127,050 $ - $

• A. The Group recognised net profit amounting to $121,029 and $57,349 (listed as ‘Other income’ and ‘Other gains and losses’) on financial assets at fair value through profit or loss for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

• B. In November 2023, the Company subscribed a total of 5,000 thousand shares of Ensure Global Corp., Ltd. through private placement, and the transfer of the private placement stock is restricted within three years.

• C. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Group had no financial assets at fair value through profit or loss pledged to others as collateral.

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(3) Notes and accounts receivable, net

Notes and accounts receivable, net
		December	31,2023		December	31,2022
Notes receivable		$	297,333		$	352,225
Installment notes receivable			29,571			71,609
			326,904			423,834
Less: Unrealised interest income	(		1,790)	(		3,267)
Allowance for uncollectible accounts	(		153)	(		268)
		$	324,961		$	420,299
Accounts receivable		$	1,516,634		$	1,689,191
Installment accounts receivable			6,621			148
			1,523,255			1,689,339
Less: Unrealised interest income			-	(		148)
Allowance for uncollectible accounts	(		26,664)	(		24,003)
		$	1,496,591		$	1,665,188

• A. The ageing analysis of notes receivable and accounts receivable that were past due but not impaired is as follows:

impaired is as follows:
Not past due Up to 30 days past due 31~90 days past due 91~180 days past due Over 181 days past due	December	Accounts receivable 1,341,740 $ 101,848 32,640 14,345 32,682 1,523,255 $ 31,2023	December	31, 2022
	Notes receivable 326,904 $ - - - - 326,904 $		Notes receivable 420,394 $ 2,131 1,309 - - 423,834 $	Accounts receivable
				1,461,430 $ 170,419 36,055 808 20,627
				1,689,339 $

The above ageing analysis was based on past due date.

• B. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, notes receivable and accounts receivable were all from contracts with customers. Also, as of January 1, 2022, the balance of receivables from contracts with customers amounted to $2,747,618.

• C. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the interest income (including installment notes receivable, installment accounts receivable and long-term notes and accounts receivable) recognised in profit or loss amounted to $3,893 and $7,960 (listed as ‘Interest income’), respectively.

• D. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Group did not hold any collateral as security for accounts receivable.

• E. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, without taking into account any collateral held or other credit enhancements, the maximum exposure to credit risk in respect of the amount that best represents the notes or accounts receivable held by the Group was their carrying amount.

~34~

• F. Information relating to credit risk of notes receivable and accounts receivable is provided in Note 12(2), ‘Financial instruments’.

• G. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Group had no notes receivable and accounts receivable pledged to others.

(4) Inventories

pledged to others. Inventories
Raw materials Supplies Work in progress Finished goods Raw materials Supplies Work in progress Finished goods	Allowance for inventory Cost valuation loss 505,753 $ 30,113) ($ 383,461 17,615) ( 1,008,426 39,178) ( 1,646,400 101,552) ( 3,544,040 $ 188,458) ($ December31,2023 Allowance for inventory Cost valuation loss 769,992 $ 33,338) ($ 408,366 15,568) ( 1,472,413 42,939) ( 1,536,046 97,384) ( 4,186,817 $ 189,229) ($ December31,2022	Bookvalue
		475,640 $ 365,846 969,248 1,544,848 3,355,582 $
		Bookvalue
		736,654 $ 392,798 1,429,474 1,438,662
		3,997,588 $

• A. The cost of inventories recognised as expense for the year:

			Forthe years ended	Forthe years ended	December31,
			2023		2022
Cost of goods sold		$	7,186,368	$	9,261,469
(Gain on reversal of) loss on decline	(		771)		42,381
in market value (Note)
Loss on scrapping inventory			-		1,747
Loss on physical inventory			2,883		724
Income from sales of scraps	(		46,903)	(	59,173)
		$	7,141,577	$	9,247,148

(Note) The Group reversed a previous inventory write-down which was accounted for as reduction of cost of goods sold in 2023 because certain inventories which were previously provided with allowance for decline in value were subsequently sold or scrapped.

• B. Details of the Group’s inventories pledged to others as collateral as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are provided in Note 8, ‘Pledged assets’.

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(5) Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income – non-current

Items		December31,2023	December31,2022
Equity instruments
Listed stocks		883,598 $	606,462 $
Unlisted stocks		772	772
		884,370	607,234
Valuation adjustment	(	203,059)	167,985) (
		681,311 $	439,249 $
A. The Group has elected to classify equity investments that are considered to be steady dividend
income as financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income. The fair value of
such investments amounted to $681,311 and	$439,249 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022,
respectively.
B. In order to meet the needs of capital expenditure,		the Company sold its	financial assets at fair
value through other comprehensive income - equity instrument at fair values of $86,392 and
$100,773 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and accumulated gains on disposal of
$73,130 and $84,868, respectively, which were	reclassified from other equity interest to retained
earnings.
C. Amounts recognised in profit or loss and other comprehensive income in relation to the financial
assets at fair value through other comprehensive income are listed below:
		For the years ended December 31,
		2023	2022
Fair value change recognised in other
comprehensive income
(listed as ‘Other equity’)		38,056 $	89,882) ($
Cumulative gains reclassified to retained
earnings due to derecognition		73,130 $	84,868 $
Dividend income recognised in profit or loss
(listed as ‘Other income’)		5,261 $	15,189 $

• D. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, without taking into account any collateral held or other credit enhancements, the maximum exposure to credit risk in respect of the amount that best represents the financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income held by the Group was the carrying amount.

• E. Information relating to credit risk of non-current financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income is provided in Note 12(2), ‘Financial instruments’.

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(6) Property, plant and equipment

January 1, 2023 Cost Accumulated depreciation Accumulated impairment 2023 At January 1 Additions Transfers after acceptance Transfers from inventories Transfers from prepayments for equipment Depreciation charge Disposals - Cost - Accumulated depreciation Net exchange differences At December 31 December 31, 2023 Cost Accumulated depreciation Accumulated impairment	Equipment under acceptance and Machinery and Utilities Transportation Office Other construction in Land Buildings equipment equipment equipment equipment equipment progress Total 1,573,597 $ 1,951,356 $ 4,522,990 $ 89,494 $ 93,331 $ 122,331 $ 712,327 $ 1,695 $ 9,067,121 $ - 1,468,433) ( 3,742,346) ( 70,666) ( 75,981) ( 85,179) ( 568,679) ( - 6,011,284) ( - - 42) ( - - - - - 42) ( 1,573,597 $ 482,923 $ 780,602 $ 18,828 $ 17,350 $ 37,152 $ 143,648 $ 1,695 $ 3,055,795 $ 1,573,597 $ 482,923 $ 780,602 $ 18,828 $ 17,350 $ 37,152 $ 143,648 $ 1,695 $ 3,055,795 $ - 6,365 31,490 1,162 5,919 3,315 4,441 7,761 60,453 - 707 19,983 - - - 266 20,956) ( - - - - - - - 15,995 15,995 - - 4,022 206 2,219 216 2,143 4,930 13,736 - 46,201) ( 159,472) ( 3,907) ( 7,949) ( 5,742) ( 36,360) ( - 259,631) ( - 835) ( 19,056) ( 25) ( 4,518) ( 18,401) ( 20,106) ( - 62,941) ( - 835 18,980 25 4,199 18,369 19,727 - 62,135 - 2,213) ( 1,315) ( - 1,517) ( 89) ( 1,069) ( - 6,203) ( 1,573,597 $ 441,581 $ 675,234 $ 16,289 $ 15,703 $ 34,820 $ 112,690 $ 9,425 $ 2,879,339 $ 1,573,597 $ 1,946,335 $ 4,548,341 $ 90,837 $ 95,088 $ 105,806 $ 691,193 $ 9,425 $ 9,060,622 $ - 1,504,754) ( 3,873,065) ( 74,548) ( 79,385) ( 70,986) ( 578,503) ( - 6,181,241) ( - - 42) ( - - - - - 42) ( 1,573,597 $ 441,581 $ 675,234 $ 16,289 $ 15,703 $ 34,820 $ 112,690 $ 9,425 $ 2,879,339 $	Total
		2,879,339 $

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January 1, 2022 Cost Accumulated depreciation Accumulated impairment 2022 At January 1 Additions Transfers after acceptance Transfers from inventories Transfers from prepayments for equipment Depreciation charge Disposals - Cost - Accumulated depreciation Reclassification (Note) Net exchange differences At December 31 December 31, 2022 Cost Accumulated depreciation Accumulated impairment	Equipment under acceptance and Machinery and Utilities Transportation Office Other construction in Land Buildings equipment equipment equipment equipment equipment progress Total 1,573,597 $ 1,932,235 $ 4,431,854 $ 94,858 $ 99,541 $ 120,228 $ 662,581 $ 34,639 $ 8,949,533 $ - 1,413,090) ( 3,666,184) ( 72,436) ( 76,989) ( 104,335) ( 525,896) ( - 5,858,930) ( - - 42) ( - - - - - 42) ( 1,573,597 $ 519,145 $ 765,628 $ 22,422 $ 22,552 $ 15,893 $ 136,685 $ 34,639 $ 3,090,561 $ 1,573,597 $ 519,145 $ 765,628 $ 22,422 $ 22,552 $ 15,893 $ 136,685 $ 34,639 $ 3,090,561 $ - 10,851 94,883 238 3,307 28,868 14,318 15,535 168,000 - 890 34,887 - - - 22,209 57,986) ( - - - 15,495 - - - - - 15,495 - 441 14,700 - - 23 7,994 9,945 33,103 - 49,754) ( 144,823) ( 3,830) ( 7,909) ( 6,837) ( 40,236) ( - 253,389) ( - 8,124) ( 52,798) ( 5,600) ( 9,970) ( 27,311) ( 2,026) ( - 105,829) ( - 7,017 48,849 5,600 9,204 26,424 2,791 - 99,885 - - - - - - - 458) ( 458) ( - 2,457 3,781 2) ( 166 92 1,913 20 8,427 1,573,597 $ 482,923 $ 780,602 $ 18,828 $ 17,350 $ 37,152 $ 143,648 $ 1,695 $ 3,055,795 $ 1,573,597 $ 1,951,356 $ 4,522,990 $ 89,494 $ 93,331 $ 122,331 $ 712,327 $ 1,695 $ 9,067,121 $ - 1,468,433) ( 3,742,346) ( 70,666) ( 75,981) ( 85,179) ( 568,679) ( - 6,011,284) ( - - 42) ( - - - - - 42) ( 1,573,597 $ 482,923 $ 780,602 $ 18,828 $ 17,350 $ 37,152 $ 143,648 $ 1,695 $ 3,055,795 $	Total

(Note)Transferred to ‘Other non-current assets’.

~38~

• A. The Group’s property, plant and equipment as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are for its own use.

• B. No interest expense was capitalised in property, plant and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

• C. Impairment information about the property, plant and equipment is provided in Note 6(10), ‘Impairment of non-financial assets’.

• D. Information about the property, plant and equipment that were pledged to others as collateral as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 is provided in Note 8. ‘Pledged assets’.

• －

• (7) Lease transactions lessee

• A. The Group leases various assets including land (including the land located in Dayong Section, Gangshan District, Kaohsiung City and the land use right in Songmushan management area, Dalang Town, Dongguan City and Baihe Town, Shanghai City under the contracts signed with the People’s Republic of China), buildings, and business vehicles. Rental contracts are typically made for periods of 1 to 50 year(s). Lease terms are negotiated on an individual basis and contain a wide range of different terms and conditions. The lease agreements do not impose covenants.

• B. The carrying amount of right-of-use assets and the depreciation charge are as follows:

Land Buildings and structures Transportation equipment Land Buildings and structures Transportation equipment	December31,2023 December31,2022 Carrying amount Carrying amount 92,685 $ 99,707 $ 30,312 37,417 71 285 123,068 $ 137,409 $ For the years ended December 31,	December31,2022
		Carrying amount
		99,707 $ 37,417 285
		137,409 $
	2023 Depreciationcharge 5,625 $ 26,446 214 32,285 $	2022
		Depreciation charge
		5,620 $ 22,280 455
		28,355 $

• C. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the additions to right-of-use assets were $20,058 and $40,133, respectively.

• D. Information on profit or loss in relation to lease contracts is as follows:

Items affecting profit or loss Interest expense on lease liabilities Expense on short-term leases Losses from lease modification	For theyears ended December31,	For theyears ended December31,
	2023 1,848 $ 7,965 -	2022
		1,809 $ 10,186 182

~39~

• E. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Group’s total cash outflow for leases were $36,642 and $37,021, respectively.

• F. Details of the Group’s right-of-use assets pledged to others as collateral as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are provided in Note 8, ‘Pledged assets’.

(8) Intangible assets

Intangible assets
			Computer	software
			Forthe years endedDecember31,
			2023			2022
At January 1
Cost		$	25,343		$	24,489
Accumulated amortisation	(		18,000)	(		16,634)
		$	7,343		$	7,855
Period from January to December
At January 1		$	7,343		$	7,855
Additions - acquired separately			3,911			2,926
Transfers from prepayments for equipment			-			275
Amortisation charge	(		3,470)	(		3,784)
Write-offs - cost	(		4,554)	(		2,653)
- accumulated amortisation			4,554			2,653
Net exchange differences	(		37)			71
At December 31		$	7,747		$	7,343
At December 31
Cost		$	24,436		$	25,343
Accumulated amortisation	(		16,689)	(		18,000)
		$	7,747		$	7,343
A. No interest expense was capitalised for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
B. Details of amortisation expenses on intangible assets are as follows:
			Forthe years endedDecember31,
			2023			2022
Operating costs		$	641		$	428
Selling expenses			285			436
General and administrative expenses			1,629			1,637
Research and development expenses			915			1,283
		$	3,470		$	3,784

• C. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Group had no intangible assets pledged to others.

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(9) Long-term notes and accounts receivable

December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 - Long-term notes receivable $ $ 4,180 Less: Unrealised interest income - ( 863) $ - $ 3,317

• A. The Group’s long-term accounts receivable are fully performing in line with the credit standards prescribed based on counterparties’ industrial characteristics, scale of business and profitability.

• B. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Group had no long-term notes receivable and long-term installment receivables past due.

• C. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, long-term notes and accounts receivable were all from contracts with customers. Also, as of January 1, 2022, the balance of long-term notes and accounts receivable from contracts with customers amounted to $17,827.

• D. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, without taking into account any collateral held or other credit enhancements, the maximum exposure to credit risk in respect of the amount that best represents the long-term notes receivable and long-term installment receivables held by the Group was their carrying amount.

• E. Details of the interest income recognised in profit or loss for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are provided in Note 6(3), ‘Notes and accounts receivable, net’.

• F. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Group did not hold any collateral as security for longterm accounts receivable.

• G. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Group had no long-term notes and accounts receivable pledged to others.

• H. Information relating to credit risk of long-term notes and accounts receivable is provided in Note 12(2), ‘Financial instruments’.

• (10) Impairment of non-financial assets

• A. The Group did not recognise impairment loss for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

• B. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the accumulated impairment loss of property, plant and equipment both amounted to $42, after recognising or reversing any impairment loss.

• (11) Short-term borrowings

Short-term borrowings
Type of borrowings Bank borrowings Unsecured borrowings Secured borrowings	December31,2023 319,786 $ 158,400 478,186 $	Interest rate range 1.73%~6.79% 7.50%~8.50%	Collateral
			No Note

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Type of borrowings December31,2022 Bank borrowings Unsecured borrowings 572,946 $ Secured borrowings 207,900 780,846 $	Interest rate range 1.56%～5.63% 9.00%	Collateral No Note

• (Note) Details of the collateral provided for bonds payable are provided in Note 8, ‘Pledged assets’.

• A. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the interest rate of loans from Indonesia were 7.50%~8.50% and 9.00%, respectively, and the interest rates of loans from other countries were 1.73%~6.79% and 1.56%~5.63%, respectively .

• B. Details of interest expense recognised in profit or loss for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are provided in Note 6(24), ‘Finance Costs’.

(12) Bonds payable

and 2022 are provided in Note 6(24), ‘Finance Costs’. Bonds payable
December 31, 2023 December31,2022 Guaranteed ordinary bonds payable 3,000,000 $ 3,000,000 $ Guaranteed convertible bonds payable 1,600,000 1,600,000 4,600,000 $ 4,600,000 $ Less: Discount on bonds payable 21,442) ( 36,395) ( 4,578,558 $ 4,563,605 $	Collateral
	Note "

• (Note) Details of the collateral provided for bonds payable are provided in Note 8, ‘Pledged assets’.

• A. The Company issued the first domestic guaranteed bonds payable from October 2021, and the main issuance conditions are as follows:

• (a) The Company was approved by the competent authority to raise and issue the first domestic guaranteed bonds with a total amount of $3,000,000 (related issue costs of $5,650), with a coupon rate of 0.65% and a maturity period of 7 years from October 15, 2021 to October 15, 2028. The bonds are repayable in cash at the face value of the bonds upon maturity.

• (b) First Commercial Bank Co., Ltd. was appointed as the guarantor bank for the bonds. The guarantee period is from the date of full collection of the bonds to the date of full payment of the principal and interest payable under the Plan, and the guarantee covers the outstanding principal and interest compensation payable under the Plan, which are subordinate to the principal debt.

• (c) The principal and simple interest will be paid every year by coupon rate since the day approved to issue. If the local financial institutions are closed on a payment day, the principal and interest will be paid on the next operating day without extra interest.

• B. The Company issued the first, second and third domestic guaranteed convertible bonds from March 2022, and the main issuance conditions are as follows:

• (a) The Company was approved by the competent authority to raise and issue the first, second and third domestic guaranteed convertible bonds with a total amount of $700,000 (related issue costs of $2,432), $500,000 (related issue costs of $2,006), $400,000 (related issue costs

~42~

of $1,417), respectively. Issuance prices were $779,162, $557,563 and $445,004, respectively with a coupon rate of 0% and a maturity period of 3 years from March 25, 2022 to March 25, 2025. The bonds are repayable in cash at the face value of the convertible bonds upon maturity.

• (b) The first, second and third convertible bonds were entrusted by Changhua Bank Co., Ltd., Huanan Bank Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Commercial Savings Bank Co., Ltd. as guarantor banks, respectively. The guarantee period is from the date of full collection of the convertible bonds to the date of full payment of the principal and interest payable under the Plan, and the guarantee covers the outstanding principal and interest compensation payable under the Plan, which are subordinate to the principal debt.

• (c) Convertible bonds for bondholders will start from the day following the expiration of three months after the issuance date of each bond (June 26, 2022) and end on the maturity date (March 25, 2025), unless it is suspended according to regulations or laws. Outside the transfer period, the Company may request the conversion of the bonds into ordinary shares of the Company at any time, and the rights of ordinary shares after conversion are the same as those of the original issued ordinary shares.

• (d) The conversion price for the conversion of corporate bonds is determined by the pricing model stipulated in each conversion method. In the event that the company has an antidilution clause in the subsequent conversion price, it will be adjusted according to the pricing model specified in the conversion method. On the base date, the conversion price will be redetermined in accordance with the pricing model stipulated in the conversion regulations. If it is higher than the conversion price before the re-determination in the current year, no adjustment will be made.

• (e) From the day following the three-month issuance date of each convertible bond (June 26, 2022) to the 40th day of the issuance period (February 13, 2025), if the closing price of the Company’s ordinary shares for 30 consecutive business days exceeds the current conversion price by more than 30%, the Company may, within the next 30 business days, recover all its bonds in cash according to the denomination of the bonds; or the day following the 3 months after the issuance of the convertible bonds (Jane 26, 2022) from the 40th day to the expiry of the issuance period (February 13, 2025), when the outstanding amount of the convertible bonds in circulation is less than 10% of the original issuance amount, the Company may recover all bonds in cash at any time thereafter according to the denomination of the bonds.

~43~

• (f) According to the provisions of the conversion method, all the company’s convertible bonds that have been redeemed (including the repurchase by the business office of the securities firm), repaid or converted will be cancelled, and all rights and obligations still attached to the corporate bonds will also be extinguished and no longer issued.

• C. When the Company issues convertible corporate bonds, in accordance with the provisions of Amendments to IAS 32, "Financial Instruments: Presentation", the conversion right which is of the nature of equity is separated from each liability component, and the account is "Capital reserve-share options" of $221,790. Another embedded repurchase option, in accordance with Amendments to IFRS 9, "Financial Instruments", is separated and accounted for on a net basis because it is not closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of the main contract debt commodity. In the column "Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss – noncurrent", the effective interest rates of the main contract debt after the first, second and third convertible corporate bonds are separated are 0.90%, 0.90% and 0.91%, respectively.

• D. Details of interest expense recognised in profit or loss for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is provided in Note 6 (24), Finance costs.

(13) Provisions for liabilities - current

Provisions for liabilities-current
			Warranty
			For the years ended December 31,
			2023			2022
January 1		$	6,265		$	8,275
Additional provisions			7,075			3,194
Used during the year	(		6,874)	(		4,612)
Unused amounts reversed	(		65)	(		592)
December 31		$	6,401		$	6,265

The Group provides warranties on machinery products sold. Provision for warranty is estimated based on historical warranty data of such products.

- (14) Long term borrowings

Long-term borrowings
Type ofborrowings	Borrowing period	Interest raterange	Collateral December31,2023 Refer to Note 8 29,706 $ 6,583) ( 23,123 $
Long-term bank borrowings Secured borrowings Less: Current portion	2022.5.15～ 2029.6.15	1.55%

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Type ofborrowings Long-term bank borrowings Secured borrowings Less: Current portion	Borrowing period 2019.8.28～ 2029.6.15	Interest raterange 1.43%～2.28%	Collateral December31,2022 Refer to Note 8 39,036 $ 16,121) ( 22,915 $

Details of interest expense recognised in profit or loss for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are provided in Note 6(24), ‘Finance costs’.

(15) Pensions

• A. The Company and its domestic subsidiaries have a defined benefit pension plan in accordance with the R.O.C. Labor Standards Act, covering all regular employees’ service years prior to the enforcement of the R.O.C. Labor Pension Act on July 1, 2005 and service years thereafter of employees who chose to continue to be subject to the pension mechanism under the R.O.C. Labor Pension Act. Under the defined benefit pension plan, two units are accrued for each year of service for the first 15 years and one unit for each additional year thereafter, subject to a maximum of 45 units. Pension benefits are based on the number of units accrued and the average monthly salaries and wages of the last 6 months prior to retirement. The Company and its domestic subsidiaries contribute monthly an amount equal to 4% of the employees’ monthly salaries and wages to the retirement fund deposited with Bank of Taiwan, the trustee, under the name of the independent retirement fund committee. Also, the Company and its domestic subsidiaries would assess the balance in the aforementioned labor pension reserve account by the end of December 31, every year. If the account balance is insufficient to pay the pension calculated by the aforementioned method to the employees expected to qualify for retirement in the following year, the Company and its domestic subsidiaries will make contributions for the deficit by next March. The information on defined benefit pension plans of the Company and its subsidiary, Pt Moon Lion Industries Indonesia, is as follows:

• (a) The amounts recognised in the balance sheet are as follows:

	December	31,2023	December	31,2022
Present value of defined benefit obligation	($	234,882)	($	283,870)
Fair value of plan assets		136,102		167,007
Net defined benefit liability	($	98,780)	($	116,863)

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(b) Movements in net defined benefit liabilities - non-current are as follows:

		Present value of	Present value of			Fair value
		defined benefit				of plan			Net defined
2023			obligation			assets		benefit liability
Balance at January 1	($		283,870)		$	167,007	($		116,863)
Current service cost	(		5,814)			-	(		5,814)
Interest (expense) income	(		8,290)			2,525	(		5,765)
	(		297,974)			169,532	(		128,442)
Remeasurements:
Return on plan assets			-			868			868
(excluding amounts included in
interest income or expense)
Changes in financial assumptions	(		626)			-	(		626)
Experience adjustments			6,513			-			6,513
			5,887			868			6,755
Pension fund contribution			-			1,958			1,958
Paid pension			57,030	(		36,256)			20,774
Exchange difference			175			-			175
Balance at December 31	($		234,882)		$	136,102	($		98,780)
		Present value of				Fair value
		defined benefit				of plan			Net defined
2022			obligation			assets		benefit liability
Balance at January 1	($		332,981)		$	162,756	($		170,225)
Current service cost	(		6,644)			-	(		6,644)
Interest (expense) income	(		5,459)			817	(		4,642)
	(		345,084)			163,573	(		181,511)
Remeasurements:
Return on plan assets			-			13,453			13,453
(excluding amounts included in
interest income or expense)
Changes in financial assumptions			26,630			-			26,630
Experience adjustments			2,551			-			2,551
			29,181			13,453			42,634
Pension fund contribution			-			2,653			2,653
Paid pension			31,640	(		12,672)			18,968
Exchange difference			393			-			393
Balance at December 31	($		283,870)		$	167,007	($		116,863)

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• (c) The Bank of Taiwan was commissioned to manage the Fund of the Company’s and domestic subsidiaries’ defined benefit pension plan in accordance with the Fund’s annual investment and utilisation plan and the “Regulations for Revenues, Expenditures, Safeguard and Utilisation of the Labor Retirement Fund” (Article 6: The scope of utilisation for the Fund includes deposit in domestic or foreign financial institutions, investment in domestic or foreign listed, over-the-counter, or private placement equity securities, investment in domestic or foreign real estate securitisation products, etc.). With regard to the utilisation of the Fund, its minimum earnings in the annual distributions on the final financial statements shall be no less than the earnings attainable from the amounts accrued from two-year time deposits with the interest rates offered by local banks. If the earnings is less than aforementioned rates, government shall make payment for the deficit after being authorised by the Regulator. The Company and domestic subsidiaries have no right to participate in managing and operating that fund and hence the Company and domestic subsidiaries are unable to disclose the classification of plan assets fair value in accordance with IAS 19 paragraph 142. The composition of fair value of plan assets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 is given in the Annual Labor Retirement Fund Utilisation Report announced by the government.

• (d) The principal actuarial assumptions used were as follows:

government. The principal actuarial assumptions used were	as follows:
Discount rate Future salary increases	Forthe years endedDecember31,
	2023 2022 1.25%～7.10% 1.50%～7.43% 1.75%～5.00% 1.75%～5.00%

Future mortality rate was estimated based on the 6th Taiwan Standard Ordinary Experience Mortality Table for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Because the main actuarial assumption changed, the present value of defined benefit obligation is affected. The analysis was as follows:

		Discountrate	Discountrate			Future salary	increase	rate
	Increase	0.25%	Decrease	0.25%	Increase 0.25%		Decrease 0.25%
December 31, 2023
Effect on present value of
defined benefit obligation	($	4,683)	$	3,795	$	3,719	($	4,638)
December 31, 2022
Effect on present value of
defined benefit obligation	($	5,171)	$	5,391	$	5,288	($	5,108)

The sensitivity analysis above is based on one assumption which changed while the other conditions remain unchanged. In practice, more than one assumption may change all at once. The method of analysing sensitivity and the method of calculating net pension liability in the balance sheet are the same.

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The methods and types of assumptions used in preparing the sensitivity analysis did not change compared to the previous period.

• (e) Expected contributions to the defined benefit pension plans of the Group for the following year amount to $2,001.

• (f) As of December 31, 2023, the weighted average duration of the retirement plan is 6.5~10.2 years. The analysis of timing of the future pension payment was as follows:

Next	1 year	$	17,594
Next	2 ~ 5 years		84,552
Over	next 6 years		302,708
		$	404,854

• C. Effective July 1, 2005, the Company and its domestic subsidiaries have established a defined contribution pension plan (the “New Plan”) under the R.O.C. Labor Pension Act (the “Act”), covering all regular employees with R.O.C. nationality. Under the New Plan, the Company and its domestic subsidiaries contribute monthly an amount based on 6% of the employees’ monthly salaries and wages to the employees’ individual pension accounts at the Bureau of Labor Insurance. The benefits accrued are paid monthly or in lump sum upon termination of employment. The Group’s mainland China subsidiaries have a defined contribution plan. Monthly contributions to an independent fund administered by the government in accordance with the pension regulations in the People’s Republic of China are based on certain percentage of employees’ monthly salaries and wages. The fund is managed by the government. Other than the monthly contributions, the subsidiaries have no further obligations. The pension costs under the defined contribution pension plans of the Group were $52,220 and $57,326 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(16) Share capital

• A. Movements in the number of the Company’s ordinary shares outstanding are as follows (Unit: Shares in thousands):

Shares in thousands):
Number of shares at the beginning of the year Stock dividend Number of shares at the end of the year	For theyears ended December31,
	2023 302,163 - 302,163	2022
		287,774 14,389
		302,163

• B. On June 22, 2022, the Company increased its capital by issuing new shares through capitalization of unappropriated retained earnings of $143,887 as resolved by the shareholders. The issuance of new shares was approved by the Securities and Futures Bureau, Financial Supervisory Commission. The effective date was set on September 17, 2022.

• C. As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s authorised capital was $3,920,696, and the paid-in capital was $3,021,627, consisting of 302,163 thousand ordinary shares, with a par value of $10 (in dollars) per share which were issued in several installments. All proceeds from shares issued

~48~

have been collected.

• D. Treasury shares

• (a) Reason for share reacquisition and movements in the number of the Company’s treasury shares are as follows (Unit: Shares in thousands):

Number of shares at the beginning Reason for reacquisition of the year Addition Decrease Acquisition of the parent company’s shares by subsidiaries 23,430 - - For the year ended December 31, 2023 Number of shares at the beginning Reason for reacquisition ofthe year Addition Decrease Acquisition of the parent company’s shares by subsidiaries 22,314 1,116 - For the year ended December 31, 2022	Number of shares at the end of the year
	23,430
	Number of shares at the end ofthe year
	23,430

• (b) As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the book value (cost) was both $267,195, and the fair value were $591,612 and $562,324, respectively. The shares of the Company held by the subsidiaries are recognised as treasury shares and are entitled to dividends, recorded under "Capital reserve-treasury stock transaction". The cash dividends and stock dividends paid to －

• the subsidiaries amounted to $23,430 and $ , $34,030 and $ 11,157 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

• (c) Reason for share reacquisition and the number of the Company’s treasury shares changed as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. Details are as follows:

~49~

December 31, 2023

==> picture [443 x 171] intentionally omitted <==

----- Start of picture text -----

Name of company Reason for Number of shares Carrying
holding the shares reacquisition (in thousands) amount
Chun Yu Investment Acquisition of the parent
Co., Ltd. company’s shares by
subsidiaries 23,430 $ 267,195
December 31, 2022
Name of company Reason for Number of shares Carrying
holding the shares reacquisition (in thousands) amount
Chun Yu Investment Acquisition of the parent
Co., Ltd. company’s shares by
subsidiaries 23,430 $ 267,195
----- End of picture text -----

(17) Capital surplus

A. Pursuant to the R.O.C. Company Act, capital surplus arising from paid-in capital in excess of par value on issuance of common stocks and donations can be used to cover accumulated deficit or to issue new stocks or cash to shareholders in proportion to their share ownership, provided that the Company has no accumulated deficit. Further, the R.O.C. Securities and Exchange Act requires that the amount of capital surplus to be capitalised mentioned above should not exceed 10% of the paid-in capital each year. However, capital surplus should not be used to cover accumulated deficit unless the legal reserve is insufficient. Movements in capital surplus are as follows:

follows:
For the year ended December 31, 2023 Balance at the beginning of year Transfers to capital surplus for the Company’s dividends received by subsidiaries Balance at the end of year For the year ended December31,2022 Balance at the beginning of year Issued convertible bonds Transfers to capital surplus for the Company’s dividends received by subsidiaries Balance at the end of year	Difference between consideration and carrying amount of subsidiaries Share options acquired or disposed 221,790 $ 26,901 $ - - 221,790 $ 26,901 $ Difference between consideration and carrying amount of subsidiaries Share options acquired or disposed - $ 26,901 $ 221,790 - - - 221,790 $ 26,901 $	Treasury share transactions 229,232 $ 23,430 252,662 $ Treasury share transactions 195,202 $ - 34,030 229,232 $	Total
			477,923 $ 23,430
			501,353 $
			Total
			222,103 $ 221,790 34,030
			477,923 $

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• B. Details of ‘Capital reserve-share options’ are provided in Note 6(12), ‘Bonds payable’.

• C. Details of ‘Capital reserve-treasury share transactions’ are provided in Note 6(16), ‘Share capital’.

• (18) Retained earnings

• A. Except for covering accumulated deficit or issuing new stocks or cash to shareholders in proportion to their share ownership, the legal reserve shall not be used for any other purpose. The use of legal reserve for the issuance of stocks or cash to shareholders in proportion to their share ownership is permitted, provided that the distribution of the reserve is limited to the portion in excess of 25% of the Company’s paid-in capital.

• B. Under the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, the Company may distribute earnings or offset losses at the end of each half fiscal year in accordance with the Company Act. When distributing earnings, the Company shall estimate and reserve for taxes payable, offset losses and set aside as legal reserve until the legal reserve equals the paid-in capital in accordance with the regulations. Where dividends are distributed in the form of cash, it shall be approved by the Board of Directors. Where dividends are distributed by issuing new shares, it shall be approved by the stockholders in accordance with the regulations.

  • The current year’s earnings, if any, shall first be used to pay all taxes, offset prior years’ operating losses, set aside 10% of the remaining amount as legal reserve and then reverse or set aside as special reserve in accordance with relevant regulations. The remaining earnings along with accumulated unappropriated earnings from prior years will be the accumulated distributable earnings, and the Board of Directors will present a proposal of the earnings distribution for the approval of the shareholders. Where dividends and bonus, capital surplus and legal reserve, in whole or in part, are distributed in the form of cash, the Board of Directors is authorised make the distribution by approval of more than half of the directors present at the meeting, where more than two-thirds of the directors are present, and the report of such distribution shall be submitted to the shareholders’ meeting. The regulation in relation to approval from the shareholders is not applicable. In principal, at least 50% of earnings, after considering the capital needs for current and future development and the interest of shareholders, shall be distributed as dividends according to the dividend policy. However, if there is a need due to changes in the industry’s environment or operational plans, the Board of Directors may present a proposal to adjust the ratio for the approval of the shareholders.

• C. Special reserve:

  • (a) In accordance with the regulations, the Company shall set aside special reserve from the debit balance on other equity items at the balance sheet date before distributing earnings. When debit balance on other equity items is reversed subsequently, the reversed amount could be included in the distributable earnings.

  • (b) The amount of $430,610 previously set aside by the Company as special reserve on initial application of IFRSs in accordance with Order No. Financial-Supervisory-Securities-

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Corporate-1090150022, dated March 31, 2021, shall be reversed proportionately when the relevant assets are used, disposed of or reclassified subsequently.

• D. The Company recognised cash dividends and stock dividends distributed to owners amounting －

• to $302,163 and $ , $438,885 and $143,887 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. It includes cash dividends of $302,163 ($1.0 (in dollars) per share) in the second half of 2022 earnings, cash dividends of $151,081 ($0.5 (in dollars) per share) in the first half of 2022 earnings; cash dividends of $287,774 ($1.0 (in dollars) per share) and stock dividends of $143,887 ($0.5 (in dollars) per share) in the second half of 2021 earnings. On March 7, 2024, the Board of Directors proposed for the distribution of cash dividends from 2023 earnings amounting to $274,968 ($0.91 (in dollars) per share).

(19) Other equity

For the year ended December 31, 2023

(20)

Operating revenue Unrealised Currency gains (losses) translation on valuation Total At January 1 163,091) ($ 167,985) ($ 331,076) ($ Revaluation - currency translation 28,490) ( - 28,490) ( Revaluation - unrealised gains on valuation - 38,056 38,056 Valuation adjustment transfer out to retained earnings - 73,130) ( 73,130) ( At December 31 191,581) ($ 203,059) ($ 394,640) ($ Unrealised Currency gains (losses) translation onvaluation Total At January 1 214,721) ($ 6,765 $ 207,956) ($ Revaluation - currency translation 51,630 - 51,630 Revaluation - unrealised losses on valuation - 89,882) ( 89,882) ( Valuation adjustment transfer out to retained earnings - 84,868) ( 84,868) ( At December 31 163,091) ($ 167,985) ($ 331,076) ($ Forthe yearendedDecember31,2022 2023 2022 Revenue from contracts with customers 8,460,641 $ 11,049,641 $ For theyears ended December31,

• A. Disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers

The Group derives revenue from the transfer of goods at a point in time in the following major

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product lines:

product lines:
Major product lines Screws and nuts Wire rods Machinery and equipment Billet Others Major product lines Screws and nuts Wire rods Machinery and equipment Billet Others	Screw segment Machinery segment Total 5,147,344 $ - $ 5,147,344 $ 1,994,478 - 1,994,478 - 1,005,270 1,005,270 29,902 - 29,902 185,040 98,607 283,647 7,356,764 $ 1,103,877 $ 8,460,641 $ Screw segment Machinery segment Total 5,905,324 $ - $ 5,905,324 $ 2,988,455 - 2,988,455 - 1,083,791 1,083,791 688,600 - 688,600 300,045 83,426 383,471 9,882,424 $ 1,167,217 $ 11,049,641 $ For theyear ended December31,2023 Forthe yearendedDecember31,2022
		5,905,324 $ 2,988,455 1,083,791 688,600 383,471 11,049,641 $

B. Contract liabilities:

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company has recognised revenue-related contract liabilities of $481,924 and $470,653, respectively. As of January 1, 2023, the contract liabilities amounted to $407,343. Revenue recognised for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, which was included in the contract liabilities at the beginning of the year, amounted to $393,211 and $308,191, respectively.

(21) Interest income

and $308,191, respectively. Interest income
Other income Interest income from bank deposits Other interest Rent income Dividend income Government grants Other income	For theyears ended December31,
	2023 2022 29,636 $ 7,510 $ 6,839 8,465 36,475 $ 15,975 $ Forthe years endedDecember31,	2022
		7,510 $ 8,465
		15,975 $
	2023 1,983 $ 7,688 1,536 21,093 32,300 $	2022
		2,694 $ 17,827 1,114 21,000
		42,635 $

(22) Other income

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(23) Other gains and losses

Other gains and losses
			Forthe years ended		December31,
			2023		2022
Gains on financial assets at fair value		$	120,350	$	58,072
through profit or loss
Gains (losses) on disposal of property, plant			587	(	2,045)
and equipment
Net foreign exchange (losses) gains	(		3,450)		26,744
Losses from lease modification			-	(	182)
Miscellaneous disbursements	(		1,532)	(	2,206)
		$	115,955	$	80,383

(24) Finance costs

Finance costs
Interest expense: Bank borrowings Ordinary bonds payable Convertible bonds payable Interest on lease liabilities	For the years ended December 31,
	2023 42,568 $ 47,709 29,339 1,848 121,464 $	2022
		48,454 $ 48,560 22,708 1,809
		121,531 $

(25) Expenses by nature

Expenses by nature
Employee benefit expense Depreciation Amortisation Employee benefit expense Depreciation Amortisation	Forthe yearendedDecember31,2023
	Operatingcosts Operatingexpenses Total 771,875 $ 420,445 $ 1,192,320 $ 231,242 60,674 291,916 641 2,829 3,470 1,003,758 $ 483,948 $ 1,487,706 $ For the year ended December 31, 2022		Total
			1,192,320 $ 291,916 3,470
			1,487,706 $
	Operatingcosts 910,802 $ 221,677 428 1,132,907 $	Operatingexpenses 394,819 $ 60,067 3,356 458,242 $	Total
			1,305,621 $ 281,744 3,784
			1,591,149 $

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(26) Employee benefit expense

Employee benefit expense
Wages and salaries Labour and health insurance fees Pension costs Other personnel expenses Wages and salaries Labour and health insurance fees Pension costs Other personnel expenses	Operating costs Operating expenses Total 644,089 $ 357,569 $ 1,001,658 $ 59,674 21,874 81,548 43,022 20,777 63,799 25,090 20,225 45,315 771,875 $ 420,445 $ 1,192,320 $ Operating costs Operatingexpenses Total 773,648 $ 332,418 $ 1,106,066 $ 59,020 23,068 82,088 49,358 19,254 68,612 28,776 20,079 48,855 910,802 $ 394,819 $ 1,305,621 $ Forthe yearendedDecember31,2023 Forthe yearendedDecember31,2022
		1,106,066 $ 82,088 68,612 48,855
		1,305,621 $

• A. Under the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, the current year’s earnings, if any, shall be distributed as employees’ compensation and directors’ remuneration. The ratio shall be 2% for employees’ compensation and shall not be higher than 2% for directors’ remuneration. However, if the Company has accumulated deficit, the earnings shall be reserved to offset losses.

• B. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, employees’ compensation were accrued at $6,095 and $13,100, respectively; while directors’ remuneration were accrued at $6,085 and $13,100, respectively. The employees’ compensation and directors’ remuneration resolved by the Board of Directors on March 9, 2022 were both $13,100, and the employees’ compensation will be distributed in the form of cash, consistent with the amount recognised on the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022. The aforementioned amounts were recognised in salary expenses and were accrued based on the earnings of current year and the percentage prescribed by the Company’s Articles of Incorporation. The employees’ compensation and directors’ remuneration resolved by the Board of Directors on March 7, 2024 were $6,095 and 6,085, respectively.

• Information about employees’ compensation and directors’ remuneration of the Company as resolved at the meeting of Board of Directors will be posted in the “Market Observation Post System” at the website of the Taiwan Stock Exchange.

(27) Income tax

• A. Components of income tax expense:

• (a) Components of income tax expense:

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			Forthe years ended	Forthe years ended	December31,
			2023		2022
Current tax:
Current tax on profits for the year		$	155,623	$	170,809
Tax on undistributed earnings			4,992		262
Prior year income tax under estimation			11,342		6,128
Total current tax			171,957		177,199
Deferred tax:
Origination and reversal of temporary
differences	(		13,081)		40,886
Income tax expense		$	158,876	$	218,085

• (b) The income tax (charge)/credit relating to components of other comprehensive income is as follows:

follows:
		For the	years ended December31,
		2023		2022
Remeasurement of defined benefit obligations		$	1,279	8,476 $
Exchange differences on translation of
foreign financial statements	(		2,165)	2,846
	($		886)	11,322 $

• B. Reconciliation between income tax expense and accounting profit:

			Forthe years ended	Forthe years ended	December31,
			2023		2022
Tax calculated based on profit before tax and		$	179,921	$	272,659
statutory tax rate
Effects from items disallowed by tax regulation	(		51,591)	(	40,174)
Tax on undistributed earnings			4,992		262
Prior year income tax under estimation			11,342		6,128
Separate taxation			14,215		14,982
Change in assessment of realisation of deferred			10,385	(	71,654)
tax assets
Effect from tax loss	(		10,388)		35,882
Income tax expense		$	158,876	$	218,085

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• C. Amounts of deferred tax assets or liabilities as a result of temporary differences and tax losses are as follows:

are as follows:
			For	the		yearended		December31,2023
									Recognised
					Recognised				in other
						in	comprehensive
			January1	profit or loss					income		December31
Deferred tax assets
Temporary differences:
Allowance for bad debts in		$	2,959	($		1,824)		$	-		$	1,135
excess of tax limits
Pensions			21,350			347			-			21,697
Loss on decline in inventory			20,804	(		115)			-			20,689
market value
Unrealised foreign exchange loss			30			27			-			57
Cost of right-of-use assets			9,354			(1,776)						7,578
Other deferred revenue and			10,874	(		1,894)			-			8,980
unrealised expenses
Currency translation differences			4,450			273			-			4,723
Remeasurements of defined			6,748				(		1,279)			5,469
benefit plans
Tax losses			87,517			10,388			-			97,905
		$	164,086		$	5,426	($		1,279)		$	168,233
Deferred tax liabilities
Temporary differences:
Unrealised foreign exchange gain	($		504)		$	504		$	-		$	-
Gain on investments accounted	(		112,085)			6,034			2,165	(		103,886)
for using the equity method
Unrealised lease liability	(		9,354)			1,776				(		7,578)
Pensions	(		3,158)	(		2,644)			-	(		5,802)
Reserve for land value increment	(		335,417)			-			-	(		335,417)
tax
Others	(		6,995)			1,985			-	(		5,010)
	($		467,513)		$	7,655		$	2,165	($		457,693)
	($		303,427)		$	13,081		$	886	($		289,460)

~57~

			For	the	the	yearended	yearended	December	December	31,2022	31,2022	31,2022
									Recognised
					Recognised				in other
						in	comprehensive
			January1	profit or loss					income			December31
Deferred tax assets
Temporary differences:
Allowance for bad debts in		$	3,443	($		484)		$		-		$	2,959
excess of tax limits
Pensions			22,494	(		1,144)				-			21,350
Loss on decline in inventory			14,653			6,151				-			20,804
market value
Unrealised losses on disposal of			122	(		122)				-			-
assets
Unrealised foreign exchange loss			66	(		36)				-			30
Cost of right-of-use assets			4,663			4,691				-			9,354
Other deferred revenue and			10,483			391				-			10,874
unrealised expenses
Currency translation differences			4,450			-				-			4,450
Remeasurements of defined			15,224			-	(		8,476)				6,748
benefit plans
Tax losses			123,285	(		35,768)				-			87,517
		$	198,883	($		26,321)	($		8,476)			$	164,086
Deferred tax liabilities
Temporary differences:
Unrealised foreign exchange gain		$	-	($		504)		$		-	($		504)
Gain on investments accounted	(		98,738)	(		10,501)	(		2,846)		(		112,085)
for using the equity method
Unrealised lease liability	(		4,663)	(		4,691)					(		9,354)
Pensions	(		1,945)	(		1,213)				-	(		3,158)
Reserve for land value increment	(		335,417)			-				-	(		335,417)
tax
Others	(		9,339)			2,344				-	(		6,995)
	($		450,102)	($		14,565)	($		2,846)		($		467,513)
	($		251,219)	($		40,886)	($		11,322)		($		303,427)

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• D. Expiration dates of unused tax losses and amounts of unrecognised deferred tax assets are as follows:

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----- Start of picture text -----

December 31, 2023
Amount filed Unrecognised deferred
Year incurred /assessed Unused amount income tax assets Expiry year
2017 $ 580,599 $ - $ - 2027
2019 516,191 473,269 - 2029
2023 16,255 16,255 - 2033
$ 1,113,045 $ 489,524 $ -
December 31, 2022
Amount filed Unrecognised deferred
Year incurred /assessed Unused amount income tax assets Expiry year
2017 $ 580,599 $ - $ - 2027
2019 516,191 437,586 - 2029
$ 1,096,790 $ 437,586 $ -
----- End of picture text -----

• E. The amounts of deductible temporary differences that were not recognised as deferred tax assets are as follows:

are as follows:
Deductible temporary differences Allowance for bad debts in excess of tax limits Unrealised loss from inventory valuation Unrealised loss from bad debts Unused compensated absences	December 31, 2023 235 $ 59,782 20,472 4,169 84,658 $	December 31, 2022
		517 $ 69,650 31,661 4,241
		106,069 $

• F. The Group did not recognise deferred tax liabilities related to taxable temporary differences of investment in subsidiaries. The unrecognised deferred tax liabilities were $1,435,158 and $1,181,299 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

• G. The Company’s income tax returns through 2021 have been assessed and approved by the Tax Authority. The Company did not have any administrative remedy as of March 7, 2024.

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(28) Earnings per share

Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders of the parent Diluted earnings per share Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders of the parent Assumed conversion of all dilutive potential ordinary shares Employees’ compensation Convertible bonds Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders of the parent plus assumed conversion of all dilutive potential ordinary shares Basic earnings per share Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders of the parent Diluted earnings per share Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders of the parent Assumed conversion of all dilutive potential ordinary shares Employees’ compensation Convertible bonds Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders of the parent plus assumed conversion of all dilutive potential ordinary shares	Forthe yearendedDecember31,2023
	Weighted average number of ordinary Earnings Amount shares outstanding per share aftertax (sharesinthousands) (indollars) 253,625 $ 278,733 0.91 $ 253,625 $ 278,733 - 365 11,317 42,667 264,942 $ 321,765 0.82 $ Forthe yearendedDecember31,2022		Earnings per share (indollars)
			0.91 $
			0.82 $
	Amount after tax 537,503 $ 537,503 $ - 8,474 545,977 $	Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding (shares in thousands) 278,733 278,733 649 22,093 301,475	Earnings per share (in dollars)
			1.93 $
			1.81 $

The above mentioned weighted average number of outstanding shares was retrospectively adjusted proportionately to the capitalised amount of unappropriated retained earnings for the year ended December 31, 2021.

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(29) Supplemental cash flow information

A. Investing and financing activities with partial cash payments:

			For theyears ended	For theyears ended	For theyears ended	December31,
			2023			2022
(a) Acquisition of property, plant and equipment		$	60,453		$	168,000
Add: Opening balance of payable on			8,191			22,043
equipment (listed as ‘Other payables’)
Less: Ending balance of payable on equipment
(listed as ‘Other payables’)	(		14,491)	(		8,191)
Cash paid for acquisition of property, plant and
equipment		$	54,153		$	181,852
			For the years ended			December 31,
			2023			2022
(b) Cash dividends declared		$	302,163		$	438,855
Less: Dividends received by subsidiaries for
holding the parent company’s shares	(		23,430)	(		34,030)
Cash dividends paid		$	278,733		$	404,825

B. Operating and investing activities with no cash flow effects:

(a) Write-offs of uncollectible receivables (b) Inventories transferred to property, plant and equipment (c) Prepayments for equipment transferred to property, plant and equipment (d) Property, plant and equipment transferred to other non-current assets (e) Prepayments for equipment transferred to intangible assets	For the years ended December 31,	For the years ended December 31,
	2023 673 $ 15,995 $ 13,736 $ - $ - $	2022
		3,073 $
		15,495 $
		33,103 $
		458 $
		275 $

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(30) Changes in liabilities from financing activities

Short-term Lease Bonds Long-term borrowings borrowings liability payable (includingcurrentportion) January 1, 2023 780,846 $ 52,262 $ 4,563,605 $ 39,036 $ Changes in cash flow from financing activities 302,660) ( 26,829) ( - 9,330) ( Changes in unamortised discount - - 14,953 - Changes in other non-cash items - 20,058 - - Impact of changes in foreign exchange rate - 2,067) ( - - December 31, 2023 478,186 $ 43,424 $ 4,578,558 $ 29,706 $ Short-term Lease Bonds Long-term borrowings borrowings liability payable (including current portion) January 1, 2022 1,642,371 $ 35,449 $ 3,000,000 $ 624,826 $ Changes in cash flow from financing activities 861,525) ( 25,026) ( 1,775,874 585,790) ( Changes in unamortised discount - - 11,454 - Changes in other non-cash items - 40,315 223,723) ( - Impact of changes in foreign exchange rate - 1,524 - - December 31, 2022 780,846 $ 52,262 $ 4,563,605 $ 39,036 $

Guarantee Liabilities from deposits received financingactivities -gross 457 $ 5,436,206 $ - 338,819) ( - 14,953 - 20,058 - 2,067) ( 457 $ 5,130,331 $ Guarantee Liabilities from deposits received financingactivities -gross 457 $ 5,303,103 $ - 303,533 - 11,454 - 183,408) ( - 1,524 457 $ 5,436,206 $

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7. Related Party Transactions

(1) Names of related parties and relationship

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Names of related parties Relationship with the Group
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Names of related parties	Relationship withthe Group
Ofco Industrial Corp.	Other related party
Gloria Material Technology Corp.	Other related party
TSG Transportation Corp.	Other related party
TSG Environmental Technology Corp.	Other related party
TSG Power Corp.	Other related party
Golden Win Steel Industrial Corp.	Other related party
Shanghai Wangzhan Trading Co.,Ltd.	Other related party

(2) Significant related party transactions

A. Operating revenue

nificant related party transactions Operating revenue
Sales of goods: Other related parties	2023 2022 491,018 $ 798,604 $ Forthe years endedDecember31,
		798,604 $

Goods are sold to related parties based on the terms that would be available to third parties and the average credit term is 2 months. The credit terms for machinery and equipment sales are based on the terms specified in the contracts, some of which are sold on installment over a period of 1 ~ 3 years, and for spare parts sales are 3 ~ 4 months.

B. Purchases

3 years, and for spare parts sales are 3 ~ 4 months. Purchases
Purchases of goods: Other related parties	Forthe years endedDecember31,
	2023 7,525 $	2022
		2,437 $

Goods are purchased from related parties based on the prices and terms that would be available to third parties and the average payment terms are 1 ~ 2 months. However, both parties may negotiate to extend payment terms according to the funds available.

C. Property transaction

Acquisition of assets:

Property transaction Acquisition of assets:
Objects Other related parties Machinery and equipment	For theyears ended December31,
	2023 459 $	2022
		500 $

The Group purchases property, plant and equipment from related parties at a negotiated price.

D. Other expenses

Other expenses
Other related parties	For theyears ended December31,
	2023 42,207 $	2022
		53,737 $

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E. Other income

Other related parties

F. Receivables from related parties

Notes receivable ： Other related parties Accounts receivable ： Other related parties Other receivable ： Other related parties

• G. Contract liabilities - current

Other related parties

H. Payables to related parties

Notes payable ： Other related parties Other payables ： Other related parties

(3) Key management compensation

Wages and salaries and other short-term benefits

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----- Start of picture text -----

For the years ended December 31,
2023 2022
$ 1,808 $ 3,403
December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022
$ 11,441 $ 48,966
$ 94,180 $ 39,106
$ 560 $ -
December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022
$ 1,033 $ 10,416
December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022
$ 3,801 $ -
$ 5,672 $ 8,348
For the years ended December 31,
2023 2022
$ 80,299 $ 73,677
----- End of picture text -----

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8. Pledged Assets

The Group’s assets pledged as collateral are as follows:

Assets Pledged demand deposits (Note 1) Inventories Land (Note 2) Buildings, net (Note 2) Machinery and equipment, net (Note 2) Right-of-use assets	December31,2023 8,967 $ 79,200 453,275 119,214 50,537 13,727 724,920 $	December31,2022 11,775 $ 79,200 453,275 125,747 51,794 14,544 736,335 $	Purpose
			Guarantee, collateral for short-term and long-term borrowings and bonds payable Collateral for short-term and long-term borrowings Collateral for short-term and long-term borrowings and bonds payable Collateral for short-term and long-term borrowings and bonds payable Collateral for short-term and long-term borrowings Collateral for short-term borrowings

(Note 1) Listed as ‘Other current financial assets’.

(Note 2) Listed as ‘Property, plant and equipment’.

9. Significant Contingent Liabilities and Unrecognised Contract Commitments

• (1) As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Group’s capital expenditures contracted for at the balance sheet date but not yet incurred were $5,966 and $705, respectively.

• (2) As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Group’s line of credit issued but not yet negotiated were $184,423 and $36,751, respectively.

• (3) Information on provision of endorsements and guarantees to others is provided in Note 13(1)B.

• (4) The Company is involved in a lawsuit filed by Mr. Li, Shi-Ren in 2012 relating to whether an employment relationship existed between both parties. Mr. Li, Shi-Ren claimed that he served in an investee of the Company for 26 years and 8 months and requested the Company to pay pension for a total amount of USD 642 thousand. On February 27, 2014, the Taiwan Kaohsiung District Court rendered a decision that the Company is liable for the USD 642 thousand pension payment. The Company disagreed with the decision and appealed during the legal period. On April 29, 2016, the Taiwan High Court Kaohsiung Branch Court revoked the original decision rendered on February 27, 2014 and rendered a decision that the litigation expenses incurred thereby shall be borne by the appellant (Li, Shi-Ren). Subsequently, Li, Shi-Ren appealed to the Supreme Court. On August 2, 2018, the Supreme Court, after reviewing the case, revoked the decision except for the provisional execution and remanded the case to the Taiwan High Court Kaohsiung Branch Court. On April 15, 2020, following the first decision by the Supreme Court, the Taiwan High Court Kaohsiung Branch

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Court rendered a decision on the case no. 2018-Zhong-Lao-Shang-Geng-Yi-Zi-1, in which both of the appellant’s (Li, Shi-Ren) appeal with the first instance court and motion for provisional execution are dismissed, and the appellant shall bear the relevant litigation expenses. Subsequently, Li, Shi-Ren appealed to the Supreme Court. On April 28, 2022, the Supreme Court, after reviewing the case, revoked the decision except for the provisional execution and remanded the case to the Taiwan High Court Kaohsiung Branch Court. The judgment was remanded by the Supreme Court for the second time. The appeal was dismissed on December 14, 2022, and the relevant litigation expenses incurred shall be borne by the Company. Subsequently, Li, Shi-Ren appealed to the Supreme Court. On June 8, 2023, the Supreme Court, after reviewing the case, revoked the decision except for the provisional execution and remanded the case to the Taiwan High Court Kaohsiung Branch Court.

10. Significant Disaster Loss

None.

1. Significant Events after the Balance Sheet Date

In February 2024, the Company participated in the capital increase of Argo Yachts Development Co., Ltd. at a price of $27 (in dollars) per share. The Company subscribed 4,500 thousand shares, for a total subscription of $121,500.

12. Others

• (1) Capital management

The Group’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern in order to provide returns for shareholders and to maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of capital. In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may adjust the amount of dividends paid to shareholders, return capital to shareholders, issue new shares or sell assets to reduce debt.

(2) Financial instruments

• A. Financial instruments by category

• Details of the Group’s financial instruments by category are provided in Note 6.

• B. Financial risk management policies

• (a) The Group’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk (including foreign exchange risk, price risk and interest rate risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. The Group’s overall risk management programme focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimise potential adverse effects on the Group’s financial position and financial performance.

• (b) Risk management is carried out by a central treasury department (Group treasury) under policies approved by the Board of Directors. Group treasury identifies, evaluates and hedges financial risks in close cooperation with the Group’s operating units. The Board provides written principles for over all risk management, as well as written policies covering specific areas and matters, such as foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, use of derivative financial instruments and non-derivative financial instruments, and investment of

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excess liquidity.

• C. Significant financial risks and degrees of financial risks

• (a) Market risk

  • i. Foreign exchange risk

    • (i) The Group operates internationally and is exposed to exchange rate risk arising from the transactions of the Company and its subsidiaries used in various functional currency, primarily with respect to the RMB, USD and IDR. Foreign exchange rate risk arises from future commercial transactions and recognised assets and liabilities.

    • (ii) Management has set up a policy to require group companies to manage their foreign exchange risk against their functional currency. The companies are required to hedge their entire foreign exchange risk exposure with the Group treasury. The Group treasury uses forward foreign exchange contracts to manage the foreign exchange risk arising from future commercial transactions and recognised assets and liabilities. Foreign exchange risk arises when future commercial transactions or recognised assets or liabilities are denominated in a currency that is not the entity’s functional currency.

    • (iii) The Group’s businesses involve some non-functional currency operations (the Company’s and certain subsidiaries’ functional currency: NTD; other certain subsidiaries’ functional currency: USD, RMB and IDR). The information on assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies whose values would be materially affected by the exchange rate fluctuations is as follows:

(Foreign currency: functional currency) Financial assets Monetary items USD:NTD USD:RMB RMB:NTD EUR:NTD JPY:NTD Financial liabilities Monetary items USD:NTD USD:IDR	December31,2023	December31,2023
	Foreign currency amount (In thousands) 9,307 $ 1,716 8,907 1,050 50,848 3,256 352	Exchange rate 30.71 7.0827 4.34 33.98 0.2172 30.71 15,508	Book Value
			287,759 $ 52,698 38,617 35,687 11,044 99,966 10,799

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(Foreign currency: functional currency) Financial assets Monetary items USD:NTD USD:RMB EUR:NTD RMB:NTD JPY:NTD Financial liabilities Monetary items USD:NTD USD:RMB USD:IDR EUR:NTD	Foreign currency amount (In thousands) Exchange rate Book Value 8,400 $ 30.71 257,973 $ 3,217 6.9646 98,760 1,231 32.72 40,293 7,057 4.410 31,109 56,869 0.2324 13,216 5,260 30.71 161,526 3,535 6.9646 108,514 2,230 15,510 68,479 834 32.72 27,288 December 31,2022

The sensitivity analysis of foreign exchange risk mainly focuses on the foreign currency monetary items at the end of the financial reporting period. If the exchange rate of NTD to all foreign currencies had appreciated/depreciated by 1%, the Group’s net income would have decreased/increased by $2,524 and $666 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The total exchange (losses) gains, including realised and unrealised, arising from significant foreign exchange variation on the monetary items held by the Group amounted to ($3,450) and $26,744 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

ii. Price risk

• (i) The Group’s equity securities, which are exposed to price risk, are the held financial assets at fair value through profit or loss and financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income. To manage its price risk arising from investments in equity securities, the Group diversifies its portfolio. Diversification of the portfolio is done in accordance with the limits set by the Group.

• (ii) The Group’s investments in equity securities comprise shares issued by the domestic companies. The prices of equity securities would change due to the change of the future value of investee companies. If the prices of these equity securities had increased/decreased by 1% with all other variables held constant, post-tax profit would have increased/decreased by $1,302 and $504 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as a result of gains/losses on equity securities classified as at fair value through profit or loss. Other components of equity would have increased/decreased by $6,813 and $4,392, respectively, as a result of other comprehensive income classified as equity investment at fair value through other comprehensive income.

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iii. Cash flow and fair value interest rate risk

  - (i) The Group’s main interest rate risk arises from some borrowings with variable rates, which expose the Group to cash flow interest rate risk. During 2023 and 2022, the Group’s borrowings at variable rate were mainly denominated in NTD, USD, RMB and IDR.

  - (ii) The Group’s borrowings are measured at amortised cost. The borrowings are periodically contractually repriced and to that extent are also exposed to the risk of future changes in market interest rates.

  - (iii) If the borrowing interest rate had increased/decreased by 1% with all other variables held constant, profit, net of tax would have decreased/increased by $963 and $961 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The main factor is that changes in interest expense result from floating rate borrowings.

• (b) Credit risk

• i. Credit risk refers to the risk of financial loss to the Group arising from default by the clients or counterparties of financial instruments on the contract obligations. The main factor is that counterparties could not repay in full the accounts receivable based on the agreed terms.

• ii. The Group manages its credit risk taking into consideration the entire group’s concern. For banks and financial institutions, only independently rated parties with a certain rating are accepted. According to the Group’s credit policy, each local entity in the Group is responsible for managing and analysing the credit risk for each of their new clients before standard payment and delivery terms and conditions are offered. Internal risk control assesses the credit quality of the customers, taking into account their financial position, past experience and other factors. Individual risk limits are set based on internal or external ratings in accordance with limits set by the Board of Directors. The utilisation of credit limits is regularly monitored.

• iii. The Group adopts following assumptions under IFRS 9 to assess whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk on that instrument since initial recognition: If the contract payments were past due over 30 days based on the terms, there has been a significant increase in credit risk on that instrument since initial recognition.

• iv. If the credit rating grade of an investment target degrades two scales, there has been a significant increase in credit risk on that instrument since initial recognition.

• v. If the default rate of an investment target exceeds 10%, there has been a significant increase in credit risk on that instrument since initial recognition.

• vi. The Group adopts the assumption under IFRS 9, that is, the default occurs when the contract payments are past due over 90 days.

• vii. The Group classifies customer’s accounts receivable in accordance with credit risk on trade. The Group applies the modified approach using a provision matrix to estimate the

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expected credit loss and uses the historical and timely information to establish loss rate for assessing the default possibility of accounts receivable. Movements in relation to the Group applying the modified approach to provide loss allowance for notes and accounts receivable are as follows:

receivable are as follows:
			Forthe yearendedDecember					31,	2023
			Notes			Accounts
			receivable			receivable			Total
Balance at January 1		$	268		$	24,003		$	24,271
Expected credit (gain) loss	(		123)			4,307			4,184
Write-offs			-	(		673)	(		673)
Effect of foreign exchange			8	(		973)	(		965)
Balance at December 31		$	153		$	26,664		$	26,817
			Forthe yearendedDecember					31,	2023
			Notes			Accounts
			receivable			receivable			Total
Balance at January 1		$	252		$	29,118		$	29,370
Expected credit loss (gain)			19	(		1,540)	(		1,521)
Write-offs			-	(		3,073)	(		3,073)
Effect of foreign exchange	(		3)	(		502)	(		505)
Balance at December 31		$	268		$	24,003		$	24,271

(c) Liquidity risk

• i. Cash flow forecasting is performed in the operating entities of the Group and aggregated by Group treasury. Group treasury monitors rolling forecasts of the Group’s liquidity requirements to ensure it has sufficient cash to meet operational needs while maintaining sufficient headroom on its undrawn committed borrowing facilities at all times so that the Group does not breach borrowing limits or covenants (where applicable) on any of its borrowing facilities.

• ii. The table below analyses the Group’s non-derivative financial liabilities into relevant maturity groupings based on the remaining period at the balance sheet date to the contractual maturity date for non-derivative financial liabilities. The amounts disclosed in the table are the contractual undiscounted cash flows:

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December31,2023 Non-derivative financial liabilities: Short-term borrowings Notes payable Accounts payable Other payables Lease liability Bonds payable Long-term borrowings (including current portion) Guarantee deposits received December 31, 2022 Non-derivative financial liabilities: Short-term borrowings Notes payable Accounts payable Other payables Lease liability Bonds payable Long-term borrowings (including current portion) Guarantee deposits received	Less than 1year 479,999 $ 438 494,133 378,577 14,477 1,950 6,993 457 Less than 1year 801,682 $ 388 558,651 440,435 25,654 1,950 16,723 457	Between 1 and 2year(s) - $ - - - 10,121 1,950 6,895 - Between 1 and 2year(s) - $ - - - 10,484 1,950 6,367 -	Between More than 2 and5 years 5 years - $ - $ - - - - - - 20,497 1,720 4,605,850 - 15,133 1,800 - - Between More than 2 and5 years 5 years - $ - $ - - - - - - 14,363 3,785 5,850 4,601,950 13,962 3,316 - -

• iii. For non-derivative financial liabilities, the Group does not expect the timing of occurrence of the cash flows estimated through the maturity date analysis to be significantly earlier, nor expect the actual cash flow amount to be significantly different.

(3) Fair value information

• A. The different levels that the inputs to valuation techniques are used to measure fair value of financial and non-financial instruments have been defined as follows:

• Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity can access at the measurement date. A market is regarded as active where a market in which transactions for the asset or liability take place with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. The fair value of the Group’s investment in listed stocks and beneficiary certificates is included in Level 1.

• Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset

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or liability, either directly or indirectly. The fair value of the Group’s investment in listed stocks-private placement (Liquidity discount is 24.82%) is included in Level 2.

• Level 3: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

• B. The carrying amounts of the Group’s financial instruments not measured at fair value (including cash and cash equivalents, financial assets a amortised cost, notes receivable, accounts receivable, other receivables, other current financial assets, guarantee deposits paid, long-term notes and accounts receivable, short-term borrowings, notes payable, accounts payable, other payables, bonds payable, long-term borrowings (including current portion) and guarantee deposits received) are approximate to their fair values.

• C. The related information on financial and non-financial instruments measured at fair value by level on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the assets and liabilities at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:
December31,2023 Assets: Recurring fair value measurements Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss Equity securities Beneficiary certificates Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income Equity securities December31,2022 Assets: Recurring fair value measurements Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss Equity securities Beneficiary certificates Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income Equity securities	Level 1 185 $ 2,992 3,177 681,311 684,488 $ Level 1 39,232 $ 11,179 50,411 439,249 489,660 $	Level 2 127,050 $ - 127,050 - 127,050 $ Level 2 - $ - - - - $	Level3 - $ - - - - $ Level3 - $ - - - - $	Total
				127,235 $ 2,992
				130,227
				681,311
				811,538 $
				Total
				39,232 $ 11,179
				50,411
				439,249
				489,660 $

• D. The methods and assumptions the Group used to measure fair value are as follows:

• (a) The instruments the Group used market quoted prices as their fair values (that is, Level 1) are listed below by characteristics:

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Market quoted price

Listed shares Open-end fund Closing price Net asset value

• (b) Except for financial instruments with active markets, the fair value of other financial instruments is measured by using valuation techniques or by reference to counterparty quotes. The fair value of financial instruments measured by using valuation techniques can be referred to current fair value of instruments with similar terms and characteristics in substance, discounted cash flow method or other valuation methods, including calculated by applying model using market information available at the consolidated balance sheet date (i.e. yield curves on the Taipei Exchange, average commercial paper interest rates quoted from Reuters).

• E. The Group takes into account adjustments for credit risks to measure the fair value of financial and non-financial instruments to reflect credit risk of the counterparty and the Group’s credit quality.

• F. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, there was no transfer between Level 1 and Level 2.

• G. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, there was no transfer into or out from Level 3.

13. Supplementary Disclosures

(According to the current regulatory requirements, the Company is only required to disclose the information for the year ended December 31, 2023)

(1) Significant transactions information

• A. Loans to others: None.

• B. Provision of endorsements and guarantees to others: Refer to table 1.

• C. Holding of marketable securities at the end of the period (not including subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures): Refer to table 2.

• D. Acquisition or sale of the same security with the accumulated cost exceeding $300 million or 20% of the Company’s paid-in capital: None.

• E. Acquisition of real estate reaching $300 million or 20% of paid-in capital or more: None.

• F. Disposal of real estate reaching $300 million or 20% of paid-in capital or more: None.

• G. Purchases or sales of goods from or to related parties reaching $100 million or 20% of paid-in capital or more: Refer to table 3.

• H. Receivables from related parties reaching $100 million or 20% of paid-in capital or more: None.

• I. Trading in derivative instruments undertaken during the reporting periods: None.

• J. Significant inter-company transactions during the reporting periods: Refer to table 4.

(2) Information on investees

Names, locations and other information of investee companies (not including investees in Mainland China): Refer to table 5.

(3) Information on investments in Mainland China

• A. Basic information: Refer to table 6.

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• B. Significant transactions conducted with investees in Mainland China directly or indirectly through other companies in the third areas: Purchases and sales between the Company and investees in Mainland China are eliminated when preparing consolidated financial statements. Information on significant transactions, such as purchases and sales, receivables and payables, provision of endorsements and guarantees and financing, between the Company and investees in Mainland China is provided in Note 13(1) B and J.

(4) Major shareholders information

Major shareholders information: Refer to table 7.

1. Segment Information

2. (1) General information

   • A. Management has determined the reportable operating segments based on the reports reviewed by the chief operating decision-maker that are used to make strategic decisions. The Group’s reportable segments are as follows:

     • (a) Screw segment: Primarily engaging in the manufacture, process and trade of screws and nuts, etc.

     • (b) Machinery segment: Primarily engaging in the manufacture, assemble and trade of machine tools and chemical machinery, etc.

     • (c) Investment segment: Primarily engaging in the general investment.

   • B. There is no material change in the basis for formation of entities and division of segments in the Group or in the measurement basis for segment information during this period.

   • C. The Group’s chief operating decision-maker assesses the performance based on the segment’s net operating profit. The accounting policies of the operating segments are in agreement with the significant accounting policies summarised in Note 4 in the consolidated financial statements.

(2) Information about segment profit or loss, assets and liabilities

• The segment information provided to the chief operating decision-maker for the reportable segments is as follows:

For the year ended December 31, 2023

Screw Machinery segment segment Segment revenue 7,924,451 $ 1,172,343 $ Inter-segment revenue 567,687) ( 68,466) ( Revenue from external customers, net 7,356,764 1,103,877 Segment income before tax 690,239 99,436 Segment assets 10,144,689 1,883,540 Segment liabilities 6,198,076 891,147	Investment segment Total - $ 9,096,794 $ - 636,153) ( - 8,460,641 53,940 843,615 140,107 12,168,336 27 7,089,250

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			For	For	For	the yearended	December31,2022	December31,2022	December31,2022	December31,2022	December31,2022
			Screw			Machinery			Investment
			segment			segment			segment			Total
Segment revenue		$	10,574,494		$	1,270,675		$	-		$	11,845,169
Inter-segment revenue	(		692,070)	(		103,458)			-	(		795,528)
Revenue from external			9,882,424			1,167,217			-			11,049,641
customers, net
Segment income before tax			1,062,785			137,831	(		94,590)			1,106,026
Segment assets			10,598,236			1,910,548			102,289			12,611,073
Segment liabilities			6,653,470			887,581			1,092			7,542,143

(3) Reconciliation for segment profit or loss, assets and liabilities

• A. Sales between segments are carried out at arm’s length. The revenue from external customers reported to the chief operating decision-maker is measured in a manner consistent with that in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. A reconciliation of reportable segment income or loss before tax to the income/(loss) before tax is provided as follows:

			For theyears ended December31,	For theyears ended December31,	For theyears ended December31,
			2023		2022
Reportable operating segments income		$	843,615		1,106,026 $
before tax
Elimination of inter-segment income (loss)	(		324,061)	(	224,825)
Profit before income tax		$	519,554		881,201 $

• B. The amounts provided to the chief operating decision maker with respect to total assets and liabilities are measured in a manner consistent with that of the financial statements. Therefore, such reconciliation is not required.

(4) Information on products and services

The Group classified the operating segments based on the category of products. Thus, information on products is not disclosed separately.

~75~

(5) Geographical information

Geographical information for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:

For the years ended December 31,

Taiwan Mainland China and Hong Kong U.S.A. Other countries	Non-current Revenue (Note) assets 2,332,587 $ 2,220,155 $ 2,263,517 479,510 688,121 26,576 3,176,416 298,136 8,460,641 $ 3,024,377 $ 2023	2022	2022
	Revenue (Note) 2,332,587 $ 2,263,517 688,121 3,176,416 8,460,641 $	Revenue (Note) 4,076,777 $ 2,453,107 755,100 3,764,657 11,049,641 $	Non-current assets
			2,319,963 $ 570,100 30,257 310,095
			3,230,415 $

(Note) The revenue is classified based the country where the customer is located.

(6) Major customer information

Major customer information for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:

Customer E-SHENG STEEL CO., LTD.	For the years ended December 31,	For the years ended December 31,
	2023 SalesRevenue Note	2022
		SalesRevenue
		1,524,969 $

(Note) Since the sales revenue did not reach 10%, the amount was not disclosed.

~76~

Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd. and subsidiaries Provision of endorsements and guarantees to others For the year ended December 31, 2023

Expressed in thousands of NTD

Table 1

Number	Endorser/ guarantor	Party being endorsed/guaranteed	Party being endorsed/guaranteed	Limit on endorsements/ guarantees provided for a singleparty	Maximum outstanding endorsement/ guarantee amount as of December 31, 2023	Outstanding endorsement/ guarantee amount at December 31, 2023	Actual amount drawn down	Amount of endorsements/ guarantees secured with collateral	Ratio of accumulated endorsement/ guarantee amount to net asset value of the endorser/ guarantor company	Ceiling on total amount of endorsements/ guarantees provided	Provision of endorsements/ guarantees by parent company to subsidiary	Provision of Provision of endorsements/ endorsements/ guarantees by guarantees to subsidiary to the party in parent Mainland company China Footnote	Provision of Provision of endorsements/ endorsements/ guarantees by guarantees to subsidiary to the party in parent Mainland company China Footnote	Provision of Provision of endorsements/ endorsements/ guarantees by guarantees to subsidiary to the party in parent Mainland company China Footnote
		Companyname	Relationship with the endorser/ guarantor （Note 1）
0	Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd.	Chun Yu (Dongguan) Metal Products Co., Ltd.	2	2,566,642 $	648,500 $	$ 307,050	$ 112,723	$ -	7.18%	3,422,189 $	Y	N	Y	(Note 2)

(Note 1) The numbers filled in for the relationship with the Company are as follows:

1. Having business relationship.

2. The Company direct and indirect owns over 50% ownership of the investee company.

(Note 2) The total amount of transactions of endorsement equals to 80% of the Company's net worth, the limit of endorsement for any single entity is 60% of the Company's net worth, and all of the related transactions are to be submitted to the stockholders' meeting for reference.

(Note 3) Foreign currencies are translated into New Taiwan dollars. Exchange rate of foreign currencies indicated as of report date were as follows: USD:NTD 1:30.7050, RMB:NTD 1:4.3355.

Table 1 Page1

Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd. and subsidiaries

Holding of marketable securities at the end of the period (not including subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures) For the year ended December 31, 2023

Securities held by Table 2	Marketable securities	Relationship with the securities issuer	General ledger account (Note 1)		As of December 31,2023	As of December 31,2023	Fair value Footnote Expressed in thousands of NTD	Fair value Footnote Expressed in thousands of NTD
				Number of shares (In thousands of shares or units)	Book value	Ownership (%)	Fair value
Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd. Chun Bang Precision Co., Ltd. Chun Yu Investment Corp. Chun Yu Bio-tech Corp.	Stocks -Taiwan Styrene Monomer Corporation Stocks - Gloria Material Technology Corporation Stocks - King Kong Iron Works, Ltd. Stocks - Ensure Global Co., Ltd. Beneficiary certificates - PGIM USD High Yield Bond Fund-USD Stocks - The First Insurance Co., Ltd. Stocks - Taiwan Styrene Monomer Corporation Stocks - Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd. Stocks - Taiwan Styrene Monomer Corporation Stocks - Chun Zu Machinery Industry Co., Ltd. Stocks - Taiwan Styrene Monomer Corporation	－ Other related party － － － － － The Company － Subsidiary －	3 3 3 2 1 1 3 (Note 2) 3 (Note3) 3	11,678 5,526 304 5,000 300 10 6,440 23,430 6,618 9 1,500	182,761 $ 269,945 772 127,050 2,992 185 100,786 591,612 103,572 161 23,475	2.21 1.04 0.55 3.16 - - 1.22 7.75 1.25 0.01 0.28	182,761 $ 269,945 772 127,050 2,992 185 100,786 591,612 103,572 161 23,475	- - - - - - - - - - -

• (Note 1) The code number explanation is as follows:

• Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss - current.

• Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss- non-current.

• Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive profit or loss- non-current.

• (Note 2) Information relating to the Company’s stocks is provided in Note 6(16) 'Share capital'.

• (Note 3) The Company’s stocks held by Chun Yu Bio-tech Corp., shown as ‘Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive profit or loss- non-current’, were changed to be shown as ‘Investments accounted for using the equity method’ when the group prepared the consolidated financial statements and fully eliminated.

Table 2 Page1

• Purchases or sales of goods from or to related parties reaching NT$100 million or 20% of paid in capital or more For the year ended December 31, 2023

Table 3

Expressed in thousands of NTD

Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd. and subsidiaries

Purchaser/seller	Counterparty	Relationship with the counterparty			Transaction		transactions Differences in transaction terms compared to third party	transactions Differences in transaction terms compared to third party	Notes/accountsreceivable (payable)	Notes/accountsreceivable (payable)	Footnote
			Purchases (sales)	Amount	Percentage of total purchases (sales)	Credit term	Unit price	Credit term	Balance	Percentage of total notes/accounts receivable (payable)
Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd. Chun Yu (Dongguan) Metal Products Co., Ltd. Shanghai Uchee Hardware Products Ltd.	Ofco Industrial Corporation Shanghai Uchee Hardware Products Ltd. Shanghai Uchee Hardware Products Ltd. Chun Yu (Dongguan) Metal Products Co., Ltd. Chun Yu (Dongguan) Metal Products Co., Ltd.	Other related party Subsidiary Subsidiary Subsidiary Subsidiary	(Sales) (Sales) Purchases (Sales) Purchases	443,870) ($ ( 246,460) 175,792 ( 175,792) 246,460	( 13%) ( 19%) 18% ( 23%) 38%	1 month 3 months 3 months 3 months 3 months	$ - - - - -	3 ~ 5 months (Note 1) (Note 2) (Note 1) (Note 2)	$ 92,683 - - - -	15% - - - -	- - - - -

(Note 1) The credit terms to third parties are 1 ~ 3 months after the sale.

(Note 2) The payment terms to third parties are 3 ~ 6 months after the acceptance.

(Note 3) Foreign currencies are translated into New Taiwan Dollars using the following exchanges: Ending balance of receivable and payable are translated using the exchange rates as of report date (USD:NTD 1:30.7050, RMB:NTD 1:4.3355), and the transactions amounts are translated into New Taiwan dollars at the average exchange rate for the year ended December 31, 2023 (USD:NTD 1:31.1773, RMB:NTD 1:4.4272).

Table 3 Page 1

• Significant inter company transactions during the reporting period For the year ended December 31, 2023

Table 4

Expressed in thousands of NTD

Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd. and subsidiaries

Transaction

Number (Note2)	Companyname	Counterparty	Relationship (Note 3)	General ledgeraccount Sales Accounts receivable Provision of endorsements and guarantees Sales Accounts receivable Sales Sales Sales Sales Other receivables Sales Accounts receivable Other receivables Sales Other receivables Sales	Amount 77,713 $ 25,666 307,050 75,709 12,534 13,595 11,311 12,747 15,995 25,966 44,011 12,176 18,594 246,460 34,624 175,792	Transactionterms	Percentage of consolidated total operating revenue or totalassets (Note4)
0 1 2 3 4 5	Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd. Chun Bang Precision Co., Ltd. Chun Zu Machinery Industry Co., Ltd. Shanghai Chun Zu Machinery Industry Ltd. Chun Yu (Dongguan) Metal Products Co., Ltd. Shanghai Uchee Hardware Products Ltd.	Chun Yu Works (USA) Inc. Chun Yu (Dongguan) Metal Products Co., Ltd. Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd. Pt Moon Lion Industries Indonesia Chun Zu Machinery Industry Co., Ltd. Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd. Chun Yu (Dongguan) Metal Products Co., Ltd. Shanghai Chun Zu Machinery Industry Ltd. Chun Zu Machinery Industry Co., Ltd. Scholar Holdings Ltd. Shanghai Uchee Hardware Products Ltd. Chun Yu (Dongguan) Metal Products Co., Ltd.	1 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3			4 months - - 3 months - 3 months 3 months 3 months 3 months - (Note5) - - 3 months - 3 months	1% - 3% 1% - - - - - 1% - - 3% - 2%

(Note 1) Intercompany transactions between the parent company and its subsidiaries or between subsidiaries are not disclosed repetitively since the circumstances and amounts of each transaction is the same on each side.

In addition, the disclosure threshold for significant intercompany transactions is $10 million and the transactions are disclosed in asset and income aspects.

(Note 2) The transaction information of the Company and the consolidated subsidiaries should be noted in column "Number". The number means:

1. Number 0 presents the Company.

2. The consolidated subsidiaries are in order from number 1.

(Note 3) The relationships among the transation parties are as follows:

1. The Company to the consolidated subsidiary.

2. The consolidated subsidiary to the Company.

3. The consolidated subsidiary to another consolidated subsidiary.

(Note 4) The percentage of transaction amount over consolidated total revenues or total assets is as follows: Assets and liabilities are calculated using the ending balance over the consolidated total assets at period end; Sales is

calculated using the amount of the period over the consolidated total revenue of the period.

(Note 5) The sale of mechanical equipment is handled according to the conditions stipulated in the contract, and some of them are sold by installments, with a period of 1 to 2 years; spare parts are sold within 3 to 4 months.

(Note 6) For the amounts denominated in foreign currencies, the balances of notes/accounts receivable (payable) are translated into New Taiwan dollars at the exchange rate (USD 1 : NTD 30.7050; RMB 1 : NTD 4.3355)

prevailing at the financial reporting date, and the transactions amounts are translated into New Taiwan dollars at the average exchange rate for the year ended December 31, 2023 (USD 1 : NTD :31.1773; RMB 1 : NTD 4.4272).

Table 4 Page 1

For the year ended December 31, 2023

Table 5

Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd. and subsidiaries Information on investees

Investor	Investee	Location	Main business activities	Initial investment amount	Initial investment amount	Sharesheld as atDecember31,2023	Sharesheld as atDecember31,2023	Sharesheld as atDecember31,2023	Net profit (loss) of the investee for the year ended December31,2023	Investment income (loss) recognised by the Company for the year ended December31,2023	Footnote
				Balance as at December 31, 2023	Balance as at December 31, 2022	Number of shares	Ownership (%)	Bookvalue
Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd. Chun Zu Machinery Industry Co., Ltd.	Chun Bang Precision Co., Ltd. Chun Yu Works (U.S.A.) Inc. Chun Yu Investment Corporation Chun Yu Bio-tech Corporation Scholar Holdings Ltd. Sunny City International Ltd Pt Moon Lion Industries Indonesia Chun Zu Machinery Industry Co., Ltd. Lion City Management Ltd.	Taiwan U.S.A. Taiwan Taiwan Virgin Islands Samoa Indonesia Taiwan Virgin Islands	Manufacture and trade of moulds Import and export of hardware products Professional investment Powder metallurgy Reinvestment and import and export trade Reinvestment and import and export trade Manufacture and trade of screws and nuts Manufacture and trade of machinery Professional investment	125,344 $ 114,728 267,652 90,260 2,581,891 84,824 154,760 52,597 61,410	125,344 $ 114,728 267,652 90,260 2,581,891 84,824 154,760 52,597 61,410	15,000,000 3,800,000 74,888,032 10,000,000 33,183,211 1,000,000 14,370,000 28,821,939 -	100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 71.85 47.81 100.00	205,039 $ 411,301 140,080 108,888 993,195 251,936 726,961 472,141 519,318	5,640 $ 47,137 53,940 14,334) ( 9,523) ( 28,702 245,288 74,265 53,665	10,332 $ 48,472 1,222 14,455) ( 9,067) ( 28,702 176,239 34,824 -	A subsidiary A subsidiary A subsidiary A subsidiary A subsidiary A subsidiary A subsidiary A subsidiary A subsidiary (Note 1)

(Note 1) According to the related regulations, it is not required to disclose income (loss) recognized by the Company.

(Note 2) Foreign currencies are translated into New Taiwan Dollars using the following exchanges: Ending balance of receivable and payable are translated using the exchange rates as of report date (USD:NTD 1:30.7050, RMB:NTD 1:4.3355), and the transactions amounts are translated into New Taiwan dollars at the average exchange rate for the year ended December 31, 2023 (USD:NTD 1:31.1773, RMB:NTD 1:4.4272).

Table 5 Page 1

Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd. and subsidiaries Information on investments in Mainland China For the year ended December 31, 2023

Table 6

Investee in MainlandChina Table 6	Main business activities	Paid-in capital	Investment method	Accumulated amount of remittance from Taiwan to Mainland China as of January 1, 2023	ended December31,2023 Amount remitted back to Taiwan for the year Amount remitted from Taiwan to Mainland China/		Accumulated amount of remittance from Taiwan to Mainland China as of December 31, 2023	Net income of investee for the year ended December31,2023	Ownership held by the Company (direct or indirect)	Investment income (loss) recognised by the Company for the year ended December 31,2023	Book value of investments in Mainland China as of December 31, 2023	Accumulated amount of investment income remitted back to Taiwan as of December 31, 2023 Footnote Expressed in thousands of NTD
					Remitted to Mainland China	Remitted back to Taiwan
Chun Yu (Dongguan) Metal Products Co., Ltd. Shanghai Uchee Hardware Products Ltd. Chunyu Group Shanghai Tongsheng Trade Co., Ltd. Shanghai Chun Zu Machinery Industry Ltd. Companyname	Manufacture and trade of screws and nuts Trade of screws and nuts Trade of screws and nuts Manufacture and trade of machinery Accumulated amount of remittance from Taiwan to Mainland China as of December 31, 2023	$ 1,979,889 (Note 1) 30,705 8,169 260,993 (Note 2) Investment amount approved by the Investment Commission of the Ministry of Economic Affairs(MOEA)	(Note 3) (Note 4) (Note 5) (Note 6) Ceiling on investments in Mainland China imposed by the Investment Commission of MOEA(Note 10)	1,479,766 $ 30,705 - 61,410	- $ - - -	- $ - - -	1,479,766 $ 30,705 - 61,410	9,404) ($ 28,762 86 51,700	100% 100% 100% 47.82%	9,404) ($ 28,762 86 24,723	1,022,515 $ 250,195 3,818) ( 244,749	- $ 79,587 (Note 7) - 499,652 (Note 8)	(Note 9) (Note 9) (Note 9) (Note 10)
Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd. Chun Zu Machinery Industry Co., Ltd.	$ 1,735,232 61,420	$ 1,735,232 199,583	$ 3,047,452 638,246

(Note 1) The investment in Chun Yu (Dongguan) Metal Products Co., Ltd. amounted to US$64,481 thousand, consisting of US$48,193 thousand that has been reported to the Investment Commission and US$16,289 thousand from an investment loan from Scholar Holdings Ltd. (Note 2) The paid-in capital of Shanghai Chun Zu Machinery Industry Ltd. amounted to US$8,500 thousand, consisting of US$4,000 thousand from remittance from Chun Zu Machinery Industry Co., Ltd. through its subsidiary, Lion City Management Ltd.

and US$4,500 thousand from capitalisation of retained earnings of Shanghai Chun Zu Machinery Industry Ltd., which were reported to the Investment Commission. In addition, proceeds from capital reduction of Lion City Management Ltd. in 2008 amounting to US$2,000 thousand were reported to the Investment Commission.

(Note 3) Indirect investment in PRC through the existing company (Scholar Holdings Ltd.) located in the third area. (Note 4) Indirect investment in PRC through the existing company (Sunny City International Ltd.) located in the third area. (Note 5) Indirect investment in PRC through the existing company (Shanghai Uchee Hardware Products Ltd.) located in PRC. (Note 6) Indirect investment in PRC through the existing company (Lion City Management Ltd.) located in the third area. (Note 7) It is the cash dividends totaling US$2,592 thousand distributed by Shanghai Uchee Hardware Products Ltd. to Sunny City International Ltd., which then remitted to the Company and Chun Bang Precision Co., Ltd. (Note 8) It is the cash dividends amounting to US$34,029 thousand distributed by Shanghai Chun Zu Machinery Industry Ltd. to Lion City Management Ltd., which then remitted to Chun Zu Machinery Industry Co., Ltd. (Note 9) Investment gains or losses were recognised based on audited financial statements. (Note 10) The ceiling is calculated based on the 60% of the investor’s net assets or consolidated net assets (whichever is higher).

(Note 11) For the amounts denominated in foreign currencies, the paid-in capital, amount of remittance from Taiwan and book value as of December 31, 2023 are translated into New Taiwan dollars at the exchange rate (USD 1 : NTD 30.7050; RMB 1 : NTD 4.3355) prevailing at the financial reporting date, and the net profit (loss) of the investee and investment income (loss) recognised by the Group for the year ended December 31, 2023 are translated into New Taiwan dollars at the average exchange rate for the year ended December 31, 2023 (USD 1 : NTD 31.1773; RMB 1 : NTD 4.4272).

Table 6 Page 1

Chun Yu Works & Co., Ltd. and subsidiaries Major shareholders information

December 31, 2023

Table 7

Unit: shares

Name of major shareholders	Shares	Shares
	Number of shares held	Ownership (%)
Bai Jia Yuan Investment Co., Ltd. Jin Jhih Fu Assets Management Co., Ltd. Chun Yu Investment Co., Ltd.	84,219,450 28,491,850 23,430,172	27.87% 9.43% 7.75%

• (Note) The major shareholders information was derived from the data that the Company issued common shares (including treasury shares) and preference shares in dematerialised form which were registered and held by the shareholders above 5% on the last operating date of each quarter and was calculated by Taiwan Depository & Clearing Corporation. The share capital which was recorded in the financial statements may be different from the actual number of shares issued in dematerialised form due to the different calculation basis.

Table 7 Page 1