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Chargeurs — Audit Report / Information 2008
Apr 20, 2009
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Audit Report / Information
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In 2008, faced with a deep collapse in demand across all of its markets, Chargeurs very quickly initiated the changes required to set it back on the path to profi tability.
ACTION
/ European production capacity massively transferred to low labor-cost geographies, particularly China.
ACTION
/ Investments in innovation and services increased in Europe. // Dedicated services set up for large global accounts.
ACTION
/ Acquisition of the leading interlining producers in China (Yak) and Bangladesh (Etacol). // Partnerships strengthened.
/ The elimination of Chinese textile quotas unleashes a fl ood of imports.
// Highly unfavorable euro/dollar exchange rates.
/// Oil prices spike.
/ Oil prices skyrocket. // Rising raw materials prices. /// Financial markets thrown into turmoil by the subprimes crisis.
HOLDING THE COURSE
/ The euro continued to strengthen against the dollar in 2008, pursuing the upward trend that began several years ago. From \$0.88 in January 2002, the European currency rose to \$1.30 in January 2008 before peaking at \$1.60 in March. Over the full year, it averaged \$1.47, exceeding even our conservative late 2007 projections. This persistent strength hurt products made in the euro zone and sold in the dollar zone. In addition, the British pound weakened against the euro, while a number of Asian currencies, such as the Korean won, the Chinese renminbi and the Hong Kong dollar, remained undervalued during the year. In our manufacturing regions, production costs felt the negative impact of the appreciation in the
Czech koruna against the euro, in the Interlining business, and of the Australian dollar against the US dollar, in the Wool business. Moreover, the fi nancial crisis profoundly disrupted the global economy and aggravated the instability in the currency markets, dimming visibility and making it particularly diffi cult to manage day-to-day operations.
To deal with the wide swings in currency rates, Chargeurs had to take drastic measures. CHARGEURS INTERLINING continued to shift sourcing and production operations to Asia, especially China and Bangladesh, while reducing capacity at certain European locations. As part of this process, the business began to withdraw from manufacturing operations in the Czech Republic, where production costs are now prohibitively high following the strong gains in the Czech koruna. The increase in combing costs caused by the higher Australian dollar prompted CHARGEURS WOOL fi rst to reduce its Australian combing operations by half, then to transfer them to China and fi nally to sell them. In the same way, the extreme volatility in the rand led the business to withdraw from combing operations in South Africa in mid-year, leaving only the marketing operations. Lastly, the combing mill in New Zealand was closed.
CHARGEURS PROTECTIVE FILMS saw its margins strongly weighed by adverse currency movements. Currency hedges were implemented to smooth out excessive fl uctuations in raw materials input costs. In a period of unstable currency rates, it is even more important to proactively address the related risks with responsive pricing policies, inventory reduction programs and
just-in-time production systems.
CURRENCY INSTABILITY
// Oil prices, which had been
steadily rising since the second half of 2004, skyrocketed to new heights in 2008, peaking at more than \$140 a barrel in July. In their wake, energy costs also soared, driving an increase in production costs. Prices of polyethylene, an oil derivative that is the primary protective fi lms feedstock, tracked oil upwards, reaching a record \$1,585 a tonne in August 2008. All the other raw materials followed the same upward trend, further inc reasing production costs. Then in the second half, the price environment suddenly turned downwards, as the fi nancial crisis spread to the real economy and triggered a dizzying drop in oil prices, to \$40 a barrel in December, with the other commodities soon following suit.
CHARGEURS PROTECTIVE FILMS
deployed in 2008 several measures in response to the sharp increase in production costs following the spike in oil prices. Selling prices were adjusted in a variety of ways, including their indexing on polyethylene prices. In addition, research and development programs were stepped up to develop new products that are both more effi cient and less expensive.
Price of oil, 2007-2008, in dollars per barrel
| 150 |
|---|
| 120 |
| 90 |
| 60 |
| 30 |
(Source Direm)
THE OIL CRISIS
/// An intense price war is still raging in all of our wool, interlining and protective fi lms businesses, with impacts on both selling prices and production costs that make it particularly diffi cult to manage. Already aff ected by the weakness in the dollar and other currencies, euro zone output is suff ering from intense competition from Asian producers concerned with using their excess capacity and benefi ting from especially low labor costs. China now dominates the wool market, setting prices and pushing down prices across the textile industry. Its infl uence is overpowering, even though in 2008, Chinese companies saw a serious increase in production costs led by rising wages (up 121% in coastal Chinese textile companies), stricter environmental standards and a temporary reduction in export subsidies. In addition, the downward trend in prices was further exacerbated by the extensive inventory
drawdowns in late 2008 in response to the crisis.
In a stagnating global economy, aligning production facility locations with costs and markets, optimizing production processes, developing innovative products and services and focusing on the most profi table products remain eff ective responses to increasingly aggressive competition. CHARGEURS WOOL has now refocused its industrial operations on competitive combing mills in China and South America after withdrawing from combing operations in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. Moreover, it is carefully selecting contracts with an emphasis on their margins and solidity rather than their volumes.
CHARGEURS INTERLINING after scaling back operations in the Czech Republic, will be able to eff ectively leverage its positions in Asia with competitive manufacturing facilities. In addition, it set up operations in Bangladesh with the January 2008 acquisition of local shirt-interlining company Etacol, thereby raising its share of the global shirt-interlining market to 25%.
CHARGEURS PROTECTIVE FILMS has developed new products that deliver high quality at less cost. To preserve its market share while retaining its European production base, it off ers a portfolio of distinctive services and is focusing on high value added market segments.
Comparative labor costs in the textile industry (in dollars per hour)
| Bangladesh | 0.31 |
|---|---|
| Vietnam | 0.57 |
| India | 0.85 |
| Interior China | 1.44 |
| Coastal China | 1.88 |
| South Africa | 2.58 |
| Morocco | 2.89 |
| Turkey | 4.27 |
| Czech Republic | 7.65 |
| Portugal | 9.45 |
| United States | 17.4 |
| Spain | 18.4 |
| Italy | 22.3 |
| Germany | 25.4 |
France 30.4 PRICE WAR
(Source Werner – 2008)
//// The recession that suddenly struck the global economy in the wake of the US fi nancial crisis is having an adverse impact on every industry around the world. While automotive markets have been among the hardest hit, the construction industry in the United States and Western Europe and the entire apparel sector have also ground to a halt. Plummeting apparel sales in most Western countries caused a sudden slowdown across the garment-making production chain and, further upstream, in the textile business. Faced with declining purchasing power and worried about their economic future, consumers are scaling back clothing purchases in an attempt to balance the family budget.
In the construction-related plastics and metals industries, the increase in commodity prices has also impacted customers in the Protective Films business.
The slowdown has had the positive eff ect of easing the strong upward pressure on commodity prices felt since late 2007.
China, which was driving global market growth, also saw output drop as domestic demand failed to off set the decline in exports.
The crisis in fi nancial market has eroded lender confi dence and made it much more diffi cult for companies to obtain fi nancing for their day-to-day operations.
Lastly, the prospect of a global recession and the very tight credit crunch has severely destabilized stock markets worldwide.
CHARGEURS INTERLINING
after sharply downsizing its Czech production base and shifting to lower cost geographies, is continuing to restructure in Europe to adjust capacity to weaker demand, eliminate loss-making operations and reduce fi xed costs.
CHARGEURS PROTECTIVE FILMS is enhancing its fl exibility so as to respond more eff ectively to increasingly smaller order batches. To preserve market share, the business has also developed new services for its large European accounts.
Carefully managing risks, especially customer default risks, and reducing fi xed costs are even more critically important in a period of uncertainty and business failures. A series of measures have been deployed in each of our businesses to reduce working capital requirement and fi xed costs, decrease debt and support the generation of cash fl ow. Currency hedging and cash management have been optimized by centralizing the processes and using the most eff ective technical tools.
Faced with collapsing demand and the total loss of confi dence among consumers and businesses alike, Chargeurs strove to maintain the trust it has long nurtured with its partners and sharpened its focus on management discipline and quickly returning to profi t.
CHARGEURS WOOL responding energetically to the drop-off in business, drastically curtailed production capacity to align it with projected demand and reduce the shortfall in absorbing fi xed costs. Moreover, by refocusing on fi ne wool grades, the business is positioned to capitalize on the forecast growth in this upmarket segment.
The fall in housing starts,
| 2008/2007. | |
|---|---|
| Germany – 14% |
|
| Italy |
| – 15% |
|---|
| France – 16% |
| Spain – 49% |
United Kingdom – 34%
United States – 33%
Annual growth in apparel spending
| 2007/2006 2008/2007 | ||
|---|---|---|
| France | 1.7% – 2.3% | |
| Germany | – 0.7% – 1.0% | |
| United Kingdom | 3.4% | 1.3% |
| Italy | 0.5% – 1.7% | |
| Spain | 5.8% – 2.7% | |
| United States | 1.7% – 2.3% | |
| China | 1.7% – 2.3% | |
COLLAPSing MARKETs
HOLDING THE COURSE
Eduardo Malone – Chairman and Chief Executive Offi cer
The fi rst half of 2008 was much like the preceding year, with soaring oil prices, a weak dollar and a sudden spike in commodity prices. But by the summer the subprimes driven fi nancial crisis was already beginning to profoundly shake up the global economy. The ensuring crisis has been of epic proportions, with western economies in free fall, growth slowing in Asia, markets shrinking, banking systems frozen and credit drying up.
Chargeurs has delivered the fast, right, response using its experience in dealing with a number of diffi cult situations since it was created in 1996.
The strategic reengineering we have forged to manage businesses in industries where sustainable profi tability is diffi cult to obtain, has been based on a disciplined asset management and fi nancing model. It is built on accurate risk measurement, extremely detailed risk management and the development of practices that constantly take account of the cost of capital employed. Moreover, the fi nancing transactions put together with management professionals such as insurers, fi nancial institutions and investors are backed by the regular, methodical controls conducted for every securitization transaction. Focused on its industrial operations in China and South America, Chargeurs Wool now has a production base adapted to demand and aligned with the competitiveness required in a market place shaped by global overcapacity. Chargeurs Interlining, which has used acquisitions and partnerships to actively expand its presence in low-labor cost countries, needs to complete the process of rebalancing its business base by sharply scaling back capital invested in uncompetitive European operations. While Chinese textile and other exports have fallen precipitously, Chargeurs Interlinings' local operations represent its major competitive advantage in a country with a vast domestic market and companies active across the textile chain. At the same time, it will step up its technological diversifi cation, which off ers interesting growth opportunities.
Chargeurs Protective Films is faced with a severe recession and has to off set higher production costs by developing more eff ective products and services that are increasingly resonant with customer needs. Chargeurs will continue to carefully manage risks, emphasize margins and cash fl ow rather than volumes, reduce capital employed, especially in working capital, and step up the development of innovative products and services. While no one can predict when the recovery will come, we are doing everything we can to ensure that the Group will benefi t from it as quickly and eff ectively as possible. Regardless of how rough the seas, Chargeurs has always stayed the course. We are all totally committed to demonstrating our ability to overcome the challenges we have to meet in the global crisis.
| HIGHLIGHTS (in euro millions) |
2008 | |
|---|---|---|
| 2007* | ||
| Revenue | 599.2 | 713.5 |
| Operating profi t/(loss) | (31.7) | |
| Net profi t/(loss) | (56.2) | 27.7 15.6 |
| Cash fl ow = net profi t before depreciation, amortization and provision expense |
2.6 | 22.1 |
GROUP PROFILE
Chargeurs is a listed, global, diversifi ed Group that invests for the long term and holds leadership positions in niche markets, both in manufacturing and in services. It is currently expanding its business in surface protection, with Chargeurs Protective Films, technical textiles, with Chargeurs Interlining, and raw material processing, with Chargeurs Wool.
In 2008, consolidated revenue totaled €599 million, of which 94% was generated outside France. Chargeurs employs nearly 2,700 people in 37 countries.
BUSINESSES
Chargeurs Protective Films
Chargeurs Interlining
fabrics.
Chargeurs Wool
The world leader, Chargeurs Protective Films off ers manufacturers solutions for the temporary protection of sensitive surfaces at all stages in the production process.
The world leader, Chargeurs Interlining markets both a comprehensive range of interlinings suited to a variety of garment fabrics and a line of technical
A world leader in its business, Chargeurs Wool specializes in topmaking, whose expertise consists in designing wool blends that successfully meet
the needs of spinning mills.
Revenue by region
Asia/Africa 48% Americas 17% Europe 35%
12
INVESTOR INFORMATION
CHANGES IN SHARE CAPITAL
| Number of shares outstanding at January 1, 2008 | 10,377,097 |
|---|---|
| Number of shares outstanding at December 31, 2008 | 10,377,097 |
At March 31, 2009, the company's share capital stood at €166,033,552, divided into 10,377,097 shares with a par value of €16.
TREASURY STOCK
(article L. 225-211 of the French Commercial Code)
| Number of shares held in treasury as of December 31, 2007 | 13,334 |
|---|---|
| Number of shares held in treasury as of December 31, 2008(1) | 13,334 |
| representing 0.1% of the capital |
(1) Total cost: €230,851.35, representing an average price per share of €17.31.
At December 31, 2008, the company also held 118,100 Chargeurs shares purchased under the liquidity contract in eff ect since May 16, 2007. These shares, representing 1.1% of the capital, were purchased at a total cost of €1,328,725, representing an average price per share of €11.25.
NUMBER OF CHARGEURS SHARES HELD BY SUBSIDIARIES
As of December 31, 2008: 0.
MARKET FOR THE COMPANY'S SHARES
Chargeurs shares are traded on the NYSE Euronext Paris stock market (ISIN: 13069).
DIVIDENDS
(article 47 of the Act of July 12, 1965)
| (in euros per share) | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dividend | 0 | 0.65 | 0.65 |
OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE
(based on the January 31, 2009 TPI survey of identifi able holders of bearer shares)
SHAREHOLDERS OWNING MORE THAN 5% OF SHARE CAPITAL
| (as of December 31, 2008) | Number of shares |
% interest | % voting rights |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pathé(1) | 2,734,035 | 26.35 | 26.10 |
| Ojej(1) | 11,000 | 0.11 | 0.21 |
| Jérôme Seydoux | 1,341 | 0.01 | 0.03 |
| Sofi Emy(2) | 655,195 | 6.31 | 6.25 |
| Eduardo Malone | 7,163 | 0.07 | 0.07 |
| The Baupost Group(3) | 1,245,371 | 12.00 | 11.89 |
| Harris Associates/ Oakmark Funds(3) |
1,108,759 | 10.68 | 10.58 |
| La Financière de l'Échiquier |
768,114 | 7.40 | 7.33 |
| HMG Finance | 603,500 | 5.82 | 5.76 |
(1) Companies controlled by Jérôme Seydoux. (2) Company controlled by Eduardo Malone.
(3) US investment funds.
Jérôme Seydoux, Eduardo Malone and the companies that they control together hold 32.85% of Chargeurs' capital and 32.65% of the voting rights, which are exercised in concert.
Chargeurs shares (monthly highs and lows) SBF 250 (index base = €17.05 on January 2, 2008) Monthly trading volume
ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT
INTRODUCTION
As part of the Group's risk management policies, the Managing Directors of the subsidiaries have signed the Chargeurs Environmental Charter, comprising guidelines on anticipating and preventing environmental risks, as well as a set of short, medium and long-term objectives. Progress towards meeting these goals is monitored at quarterly intervals by the Group Risks Committee.
In 2008, environmental data were collected at the 19 primary production plants operated during the year (three Protective Films plants, 14 Interlining plants and two Wool plants). These raw data were then used to calculate indicator performance for the year. Most of the data reported below are expressed on a unit-of-production basis, corresponding to one square kilometer of film or fabric for the Protective Films and Interlining businesses, and one tonne of combed wool for the Wool business.
The same criteria have been applied as in 2007, allowing direct yearon-year comparisons.
Waste production
The quantity of non-hazardous waste remained unchanged, while the volume of hazardous waste increased by more than 9%. In the United States, the Troy, Ohio plant introduced its waste recycling program during the year.
Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions
The steep 47.9% decline in VOC emissions reflected both the high solvent recovery rate at the French plant and the sharp decrease in output made with glue containing unrecoverable solvents.
RESULTS
Chargeurs Protective Films
Energy and water consumption
Although gas and water consumption at the French plant declined by a marked 4.6% and 12.5% respectively, overall energy and water use rose by 8.7% and 4% respectively during the year, led by a surge in consumption at the Italian plant.
Water use (m3 /km2
Environmental initiatives and management
Three people are employed full-time to deal with environmental, health and safety issues in France, and one person works full-time on these issues in Italy. The French plant, which earned ISO 14001 certification in December 2008, is continuing to consolidate its environmental management system in 2009. It is also starting to introduce an occupational health and safety management system with a view to earning OHSAS 18001 certification in 2010. The Italian plant, which already has ISO 9001 and ISO 14000 certification, became OHSAS 18001-certified in May 2008.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Chargeurs Interlining
In 2008 the scope of reporting was extended to 14 plants from four in previous years.
Energy and water consumption
Energy and water consumption per unit of production declined in 2008 due to the inclusion of more energy and water-efficient plants.
Water use (m3 /km2
Waste production
Waste production declined across the board.
Environmental initiatives and management
In 2008, the average number of environmental, health and safety management staff per site was one full-time equivalent employee.
Chargeurs Wool
Energy and water consumption
Energy consumption per tonne produced was down a significant 17.7% on 2007, while water consumption increased by a slight 2.5%.
Water use (m3 /t)
Waste production
The quantity of non-hazardous waste generated per production unit increased by 75.5%, while hazardous waste production has been completely eliminated.
The breakdown of disposal methods has changed due to the smaller scope of reporting.
Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions
Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions continued to fall sharply, by 29.6% in 2008.
Environmental initiatives and management
The Chinese plant maintained ISO 14001-certification of its environmental management system. The plant in Uruguay is currently introducing an ISO 14001-compliant environmental management system, and should earn certification in 2009. In 2008, it was awarded the Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS) label guaranteeing the organic status of its wool. In addition, tops produced at both plants carry the Öko-Tex 100 ecolabel, certifying that measures have been taken to limit the use of certain chemicals during the production process and that fabrics made from the wool do not contain any harmful substances.
EMPLOYEE INFORMATION
For Chargeurs, sustainable development means deploying resources and implementing action plans to manage the present and thereby guarantee the Group's long-term viability. The global economy was thrown into deep turmoil in 2008, slowing demand in our markets throughout the year before causing a sudden collapse in business in November. In response, drastic measures were undertaken to rightsize capacity, with Chargeurs Wool pulling out of combing operations in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, and Chargeurs Interlining adjusting its European production base, initiating withdrawal from the Czech Republic and continuing to expand in low labor-cost regions, particularly in Asia.
EMPLOYEES
As of December 31, 2008, the Group had 2,671 employees, 10.8% fewer than at year-end 2007. The decline reflected a 36% decrease at Chargeurs Wool, following deconsolidation of three combing mills, and a 15% reduction in Chargeurs Interlining's European headcount, partially offset by an increase in Asia with the consolidation of Etacol in Bangladesh. Groupwide, employee numbers declined by 10% in Europe, 8% in the Americas. The Asia-Africa region declined by 12.6% mainly from Chargeurs Wool. Our 728 employees in China now represent 27.3% of the Group total versus 25.1% at the end of 2007. Operations in France employed 27.7% of the total workforce at year-end 2008.
Women accounted for 30.5% of the workforce, versus 31% in 2007, with the percentage standing at 33% for Chargeurs Interlining, 29% for Chargeurs Wool and 17% for Chargeurs Protective Films. Temporary staff were equivalent to 3.3% of total employees on the payroll.
COMPENSATION
A significant proportion of managers receive performance-related bonuses, in line with our value creation strategy.
Directors' compensation
In accordance with the Act of July 3, 2008, the following information is based on France's corporate governance code and Afep-Medef guidelines on the disclosure of corporate officers' compensation packages.
The total gross base compensation paid to Eduardo Malone, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, by Group companies in 2008 totaled €452,171, compared with €451,009 in 2007. This amount included €350,000 in salary and €91,469 in directors fees (both unchanged from 2007), as well as the use of a company car, valued at €10,702 compared with €9,540 in 2007. Mr Malone's incentive bonus is tied to Group earnings and represents a percentage of his base salary, as determined by the Board of Directors. The bonus paid in 2008 based on 2007 results amounted to €95,000, compared with €80,000 paid in 2007 in respect of 2006.
The gross base compensation paid in 2008 to Jérôme Seydoux, Vice-Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, amounted to €50,000, comprised entirely of salary and unchanged from 2007.
The total fees awarded to the members of the Board of Directors for 2008 amounted to €30,000. Eduardo Malone and Jérôme Seydoux do not receive any fees in their capacity as Directors of Chargeurs.
TRAINING
We are more than ever committed to giving our employees the opportunity to improve their skills. In line with our decentralized management structure, training programs are the responsibility of the Directors of the individual units. The number of employees who received training rose to 36% of the workforce in 2008 from 30% in 2007, but the average number of training hours declined slightly year-on-year. This reflected the sustained deployment of safety training classes, which were attended by most employees in a number of production units, and the fact that workforce adjustment programs sharply reduced the time available for training.
SAFETY
The risk management policy implemented at each stage of the operating process places considerable emphasis on employee safety. The frequency rate improved to 10.57 from 18.47 in 2007, but the severity rate rose to 0.82 from 0.46.
In the textile businesses, the Group's average worldwide frequency rate stood at 10.2, compared with 35.1 for the textile industry in France, where safety regulations are often stricter than in many other countries, and the average worldwide severity rate was 0.91, compared with 1.65 for the textile industry in France.
For Chargeurs Protective Films, the average frequency rate was 12.4 and the average severity rate was 0.45, compared with chemical/ rubber/plastics industry averages of 20.50 and 0.96 respectively.
SOCIAL DIALOGUE
In connection with its decentralized, empowered organization, Chargeurs has always been strategically committed to promoting social dialogue, especially with employee representatives. In France, for example, the proportion of trade union representatives has remained unchanged for many years, despite the downsizing programs, at around 4% of the workforce. Local employee representation is backed by a Group Works Council in France and a European Committee for Social Dialogue designed to promote constructive exchanges of views between the Executive Committee and employee representatives coming from France, the Czech Republic and Italy.
HUMAN RESOURCES INDICATORS
the accounts (in euros millions)
| Employees | Defi nition | Measurement unit | Scope | At Dec. 31, 2007 | At Dec. 31, 2008 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total employees | Employees on the payroll at December 31 |
Employees under permanent and fi xed-term contracts |
World | 2,996 | 2,671 |
| Use of temporary staff |
Temporary staff | % of total employees under permanent and fi xed-term contracts |
World | 5.2% | 3.3% |
| Employees | Group employees by business | – Headquarters | World | 15 | 12 |
| by business | – Chargeurs Protective Films | World | 595 | 573 | |
| – Chargeurs Interlining | World | 1,727 | 1,633 | ||
| – Chargeurs Wool | World | 549 | 350 | ||
| – Other | World | 110 | 103 | ||
| Employees | Group employees | – France | 808 | 740 | |
| by region | – Rest of Europe | 530 | 460 | ||
| – Asia/Africa | 1,218 | 1,065 | |||
| – Americas | 440 | 406 | |||
| Chargeurs Protective Films | – Europe | 78% | 79% | ||
| – Asia/Africa | 5% | 5% | |||
| – Americas | 17% | 16% | |||
| Chargeurs Interlining | – Europe | 49% | 44% | ||
| – Asia/Africa | 39% | 45% | |||
| – Americas | 12% | 11% | |||
| Chargeurs Wool | – Europe | 3% | 5% | ||
| – Asia/Africa | 74% | 58% | |||
| – Americas | 23% | 37% | |||
| Gender parity | Group employees | Number of men | World | 2,071 | 1,857 |
| Number of women | World | 925 | 814 | ||
| Percentage of women | World | 31% | 30.5% | ||
| Training | Defi nition | Measurement unit | Scope | At Dec. 31, 2007 | At Dec. 31, 2008 |
| Number of persons trained |
Employees who attended at least one training course |
% of total employees | World | 30% | 36% |
| Training hours | Time spent in training by employees who attended at least one training course |
Average training hours per person |
World | 18 hours | 17 hours |
| Safety | Defi nition | Measurement unit | Scope | At Dec. 31, 2007 | At Dec. 31, 2008 |
| Accidents | Frequency rate: number of occupational accidents per million hours worked |
Occupational accidents resulting in at least one day lost time |
World | 18.47 | 10.57 |
| Absenteeism due to occupational accidents |
Severity rate: number of days' absence per thousand hours worked |
Days lost due to an occupational accident |
World | 0.46 | 0.82 |
| Compensation | Defi nition | Measurement unit | Scope | At Dec. 31, 2007 | At Dec. 31, 2008 |
| Payroll costs | Annual payroll costs recorded in | Total employees of fully consoli | World | 97.10 | 80.0 |
dated companies worldwide
CHAIRMAN'S REPORT ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND INTERNAL CONTROL
REFERENCE
In light of its size, Chargeurs has not applied the recommendations of the Afep-Medef corporate governance code of December 2008. The Group's corporate governance and internal control practices and procedures are based on the general principles of internal control defined by the French securities regulator (Autorité des Marchés Financiers) in its February 25, 2008 document entitled "Cadre de référence du contrôle interne: Guide de mise en œuvre pour les valeurs moyennes et petites", which provides internal control reference guidelines for small- and mid-cap companies.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Members
The membership of the Board of Directors is presented in the Corporate Governance section of the Annual Report, page 58.
Organization of the work of the Board of Directors
The Board of Directors, comprising the Chairman and four Directors, meets four times a year: twice to examine the interim and annual financial statements, once to review Group strategy in relation to the budget and the business plan, and once after the Annual General Meeting to implement the decisions voted by shareholders. At each meeting, the directors also discuss the Group's business performance, major projects and the matters submitted to the Board for a decision. The work of the Board is supported by that of the Finance Committee, which meets once a month.
Compensation paid to the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer by Group companies is set by the Board of Directors. His incentive bonus is tied to Group results and represents a percentage of his base salary. In light of 2008 results, no bonus will be paid in 2009.
INTERNAL CONTROL
Definition
Internal control is a system that the Company defines and implements under my own responsibility to provide assurance concerning:
– Compliance with laws and regulations.
– Implementation of the instructions and guidelines set by senior management or the Board of Directors.
– Efficient operation of the company's internal processes, particularly those contributing to the protection of its assets.
– Reliability of financial reporting.
More generally, it contributes to the control of the company's business, the effectiveness of its operations and the efficient use of its resources. By helping to anticipate and control risks that could prevent the company from meeting its objectives, internal control plays a key role in managing and overseeing its various business operations.
Components of the internal control system
An efficient organization
The Group is organized around a lean holding company structure, core businesses each with their own small holding company team, and a large number of operating subsidiaries. Empowering the operating companies is a fundamental principle at Chargeurs and one that is made possible by efficient information systems that provide the holding company with high quality financial information and the means to swiftly identify risks. In recent years, the rollout of the "Dolly" model has placed risk identification and management at center stage.
The Dolly model is based on obtaining accurate information about risks so that they can be actively managed. For the Dolly financial structures to operate effectively, it is essential to analyze and eliminate a large number of risks. The transactions, put together with risk management professionals such as insurers, banks and investors, automatically bring with them the controls that are a standard feature of securitizations. Chargeurs is engaged in several very different businesses and has operations around the world. To take into account this diversity and the specificities of the Dolly model, we have implemented organizational measures designed to manage the risks that are likely to have a material adverse effect on our earnings, assets and commitments. The cornerstones of the system are:
– Empowerment and accountability: the Chairmen and Managing Directors of the subsidiaries have full responsibility for managing their units.
- Short lines of communication.
- Regular reporting on strategic issues.
- Group insurance programs covering all insurable risks.
– An Insurance Risk Management Committee, with the participation of the Risk Managers of the core businesses.
– Group-wide Intranet access to operational procedures and rules.
A system to map and analyze the main identifiable risks
Every month, the Executive Committee pinpoints mission-critical issues and appoints the most appropriate manager for each one, regardless of his/her position relative to other managers. A specific reporting system is in place so that I am informed directly, at regular intervals, of the status of these managers' work. The quality of their status reports is one of the areas covered during their annual performance review. The issues dealt with generally concern events that could have a material adverse effect on our financial results and our Group's various risk exposures.
An outside consulting firm, specialized in economic forecasting, is used to help evaluate macro-economic risks specific to each of our host countries. The consultants periodically present their findings to the Executive Committee and model certain specific risks when requested by one of our businesses.
Chargeurs occasionally retains the services of specialized firms to either perform key analyses or temporarily support its operational teams when critical projects are being implemented. This organization places the Executive Committee at the center of the risk management process.
An information system focused on accountability
Chargeurs' information system is based on the monthly income statements and key balance sheet indicators reported by each of our 75 consolidated companies. We have long been committed to producing high quality financial information. Back in 1980, we were one of the first companies in France to set up a monthly management reporting system based on
CHAIRMAN'S REPORT ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND INTERNAL CONTROL
the same accounting standards used to produce the statutory consolidated financial statements. Over the years, this process has been improved and, since 2000, management and statutory reporting data are managed by the same information system. With the generation of the consolidated accounts now simply the last phase in the process, this ensures constant control over the production of financial information. Each subsidiary's Managing Director and Finance Director send me comments on their monthly results, presented in a standard format. I review these results, together with the updated annual forecasts reflecting the impact of any new developments, during monthly meetings with the Managing Directors of the core businesses.
Control procedures sized to address the challenges of each process
Accounting and financial risks
Since 2003, the main management processes have been analyzed in order to document and map financial statement risks, the related potential financial impact and the internal controls in place to contain them. As part of this exercise, each core business has identified the three or four most sensitive processes and reviewed the highest risk transactions within each one. The procedures in place to manage and control these transactions have also been identified.
These analyses serve to prioritize future measures, representing the starting point for the Group's drive to strengthen control over its processes.
Operational risks
Steps taken in 2007 to strengthen the value of Chargeurs' assets were pursued in 2008, with the most significant operations for each core business being as follows:
– Chargeurs Protective Films: introduction of a costing system that takes into account feedstock price volatility.
– Chargeurs Interlining: acquisition of Etacol in Bangladesh to continue expanding the business in Asia.
– Chargeurs Wool: sale of combing operations in Australia and of the investment in combing operations in South Africa.
Constant oversight of internal control procedures
Supervising internal control
The subsidiaries' Finance Directors are responsible for controlling the accounting and reporting processes. Second-tier controls are performed by the Finance Directors of the core businesses as part of their oversight role with regard to the subsidiaries.
Internal audit
Chargeurs does not have its own internal audit department and therefore generally relies on local specialized firms in each region. An internal control self-assessment process was initiated in the second half of 2007, which consisted of sending all subsidiaries – except for holding companies – a copy of the guidelines published by the Autorité des Marchés Financiers relating to subsidiaries' compliance with internal control procedures. The following areas were covered:
– Financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements.
- Capital expenditure and divestments.
- Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets.
- Non-current financial assets.
- Purchases and trade payables.
- Production costs, inventories and work-in-progress.
- Revenue from external operations and trade receivables.
- Cash and cash equivalents.
Each subsidiary's Managing Director and Financial Controller duly completed the related questionnaires, which were signed by the subsidiary's Managing Director before being sent to head office. The information contained in these questionnaires was subsequently summarized in a business-specific data sheet, enabling us to identify any internal control weaknesses by business, procedure and company, and to implement any requisite corrective measures.
Specific initiatives in 2008
The specific internal control initiatives carried out by each of the Group's businesses in 2008 were limited to the following, due to the extent of operational challenges:
– Chargeurs Protective Films: information systems security audit.
– Chargeurs Interlining: audit of inventories and receivables processes at one of the subsidiaries, performed by an independent firm.
– Chargeurs Wool: implementation of systems to manage financial flows on a consolidated basis.
External audit
Two audit firms share the task of auditing our consolidated financial statements. All of the local Auditors' observations arising from their audits of our subsidiaries' accounts are reported to the subsidiaries' senior management. The Group Auditors produce a summary of these observations, which is presented to me during twice-yearly meetings. The Group Finance Department is responsible for ensuring that the Auditors' recommendations involving organizational changes or changes to procedures are implemented without delay. The representation letters issued by the subsidiaries' Managing Directors to the Auditors are centralized by Chargeurs, to emphasize each Managing Director's accountability for information related to his or her subsidiary included in the Group financial statements.
The internal control situation at the end of 2008
I believe that internal control procedures related to the processing and preparation of accounting and financial information at the end of 2008 were appropriate considering the Group's characteristics. As these characteristics make in-depth testing of our processes very costly, few such tests are currently performed. Further investments will be committed in coming years in this area. The 2009 action plan is based on the following strategic priorities:
– Finalizing reorganization of the management and statutory reporting process with a view to upgrading our information systems.
– Launching a variety of specific initiatives that will be defined during the first half of the year.
– Setting up an audit committee.
– Establishing general financial risk reviews within each business.
SHAREHOLDER PARTICIPATION IN GENERAL MEETINGS
The article 19 of the bylaws, relative to attendance and representation at General Meetings, provides that:
– Shareholders may appoint their spouse or another shareholder as their proxy, in accordance with the law.
– Minors and incapacitated persons may be represented by their legal guardian or conservator, and companies and other legal entities may be represented by a person with the power of attorney or other authority, in accordance with the law.
– Spouses, guardians, conservators and other representatives are not required to be shareholders of Chargeurs.
– In order to take part in a General Meeting, shareholders must be able to provide evidence that their shares are recorded in a securities account, or deposit the shares or present a certificate attesting that the shares have been deposited, at least five days prior to the Meeting, in compliance with the instructions provided in the notice of Meeting.
– For any given Meeting, the Board of Directors may, at its discretion, advance the above-mentioned deadline or waive the requirement to deposit the shares.
– The Board may decide to issue admission cards to eligible persons in their name and for their use only.
– Shareholders can vote by filling out and returning to the company a postal or proxy form, in accordance with the applicable regulations.
– Prior to each Meeting, the Board may decide that shareholders who take part in the Meeting via video conference or any other telecommunication means that allows them to be identified and whose nature and conditions of use are determined by a decree of the Conseil d'État are deemed present and included for quorum and majority purposes.
ITEMS LIKELY TO HAVE AN IMPACT IN THE EVENT OF A PUBLIC TENDER OFFER
None of the items mentioned in article L. 225.100-3- of the French Commercial Code is likely to have an impact in the event of a public tender offer, except for the following:
– The company's capital structure, as described in the Report of the Board of Directors presented at the Annual General Meeting and published on Chargeurs' website.
– Direct or indirect investments in the company's shares of which Chargeurs is notified pursuant to articles L. 233-7 and L. 233-12 of the French Commercial Code, and which are discussed in the Report of the Board of Directors presented at the Annual General Meeting and published on Chargeurs' website.
– The rules governing the election or replacement of Board members and changes to the company's bylaws, referred to in article 9, 10 and 12 of the bylaws.
– The powers of the members of the Board of Directors, defined in article 14 of the bylaws.
Eduardo Malone, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer March 2009
REPORT OF THE VICE-PRESIDENT, FINANCE 2008 FINANCIAL RESULTS
INCOME STATEMENTS
Consolidated revenue
Revenue for the year totaled €599.2 million, down 16% at comparable scope of consolidation (excluding Fashion) and down 14% excluding the currency effect. 80% of the decline, which concerned all of the Group's businesses, was attributable to falling volumes, with the fourth quarter alone accounting for 46% of the volume effect.
Revenue by business
Chargeurs Protective Films enjoyed sustained demand in the first half. However, beginning in the fourth quarter, the impact of the financial crisis on the construction market caused business to contract sharply as companies across the building materials production chain massively drew down inventories. Fourth-quarter revenue consequently fell 17%, dragging the total revenue decline to 8.1% for the year.
Revenue for Chargeurs Interlining ended the year down 11.5% from 2007, reflecting changes in the scope of consolidation, a negative impact from the decline in the US dollar and certain linked currencies, such as the South Korean won and the Hong Kong dollar, against the euro, and reduced volumes in Europe.
Chargeurs Wool reported a 26.7% decline in revenue for 2008, primarily due to lower business volumes and also to the downward trend in wool prices that steepened in the second half.
Revenue performance was uneven across the year, with an 8% downturn in the first quarter giving way to a 26% contraction in the fourth quarter, which was severely affected by the global financial and economic crisis. The proportion of sales generated outside France continued to rise over the period, representing 94%. The weighting of the main geographic markets confirmed the trends observed in prior years. China reaffirmed its position as our largest market and continued to generate an increasing proportion of revenue, accounting for nearly 20% of the total in 2008. Italy remained our second largest market, contributing close to 17% of revenue and Germany was once again the third largest with 9.5%, while the United States overtook France to become the fourth largest market with 8.3% of revenue versus France's 6.1%.
Operating profit
Chargeurs Protective Films' operating profit demonstrated firm resilience in a fragile environment, ending the year at €13.1 million thanks to the introduction of new, less expensive products.
Plummeting apparel sales in most Western countries caused a sudden slowdown in the garment-making production chain and, further upstream, in the textile business. In response, Chargeurs Interlining stepped up programs to align its European production base with weaker demand and began closing its manufacturing facilities in the Czech Republic. The cost of all these measures totalled €25.9 million in 2008, causing the operating loss to come to €23.7 million for the year. Excluding these reorganization measures, Chargeurs Interlining would have reported operating profit of €2.2 million. To leverage Asia's competitive manufacturing resources, the business continued to expand its presence in the region with the early 2008 acquisition of Bangladeshbased shirt-interlining company Etacol, thereby raising its share of the global shirt interlining market to 25%.
REPORT OF THE VICE-PRESIDENT, FINANCE
In light of the sharp slowdown in the wool market, Chargeurs Wool pulled out of combing operations in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa during the year. The total impact of closures and divestments recognized in 2008 was €4.5 million, contributing to Chargeurs Wool's operating loss of €6.9 million.
Net financial expense
Finance costs and other financial income and expense, net totaled €11.5 million versus €11.0 million in 2007, and comprised both finance costs and receivables factoring costs. The amount includes provisions for finance receivables in an amount of €3.3 million and financial income of €1.4 million corresponding to late interest on a tax receivable sold on a no recourse basis to a financial institution.
Share of profits and losses of associates
The share of profits and losses of associates was a negative €7.9 million versus a positive €1.5 million in 2007. The change was mainly attributable to Chargeurs' share of the losses of Fashion Company.
Income tax expense
The €5.8 million total for this item breaks down as (i) a current tax charge of €4.0 million; (ii) the €7.6 million proceeds from the no recourse sale of a tax receivable; and (iii) a net deferred tax charge of €9.4 million reflecting mainly the €9.9 million valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets on tax loss carry-forwards. The allowance was recorded following adjustments to the three businesses' 2009 and 2010 business plans leading to a reduction in estimated future taxable profits.
Net loss
A net loss of €56.2 million was recorded for 2008 versus a net profit of €15.6 million in 2007. The 2008 loss reflects the following non-recurring items:
– Reorganization costs and provisions that deepened the businesses' operating losses by €34.1 million.
– €14.8 million in losses and asset write-downs relating to the investment in Fashion Company, of which €3.8 million was recorded under operating expense, €3.3 million under financial expense and €7.7 million under share of profits/(losses) of associates.
– The total proceeds of €9.0 million from the no recourse sale of a tax receivable and collection of late interest on the receivable, and a valuation allowance of €9.9 million recorded against deferred tax assets on tax loss carry-forwards.
BALANCE SHEET AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Net bank debt at December 31, 2008 amounted to €84.2 million versus €55 million at the previous year-end. The increase mainly reflected the sharp fourth-quarter downturn in demand, which prevented the Group from lowering its working capital requirement to satisfactory levels in relation to revenue. In fact, working capital requirement increased €25.5 million over the period. Of the €84.2 million total, €62.1 million consisted of medium-term debt, of which €20.3 million is repayable in 2008. Together, the various Chargeurs companies had cash and cash equivalents of €57.8 million at December 31, 2008.
For several years, the Group has sold receivables under no recourse agreements. Until 2004, the amounts involved were disclosed in note 10 to the consolidated financial statements. Unlike under the French accounting standards applied in 2004, IAS 39 requires us to consider factors other than the transfer of title to determine whether financial assets should be reported in the balance sheet (see note 3 to the consolidated financial statements). At the end of 2005, in view of the fact that this issue was still being discussed by the experts and no final official position had been taken, it was deemed prudent to keep these receivables on balance sheet, using a separate line to indicate they did not belong to Chargeurs, and to record a factoring liability for the amount of the cash proceeds received. This accounting method continued to be applied in 2008.
PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The parent company reported an operating loss of €2.8 million in 2008, corresponding to expenses for the year. This represented an improvement of €1.9 million over 2007. Finance costs and other financial income and expense, net came to €94.4 million, due mainly to the recognition of €107.9 million worth of provisions to align the carrying amount of securities held with the market situation at the year-end. Net non-recurring income came to €11.8 million, corresponding mainly to €10 million in reversals of impairment losses on shares sold during the year. The company reported a pre-tax loss of €85.4 million. A tax benefit of €0.9 million was recorded, corresponding to group relief. The company ended the year with a net loss of €84.5 million.
Christophe Pothier, Vice-President, Finance March 2009
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CONTENTS
| Consolidated balance sheets | 23 |
|---|---|
| Consolidated income statements | 24 |
| Consolidated cash fl ow statements | 25 |
| Consolidated statement of changes in equity | 26 |
| Notes to the consolidated fi nancial statements |
27 |
| Statutory Auditors' reports | 56 |
| Corporate Governance | 58 |
| Assets | 2008 | 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Non-current assets | ||
| Property, plant and equipment (note 5) 70.7 89.4 | ||
| Intangible assets (note 6) 70.1 63.7 | ||
| Investments in associates (note 9) 18.0 25.1 | ||
| Deferred tax assets (note 11) 20.0 29.2 | ||
| Non-current fi nancial assets | ||
| – Investments in non-consolidated companies (note 8) 2.0 3.1 | ||
| – Long-term loans and receivables (note 10) 9.3 9.3 | ||
| Derivative instruments (note 15) | ||
| Other non-current assets (note 12) 5.3 6.6 | ||
| 195.4 | 226.4 | |
| Current assets | ||
| Inventories and work-in-progress (note 13) 136.2 155.2 | ||
| Trade receivables (note 14) 75.9 82.5 | ||
| Factored receivables* 64.7 82.5 | ||
| Derivative instruments (note 15) 1.3 1.8 | ||
| Other receivables (note 16) 59.4 74.9 | ||
| Cash and cash equivalents (note 17) 57.8 110.3 | ||
| 395.3 | 507.2 | |
| Total assets 590.7 733.6 | ||
| Equity and liabilities | ||
| Equity (note 18) | ||
| Attributable to equity holders of the parent | ||
| Share capital (note 18) 166.0 166.0 | ||
| Share premium account32.2 32.2 | ||
| Other reserves and retained earnings (note 18) 49.9 38.5 | ||
| Profi t/(loss) for the period (56.2)15.4 | ||
| Treasury stock (1.6)(0.8) | ||
| Translation reserve (8.1) (13.9) | ||
| 182.2 | 237.4 | |
| Minority interests6.3 5.4 | ||
| Total equity 188.5 242.8 | ||
| Non-current liabilities | ||
| Long-term borrowings (note 21) 41.8 56.7 | ||
| Deferred tax liabilities (note 11) 1.3 1.4 | ||
| Pension and other post-employment benefi t obligations (note 19) 10.3 11.5 | ||
| Provisions (note 20) 7.2 3.9 | ||
| Other non-current liabilities 0.4 0.8 | ||
| 61.0 | 74.3 | |
| Current liabilities Trade payables (note 22) 116.5 157.0 |
||
| Other payables (note 22) 55.1 61.5 | ||
| Factoring liabilities* 64.7 82.5 | ||
| Current income tax liability2.1 2.6 | ||
| Derivative instruments (note 15) 2.6 4.7 | ||
| Short-term portion of long-term borrowings (note 21) 20.3 26.9 | ||
| Short-term bank loans and overdrafts (note 21) 79.9 81.3 | ||
| 341.2 | 416.5 | |
| Total equity and liabilities 590.7 733.6 |
| 2008 | 2007 | |
|---|---|---|
| Revenue 599.2 789.6 | ||
| Cost of sales (489.1) (624.2) | ||
| Gross profi t 110.1 165.4 | ||
| Distribution costs (65.3) (79.6) | ||
| Administrative expenses (39.6) (47.7) | ||
| Research and development costs (note 24) (4.2) (9.4) | ||
| Other operating income and expense (note 25) (32.7) 0.0 | ||
| Operating profi t/(loss) (31.7) 28.7 | ||
| Finance costs and other fi nancial expense (18.5) (14.5) | ||
| Financial income 7.0 3.5 | ||
| Finance costs and other fi nancial income and expense, net (note 27) (11.5) (11.0) | ||
| Share of profi t/(loss) of associates (7.9) 1.5 | ||
| Pre-tax profi t/(loss) for the period(51.1) 19.2 | ||
| Income tax expense (note 28) (5.8) (4.1) | ||
| Profi t/(loss) for the period (56.9) 15.1 | ||
| Attributable to: | ||
| Equity holders of the parent (56.2) 15.4 | ||
| Minority interests (0.7) (0.3) | ||
| Earnings/(loss) per share (in euros) | ||
| – Basic earnings/(loss) per share (5.5) 1.5 | ||
| – Diluted earnings/(loss) per share (5.5) 1.5 | ||
| Weighted average number of shares outstanding 10,299,975 10,253,666 |
| 2008 | 2007 | |
|---|---|---|
| Cash fl ows from operating activities | ||
| Pre-tax profi t of consolidated companies (43.3) 17.8 | ||
| Adjustments (note 31) 41.8 11.2 | ||
| Income tax refunded/(paid)4.1 (6.3) | ||
| Cash generated from operations 2.6 22.7 | ||
| Dividends from associates 1.3 0.3 | ||
| Change in operating working capital (25.5) (29.7) | ||
| Net cash used by operating activities (21.6) (6.7) | ||
| Cash fl ows from investing activities | ||
| Acquisitions of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired (3.3) – | ||
| Proceeds from disposals of subsidiaries, net of cash sold 5.0 (3.0) | ||
| Purchases of property, plant and equipment (8.2) (13.3) | ||
| Proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment 10.6 8.5 | ||
| Purchases of other non-current assets (1.5) (1.7) | ||
| Proceeds from sales of other non-current assets 0.1 2.0 | ||
| Other movements 0.1 1.8 | ||
| Net cash from/(used by) investing activities 2.8 (5.7) | ||
| Cash fl ows from fi nancing activities | ||
| Proceeds from issue of share capital – 1.6 | ||
| (Purchases)/sales of treasury stock(0.9) 0.3 | ||
| Proceeds from new borrowings 0.7 22.0 | ||
| Repayments of borrowings (26.5) (16.9) | ||
| Dividends paid to equity holders of the parent (6.7) (7.3) | ||
| Net cash used by fi nancing activities (33.4) (0.3) | ||
| Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents and bank overdrafts (52.2) (12.7) | ||
| Cash and cash equivalents and bank overdrafts at beginning of year 110.3 125.2 | ||
| Eff ect of changes in foreign exchange rates (0.3) (2.0) | ||
| Cash and cash equivalents and bank overdrafts at year-end 57.8 110.5 |
| Share capital |
Share premium account |
Other reserves and retained earnings |
Translation reserve |
Treasury stock |
Equity attributable to equity holders of the parent company |
Minority interests |
Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At December 31, 2006 164.732.0 48.2 (1.8) (1.0) 242.1 7.0 249.1 | ||||||||
| – Exchange diff erence on translating foreign operations (12.1)(12.1) (0.3) (12.4) |
||||||||
| – Dividends paid (6.7) (6.7) (0.6) (7.3) | ||||||||
| – Gains and losses on cash fl ow hedges (3.2) (3.2) (3.2) |
||||||||
| – Changes in treasury stock 0.2 0.2 0.2 | ||||||||
| – Issue of share capital 1.3 0.2 1.5 1.5 | ||||||||
| – Profi t for the period 15.4 15.4 (0.3) 15.1 | ||||||||
| – Change in scope of consolidation 0.0 (0.3) (0.3) | ||||||||
| – Other 0.2 0.2 (0.1) 0.1 | ||||||||
| At December 31, 2007 166.032.2 53.9 (13.4) (0.8) 237.4 5.4 242.8 | ||||||||
| – Exchange diff erence on translating foreign operations 6.5 6.5 0.8 7.3 |
||||||||
| – Dividends paid (6.7)(0.2) (6.9) (0.1) (7.0) | ||||||||
| – Gains and losses on cash fl ow hedges 2.7 2.7 2.7 |
||||||||
| – Changes in treasury stock (0.8) (0.8) (0.8) | ||||||||
| – Issue of share capital 0.0 0.9 0.9 | ||||||||
| – Loss for the period (56.2)(56.2) (0.7) (56.2) | ||||||||
| – Change in scope of consolidation (0.5) (0.5) (0.5) | ||||||||
| – Other 0.0 0.0 | ||||||||
| At December 31, 2008 166.032.2 (6.3) (8.1) (1.6) 182.2 6.3 188.5 |
| 1. | General information 28 | |
|---|---|---|
| 2. | Summary of significant accounting policies 28 | |
| 3. | Use of accounting estimates and assumptions 34 | |
| 4. | Acquisitions – disposals 34 | |
| NOTES – to the balance sheet | ||
| 5. | Property, plant and equipment 35 | |
| 6. | Goodwill and other intangible assets 35 | |
| 7. | Finance leases 37 | |
| 8. | Investments in non-consolidated companies 38 | |
| 9. | Investments in associates 38 | |
| 10. | Long-term loans and receivables 39 | |
| 11. | Deferred taxes 39 | |
| 12. | Other non-current assets 39 | |
| 13. | Inventories and work-in-progress 40 | |
| 14. | Trade receivables 40 | |
| 15. | Derivative instruments 40 | |
| 16. | Other receivables 41 | |
| 17. | Cash and cash equivalents 41 | |
| 18. | Equity 41 | |
| 19. | Pension and other post-employment benefit obligations 42 | |
| 20. | Provisions 44 | |
| 21. | Borrowings 44 | |
| 22. | Trade and other payables 45 | |
| 23. | Financial risk management 45 | |
| NOTES – to the income statement | ||
| 24. | Research and development costs 48 | |
| 25. | Other operating income and expense 48 | |
| 26. | Employee information 48 | |
| 27. | Finance costs and other financial income and expense 48 | |
| 28. | Income tax expense 48 | |
| 29. | Stock options 49 | |
| 30. | Earnings/(loss) per share 49 | |
| NOTES – to the cash flow statement | ||
| 31. | Cash flows from operating activities 49 |
| 32. | Commitments and contingencies 50 | |
|---|---|---|
| 33. | Information by business segment 51 | |
| 34. | Information by geographical segment 53 | |
| 35. | Main consolidated companies 54 | |
| 36. | Related-party transactions 55 | |
| 37. | Events after the balance sheet date 55 |
1. GENERAL INFORMATION
In 2008, Chargeurs and its subsidiaries (the Chargeurs Group) were organized around three business lines: Chargeurs Protective Films (development and marketing of technical solutions to protect steel, aluminum, plastic and other surfaces during the production process), Chargeurs Interlining (interlining and technical fabrics production and marketing) and Chargeurs Wool (wool processing). Chargeurs is a société anonyme governed by the laws of France. Its headquarters are located at 29-31, rue Washington, 75008 Paris, France.
Chargeurs shares are listed on Euronext.
The consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2008 were approved by the Board of Directors on March 5, 2009 and will be submitted to shareholders for approval on May 7, 2009. All amounts are expressed in millions of euros, unless otherwise specified.
At the Annual General Meeting of May 7, 2009, the Board of Directors has decided to recommend canceling the dividend.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The significant accounting policies applied to prepare the consolidated financial statements are described below. Unless otherwise specified, these policies were applied consistently in all the periods presented.
2.1 Basis of preparation
The 2008 consolidated financial statements of the Chargeurs Group have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as adopted by the European Union.
Assets and liabilities are measured using the historical cost convention except for land and buildings – which were revalued at January 1, 2004 –, investments in non-consolidated companies, financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss (including derivative instruments), financial assets and liabilities measured at amortized cost, and assets and liabilities underlying fair value hedges.
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires Management to exercise its judgment in the process of applying the Company's accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgment or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial statements, are disclosed in note 3.
(a) New standards, amendments to existing standards and interpretations applicable in financial periods commencing on or after January 1, 2008 and affecting the Group
Adopted by the European Union:
– IAS 39 – Amendment: Reclassification of Financial Assets.
(b) New standards, amendments and interpretations applicable in future years and not early adopted by the Group
Adopted by the European Union and affecting the Group:
- IFRS 8 Operating Segments.
- IAS 23 Amendment: Borrowing Costs.
- IFRS 2 Amendment: Vesting Conditions and Cancellations.
- IFRIC 11 Group and Treasury Share Transactions.
– IFRIC 14, IAS 19 – The Limit on a Defined Benefit Asset, Minimum Funding Requirements and their Interaction.
Adopted by the European Union but considered by Management as not relevant to the Group's operations:
– IFRIC 13 – Customer Loyalty Programmes.
Not yet adopted by the European Union but affecting the Group:
- IAS 1 (revised) Presentation of Financial Statements.
- IFRS 3 (revised) Business Combinations.
- IAS 27 (revised) Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements.
- IFRIC 16 Hedges of a Net Investment in a Foreign Operation.
– IAS 32 and IAS 1 – Amendments: Puttable Financial Instruments and Obligations arising on Liquidation.
- IFRS 1 and IAS 27 Amendments: Cost of an Investment in a Subsidiary, Jointly Controlled Entity or Associate.
- IAS 39 Amendment: Eligible Hedged Items.
Not yet adopted by the European Union and considered by Management as not relevant to the Group's operations:
- IFRIC 12 Service Concession Arrangements.
- IFRIC 15 Agreements for the Construction of Real Estate.
2.2 Consolidation methods
(a) Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are all entities (including special purpose entities) over which the Group has the power to govern the financial and operating policies, generally accompanying a shareholding of more than one half of the voting rights. The existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible are considered when assessing whether the Group controls another entity.
Investments that meet the above criteria but which are not material are measured at cost less any impairment.
Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group. They are de-consolidated from the date that control ceases.
Acquisitions of subsidiaries are accounted for by the purchase method. The cost of acquisition is measured as the fair value of the assets transferred, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange, plus costs directly attributable to the acquisition. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any minority interests. The excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the Group's share of the net identifiable assets acquired is recorded as goodwill.
If the cost of the acquisition is less than the fair value of the Group's share of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired, the difference is recognized directly in the income statement. Intercompany transactions and balances and unrealized gains on transactions between Group companies are eliminated.
Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group.
(b) Transactions with minority shareholders
The Group applies a policy of treating transactions with minority shareholders as transactions with parties external to the Group. Disposals to minority shareholders result in gains and losses for the Group that are recorded in the income statement. Purchases from minority shareholders result in goodwill, being the difference between the consideration paid and the acquired share of the subsidiary's net assets.
(c) Associates
Associates are all entities over which the Group has significant influence but not control, generally accompanying a shareholding of between 20% and 50% of the voting rights. Investments in associates are accounted for by the equity method and are initially recognized at cost. The Group's investments in associates include goodwill (net of any accumulated impairment losses) identified on acquisition (see note 2.6).
The Group's share of its associates' post-acquisition profits or losses is recognized in the income statement, and its share of post-acquisition movements in reserves – which has no impact on profit or loss – is recognized directly in reserves. The cumulative post-acquisition movements are adjusted against the carrying amount of the investment. When the Group's share of losses of an associate equals or exceeds its interest in the associate, including any unsecured receivables, the Group does not recognize further losses, unless it has incurred obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate.
Unrealized gains on transactions between the Group and its associates are eliminated to the extent of the Group's interest in the associate concerned. Unrealized losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the assets transferred. Accounting policies of associates have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group.
(d) Non-consolidated companies
Recently-formed distribution companies that individually generate less than €3 million in annual revenue are not consolidated. The effect on equity of including these companies in the scope of consolidation at December 31, 2008 would be less than €1 million.
2.3 Segment reporting
Chargeurs' primary reporting format is based on the Group's three business segments. A business segment is a group of assets and operations engaged in providing products or services that are subject to risks and returns that are different from those of other business segments.
Geographical segments correspond to Chargeurs' secondary reporting format. A geographical segment is a distinguishable economic environment subject to risks and returns that are different from those of the other economic environments in which the Group operates. Chargeurs operates in three geographical segments: Europe – including the Group's home market, France – the Americas and Asia. The "Asia" segment encompasses the Asia-Pacific region and Africa.
2.4 Foreign currency translation
(a) Functional and presentation currency
Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group's entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entities operate (the "functional currency").
The consolidated financial statements are presented in euros, which is Chargeurs' functional currency.
(b) Transactions and balances
Foreign currency transactions are translated into each entity's functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions are recognized in the income statement, except when deferred in equity as qualifying cash flow hedges. In this case, gains and losses on the cash flow hedge accumulated in equity are reclassified to the income statement when the exchange gain or loss on the hedged item is recognized.
Exchange gains and losses arising from translation of foreign currency receivables and payables are recognized in the income statement.
(c) Group companies
The results and financial position of all the Group entities that have a functional currency other than the euro are translated as follows: (i) balance sheet items are translated at closing exchange rates, (ii) income statement items are translated at average exchange rates for the period, and (iii) all resulting exchange differences are recognized as a separate component of equity under "Translation reserve" and "Minority interests".
Exchange differences arising from the translation of the net investment in subsidiaries with a functional currency other than the euro and of instruments designated as hedges of such investments are recorded under "Translation reserve" in equity. When a foreign operation is sold, such exchange differences are recognized in the income statement as part of the gain or loss on sale.
2.5 Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, less subsequent depreciation and impairment, except for land which is not depreciated and is stated net of any accumulated impairment losses. Cost comprises the purchase price, capitalized interest and fair value adjustments. Capitalized interest corresponds to interest costs, whether on designated borrowings or on other designated sources of finance, during the period preceding the date the asset is put into service.
On first-time adoption of IFRS, land and buildings were measured at fair value at January 1, 2004 (the IFRS transition date) based on independent valuations, and these fair values were used as the assets' deemed cost at that date.
The cost of dismantling and removing assets and restoring the site on which they are located is included in the assets' carrying amount.
Each significant part of an item of property, plant or equipment whose useful life is different from that of the asset as a whole is recognized and depreciated separately.
Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate the cost of each asset to its residual value over its estimated useful life as follows:
- Buildings: 15 to 40 years.
- Plant and equipment: 4, 8, 12, 20 years.
- Fixtures and fittings: 5 to 10 years.
Leases
Leases that do not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Lease payments under operating leases are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Leases that transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset are classified as finance leases and recognized as assets and liabilities. The capitalized amount corresponds to the lower of the fair value of the leased property at the inception of the lease and the present value of the minimum lease payments.
Impairment of property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment are tested for impairment whenever there is any internal or external indication that they may be impaired and they are also included in the annual impairment tests performed by the Group on its individual businesses.
If these tests show that the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount, an impairment loss is recognized in addition to accumulated depreciation. For the purposes of impairment testing, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash-generating units).
In the absence of an observable market price, the recoverable amount of a cash-generating unit is considered to be equal to the higher of its value in use, corresponding to the discounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the unit, and its fair value less costs to sell. In practice, most calculations are based on value in use.
Gains and losses on the sale of property, plant and equipment are recognized in the income statement and are calculated by comparing the proceeds of the sale with the carrying amount of the sold asset.
2.6 Intangible assets
(a) Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the Group's share of the net identifiable assets of the acquired subsidiary/associate at the date of acquisition. Goodwill on acquisitions of subsidiaries is included in "Intangible assets". Goodwill on acquisitions of associates is included in "Investments in associates". All goodwill is tested annually for impairment and carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Any impairment losses recognized as a result of these tests are irreversible. Gains and losses on the disposal of an entity include the carrying amount of goodwill, if any, relating to the entity sold.
(b) Trademarks and licenses
Trademarks and licenses are stated at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate the cost of trademarks and licenses over their estimated useful lives (between fifteen and twenty years).
(c) Computer software
Acquired computer software licenses are capitalized on the basis of the costs incurred to acquire and bring to use the specific software. These costs are amortized over the estimated useful lives of the software concerned (between three and five years).
Costs associated with developing or maintaining computer software programs are recognized as an expense as incurred.
(d) Development costs
Development costs are capitalized when the Group can demonstrate all of the following:
– The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale.
- Its intention to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it.
- Its ability to use or sell the intangible asset.
– How the intangible asset will generate probable future economic benefits.
– The availability of adequate technical and financial resources to complete the development.
– Its ability to reliably measure the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development.
Development costs are amortized over the estimated useful life of the asset concerned.
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Impairment of intangible assets
Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment every year to determine if their recoverable amount is at least equal to their carrying amount, irrespective of whether there is any indication that they may be impaired (see note 6). Any impairment losses recognized as a result of these tests are irreversible.
The carrying amount of goodwill in the consolidated balance sheet corresponds to the gross amount less any accumulated impairment losses.
2.7 Financial assets and liabilities
Definitions
The Group classifies its financial assets into the following categories in accordance with IAS 39: financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, loans and receivables, and available-for-sale financial assets.
(a) Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
This category has two subcategories: financial assets held for trading, and financial assets designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Derivative instruments are categorized as held for trading, unless they are designated as part of a hedging relationship. Assets in this category are classified as current assets if they are either held for trading or are expected to be realized within twelve months of the balance sheet date. In the consolidated balance sheet, these items are recorded under "Derivative instruments" (note 15).
(b) Loans and receivables
Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. They are included in "Other receivables" under current assets except when they are due more than twelve months after the balance sheet date, in which case they are recorded as non-current assets under either "Long-term loans and receivables" (note 10) or "Other noncurrent assets" (note 12).
(c) Available-for-sale financial assets
Available-for-sale financial assets are non-derivative financial assets that are either designated in this category or are not classified in any of the other categories. They are included in non-current assets unless management intends to dispose of them within twelve months of the balance sheet date.
In the consolidated balance sheet, available-for-sale financial assets correspond to "Investments in non-consolidated companies" (note 8).
(d) Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities as defined by IAS 39 include borrowings measured at amortized cost and financial liabilities measured using the fair value option. They correspond to the following balance sheet items: "Long-term borrowings" (note 21), "Trade payables" and "Other payables" (note 22).
Recognition and measurement of financial assets
(a) Investments in non-consolidated companies
Investments in non-consolidated companies represent Group interests in entities that are not controlled by the Group. They are stated at cost, which the Group considers to represent fair value, as no active market exists which would enable the fair value to be measured reliably. Impairment losses are recorded for a prolonged decline in value in use, which is determined based on the most appropriate financial criteria, including the Group's equity in the underlying net assets and the earnings outlook of the company concerned.
(b) Loans and receivables
Loans and receivables are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. If there is objective evidence that they are impaired an impairment loss is recorded to write these assets down to their fair value. They are tested for impairment at each reporting date, or whenever there is an indication that they may be impaired, by comparing their recoverable amount with their carrying amount. Any impairment losses are recorded in the income statement.
Trade receivables have short maturities and are therefore stated at nominal value.
(c) Marketable securities
Gains and losses arising on changes in the fair value of marketable securities are recognized in the income statement during the period in which they arise.
Recognition and measurement of financial liabilities
Borrowings and other financial liabilities are generally measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. As the Group's operating liabilities have short maturities they are stated at nominal value.
Financial liabilities hedged by interest-rate swaps qualify for fair value hedge accounting under IAS 39. The gain or loss from remeasuring the hedged financial liability is recognized in profit or loss and is offset by the loss or gain from re-measuring the swap at fair value.
2.8 Derivative instruments and hedges
The Group uses derivatives to hedge its exposure to currency and interest rate risks. All derivative instruments are recognized in the balance sheet and measured at fair value.
The Group hedges forecast transactions in foreign currencies, such as sales of products in dollars. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments that qualify as hedges of forecast transactions are recognized directly in equity and subsequently reclassified to profit in the same period or periods when the transaction is settled and impacts profit.
Changes in the fair value of hedged firm commitments and of currency derivatives that qualify as fair value hedges are recorded in the income statement.
Changes in the fair value of financial instruments used to hedge currency risks on the Group's net investment in foreign operations that result from changes in exchange rates are recognized in equity under "Translation reserve", offsetting all or part of the opposite change in the fair value of the underlying net investment caused by changes in exchange rates.
Depending on the circumstances, interest-rate swaps are used to convert variable rate debt into fixed rate debt and vice versa. In the first case, gains and losses arising from remeasurement of the swaps at fair value are accumulated in equity and reclassified to profit when the variable rate interest is recognized. In the second case, the gains and losses are recognized directly in profit and the carrying amount of the hedged portion of the underlying debt is adjusted to reflect the rate change.
Fair value adjustments to interest-rate and currency derivatives held for trading are recognized immediately in the income statement.
2.9 Deferred taxes
Deferred taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities and their tax base, as follows:
– All deferred tax liabilities are recognized.
– Deferred tax assets arising from temporary differences or from tax loss carryforwards are recognized only when it is probable that the differences will reverse or the assets will be recovered in the foreseeable future.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted at the year-end for enacted changes in tax rates and tax laws.
A deferred tax liability is recognized for withholding taxes, where applicable, only in respect of dividends for the year to be received in the following year.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset within each company or taxable entity.
2.10 Inventories
Inventories are carried at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined by the weighted average cost method. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. The cost of finished products and work-in-progress includes raw materials, direct production costs and production overheads based on normal capacity utilization rates.
2.11 Trade receivables
Trade receivables are recognized initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any provisions for impairment. A provision for impairment of trade receivables is recorded when there is objective evidence that the Group will not be able to recover all amounts due according to the original terms of collection. Indications that a receivable may be impaired include any significant financial difficulties encountered by the debtor, the probability of the debtor filing for bankruptcy or a financial restructuring, the risk of default, or if a payment has been missed. The amount of the provision – which represents the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at the initial effective interest rate – is recorded in the income statement under "Distribution costs".
2.12 Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents analyzed in the cash flow statement correspond to cash in hand, marketable securities and short-term deposits. Cash equivalents are highly liquid instruments with short maturities that are not exposed to any material risk of impairment.
Marketable securities are accounted for as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss. Short-term bank deposits and cash in hand are deemed to be loans and receivables and are measured at amortized cost.
2.13 Share capital
Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or stock options are recorded in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds.
Where any Group company purchases the Company's equity share capital (treasury stock), the consideration paid, including directly attributable incremental costs (net of income taxes), is deducted from equity attributable to the Company's equity holders until the shares are cancelled, re-issued or disposed of. Where such shares are subsequently sold or reissued, any consideration received, net of any directly attributable incremental transaction costs and the related income tax effects, is included in equity attributable to the Company's equity holders.
2.14 Borrowings
Borrowings are recognized initially at fair value, net of transaction costs. They are subsequently measured at amortized cost, and any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is recognized in the income statement over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method.
Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Group has an unconditional right to defer settlement for at least twelve months after the balance sheet date, in which case they are classified as non-current.
2.15 Employee benefits
Obligations for the payment of post-employment benefits and other long-term employee benefits are measured by the projected unit credit method and recognized in accordance with IAS 19. The recognized obligation takes into account the fair value of plan assets – for example under insured plans – at the balance sheet date.
For post-employment benefit plans, actuarial gains and losses arising as a result of changes in actuarial assumptions and experience adjustments are expensed over the estimated remaining service lives of employees using the corridor method.
For other long-term employee benefits and length-of-service awards payable to employees on retirement, actuarial gains and losses are recognized immediately.
2.16 Provisions
Provisions for environmental restoration, restructuring costs and legal claims are recognized when (i) the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, (ii) it is more likely than not that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, and (iii) the amount of the provision can be reliably estimated. Restructuring provisions include lease termination penalties and employee termination payments. Provisions are not recognized for future operating losses. The amount recognized as a provision is the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the balance sheet date. The discount rate used reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability concerned. The increase in the carrying amount of provisions to reflect the passage of time is recognized as interest expense.
2.17 Revenue recognition
Revenue from sales of goods and services is recognized, net of valueadded tax, rebates and discounts, when the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the goods are transferred to the customer or when the service is rendered.
2.18 Other operating income and expense
This item primarily consists of foreign exchange gains and losses, restructuring costs and impairment losses.
2.19 Earnings per share
Basic earnings/(loss) per share are computed by dividing profit attributable to equity holders of the parent by the weighted average number of shares outstanding, representing the number of shares issued less the average number of Chargeurs shares held in treasury or by subsidiaries.
Diluted earnings per share are determined by adjusting basic earnings per share for the dilutive effect of employee stock options or stock warrants from the date on which the options are granted or the warrants are issued, except in cases where the exercise price exceeds the market price of Chargeurs shares.
2.20 Stock options
For stock options granted after November 7, 2002 and vested after January 1, 2005, the options' estimated fair value on the grant date is recognized as an expense, leading to a corresponding increase in equity. When options are granted conditional upon the achievement of performance targets, the fair value of the options is expensed over the vesting period.
3. USE OF ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS
The preparation of financial statements under IFRS requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses.
3.1 Critical accounting estimates and assumptions
The critical accounting estimates and assumptions that could result in a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets and liabilities during subsequent periods are analyzed below.
(a) Impairment of goodwill
Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis as described in note 2.6. The recoverable amounts of cash-generating units are determined based on calculations of value in use, which require the use of estimates (see note 6).
The impairment tests performed in 2008 did not reveal any impairment in the carrying amount of goodwill.
(b) Income tax
The tax assets arising from group relief in France, tax loss carryforwards and temporary differences amounted to €11.4 million at December 31, 2008. The recoverability of these assets was based on forecast taxable profit for future years.
3.2 Critical judgments
For several years, the Group has sold receivables under no-recourse agreements. Under French GAAP, the amounts concerned were disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. The method of accounting for these sales was changed as a result of the first-time adoption of IFRS in 2005, as explained below.
The notes to the 2005 consolidated financial statements disclosed the following information:
French GAAP
Receivables sold under no-recourse agreements are derecognized. As there are no specific accounting standards under French GAAP dealing with this type of transaction, the accounting treatment used in the parent company accounts (which are still prepared in accordance with French GAAP) is based on the legal form of the transactions and the assets are derecognized when title is transferred. This approach was also applied in the consolidated financial statements prior to the transition to IFRS, as routine commercial transactions carried out in accordance with normal business or industry practice – such as the sale of receivables under no-recourse agreements – were excluded from the scope of application of the joint recommendation issued on November 15, 2002 by the Commission des opérations de Bourse and the Commission bancaire on special purpose entities and asset derecognition (which set down a general principle based on the transfer of the significant risks of ownership of assets).
IFRS
Under IFRS, transfer of title is not the only criterion to be applied. IAS 39 – Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement, which deals with the derecognition of financial assets, including trade receivables, requires entities to base their analysis on the following three criteria:
– Whether the entity has transferred the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset.
– Whether the entity has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset.
– Whether the entity has retained control of the financial asset. Chargeurs' teams analyzed the contracts for the sale of the receivables based on these three criteria. In view of the fact that this issue was still being discussed by experts and no final official position had been taken, it was deemed prudent to keep these receivables on balance sheet and record a corresponding liability for the amount of the cash proceeds received.
In 2006 and 2007, the accounting authorities issued guidance on the circumstances in which sold receivables may be derecognized. The presentation of these items in the 2008 consolidated financial statements is unchanged from 2005, but may be adjusted in the future based on amendments to contracts or changes in disposal procedures.
4. ACQUISITIONS – DISPOSALS
On January 21, 2008 Chargeurs Interlining acquired the entire capital of Etacol, a Bangladesh-based company specialized in the production and marketing of interlinings. Etacol contributed €6 million to Chargeurs' consolidated revenue in 2008.
In the second half of 2008, Chargeurs Wool sold its interests in two companies, Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and Riverina Wool Combing in Australia.
NOTES TO THE BALANCE SHEET
5. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
| Changes in the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment can be analyzed as follows: | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (in euro millions) | Land | Buildings | Plant and equipment |
Fixtures and fi ttings |
Assets under construction |
Total |
| December 31, 2006 9.7 41.4 45.9 8.5 9.3 114.8 | ||||||
| Additions 0.6 5.4 1.5 6.1 13.6 | ||||||
| Disposals (3.5) (0.6) (3.8) (7.9) | ||||||
| Business divestments (1.2) (4.6) (7.3) (0.1) (0.1) (13.3) | ||||||
| Depreciation (3.3) (9.4) (2.1) (14.8) | ||||||
| Impairment 0.0 | ||||||
| Other 1.0 6.0 1.1 (8.0) 0.1 | ||||||
| Translation adjustment (0.1) (0.8) (1.8) (0.2) (0.2) (3.1) | ||||||
| December 31, 2007 8.4 34.3 35.3 8.1 3.3 89.4 | ||||||
| Additions 0.3 7.4 0.9 3.6 12.2 | ||||||
| Disposals(0.9) (2.1) (4.7) (0.4) (0.4) (8.5) | ||||||
| Change in scope of consolidation 0.1 (1.3) (1.2) | ||||||
| Depreciation (0.6) (3.0) (7.1) (1.6) (12.3) | ||||||
| Impairment (1.4) (3.5) (6.0) (0.1) (0.1) (11.1) | ||||||
| Other 3.4 (0.5) (3.0) (0.1) | ||||||
| Translation adjustment 0.1 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.1 2.3 | ||||||
| December 31, 2008 5.6 27.0 27.9 6.7 3.5 70.7 |
Measurement of property, plant and equipment
(i) Land and buildings were valued in 2004 by independent international valuers in order to determine the fair values of these assets to be used as their deemed cost in the opening IFRS balance sheet at January 1, 2004 (the date of transition to IFRS).
(ii) Plant and equipment are tested for impairment when there is an indication that their carrying amounts may be impaired. Impairment indicators include industrial reorganizations, site closures and business divestments.
(iii) The value of assets held by each business is also reviewed when goodwill is tested for impairment.
The assets of Chargeurs Protective Films, Chargeurs Interlining and Chargeurs Wool were tested for impairment in accordance with paragraphs (ii) and (iii) above.
6. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
(a) Goodwill arising on the acquisition of subsidiaries can be analyzed as follows:
| (in euro millions) | Gross | Accumulated | Net |
|---|---|---|---|
| impairment losses | |||
| December 31, 2006 89.8 (25.4) 64.4 | |||
| Goodwill recognized on companies acquired during the year |
|||
| Translation adjustment (5.0) (5.0) | |||
| Change in scope of consolidation (1) (14.4)11.5 (2.9) |
|||
| December 31, 2007 70.4 (13.9) 56.5 | |||
| Goodwill recognized on companies |
|||
| acquired during the year 3.5 3.5 | |||
| Translation adjustment 2.6 2.6 | |||
| Other (2) 3.0 (1.8) 1.2 | |||
| December 31, 2008 79.5 (15.7) 63.8 |
(1) Following the sale of 50% of Fashion Company, goodwill relating to this business is now recognized in "Investments in associates".
(2) The €1.2 million reported under "Other" in 2008 concerns Chargeurs Protective Films and corresponds to a reclassifi cation from other intangible assets.
Goodwill has been allocated to the following cash-generating units, corresponding to Group businesses:
| (in euro millions) | Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Chargeurs Protective Films 46.5 42.9 |
||
| Chargeurs Interlining 17.3 13.6 |
Chargeurs Protective Films' goodwill is measured in US dollars and the increase in this item in 2008 partly reflects a €2.4 million fair value adjustment as a result of the fall in the US dollar against the euro. Chargeurs Interlining's goodwill is now assessed based on two cash-generating units following the acquisition of Etacol. The three companies held by Chargeurs Interlining in partnership with Ningbo Yak Technology Industrial together constitute a separate cash-generating unit whose goodwill is included in "Investments in associates".
Goodwill impairment tests
Impairment tests were carried out on the goodwill allocated to the CGUs represented by the Group's three business segments by comparing their carrying amount with their recoverable amount based on value-in-use calculations.
For Chargeurs Interlining and Chargeurs Wool, recoverable amount was determined using the five-year cash flow projections contained in the business plans drawn up by management, as adjusted to comply with IAS 36. Cash flows beyond this five-year period were extrapolated by using the estimated growth rates shown in the table below.
For Chargeurs Protective Films a cash flow simulation model was developed based on various market parameters and different scenarios, taking into account the probability of each situation occurring. Simulations were then performed using the Monte Carlo method and calculating present values. The final value allocated to Chargeurs Protective Films' goodwill corresponds to the average value of all of the different simulated scenarios.
The main value-in-use assumptions applied were as follows:
| Chargeurs | Chargeurs | Chargeurs | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Protective | Interlining | Wool | |
| Films | |||
| Average operating margin over | |||
| the business plan period (1) 6.6% 5.2% 2.8% | |||
| Growth rate (2) 2.5% 1.0% 0.0% | |||
| Discount rate (3) | |||
| 2007 9.1% 9.14% 9.6% | |||
| 2008 9.2% 8.1%/10.1% 9.1% |
The operating margin assumptions for Chargeurs Protective Films and Chargeurs Interlining do not include a business-specific rate for the financial crisis in 2009 and reflect a gradual return to normal operations.
However, projections for all of the Group's CGUs factored in a considerable downturn in business for 2009 compared with 2008 in order to reflect the uncertain global economic outlook.
The growth rates applied in 2008 to calculate terminal values for Chargeurs Protective Films and Chargeurs Interlining were unchanged from 2007, at 2% and 1% respectively, except for CGUs located in Asia which used a 2% growth rate.
(1) Operating profi t/revenue.
The calculation is based on operating profi t before restructuring costs or other nonrecurring items.
(2) Equal to or less than the medium- to long-term growth rate for the industry as a whole. This rate was unchanged from 2007 for all of the Group's CGUs.
(3) The main parameters used to determine the discount rate were as follows:
General parameters:
| Chargeurs | Chargeurs | Chargeurs | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Protective | Interlining | Wool | |
| Films | |||
| Risk-free interest rate 3.70% 3.70% 3.70% | |||
| Market premium 5.00% 5.00% 5.00% | |||
| Beta 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% | |||
| Specifi c risk premium: 1.00% 2.00% 3.00% | |||
| Cost of equity 9.70% 10.70% 11.70% | |||
| Pre-tax cost of debt 5.80% 5.80% 5.80% | |||
| Income tax rate 33.33% 33.33% 33.33% | |||
| Post-tax cost of debt 3.87% 3.87% 3.87% | |||
| Net debt/capital employed20.00% 33.00% 33.00% | |||
| Weighted average cost | |||
| of capital 8.53% 8.45% 9.12% | |||
| Range | |||
| Discount rate applied 9.20% 8.1%/10.1% 9.12% |
A one-point increase in the discount rate used to calculate Chargeurs Protective Films' goodwill would not lead to any impairment losses.
Applying the highest discount rate in the range for Chargeurs Interlining would result in a goodwill impairment loss of less than €1 million for this CGU.
| (in euro millions) | Trademarks | Development | Rights | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| and patents | costs | of use | |||
| January 1, 2007 3.7 0.0 2.5 0.6 6.8 | |||||
| Capitalized development costs 1.31.3 | |||||
| Additions 0.3 0.3 | |||||
| Disposals (0.2) (0.1) (0.3) | |||||
| Change in scope of consolidation (0.2) (0.1) (0.3) | |||||
| Amortization (0.1) (0.1) | |||||
| Impairment (0.1) (0.1) (0.1) (0.3) | |||||
| Other 0.0 | |||||
| Translation adjustment (0.1) (0.1) (0.2) | |||||
| December 31, 2007 3.3 1.3 2.0 0.6 7.2 | |||||
| January 1, 2008 3.3 1.3 2.0 0.6 7.2 | |||||
| Capitalized development costs 0.9 0.9 | |||||
| Additions 0.6 0.6 | |||||
| Disposals0.0 | |||||
| Change in scope of consolidation 0.0 | |||||
| Amortization (1.2) (0.1) (1.3) | |||||
| Impairment (0.1) (0.1) | |||||
| Other (1.2) (1.2) | |||||
| Translation adjustment 0.2 0.2 | |||||
| December 31, 2008 1.5 2.1 2.1 0.6 6.3 |
| (in euro millions) | Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Future minimum lease payments under fi nance leases 21.4 20.8 |
||
| Finance lease liabilities 18.4 18.4 |
||
| Future fi nance cost 3.0 2.4 |
| (in euro millions) | Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Land 2.9 2.7 | ||
| Buildings 30.4 32.3 | ||
| Plant and equipment 8.4 4.4 | ||
| Fixtures, fi ttings and other 7.8 7.4 |
||
| Gross 49.5 46.8 | ||
| Accumulated depreciation (28.5) (29.8) |
||
| Net 21.0 17.0 |
| (in euro millions) | Minimum lease payments |
Finance lease liabilities |
|---|---|---|
| Due in less than one year 4.4 3.4 | ||
| Due in one to fi ve years 15.2 13.3 | ||
| Due in more than fi ve years1.8 1.7 | ||
| Total at December 31, 2008 21.4 18.4 | ||
| Due in less than one year 3.6 3.0 | ||
| Due in one to fi ve years 12.8 11.2 | ||
| Due in more than fi ve years4.4 4.2 | ||
| Total at December 31, 2007 20.8 18.4 |
| (in euro millions) | Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Investments more than 50%-owned: |
||
| Aggregate 1.7 1.8 | ||
| Investments between 20% and 50%-owned: |
||
| Aggregate 0.2 0.5 | ||
| Investments less than 20%-owned: |
||
| Aggregate 0.1 0.8 | ||
| Total 2.0 3.1 |
| (in euro millions) | Yak | Fashion | Peinaduria | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| entities | entities | Rio Chubut | |||
| January 1, 2007 10.9 0.0 0.0 6.6 17.5 | |||||
| Additions 0.0 | |||||
| Disposals(2.0) (2.0) | |||||
| Change in scope of consolidation 7.8 2.1 9.9 | |||||
| Profi t/(loss) for the period 1.3 0.3 (0.1) 1.5 | |||||
| Dividends (0.3) (0.3) | |||||
| Other (0.7) (0.7) | |||||
| Translation adjustment (0.5) (0.2) (0.7) | |||||
| December 31, 2007 11.7 7.8 2.1 3.5 25.1 | |||||
| January 1, 2008 11.7 7.8 2.1 3.5 25.1 | |||||
| Additions 0.3 0.3 0.6 | |||||
| Disposals 0.0 | |||||
| Change in scope of consolidation 0.0 | |||||
| Profi t/(loss) for the period 1.0 (7.7) 0.1 (1.3) (7.9) | |||||
| Dividends (1.1) (0.1) (1.2) | |||||
| Other 0.0 | |||||
| Translation adjustment 1.5 (0.1) 1.4 | |||||
| December 31, 2008 13.1 (0.0) 2.5 2.4 18.0 |
b) Key figures for associates (accounted for by the equity method)
Key figures for associates, representing ownership interests of €18.0 million, were as follows:
| (in euro millions) | December 31, 2008 | December 31, 2007 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yak | Fashion | Other | Total | Yak | Fashion | Other | Total | |
| Assets 16.1 53.5 28.4 98.0 15.4 63.8 27.7 106.9 | ||||||||
| Liabilities 5.6 35.1 13.5 54.2 5.9 41.9 13.3 61.1 | ||||||||
| Revenue 4.0 63.6 11.4 79.0 3.2 (1) 10.3 13.5 | ||||||||
| Profi t/(loss) for the period 2.0 (11.5)(1.3) (10.8) 2.7 (1) 1.0 3.7 | ||||||||
| Contribution to consolidated profi t 1.0 (7.7) (1.2) (7.9) 1.3 (1) 0.2 1.5 |
(1) Fashion Company has been accounted for by the equity method since December 31, 2007.
The carrying amount of the Group's investments in associates includes residual goodwill of €8.0 million corresponding to two interlining manufacturers in China.
10. LONG-TERM LOANS AND RECEIVABLES
The €9.3 million total for this item breaks down as follows:
– Long-term loans in an amount of €3.4 million.
– Long-term deposits in an amount of €5.9 million.
The fair value of these assets approximates their carrying amount.
11. DEFERRED TAXES
a) Analysis by probable recovery/settlement date (before netting asset and liability positions for the same taxable entity)
| (in euro millions) | Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Deferred tax assets | ||
| – Recoverable beyond 12 months 17.6 24.4 |
||
| – Recoverable within 12 months 13.0 12.8 |
||
| Deferred tax liabilities | ||
| – Settlement beyond 12 months (10.0) (7.9) |
||
| – Settlement within 12 months (1.9) (1.5) |
||
| Total 18.7 27.8 |
b) Analysis by source (before netting asset and liability positions for the same taxable entity)
| (in euro millions) | Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Deferred tax assets: – Temporary diff erences 15.9 12.6 |
||
| – Tax loss carryforwards and tax credits 14.7 24.6 |
||
| Deferred tax liabilities | ||
| – Temporary diff erences (11.9) (9.4) | ||
| Total 18.7 27.8 |
Deferred tax assets are recognized for tax loss carryforwards only when their future recovery is considered probable based on projected taxable profits for the next five years.
No deferred tax assets have been recognized for a significant portion of the Group's evergreen losses (see below).
Net deferred tax assets decreased by €9.1 million in 2008.
Tax loss carryforwards were as follows at December 31, 2008:
| (in euro millions) | Total | Unrecognized |
|---|---|---|
| Available until | ||
| 2009 0.7 0.7 | ||
| 2010 0.7 0.7 | ||
| 2011 0.2 0.2 | ||
| 2012 0.9 0.9 | ||
| 2013 26.0 26.0 | ||
| Evergreen losses 321.0 276.9 | ||
| Total tax loss carryforwards 349.5 305.4 |
12. OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS
The €5.3 million total for this item includes foreign tax credits representing €1.1 million.
13. INVENTORIES AND WORK-IN-PROGRESS
Inventories and work-in-progress can be analyzed as follows:
| (in euro millions) | Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Gross | ||
| Raw materials and supplies 43.7 51.9 | ||
| Finished and semi-fi nished | ||
| goods and work-in-progress 102.9 109.4 | ||
| Total – gross 146.6 161.3 | ||
| Provisions for impairment (10.4) (6.1) | ||
| Net 136.2 155.2 | ||
| Increase in provisions for | ||
| impairment of inventory (7.1) (5.0) | ||
| Reversals of provisions used 1.4 4.5 | ||
| Reversals of surplus | ||
| provisions 1.4 3.5 |
14. TRADE RECEIVABLES
| (in euro millions) | Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Trade receivables | ||
| Gross 87.3 93.0 | ||
| Provisions for impairment (11.4) (10.5) | ||
| Net 75.9 82.5 |
As these receivables are all short term and are not interest bearing, changes in interest rates do not generate any material interest rate risk.
Given their short maturities, the fair value of these receivables may be considered to be close to their carrying amount.
Chargeurs manages customer credit risks on a local, decentralized basis. Provisions for past-due receivables are determined on a caseby-case basis, taking into account the amount recoverable under credit insurance, local practices, the customer's payment history and the total balance due.
Factored receivables
At December 31, 2008, certain receivables had been sold under norecourse agreements with factoring companies. The amounts paid by the factoring companies for the receivables totaled €64.7 million at December 31, 2008 (€82.5 million at December 31, 2007).
These receivables are shown on Chargeurs' balance sheet even though they have been sold and despite the fact that title has been transferred to the factoring company (see note 3).
15. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
The carrying amount of derivatives can be analyzed as follows:
| (in euro millions) | Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assets net of liabilities |
Fair value |
Notional | Fair value |
Notional |
| Fair value hedges Currency hedges (2.0) 3.9 (0.2) 22.6 |
||||
| Cash fl ow hedges | ||||
| Currency hedges 0.3 (7.4) (3.6) 47.5 | ||||
| Interest rate hedges 0.1 (24.0) 1.0 (30.0) | ||||
| Commodity hedges – – (0.1) 2.4 | ||||
| Hedges of net investments in foreign operations Currency hedges – – – – |
||||
| Derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting |
||||
| Currency instruments 0.1 (6.3) 0.0 (12.6) |
||||
| Interest rate instruments 0.2 (24.0) 0.0 (31.9) |
||||
| Derivative instruments – net asset/(liability) (1.3) (2.9) |
Notional amounts shown in parentheses correspond to net borrower positions for interest rate derivatives and net seller positions for all other derivatives.
Fair value hedges on a notional amount of €3.9 million (net buyer position) correspond to hedges of assets and liabilities and firm commitments by subsidiaries.
Cash flow hedges on a notional amount of – €7.4 million (net seller position) correspond to hedges of the Group's exposure to changes in the exchange rate for the US dollar.
Interest rate hedges on a notional amount of – €48.0 million (net borrower position) correspond to:
– The conversion to fixed rate of €24 million in credit lines obtained by Chargeurs Protective Films, through interest rate swaps. In addition, a swap cancellation option has been purchased on a notional amount of €24 million.
Net notional amounts of currency derivatives by currency (negative notional amount = net seller position)
| Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 |
|---|---|
| Australian dollar 24.0 61.3 | |
| US dollar (23.8) 2.3 | |
| Pound sterling 0.1 (2.1) | |
| Canadian dollar | |
| Euro (9.7) (4.3) Danish krone New Zealand dollar(0.9) South African rand 3.0 17.1 Korean won (0.7) (3.6) Chinese yuan (2.7) (12.3) Total (9.8) 57.5 |
Net notional amounts of interest rate derivatives by currency (negative notional amount = net borrower position)
| (in euro millions) | Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Euro (48.0) (61.9) | ||
| US dollar – – |
Net notional amounts of commodity derivatives by currency (negative notional amount = net seller position)
| (in euro millions) | Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Euro – 2.4 |
Maturities of derivatives at fair value
| (in euro millions) | Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Within 6 months (1.6) (3.5) | ||
| In 6 to 12 months – (0.3) | ||
| In 12 to 18 months – (0.1) | ||
| In more than 18 months 0.3 1.0 |
16. OTHER RECEIVABLES
| (in euro millions) | Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Short-term tax receivables 3.0 3.4 | ||
| Sundry receivables 58.0 72.6 | ||
| Accruals 1.1 1.4 | ||
| Provision for impairment (2.6) (2.5) | ||
| Net 59.4 74.9 |
Sundry receivables include tax credits, the unfunded portion of norecourse sales of receivables and supplier advances.
The fair value of these assets closely approximates their carrying amount.
17. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Cash and cash equivalents analyzed in the cash flow statement break down as follows:
| (in euro millions) | Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Cash equivalents | ||
| Marketable securities 21.0 15.8 | ||
| Term deposits 7.3 16.2 | ||
| Sub-total 28.3 32.0 | ||
| Cash at bank 29.5 78.3 | ||
| Total 57.8 110.3 |
18. EQUITY
All Chargeurs shares have been called and are fully paid-up. Changes in the number of shares outstanding since January 1, 2007 are as follows:
| Shares outstanding at January 1, 2007 10,293,197 | |
|---|---|
| Issuance of shares on exercise of employee stock options 83,900 |
|
| Shares outstanding at December 31, 2007 10,377,097 | |
| Issuance of shares on exercise of employee stock options – |
|
| Shares outstanding at December 31, 2008 10,377,097 |
Based on a par value of €16 per share, shares outstanding at December 31, 2008 represented issued capital of €166,033,552, unchanged from one year earlier.
All of the shares are of the same class, with the same rights to dividends and returns of capital.
Shares held in treasury can be analyzed as follows:
| Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Cost Number | Cost | ||
| in euros | in euros | |||
| Chargeurs shares held: |
||||
| – By Chargeurs 13,334 230,851 13,334 230,851 | ||||
| – In connection with the liquidity |
||||
| contract 118,100 1,328 725 29,326 579,639 | ||||
| Total . 131,434 1,559 576 42,660 810,490 |
"Other reserves" at December 31, 2008 included cumulative net gains on cash flow hedges in an amount of €0.4 million, compared with cumulative net losses of €2.3 million at December 31, 2007.
19. PENSION AND OTHER POST-EMPLOYMENT BENEFIT OBLIGATIONS
Provisions for pension and other post-employment benefit obligations can be analyzed as follows:
| (in euro millions) | Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Post-employment benefi t obligations 7.5 8.4 |
||
| Post-employment healthcare plans 1.4 1.6 |
||
| Other long-term employee benefi t obligations 1.4 1.5 |
Post-employment benefits under defined benefit plans correspond to statutory length-of-service awards payable to employees on retirement in France and other plans giving rise to less significant obligations. Other long-term employee benefits consist mainly of long-service awards.
The amounts recognized in the income statement for all of these plans can be analyzed as follows:
| Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 | Dec. 31, 2006 | Dec. 31, 2005 | Dec. 31, 2004 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unfunded plans 7.3 7.7 Unrecognized actuarial gains/(losses) (3.8) 0.5 Unrecognized past service costs 0.9 1.0 Reimbursement rights – Net liability in the balance sheet 10.3 11.5 |
funded plans 18.4 18.0 21.1 23.6 22.2 Fair value of plan assets (12.5)(15.7) (18.8) (19.2) (18.2) obligations – funded plans 5.9 2.3 2.3 4.4 4.0 |
The unrecognized actuarial loss for 2008 reflects the impact of falling equity markets on a portion of the plan assets and could result in the Company having to pay additional contributions into the plans over a period of seven years if the situation does not improve. Movements in the present value of obligations under funded plans can be analyzed as follows:
| (in euro millions) | Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Present value of obligations | ||
| at January 1 18.0 21.1 | ||
| Service cost 0.2 0.3 | ||
| Interest cost 1.1 1.1 | ||
| Curtailments and settlements (0.2) | ||
| Benefi ts paid out of plan assets (1.5) (1.5) | ||
| Transfer of obligations to external parties (employee transfers) (0.1) |
||
| Actuarial (gains)/losses for the year (0.3) |
||
| Translation adjustment 0.8 (1.6) | ||
| Change in scope of consolidation (1.1) | ||
| Other 0.1 | ||
| Present value of obligations at December 31 18.4 18.0 |
Movements in the fair value of plan assets were as follows:
| (in euro millions) | Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Fair value of plan assets | ||
| at January 1 15.7 18.8 | ||
| Actuarial (gains)/losses for the year (2.7) 0.9 | ||
| Employer contributions 0.5 0.5 | ||
| Benefi ts paid out of plan assets (1.5) (1.5) | ||
| Translation adjustment 0.5 (1.4) | ||
| Change in scope of consolidation (1.6) | ||
| Fair value of plan assets | ||
| at December 31 12.515.7 |
The breakdown of plan assets was as follows at December 31, 2008 and 2007:
| Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 | |
|---|---|---|
| Money-market funds 2% 3% | ||
| Equities 34% 44% | ||
| Bonds 63% 50% | ||
| Real estate 1% 3% | ||
| Total 100% 100% |
Movements in the present value of obligations under unfunded plans can be analyzed as follows:
| (in euro millions) | Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Present value of obligations | ||
| at January 1 7.7 9.0 | ||
| Service cost 0.5 0.3 | ||
| Interest cost 0.2 | ||
| Curtailments and settlements (0.1) (0.2) | ||
| Benefi ts paid out of Company reserves (0.7) (0.8) |
||
| Actuarial (gains)/losses for the year (0.1) (0.2) |
||
| Translation adjustment 0.0 (0.3) | ||
| Change in scope of consolidation (0.2) (0.1) | ||
| Present value of obligations at December 31 7.3 7.7 |
The amounts recognized in the income statement for defined benefit plans and other long-term employee benefits can be analyzed as follows:
| (in euro millions) | Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Service cost 0.7 0.5 | ||
| Interest cost 1.2 1.1 | ||
| Expected return on plan assets (1.1)(1.1) |
||
| Amortization of past service cost (0.3)(0.2) |
||
| Reversal of surplus provisions (0.5)(0.4) | ||
| Net (income)/expense recognized in the income statement 0.0 (0.1) |
Where a net expense arises in relation to these plans it is accounted for by function in cost of sales, distribution and administrative expenses, and research and development costs.
Changes in the net liability recognized in the balance sheet can be analyzed as follows:
| (in euro millions) | Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Net liability at January 1 11.5 13.0 | ||
| Net (income)/expense recognized in the income statement 0.0 (0.1) |
||
| Benefi ts paid during the year (1.1) (1.3) | ||
| Exchange diff erences on foreign plans 0.1 (0.4) |
||
| Change in scope of consolidation (0.2) | ||
| Impact of the change in consolidation method for |
||
| Fashion Company 0.3 | ||
| Net liability at end of year 10.3 11.5 |
The main actuarial assumptions applied were as follows:
| Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 | |
|---|---|---|
| Europe | ||
| Expected rate of return on plan assets(1) 5.00% 5.00% |
||
| Discount rate applied to projected benefi t obligation(2) 5.75% 5.50% |
||
| Estimated future salary increases: | ||
| – Managers 2.50% 2.50% | ||
| – Other employees 2.00% 2.00% | ||
| Long-term underlying infl ation rate 2.00% 2.00% |
(1) Representing the average of the expected rates of return calculated for each asset category.
(2) Based on the iBoxx AA indices at January 2, 2009.
| North America | |
|---|---|
| Expected rate of return | |
| on plan assets(2) 7.75% 7.75% Discount rate applied to |
|
| projected benefi t obligation(1)(2) 6.25% 6.00% |
The initial annual increase in healthcare costs is estimated at 9% with this rate subsequently falling by 1% per year until it reaches an annual growth rate of 5%.
(1) Based on the Citigroup bond index.
(2) These two rates include an underlying infl ation assumption.
| Probable retirement age 60-65 years 60-65 years | |
|---|---|
A 1% increase or decrease in the estimated growth rate for healthcare costs would not have a material impact on the related projected benefit obligation, service cost or interest cost.
20. PROVISIONS
Provisions can be analyzed as follows:
| (in euro millions) | Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Provisions for other non-current liabilities 7.2 3.9 |
||
| Provisions for other current liabilities(1) 13.7 3.6 |
||
| Total 20.9 7.5 |
(1) Included in "Other payables".
Movements in Provisions:
| (in euro millions) | Provisions | Provisions | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| for other | for other | ||
| non-current | current | ||
| liabilities | liabilities | ||
| January 1, 2007 6.2 4.811.0 | |||
| Additions 0.5 2.8 3.3 | |||
| Reversals of | |||
| provisions used (1.0) (3.5) (4.5) | |||
| Reversals of | |||
| surplus provisions (0.3) (0.3) (0.6) | |||
| Change in scope | |||
| of consolidation (0.7) 0.0 (0.7) | |||
| Other (0.8) (0.8) | |||
| Translation adjustment (0.2) (0.2) | |||
| December 31, 2007 3.9 3.6 7.5 | |||
| January 1, 2008 3.9 3.6 7.5 | |||
| Additions 3.4 12.3 15.7 | |||
| Reversals of | |||
| provisions used (0.1) (1.3) (1.4) | |||
| Reversals of | |||
| surplus provisions (0.3) (0.3) | |||
| Change in scope | |||
| of consolidation (0.6) (0.6) | |||
| Other 0.0 | |||
| Translation adjustment 0.0 | |||
| December 31, 2008 7.2 13.7 20.9 |
| (in euro millions) | Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31,2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Industrial restructuring costs 14.1 0.6 | ||
| Other contingencies 6.8 6.9 | ||
| Total 20.9 7.5 |
Provisions for industrial restructuring costs were increased by €13.5 million in 2008, mainly reflecting reorganization measures at Chargeurs Interlining. Cash outflows in 2009 relating to restructuring will represent €5.3 million.
Of the total cash outflows relating to "Other contingencies," €1.5 million will occur in 2009 and €5.3 million after 2009.
21. BORROWINGS
The Chargeurs Group's financial liabilities fall within the category of "Other financial liabilities". Borrowings are measured using the amortized cost method.
Maturities of long-term debt can be analyzed as follows:
| (in euro millions) | Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Due in less than 1 year 20.3 26.9 | ||
| Due in one to 2 years 18.2 19.0 | ||
| Due in two to 3 years 14.3 18.8 | ||
| Due in three to 4 years 4.0 5.8 | ||
| Due in four to 5 years 3.3 6.5 | ||
| Due in more than 5 years 2.0 6.6 | ||
| Total 62.1 83.6 |
Borrowings by type of lender
| (in euro millions) | Notional | Notional | Eff ective |
|---|---|---|---|
| amount | amount | interest rate | |
| Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 | Dec. 31, 2008 | |
| Loans from fi nancial |
|||
| institutions 62.1 83.6 5.20% | |||
| Bank overdrafts 79.9 81.3 |
Borrowings before interest-rate hedges, by interest reset date for variable-rate borrowings and repayment date for fixed-rate borrowings
| (in euro millions) | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 and beyond |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed-rate borrowings 1.5 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 | ||||||
| Variable-rate borrowings 57.2 |
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| (in euro millions) | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 and beyond |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed-rate borrowings 7.5 18.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 |
Variable-rate borrowings .................... 33.2 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................
| Borrowings after interest-rate hedges, by interest reset date for variable-rate borrowings and repayment date for fixed-rate borrowings | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At December 31, 2008, the average interest rate on long-term debt | |
|---|---|
| was 5.20% before hedging (December 31, 2007: 5.05%) and 4.54% | |
| after hedging (December 31, 2007: 4.57%). |
The average fixed-rate portion of these borrowings after hedging was 41.90% in 2008 (41.03% in 2007).
Long-term debt was denominated in the following currencies at December 31, 2008 and 2007:
| (in euro millions) | Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Euro 57.7 71.7 | ||
| Dollar 4.4 3.4 | ||
| Other – 8.5 | ||
| Total 62.1 83.6 |
The carrying amount of variable-rate borrowings is close to their fair value in view of the interest rates applied. At December 31, 2008, the carrying amount of borrowings originally contracted at fixed rates was €28.9 million.
In September 2005, Chargeurs Protective Films took out a €50 million loan with two banks. The related agreements include the following banking covenants:
| 2008 | 2007 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Debt/equity | < 60% < 95% | ||
| Debt/EBITDA < 1.5 < 2.0 | |||
| Interest cover (EBITDA/fi nance costs) > 6.0 > 6.0 |
These ratios are calculated based on the business segment's consolidated accounts. Non-compliance with these ratios may constitute an event of default.
22. TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES
"Other payables" include short-term provisions for contingencies and charges in an amount of €12.3 million (see note 20).
Receivables sold under no recourse agreements are shown in the balance sheet for €64.7 million (see note 14), with the corresponding liability recorded under "Factoring liabilities".
23. FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT
In the normal course of business, the Chargeurs Group is exposed to financial risks including market risk (foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk and price risk on certain commodities), as well as credit and liquidity risk. The Group's overall risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimize potential adverse effects on the Group's financial performance. The Group uses derivative instruments to hedge certain risk exposures.
(a) Market risk
Market risks are monitored internally using reporting schedules that compare the entities' exposure to identified risks with market value indicators obtained from various external databases containing information on foreign currencies, interest rates and commodity prices that directly or indirectly affect the Group's operations and the value of its assets.
(i) Foreign exchange risk
The Group operates internationally, with 94% of revenue generated outside France, and is exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from various currency exposures, primarily with respect to the US dollar and the Chinese yuan (as 48% of revenue is generated outside Europe). Foreign exchange risk relates to future commercial transactions, recognized assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, and net investments in foreign operations.
In order to manage exposures to changes in exchange rates for the US dollar and various Asian currencies on a long-term basis, Chargeurs has relocated production facilities to the Asian region and the USD zone. A total of 58% of assets are now located outside Europe.
To manage foreign exchange risk arising from (i) future commercial transactions and (ii) recognized assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies Group entities primarily use forward contracts as well as options on an exceptional basis.
External foreign exchange contracts are designated by each business line as fair value hedges, cash flow hedges or hedges of a net investment in a foreign operation, as appropriate.
The risk management policy for Chargeurs Protective Films and Chargeurs Interlining involves hedging a portion of forecast transactions (mainly export sales) in each major currency for the subsequent twelve months (calculated as part of the budget process). The percentage applied is determined in line with the definition of "highly probable forecast transactions" under IFRS for hedge accounting purposes.
Chargeurs Wool's main foreign exchange exposure relating to transactions and borrowings in foreign currencies concerns the Australian dollar, US dollar and South African rand. Chargeurs Wool uses forward currency contracts as well as certain option-based products to hedge the related risks.
(ii) Interest rate risk
In 2006, interest rates on a significant portion of the Group's fiveyear credit lines were converted from variable rate to fixed rate through interest rate swaps (see note 21). No new interest rate hedges were set up in 2008.
A 1% increase in interest rates would have a €1.2 million impact on net debt (including amounts received for no recourse receivables sales) that is not hedged against interest-rate risks.
(iii) Price risk
The Group is exposed to price risk on certain materials that are essential for its production operations. The Protective Films business is exposed to risks relating to certain oil byproducts, which it manages via its supplier contracts and sales pricing strategy. In 2008 this business once again used derivatives to hedge its exposure to commodity risk on an occasional basis. The Interlining business is exposed to fluctuations in the prices of fibers used in its products, a risk it manages by placing suppliers in competition with one another. The Wool business systematically matches its fixed-price sale commitments with fixed-price purchase commitments.
(b) Credit risk
(i) Trade receivables
The Group has no significant concentrations of credit risk as no one customer represents more than 10% of revenue. In addition, it protects itself against receivables risk through credit insurance and letters of credit wherever possible.
The Group has developed an internal ratings system for its businesses that are exposed to a counterparty risk of over six months, whereby risk ceilings are set in line with the risk profile of the counterparty concerned.
(ii) Country risk
The Group's geographical diversity means that it is not significantly exposed to political risk.
At December 31, 2008 the five main countries in which the Group's customers are located were rated at least "A" by Standard & Poor's.
Exercise 2008
| Country | % of total | Credit |
|---|---|---|
| 2008 | rating(1) | |
| consolidated | ||
| revenue | ||
| China 19.7% A+ | ||
| Italy 17.2% A+ | ||
| Germany 9.5% AAA | ||
| France 6.1% AAA | ||
| United States 8.3% AAA |
(1) Standard & Poor's.
(iii) Banking counterparty risk
The Group only deals with leading financial institutions for derivative instruments, cash-settled transactions and cash deposits.
(iv) Risks relating to insurers
Chargeurs has set up insurance policies covering various types of risk including customer insolvency, freight, property and casualty, business interruption and third-party liability. These policies are taken out with a range of insurance companies, which were all rated at least "A+" by Standard & Poor's at December 31, 2008.
Insurers
| Credit rating(1) |
|---|
| Commercial credit A+ |
| Freight A+ |
| Property and casualty AA– |
| Third-party liability A |
(1) Standard & Poor's.
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(c) Liquidity risk
The Group manages its liquidity risk via the following three main strategies:
(i) Ensuring that short-term assets exceed short-term liabilities
December 31, 2008
| (in euro millions) | Total | Due in | Due in | Due |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| less than | one to | beyond | ||
| one year | fi ve years | fi ve years | ||
| Financial assets and liabilities | ||||
| Cash and cash equivalents 57.8 57.8 | ||||
| Long-term borrowings (41.8) (39.8) (2.0) | ||||
| Short-term portion | ||||
| of long-term borrowings (20.3) (20.3) | ||||
| Short-term bank loans and overdrafts (79.9) (79.9) |
||||
| Net debt (84.2) (42.4) (39.8) (2.0) | ||||
| Derivative instruments – | ||||
| assets 1.3. | ||||
| Deposits and guarantees 9.3 1.6 7.7 | ||||
| Derivative instruments – | ||||
| liabilities (2.6) (2.6) | ||||
| Other fi nancial assets | ||||
| and liabilities 8.0 (1.0) 7.7 0.0 | ||||
| Sub-total – fi nancial | ||||
| assets and liabilities (76.2) (43.4) (32.1) (2.0) | ||||
| Working capital | ||||
| Trade and other receivables 75.9 75.9 | ||||
| Inventories 136.2 136.2 | ||||
| Trade payables (116.5) (116.5) | ||||
| Sub-total – operating | ||||
| assets and liabilities 95.6 95.6 0.0 0.0 | ||||
| Total 19.4 52.2 (32.1) (2.0) |
December 31, 2007
| Total 32.5 79.9 (40.8) (6.6) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| assets and liabilities 80.7 80.7 0 0 | ||||
| Sub-total – operating | ||||
| Trade payables (157.0) (157.0) | ||||
| Inventories 155.2 155.2 | ||||
| Trade and other receivables 82.5 82.5 | ||||
| Working capital | ||||
| assets and liabilities (48.2) (0.8) (40.8) (6.6) | ||||
| Sub-total – fi nancial | ||||
| Other fi nancial assets and liabilities 6.4 (2.9) 9.3 0 |
||||
| Derivative instruments – liabilities (4.7) (4.7) |
||||
| Deposits and guarantees 9.3 9.3 | ||||
| Derivative instruments – assets 1.8 1.8 |
||||
| Net debt (54.6) 2.1 (50.1) (6.6) | ||||
| Short-term bank loans and overdrafts (81.3) (81.3) |
||||
| Short-term portion of long-term borrowings (26.9) (26.9) |
||||
| Long-term borrowings (56.7) (50.1) (6.6) | ||||
| Financial assets and liabilities Cash and cash equivalents 110.3 110.3 |
||||
| less than one year |
one to fi ve year |
beyond fi ve year |
||
| (in euro millions) | Total | Due in | Due in | Due |
(ii) Forging partnerships with banks while maintaining a diversified lender base
The Group works with over 25 banks and financial institutions, of which the eight largest represent 75% of its available credit facilities.
(iii) Applying strict underwriting rules
When negotiating financing arrangements the Group is particularly careful to ensure that the related documentation minimizes liquidity risk. Specific negotiation standards have been set up to this end, and documentation drawn up in relation to material financing arrangements has to be validated at several different levels.
NOTES TO THE INCOME STATEMENT
24. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS
| (in euro millions) | 2008 | 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Research and development costs (4.2) (9.4) |
||
| Total (4.2) (9.4) |
25. OTHER OPERATING INCOME AND EXPENSE
| (in euro millions) | 2008 | 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Exchange gains and losses (0.8) (2.0) | ||
| Gains and losses on disposal of non-current assets (0.3) 1.2 |
||
| Restructuring costs (31.3) – | ||
| Other (0.3) 0.8 | ||
| Total (32.7) 0.0 |
Restructuring costs are analyzed by business in note 33.
26. EMPLOYEE INFORMATION
The average number of employees of fully consolidated subsidiaries in 2008 and 2007 was as follows:
| 2008 | 2007 | |
|---|---|---|
| Employees in France771 990 | ||
| Employees outside France 1,941 2,268 | ||
| Total employees 2,712 3,258 |
| (in euro millions) | 2008 | 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Wages and salaries 58.5 72.8 | ||
| Payroll taxes 21.5 24.3 | ||
| Discretionary profi t sharing 0.5 1.6 | ||
| Total 80.5 98.5 |
27. FINANCE COSTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INCOME AND EXPENSE
| 2008 | 2007 |
|---|---|
| Finance costs (13.6) (14.1) | |
| – Financial instruments (2.7) (0.4) | |
| Net fi nancial expense (11.5) (11.0) | |
| loans and investments6.1 3.5 consolidated companies (1.5) in foreign currencies – – Other 0.2 |
28. INCOME TAX EXPENSE
Income tax expense for 2008 and 2007 can be analyzed as follows:
| (in euro millions) | 2008 | 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Current taxes3.6 (5.6) | ||
| Deferred taxes (9.4) 1.5 | ||
| Total (5.8) (4.1) |
The following table reconciles the Group's actual tax charge to the theoretical tax charge that would apply based on the weighted average tax rate of the consolidated companies (which is similar to the French tax rate).
In 2008, the Group recognized proceeds of €9.0 million on the no-recourse sale to a financial institution of a tax receivable. Of the total amount, €1.4 million corresponding to late interest was recognized under financial income and €7.6 million corresponding to tax was recognized under current taxes.
| (in euro millions) | 2008 | 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Income tax expense for the year (5.8)(41) | ||
| Standard French income tax rate 33.33% 33.33% | ||
| Tax at the standard rate 14.4 (5.9) | ||
| Diff erence between income tax expense for the year and tax at the standard rate (20.2) 1.8 |
||
| Eff ect of diff erences in foreign tax rates (1.5) 0.8 |
||
| Eff ect of permanent diff erences between book profi t and taxable profi t (3.7)(0.9) |
||
| Utilizations of tax losses recognized in prior periods 3.6 |
||
| Eff ect of unrelieved tax losses (11.9)(1.3) | ||
| Valuation allowances on deferred tax assets relating to tax loss carryforwards (10.0) |
||
| Other 6.9 (0.4) |
29. STOCK OPTIONS
Employees have been granted options to purchase new Chargeurs shares under the following plan:
| Plan date | Number of options(1) |
Price (in euro) |
Grantees 31/12/2008(2) |
Start date of exercise period |
Expiry date of exercise period |
Options outstanding 31/12/2008 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Options to purchase new shares | ||||||
| May 31, 2001 369,000 26.23 55/110 June 1, 2005 May 31, 2009 242,850 | ||||||
| Total 369,000 242, 850 |
(1) The authorizations to grant stock options given by the Annual Shareholders' Meetings held between 1996 and 2001 were described in note 10 to the 2003 parent company fi nancial statements. The fi gures in this column have been adjusted to take into account the three-for-one bonus share issue paid up by capitalizing reserves, approved by the Annual Shareholders' Meeting of May 14, 2002.
(2) Current number of grantees/number of grantees at the inception of the plan.
The following table shows the number of options outstanding and their average exercise price:
| Number of | Weighted average | |
|---|---|---|
| options | exercise price | |
| Options outstanding at January 1, 2008 310,580 24.73 |
||
| Options expired during the year 67,730 19.36 |
||
| Options exercised during the year – – |
||
| Options outstanding at December 31, 2008 242,850 26.23 |
No employee benefit expense has been recorded for options granted prior to November 7, 2002.
30. EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing profit attributable to equity holders of the parent by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year. The Company reported a basic loss per share of €5.50 for 2008.
As there are no significant dilutive instruments outstanding, diluted earnings per share are the same as basic earnings per share.
31. CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
| (in euro millions) | 2008 | 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-tax profi t of consolidated companies (43.3) 17.8 |
||
| Adjustments for: 41.8 11.2 | ||
| – Depreciation and amortization 13.3 14.9 | ||
| – Provisions for liabilities and employee benefi t obligations 13.0 (3.2) |
||
| – Impairment of non-current assets 14.5 0.0 | ||
| – Fair value adjustments 0.9 0.1 | ||
| – Impact of discounting – – | ||
| – Unrealized gains on cash fl ow hedges reallocated or used during the year (before tax and minority interests) – – |
||
| – Gains and losses on sales of investments in non-consolidated companies and other non-current assets 0.3 (0.6) |
||
| – Other (0.2) – | ||
| Income tax paid 4.1 (6.3) | ||
| Cash fl ow 2.6 22.7 |
32. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
32.1 Commercial commitments
At December 31, 2008, Chargeurs and its subsidiaries were committed to purchasing plant and equipment for a total of €0.3 million (€0.4 million at December 31, 2007).
32.2 Guarantees
At December 31, 2008, Chargeurs and its subsidiaries had given guarantees for a total of €0.2 million.
In 2007, Chargeurs gave a seller's warranty to Holfipar in connection with the sale of 50% of Chargeurs Fashion. In late 2008 the two groups amended certain of the contractual provisions relating to this sale. Consequently, Chargeurs' seller's warranty is no longer applicable and both Holfipar and Chargeurs have undertaken to inject €0.85 million each into Fashion Company in 2009.
32.3 Collateral
At December 31, 2007, the Group's bank borrowings included a loan obtained in 2005 that was secured by a mortgage on the real estate assets of the subsidiary concerned. This loan was repaid in the first half of 2008, and the mortgage was therefore released.
32.4 Commitments under non-cancelable medium-term operating leases
Future minimum payments under non-cancelable medium-term operating leases break down as follows by maturity:
| (in euro millions) | Dec. 31, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Due in less than 1 year 8.8 10.2 | ||
| Due in one to 5 years 34.2 28.3 | ||
| Due in more than 5 years 0.0 0.0 | ||
| Total 43.0 38.5 |
32.5 Legal risks
At December 31, 2008, Chargeurs and its subsidiaries were involved in various legal proceedings. The risks involved have been examined on a case-by-case basis and, after advice from counsel, provisions have been set up where necessary.
Chargeurs has given seller's warranties in connection with the sale of certain subsidiaries. Adequate provisions are set aside as soon as it appears likely that payments will be claimed under these warranties.
32.6 Tax risks
In several host countries, tax returns for years not yet time-barred are open to a tax audit. In France, the statute of limitations in this respect is four years.
32.7 Special purpose entities
• Dolly structures
Over the last few years, Chargeurs has taken steps to refocus all its resources on its core businesses. To achieve this refocusing, the Group has outsourced certain operations previously performed internally to external companies which are legally and financially independent from Chargeurs.
• CWP
CWP performs approximately 45% of Chargeurs Wool's top-making operations. As these operations are outsourced, Chargeurs is a service provider for wool combing and top-making. If Chargeurs carried out these operations directly, its working capital requirement would be increased by approximately €49 million.
• IMLA
Following the termination of the operating leases between the three textile businesses and WMLA and IMLA, only Chargeurs Interlining renewed an operating lease with IMLA in 2006, for a sixyear term. Under the lease, the lessor does not have any obligation to buy back the assets. The related contract compiles with the standard accounting criteria for classification as an operating lease. Payments under this new lease with IMLA will average €3.75 million per year over the next five years.
| (in euro millions) | Chargeurs Protective |
Chargeurs Interlining |
Wool | Chargeurs Non-operating | Consolidated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Films | |||||
| Revenue 191.5 221.2 186.5 599.2 | |||||
| Operating profi t/(loss) 13.1(23.7) (6.8) (14.3) (31.7) | |||||
| Finance costs (11.5) | |||||
| Share of profi t of associates (7.9) | |||||
| Pre-tax profi t for the period (51.1) | |||||
| Income tax expense (5.8) | |||||
| Profi t for the period (56.9) |
| (in euro millions) | Chargeurs Protective |
Chargeurs Interlining |
Chargeurs Wool |
Fashion | Chargeurs Non-operating | Consolidated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Films | ||||||
| Revenue 208.3 242.1 254.2 85.0 789.6 | ||||||
| Operating profi t/(loss) 16.4 10.5 5.4 1.5 (5.1) 28.7 | ||||||
| Finance costs (11.0) | ||||||
| Share of profi t of associates 1.5 | ||||||
| Pre-tax profi t for the period 19.2 | ||||||
| Income tax expense (4.1) | ||||||
| Profi t for the period 15.1 |
| (in euro millions) | Chargeurs | Chargeurs | Chargeurs Non-operating | Consolidated | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protective | Interlining | Wool | |||
| Films | |||||
| Depreciation (2.5) (6.3) (3.5) (12.3) | |||||
| Impairment losses: | |||||
| – On goodwill | |||||
| – On property, plant and equipment (10.6) (0.5) (11.1) | |||||
| Impairment losses: | |||||
| – On inventories (1.4) (3.8) (1.9) (7.1) | |||||
| – On trade receivables 0.1 (1.0) (0.9) | |||||
| Restructuring costs(1) (25.9) (4.5) (3.8) (34.2) |
Additional information concerning 2007:
| (in euro millions) | Chargeurs Protective Films |
Chargeurs Interlining |
Chargeurs Wool |
Fashion | Chargeurs Non-operating | Consolidated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depreciation (2.9) (6.2) (4.1) (1.3) (0.3) (14.8) | ||||||
| Impairment losses: | ||||||
| – On goodwill 0.0 | ||||||
| – On property, plant and equipment 0.0 | ||||||
| Impairment losses: | ||||||
| – On inventories (0.6) (2.5) (0.2) (1.7) (5.0) | ||||||
| – On trade receivables 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 | ||||||
| Restructuring costs(1) 0.8 (1.3) (0.1) 0.6 0.0 |
(1) Aggregate restructuring costs recorded under various account headings.
Segment profit includes gains and losses on cash flow hedges accumulated in equity that are recycled into the income statement in the period when the hedged item affects profit or loss.
Finance costs include gains and losses corresponding to the effective portion of cash flow hedges used to hedge future interest payments. They also include gains and losses resulting from changes in the fair value of interest-rate derivatives that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges. Unallocated costs represent Group-level costs and include gains and losses on derivatives held for trading.
Inter-segment transfers and transactions are carried out on an arm's length basis.
Segment assets and liabilities at December 31, 2008
| (in euro millions) | Chargeurs | Chargeurs | Chargeurs Non-operating | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protective | Interlining | Wool | |||
| Films | |||||
| Assets(1) 146.0 195.0 128.0 13.0 482.0 | |||||
| Liabilities(2) 78.0 72.0 66.0 – 216.0 | |||||
| Capital employed 68.0 123.0 62.0 13.0 266.0 | |||||
| Purchases of assets 3.2 7.7 1.2 0.1 12.2 |
(1) Excluding cash and cash equivalents.
(2) Excluding equity and bank borrowings net of cash and cash equivalents.
Segment assets and liabilities at December 31, 2007
The data below for 2007 has been restated to eliminate the impact of inter-segment share transactions.
| (in euro millions) | Chargeurs Protective |
Chargeurs Interlining |
Wool | Chargeurs Non-operating | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Films | |||||
| Assets(1) 150.0 220.0 142.0 41.0 553.0 | |||||
| Liabilities(2) 86.0 68.0 107.0 – 261.0 | |||||
| Capital employed 64.0 152.0 35.0 41.0292.0 | |||||
| Purchases of assets 3.4 7.7 2.4 – 13.5 |
(1) Excluding cash and cash equivalents.
(2) Excluding equity and bank borrowings net of cash and cash equivalents.
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
34. INFORMATION BY GEOGRAPHICAL SEGMENT
The Group's operations are carried out on a global scale as shown in the tables below.
Revenue
| (in euro millions) | 2008 | 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Europe 289.8 422.7 | ||
| Asia-Pacifi c and Africa 211.0 247.0 | ||
| Americas 98.4 119.9 |
The main countries in which the Group operates are the following:
| (in euro millions) | 2008 | 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| China and Hong Kong 117.8 151.4 | ||
| Italy 103.1 123.8 | ||
| Germany 56.9 84.0 | ||
| France 36.6 75.7 | ||
| USA 49.9 67.2 | ||
Revenue is analyzed by geographical segment based on the location of the customer.
Total assets
| (in euro millions) | 2008 | 2007 |
|---|---|---|
| Europe 343.9 470.2 | ||
| Asia-Pacifi c and Africa 150.6 108.3 | ||
| Americas 96.2 155.1 | ||
| Total 590.7733.6 |
Assets are broken down based on the geographical area in which they are located.
Purchases of assets
| 2008 | 2007 |
|---|---|
| Asia-Pacifi c and Africa 1.3 3.3 | |
| Europe 9.8 7.4 Americas 1.1 2.9 |
Purchases of assets are broken down based on the geographical area in which the assets are located.
35. MAIN CONSOLIDATED COMPANIES
At December 31, 2008, 75 companies were fully consolidated (79 in 2007) and 17 were accounted for by the equity method (16 in 2007).
| Chargeurs | Parent |
|---|---|
| A – Fully consolidated companies | |
| Chargeurs Deutschland | |
| Chargeurs Textiles | |
| Leipziger Wollkämmerei AG | |
| Protective Films Business | |
| Chargeurs Protective Films Holding company for the business | |
| France Novacel and subsidiaries – Germany – Belgium – Spain – United Kingdom | |
| Italy Boston Tapes and subsidiaries | |
| North America Chargeurs Protective Films Inc. – Novacel Inc. | |
| Interlining Business | |
| Chargeurs Interlining Holding company for the business | |
| France Lainière de Picardie BC – Intissel – DHJ International | |
| Italy Chargeurs Interfodere Italia | |
| Germany LP Deutschland | |
| United Kingdom LP UK | |
| Spain LP Hispana | |
| Portugal LP Portugal | |
| Czech Republic Bertero SRO | |
| North America LP Inc. – DHJ Canada | |
| South America LP Brazil – Entretelas Americanas – LP Chile | |
| South Africa Stroud Riley | |
| Asia Chargeurs Interlining Hong Kong – DHJ Malaysia – LP Wujiang – LP Korea | |
| DHJ China – Chargeurs Yak Textile Trading – Etacol | |
| Wool Business | |
| Chargeurs Wool Holding company for the business | |
| France Chargeurs Wool (Eurasia) | |
| United Kingdom Hart Wool Bradford (Ltd) | |
| Italy Chargeurs Wool Sales (Europe) SRL | |
| South Africa Chargeurs Wool (South Africa) Pty | |
| Uruguay Lanas Trinidad | |
| Argentina Chargeurs Wool (Argentina) SA | |
| Australia Chargeurs Wool Pty | |
| New Zealand Chargeurs Wool (NZ) Limited | |
| USA Chargeurs Wool (USA) Inc. | |
| Asia Chargeurs Wool Sales (Shanghai) Limited – Zhangjiagang Yangtse Wool Combing | |
| Other | |
| ChinaLaina | |
| B – Companies accounted for by the equity method | |
| Ningbo Yak Kyokuyo Textiles (49%) | |
| Ningbo Lailong Bertero Interlining (49%) | |
| Comtex (50%) | |
| Peinaje del Rio Llobregat (40%) | |
| Peinaduria Rio Chubut (50%) | |
| Fashion Company (50%) |
Percentages indicate Chargeurs' percentage of control at December 31, 2008 for companies that are not wholly owned or almost wholly owned by the Group.
36. RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Transactions with associates
In 2008, transactions with associates primarily concerned purchases from the Chinese companies Ningbo Yak Kyokuyo Textiles and Ningbo Lailong Bertero Interlining. The corresponding expenses amounted to €13.8 million, recognized in cost of sales.
Management compensation
Compensation paid to Directors and Officers in 2008 amounted to €30,000 and €597,171 respectively.
37. EVENTS AFTER THE BALANCE SHEET DATE
There were no significant post-balance sheet events.
STATUTORY AUDITORS' REPORT ON THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Year ended December 31, 2008)
This is a free translation into English of the Statutory Auditors' report issued in the French language and is provided solely for the convenience of English speaking readers. The Statutory Auditors' report includes information specifically required by French law in all audit reports, whether qualified or not, and this is presented below the opinion on the financial statements. This information includes an explanatory paragraph discussing the Auditors' assessments of certain significant accounting and auditing matters. These assessments were considered for the purpose of issuing an audit opinion on the financial statements taken as a whole and not to provide separate assurance on individual account captions or on information taken outside of the financial statements. This report, together with the Statutory Auditors' report addressing financial and accounting information in the Chairman's report on internal control, should be read in conjunction with, and construed in accordance with, French law and professional auditing standards applicable in France.
To the shareholders,
In compliance with the assignment entrusted to us by the Annual Meeting, we hereby report to you, for the year ended December 31, 2008, on:
The audit of the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Chargeurs.
The justification of our assessments.
The specific verification required by law.
These consolidated financial statements have been approved by the Board of Directors. Our role is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.
1. Opinion on the consolidated financial statements
We conducted our audit in accordance with professional standards applicable in France. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used, the significant estimates made by the management and the overall financial statements presentation. We believe that our audit provides a sufficient and appropriate basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and results of the consolidated group of companies in accordance with IFRS as adopted for use in the European Union.
2. Justification of our assessments
The accounting estimates used to prepare the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2008 were made at a time when the economic outlook was hard to discern. It was in this context that, in accordance with the requirements of article L. 823-9 of the French Commercial Code (Code de Commerce), we performed our assessments, which we now bring to your attention:
Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements describes the critical accounting estimates and judgments applied by management, particularly those related to impairment of goodwill and income tax. Our work consisted of assessing the data and assumptions on which these estimates and judgments were made, and examining, on a test basis, the calculations performed by the company. We compared accounting estimates of prior periods with the actual results and reviewed approval procedures of these estimates by management. We also obtained assurance that the notes to the consolidated financial statements disclose appropriate information on the assumptions and options applied by the company.
The assessments were made in the context of our audit of the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and therefore contributed to the formation of the unqualified opinion expressed in the first part of this report.
3. Specific verification
We have also verified the information given in the Group management report, in accordance with the law. We have no matters to report regarding its fair presentation and conformity with the consolidated financial statements.
Neuilly-sur-Seine and Paris – March 20, 2009
The Statutory Auditors
| PricewaterhouseCoopers Audit | S & W Associés |
|---|---|
| Gérard Morin | Vincent Young |
STATUTORY AUDITORS' REPORT PREPARED IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE L. 225-235 OF THE CODE DE COMMERCE, ON THE REPORT PREPARED BY THE CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF CHARGEURS
This is a free translation into English of the Statutory Auditors' report issued in the French language and is provided solely for the convenience of English speaking readers. This report should be read in conjunction with, and construed in accordance with, French law and professional auditing standards applicable in France.
To the shareholders,
In our capacity as Statutory Auditors of Chargeurs, and in accordance with article L. 225-235 of the French Commercial Code (Code de Commerce), we report to you on the report prepared by the Chairman of your company in accordance with article L. 225-37 of the Code de Commerce for the year ended December 31, 2008.
It is for the Chairman to prepare and submit to the approval of the Board of Directors a report reviewing the internal control and risk management procedures in place within the company and providing the other information specified in article L. 225-37 of the Code de Commerce, notably as concerns the corporate governance system.
It is our responsibility to:
Report to you our observations on the information set out in the Chairman's report on the internal control procedures relating to the preparation and processing of financial and accounting information.
Attest that the report contains the other information specified in article L. 225-37 of the Code de Commerce. However, our responsibility does not include verifying the fairness of this other information.
We performed our procedures in accordance with professional standards applicable in France.
Information on the internal control procedures relating to the preparation and processing of financial and accounting information
Professional standards require us to perform procedures to assess the fairness of the information set out in the Chairman's report on the internal control procedures relating to the preparation and processing of financial and accounting information. These procedures notably consisted of:
– Examining the internal control procedures related to preparation and processing of accounting and financial data underlying the information presented in the Chairman's report, as well as existing documentation.
– Acquiring an understanding of the work performed in order to prepare this information and existing documentation.
– Determining whether the major internal control weaknesses concerning the preparation and processing of accounting and financial information that we may have identified as part of our audit are appropriately disclosed in the Chairman's report.
Based on the procedures performed, we have no matters to report concerning the information provided on the company's internal control procedures related to the preparation and processing of accounting and financial information, as contained in the report of the Chairman of the Board of Directors prepared in accordance with article L. 225-37 of the Code de Commerce.
Neuilly-sur-Seine and Paris – March 20, 2009
The Statutory Auditors
| PricewaterhouseCoopers Audit | S & W Associés |
|---|---|
| Gérard Morin | Vincent Young |
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Eduardo MALONE Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Laurent DEROLEZ Managing Director, Chargeurs Protective Films
Philippe HAROCHE Vice-President, General Counsel
Martine ODILLARD Vice-President, Human Resources and Corporate Communications
Christophe POTHIER Vice-President, Finance
Richard VON GERSTENBERG Managing Director, Chargeurs Wool
Bernard VOSSART Managing Director, Chargeurs Interlining
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Eduardo MALONE
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Current term began: 2006 Current term expires: 2009
Other directorships
Co-Chairman Pathé Chief Executive Officer Pathé SAS Chairman EuroPalaces, Chargeurs Textiles Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Sofi Emy Director Companie Deutsch, Lanas Trinidad SA, Lanera Santa Maria SA, Lainière de Picardie UK Ltd, Otegui Hermanos SA
Jérôme SEYDOUX
Vice-Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Current term began: 2007 Current term expires: 2010 Other directorships Co-Chairman Pathé Chairman Pathé SAS, Pathé Distribution SAS, Pathé Production SAS, Les Éditions du Coquelicot Member of the Executive Committee Pathé Production SAS, Pricel SAS Chief Executive Officer Pricel SAS Vice-Chairman and member of the Investment Committee Olympique Lyonnais Groupe Vice-Chairman and member of the Supervisory Board Compagnie du Mont-Blanc SA Member of the Executive Board Pathé SAS Chairman of the Compensation Committee Accor SA Director, Accor SA, Olympique Lyonnais Groupe Legal Manager Edjer EURL, Ojej SC, Sojer SC
Permanent representative of Soparic Participations on the Board of Olympique Lyonnais SASP
Salim Meir IBRAHIM Director Current term began: 2007 Current term expires: 2010
Giuseppe PIROLA
Director Current term began: 2008 Current term expires: 2011
Other directorships
Chairman of the Board of Directors Studio Pirola Pennuto Zei & Associati, Finanziaria Brera Srl (formerly E-Thinkers Srl) Director Antonello Manuli Finanziaria SpA, Auto Centauro de la Vallee Srl, Autocrocetta SpA, Coop-Lease SpA, F.lli Gancia SpA, Gest Auto SpA, Gruppo Euro Auto 2000 SpA, Idea Uno SpA, Manuli Rubber Industries SpA, Manuli Strech SpA, Premium Car Rent Srl, Riso Gallo SpA, Terme di Saturnia Srl
Lead Auditor ABB SpA, ABB Cap SpA, ABB Estense Service SpA in Liq., Aliaxis Holding Italia SpA, Bluestar Silicones Italia SpA, Ecodeco Srl, Fertilvita Srl, Fineurop SpA, Fudfina Srl, Glynwed Srl, Nerviano Medical Sciences Srl, OMR Holding SpA (Officine Meccaniche Rezzatesi), Orofin SpA, Prosciuttificio Rovagnati Srl, Redi HT Srl, Redi SpA, Rhodia Italia SpA, Rovagnati SpA, Sibelco Italia SpA
Georges RALLI
Director
Current term began: 2007 Current term expires: 2010
Other directorships
Chairman Maison Lazard SAS, Lazard Frères Gestion SA Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Lazard Frères Banque SA Vice-Chairman, Executive Director and Managing Partner Compagnie Financière Lazard Frères SAS Vice-Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Managing Partner Lazard Frères SAS Managing Partner Lazard Frères Gestion SAS Director Lazard Frères Banque, Fonds Partenaires-Gestion, SILIC, Veolia Environnement, VLGI Non-Voting Director Eurazeo Deputy Chairman and Member of the Board of Directors Lazard Group LLC (USA) Chief Executive, European Investment Banking Business Lazard Group LLC (USA) Co-Chairman European Investment Banking Committee Lazard Group LLC (USA) Member of the European Advisory Board, Lazard Group LLC (USA) Member of the Executive Committee Lazard Strategic Coordination Company LLC (USA) Member of the Board of Directors Lazard & Co. Srl (Italy) Director, Lazard Investments Srl (Italy)
CHARGEURS
Head office
29-31, rue Washington – 75008 Paris – France Phone +33 (0)1 71 72 33 50 – Fax +33 (0)1 71 72 33 51 www.chargeurs.fr French société anonyme with share capital of €166,033,552 RCS Paris 390 474 898
Corporate Communications
Martine Odillard Phone +33 (0)1 71 72 30 43 – Fax +33 (0)1 71 72 33 67
Finance, Investor Relations
Christophe Pothier Phone +33 (0)1 71 72 33 50 – Fax +33 (0)1 71 72 33 66
Chargeurs Protective Films
27, rue du Docteur-Émile-Bataille 76250 Déville-lès-Rouen – France Phone +33 (0)2 32 82 72 32 – Fax +33 (0)2 35 75 47 24
Chargeurs Interlining
Buire-Courcelles – BP 70112 80202 Péronne Cedex – France Phone +33 (0)3 22 73 40 00 – Fax +33 (0)3 22 73 40 01
Chargeurs Wool Worldwide Operations
C/O Chargeurs Wool (Argentine) SA avenida de Mayo 605 – Piso 11 C1084 AAB Buenos Aires – Argentina Phone +54 (0) 11 4345 7983 – Fax +54 (0) 11 4342 0631
Statutory Auditors
PricewaterhouseCoopers Audit SA, Auditor, 63, rue de Villiers – 92208 Neuilly-sur-Seine – France Yves Nicolas, Substitute Auditor, 63, rue de Villiers – 92208 Neuilly-sur-Seine – France S & W Associés, Vincent Young, Auditor, 8, avenue Président-Wilson – 75116 Paris – France Maryse Le Goff, Substitute Auditor, 8, avenue Président-Wilson – 75116 Paris – France
This version of the annual report is a translation from the original, which was prepared in French. In all matters of interpretation of information, views or opinions expressed therein, the original language version of the report takes precedence over this translation. The financial report containing the documents required for the Annual Shareholders' Meeting (including the 2008 financial statements of the parent company, Chargeurs) is presented in a separate document, available on request from the Corporate Communications Department.
Design and production:
French copy consultant: Jacques Guérin
Chairman's portrait: Luc Perenom
CONTENTS
| Holding the course | 1 |
|---|---|
| The year in review 2 | |
| Chairman's message | 10 |
| Financial highlights | 11 |
| Investor information | 12 |
| Sustainable development | 14 |
| Chairman's Report on corporate governance and internal control |
18 |
| Financial Report | 20 |
| Consolidated financial statements | 22 |
| Statutory Auditors' reports | 56 |
| Corporate governance | 58 |
| Contacts | 59 |