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CHALICE MINING LIMITED — Capital/Financing Update 2023
Mar 27, 2023
64649_rns_2023-03-27_55ba3d34-edf3-40fe-9d22-272244bbff3c.pdf
Capital/Financing Update
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ASX Announcement
28 March 2023
Gonneville Resource increases by ~50% to ~3Mt NiEq
Significant resource growth and upgrade in confidence provides a strong initial open-pit development option for the world-class Julimar Ni-Cu-PGE Project
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Highlights
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« Updated open-pit and underground Mineral Resource Estimate (Resource) completed for the Gonneville PGE-Ni-Cu-Co-Au deposit (Deposit), located on Chalice-owned farmland within the 100%-owned Julimar Ni-Cu-PGE Project , ~70km NE of Perth, WA:
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« 560Mt @ 0.88g/t 3E[1] , 0.16% Ni, 0.09% Cu, 0.015% Co ( ~0.54% NiEq[2] or ~1.7g/t PdEq[3] ) ;
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« Containing: 16Moz 3E, 860kt Ni, 520kt Cu, 83kt Co ( ~3.0Mt NiEq or ~30Moz PdEq ).
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« An additional 260 drill holes have been incorporated in the updated Resource, increasing the contained metal by ~18% in-pit and ~16% in underground category. An additional ~14% increase is from the application of a slightly reduced open-pit cut-off grade (reflecting updated metallurgical and economic parameters).
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« Recent metallurgical testing has shown improved Pd recovery through addition of flotation tails leaching. This work as well as work investigating improvements to flotation recoveries through staged grinding is ongoing, and therefore not factored into this resource update.
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« Resources are now defined over a strike extent of ~1.9km , from surface to a depth of ~800m and remain open at depth.
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« The higher-grade sulphide component of the Resource (>0.6% NiEq cut-off) has increased contained nickel equivalent tonnes by ~27% :
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« 120Mt @ 1.6g/t 3E, 0.20% Ni, 0.18% Cu, 0.017% Co ( ~0.9% NiEq or ~2.7g/t PdEq);
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« Containing: 5.8Moz 3E, 230kt Ni, 210kt Cu, 20kt Co ( ~1.0Mt NiEq or ~10Moz PdEq );
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« This higher-grade component affords the project significant optionality in development and remains the focus for ongoing studies evaluating the initial development phase.
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« 10m spaced infill drilling over an area of ~150m x ~75m within the expected Starter Pit area has upgraded this area to Measured classification and confirmed the robustness of the Resource model at 40m drill spacing .
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« The Resource remains open and significant recent step-out drill results outside the updated Resource boundary highlight the potential for considerable further growth:
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« 193.6m @ 0.8g/t 3E, 0.2% Ni , 0.1% Cu, 0.02% Co ( 0.6% NiEq ) from 403m (HD068), incl:
- « 16m @ 1.3g/t 3E, 0.3% Ni, 0.1% Cu, 0.03% Co (0.9% NiEq) from 512m ( ~180m step-out ).
1 3E = Palladium (Pd) + Platinum (Pt) + Gold (Au), with an average in-situ ratio of ~4.8:1:0.18 (Pd:Pt:Au)
2 NiEq (Nickel Equivalent %) = Ni (%) + 0.32x Pd(g/t) + 0.21x Pt(g/t) + 0.38x Au(g/t) + 0.83x Cu(%) + 3.00x Co(%)
3 PdEq (Palladium Equivalent g/t) = Pd (g/t) + 0.67x Pt(g/t) + 1.17x Au(g/t) + 3.11x Ni(%) + 2.57x Cu(%) + 9.33x Co(%)
Registered Office ABN 47 116 648 956
Level 3, 46 Colin Street West Perth, Western Australia PO Box 428, West Perth 6872
[email protected] @chalicemining www.chalicemining.com chalice-mining
T: +61 8 9322 3960
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« 168.2m @ 1.0g/t 3E, 0.1% Ni, 0.1% Cu, 0.02% Co (0.6% NiEq) from 988m (JD369), incl:
- « 32.5m @ 1.9g/t 3E, 0.2% Ni, 0.2% Cu, 0.02% Co (1.0% NiEq) from 1119.5m ( ~600m stepout, the deepest mineralisation intersected at Gonneville to date).
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« 123.1m @ 1.0g/t 3E, 0.2% Ni , 0.1% Cu, 0.02% Co ( 0.6% NiEq ) from 547.3m (JD366), incl:
- « 18m @ 1.9g/t 3E, 0.3% Ni , 0.1% Cu, 0.03% Co ( 1.1% NiEq ) from 587m ( ~130m step-out ).
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« 109m @ 1.0g/t 3E, 0.2% Ni , 0.1% Cu, 0.02% Co (0.6% NiEq) from 365m (JD374), incl:
- « 10m @ 2.6g/t 3E, 0.2% Ni, 0.1% Cu, 0.02% Co ( 1.1% NiEq ) from 463m ( ~60m step-out ).
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« Magmatic sulphides continue to be intersected over a strike length of >10km, highlighting the potential for additional Ni-Cu-PGE discoveries along the >30km long Julimar Complex :
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« The Gonneville Resource occupies just ~7% of the Julimar Complex strike length.
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« Four rigs are continuing reconnaissance exploration and resource step-out drilling at the Project – assays are pending for 52 drill holes.
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« Given the growing scale of the Resource and in response to continued strong strategic interest in the Julimar Project, Chalice intends to commence a formal strategic partnering process :
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« Chalice has been engaging with a range of downstream, trading and end-user parties in relation to securing a potential minority joint venture partner (or partners) for the Project and will now broaden the engagement to include potential mining/operating partners.
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« Process will explore a broad range of transactions with aim of maximising shareholder value.
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« Partnering process will continue in parallel with the progression of development studies and has the potential to influence the optimal development plan for Gonneville.
Overview
Chalice Mining Limited (“Chalice” or “the Company”, ASX: CHN | OTCQB: CGMLF) is pleased to report an updated Mineral Resource Estimate (Resource) for the Gonneville Deposit (Deposit), the first discovery at its 100%-owned Julimar Nickel-Copper-Platinum Group Element (PGE) Project , located ~70km north-east of Perth in Western Australia.
The large-scale Gonneville magmatic PGE-Ni-Cu-Co-Au sulphide deposit, which was initially discovered in early 2020, is located on Chalice-owned farmland. Over the last three years, more than 1,000 drill holes for ~275,000m have been completed to define the deposit which, remarkably, still remains open to the north-west and down-dip.
Since the previous Resource update in July 2022, drilling at Gonneville has largely been focused on infill and extensional drilling at the northern end of the Deposit, as well as extending high-grade shoots at depth. A total of 260 new drill holes have been incorporated into this Resource update.
The drilling and re-modelling have resulted in a ~50% increase in the contained nickel equivalent metal relative to the July 2022 estimate (Figure 1).
This increase is due to:
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« Extensional drilling defining new mineralisation along strike and down-dip of the previous Resource pit shell.
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« The Resource pit shell increasing in size in the northern portion of the deposit as a result of infill and extensional drilling defining additional mineralisation.
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« Pit optimisation parameters being updated to incorporate revised long-term metal prices as well as new metallurgical testwork on lower-grade disseminated sulphide mineralisation, and revised processing and mining costs resulting in a slight reduction in the Resource cut-off grade from 0.40% NiEq to 0.35% NiEq. This has also reduced the strip ratio to ~1.6 (previously >2).
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- « The inclusion of additional mineralisation in the underground category, based on the potential for bulk underground mining (i.e., sub-level caving). The July 2022 Resource only included highgrade underground areas within Mineable Stope Optimiser (MSO) shapes.
Gonneville Resource comparison (Nov-21 to Mar-23)
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3.5
3.0
0.3
0.3
2.5
1.4
0.4
2.0
0.7
1.5
1.0
1.0
1.6
1.4
0.5 0.9
0.0
MRE1 Nov-21 MRE2 Jul-22 Open pit Underground Reduced cut- MRE3 Mar-23
increase increase off
Measured Indicated Inferred Increase
Nickel Equivalent tonnes contained (Mt NiEq)
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Figure 1. Change in Gonneville Resource from November 2021 to March 2023.
A program of close-spaced RC drilling on a nominal 10m x 10m pattern was completed over an area of ~150m x 75m (within the expected Starter Pit area) to determine the short-range grade variability and confirm the geological interpretation of the high-grade G1/G2 zones. This detailed drilling has upgraded the Resource in this area to Measured classification. Step-out drilling has also continued to evaluate the broader extent of mineralisation, typically on 80-200m spacing.
The Resource includes a mix of oxide, transitional and sulphide mineralisation. The sulphide mineralisation in-pit is reported at two different cut-off grades (0.35% and 0.60% NiEq) to highlight the scale and development optionality the Deposit affords.
The robust nature of the Resource is demonstrated by the grade-tonnage curve (Figure 3), which highlights the significant quantity of pit-constrained sulphide mineralisation at higher cut-off grades. Note that the grade-tonnage curve for the Resource includes material classified as Inferred, where data is insufficient to allow the geological grade and continuity to be confidently interpreted. Note that the grade-tonnage curve excludes oxide and underground resource domains.
The significant higher-grade component of the Resource provides excellent optionality for any future development and could potentially materially improve project economics in the initial years of the operation. This remains a focus of the ongoing development studies.
Drilling is continuing at Gonneville outside the Resource, with assays currently pending for 52 drill holes. Two diamond rigs continue to test for extensions of high-grade mineralisation at depth. The Deposit remains open beyond a depth of ~800m, with step-out drilling indicating that mineralisation extends to at least ~1,100m. This points to a significant underground resource growth opportunity.
Commenting on the updated Resource, Chalice Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer, Alex Dorsch, said: “ The ~50% increase in the Gonneville Resource to ~3 million tonnes of nickel equivalent
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is quite a remarkable achievement for the Chalice team given it is barely three years since the discovery of the Julimar Complex. Gonneville is now the 2[rd] largest undeveloped nickel sulphide resource in Australia.
“The latest numbers continue to demonstrate the world-class endowment, scale and quality of the Gonneville Deposit, while also highlighting a compelling picture of upside along the remaining ~28km strike length of the Julimar Intrusive Complex.
“Apart from further increasing the contained metal, this Resource update has also delivered a significant increase in the higher-confidence Indicated Resource component – which now represents ~60% of the open-pit Resource. Importantly, 95% of the Resource above a depth of 200m is now classified as Indicated, which represents a major de-risking step for the Project.
“This uplift in the higher confidence Resource categories includes the tightly spaced drilling that was undertaken in the Starter Pit area to determine the short-range grade variability and confirm the geological interpretation of the high-grade G1/G2 zones. This work has been very successful, resulting in the establishment of Measured Resources in this area and increasing our confidence in the robustness of the overall Resource model at 40m drill spacing.
“The continued growth in the higher-grade sulphide component – both in an expanded open pit optimisation and, significantly, in a wide-open bulk underground category, further enhances the significant development optionality of the Deposit – with the updated March 2023 MRE to be incorporated into the ongoing Scoping Study work.
“Because of the sheer size and quality of the Resource and the significant level of inbound inquiries we have received from a range of downstream, trading and end-user parties, the Board has decided to commence a formal strategic partnering process for the Julimar Project. This process will consider a broad range of potential transactions with the aim of maximising shareholder value and will continue in parallel with the ongoing Scoping Study.
“It is also evident from recent exploration results that there is enormous growth potential both at depth at Gonneville and along the effectively untested Julimar Complex to the north. While we already have a tier-1 scale deposit which has the potential to underpin a world-class, long-life green metals project, the Resource base is expected to continue to grow. Our multi-pronged exploration campaign will therefore continue over the coming months as we work to unlock the full potential of the 30km long Julimar Complex.
“This means that shareholders and stakeholders can look forward to several parallel news-flow streams in the months ahead – from ongoing development studies, from the strategic partnering process, and from ongoing exploration aimed at further expanding the Resource and unlocking new discoveries.”
Project location and history
The 100%-owned Julimar Nickel-Copper-PGE Project is located ~70km north-east of Perth in Western Australia. The greenfield Project was staked in early 2018 as part of Chalice’s global search for highpotential nickel sulphide exploration opportunities.
Chalice interpreted the possible presence of an unrecognised, >30km long mafic-ultramafic layered intrusive complex at Julimar based on high-resolution regional magnetics (the Julimar Complex). An initial RC drill program commenced in Q1 2020 at the southern end of the Julimar Complex on private farmland (due to access constraints) and resulted in the discovery of high-grade PGE-nickel-coppercobalt-gold sulphide mineralisation near surface. The first hole discovery at the project was named Gonneville.
The discovery of Gonneville and the Julimar Complex established the newly defined West Yilgarn NiCu-PGE Province in Western Australia, an almost completely untested mineral province which is interpreted to extend for ~1,200km along the western margin of the Yilgarn Craton.
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The Julimar Project is favourably located, with access to established road, rail, port and high-voltage power infrastructure nearby, plus access to a significant ‘drive-in, drive-out’ mining workforce in the Perth surrounds (Figure 2).
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Figure 2. Julimar Complex, Gonneville Deposit, Project tenure and nearby infrastructure.
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Resource overview
Chalice engaged Cube Consulting (Cube) to prepare an updated Mineral Resource Estimate (Resource) for Gonneville. The Resource has been reported in accordance with the JORC Code (2012), is effective 28[th] March 2023, and is shown in full in Table 1.
Cube considers that data collection techniques are consistent with good industry practice and are suitable for use in the preparation of a Resource to be reported in accordance with the JORC Code. Available quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) data supports the use of the input data provided by Chalice.
The Resource is considered to have reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction (RPEEE) on the following basis:
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« The Deposit is located in a favourable mining jurisdiction, with no known impediments to land access or tenure status.
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« The volume, orientation and grade of the Resource is amenable to mining extraction via traditional open pit and bulk underground mining methods.
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« Current metallurgical recovery vs grade formulae based on available metallurgical test work and nominal metal concentrate offtake payment terms were used in a Whittle pit optimisation to generate the resource pit shell.
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« Fresh sulphide mineralisation outside the pit is reported at a higher cut-off grade, which takes into account higher mining costs associated with bulk underground mining methods. The cut-off grade used to constrain mineralisation outside the pit is comparable to that used for Mineral Resources at similar bulk underground operations in Australia.
The Resource is reported within a pit shell using long term metal price assumptions of US$1,800/oz Pd, US$1,200/oz Pt, US$1,800/oz Au, US$24,000/t Ni, US$10,500/t Cu, US$72,000/t Co and is reported above a 0.35% NiEq cut-off grade in-pit. Resources outside the pit shell are reported above a sub-level cave underground cut-off grade of 0.4% NiEq.
Chalice and Cube believe this is a reasonable approach, considering the potential mine life and considerations for reporting Mineral Resources in accordance with the JORC Code.
The Resource is reported according to domain (oxide, transitional, fresh or underground) as well as codified confidence levels (Measured, Indicated or Inferred) (Table 1).
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Table 1. Gonneville Mineral Resource Estimate (JORC Code 2012), 28 March 2023.
| Domain Cut-off Grade |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Mass | Grade | Contained Metal | |||
| (Mt) | Pd (g/t) Pt (g/t) Au (g/t) Ni (%) Cu (%) Co (%) |
NiEq (%) PdEq (g/t) |
Pd (Moz) Pt (Moz) Au (Moz) Ni (kt) Cu (kt) Co (kt) |
NiEq (kt) PdEq (Moz) |
||
| Oxide 0.9g/t Pd |
Measured | - | - - - - - - |
- - |
- - - - - - |
- - |
| Indicated | 7.3 | 1.9 - 0.06 - - - |
- 2.0 |
0.45 - 0.01 - - - |
- 0.47 |
|
| Inferred | 0.2 | 1.9 - 0.07 - - - |
- 2.0 |
0.01 - 0.00 - - - |
- 0.02 |
|
| Subtotal | 7.5 | 1.9 - 0.06 - - - |
- 2.0 |
0.47 - 0.01 - - - |
- 0.49 |
|
| Sulphide (Transitional) 0.35% NiEq |
Measured | 0.38 | 0.82 0.17 0.03 0.19 0.17 0.020 |
0.70 2.2 |
0.01 - - 0.72 0.63 0.07 |
2.7 0.03 |
| Indicated | 14 | 0.66 0.15 0.03 0.16 0.10 0.018 |
0.54 1.7 |
0.30 0.07 0.01 22 14 2.5 |
77 0.77 |
|
| Inferred | 0.27 | 0.60 0.16 0.03 0.15 0.12 0.015 |
0.54 1.7 |
0.01 - - 0.42 0.32 0.04 |
1.5 0.01 |
|
| Subtotal | 15 | 0.66 0.15 0.03 0.16 0.10 0.018 |
0.55 1.7 |
0.31 0.07 0.01 23 15 2.6 |
81 0.81 |
|
| Sulphide (Fresh) 0.35% NiEq |
Measured | 2.3 | 1.1 0.26 0.03 0.24 0.18 0.019 |
0.87 2.7 |
0.08 0.02 - 5.4 4.2 0.43 |
20 0.20 |
| Indicated | 280 | 0.67 0.15 0.03 0.16 0.09 0.015 |
0.53 1.7 |
6.0 1.3 0.23 440 260 43 |
1500 15 |
|
| Inferred | 200 | 0.67 0.15 0.03 0.15 0.09 0.015 |
0.53 1.6 |
4.4 0.96 0.16 310 180 29 |
1100 11 |
|
| Subtotal | 480 | 0.67 0.15 0.03 0.16 0.09 0.015 |
0.53 1.7 |
10 2.3 0.39 750 440 72 |
2600 26 |
|
| Underground 0.40% NiEq |
Measured | - | - - - - - - |
- - |
- - - - - - |
- - |
| Indicated | 1.7 | 0.75 0.21 0.06 0.14 0.08 0.013 |
0.55 1.7 |
0.04 0.01 - 2.4 1.4 0.23 |
9.5 0.10 |
|
| Inferred | 52 | 0.78 0.17 0.03 0.16 0.11 0.015 |
0.59 1.8 |
1.3 0.28 0.05 83 56 7.7 |
310 3.1 |
|
| Subtotal | 54 | 0.78 0.17 0.03 0.16 0.11 0.015 |
0.59 1.8 |
1.3 0.29 0.06 86 57 7.9 |
320 3.2 |
|
| All | Measured | 2.7 | 1.1 0.24 0.03 0.23 0.18 0.019 |
0.85 2.6 |
0.09 0.02 - 6.2 4.9 0.51 |
23 0.23 |
| Indicated | 300 | 0.70 0.15 0.03 0.16 0.09 0.015 |
0.54 1.7 |
6.8 1.4 0.26 460 280 45 |
1600 16 |
|
| Inferred | 250 | 0.70 0.15 0.03 0.15 0.09 0.015 |
0.54 1.7 |
5.7 1.2 0.22 390 230 37 |
1400 14 |
|
| Total | 560 | 0.70 0.15 0.03 0.16 0.09 0.015 |
0.54 1.7 |
13 2.7 0.48 860 520 83 |
3000 30 |
Note some numerical differences may occur due to rounding to 2 significant figures. PdEq oxide (Palladium Equivalent g/t) = Pd (g/t) + 1.27x Au (g/t)
NiEq sulphide (Nickel Equivalent %) = Ni (%) + 0.32x Pd(g/t) + 0.21x Pt(g/t) + 0.38x Au(g/t) + 0.83x Cu(%) + 3.00x Co(%) PdEq sulphide (Palladium Equivalent g/t) = Pd (g/t) + 0.67x Pt(g/t) + 1.17 x Au(g/t) + 3.11x Ni(%) + 2.57x Cu(%) + 9.33x Co(%) Underground resources are outside the pit above a 0.40% NiEq cut off grade based on sub-level caving mining method Includes drill holes drilled up to and including 11 December 2022.
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Table 2. Higher-grade sulphide component of Gonneville Resource (in pit and underground), 28 March 2023.
| Domain Cut-off Grade |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Mass | Grade | Contained Metal | |||
| (Mt) | Pd (g/t) Pt (g/t) Au (g/t) Ni (%) Cu (%) Co (%) |
NiEq (%) PdEq (g/t) |
Pd (Moz) Pt (Moz) Au (Moz) Ni (kt) Cu (kt) Co (kt) |
NiEq (kt) PdEq (Moz) |
||
| Measured | 0.17 | 1.2 0.24 0.05 0.24 0.25 0.023 |
0.97 3.0 |
0.01 - - 0.41 0.43 0.04 |
1.7 0.02 |
|
| High-grade Sulphide (Transitional) 0.6% NiEq |
Indicated | 3.4 | 1.1 0.21 0.04 0.20 0.16 0.020 |
0.79 2.5 |
0.12 0.02 - 6.6 5.3 0.69 |
27 0.27 |
| Inferred | 0.07 | 0.84 0.18 0.03 0.22 0.26 0.019 |
0.81 2.5 |
- - - 0.16 0.18 0.01 |
0.57 0.01 |
|
| Subtotal | 3.6 | 1.1 0.21 0.04 0.20 0.16 0.021 |
0.80 2.5 |
0.12 0.02 - 7.2 5.9 0.74 |
29 0.29 |
|
| Measured | 0.88 | 2.2 0.47 0.05 0.39 0.35 0.027 |
1.6 4.9 |
0.06 0.01 - 3.4 3.1 0.24 |
14 0.14 |
|
| High-grade 0.6% |
Indicated | 58 | 1.2 0.26 0.06 0.20 0.18 0.018 |
0.87 2.7 |
2.3 0.48 0.11 120 100 10 |
500 5.1 |
| Sulphide (Fresh) NiEq |
Inferred | 40 | 1.3 0.26 0.06 0.19 0.18 0.017 |
0.87 2.7 |
1.6 0.33 0.08 75 73 6.6 |
340 3.5 |
| Subtotal | 98 | 1.2 0.26 0.06 0.20 0.18 0.017 |
0.88 2.7 |
3.9 0.82 0.19 200 180 17 |
860 8.7 |
|
| Underground 0.6% NiEq |
Measured | - | - - - - - - |
- - |
- - - - - - |
- - |
| Indicated | 0.4 | 1.2 0.36 0.12 0.14 0.11 0.014 |
0.78 2.5 |
0.02 - - 0.61 0.46 0.06 |
3.3 0.03 |
|
| Inferred | 13 | 1.4 0.27 0.06 0.20 0.20 0.017 |
0.93 2.9 |
0.58 0.12 0.03 26 26 2.2 |
120 1.2 |
|
| Subtotal | 14 | 1.4 0.28 0.06 0.20 0.19 0.017 |
0.93 2.9 |
0.60 0.12 0.03 27 26 2.3 |
130 1.3 |
|
| Measured | 1.1 | 2.0 0.43 0.05 0.37 0.33 0.026 |
1.5 4.6 |
0.07 0.01 - 3.8 3.5 0.28 |
15 0.15 |
|
| Indicated | 62 | 1.2 0.25 0.06 0.20 0.18 0.018 |
0.87 2.7 |
2.4 0.50 0.11 130 110 11 |
530 5.4 |
|
| All | ||||||
| Inferred | 53 | 1.3 0.26 0.06 0.19 0.19 0.017 |
0.89 2.8 |
2.2 0.45 0.11 100 99 8.8 |
470 4.7 |
|
| Total | 120 | 1.3 0.26 0.06 0.20 0.18 0.017 |
0.88 2.7 |
4.7 0.97 0.22 230 210 20 |
1000 10 |
Note some numerical differences may occur due to rounding to 2 significant figures. This higher-grade component is contained within the reported global Mineral Resource. PdEq oxide (Palladium Equivalent g/t) = Pd (g/t) + 1.27x Au (g/t) NiEq sulphide (Nickel Equivalent %) = Ni (%) + 0.32x Pd(g/t) + 0.21x Pt(g/t) + 0.38x Au(g/t) + 0.83x Cu(%) + 3.00x Co(%) PdEq sulphide (Palladium Equivalent g/t) = Pd (g/t) + 0.67x Pt(g/t) + 1.17 x Au(g/t) + 3.11x Ni(%) + 2.57x Cu(%) + 9.33x Co(%) Underground resources are outside the pit above a 0.40% NiEq cut off grade based on sub-level caving mining method Includes drill holes drilled up to and including 11 December 2022.
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Gonneville Nickel Equivalent Grade-Tonnage Curve in-pit (on NiEq cut-off grade basis)
800 1.8
1.71
1.65
1.59
700 677 1.52 1.6
1.46
646
1.39
592 1.33 1.4
600
1.26
1.18
1.2
500 1.10
500
1.02
0.95 1.0
0.88
400 381
0.80
0.72 0.8
0.65
300
0.58
0.53 0.6
0.50
0.47 0.48 270
189
200
0.4
136
102
100 79
62 0.2
49
40 33 28 24 21 18 16 14 12
0 0.0
0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20
Cut-Off Grade (% NiEq)
Note: Excludes oxide and underground resource domains Mass (Mt) Grade (% NiEq)
Mass above cut-off (Mt) Average grade (% NiEq)
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Figure 3. Gonneville NiEq grade-tonnage curve for pit-constrained sulphide mineralisation on a NiEq cut-off grade basis.
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Figure 4. 3D view (looking ENE) of Gonneville block model (all domains) and Resource pit shell.
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Figure 5. 3D view (looking NE) of Gonneville higher-grade sulphide block model (>0.6% NiEq) and Resource pit shell.
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Figure 6. 3D view (looking NE) of Gonneville sulphide block model and host intrusion.
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Figure 7. 3D view (looking SE) of Gonneville sulphide block model and host intrusion.
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Figure 8. Julimar Complex 3D View (looking NW) – Gonneville Deposit, targets, soil geochemistry over regional magnetics.
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Resource growth potential
Results have been received for an additional five diamond holes at Gonneville drilled beyond the extent of the Resource since the 11[th] of December 2022, when the drilling database was closed for the Mineral Resource update.
These holes continue to confirm mineralisation continues for considerable distance down dip with broad zones of disseminated mineralisation with internal higher-grade zones. Significant intersections include:
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« 193.6m @ 0.8g/t 3E, 0.2% Ni, 0.1% Cu, 0.02% Co (0.6% NiEq) from 403m (HD068), incl:
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« 16m @ 1.3g/t 3E, 0.3% Ni, 0.1% Cu, 0.03% Co (0.9% NiEq) from 512m (~180m step-out).
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« 168.2m @ 1.0g/t 3E, 0.1% Ni, 0.1% Cu, 0.02% Co (0.6% NiEq) from 988m (JD369), incl:
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« 32.5m @ 1.9g/t 3E, 0.2% Ni, 0.2% Cu, 0.02% Co (1.0% NiEq) from 1119.5m (~600m step-out, the deepest mineralisation intersected at Gonneville to date).
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« 123.1m @ 1.0g/t 3E, 0.2% Ni, 0.1% Cu, 0.02% Co (0.6% NiEq) from 547.3m (JD366), incl:
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« 18m @ 1.9g/t 3E, 0.3% Ni, 0.1% Cu, 0.03% Co (1.1% NiEq) from 587m (~130m step-out).
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« 109m @ 1.0g/t 3E, 0.2% Ni, 0.1% Cu, 0.02% Co (0.6% NiEq) from 365m (JD374), incl:
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« 10m @ 2.6g/t 3E, 0.2% Ni, 0.1% Cu, 0.02% Co (1.1% NiEq) from 463m (~60m step-out).
Two holes have been drilled into the Hartog Intrusion, which is interpreted to be the fault-offset continuation of the Julimar Complex going north of the Gonneville Intrusion. The holes were collared ~1.5km to the north-west of the updated Resource. Narrow zones of ultramafic geology have been intersected in these holes, with all assays pending.
The updated Resource for Gonneville is interpreted to cover just ~7% of the >30km long Julimar Complex (Figure 7). 100 drill holes have now been completed along the Hartog-Hooley-Dampier target areas across ~10km of strike length, with several significant results (refer to ASX Announcement on 8 December 2022). Assays remain pending for 42 of these holes.
Forward plan
The Company continues to progress development studies for the Gonneville Deposit in parallel to initial exploration activities across the >30km long Julimar Complex. Given the growing scale of the Resource and in response to continued unsolicited strategic interest in the Project, Chalice intends to commence a formal strategic partnership process.
Chalice anticipates that a strategic partner (or partners) with complementary technical, marketing and financial capability may assist with the development of Gonneville and influence the optimal development strategy to maximise shareholder value. Chalice has been engaging with a range of downstream, trading and end-user parties in relation to a potential minority joint venture partner (or partners) and will now broaden the engagement to include potential mining/operating partners.
The partnering process will explore a broad range of transactions according to Chalice and partner preference, with the ultimate aim of maximising shareholder value. It is expected that the optimal development pathway for the project may be influenced by the nature of the partner, or partners, and transaction(s) and, in light of this, the strategic partnering process will continue in parallel with ongoing development studies.
Development studies for the Julimar Project are advancing, with pre-feasibility level work already commencing on metallurgy and waste management. Given the significant increase in the Resource and ongoing metallurgical testwork assessing geo-metallurgical domains, these will be incorporated into the current studies and the Company will determine an expected completion timing in the next few months.
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The following activities are ongoing or planned at the Project:
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« Exploration drilling at the Hartog-Dampier Targets within the Julimar State Forest – two diamond drill rigs are currently operational and expected to continue for the foreseeable future. Planning is underway for additional exploration drilling within the Hartog-Dampier strike length as well as initial exploration drilling from Baudin to Torres.
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« Resource definition and exploration diamond drilling at the Gonneville Deposit – two rigs are operational, largely focused on wide-spaced extensional/exploration drilling which is expected to continue for an extended period.
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« Metallurgical testwork focusing on grind size-flotation recovery optimisation, oxide and flotation tails leaching options and midstream processing options (to produce a nickel-cobalt MHP). ~50kg of nickel concentrate has been generated for the purposes of ongoing midstream testwork.
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« Additional study work for the initial development stage of the Gonneville Deposit.
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« Baseline surveys of ground water, surface water, flora, fauna and dieback, as part of a long-term baseline and monitoring program to support engineering studies and environmental assessments (ongoing).
Technical overview
The following is a material information summary relating to the Resource, consistent with ASX Listing Rule 5.8.1 requirements. Further details are provided in JORC Code Table 1, which is included as Appendix A.
Geology and geological interpretation
The Gonneville Deposit is the first major PGE-rich orthomagmatic sulphide discovery in Australia. The deposit is hosted within an Archaean age mafic-ultramafic intrusive complex, known as the Julimar Complex, which is interpreted to be >30km long.
Gonneville is located within a ~1.9km x 0.9km x >0.8km section of the Julimar Complex, known as the Gonneville Intrusion, which has a north-north-east strike, maximum thickness of approximately 650m, and 45° west-north-west dip.
The Gonneville Intrusion is composed predominantly of serpentinised olivine peridotite / harzburgite (serpentine-magnetite-amphibole-chromite) with lesser intervals of pyroxenite (amphibole-chlorite), gabbro and leucogabbro (clinozoisite-amphibole) divided into a series of eight litho-geochemical domains (Figure 9). The litho-geochemical domains broadly parallel the strike and dip of the Gonneville Intrusion and are interpreted to represent discrete magma influxes and associated fractionation units. The intrusion is crosscut by a later granite body, which broadly parallels the dip and strike orientation of the mafic-ultramafic package. Crosscutting the entire intrusive package is a series of sub vertical, north-east to north-west striking, dolerite dykes. Both the granite body and dolerite dykes are un-mineralised with respect to Ni-Cu-PGE. A package of meta-sedimentary rocks surrounds the Gonneville intrusion.
Although texturally the intrusive rock-types within the complex are moderately well preserved, permitting the use of igneous terminology, all rock units have been replaced by mineral assemblages characteristic of upper greenschist to lower amphibolite facies metamorphism.
The Gonneville Intrusion is bounded to the west (Hanging wall) by felsic gneiss/metasediment and to the east (Footwall) by a succession comprising metasediments (sulphidic pelite) and amphibolite of uncertain parentage.
Primary Ni-Cu-PGE sulphide mineralisation occurs principally within the ultramafic domains of the Gonneville Intrusion and to a lesser extent in gabbro subunits. Mineralisation is present as sub-parallel sulphide-rich zones (>20% sulphides), typically 5–40 m wide, that occur within broader intervals (~100– 150 m wide) of weakly disseminated sulphides. The orientation of the higher-grade mineralised
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sulphide zones suggests an association with the litho-chronological domains within the intrusion (Figure 10).
There are four typical sulphide ore types recognised at Gonneville:
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« Massive sulphides: >75% (by volume) sulphide,
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« Matrix sulphides: 40% to 75% sulphide; also referred to as net-textured, typically occurs as interconnected pyrrhotite-pentlandite-chalcopyrite mineralisation with silicate gangue,
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« Stringer sulphides: 10% to 75% sulphide. Stringer sulphide mineralisation is typically observed around faults or lithological contacts, and
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« Disseminated sulphides: <40% sulphide. Disseminated sulphide mineralisation occurs as either heavily disseminated chalcopyrite or disseminated/blebby sulphides with 0.5 cm to 1.0 cm diameter sulphide blebs with variable pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and pentlandite contents.
Although the ratio between the primary sulphide phases changes between, and within, the sulphiderich and sulphide-poor zones, sulphide mineralisation consists of a consistent assemblage of pyrrhotite-pentlandite-chalcopyrite +/- pyrite. Sulphide content and metal grade are well correlated, with higher sulphide concentration corresponding to higher metal content.
The weathering profile in the area extends to approximately 30–40 m below surface. A welldeveloped laterite and saprolite profile is present which contains elevated PGE grades from near surface to a depth of approximately 25m. There is a narrow transition zone between the oxide and sulphide zones, which is generally <15m thick.
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Figure 6. Gonneville 3D view (looking NNE) – local geology and resource pit shell.
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Figure 7. Gonneville Plan View – local geology and resource pit outline at depth of ~80m.
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Drilling techniques
The drilling database for the Deposit includes data collected by diamond (DD), reverse circulation (RC) and air-core (AC) drilling techniques. The drilling database has been compiled from holes drilled by the Company between 12 March 2020 and 11 December 2022.
A total of 390 DD holes (including wedges) 639 RC drill holes (including RC pre-collars with DD tails), and 106 shallow AC holes for ~270,000m were included in the resource.
Nominal drill hole spacing at Gonneville is ~40m over the majority of the deposit. The 40m spaced infill drilling has been undertaken to a depth of ~200m. Deeper extensional drilling has been carried out typically on 80m – 160m spacings at irregular intervals throughout the intrusion. The vast majority of DD and RC holes have been drilled towards the east at a dip of -60° and intersections of both the lithological units and mineralised zones approximate true thickness and hence provide representative samples. AC holes have been drilled vertically which is the optimal sampling orientation for the sub-horizontal oxide mineralisation.
A total of 15 DD holes (including wedges) have been completed subsequent to the holes included in the Resource. A total of ~280,000m of RC and diamond drilling has been drilled to date at the project including exploration holes.
Sampling and sub-sampling
Diamond drill core was predominantly HQ diameter with a small number of NQ2 diameter holes drilled. Quarter core samples for HQ and half core samples for NQ were taken for analysis over intervals ranging from 0.2m to 1.2m (typically 1.0m) based on geology, with the same quarter of the drill core consistently sampled. Field duplicates were collected as ¼ core samples. Individual recoveries of diamond core samples were recorded on a quantitative basis. Generally sample weights were comparable, and any bias is considered negligible. Core recovery was excellent, generally >95%.
RC drilling samples were collected as 1m samples from a rig mounted cone splitter. Two 1m assay samples were collected with one sample being sent to the laboratory and the other either kept for reference or used as a duplicate.
AC drilling samples were collected as 1m samples from a rig mounted cone splitter. A single 1m assay sample was collected and sent to the laboratory. The remainder of the sample was bagged and either kept for reference or used as a duplicate.
Samples were collected in polyweave bags either at the drill rig (RC and AC samples) or at the core cutting facility (DD samples). The polyweave bags contain five samples each and are cable tied; samples potentially containing fibrous minerals were segregated into separate bags.
Filled bags were collected into palletised bulka bags at the field office and delivered directly from site to ALS laboratories in Wangara, Perth by a Chalice contractor several times weekly. Cer ti fied Reference Materials (CRMs) and blank material were inserted in the sample stream to monitor analy ti cal bias and carry-over contamina ti on, respec ti vely. No unresolved issues were identified through this monitoring.
Sampling analysis and methods
DD, RC and AC samples underwent sample preparation and geochemical analysis by ALS Perth. AuPt-Pd was analysed by 50g fire assay fusion with an ICP-AES finish (ALS Method code PGM-ICP24). A 48-element suite was analysed by ICP-MS following a four-acid digest (ALS method code ME-MS61) for holes up to and including JD023 and JRC122.
Later holes were analysed using four-acid digest for 34 elements (ALS method code ME-ICP61) including Ag, Al, As, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Sc, Sr, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, W, Zn, Zr. Additional analysis was performed on higher grade material as required for
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elements reporting out of range for Ni, Cr, Cu (ALS method code ME-OG-62) and Pd, Pt (ALS method code PGM-ICP27).
Selected samples were sent to Intertek Genalysis for analysis of other PGEs (Ru, Rh, Os, Ir). These were analysed using nickel sulphide collection fire assay with a 1ppb detection limit (IntertekGenalysis method code NS25/MS). Results for these are all routinely low with maximum values of 75ppb, 333ppb, 21ppb, 92ppb respectively and hence Gonneville contains no appreciable quantities of these metals.
Certified reference materials (CRMs), duplicates and blanks were inserted at rates of approximately 1:10 for all samples. Samples from ~5% of the samples >0.1g/t Pd were sent to Intertek Genalysis laboratory in Perth for cross laboratory checks. All QA/QC samples display results within acceptable levels of accuracy and no significant carry over contamination was observed.
Sample density determinations were carried out on site using the water displacement method. Incompetent oxide core samples from the weathering profile were wax-coated prior to density determination. Density determinations were carried out on all fresh rock core samples, and representative oxide samples resulting in ~80% of total drilled diamond core intervals having had density determinations completed. These were then used to assign a bulk density to the block model using a combination of assignment by geological domain, and spatial estimation from sample density determinations from de-surveyed drill holes.
Local Grid Transformation
This Resource update is estimated in a local grid with strike of the high-grade G zones approximately parallel to local grid north. The local grid is a 40 ⁰ anti-clockwise rotation to MGA94 grid north (ie local grid north is 320º in MGA94) and 1000m has been added to the RL.
Resource estimation methodology
All geological wireframe interpretations used in the Resource were constructed by Chalice using a combination of Leapfrog and Micromine software. Geological wireframes provided by Chalice include weathering, lithological, litho-geochemical and supergene/dispersion zone interpretations. Block modelling and grade estimation was carried out by Cube Consulting using Surpac and Isatis software.
Statistical analysis was carried out by Cube Consulting using Geoaccess Professional and Isatis software. Prior to estimation, variables with below detection limit assays were assigned a positive value equal to half of the detection limit for the relevant grade variable. Intentionally unsampled intervals were retained as absent grade values. The vast majority of the intentionally unsampled intervals occur outside of the host intrusion lithology, and therefore have no bearing on the grade estimates.
Absent density values have largely been retained as absent values, as density determinations were not taken for these intervals. However, it was deemed possible to fill in unsampled density values in the high-grade, sulphide-rich “G Zones” based on a multi-linear regression of sampled density values against the well-correlated and more widely informed Co, Ni and S variables.
All wireframes and drill data were rotated 40 ° anti-clockwise and placed in a local grid for estimation and mining studies. This brings the average strike of the mineralisation approximately in line with the local north-south axis.
All drillhole samples were flagged according to the geological domain interpretations provided by Chalice. Sample populations were statistically analysed to derive geostatistical domain groupings for Pd, Pt, Ni, Co, Cu, Au, As, S, Mg, Cr and density. Statistical analysis included comparison of global grade distributions, derivation of statistical correlations between grade variables and contact analysis of grade variables across the various geological domains. From this analysis, estimation domains were determined for Pd/Pt/Ni/Co/ Au, Cu, As, S, Mg, Cr and density variable groupings.
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For primary Pd, Pt, Ni, Co, Cu, Au mineralisation located within the Ultramafic intrusion, grade interpolation was undertaken using Ordinary Kriging (OK) within high sulphide/high Pd zones (G Zones) and the surrounding lower-grade general Ultramafic zone. The latter was divided into a lowto-moderate grade “Main” sub-domain and very low-grade northwest sub-domain for Pd, Pt, Ni, Co and Au.
In addition, a separate Southeastern domain was defined in the southeast of the deposit, where the G Zones are compressed together and display a complex morphology – within this domain, the low grade Ultramafic and G Zone volumes were not distinguished and were thus estimated as a single package. The general Ultramafic zone was split into low and high grade subdomains using an economic composite in Leapfrog for Cu, based on a 0.03% Cu cut-off grade. The Cu cut-off was based on a prominent inflexion in the Cu grade histogram.
The OK interpolations for the economically material Pd, Ni and Cu variables were subsequently postprocessed to derive a Localised Uniform Conditioning (LUC) final grade estimate in the Ultramafic volume outside of the higher-grade mineralised G Zones. OK estimates for the granite, gabbro and sediment lithologies were also undertaken, but using restrictive high-grade distance limiting parameters to curtail the propagation of rare high-grade samples. These high-grade samples are believed to be due to re-mobilisation of mineralisation in the case of the surrounding sediments and granite. The mineralisation modelled outside of the Ultramafic envelope has not been classified as a Mineral Resource for reporting purposes.
For the secondary mineralisation, most notably in the supergene horizon, grade interpolation was undertaken using OK.
Indicator kriging was used to model the geometry of dyke material that was logged in the drill holes, typically represented by short and discontinuous intercepts, but which fell outside of the dyke Leapfrog wireframes. This additional dyke volume comprises approximately 2% of the total volume within the estimated Ultramafic intrusion envelope. Detection limit grades were assigned for all elemental variables and density was assigned based on density sample statistics within the dolerite dykes.
OK estimates were run into 10mE x 20mN x 10mRL (local grid) parent blocks, which is approximately half the width of the nominal 40m infill drill spacing in the northing direction. Because of the northsouth strike in local space, the nominally 60 ° easterly inclined drill holes, 1m downhole sample spacing and generally continuous nature of the variograms models for the economic elements, the local easting and RL block dimensions were set at a smaller 10m spacing. LUC estimates, where undertaken, were progressed to smaller 5mE x 10mN x 5mRL (local grid) blocks.
A variable variogram and search ellipse orientation strategy was implemented using Isatis’ Dynamic Anisotropy (DA) functionality during grade interpolation to honour the local undulations in the mineralisation orientation. The hangingwall and footwall surfaces for the G Zones were used to define the DA within the envelope of the Ultramafic intrusion in the primary zone as they mirror the general shape of the litho-chronological zones identified in the Ultramafic intrusion. In the secondary zone, including the Supergene unit, the topographic, bottom of complete oxidation and top of fresh surfaces were used for DA.
Once estimation domains for grade interpolation were defined, composited drill hole sample populations were statistically analysed to derive grade capping values. Grade capping was observed to have an immaterial impact on global grades. Boundary/contact analysis showed that the G Zones have hard boundaries with respect to the surrounding, lower-grade general Ultramafic zone and so hard grade boundaries were applied to this contact for grade interpolation. A general ultramafic Main-NW sub-domain estimation boundary was also defined for Pd, Pt, Ni, Co and Au and S interpolation, based on a large change in the grade distribution, and was treated as soft during interpolation, although different capping, variogram and search parameters were implemented either side of this boundary. The Southeastern domain was estimated using a one-way soft boundary,
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whereby the volume inside the Southeastern domain was allowed to see the surrounding Ultramafic and G Zone samples, but the Southeastern domain samples were masked during the estimation of blocks outside this domain. The low and high grade Cu domains were estimated independently, using a hard boundary, based on the results of boundary analysis.
Search strategy for primary mineralisation Pd, Pt, Ni, Co, Cu, Au, S, Mg and Cr (within Ultramafic unit and high grade Pd/sulphide zones): A minimum of 6 and maximum of 16 to 20 samples per estimate into a parent block size of 10 mE x 20 mN x 10 mRL (local grid). The maximum limit was allowed to be exceeded in cases where samples are situated within any given block, since the condition was set whereby the OK would by default use all samples within the block. The maximum number of samples per drillhole was limited by using anisotropic distances for sample selection in combination with a maximum of 4 to 5 samples per search ellipse quadrant. A single search pass was used. Block discretisation scheme was 5pts(E) x 5pts(N) x 2pts(RL). LUC post-processing of Pd, Ni and Cu was into a Selective Mining Unit (SMU) block size of 5mE x 10mN x 5mRL (local grid).
Search strategy for secondary mineralisation Pd, Pt, Ni, Co, Cu, Au, S, Mg and Cr (within the Ultramafic, G Zones and Supergene unit): A minimum of 3 to 6 and maximum of 12 to 16 samples per estimate into a parent block size of 10mE x 20mN x 10mRL (local grid). The maximum limit was allowed to be exceeded in cases where samples are situated within any given block, since the condition was set whereby the OK would by default use all samples within the block. The maximum number of samples per drillhole was limited by using anisotropic distances for sample selection in combination with a maximum of 4 to 5 samples per search ellipse quadrant. A single search pass was used. The block discretisation scheme was 5pts(E) x 5pts(N) x 2pts(RL).
For Pd, Pt, Ni, Co, Cu, Au, S, Mg and Cr, un-estimated blocks have been assigned grades equal to the mean estimated block grade per estimation domain within the Ultramafic and high Pd/sulphide zones. Outside of the Ultramafic envelope, un-estimated blocks were assigned half detection limit for each grade variable, except for Mg and Cr, which were populated with grades from interpolated domain analogues. None of the non-ultramafic blocks, whether interpolated or assigned, have been classified as Mineral Resource.
Density was modelled using OK within the transitional + fresh portion of the Ultramafic intrusion, granite, gabbro, dyke and sediment lithologies. Constant density assignments were made in the oxide zone, where the paucity of data did not justify using geostatistical interpolation. For unestimated blocks, default density values were assigned based on applicable sample statistics.
As a final step, Pd, Pt, Ni, Co, Cu, Au, S and density were re-interpolated into a small subset of the block model, defined around a tight 10mE x 10mN drill pattern undertaken by Chalice over the last year over the near-surface portions of the G1 and G2 G Zones. This subset interpolation was undertaken using OK directly into 5mE x 10mN x 5mRL blocks and was stamped over the preceding OK/LUC estimates in this relatively small volume. The tighter drill spacing justifies the direct interpolation into the smaller SMU sized block, and also circumvents the problem of spreading metal too far if using 10mE x 20mE x 10mRL “panel” sized blocks.
Final block values for Pd, Pt, Ni, Co, Cu, Au, S, Mg, Cr and density were validated by way of visual review of plans and cross sections (block model and drill samples presented with same colour legend), swath plots, and comparison of estimation domain mean grades with the input grade distribution data. Simple Inverse Distance Squared (ID[2] ) check estimates were also run for Pd, Ni and Cu within the Supergene, Ultramafic and G Zone domains, which account for the overwhelming majority of the economic value in the Gonneville deposit. The ID[2] check estimates were comparable to the main OK/LUC estimates.
Classification criteria
The Resource has been classified following due consideration of all criteria contained in Section 1, Section 2 and Section 3 of JORC Code 2012 Table 1. The Resource has been classified as either Measured, Indicated or Inferred based on data quality, sample spacing, mineralisation continuity,
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confidence in the geological interpretations, quality of the grade estimations and metallurgical processing knowledge.
Primary mineralisation within the host Ultramafic intrusion has been classified as a combination of Measured, Indicated and Inferred. Measured, Indicated and Inferred wireframe volumes were developed from sectional interpretation strings, and model cells then coded with Resource Classification codes directly from the wireframe volumes.
All fresh and transitional material within the Ultramafic intrusion excluding the mostly barren dolerite, and informed by a reasonably consistent drill spacing of 80m has been classified as Inferred, except around the periphery of the drilling pattern, where extrapolation results in lower quality estimates and Pd grade variography has informed a decision to limit the extrapolation of the Inferred material to approximately 50m beyond the last drill hole.
The 80m drill spacing corresponds to the nominal exploration drill hole spacing used for the deposit.
An 80m drill spacing is considered by the Competent Persons as being sufficient to imply, but not verify, geological and grade continuity for the deposit style.
The Supergene unit and all fresh and transitional material within the Ultramafic intrusion, excluding the mostly barren granite, and dolerite dyke units, informed by a consistent drill spacing of 40m has been classified as Indicated. The selection of a 40m drill spacing distance for Indicated was based on:
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« Results from a simulation-based drill hole spacing study carried out for the deposit indicating that the resource definition drill-out be conducted on a 40m x 40m drill spacing.
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« Variogram ranges of the main economic grade variable, Pd, indicating that grade continuity is on the order of hundreds of metres in the general ultramafic zone and approximately 40m to 50m within the high Pd/sulphide zones.
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« Estimation quality metrics, such as slope of regression and average distance to sample were considered during the classification process.
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« At the time of the previous July 2022 model, the volume now drilled at a 10m spacing had only been drilled out at a 40m drill spacing. When comparing the much higher confidence updated estimates in this tightly drilled volume with those based on the 40m drilling from July 2022, a change in both tonnage and total NiEq metal of less than 10% is observed. This lends support to the decision to rate 40m drilled areas as Indicated.
A 40m drill spacing is considered by the Competent Persons as being sufficient to allow estimation of the deposit physical characteristics with sufficient confidence to allow the application of Modifying Factors in sufficient detail to support mine planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit.
All fresh and transitional material within the Ultramafic intrusion, excluding the mostly barren granite, and dolerite dyke units, informed by a consistent drill spacing of 10m has been classified as Measured. The selection of a 10m drill spacing distance for Indicated was based on:
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« Variogram ranges of the main economic grade variable, Pd, indicating that grade continuity does not exceed 40m to 50m within the high Pd/sulphide zones and are on the order of hundreds of metres in the general Ultramafic zones.
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« Estimation quality metrics, such as slope of regression and average distance to sample were considered during the classification process.
A 10m drill spacing is considered by the Competent Persons as being sufficient to allow estimation of the deposit physical characteristics with sufficient confidence to allow the application of Modifying Factors in sufficient detail to support mine planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit.
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All non-ultramafic material (country rock and dykes) has not been classified and the Supergene unit has been considered ineligible to rise to level of the Measured category of confidence due to metallurgical uncertainty.
Reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction
The Resource is considered to have reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction (RPEEE) on the following basis:
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« The Deposit is located in a favourable mining jurisdiction, with no known impediments to land access and tenure status;
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« The volume, orientation and grade of the Mineral Resource is amenable to mining extraction via traditional open pit mining methodologies;
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« Current geo-metallurgical recovery vs grade formulae based on available metallurgical test work and nominal metal concentrate offtake payment terms were used in a Whittle pit optimisation to generate the Resource pit shell.
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« Fresh sulphide mineralisation outside the pit is reported at a higher cut-off grade which takes into account higher mining costs associated with bulk underground mining methods. The cut-off grade used to constrain mineralisation outside the pit is comparable to that used for Mineral Resources at similar bulk underground operations in Australia.
Cut-off grades
A cut-off grade of 0.9g/t Pd has been used for all oxide material.
The cut-off grade for transitional and sulphide material was selected using nickel equivalent (NiEq) to take into account the contribution of multiple potentially payable metals. Metal equivalent formulae are discussed in more detail below.
A cut-off grade of 0.35% NiEq was selected for transitional and fresh mineralisation in-pit, as this is close to the approximate marginal economic cut-off grade estimated by the Whittle shell optimisation.
The grade-tonnage plots generated for all sulphide material (Indicated and Inferred) within the optimised pit shell (Figure 3 and Figure 4) were then used to select a suitable higher cut-off grade of 0.60% NiEq for the ‘higher-grade sulphide component’ (Table 2).
Fresh sulphide mineralisation outside the pit shell has been reported above a cut-off grade of 0.40% NiEq. The cut-off grade was derived by taking into account the higher mining costs of a bulk underground mining method (sub level caving) compared with open pit mining costs. No transitional or oxide mineralisation outside the pit shell was included in the Mineral Resource.
Mining and metallurgical methods and parameters
Leaching test work on oxide material using a variety of lixiviants has shown similar levels of leach extraction of palladium for each, typically 70% to 80%. Work is ongoing to optimise reagent consumption and to assess methods for recovery of the palladium from solution.
Processing options for sulphide mineralisation include the generation of separate copper and nickel concentrates, each containing PGEs and suitable for potential sale to smelters, together with local enrichment of lower grade nickel concentrates to produce higher grade intermediate products for potential sale to battery producers.
Comminution and flotation testwork, together with geometallurgical characterisation, has been completed or is ongoing on 25 sulphide composite samples from several geological domains (including higher-grade and lower-grade samples). It should be cautioned though that variability testwork is continuing in order to generate representative geometallurgical algorithms for all domains.
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Data from this work has been used to inform metallurgical recovery assumptions for the Resource. Recoveries for each major element vary with grade and define a recovery algorithm. This algorithm has been used to define a metallurgical recovery value for each element in each resource block based on the grade. The range of recoveries and average predicted recoveries for each metal using a concentrate enrichment flowsheet are provided in Table 3. Recoveries are based on the weighted averaged metal recoveries generated by the whittle optimisation.
The flotation data is based on locked cycle flotation tests whilst the recoveries from enrichment are based on indicative testing on a Julimar concentrate sample and published data for similar approaches.
Table 3. Metallurgical recoveries – sulphide domain, concentrate enrichment flowsheet (copperPGE concentrate and nickel-cobalt MHP) – rounded to nearest 5%.
| Metal | Metallurgical recovery | >0.35% NiEq cut-off | |
|---|---|---|---|
| range (%) | |||
| Avg open-pit sulphide | Weighted average | ||
| Resource grade | metallurgical recovery (%) | ||
| Palladium | 45% to 90% | 0.69g/t | 60% |
| Platinum | 45% to 90% | 0.15g/t | 60% |
| Gold | 30% to 90% | 0.026g/t | 70% |
| Nickel | 40% to 80% | 0.16% | 45% |
| Copper | 75% to 95% | 0.09% | 85% |
| Cobalt1 | 40% to 80% | 0.015% | 45% |
1 Cobalt is associated with nickel and hence recoveries reflect the nickel grade
Recoveries are robust at higher grades and good quality copper and nickel concentrates can be produced.
Copper and PGE recoveries are more variable but still robust at lower grades, however more work is required to optimise flotation recovery of nickel and cobalt (and corresponding PGEs which report to the nickel concentrate) at lower grades. This is likely to entail some form of concentrate enrichment to produce higher grade intermediates in order to maximise recovery, a flowsheet which is currently being investigated. Other investigations underway include:
-
« Production of bulk concentrates at lower grades; and
-
« Leaching of flotation tailings to improve PGE recoveries.
Recovery algorithms will continue to be updated using geometallurgical approaches to refine understanding and definition of variability.
Independent review and audit
No independent audit has been completed on the Resource, however, the results of this Resource are consistent with the previous to Resource estimates (refer to ASX releases dated 9 November 2021 and 8 July 2022) when taking into account the extra drilling, change in input assumptions and differing estimation methodologies (previously Categorical Indicator Kriging).
Chalice also engaged Mark Noppé, Corporate Consultant with SRK Consulting and an expert in resource estimation, to complete an assurance review of Chalice and CSA Global procedures, as well as the mineral resource estimation process for the July 2022 estimate. This did not identify any material issues with the Cube Consulting estimation process.
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Metal equivalents
The Gonneville Resource is quoted in both nickel equivalent (NiEq) and palladium equivalent (PdEq) terms to take into account the contribution of multiple potentially payable metals. The cut-off grade for the sulphide domain was determined using NiEq in preference over PdEq, due to the assumed requirement for sulphide flotation to recover the metals.
PdEq is quoted given the relative importance of palladium by value at the assumed prices. Separate metal equivalent calculations are used for the oxide and transitional/sulphide zones to take into account the differing metallurgical recoveries in each zone.
Oxide Domain
Initial metallurgical testwork indicates that only palladium and gold are likely to be recovered in the oxide domain, therefore no NiEq grade has been quoted for the oxide. The PdEq grade for the oxide has been calculated using the formula:
PdEq oxide (g/t) = Pd (g/t) + 1.27 x Au (g/t).
-
« Metal recoveries based on limited metallurgical test work completed to date:
-
« Pd – 75%, Au – 90%.
-
« Metal prices used are consistent with those used in the pit optimisation:
-
« US$1,800/oz Pd, US$1,800/oz Au
Transitional and Fresh Sulphide Domains
Based on metallurgical testwork completed to date for the sulphide domain, it is the Company’s opinion that all the quoted elements included in metal equivalent calculations (palladium, platinum, gold, nickel, copper and cobalt) have a reasonable potential of being recovered and sold.
Only limited samples have been collected from the transitional zone due to its relatively small volume. Therefore, the metallurgical recovery of all metals in this domain are unknown. However, given the relatively small proportion of the transition zone in the Mineral Resource, the impact on the metal equivalent calculation is not considered to be material.
Metal equivalents for the transitional and sulphide domains are calculated according to the formula below:
-
« NiEq%= Ni (%) + 0.32x Pd(g/t) + 0.21x Pt(g/t) + 0.38x Au(g/t) + 0.83x Cu(%) + 3.00x Co(%);
-
« PdEq(g/t) = Pd (g/t) + 0.67x Pt(g/t) + 1.17x Au(g/t) + 3.11x Ni(%) + 2.57x Cu(%) + 9.33x Co(%)
Metal recoveries used in the metal equivalent calculations are based on rounded average Resource grades for the sulphide domain (>0.35% NiEq cut-off):
- « Pd – 60%, Pt – 60%, Au – 70%, Ni – 45%, Cu – 85%, Co – 45%.
Metal prices used are consistent with those used in the Whittle pit optimisation (based on long term consensus analyst estimates):
- « US$1,800/oz Pd, US$1,200/oz Pt, US$1,800/oz Au, US$24,000/t Ni, US$10,500/t Cu and US$72,000/t Co.
27 Chalice Mining Limited
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Investor Teleconference and Webcast
For more information on this announcement, Chalice Managing Director and CEO, Alex Dorsch, will host a live investor teleconference and webcast at 9.00am (AWST) / 12.00pm (AEDT), Tuesday 28 March 2023.
Webcast
Shareholders and investors who wish to listen to the live webcast and synchronised slide presentation can join via the link below:
https://kapara.rdbk.com.au/landers/bf2a7c.html
Participants in the webcast can ask questions via the “Ask a Question” function.
Teleconference
Brokers, fund managers, analysts and representatives of the media who wish to participate in the Teleconference, including the opportunity to ask questions over the phone, can do so via the following link:
https://s1.c-conf.com/diamondpass/10029815-fh38r5.html
Authorised for release by the Board.
For further information or to view the interactive 3D model of the Julimar Project, please visit www.chalicemining.com, or contact:
Corporate Enquiries
Alex Dorsch Managing Director & CEO Chalice Mining Limited +61 8 9322 3960 [email protected]
Media Enquiries
Follow our communications
Nicholas Read LinkedIn: chalice-mining Principal and Managing Director Twitter: @chalicemining Read Corporate Investor Relations +61 8 9388 1474 [email protected]
28 Chalice Mining Limited
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Competent Person Statements
The information in this announcement that relates to new Exploration Results in relation to the Julimar Nickel-Copper-PGE Project is based on and fairly represents information and supporting documentation compiled by Mr. Bruce Kendall BSc (Hons), a Competent Person, who is a Member of the Australian Institute of Geoscientists. Mr. Kendall is a full-time employee of the Company, is entitled to participate in Chalice’s Employee Securities Incentive Plan and his associate holds securities in Chalice. Mr Kendall has sufficient experience that is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and activity being undertaken to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 edition of the Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Minerals Resources and Ore Reserves. Mr Kendall consents to the inclusion in this announcement of the matters based on his information in the form and context in which it appears.
The information in this announcement that relates to previously reportd exploration results for the Julimar Nickel-Copper-PGE Project is extracted from the following ASX announcements:
“High-Grade Ni-Cu-Pd Sulphide Intersected at Julimar”, 23 March 2020;
“Updated Gonneville Mineral Resource”, 8 July 2022;
“Major Northern Extension of Gonneville Intrusion Confirmed”, 19 October 2022;
“Outstanding Wide High-Grade Intersections Nth of Gonneville”, 23 November 2022;
“Promising New Sulphide Mineralisation at the Hooley Prospect”, 8 December 2022, and
“Julimar Flowsheet Development and Scoping Study Update” 13 December 2022.
The above announcements are available to view on the Company’s website at www.chalicemining.com. The Company confirms that it is not aware of any new information or data that materially affects the exploration results included in the relevant original market announcements. The Company confirms that the form and context in which the Competent Person’s findings are presented have not been materially modified from the relevant original market announcements.
The information in this announcement that relates to Mineral Resources in relation to the Julimar Nickel-Copper-PGE Project is based on and fairly represents information and supporting documentation compiled by Mike Millad and Mike Job.
Mr Millad is a full-time employee and director of Cube Consulting and is a member in good standing of the Australian Institute of Geoscientists (#5799). Mr Millad does not hold securities in Chalice. Mr Millad has sufficient experience that is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and the activity being undertaken to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 edition of the Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Minerals Resources and Ore Reserves. Mr Millad consents to the inclusion in the announcement of the matters based on his information in the form and context in which it appears.
Mr Job is a full-time employee and director of Cube Consulting and is a Fellow in good standing of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (#201978). Mr Job does not hold securities in Chalice. Mr Job has sufficient experience that is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and the activity being undertaken to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 edition of the Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Minerals Resources and Ore Reserves. Mr Job consents to the inclusion in the announcement of the matters based on his information in the form and context in which it appears.
Forward Looking Statements
This announcement may contain forward-looking statements and forward information, including forward looking statements within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (collectively, forward-looking statements). These forward-looking statements are
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made as of the date of this announcement and Chalice Mining Limited (the Company) does not intend, and does not assume any obligation, to update these forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements relate to future events or future performance and reflect Company management’s expectations or beliefs regarding future events and include, but are not limited to: the impact of the discovery on the Julimar Project’s capital payback; the Company’s planned strategy and corporate objectives; the realisation of Mineral Resource estimates; the likelihood of further exploration success; the timing of planned exploration and study activities on the Company’s projects; mineral processing strategy; access to sites for planned drilling activities; and the success of future potential mining operations and the timing of the receipt of exploration results.
In certain cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as, “aim”, “considered”, “could”, “estimate”, “expected”, “for”, “forward”, “future”, “indicates”, “initial”, “intends”, “is”, “likely”, “may”, “open”, “opportunity”, “optionality”, “plan” or “planned”, “points”, “potential”, “promising”, “prospects”, “shown”, “strategy”, “will” or variations of such words and phrases or statements that certain actions, events or results may, could, would, might or will be taken, occur or be achieved or the negative of these terms or comparable terminology. By their very nature forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the Company to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forwardlooking statements.
Such factors may include, among others, risks related to actual results of current or planned exploration activities; whether geophysical and geochemical anomalies are related to economic mineralisation or some other feature; whether visually identified mineralisation is confirmed by laboratory assays; obtaining appropriate approvals to undertake exploration activities; metal grades being realised; metallurgical recovery rates being realised; results of planned metallurgical test work including results from other zones not tested yet, scaling up to commercial operations; changes in project parameters as plans continue to be refined; changes in exploration programs and budgets based upon the results of exploration, changes in commodity prices; economic conditions; political and social risks, accidents, labour disputes and other risks of the mining industry; delays or difficulty in obtaining governmental approvals, necessary licences, permits or financing to undertake future mining development activities; changes to the regulatory framework within which Chalice operates or may in the future; movements in the share price of investments and the timing and proceeds realised on future disposals of investments, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as those factors detailed from time to time in the Company’s interim and annual financial statements, all of which are filed and available for review on the ASX at asx.com.au and OTC Markets at otcmarkets.com.
Although the Company has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual actions, events or results to differ materially from those described in forward-looking statements, there may be other factors that cause actions, events or results not to be as anticipated, estimated or intended. There can be no assurance that forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements.
Mineral Resources Reporting Requirements
As an Australian Company with securities listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX), Chalice is subject to Australian disclosure requirements and standards, including the requirements of the Corporations Act 2001 and the ASX listing rules. It is a requirement of the ASX listing rules that the reporting of exploration results and mineral resources estimates are in accordance with the 2012 edition of the Australasian Code for Reporting of exploration Results, Minerals Resources and Ore Reserves (“JORC Code”).
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The requirements of JORC Code differ in certain material respects from the disclosure requirements of United States securities laws and other reporting regimes. There is no assurance that the Company’s mineral resource estimates and related disclosures prepared under the JORC Code would be the same as those prepared under United States securities law and other reporting regimes. The terms used in this announcement are as defined in the JORC Code. The definitions of these terms differ from the definitions of such terms for purposes of the disclosure requirements in the United States and other reporting regimes.
Mineral Resource Estimates that are not Ore Reserves do not have demonstrated technical feasibility and economic viability. Due to lower certainty, the inclusion of Mineral Resource Estimates should not be regarded as a representation by Chalice that such amounts can be economically exploited, and investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance upon such figures. No assurances can be given that the estimates of Mineral Resources presented in this announcement will be recovered at the tonnages and grades presented, or at all.
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Table 4. Significant new drill intersections (Oxide: >0.5g/t Pd, >0.9g/t Pd. Sulphide: >0.3% NiEq, >0.6% NiEq) – Julimar Project.
| Hole ID From (m) To (m) Interval (m) Pd (g/t) Pt (g/t) Au (g/t) Ni (%) Cu (%) Co (%) Ni Eq (%) |
|
|---|---|
| Type | |
| HD068 266.0 268.6 2.6 0.47 0.06 0.06 0.14 0.31 0.02 0.63 Extension |
|
| HD068 403.0 596.6 193.6 0.68 0.15 <0.01 0.17 0.09 0.02 0.56 Extension |
|
| Incl 448.0 455.0 7.0 0.91 0.19 0.01 0.15 0.09 0.02 0.62 Extension |
|
| and 462.0 465.0 3.0 0.63 0.17 <0.01 0.17 0.43 0.02 0.81 Extension |
|
| and 476.0 480.0 4.0 0.68 0.11 <0.01 0.20 0.46 0.02 0.88 Extension |
|
| and 491.0 500.0 9.0 1.04 0.21 <0.01 0.24 0.14 0.02 0.82 Extension |
|
| and 512.0 528.0 16.0 1.09 0.22 <0.01 0.32 0.14 0.03 0.94 Extension |
|
| and 566.0 569.0 3.0 1.00 0.22 <0.01 0.20 0.03 0.02 0.66 Extension |
|
| and 575.0 590.0 15.0 0.95 0.21 0.01 0.17 0.11 0.02 0.68 Extension |
|
| and 593.0 596.6 3.6 1.17 0.26 0.01 0.21 0.06 0.02 0.76 Extension |
|
| HD068 614.0 616.9 2.9 0.93 0.19 0.01 0.12 0.01 0.01 0.52 Extension |
|
| HD068 637.0 653.2 16.2 0.68 0.14 0.01 0.14 0.09 0.01 0.53 Extension |
|
| Incl 638.0 643.0 5.0 0.78 0.15 0.02 0.15 0.19 0.01 0.64 Extension |
|
| HD068 673.0 742.9 69.9 0.55 0.12 0.01 0.15 0.06 0.02 0.46 Extension |
|
| Incl 685.0 690.0 5.0 0.80 0.18 0.01 0.18 0.07 0.02 0.60 Extension |
|
| and 695.0 700.0 5.0 0.77 0.19 0.01 0.19 0.11 0.02 0.66 Extension |
|
| and 715.2 717.5 2.3 0.66 0.14 <0.01 0.19 0.15 0.02 0.63 Extension |
|
| HD068 777.1 780.3 3.2 0.69 0.15 0.01 0.15 <0.01 0.01 0.45 Extension |
|
| JD366 135.9 139.0 3.1 0.96 0.33 0.04 0.12 0.42 0.01 0.90 Infill |
|
| JD366 269.0 285.0 16.0 0.30 0.07 0.07 0.12 0.08 0.01 0.37 Infill |
|
| JD366 291.0 331.8 40.8 0.48 0.11 0.02 0.12 0.12 0.01 0.46 Infill |
|
| JD366 369.2 376.0 6.8 0.45 0.12 0.02 0.10 0.09 0.01 0.40 Extension |
|
| JD366 380.8 391.0 10.2 0.57 0.13 0.01 0.11 0.07 0.01 0.43 Extension |
|
| JD366 439.0 536.2 97.2 0.54 0.11 0.00 0.16 0.05 0.02 0.45 Extension |
|
| Incl 441.0 445.0 4.0 0.98 0.23 0.00 0.19 0.03 0.02 0.65 Extension |
|
| and 505.0 509.0 4.0 1.49 0.22 0.00 0.19 0.08 0.02 0.87 Extension |
|
| and 519.0 527.0 8.0 0.74 0.14 0.00 0.17 0.15 0.02 0.62 Extension |
|
| JD366 547.3 670.4 123.1 0.80 0.21 0.03 0.17 0.11 0.02 0.63 Extension |
|
| Incl 587.0 605.0 18.0 1.27 0.58 0.02 0.33 0.15 0.03 1.09 Extension |
|
| and 619.0 621.0 2.0 0.68 0.13 0.03 0.18 0.18 0.02 0.65 Extension |
|
| and 627.0 636.0 9.0 1.17 0.27 0.07 0.18 0.23 0.02 0.89 Extension |
|
| and 639.0 642.0 3.0 0.66 0.12 0.05 0.19 0.19 0.02 0.65 Extension |
|
| and 648.9 654.0 5.1 2.02 0.54 0.04 0.15 0.13 0.01 1.10 Extension |
|
| and 659.0 670.4 11.4 1.29 0.21 0.11 0.15 0.19 0.02 0.86 Extension |
|
| JD369 565.1 574.9 9.8 0.60 0.17 0.01 0.14 0.14 0.02 0.55 Extension |
|
| Incl 565.1 570.9 5.8 0.89 0.23 0.02 0.22 0.21 0.02 0.81 Extension |
|
| JD369 849.0 892.0 43.0 0.61 0.30 0.03 0.09 0.05 0.01 0.44 Extension |
|
| Incl 855.0 857.8 2.8 0.84 0.30 0.04 0.18 0.17 0.02 0.73 Extension |
|
| and 865.0 871.0 6.0 1.04 0.38 0.04 0.12 0.07 0.01 0.66 Extension |
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| Hole ID From (m) To (m) Interval (m) Pd (g/t) Pt (g/t) Au (g/t) Ni (%) Cu (%) Co (%) Ni Eq (%) |
|
|---|---|
| Type | |
| and 886.0 891.0 5.0 0.98 0.51 0.06 0.11 0.12 0.01 0.71 Extension |
|
| JD369 988.0 1156.2 168.2 0.78 0.19 0.02 0.15 0.11 0.02 0.60 Extension |
|
| Incl 1012.0 1015.0 3.0 1.16 0.25 <0.01 0.17 0.09 0.02 0.75 Extension |
|
| and 1026.0 1040.0 14.0 0.97 0.22 0.03 0.15 0.16 0.01 0.71 Extension |
|
| and 1047.3 1050.0 2.7 0.73 0.13 0.01 0.16 0.28 0.02 0.71 Extension |
|
| and 1075.4 1082.0 6.6 1.16 0.46 0.01 0.17 0.10 0.02 0.81 Extension |
|
| and 1119.5 1152.0 32.5 1.45 0.33 0.08 0.18 0.22 0.02 0.98 Extension |
|
| JD370 258.0 269.0 11.0 0.56 0.62 0.01 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.44 Infill |
|
| JD370 300.0 302.2 2.2 0.73 0.16 0.02 0.11 0.61 0.02 0.94 Infill |
|
| JD370 384.0 410.0 26.0 0.46 0.11 <0.01 0.12 0.08 0.01 0.40 Extension |
|
| Incl 389.0 391.0 2.0 0.61 0.12 0.01 0.20 0.22 0.02 0.67 Extension |
|
| JD370 415.0 422.0 7.0 0.33 0.08 <0.01 0.12 0.04 0.01 0.33 Extension |
|
| JD370 427.0 539.0 112.0 0.65 0.16 0.01 0.14 0.10 0.01 0.52 Extension |
|
| Incl 455.0 459.0 4.0 0.79 0.23 0.01 0.15 0.12 0.02 0.62 Extension |
|
| and 491.0 506.0 15.0 0.98 0.20 0.02 0.24 0.18 0.02 0.83 Extension |
|
| and 508.3 519.0 10.7 0.94 0.17 0.02 0.17 0.11 0.02 0.67 Extension |
|
| and 532.0 534.0 2.0 0.79 0.17 0.01 0.20 0.12 0.02 0.67 Extension |
|
| JD370 558.7 578.0 19.3 1.27 0.28 0.05 0.19 0.10 0.02 0.83 Extension |
|
| Incl 561.1 571.0 9.9 1.80 0.38 0.05 0.24 0.11 0.02 1.09 Extension |
|
| and 575.0 578.0 3.0 0.99 0.24 0.10 0.17 0.19 0.02 0.80 Extension |
|
| JD374 194.0 236.9 42.9 0.58 0.14 0.01 0.13 0.08 0.01 0.47 Extension |
|
| Incl 210.0 218.0 8.0 1.07 0.22 0.02 0.15 0.14 0.02 0.73 Extension |
|
| JD374 323.0 325.0 2.0 1.19 0.51 0.01 0.11 0.06 0.01 0.71 Extension |
|
| JD374 338.0 350.0 12.0 0.56 0.10 <0.01 0.20 0.06 0.02 0.53 Extension |
|
| JD374 365.0 474.0 109.0 0.79 0.19 0.04 0.17 0.10 0.02 0.62 Extension |
|
| Incl 381.0 384.0 3.0 0.85 0.14 0.01 0.19 0.10 0.02 0.65 Extension |
|
| and 389.0 396.0 7.0 0.85 0.17 0.02 0.18 0.11 0.02 0.65 Extension |
|
| and 401.0 406.0 5.0 0.70 0.14 0.01 0.23 0.07 0.02 0.61 Extension |
|
| and 415.0 422.0 7.0 0.71 0.11 0.14 0.19 0.17 0.03 0.71 Extension |
|
| and 430.0 433.0 3.0 1.47 0.49 0.68 0.13 0.10 0.02 1.05 Extension |
|
| and 441.0 448.0 7.0 0.93 0.10 0.01 0.30 0.14 0.03 0.84 Extension |
|
| and 451.0 456.0 5.0 0.80 0.15 0.01 0.23 0.18 0.02 0.74 Extension |
|
| and 463.0 473.0 10.0 1.84 0.75 0.06 0.18 0.11 0.02 1.12 Extension |
Table 5. New drill hole collar, survey data and assaying status – Julimar Project.
| Area | Hole ID | Type | Easting (m) |
Northing (m) |
RL (m) |
Depth (m) |
Survey type |
Azi (°) |
Dip (°) |
Assay status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gonneville | HD068 | DDH | 425045 | 6513751 | 266 | 840.5 | GPS-RTK | 157 | -69 | Reported |
| Gonneville | JD366 | DDH | 424945 | 6513212 | 265 | 710.5 | GPS-RTK | 129 | -61 | Reported |
| Gonneville | JD369 | DDH | 424245 | 6513600 | 265 | 1222.2 | GPS-RTK | 87 | -67 | Reported |
| Gonneville | JD370 | DDH | 425090 | 6513602 | 262 | 661.0 | GPS-RTK | 130 | -66 | Reported |
| Gonneville | JD374 | DDH | 425251 | 6513584 | 257 | 531.4 | GPS | 127 | -59 | Reported |
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Appendix A JORC Table 1
A-1 Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation Commentary |
|---|---|
| Sampling techniques |
Nature and quality of sampling (eg. cut channels, random chips, or specific specialised industry standard measurement tools appropriate to the minerals under investigation, such as down hole gamma sondes, or handheld XRF instruments, etc). These examples should not be taken as limiting the broad meaning of sampling. • HQ diamond core was quarter cored and NQ2 was half cored with samples taken over selective intervals ranging from 0.2m to 1.2m (typically 1.0m). • Reverse Circulation (RC) drilling samples were collected as 1m samples from a rig mounted cone splitter. • Aircore (AC) drilling samples were collected as 1m samples. |
| Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample representivity and the appropriate calibration of any measurement tools or systems used. • Qualitative care taken when sampling diamond drill core to sample the same half of the drill core. • For RC, two 1m assay samples were collected as a split from the rig cyclone using a cone splitter with the same split consistently sent to the laboratory for analysis. • For AC, one 1m assay sample was collected as a split from the rig cyclone using a cone splitter with the same split consistently sent to the laboratory for analysis. |
|
| Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are Material to the Public Report. In cases where ‘industry standard’ work has been done this would be relatively simple (eg. ‘reverse circulation drilling was used to obtain 1 m samples from which 3 kg was pulverised to produce a 30 g charge for fire assay’). In other cases more explanation may be required, such as where there is coarse gold that has inherent sampling problems. Unusual commodities or mineralisation types (eg. submarine nodules) may warrant disclosure of detailed information. • Mineralisation is easily recognised by the presence of sulphides. In diamond core sample intervals were selected on a qualitative assessment of sulphide content |
|
| Drilling techniques |
Drill type (eg. core, reverse circulation, open-hole hammer, rotary air blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and details (eg. core diameter, triple or standard tube, depth of diamond tails, face- sampling bit or other type, whether core is oriented and if so, by what method, etc). • Drilling has been undertaken by diamond, Reverse Circulation (RC) and Aircore (AC) techniques. • Diamond drill core is predominantly HQ size (63.5mm diameter). Limited NQ2 (47.6mm diameter) drilling and PQ (85mm) has also been completed. Triple tube has been used from surface until competent bedrock and then standard tube thereafter. • Core orientation is by an ACT Reflex (ACT III RD) tool • RC Drilling uses a face-sampling hammer drill bit with a diameter of 5.5 inches (140mm). • AC drilling used a bladed 100mm bit and was only used in the oxide |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation Commentary |
|---|---|
| Drill sample recovery |
Method of recording and assessing core and chip sample recoveries and results assessed. • Individual recoveries of diamond drill core samples were assessed quantitively by comparing measured core length with expected core length from drillers mark. Generally core recovery was excellent in fresh rock and approaching 100%. Core recovery in oxide material is often poor due to sample washing out. Core recovery in the oxide zone averages 60% • Individual recoveries for RC composite samples were recorded on a qualitative basis. Sample weights were observed to be slightly lower through transported cover whereas drilling through bedrock yielded samples with more consistent weights. Two separate studies were completed where all the sample was weighed and compared with the expected weight. These indicated that as with the diamond core, sample recovery in the oxide is moderate and good in the fresh rock • Individual recoveries for AC composite samples were recorded on a qualitative basis. Bag weighing was completed on every 5th hole to verify the recovery and provide a basis on which to estimate the sample recovery in other holes. |
| Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and ensure representative nature of the samples. • With diamond drilling triple tube coring in the oxide zone is undertaken to improve sample recovery. This results in better recoveries but recovery is still only moderate to good • Diamond core samples were consistently taken from the same side of the core and RC samples were consistently taken from the same split on the cyclone • AC drilling was focused on sample recovery by using low air pressure. Bag weighing was completed on every 5th hole to verify the recovery |
|
| Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery and grade and whether sample bias may have occurred due to preferential loss/gain of fine/coarse material. • There is no evidence of a sample recovery and grade relationship in unweathered material. • Paired statistical analyses comparing AC, RC and DD samples show that there isn’t a statistically significant difference between these sample types. RC grades are observed to be slightly higher than DD grades, but mostly in the <0.1ppm Pd range, which means that the impact on the resource would be immaterial. All three sample typesweretherefore considered |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation Commentary |
|---|---|
| compatible for use in the grade interpolation. |
|
| Logging | Whether core and chip samples have been geologically and geotechnically logged to a level of detail to support appropriate Mineral Resource estimation, mining studies and metallurgical studies. • All drill holes were logged geologically including, but not limited to; weathering, regolith, lithology, structure, texture, alteration and mineralisation. Logging was at an appropriate quantitative standard for infill drilling and resource estimation. |
| Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. Core (or costean, channel, etc) photography. • Logging is considered qualitative in nature. • Diamond drill core is photographed wet before cutting. |
|
| The total length and percentage of the relevant intersections logged. • All holes were geologically logged in full. |
|
| Sub-sampling techniques and sample preparation |
If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or all core taken. • For fresh rock, diamond core was sawn in half and one-half quartered and sampled over 0.2-1.2m intervals (mostly 1m). In the oxide zone where core could not be reliably cut, diamond core was split with a chisel and the equivalent of quarter core sampled. |
| If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc and whether sampled wet or dry. • RC assay samples were collected as two 1m splits from the rig cyclone via a cone splitter. The cone splitter was horizontal to ensure sample representivity. Wet or damp samples were noted in the sample logging sheet. A majority of samples were dry. • AC assay samples were collected as 1m splits from the rig cyclone via a cone splitter. The cone splitter was horizontal to ensure sample representivity. Wet or damp samples were noted in the sample logging sheet. There was a higher percentage of wet samples than in the RC drilling, but a review of the assay results do not indicate any downhole smearing of samples |
|
| For all sample types, the nature, quality and appropriateness of the sample preparation technique. • Sample preparation is industry standard and comprises oven drying, jaw crushing and pulverising to -75 microns (80% pass). |
|
| Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling stages to maximise representivity of samples. • Field duplicates were collected from AC, RC and diamond drilling at an approximate ratio of one in twenty five. • Diamond drill core field duplicates collected as ¼ core. • RC Field duplicates were collected from selected sulphide zones as a second 1m split directly from the cone splitter. • AC field duplicates were selected randomly from the bulk sample. |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation Commentary |
|---|---|
| Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is representative of the in-situ material collected, including for instance results for field duplicate/second-half sampling. • In the majority of cases the entire hole has been sampled and assayed. • Duplicate sample results were compared with the original sample results and there is no bias observed in the data. |
|
| Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of the material being sampled. • Drill sample sizes are considered appropriate for the style of mineralisation sought and the nature of the drilling program. |
|
| Quality of assay data and laboratory tests |
The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying and laboratory procedures used and whether the technique is considered partial or total. • Diamond drill core, RC and AC samples underwent sample preparation and geochemical analysis by ALS Perth. Au-Pt-Pd was analysed by 50g fire assay fusion with an ICP-AES finish (ALS Method code PGM-ICP24). A 48-element suite was analysed by ICP-MS following a four-acid digest (ALS method code ME-MS61) for holes up to and including JD023 and JRC122. Later holes including all AC holes were analysed using four-acid digest for 34 elements (ALS method code ME-ICP61) including Ag, Al, As, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Sc, Sr, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, W, Zn, Zr. Additional ore-grade analysis was performed as required for elements reporting out of range for Ni, Cr, Cu (ALS method code ME-OG-62) and Pd, Pt (ALS method code PGM- ICP27). • These techniques are considered total digests. |
| For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF instruments, etc, the parameters used in determining the analysis including instrument make and model, reading times, calibrations factors applied and their derivation, etc. • Not applicable as no such tools or instruments were used |
|
| Nature of quality control procedures adopted (eg. standards, blanks, duplicates, external laboratory checks) and whether acceptable levels of accuracy (ie. lack of bias) and precision have been established. • Certified analytical standards, blanks and duplicates were inserted at appropriate intervals for diamond, RC and AC drill samples with an insertion rate of >10%. Approximately 5% of >0.1g/t Pd assays were sent for cross laboratory checks. All QAQC samples display results within acceptable levels of accuracy and precision. |
|
| Verification of sampling and assaying |
The verification of significant intersections by either independent or alternative company personnel. • Significant drill intersections are checked by the Project Geologist and then by the General Manager Exploration. Significant intersections are cross-checked with the logged geology and drill core after final assays are received. |
| The use of twinned holes. • Eight sets of twinned holes (RC versus Diamond)have beendrilledto provide |
37 Chalice Mining Limited
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation Commentary |
|---|---|
| a comparison between grade/thickness variations over a maximum of 5m separation between drill holes. • Palladium assays have been focused on as part of twin hole comparisons for six sets, with no significant grade bias observed. • Two sets of twins have been analysed for Pd, Ni and Cu with no significant grade bias apparent. • Assays correlate well between holes. In detail there is variation for higher grade samples in terms of both location and grade. There is no discernible bias between drill types. |
|
| Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, data verification, data storage (physical and electronic) protocols. • Primary drill data was collected digitally using OCRIS software before being transferred to the master SQL database. • All procedures including data collection, verification, uploading to the database etc are captured in detailed procedures and summarised in a single document. |
|
| Discuss any adjustment to assay data • No adjustments were made to the lab reported assay data. |
|
| Location of data points |
Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes (collar and down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings and other locations used in Mineral Resource estimation. • Diamond, RC and AC drill hole collar locations are initially recorded by Chalice employees using a handheld GPS with a +/- 3m margin of error and then picked up with an RTK-DGPS. • RTK-DGPS collar pick-ups replace handheld GPS collar pick-ups and have +/-20 mm margin of error. • Planned and final hole coordinates are compared after pick up to ensure that the original target has been tested. |
| Specification of the grid system used. • The grid system used for the location of all drill holes is GDA94 - MGA (Zone 50). • The resource model has been estimated in a local grid which has a 40º anti-clockwise rotation with 1,000m added to the RL |
|
| Quality and adequacy of topographic control. • RLs for reported holes were derived from RTK-DGPS pick-ups. |
|
| Data spacing and distribution |
Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results. • Drill hole spacing varies from between 40m x 40 m in the south to 80m x 40m in the north and west. |
| Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient to establish the degree of geological and grade continuity appropriate for the Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and classifications applied. • Results from the drilling to date are considered sufficient to assume geological or grade continuity appropriate for Mineral Resource estimation procedure(s) and classifications. |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation Commentary |
|---|---|
| Whether sample compositing has been applied. • No compositing undertaken for diamond drill core or RC samples. |
|
| Orientation of data in relation to geological structure |
Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased sampling of possible structures and the extent to which this is known, considering the deposit type. • RC and Diamond drill holes were typically oriented within 15° of orthogonal to the interpreted dip and strike of the known zone of mineralisation. However, several holes were drilled at less optimal azimuths due to site access constraints or to test for alternative mineralisation orientations. |
| If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the orientation of key mineralised structures is considered to have introduced a sampling bias, this should be assessed and reported if material. • The orientation of the drilling is not considered to have introduced sampling bias. |
|
| Sample security |
The measures taken to ensure sample security. • Samples were collected in polyweave bags either at the drill rig (RC and AC samples) or at the core cutting facility (diamond samples). The polyweave bags have five samples each and are cable tied. • Filled bags were collected into palletised bulk bags at the field office and delivered directly from site to ALS laboratories in Wangara, Perth by a Chalice contractor several times weekly. |
| Audits or reviews |
The results of any audits or reviews of sampling techniques and data. • Cube Consulting conducted a site visit and review of the sampling techniques and data as part of this Resource Estimate on 12 May 2022. • SRK completed an independent assurance review of the Chalice procedures and documentation in 2021, which continue to apply in 2022 and 2023, and the appropriateness of Cube Consulting estimation methods employed. |
A-2 Section 2 Reporting of Exploration Results
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation Commentary |
|---|---|
| Mineral tenement and land tenure status |
Type, reference name/number, location and ownership including agreements or material issues with third parties such as joint ventures, partnerships, overriding royalties, native title interests, historical sites, wilderness or national park and environmental settings. • Exploration activities are ongoing over E70/5118 and 5119 and the tenements are in good standing. The holder CGM (WA) Pty Ltd is a wholly owned subsidiary of Chalice Mining Limited with no known encumbrances. |
| The security of the tenure held at the time of reporting along with any known impediments to obtaining a licence to operate in the area. • All drilling has occurred on granted Exploration Licences. There are no known impediments to obtaining a licence to operate |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|
| • | E70/5119 partially overlaps ML1SA, a | ||
| State Agreement covering Bauxite | |||
| mineral rights only. | |||
| • | There is no previous exploration at | ||
| Gonneville, and only limited | |||
| exploration has been completed by | |||
| other exploration parties in the vicinity | |||
| of the targets identified by Chalice to | |||
| date. | |||
| • | Chalice has compiled historical | ||
| records dating back to the early 1960’s | |||
| which indicate only three genuine | |||
| explorers in the area, all primarily | |||
| targeting Fe-Ti-V mineralisation. | |||
| • | Over 1971-1972, Garrick Agnew Pty Ltd | ||
| undertook reconnaissance surface | |||
| sampling over prominent | |||
| aeromagnetic anomalies in a search | |||
| for ‘Coates deposit style’ vanadium | |||
| mineralisation. Surface sampling | |||
| methodology is not described in detail, | |||
| Exploration done | Acknowledgment and appraisal of | nor were analytical methods specified, | |
| by other parties | exploration by other parties. | with samples analysed for V2O5, Ni, | |
| Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn, results of which are | |||
| referred to in this announcement. | |||
| • | Three diamond holes were completed | ||
| by Bestbet Pty Ltd targeting Fe-Ti-V | |||
| situated approximately 3km NE of | |||
| JRC001. No elevated Ni-Cu-PGE assays | |||
| were reported. | |||
| • | Bestbet Pty Ltd undertook 27 stream | ||
| sediment samples within E70/5119. | |||
| Elevated levels of palladium were | |||
| noted in the coarse fraction (- | |||
| 5mm+2mm) are reported in this | |||
| release. Finer fraction samples did not | |||
| replicate the coarse fraction results. | |||
| • | A local AMAG survey was flown in 1996 | ||
| by Alcoa using 200m line spacing | |||
| which has been used by Chalice for | |||
| targeting purposes. | |||
| • | The target deposit type is an | ||
| orthomagmatic Ni-Cu-PGE sulphide | |||
| deposit, within the Yilgarn Craton. The | |||
| Geology | Deposit type, geological setting and style of mineralisation. |
style of sulphide mineralisation intersected consists of massive, matrix, stringer and disseminated sulphides |
|
| typical of metamorphosed and | |||
| structurally overprinted | |||
| orthomagmatic Ni sulphide deposits. | |||
| A summary of all information material | • | Provided in the body of the text. | |
| to the understanding of the exploration | |||
| Drill hole Information |
results including a tabulation of the following information for all Material drill holes: Easting and northing of the drill hole |
||
| collar |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation Commentary |
|---|---|
| Elevation or RL (Reduced Level – elevation above sea level in metres) of the drill hole collar Dip and azimuth of the hole Down hole length and interception depth hole length. |
|
| If the exclusion of this information is justified on the basis that the information is not Material and this exclusion does not detract from the understanding of the report, the Competent Person should clearly explain why this is the case. • No material information has been excluded. |
|
| Data aggregation methods |
In reporting Exploration Results, weighting averaging techniques, maximum and/or minimum grade truncations (eg. cutting of high grades) and cut-off grades are usually Material and should be stated. • Significant intercepts are reported using a length-weighted >0.3% NiEq cut off. A maximum of 4m internal dilution has been applied. • Higher grade internal intervals are reported using a >0.6% NiEq length- weighted cut off. A maximum of 2m internal dilution has been applied. • No top cuts have been applied. |
| Where aggregate intercepts incorporate short lengths of high-grade results and longer lengths of low grade results, the procedure used for such aggregation should be stated and some typical examples of such aggregations should be shown in detail. • Higher grade intervals are reported using a >0.9g/t Pd length-weighted cut off for oxide and >0.6% NiEq length- weighted cut off. A maximum of 2m internal dilution has been applied for intercepts calculated using >0.6% NiEq cut offs. |
|
| The assumptions used for any reporting of metal equivalent values should be clearly stated. • Metal price assumptions used in the metal equivalent calculations are: US$1,800/oz Pd, US$1,200/oz Pt, US$1,800/oz Au, US$24,000/t Ni, US$10,500/t Cu, US$72,000/t Co. • Metallurgical recovery assumptions used in the metal equivalent calculation for the oxide material are: Pd – 75%, Au – 90%. • Hence for the oxide material PdEq (g/t) = Pd (g/t) + 1.27 x Au (g/t). • Metallurgical recovery assumptions used in the metal equivalent calculation for the sulphide (fresh) material are: Pd – 60%, Pt – 60%, Au – 70%, Ni – 45%, Cu – 85%, Co - 45%. • Hence for the sulphide material NiEq = Ni (%) + 0.32x Pd(g/t) + 0.21x Pt(g/t) + 0.38x Au(g/t) + 0.83x Cu(%) + 3x Co(%)and PdEq = Pd (g/t) + 0.67x Pt(g/t) + 1.17x Au(g/t) + 3.11x Ni(%) + 2.57x Cu(%) + 9.33x Co(%). • The volume of transitional material is small and considered unlikely to materially affect the overall metal equivalent calculation. |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation Commentary |
|---|---|
| Relationship between mineralisation widths and intercept lengths |
These relationships are particularly important in the reporting of Exploration Results. If the geometry of the mineralisation with respect to the drill hole angle is known, its nature should be reported. • RC and Diamond drill holes were typically oriented within 15° of orthogonal to the interpreted dip and strike of the known zone of mineralisation. However, several holes were drilled at less optimal azimuths due to site access constraints or to test for alternative mineralisation orientations. |
| If it is not known and only the down hole lengths are reported, there should be a clear statement to this effect (eg. ‘down hole length, true width not known’). • All widths are quoted down-hole. True widths vary depending on the orientation of the hole and the orientation of the mineralisation. For low grade intercepts (> 0.40% NiEq) true width approximates downhole width. For high grade intercepts (>0.6% NiEq) true width is generally between 80 and 100% of the downhole width. |
|
| Diagrams | Appropriate maps and sections (with scales) and tabulations of intercepts should be included for any significant discovery being reported These should include, but not be limited to a plan view of drill hole collar locations and appropriate sectional views. • Refer to figures in the body of text. |
| Balanced reporting |
Where comprehensive reporting of all Exploration Results is not practicable, representative reporting of both low and high grades and/or widths should be practiced to avoid misleading reporting of Exploration Results. • All holes drilled at Gonneville beyond the extent of the March 2023 Gonneville Resource envelope since the closing of the database on 11th December 2022 have been reported. Reporting of infill holes within the Gonneville Resource including those drilled prior December 11th2022 have not been reported as it is not practicable, results have been used in the Resource update and/or are in line with results in the resource estimation. |
| Other substantive exploration data |
Other exploration data, if meaningful and material, should be reported including (but not limited to): geological observations; geophysical survey results; geochemical survey results; bulk samples – size and method of treatment; metallurgical test results; bulk density, groundwater, geotechnical and rock characteristics; potential deleterious or contaminating substances. • Not applicable. All meaningful data relating to the Mineral Resource and exploration drilling has been included. |
| Further work | The nature and scale of planned further work (eg. tests for lateral extensions or depth extensions or large- scale step-out drilling). • Diamond and RC drilling will continue to test high-priority targets including EM conductors. Further drilling along strike and down dip may occur at these and other targets depending on results. • Scoping study work has commenced including additional metallurgical testwork, mining studies, tailings studies and waste rock characterisation etc. |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas | • | Any potential extensions to | |
| of possible extensions, including the | mineralisation are shown in the figures | ||
| main geological interpretations and | in the body of the text. | ||
| future drilling areas, provided this | |||
| information is not commercially | |||
| sensitive. |
A-3 Section 3 Estimation and Reporting of Mineral Resources
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation Commentary |
|---|---|
| Database integrity |
Measures taken to ensure that data has not been corrupted by, for example, transcription or keying errors, between its initial collection and its use for Mineral Resource estimation purposes. • OCRIS data logging software is used by Chalice for front end data collection and has in-built validation for all geological logging and sampling. • All logging, sampling and assay files are stored in a SQL Server database using DataShed (industry standard drill hole database management software). • User access to the database is regulated by specific user permissions. Only the Database Manager can overwrite data. • All data has passed a validation process; any discrepancies have been checked by Chalice personnel before being updated in the database. |
| Data validation procedures used. • Cube Consulting completed validation checks on the drill hole data extraction provided by Chalice for use in the Mineral Resource Estimate. • Multiple collar entries, potentially suspect collar and downhole survey results, absent survey or assay data, overlapping intervals, negative sample lengths, out of range assay values and sample intervals which extended beyond the hole depth defined in the collar table were reviewed. • Only minor validation issues were detected which were communicated to Chalice and corrected prior to the preparation of the Mineral Resource estimate. |
|
| Site visits | Comment on any site visits undertaken by the Competent Person and the outcome of those visits. • A site visit to the Julimar Project was completed by Mike Job (Principal Geologist/Geostatistician at Cube Consulting) and Mike Millad (Principal Geologist/Geostatistician at Cube Consulting) on 12 May 2022, and an inspection of the ALS sample preparation and analytical laboratories was undertaken by Mike Job on 2 June 2022. Mike Job and Mike Millad assume Competent Persons status for the Mineral Resource estimate. • During the Julimar site visit, the drilling, sampling, geological logging, density measurement and sample storage facilities, equipmentand procedureswere |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation Commentary |
|---|---|
| witnessed, and discussions held with Chalice representatives. The facilities and equipment were appropriate, and the procedures were well-designed and being implemented consistently. The sample preparation and analytical laboratories were well equipped and were operated to a very high standard. In the Competent Persons’ opinion, the geological and analytical data being produced is appropriate for use in a Mineral Resource estimate. |
|
| If no site visits have been undertaken indicate why this is the case. • Not applicable (see above). |
|
| Geological interpretation |
Confidence in (or conversely, the uncertainty of ) the geological interpretation of the mineral deposit. • The location and orientation of the primary Ni-Cu-PGE mineralisation within the Ultramafic host unit are reasonably well understood and have been developed over the course of the drill-out phase of the project. • Geological controls on the supergene/dispersion zone material are reasonably simple and well understood. • Confidence in the orientations of the barren Dolerite dyke lithology is variable over the footprint of the deposit, due to the geological complexity shown by this lithology unit. However, volumetrically the unit is considered as having been appropriately captured in the geological interpretation and by geostatistical interpolation of minor dolerite intervals not captured in the Leapfrog wireframes generated by Chalice. Work on improving definition of, and confidence in, the Dolerite lithology by Chalice is ongoing. |
| Nature of the data used and of any assumptions made. • Sample intercept logging and assay results from drill core and RC samples form the basis for the geological interpretations. • A criterion of > 0.9ppm Pd has been used by Chalice to construct the supergene/dispersion zone mineralised zone wireframe. The logged oxide- transition boundary in the weathering profile was taken into account when developing the interpretation. A minimum intersection width of 2m was applied. Similar criteria were applied to wireframe modelling of high-grade, sulphide-rich horizons termed “G Zones” within the Ultramafic host, with a 0.9ppm Pd nominal cut-off grade applied in conjunction a maximum “waste” interval of 4m and minimum zone width of 4m. Occasional single holes do not meet these criteria and the wireframe was propagated nevertheless for the practical sake of maintaining continuity of the shape. However, where two or more adjacent holes didnot meet the criteria,the |
44 Chalice Mining Limited
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation Commentary |
|---|---|
| wireframe model was not allowed to propagate. The G Zones are broadly concordant with litho-geochemical domain boundaries defined using geochemical thresholds within the Ultramafic body, which are reflective of the evolution of the magma and other igneous processes. The G Zones are also considered to be reliable guides to the overall orientation and geometry of mineralisation continuity. • The Southeastern domain zone is an area of highly complex geometry at the southeastern end of the intrusion, where the G Zones appear to be compressed together and it becomes difficult to separate higher grade G Zones from the surrounding ultramafic material. The footwall boundary of the Southeastern domain zone corresponds with the footwall contact of the ultramafic intrusion and is closely associated with the pyroxenite litho-geochemical zone. The hanging wall contact of the Southeastern domain zone was manually interpreted using the pyroxenite contact as a guide, as well with respect to the grades of the economically important elements. |
|
| The effect, if any, of alternative interpretations on Mineral Resource estimation. • Alternative interpretations are likely to materially impact on the Mineral Resource estimate on a local, but not global, basis. |
|
| The use of geology in guiding and controlling Mineral Resource estimation. • The litho-geochemical domains within the host Ultramafic unit are known to have an association with the orientation of the primary mineralisation zones (i.e. the G Zones). The grades of the economic elements and geological interpretations for these features have been incorporated into the resource estimation approach via the development of trend surfaces informing a variable variogram and search ellipse orientation strategy (Dynamic Anisotropy (DA)). |
|
| The factors affecting continuity both of grade and geology. • The deposit represents part of a large layered intrusion. Sulphide content and metal grade are well correlated, with higher sulphide concentration generally corresponding to higher metal content within the Ultramafic intrusion. • On a global scale the mineralisation displays good geological and grade continuity, which is largely governed by magmatic fractionation processes within the host intrusion. On a local scale geological and grade continuity is disrupted by the presence of variably oriented barren dolerite dykes and granite inclusions, both of which post-date and therefore overprint the mineralisation. |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|
| • | The main part of the Mineral Resource | ||
| within the Ultramafic extends for a strike | |||
| length of approximately 1.8km and is 600 | |||
| to 800 m thick. Plan width of the sub- | |||
| The extent and variability of the | parallel, sulphide-rich G Zones varies from | ||
| Mineral Resource expressed as | 5 to 40m. Plan width of the encompassing | ||
| Dimensions | length (along strike or otherwise), plan width, and depth below |
sulphide poor zones varies from 100 to 150m. The reported Measured Mineral |
|
| surface to the upper and lower limits | Resource is within approximately 130m of | ||
| of the Mineral Resource. | surface. The reported Indicated Mineral | ||
| Resource is within approximately 400m | |||
| below surface. The reported Inferred | |||
| Mineral Resource is within approximately | |||
| 600m below surface. | |||
| • | All geological wireframe interpretations | ||
| used in the Resource were constructed by | |||
| Chalice using a combination of Leapfrog | |||
| and Micromine software. Geological | |||
| wireframes provided by Chalice include | |||
| weathering, lithological, litho- | |||
| geochemical and supergene/dispersion | |||
| zone interpretations. Block modelling and | |||
| grade estimation was carried out by Cube | |||
| Consulting using Surpac and Isatis | |||
| software. Statistical analysis was carried | |||
| out by Cube Consulting using Geoaccess | |||
| Professional and Isatis software. | |||
| • | All wireframes and drill data were rotated | ||
| 40° anti-clockwise and placed in a local | |||
| grid for estimation and mining studies. This | |||
| brings the average strike of the | |||
| mineralisation approximately in line with | |||
| The nature and appropriateness of | the local grid north-south axis. | ||
| the estimation technique(s) applied | • | Prior to estimation of variables, below | |
| Estimation and modelling techniques |
and key assumptions, including treatment of extreme grade values, domaining, interpolation parameters and maximum distance of extrapolation from data points. If a computer assisted estimation method was chosen include a description of computer software and parameters used. |
detection limit assays were assigned a positive value equal to half of the detection limit for the relevant grade variable. Intentionally unsampled intervals were retained as absent grade values. The vast majority of the intentionally unsampled intervals occur outside of the host intrusion lithology, and therefore have no bearing on the grade estimates. |
|
| Absent density values have been retained | |||
| as absent values, as density | |||
| determinations were not taken for these | |||
| intervals. | |||
| • | All drillhole samples were flagged | ||
| according to the geological domain | |||
| interpretations provided by Chalice. | |||
| Sample populations were statistically | |||
| analysed to derive geostatistical domain | |||
| groupings for Pd, Pt, Ni, Co, Cu, Au, As, S, | |||
| Mg, Cr and density. Statistical analysis | |||
| included comparison of global grade | |||
| distributions, derivation of statistical | |||
| correlations between grade variables and | |||
| contact analysis of grade variables across | |||
| the various geological domains. From | |||
| analysis, estimation domains were | |||
| determinedfor Pd/Pt/Ni/Co/Au, Cu,As, S, |
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==> picture [483 x 708] intentionally omitted <==
----- Start of picture text -----
||||
|---|---|---|
|Criteria|JORC Code explanation|Commentary|
|Mg, Cr and density variable groupings.|
|Information regarding the in-situ mineral|
|chemistry of the various mineral species for|
|the deposit is currently not available.|
|Mineral speciation was therefore not|
|incorporated into the definition of the|
|geostatistical domains.|
|•|For primary Pd, Pt, Ni, Co, Cu, Au|
|mineralisation located within the|
|Ultramafic intrusion, grade interpolation|
|was undertaken using Ordinary Kriging|
|(OK) within high sulphide/high Pd zones (G|
|Zones) and the surrounding lower-grade|
|general Ultramafic zone. The latter was|
|divided into a low-to-moderate grade|
|“Main” sub-domain, and very low-grade|
|northwest sub-domain for Pd, Pt, Ni, Co|
|and Au. In addition, a Southeastern|
|domain was defined in the southwest,|
|where the G Zones are compressed|
|together and display a complex|
|morphology – within the Southeastern|
|domain, the low grade Ultramafic and G|
|Zone volumes were not distinguished and|
|were thus estimated as a single package.|
|The general Ultramafic zone was split into|
|low and high-grade subdomains using an|
|economic composite in Leapfrog for Cu,|
|based on a 0.03% Cu cut-off grade. The|
|Cu cut-off was based on a prominent|
|inflexion in the Cu grade histogram. The|
|OK interpolations for the economically|
|material Pd, Ni and Cu variables were|
|subsequently post-processed to derive a|
|Localised Uniform Conditioning (LUC) final|
|grade estimate in the Ultramafic volume|
|outside of the G Zones. OK estimates for|
|the granite, gabbro, dyke and sediment|
|lithologies were also undertaken, but using|
|restrictive high-grade distance limiting|
|parameters to curtail the propagation of|
|rare high-grade samples. These high-|
|grade samples are believed to be due|
|mainly to re-mobilisation of mineralisation|
|in the case of the surrounding sediments|
|and granite. The mineralisation modelled|
|outside of the Ultramafic envelope has not|
|been classified as a Mineral Resource for|
|reporting purposes.|
|•|Indicator kriging was used to model the|
|geometry of dyke material that was|
|logged in the drill holes, typically|
|represented by short and discontinuous|
|intercepts, but which fell outside of the|
|dyke Leapfrog wireframes. This additional|
|dyke volume comprises approximately|
|2.8% of the total volume within the|
|estimated Ultramafic intrusion envelope.|
|Detection limit grades were assigned for|
|all elemental variables and density was|
|assigned based on density sample|
|statistics.|
----- End of picture text -----
47 Chalice Mining Limited
ASX:CHN OTCQB:CGMLF
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|
| • | Arsenic only occurs in very low | ||
| abundances and was modelled using OK | |||
| throughout. In contrast to the economic | |||
| elements, As is of higher grade in the | |||
| southeast of the Ultramafic intrusion, and | |||
| of lower grade to the north of this, hence | |||
| a Main-SE subdivision was implemented. | |||
| • | Sulphur was modelled using OK. S | ||
| estimation domains differed slightly from | |||
| the economic elements, in that the litho- | |||
| geochemical units were split about the | |||
| top-of-fresh surface whereas the | |||
| economic elements were split about the | |||
| base of complete oxidation surface. The | |||
| Main vs northwest and southeast domain | |||
| subdivisions of the fresh Ultramafic zone | |||
| was used for S modelling, similar to the | |||
| economic elements. S was also | |||
| interpolated using OK in the granite, | |||
| gabbro, dyke and sediment lithologies, | |||
| with appropriate high grade distance limits | |||
| applied. It is noteworthy that in the | |||
| immediate hangingwall and footwall of | |||
| the Ultramafic intrusion, within the | |||
| sediment lithological unit, S grades are | |||
| elevated, which may have environmental | |||
| implications for waste disposal. | |||
| • | Mg was modelled using OK. The domains | ||
| used are similar to those for Pd, Pt, Ni, Co | |||
| and Au, except that the Southeastern | |||
| domain was not used. Mg is observed to | |||
| be relatively depleted in the oxide zone, | |||
| and hence the domains were split about | |||
| the base of oxidation surface for | |||
| interpolation. Mg is also slightly depleted | |||
| within the G Zones, possibly due to | |||
| sulphide replacement of constituent rock | |||
| minerals and hence the G Zone domain | |||
| versus general ultramafic subdivision was | |||
| retained. | |||
| • | Cr was modelled using OK. It was | ||
| observed that Cr is relatively enriched in | |||
| the oxide zone and that there is no | |||
| significant difference between Cr grades | |||
| in the G Zones and surrounding general | |||
| ultramafic zones. A relatively simple | |||
| domaining scheme was therefore used, | |||
| whereby the general ultramafic and G | |||
| Zones were rolled together into a single | |||
| domain for estimation, with a split about | |||
| the base of oxide surface. | |||
| • | Density was modelled using OK within the | ||
| transitional + fresh portion of the Ultramafic | |||
| intrusion, granite, gabbro, dyke and | |||
| sediment lithologies. Constant density | |||
| assignments were made in the oxide zone, | |||
| where the paucity of data did not justify | |||
| using geostatistical interpolation. Density is | |||
| generally more poorly informed than the | |||
| elemental variables, due to only core | |||
| being sampledfordensity, but it was |
48 Chalice Mining Limited
ASX:CHN OTCQB:CGMLF
Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
| deemed possible to fill in unsampled | |
|---|---|
| density values in the high-grade, sulphide- | |
| rich “G Zones” based on a multi-linear | |
| regression of sampled density values | |
| against the well-correlated and more | |
| widely informed Co, Ni and S variables. | |
| • | All of the estimated variables were |
| modelled independently using OK in the | |
| Supergene enrichment zone. | |
| • | Variogram models for Pd, Pt, Ni, Cu, Au, As |
| and S were produced by first transforming | |
| the composite grades to Gaussian space | |
| in order to elucidate the true underlying | |
| spatial structure, before back-transforming | |
| to real space for use in interpolation. Ni | |
| and Co are strongly correlated and | |
| therefore the Ni variograms were used to | |
| interpolate Co. Appropriate substitution | |
| variogram models were used for Mg and | |
| Cr. For the density variable, statistical and | |
| spatial variability is low within individual | |
| estimation domains, and hence variogram | |
| models could be produced directly in real | |
| space. The variography is generally | |
| characterised by strong anisotropy | |
| between the semi-major/major axis plane | |
| of mineralisation (parallel to the tabular | |
| mineralised zones) and the perpendicular, | |
| shorter-range minor axis. Practical ranges | |
| for the main economic elements in the | |
| plane of mineralisation is generally of the | |
| order of 100m, while in the high-grade G | |
| Zones it is most often between 40m and | |
| 50m. Variogram modelling was | |
| undertaken on capped grade values. | |
| • | Once estimation domains for grade |
| interpolation were defined, composited | |
| drill hole sample populations were | |
| statistically analysed to derive grade | |
| capping values. It was observed that | |
| grade capping for the economic | |
| elements had an immaterial impact on | |
| the global grade. Boundary/contact | |
| analysis showed that the G Zones have | |
| hard boundaries with respect to the | |
| surrounding, lower-grade Ultramafic zone | |
| and so hard grade boundaries were | |
| applied to this contact. A general | |
| ultramafic Main-NW sub-domain | |
| estimation boundary was also defined for | |
| Pd, Pt, Ni, Co and Au and sulphur | |
| interpolation, based on a large change in | |
| the grade distribution, and was treated as | |
| soft during interpolation, although different | |
| capping, variogram and search | |
| parameters were implemented either side | |
| of this boundary. The Southeastern domain | |
| zone was estimated using a one-way soft | |
| boundary, whereby the volume inside the | |
| Southeastern domain was allowed to see | |
| the surrounding Ultramafic and G Zone | |
| samples, but the Southeasterndomain |
49 Chalice Mining Limited
ASX:CHN OTCQB:CGMLF
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|
| samples were masked during the | |||
| estimation of non-Southeastern domain | |||
| blocks. The low and high grade Cu | |||
| domains were estimated independently, | |||
| using a hard boundary, based on the | |||
| results of boundary analysis. In addition to | |||
| the grade caps, distance based grade | |||
| thresholds were also chosen and | |||
| implemented for interpolation those zones | |||
| where mineralisation is highly | |||
| discontinuous (i.e. granite, gabbro, dyke | |||
| and sediment). This was based on | |||
| observed inflexions in the grade | |||
| histograms that are interpreted as | |||
| representing the onset of the anomalous | |||
| high grade sub-population. Again, it is | |||
| noted that these largely barren zones | |||
| have not been classified as resources, and | |||
| were modelled only to provide some | |||
| indication in the block model of where | |||
| these patches of mineralisation occur. | |||
| • | Density bottom and top truncations have | ||
| been applied, based on examination of | |||
| density histograms, therefore completely | |||
| excluding the outliers from the estimation | |||
| process. | |||
| • | Estimation of Pd, Pt, Ni, Co, Cu, Au, As, S, | ||
| Mg and Cr was subsequently undertaken | |||
| by OK for the primary and secondary | |||
| mineralisation. As previously mentioned, | |||
| the OK estimates were progressed to LUC | |||
| estimates for Cu, Ni, and Pd in the | |||
| transitional + fresh portion of the Ultramafic | |||
| intrusion outside of the G Zones. | |||
| Geostatistical interpolation of density was | |||
| restricted to the transitional + fresh zones, | |||
| with assignments being made in the oxide | |||
| zone. A variable variogram and search | |||
| ellipse orientation strategy was | |||
| implemented using Isatis’ DA functionality | |||
| during grade interpolation to honour the | |||
| local undulations in the mineralisation | |||
| orientation. The hangingwall and footwall | |||
| surfaces for the G Zones were used to | |||
| define the DA within the envelope of the | |||
| Ultramafic intrusion in the primary zone. | |||
| The Ultramafic contact was used for DA in | |||
| the granite and sediment units. Constant | |||
| rotations were used in the two gabbro | |||
| units, as these have relatively uniform dip | |||
| and strike. The dyke hangingwall surfaces | |||
| were used to inform the DA parameters | |||
| within the dyke units. In the secondary | |||
| zone, including the Supergene unit, the | |||
| topographic, bottom of complete | |||
| oxidation and top of fresh surfaces were | |||
| used for DA. | |||
| • | Search and block plans were as follows: | ||
| • | Primary mineralisation Pd, Pt, Ni, Co, Cu, | ||
| Au, S, Mg and Cr (within Ultramafic unit | |||
| and GZones)- A minimumof6 and |
50 Chalice Mining Limited
ASX:CHN OTCQB:CGMLF
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|
| maximum of 16 to 20 samples per estimate | |||
| into a parent block size of 10 m(E) x 20 | |||
| m(N) x 10 m(RL). The maximum limit was | |||
| allowed to be exceeded in cases where | |||
| samples are situated within any given | |||
| block, since the condition was set | |||
| whereby the OK would by default use all | |||
| samples within the block. The maximum | |||
| number of samples per drillhole was | |||
| limited by using anisotropic distances for | |||
| sample selection in combination with a | |||
| maximum of 4 to 5 samples per search | |||
| ellipse quadrant. A single search pass was | |||
| used. Block discretisation scheme was 5 | |||
| pts(E) x 5 pts(N) x 2 pts(RL). LUC post- | |||
| processing of Pd, Ni and Cu was into a | |||
| Selective Mining Unit (SMU) block size of 5 | |||
| m(E) x 10 m(N) x 5 m(RL). | |||
| • | Secondary mineralisation Pd, Pt, Ni, Co, | ||
| Cu, Au, S, Mg and Cr (within the | |||
| Ultramafic, G Zone and Supergene | |||
| unit)used a minimum of 3 to 6 and | |||
| maximum of 12 to 16 samples per estimate | |||
| into a parent block size of 10 m(E) x 20 | |||
| m(N) x 10 m(RL). The maximum limit was | |||
| allowed to be exceeded in cases where | |||
| samples are situated within any given | |||
| block, since the condition was set | |||
| whereby the OK would by default use all | |||
| samples within the block. The maximum | |||
| number of samples per drillhole was | |||
| limited by using anisotropic distances for | |||
| sample selection in combination with a | |||
| maximum of 4 to 5 samples per search | |||
| ellipse quadrant. A single search pass was | |||
| used. The block discretisation scheme was | |||
| 5 pts(E) x 5 pts(N) x 2 pts(RL). | |||
| • | For the primary and secondary zone As, a | ||
| minimum of 3 to 6 and maximum of 12 to | |||
| 20 samples per estimate were used into a | |||
| parent block size of 10 m(E) x 20 m(N) x 10 | |||
| m(RL). The maximum number of samples | |||
| per drillhole was limited by using | |||
| anisotropic distances for sample selection | |||
| in combination with a maximum of 3 to 5 | |||
| samples per search ellipse quadrant. A | |||
| single search pass was used. High grade | |||
| distance limiting was implemented in | |||
| addition to grade capping in the largely | |||
| barren units. The block discretisation | |||
| scheme was 5 pts(E) x 5 pts(N) x 2 pts(RL). | |||
| • | For the primary zone density, a minimum of | ||
| 4 and maximum of 16 samples per | |||
| estimate were used into a parent block | |||
| size of 10 m(E) x 20 m(N) x 10 m(RL). The | |||
| maximum number of samples per drillhole | |||
| was limited by using anisotropic distances | |||
| for sample selection in combination with a | |||
| maximum of 4 samples per search ellipse | |||
| quadrant. The maximum limit was allowed | |||
| to be exceeded in cases where samples | |||
| are situatedwithinany givenblock, since |
51 Chalice Mining Limited
ASX:CHN OTCQB:CGMLF
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation Commentary |
|---|---|
| the condition was set whereby the OK would by default use all samples within the block. A single search pass was used. The block discretisation scheme was 5 pts(E) x 5 pts(N) x 2 pts(RL). • For Pd, Pt, Ni, Co, Cu, Au, S, Mg and Cr, un-estimated blocks have been assigned grades equal to the mean estimated block grade per estimation domain within the Ultramafic and high Pd/sulphide zones. Outside of the Ultramafic envelope, un- estimated blocks were assigned half detection limit for each grade variable, except for Mg and Cr, which were populated with grades from interpolated domain analogues. None of the ex- ultramafic blocks, whether interpolated or assigned, have been classified as Mineral Resource. • For As un-estimated blocks have been assigned half detection limit. • For density, un-estimated blocks, inclusive of all secondary estimation domains, were assigned values based on applicable sample statistics. • As a final step, Pd, Pt, Ni, Co, Cu, Au, S and density were re-interpolated into a small subset of the block model, defined around a tight 10mE x 10mN drill pattern undertaken by Chalice over the last year over the near-surface portions of the G1 and G2 G Zones. This subset interpolation was undertaken using OK directly into 5mE x 10mN x 5mRL blocks and was stamped over the preceding OK/LUC estimates in this small volume. The tighter drill spacing justifies the direct interpolation into the smaller SMU sized block, and also circumvents the problem of spreading metal too far if using 10mE x 20mE x 10mRL “panel” sized blocks. • Final block values for Pd, Pt, Ni, Co, Cu, Au, S, Mg, Cr and density were validated by way of visual review of plans and cross sections (block model and drill samples presented with same colour legend), swath plots, and comparison of estimation domain mean grades with the input grade distribution data. Simple Inverse Distance Squared (ID2) check estimates were also run for Pd, Ni and Cu within the Supergene, Ultramafic and G Zone domains, which account for the overwhelming majority of the economic mineralisation in the Gonneville deposit. The ID2 check estimates were comparable to the main OK/LUC estimates. |
|
| The availability of check estimates, previous estimates and/or mine production records andwhether the • The Mineral Resource estimate was compared to the previous estimate |
52 Chalice Mining Limited
ASX:CHN OTCQB:CGMLF
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation Commentary |
|---|---|
| Mineral Resource estimate takes appropriate account of such data. undertaken by Cube Consulting in July 2022. • No previous mining has taken place at the project, and production data is not available to reconcile against the block model estimates. • The Mineral Resource model has been peer reviewed internally at Cube Consulting.Mr Mark Noppé of SRK undertook periodic high-level reviews of the estimation process on an in-stream basis of previous resource estimates. |
|
| The assumptions made regarding recovery of by-products. • Gonneville is a polymetallic deposit, and the assumption based on metallurgical testwork to date has been made that all reported constituents are recovered and are able to be sold. |
|
| Estimation of deleterious elements or other non-grade variables of economic significance (eg. sulphur for acid mine drainage characterisation). • Sulphur, magnesium, chromium and arsenic have been estimated. As is observed to generally be of very low grade, while S is notably enriched in the immediate hangingwall and footwall sediments of the Ultramafic intrusion, and especially so on the footwall side. Magnesium is observed to be relatively depleted in the oxide zone, while the opposite is true for chromium. • No other deleterious variables have been estimated but to date there are no indications of any deleterious elements in concentrate samples. |
|
| In the case of block model interpolation, the block size in relation to the average sample spacing and the search employed. • OK estimates were run into 10mE x 20mN x 10mRL (local grid) parent blocks, which is approximately half the width of the nominal 40m infill drill spacing in the northing direction. Because of the north- south orebody strike in local space, the nominally 60° easterly inclined drill holes, 1m downhole sample spacing and generally continuous nature of the variograms models for the economic elements, the local easting and RL block dimensions were set at a smaller 10m. LUC estimates, where undertaken, were progressed to smaller 5mE x 10mN x 5mRL (local grid) blocks. |
|
| Any assumptions behind modelling of selective mining units. • Within the Ultramafic unit exclusive of the G Zones, the LUC modelling process for Pd, Ni and Cu has assumed an SMU size of 5 m E x 10 m N x 5 m RL. |
|
| Any assumptions about correlation between variables. • The high degree of observed correlation between Ni and Co grade meant that Ni variograms were used for Co interpolation. These elements are mostly bound together in pentlandite, hence the close relationship. Density was also observed to be well correlated with Ni, Co and S within the G Zones. |
53 Chalice Mining Limited
ASX:CHN OTCQB:CGMLF
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation Commentary |
|---|---|
| Description of how the geological interpretation was used to control the resource estimates. • The litho- geochemical domains within the host Ultramafic unit are known to have an association with the orientation of the primary mineralisation zones (i.e. the G Zones). Geological interpretations for these features, along with logged sulphide content from drill hole intersections, have been incorporated into the resource estimation approach via the development of trend surfaces informing a variable search ellipse orientation strategy (Dynamic Anisotropy). • The geological interpretation for the supergene/dispersion zone has been used to constrain the resource estimate for the reported weathering zone material. a variable search ellipse orientation strategy (Dynamic Anisotropy) was employed to capture local undulations in the supergene/dispersion zone during grade estimation. |
|
| Discussion of basis for using or not using grade cutting or capping. • The need for grade capping was assessed for all estimated variables on a per estimation domain basis prior to estimation. • Histograms and log-probability plots were used to review composited sample grade distributions graphically. Additionally, a visual inspection was carried out in Surpac for potential clustering of very high-grade sample data prior to selecting a capping value. • Capping values, where deemed necessary, were applied to the composited sample grades. • In addition to the grade caps, high grade distance limiting was implemented for high grade sub-populations in the largely barren domains. • Bottom and top truncations were applied to density composites on a per estimation domain basis. |
|
| The process of validation, the checking process used, the comparison of model data to drill hole data, and use of reconciliation data if available. • Final block values for Pd, Pt, Ni, Co, Cu, Au, As, S, Mg, Cr and density were validated by way of visual review of plans and cross sections (block model and drill samples presented with same colour legend), swath plots, and comparison of estimation domain mean grades with the input grade distribution data. Check ID2 estimates were undertaken for Pd, Ni and Cu. The block model reflected the tenor of the grades in the drillhole samples both globally and locally. • No previous mining has taken place at the Project, and production data is not available to reconcile against the block model estimates. |
54 Chalice Mining Limited
ASX:CHN OTCQB:CGMLF
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whether the tonnages are estimated | • | Tonnages are estimated on a dry basis. No | |
| on a dry basis or with natural | moisture data are available. | ||
| Moisture | moisture, and the method of | ||
| determination of the moisture | |||
| content. | |||
| • | Any oxide block within the optimisation pit | ||
| shell above a palladium cut-off of 0.9 g/t is | |||
| considered as Mineral Resource | |||
| amenable to mining by open pit methods. | |||
| • | Any transitional or fresh block within the | ||
| Cut-off parameters |
The basis of the adopted cut-off grade(s) or quality parameters applied. |
optimised pit shell above a nickel equivalent cut-off of 0.35% is considered as Mineral Resource amenable to mining by open pit methods. |
|
| • | Any transitional or fresh block outside of | ||
| the optimised pit shell above a nickel | |||
| equivalent cut-off of 0.4% is considered as | |||
| Mineral Resource amenable to mining by | |||
| bulk underground methods. | |||
| • | This Mineral Resource estimate is based on | ||
| Assumptions made regarding possible mining methods, minimum mining dimensions and internal (or, if |
conventional open cut drill, blast, load, and haul mining methods for the open pit portion of the resource. |
||
| applicable, external) mining dilution. | • | The pit optimisations prepared to support | |
| It is always necessary as part of the | reasonable prospects for eventual | ||
| process of determining reasonable | economic extraction had appropriate | ||
| prospects for eventual economic | mining dilution and ore loss applied. | ||
| Mining factors | extraction to consider potential | • | The Mineral Resource estimate itself is |
| or assumptions | mining methods, but the | reported without mining dilution or ore loss. | |
| assumptions made regarding mining methods and parameters when estimating Mineral Resources may not always be rigorous. Where this is the case, this should be reported with an explanation of the basis of the mining assumptions made. |
• | Consideration was given to the possibility of applying bulk underground mining methods to the sulphide resource outside of the optimised pit shell. Appropriate mining cost and commodity prices have been used to determine a cut-off grade for such an underground mining |
|
| approach. | |||
| • | Metallurgical test work on oxide material | ||
| conducted includes: | |||
oDetailed QEMSCAN and XRD |
|||
| The basis for assumptions or | mineralogy on composites. | ||
| predictions regarding metallurgical amenability. It is always necessary as part of the process of determining reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction to consider |
oApproximately 60 laboratory batch leach tests using a variety of reagent suites to assess potential extraction. |
||
| Metallurgical factors or |
potential metallurgical methods, but the assumptions regarding |
• | Metallurgical test work on sulphide material conducted includes: |
| assumptions | metallurgical treatment processes | oDetailed QEMSCAN and XRD |
|
| and parameters made when | mineralogy on 18 composites and | ||
| reporting Mineral Resources may not | a further 4 sets of mineralogy of | ||
| always be rigorous. Where this is the | flotation test products. | ||
| case, this should be reported with an | oComminution testing includes 17 |
||
| explanation of the basis of the | SMC SAG milling tests plus Ball Mill | ||
| metallurgical assumptions made. | Work Indices. | ||
oFlotation testwork on a suite of six |
|||
| ore type composites and four | |||
| mining composites comprising |
55 Chalice Mining Limited
ASX:CHN OTCQB:CGMLF
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|
| over 200 individual tests, over 20 | |||
| locked cycle tests (LCT). | |||
oLCT results were used as a basis for |
|||
| estimating metallurgical recovery. | |||
oRecovery of intermediate |
|||
| products (enriched Cu/PGE | |||
| concentrate and Ni/Co MHP) | |||
| from concentrate enrichment of | |||
| low grade nickel concentrates | |||
| has been estimated using pilot | |||
| plant data from similar projects | |||
| and a scouting test on a sample | |||
| from Julimar. | |||
oThe base case assumption is for |
|||
| flotation to produce a copper | |||
| concentrate for sale, and a bulk | |||
| nickel concentrate for enrichment | |||
| in a downstream facility. | |||
| Palladium recovery was | |||
| predominantly into the copper | |||
| concentrate. Cobalt is | |||
| mineralogically associated with | |||
| nickel and can be assumed to | |||
| behave in a similar manner. | |||
| • | Metallurgical recoveries used in the pit | ||
| optimisation are based on testwork | |||
| completed to date. Recovery algorithms | |||
| calculated for each element were used as | |||
| inputs into the pit optimisation. | |||
| • | For the purposes of metal equivalent | ||
| calculations, metallurgical recovery | |||
| assumptions for the oxide material are: Pd | |||
| – 75%, Au – 90% and for sulphide are: Pd – | |||
| 60%, Pt – 60%, Au – 70%, Ni – 45%, Cu – 85%, | |||
| Co - 45%. | |||
| Assumptions made regarding | • | The Julimar Project is at a very early stage. | |
| possible waste and process residue | Hence environmental considerations for | ||
| disposal options. It is always | potential mining have not yet been | ||
| necessary as part of the process of | evaluated in detail. At this stage Chalice is | ||
| determining reasonable prospects | unaware of any specific environmental | ||
| for eventual economic extraction to | issues that would preclude potential | ||
| consider the potential environmental | eventual economic extraction, subject to | ||
| impacts of the mining and | government approvals. | ||
| Environmental factors or assumptions |
processing operation. While at this stage the determination of potential environmental impacts, particularly for a greenfields project, may not |
||
| always be well advanced, the status | |||
| of early consideration of these | |||
| potential environmental impacts | |||
| should be reported. Where these | |||
| aspects have not been considered | |||
| this should be reported with an | |||
| explanation of the environmental | |||
| assumptions made. | |||
| Whether assumed or determined. If | • | Sample density determinations were | |
| assumed, the basis for the | carried out using the water displacement | ||
| Bulk density | assumptions. If determined, the | method. | |
| method used, whether wet or dry, | |||
| the frequencyof the measurements, |
56 Chalice Mining Limited
ASX:CHN OTCQB:CGMLF
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation Commentary |
|---|---|
| the nature, size and representativeness of the samples. • Incompetent oxide core samples from the weathering profile are wax-coated prior to density determination. • Density standards are employed in the density determination process. • Sample density determinations were carried out on all fresh rock core samples, and representative oxide samples resulting in ~80% of total drilled diamond core intervals having had density determinations completed. |
|
| The bulk density for bulk material must have been measured by methods that adequately account for void spaces (vugs, porosity, etc), moisture and differences between rock and alteration zones within the deposit. • Incompetent oxide core samples are wax- coated prior to density determination. |
|
| Discuss assumptions for bulk density estimates used in the evaluation process of the different materials. • Sample density determinations were used to assign a bulk density value to the block model using a combination of assignment by geostatistical domain, and spatial estimation from density determinations from de-surveyed drillholes. • Model tonnages are subsequently estimated on a dry basis. |
|
| Classification | The basis for the classification of the Mineral Resources into varying confidence categories. • The Resource has been classified following due consideration of all criteria contained in Section 1, Section 2 and Section 3 of JORC Code 2012 Table 1. The Resource has been classified as either Measured, Indicated or Inferred based on data quality, sample spacing, mineralisation continuity, confidence in the geological interpretations, quality of the grade estimations and metallurgical processing knowledge. • Primary mineralisation within the host Ultramafic intrusion has been classified as a combination of Measured, Indicated and Inferred. Measured, Indicated and Inferred wireframe volumes were developed from sectional interpretation strings, and model cells then coded with Resource Classification codes directly from the wireframe volumes. • All fresh and transitional material within the Ultramafic intrusion, excluding the mostly barren dolerite, and informed by a reasonably consistent drill spacing of 80m, has been classified as Inferred, except around the periphery of the drilling pattern, where extrapolation results in lower quality estimates and Pd grade variography has informed a decision to limit the extrapolation of the Inferred material to approximately 50m beyond thelastdrill hole.The 80mdrillspacing |
57 Chalice Mining Limited
ASX:CHN OTCQB:CGMLF
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | Commentary | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| corresponds to the nominal exploration | ||||
| drill hole spacing used for the deposit. | ||||
| • | An 80m | drill spacing is considered by the | ||
| Competent Person as being sufficient to | ||||
| imply, but not verify, geological and grade | ||||
| continuity for the deposit style. | ||||
o |
All fresh and transitional material | |||
| within the Ultramafic intrusion, | ||||
| excluding the mostly barren | ||||
| granite, and dolerite dyke units, | ||||
| informed by a consistent drill | ||||
| spacing of 40m has been | ||||
| classified as Indicated. The | ||||
| selection of a 40m drill spacing | ||||
| distance for Indicated was based | ||||
| on results from a simulation-based | ||||
| drill hole spacing study carried out | ||||
| for the deposit indicating that the | ||||
| resource definition drill-out be | ||||
| conducted on a 40 m x 40 m drill | ||||
| spacing. | ||||
o |
Variogram ranges of the main | |||
| economic grade variable, Pd, | ||||
| indicating that grade continuity | ||||
| does not exceed 40 m to 50 m | ||||
| within the G Zones. | ||||
o |
Estimation quality metrics, such as | |||
| slope of regression and average | ||||
| distance to sample were | ||||
| considered during the | ||||
| classification process. | ||||
| • | A 40 m drill spacing is considered by the | |||
| Competent Person as being sufficient to | ||||
| allow estimation of the deposit physical | ||||
| characteristics with sufficient confidence | ||||
| to allow the application of Modifying | ||||
| Factors | in sufficient detail to support mine | |||
| planning and evaluation of the economic | ||||
| viability | of the deposit. | |||
| • | All fresh | and transitional material within the | ||
| Ultramafic intrusion, excluding the mostly | ||||
| barren granite, and dolerite dyke units, | ||||
| informed by a consistent drill spacing of | ||||
| 10m has been classified as Measured. The | ||||
| selection of a 10m drill spacing distance | ||||
| for Indicated was based on: | ||||
o |
Variogram ranges of the main | |||
| economic grade variable, Pd, | ||||
| indicating that grade continuity | ||||
| averages 40m to 50m within the | ||||
| high Pd/sulphide zones and is on | ||||
| the order of hundreds of metres in | ||||
| the general Ultramafic zones. | ||||
o |
Estimation quality metrics, such as | |||
| slope of regression and average | ||||
| distance to sample were | ||||
| considered during the | ||||
| classification process. | ||||
| • | A 10m drill spacing is considered by the | |||
| Competent Persons as being sufficient to |
58 Chalice Mining Limited
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation Commentary |
|---|---|
| allow estimation of the deposit physical characteristics with sufficient confidence to allow the application of Modifying Factors in sufficient detail to support mine planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. • All non-ultramafic material (country rock and dykes) has not been classified and the Supergene unit has been considered ineligible to rise to level of the Measured category of confidence due to metallurgical uncertainty. |
|
| Whether appropriate account has been taken of all relevant factors (ie relative confidence in tonnage/grade estimations, reliability of input data, confidence in continuity of geology and metal values, quality, quantity and distribution of the data). • Appropriate account has been taken of all relevant criteria including data quality, sample spacing, mineralisation continuity, confidence in the geological interpretations, quality of the grade estimations and the availability of Modifying Factors. |
|
| Whether the result appropriately reflects the Competent Person’s view of the deposit. • The Mineral Resource appropriately reflects the Competent Person’s views of the deposit. |
|
| Audits or reviews |
The results of any audits or reviews of Mineral Resource estimates. • Cube Consulting has undertaken internal peer reviews. Mr Mark Noppé of SRK Consulting completed in-stream reviews of previous Resource Estimates. No external review has been completed for this estimate. |
| Discussion of relative accuracy/ confidence |
Where appropriate a statement of the relative accuracy and confidence level in the Mineral Resource estimate using an approach or procedure deemed appropriate by the Competent Person. For example, the application of statistical or geostatistical procedures to quantify the relative accuracy of the resource within stated confidence limits, or, if such an approach is not deemed appropriate, a qualitative discussion of the factors that could affect the relative accuracy and confidence of the estimate. • The Mineral Resource accuracy is communicated through the classification assigned to this Mineral Resource. The Resource has been classified in accordance with the JORC Code (2012 Edition) using a qualitative approach. • All factors that have been considered have been adequately communicated in Section 1 and Section 3 of this table. |
| The statement should specify whether it relates to global or local estimates, and, if local, state the relevant tonnages, which should be relevant to technical and economic evaluation. Documentation should include assumptions made and the procedures used. • The Mineral Resource statement relates to a global tonnage and grade estimate. Grade estimates have been made for each block in the block model. |
|
| These statements of relative accuracy and confidence of the estimate should be compared with production data, where available. • No previous mining has taken place at the project, and production data is not available to reconcile against the block model estimates. |
59 Chalice Mining Limited
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